Federal Proposal in 1960

NCGUB (Border Office)
zuf'&,frltqdkwifoGif;jcif;
EkdifiHawmf.tajccHOya'udk jyifqifa&;qGJ&ef jynfol@v$wfawmfuqkH;jzwfvkdufaomtcg xkdvkyfief;udk
txl;pdwfyg0ifpm;pGmjzifh ta&;w,lpwifaqmif&GufcJho!fh jynfe,ftpkd;&rSm &Srf;jynfe,ftpkd;&jzpfonf?
jynfol@v$wfawmfu tajccHOya'jyifa&;tqkdukd twnfyjyXmef;+yD;aemuf tajccHOya' jyifqifa&;aumfr
wDrzGJ@pnf;rDrSmyif &Srf;jynfe,ftpdk;&onf tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;ESifhywfoufI t}uH^m%frsm; us,fus,f
jyef@jyef@&&Sda&;&nf&G,fcsufjzifh 1960 jy!fhESpf Ekd0ifbmv 7 &ufae@wGif awmif}uD;rd@Y tpnf;ta0;usif;ycJh
onf? xkdtpnf;ta0;odk@ &Srf;jynfe,frS ygvDrefrwfrsm; &Srf;jynfe,f&Sdv$wfawmfrJqENe,fwpfckpDrS udk,fpm;
vS,fESpfOD;pD/ &Srf;jynfe,f&SdEkdifiHa&;ygwDwpfckpDrS udk,fpm;vS,fokH;OD;pD/ yifvkHpmcsKyfwGifvufrSwf a&;xkd;=u
o!fh &Srf;jynfe,frSudk,fpm;vS,frsm;/ &Srf;jynfe,frS wkdif;jynfyudk,fpm;vS,fa[mif;rsm;ESifh pdwfyg0ifpm;ol
rsm;udk zdwf=um;cJhonf?1
xkdtpnf;ta0;rwkdifrD 1960 jy!fhESpf Ekd0ifbmv 5 &ufae@wGif &Srf;jynfe,fOuU p0fcGefcsdKkH;cef;Y
tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;ESifhywfoufI tudaqG;aEG;yGJwpf}udrfusif;yonf? xkdtudaqG;aEG;yGJokd@ wpfoD;
yk*~vESifh EkdifiHa&;ygwDtoD;oD;rS wufa&muf=uaom yk*~dKvfrsm;rSm
1? &Srf;jynfe,fOuU}uD;p0fcGefcsdK
2? oa&pnfolp0fjy!fh
3? r[moa&pnfol p0fxGef;at;
4? oD&dysHcsDp0fcGefatmif
5? OD;odef;az
6? OD;qDwm
7? oD&dysHcsDp0fa&$r_H
8? OD;vSaz
9? OD;jzL
10? OD;ausmfpdef
11? OD;axG;vkH
12? rpPwm zddk(pf) cef
13? OD;atmifoef;
14? OD;xGef;tkH
15? OD;vGef;
16? OD;cspfOD;
17? OD;wif{
18? OD;xGef;az
19? OD;cGefxD;
1 (u) OD;xGef;jrifh (awmif}uD;)/ jynfaxmifpkwGif;rS wef;wlaom&Srf;jynf/ &efukef/ jrefrmhAsL[mpmykHEdkyfwkduf/ 1961/ pm 7?

aemifudk;um;v#if OD;xGef;jrifh wef;wlaom&Srf;jynf [k!Gef;rnf?
(c) &Srf;jynfaxmifydkif; awmif;}uD;rd@ pm;rdif&dyfomtaqmiftOD;wGif usif;yyvkyfaom jynfe,faygif;pkHnDvmcH}uD; (&Srf; - u,m; ucsif - u&if - csif; - rGef - &cdkif). rSwfwrf;/ &efukef/ 'dk@wm0efykHEdkyfwkduf/ 1961/ pm 43? aemifudk;um;v#if
jynfe,faygif;pkHnDvmcHrSwfwrf; [k!Gef;rnf?
-1-
20? 0ausmfxif OD;aomif;ab1

wkd@jzpfonf? tudaqG;aEG;yGJY tajccHOya'jyifqif&mwGif tcsdef,lIpOf;pm;&efvdktyfojzifh tajccHOya'pdppf
a&; aumfrwDzGJ@pnf;a&;tqkdudk Ekd0ifbmv 7 &ufae@wGif usif;yr!fhtpnf;a0;Y omrdkif;crf;apmfbGm;
p0fxGef;at;u wifoGif;&efqkH;jzwf=uonf? xkdaumfrwDwGif oa&pnfolp0fjy!fhu obmywd/ &Srf;jynf
aumifpDtwGif;0ef p0f=umpkHu twGif;a&;r;tjzpf aqmif&GufItzGJ@0ifrsm;tjzpf EkdifiHa&;ygwD toD;oD;ESifh
&Srf;apmfbGm;rsm; tpnf;tkH;rS udk,fpm;vS,fokH;OD;pDESifh OD;wif{tqkdyo!fh wpfoD;yk*~vudk,fpm;vS,f ig;OD;
yg0ifap&efvnf; qkH;jzwf=uonf?2
awmif;}uD;rd@/ pm;rdif&dyfom3 taqmufttkHY Ekd0ifbmv 7 &ufae@wGif tpnf;ta0;usif;yaom
tcg tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;udpPudk aumfrwDwpfckzGJ@Iavhvm+yD;rS qufvufaqmif&Guf&ef aqG;aEG;=u+yD;
aemuf atmufygyk*~dKvfrsm;yg0ifo!fh tajccHOya'pDppfa&;aumfrwDudk zGJ@pnf;cJh=uonf?
1? p0fjy!fh
&Srf;jynfe,faumifpD
obmywd
2? p0fcGefatmif
(&wpnz)
3? OD;rSJ@
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4? p0f,Gufrdkif;
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5? p0fa&$odkuf
(apmfbGm;rsm;tpnf;tkH;)
6? p0frefz
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7? p0f=umqkdif
?
8? p0fa&$r_H
(&ynz)
9? OD;xGef;tkH
?
10? OD;pHjr
?
11? OD;xGef;at;
(&yvz)
12? OD;crf;
?
13? OD;atmifoef;
?
14? OD;vGef;
(tynz)
15? OD;pdk;armif
?
16? OD;cspfOD;
?
17? OD;jzL
(ytrz)
18? OD;vSaz
?
19? OD;ausmfpdef
?
20? OD;xGef;az
(woD;yk*~v)
21? OD;cGefwD;
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22? OD;xGefjrifh (awmif}uD;)
?
obmywd
tzGJ@0if
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(1) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH. zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'jyifqifa&; &Srf;jynfe,frSwfwrf;rsm;/ wuUodkvfrsm; A[dkpm=u!fhwkduf/

vufESdyfpufr_? aemifudkum;v#if &Sr;f jynfe,frSwfwrf;rsm;[k !Gef;rnf?
(2) 5-11-60 ae@/ eHeuf 10 tcsdef awmif;}uD;rd@&Srf;jynfe,ftpdk;& jynfe,fOuU}uD;. kH;cef;wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH.
zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccH Oya'jyifqifa&;udpPESifh ywfoufI usif;yaom tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;/ &Srf;jynfe,frSwfwrf;rsm;?
(3) ,ckpm;+rdef&dyfomjzpfygonf?
-2-
23? OD;cGefaemif
24? OD;&Da&mif;
25? p0f=umpkH
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twGif;a&;r;1
xkdaumfrwD. wm0efrSm tajccHOya'udkavhvmI jyifqif&efvkdtyfonfrsm;udk t}uH^m%fay;&ef

jzpfonf? xkdaumfrwD. yxrt}udrftpnf;ta0;usif;yaomtcg atmufygyk*~dKvf ckepfOD;tm; tzGJ@0ifrsm;
tjzpf jz!fhpGufcef@tyf&efoabmwlcJh=uonf?
1? p0frefz
2? OD;=umyk
3? a'gufwmb^m%f
4? p0fxGef;at;
5? OD;cGefpHjrwf
6? p0fausmfacgif
7? p0faq[krf2 (rkdif;yGefapmfbGm;)
aumfrwD.trnfudkvnf; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkfifiH. zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya' jyifqifa&;qGJa&;
(&Srf;jynfe,fqkdif&m) ud;udkifaumfrwD[k jyifqifcJhonf?
tajccHOya'udkjyifqif&mwGif rnfo!fhrljzifh jyifqif&rnfukd &Srf;jynfe,fqkdif&m ud;ukdifaumfrwD
u yxrpOf;pm;onf? xkd@a=umifh tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;ESifh ywfoufI EkdifiHawmftpkd;&u csrSwfxm;o!fh
rludk avhvmonf? EkdifiHawmftpdk;&u csrSwfxm;o!fh tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;qkdif&mrlrsm;rSm
1? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya'&Sdjymef;csufrsm;ukd jyefvnfpDppf&efESifh
tajccHOya'udkvufawG@vkyfukdifaqmif&GufaomtcgY rausmfvGefEkdifo!fh tcuftcJrsm;yg
o!fh jymef;csufrsm;&Sdv#if/ tqkdygjymef;csufrsm;ukd jyefvnfokH;oyfI &Sd+yD;rludkrysufpD;apbJ
jyifqif&ef
2? 'Drkdua&pDudk xdckduf+idpGef;vmr!fh tcsufrsm;awG@v#ifjyifqif&ef/ TuJhokd@jyifqif&mwGifvnf;
zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'}uD;wckvkH;. rlukdrysufapbJjyifqif&ef
3? jynfaxmifpkwnfwHhckdif+rJa&;ESifh trdsK;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfa&;wkd@udk xkdcdkufr!fhjymef;csufrsm;&Sd
v#ifvnf; yjyif&ef/ TuJhokd@yjyif&mwGifvnf;/ jynfaxmifpkwnfwHhckdif+rJa&;/ jynfaxmifpkpnf;
vkH;a&;/ jynfaxmifpknD!Gwfa&;wkd@.rludk OD;pm;ay;Ijyifqif&ef
wkd@jzpfonf? xkdodk@avhvm&mwGif tajccHOya'}uD;. &Sd+yD;rlqkdonfrSmrnfo!fhrljzpfonfqkdo!fhtcsufESifh
ywfoufI ud;udkifaumfrwDonf r&Sif;rvif;jzpfaecJhonf[k qkdygonf? xkdokd@tajccHOya'. &Sd+yD;rludk &Sif;
1 (u) jynfe,faygif;pkHnDvmcHrSwfwrf;/ pm 43?
(c) &Srf;jynfe,frS wifoGif;aom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ &efukef/ 'dk@wm0efykHEdSyfwkduf/
1961/ pm 31 - 32? aemifudk;um;v#if tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;/ pmwrf;[k!Gef;rnf?
2 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 32?
-3-
&Sif;vif;vif; rodojzifh ud;udkifaumfrwDonf tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd pwifaqmif&GufEkdifjcif;

r&Sd[kvnf; qkdavonf?1
xkd@a=umifh 1960 jy!fhESpf 'DZifbmv 22 &ufae@wGif &efukefYusif;yo!fh zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccH
Oya' jyifqifa&;aumfrwDtpnf;ta0;odk@ wufa&mufvm=uo!fh &Srf;jynfe,frS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u
tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;rludpPudk ar;jref;aomtcg w&m;a&;Xme0ef}uD; a'gufwmOD;armifu
rlawG[mrpOf;pm;ygESifhawmh u|efawmfwkd@ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf}uD; uGefjrLepfwkdif;jynfaomf
if;/ uGefjrLepfEkdifiHaomfif;/ zufqpfEkdifiHaomfif;/ rjzpf&if+yD;a&m? 'Drkdua&pDEkdifiH jzpfcJhonf&Sdv#if
awmfwmbJ2
[kjyefvnfajz=um;cJhonf? xkdtpnf;ta0;Yyif p0fa&$odkufu tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;ESifh ywfoufI rdrd
wpfOD;wnf;. qENoabmxm;udk azmfjyxm;o!fh pmwpfapmifukd tajccHOya' jyifqifa&;aumfrwDxH
wifoGif;cJhonf?
tqkdygpmwGif
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf. zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'udk 13 ESpftwGif;avhvmvufawG@ vkyf
udkifaqmif&Guf=u&mwGif Oya'u vlrsdK;a&;0g'vkdufem&ef cGifhyxm;ykH ay:aeonf? jynfrjrefrm
jynfonf jynfe,fwcktjzpf r[kwfbJvsuf jynfe,frsm;tay:rSm/ t*Fvdyf. ae&mudk,lI
tkyfcsKyfykHESifh wlaeonf? jynfe,ftcsif;csif; rdrdwkd@qENtavsmuf yl;aygif;aomoabmr[kwf jynf
rjrefrmjynfonf. vufatmufcHodk@0ifa&mufaom oabmoufa&mufaeygonf? jynfe,frsm;u
tvkd&Sdv#if jynfrjrefrmjynfukd ajym&onf? jynfe,frsm;tm; rdrdwkd@uH=urRmt&/ rdrdwdk@zefwD;Ekdif
&eftwGuf zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'u ay;xm;aom tcGifhta&;rSm bmwckrSr&Sdyg tkyfcsKyfa&;
udpPrsm;Y jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. oabmtwkdif;jzpfaeygonf3
[kvnf;aumif;
jynfe,frsm;odk@ay;xm;aom ta&;tcGifhta&;rsm; r&Sdojzifh jynfe,frsm;. wkd;yGm;r_udk rnf
o!fhenf;ESifhr# vkyfudkifEkdifjcif; r&Sdyg? Oyrm &Srf;jynfe,ftm; wESpfv#if aiGusyfodef; 125 r#om
taxmuftyHhay;ojzifh xkdaiGr#om xkdufwefo!fh jynfe,ftjzpfowfrSwfxm;ouJhokd@ jzpfaeyg
onf? jynfaxmifpktpkd;&. tusdK;tjrwftay:wGif bmr#0ifa&mufajymqkdcGifhr&Sday? tjcm;jynf
e,frsm;vnf; xkdenf;if;yif wnf&Sdaeygonf4
[kvnf;aumif;
jynfaxmifpk Federation oabmrSefrSm jynfr jrefrmjynfonf/ jynfe,fwckuJhodk@om jzpfoifh+yD;/
tjcm;jynfe,frsm;enf;wl &&Sdtyfaom tcGifhta&;r#om cHpm;cGifh&Sdoifha=umif;? odk@aomf ,ckzGJ@
pnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya't&qkdv#if jynfrjrefrmjynfonf jynfe,frsm;cHpm;&o!fh tcGifhta&;
xufomvGefaom jynfaxmifpktpkd;&tm%mtcGifhta&;udk csKyfudkifokH;pGJxm;ojzifh tjcm;jynf
e,frsm;u rauseyfjcif; jzpfygonf? rnfo!fh jynfe,fom;urqkd jynfaxmifpkysufjym;&ef
pdwfxm;&Sd=uolr&Sdyg? jynfrjrefrmjynfu jynfaxmifpktwGif;&Sd jynfe,fwe,ftaeESifh tjcm;jynf
1 jyne,faygi;fpkHnDvmcHrSwfwrf;/ pm 43 - 44?
2 (u) jynfe,faygif;pkHnDvmcHrSwfwrf;/ pm 44?
(c) [Hom0wDowif;pm/ 23 'DZifbm 1960/
3 [Hom0wDowif;pm/ 23 'DZifbm 1960?
4 [Hom0wDowif;pm/ 23 'DZifbm 1960?
-4-
e,frsm;wkd@ESifh wef;wlyl;aygif;aqmif&GufoGm;v#if rausreyfr_wkd@onf/ wae@wjcm;yaysmufoGm;bdk@

&dSonf? odk@jzpfygI jynfaxmifpk zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya'ppfppftjzpf udk,ifcsif;pmw&m; a&S@
xm;I a&;qGJ&ef1
[kvnf;aumif; azmfjyxm;onf? tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;rlESifh ywfoufIw&m;a&;Xme0ef}uD; a'gufwm
OD;{armifxHrS tajz&&Sd+yD;aomtcg tajccHOya'jyifa&; &Srf;jynfe,fqkdif&m ududkifaumfrwDonf if;.vkyf
ief;rsm;udk qufvufaqmif&GufEkdifcJhonf? xkdaumfrwDonf tajccHOya'yg w&m;pD&ifa&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh
ba&;qkdif&m jymef;csufrsm;udk avhvmcJho!fhjyif tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh=uzl;o!fh twGif;
0efa[mif;OD;!d/ cdkif0efa[mif; OD;aomif;az/ &Srf;jynfe,ftpdk;& twkdifyifcHtzGJ@0if pnfolOD;wifESifh OD;vS&Sdef
po!fh yk*~dKvfrsm;ukdygawG@qkHI if;wkd@.tkyfcsKyfa&;tawG@tuHrsm;ukd ar;jref;pkHprf;cJh=uonf? xkdodk@ar;jref;
csufrsm;ESifh avhvmcsufrsm;t& jyifqif&efvkdtyfonf[k ,lqo!fh tajccHOya'yg jymef;csuftcsdK@udkom
uGufI jyifqifkHr#jzifh vkHavmufrnfr[kwfbJ/ tajccHOya'}uD; wpfckvkH;ukd jyefvnfa&;qGJ&efvkdtyfonf[k
&Srf;jynfe,fqkdif&m ud;ukdifaumfrwDu,lqcJhonf? if;aumfrwDwGif yg0ifcJh=uo!fh rnfo!fhEkdifiHa&;ygwD
ur#vnf; tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;ESifhywfoufI pHxm;&r!fhrludk t}uHay;wifoGif;Ekdfifjcif; r&SdcJhay? xkd@
a=umifh Adkvfwaxmifowif;pmwGif OD;xGef;jrifh (awmif}uD;). u|efawmfwkd@vkdvm;aom jynfaxmifpkpHepf
acgif;pOfyg a&;om;csufrsm;udk tajccHI tajccHOya' jyifqifa&;vkyfief;rsm;pwif&ef &Srf;jynfqkdif&m ud;ukdif
aumfrwDu qkH;jzwfcJhonf?2
txufygqkH;jzwfcsuft& tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;vkyif ef;rsm;ukd pwifvkyfukdifcJh+yD;aemuf 1961
ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 24 &ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya' jyifqifa&;qGJa&; &Srf;
jynfe,fqkdif&m ud;udkifaumfrwDonf atmufygqkH;jzwfcsufrsm;udk csrSwfcJhonf?
vuf&SdjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH. zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'wGif jynfe,fESifhvlrdsK;pkwkdif; wef;wl
nDr#r_twGuf vkHavmufpGmjymef;xm;jcif;r&Sda=umif;
xkd@a=umifh jynfe,fESifhvlrdsK;pkwkdif; wef;wlnDr#ap&eftwGuf tajccHOya'tm; jynfaxmifpkppfppf
rljzifh/ jyefvnfyjyifa&;qGJ&ef Tud;udkifaumfrwDu oabmwlnD=ua=umif;
,if;uJhodk@tajccHOya'tm; jynfaxmifpkppfppfrljzifh yjyifa&;qGJo!fhtcg atmufygwef;wlnDr#r_.
tajccHta=umif;&if;rsm;udk x!fhoGif;a&;qGJ&ef qkkH;jzwf=ua=umif;
1? Armjynfe,fzGJ@pnf;a&;
2? jynfaxmifpkygvDrefv$wfawmfESpf&yftm; tm%mwlay;a&;
3? vlrdsK;pkv$wfawmfokd@ jynfe,fwkdif; nDr#aomudk,fpm;vS,fapv$wfa&;
4? A[dk&fjynfaxmifpktm; atmufygXmersm;v$Jtyf+yD;/ usef&Sdaomtm%mrsm;ESifh tcGifhta&;rsm;
ukd jynfe,frsm;odk@v$Jtyf&ef
(u) EkdifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;
(c) jynfaxmifpkumuG,fa&;
(*) jynfaxmifpkba&;
(C) aiG'*Fg;ESifh aiGpuULxkwfvkyfa&;
1 ,if;
2 jynfe,faygif;pkH nDvmcHrSwfwrf;/ pm 44-45?
-5-
(i) pmwkdufESifha=u;eef;qufoG,fa&;
(p) rD;&xm;/ ava=umif;/ a&a=umif;qufoG,fa&;
(q) jynfaxmifpkw&m;pD&ifa&;
(Z) yifv,fqdyfurf;cGefaumufa&;
5? jynfaxmifpkbawmfr#wpGmcGJa0a&;?1
ud;ukdifaumfrwDonf
tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;ESifhywfoufI
txufygrludkcsrSwf+yD;aemuf
OD;xGef;jrifh (awmif}uD;)/ rkdif;yGefapmfbGm; p0faq;[krf/ pnfolOD;wif/ OD;ausmfpdef/ OD;=umykESifh OD;vS&Sdefwkd@ yg0if
o!fh qyfaumfrwDudkvnf; zGJ@pnf;cJhonf? tqkdygqyfaumfrwD0ifrsm;onf ud;udkifaumfrwD. wm0efay;
csuft& &efukefokd@vma&mufI tajccHOya'ESifhywfoufo!fh taxmuftxm;rsm;udk &SmazGpkaqmif; avh
vm=uonf?2 xkdaemuf qyfaumfrwD. tpD&ifcHpmudk ud;udkifaumfrwDokd@ wifoGif;onf? ud;ukdifaumfr
wDu qyfaumfrwD. tpD&ifcHpmukd avhvmokH;oyfjyifqifjz!fhpGuf+yD;aemuf &Srf;jynfe,frSwifoGif;aom
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHzGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf; udkypk+yD; 1961 azazmf0g&Dv 25
&ufae@awmif}uD;rd@Y usif;yaom jynfvkH;u|wfnDvmcH}uD;u tqkdygpmwrf;ukdtwnfycJhonf?3
&Srf;jynfe,frSwifoGif;aom tqkdygpmwrf;wGif tydkif;av;ykdif;yg0ifonf? if;wkd@rSm
1? aemufa=umif;&mZ0if
2? ppf+yD;acwfumv&Srf;jynf
3? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH. zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'udk/ &Srf;jynfe,ftaejzifh vufawG@usifh
okH;&mwGif awG@uHcJh&o!fhcsdK@,Gif;csufrsm;ESifhtcuftcJrsm;
4? jynfaxmifpkppfppfwnfaqmufa&;
wkd@jzpfonf? tykdif;wpfwGif &Srf;vlrsdK;rsm; jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;odk@ 0ifa&mufvmykHESifh 'kwd,urBmppf+yD;txd
&Srf; Armqufa&;rsm;ta=umif; tusOf;csKyfazmfjyxm;onf? tydkif;ESpfwGifrl ppf+yD;acwf&Srf;jynfESifh yifvkHt
pnf;ta0; (1946)/ atmifqeftufwvDpmcsKyf/ yifvkHnDvmcH (1947) yifvkHpmcsKyf/ awmifwef;a'opkHprf;
a&;tzGJ@/ zqyvy%mrnDvmcHESifh wkdif;jynfyv$wfawmfwGif yg0ifaqmif&GufcJhykHrsm; yg0ifonf? wkdif;jynfy
v$wfawmfwGif tajccHOya'udka&;qGJtwnfycJhykHESifh ywfoufI pmwrf;wGif jyefvnfazmfxkwfwifjyxm;
onfrSm zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya'ESifhywfoufo!fh AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;. vrf;!$ef;csufckESpfcsufrS
'kwd,vrf;!$ef;csufjzpfo!fh
jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHawmfwGif zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'u owfrSwfazmfjyo!fh woD;yk*~vjynf
e,frsm;onf zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHwGif owfrSwfazmfjyxm;onfESifhtr# udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfa&;tm
%m&&Sdap&rnf
qkdaomtcsufonf jynfaxmifpkzGJ@pnf;a&;twGuf a,bk,stajccHoabmomjzpfa=umif; azmfjyxm;.?
xkd@jyif wkdif;jynfyv$wfawmfwGif zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya'ESifh ywfoufo!fh vrf;!$efjymef;csuf tqkd
udkwifoGif;&mwGif
2 (u) ukd,fawG@ajym=um;csufrsm;/ 0122/ orkdif;Xme (okawoe)/ &efukefouUodkvf?
(c) udk,fawG@ajym=um;csufrsm;/ 0137/ orkdif;Xme (okawoe)/ &efukefouUokdvf?
3 (u) tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 1?
(c) jynfe,faygif;pkHnDvmcHrSwfwrf;/ pm 45?
-6-
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;uyif zqyvr%mrnDvmcHa&;qGx
J m;aom tajccHOya'rl=urf;udk wkdif;jynfy
v$wfawmfuaqG;aEG;&ef tajccHpmwrf; tajccHpmwrf; (as a basis for discussion) tjzpfvufcH&ef
wifoGif;cJh&m/ jynfaxmifpkwGifyg0ifo!fhjynfe,frsm;tm; tqifhtwef;cGJjcm;&ef }uH&G,fcJha=umif;
xif&Sm;avonf1
[ka0zefxm;onf? odk@aomftajccHOya'udk xkdpOfuvufcHcJh&o!fh ta=umif;&if;rsm;udkvnf; atmufyg
twkdif;wifjyxm;onf?
1? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;tr;yaom wkdif;jynfacgif;aqmif}uD;rsm; kwfw&ufvkyf}uHcHvkduf&onf/
wwkdif;wjynfvkH; ,luH;r& 0rf;enf;a=uuGJcJh=uonf? aoG;csi;f om;csif;nDtpfudkrsm;ydkI
aoG;pnf;nD!Gwf&r!fh tajcodk@a&mufcJhonf?
2? e,fcsJ@udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf &Srf;jynfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;xHvma&mufI Armjynftajctae
qkd;aeonf rdrdwdk@a'ojyefoGm;&ifaumif;rnf? ArmjynfrESifh ryl;aygif;bJ oD;jcm;aev#if
e,fpyfa'o wkd;wufa&;twGuf txl;axmufyHhaiGvkdor# xkwfay;rnfponfjzifh zsm;a,mif;
I aoG;cGJ&efud;pm;=uao;onf?
3? ArmjynfrESifh ruGJruGmyl;wGJI vGwfvyfa&;,l&ef oEMdmefcsxm;aom &Srf;jynfudk,fpm;vS,f
rsm;onf e,fcsJ@. aoG;cGJr_udk vufrcH/ wkdif;jynfyv$wfawmfokd@ qufvufyg0ifaqmif&GufcJh=u
onf?
4? wkdif;jynfyv$wfawmfodk@ wufa&mufvmaom &Srf;jynfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf (1) EkdifiHa&;t
awG@tuHEke,fjcif; (2) Oya'yr_vkyfief;rsm;em;rvnfjcif;/ (3) wESpftwGif;vkH;0 vGwfvyfa&;
twGuf aZm}uD;aejcif; (4) trdsK;om;acgif;aqmif}uD;rsm; usqkH;ukefI tcsif;csif;aoG;pnf;nD
!Gwfa&;udk qENjyif;jyaejcif;wkd@a=umifh tajccHOya'jymef;csufESifh pum;vkH;rsm;ukd cyfayghaygh
yifvufcHcJh=uonf?
1 (u) ttajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 14?

(c) zqyv y%mrnDvmcHu twnfyvufcHcJhaom tajccHOya'rl=urf;wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH wGif yg0if&r!fh jynfe,frsm;udk
azmfjyxm;+yD; xkde,frsm;udkvnf; jynfaxmifpkjynfe,f (union state) udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyf&jynfe,ff (autonomous state) ESifh vlrsdK;pk
jynfe,f (national areas) rsm;[k cGJjcm;r!fhoabm azmfjyxm;ojzifh jynfe,frsm;tm;tqifhtwef;cJGjcm;&ef }uH&G,fcJhonf[k
pGyfpGJxm;jcif;jzpfayonf? odk@aomfwkdif;jynfyv$wfawmfwGif tajccHOya'ESifhywfoufo!fh vrf;!Gefjymef;csuftqkdudk AdkvfcsKyf
atmifqef;uwifoGif;aomtcg zqyv y%mrnDvmcHu vufcHtwnfyxm;aom tajccHOya'rl=urf;ygtcsuftcsdK@udk
jyifqifI wifoGif;cJhonf? xkdodk@jyifqifI wifoGif;a=umif;udkvnf; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;udkwkdifu rlvyXrwkef;u u|efawmf
wifoGif;&r!fhtqdk[m zqyv yXrnDvmcHwkef;u qkH;jzwfcJhwJhtqkdbJjzpfygw,f? odk@aomfvnf; tJh'Dtqkdudk bwf=u!fhwJhtcg
jyifpm&mvkdaewJ@tcsdK@tcsufawGudk awG@&ygw,f? tJ'DqkH;jzwfcsufrludk u|efawmfjyifqifxm;ygw,f? tJ'Dawmh
'DzGJ@pnf;r!fhEkdifiHawmfrSm b,fe,fawG/ b,fe,fawGygr,fqkdwm u|efawmfwkd@ ususee owfrSwf+yD;om;rjzpfEkdfifao; ygbl;?
u|efawmfwkd@rlv zqyv nDvmcHrSmwifwJhtqkdrSmawmh e,fawGazmfjyx!fhxm;ygw,f? tJ'g u|efawmfwkd@trSwfwrJh x!fhxm;
rd'gygbJ? aemufjyefpOf;pm;=u!hfawmhrS jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHxJ 'De,fawG0if+yD;om;jzpfoGm;rnfvmqkd+yD; pOf;pm;rd'gESifh zwfypfcJh+yD;
tckvkd omrnqkdxm;jcif;jzpfygw,f [kajym=um;cJhonf?
jrefrmEkdifiHawmfwkdif;jynfy v$wfawmfnDvmcHrSwfwrf;/ pmwGJ 1/
pnf;a0;rSwfwrf; 4 / &efukef/ jrefrmEkdifiHawmftpkd;& pmykHEdSyfwkduf/ 1947/ pm 73-83?
aemifudkum;v#if wkdif;jynfyv$wfawmf 14 [k!Gef;rnf?
-7-
5? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ajym=um;o!fhtwkdif; Oya'pum;vkH;xuf/ pdwf"gwfudk,kH=unfudk;pm;cJh

onf? vGwfvyfa&;&&Sd+yD;o!fhaemuf aoG;csi;f om;csif;awG Oya'pum;vkH;awGudkom twd
tus t"dy`g,faumufjcif;/ t=uyfudkifjcif;rsm; yvkyfvdrfhrnfr[kwf[k ,lqcJh=uonf?
6? &Srf;jynfe,fudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf acgif;aqmif}uD;rsm; usqkH;ukefI a=uuGJ0rf;enf;jzpfaeonf
vnf;wa=umif; acgif;aqmif}uD;rsm;csxm;ay;oGm;o!fh vrf;pOftwkdif; vGwfvyfa&;aqmvsif
pGm&,lvkdIwa=umif;/ vGwfvyfa&;&&Sd+yD;o!fhaemuf aoG;csif;om;csif; tcsif;csif; rl;wif;yJ
wif; aps;qpft=uyfudkifr_rsm; vkyfudkif=uvdrfhrnf[k rxifjrifcJh=uI wa=umif;
(1) Armjynfe,frzGJ@pnf;bJ jynfaxmifpkwaygif;wpnf;wnf;zGJ@pnf;xm;jcif;jzifh/ &Srf;jynfe,f
tbdk@ tb,fr#epfemrnfudkrawG;awmcJh=uay;? (2) uae'g ykHpHtwdkif;tm%mcGJa0ay;jcif;jzifh
&Srf;jynfe,fonf *k%foduQmuif;rJhum arsmufavmif;b0 jyefvnfa&muf&Sdrnfudkvnf; em;
vnfcJh=uay?
7? txufygtcsufrsma=umifh &Srf;jynfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;. udk,fpm;awmifykdifapmfbGm;}uD;u
tajccHOya'ukd vd_ufvSJpGmaxmufcHvkdufayonf?1
&Srf;jynfe,frS wifoGif;aom tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;tykdif;okH;wGif tajccHOya'ygpum;vkH;
rsm;ESifh jymef;csuftcsdK@udk tao;pdwfa0zefaqG;aEG;I jyifqifoifhonfrsm;udk jyifqif&ef t}uHay;xm;
onf? xkdodk@aqG;aEG;&mwGif tajccHOya'ed'gef;yg e,fpyfa'orsm;qkdo!fh pum;vkH;rSpI aqG;aEG;xm;onf?
tajccHOya'ed'gef;wGif e,fpyfa'orsm;ESifh u&ifeDe,frsm;t0iftyg jrefrmEkdifiH. EkdifiHom;rsm;jzpf=uaom
u|Efkyfwkd@onf[k yg&Sdojzifh e,fpyfa'orsm; qkdo!fh tokH;tE_ef;rSm atmufusaemufusoabmaqmif
aeI xkdpum;&yftpm; &Srf;jynf/ ucsifjynf/ u&ifjynf/ u,m;jynfESifh csif;jynf[k tpm;xkd;oifha=umif;t
}uHyxm;onf? xkdaemuf zqyv y%mrnDvmcHwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u wpfjynfaxmifpepf (unitary
state) zGJ@pnf;&efroifhawmfa=umif; twdtvif;ajym=um;cJhojzifhvGwfvyfaom jynfrsm;jzifh pkaygif;zGJ@pnf;
xm;aom jynfaxmifpkqkdo!fhoabmukd tajccHOya'ed'ge;f wGif yDyDjyifjyifx!hfoGif;azmfjyxm;oifha=umif;
vnf;wifjyxm;onf?2
tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;wGif tajccHOya'yk'fr * udk y,fzsuf&efvnf;t}uHyxm;onf?
tajccHOya'yk'fr * u
yk'fr 180 &Sdjymef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef@usifapbJ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH&Sd usefe,fajrtm;vkH;ESifh
oufqkdifaom Oya'yr_tm%m tkyfcsKyfr_tm%m w&m;pD&ifr_tm%m tm;vkH;udk jynfaxmifpk
jrefrmEkdfifiH. vkyfief;tzGJ@rsm;ESifh t&m&Sdrsm;uomv#ifaomfif;/ xkdtzGJ@rsm;ESifh t&m&Sdrsm;. tcGifh
tm%mt&omv#ifaomfif;/ okH;pGJEkdif&rnf3
[kqkdxm;onf? xkdyk'fr.tcsKyfoabmrSm jynfaxmifpk. tm%mrsm;udkjrefrmjynfruom ud;ukdifxm;+yD;
jrefrmjynfrtwGufom okH;cGifh&Sda=umif;oufa&mufaeojzifh jynfaxmifppfppfrludk vufcHrnfqkdv#if Tyk'f
rudky,fzsuf&rnf? Tyk'fr r&Sdv#ifjrefrmjynfonf jynfe,fwpfe,fjzpfoGm;rnf? xkdodk@jzpfvmv#if tajccH
1 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 14 - 15?
3 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'/ yk'fr *?
-8-
Oya'u jynfe,frsm;. tcGifhta&;rsm;udk rnfr#csKyfcs,fxm;onf qkdonfudkvnf; jrefrmjynfru

vufawG@cHpm;&ayrnf[kvnf; aqG;aEG;wifjyxm;onf?1
tajccHOya'yk'fr 9 yg EkdifiHawmf [laompum;ESifhywfoufI t"dy`g,fESifhusifhokH;r_wGif r&Sif;
vif;ykHukdvnf; tajccHOya'jyiffqifa&;pmwrf;wGif a0zefaqG;aEG;xm;.? tajccHOya' yk'fr 9 rSm atmufyg
twkdif;jzpfonf?
Ttcef;2 ESifhtcef; 33/ tcef; 44 wkd@wGif EkdifiHawmf[laom pum;.qkdvkd&if;rSm a&S@aemufp
um;wkd@. t"dy`g,fudkaxmufI jynfaxmifpkEkdifiH. odk@wnf;r[kwf oufqkdif&mjynfaxmifpktzGJ@
0if. tkyfcsKyfr_tcGifhtm%mudkaomfif; Oya'yr_tcGifhtm%mukdaomfif; qkdvkdonf?5
TwGif EkdifiHawmf[laompum;&yfonf t"dy`g,fr&Sif;vif;o!fhtwGuf tcsdK@ae&mrsm;wGif
jynfe,fESifhqkdifonfvm;/ jynfrESifhqkdifonfvm;/ jynfaxmifpkESifhqkdifonfvm;[k ruGJjym;a=umif;/ xkd@jyif
tajccHOya'wGifyg&Sdo!fh ta&;}uD;aomyk'frrsm;udk toHk;y&mY jynfe,frsm;ESifhroufqkdifo!fhoabm
oufa&mufaeojzifh &Srf;jynfe,frS&oifho!fh tcGifhta&;rsm; t}uD;tus,f qkH;_H;epfemvsuf&Sda=umif;/
EkdifiHawmfqkdo!fh pum;&yfESifhywfoufIt*Fvdyfbmomtm;jzifh &Sif;oifhoavmuf &Sif;aomfvnf; jrefrm
bmomtm;jzifh EkdifiHawmfonf jynfe,fudkqkdvkdonf[k oabmraygufa=umif;/ EkdifiHawmfqkdo!fhpum;&yf
udk jynfaxmifpktpdk;&u vkdwpfrsdK;/ rvkdwpfrsdK; t"dy`g,faumuf,laeojzifh rlvtcGifhta&;udpPrsm;udk
aqmif&Guf&ef jynfe,frsm;wGif tm%m&Sdo!fhoabm oufa&mufaea=umif;/ xkd@a=umifhyk'fr 426/ 437 ESifh
448 wkd@udk jynfe,frsm;u aqmif&GufIr&a=umif; tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;wGif wifjyxm;onf?9
tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;wGif tajccHOya'yk'rf 23 (4) ESifh (5) wkd@ESifhywfoufI vufawG@
usifhokH;ykHudkvnf; a0zefaqG;aEG;xm;.? tqkdygyk'fr tykd'fcGJ 4 ESifh 5 wkd@rSm atmufygtwkdif;jzpfonf?
(4) EkdifiHawmfonf jynfol@tudsK;twGufvkdtyfygu ykdif&Siftm;rnfuJhodk@aom udpPrdsK;wGifrnfr#
avsmfa=u;ay;&rnf[kjymef;xm;aom w&m;Oya'ESifhtnDomv#if/ ukd,fykdifypPnf;udk uef@
owfcsKwfcsK,f Ekdifonf? odk@wnf;r[kwf odrf;ykdufEkdifonf?
2 tcef; 2 ? rlvtcGifhta&;rsm;
3 tcef; 3 ? awmifolv,form;rsm;ESifh tvkyform;rsm;twGuf EkdifiHawmf.wm0ef0wfw&m;rsm;
4 tcef; 4 ? EkdifiHawmf. 0g'&nf!$ef;csufrlrsm;
5 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'/ yk'fr 9?
6 yk'fr 42? udk,fusdK;tjrwftpGef;twGufr[kwfbJ/ vkyfukdifaqmif&GufaeaompD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm; ypPnf;aiG;a=u;
taxmuftyHhay;&ef EkdifiHawmfwGif 0g'xm;&SdI xkd0g'twkdif; a&S@_aqmif&Gufrnfh or0g,r tpnf;tkH;rsm;ESifh tvm;wl pD;yGm;a&;
tpnf;tkH;rsm;tm; ykdrdktcGifhta&;ay;&rnf?
7 yk'fr 43? 0dZmynmESifhody`Hynmrsm;/ okawoeESifh ,Ofaus;r_tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ xkd@jyifygdESifh ouUoif=um;a&;wkd@ukd EkdifiHawmfu apmifh
a&SmufaxmufyHh&rnf?
8 yk'fr 44? (1) ? jynfolokH;vkyfief;rsm;udk EkdifiHawmftpdk;&udk,fwkdifuaomfif;/ a'oEW&tzGJ@rsm;uaomfif;/ jynfolwkd@.or0g,r
tpnf;tkH;rsm;uaomfif;/ wnfaxmifvkyfudkifap&ef/ EkdifiHawmftpkd;&Y 0g'xm;&SdI xkd0g'twkdif; a&S@_aqmif&Guf&rnf?
(2) ? jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHawmftwGif;wGif/ "eypPnf;xGufrnfh obm0yif&if;tajctjrpfrsm;udk EkdifiHawmftpdk;&udk,fwkdifu aomfif;/
a'oEW&tzGJ@rsm;uaomfif;/ jynfolwkd@. or0g,r tpnf;tkH;rsm;uaomfif;/ vkyfukdifokH;pGJap&ef EkdifiHawmftpdk;&Y 0g' xm;&SdI/
xkd0g'twkdif; a&S@_aqmif&Guf&rnf?
9 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 17 ?
-9-
(5) txufuazmfjycJhaom aemufqkH;yk'frcGJ&Sd pnf;urf;csufrsm;ESifh rqef@usifv#if/ jynfol@tudsK;

twGufvkdtyfygu/ EkdifiH.pD;yGm;a&;ESifhoufqkdifaom vkyfief;trdsK;rdsK;udkaomfif;/ wOD;wnf;
ykdifvkyfief;rsm;udkaomfif; EkdifiHawmfonf w&m;Oya'jymef;I EkdifiHykdifyEkdifonf? odk@wnf;
r[kwf EkdifiHawmftwGufodfrf;,lEkdifonf?1
txufazmfjyyg pD;yGm;a&;qkdif&m tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh oufqdkifo!fhtm%mudk jynfaxmifpktpkd;&u
om csKyfudkifxm;ojzifh jynfe,frsm;Y txufygtm%mrsm;r&Sd[k ,lqEkdifa=umif;/ &Srf;jynfe,fonf tqkdyg
tcGifhta&;rsm;udk okH;ydkifcGifhtm%mr&Sda=umif;/ &Srf;jynfe,f 0ef}uD;Xmeuom jynfaxmifpktpdk;&udk,fpm;
aqmif&GufEkdifa=umif; xkda=umifh&Srf;jynfe,ftpkd;&onf ypPnf;wpfckckudk &,lvkdaomtcg omreft&yfom;
rsm;enf;wl ta&mif;t0,fyvkyfo!fhenf;jzifhom aqmif&Guf&a=umif;/ odk@aomf jynfaxmifpktpkd;&Xmersm;
u &Srf;jynfe,f&SdypPnf;rsm;udk &,l&mYrl jynfaxmifpktm%mrsm;udkokH;pGJ+yD; jynfe,frsm;tm; rwkdifyifbJ
odrf;,lavh&Sdojzifh jynfe,ftpdk;&tm; ta&;rxm;&ma&mufa=umif;/ Oyrmqkdv#if avmydw v#yfppf
"gwfud;rsm;udk &Srf;jynfe,frSjzwfI txufjrefrmjynfokd@ qufoG,f&mY "gww
f kdifrsm;pdkuf&ef ajrrsm;udk odrf;
,lcJh&mwGif avsmfa=u;ray;o!fhtjyif &Srf;jynfe,ftpdk;&tm;vnf; udwiftoday;jcif;r&Sda=umif; wifjy
xm;onf?2
tajccHOya'yk'fr 30 wGif c|wf,Gif;csuf&SdaeykHudkvnf; tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;wGif azmfjy
xm;.? tajccH Oya'yk'fr 30 wGif
(1) EkdifiHawmfonf ajr,mtm;vkH;. yif&if;ykdif&Sifjzpfonf?
(2) TtajccHOya'.jymef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef@usifapbJ/ ajr,mykdifcGifhpepfrsm;udk pnf;rsOf;wus
jzpfap&efaomfif;/ v$Jajymif;&efaomfif;/ zsufodrf;&efaomfif;/ EkdifiHawmfY tcGifhta&;&Sd&rnf?
odk@wnf;r[kwf rnfo!fhajr,mudkrqkd jyefvnfodrf;,l+yD;v#if/ xkdajr,mudk pkaygif;pkdufydsK;a&;
twGufjzpfap/ or0g,rpkdufydsK;a&;twGufjzpfap/ v,foD;pm;orm;rsm;odk@jzpfap/ a0iSay;&ef
tcGifhta&;&Sd&rnf?
(3) rnfo!fhtajccHpepfESifhr# ajr,mtajrmuftjrm; ykdifqkdifEkdifaom tcGifhr&Sdap&/ wOD;wnf;ykdif
jzpfaomajr,m.trsm;qkH;ajr{u ta&twGufudk ta=umif;nD!Gwfv#if nD!Gwfjcif; w&m;
Oya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnf3
[kyg&Sdonf? Tyk'fryg EkdifiHawmf qkdo!fhpum;&yfonf jynfaxmifpktpkd;&ukdomqkdvkdo!fhoabm
oufa&mufaea=umif;/ ajr,mtm;vkH;.ykdif&Sifjzpfaom EkdifiHawmf onf jynfravm/ jynfe,favmqkd
onfrSm r&Sif;vif;a=umif;/ jynfrajr,mtm;vkH;ukd jynfruykdifI jynfe,fajr,mtm;vHk;ukd jynfe,ftpkd;&
uykdifonfvm;qkdonfrSmvnf; r&Sif;vif;a=umif;/ EkdifiHawmf[laompum;&yfonf jynfrudkom&nf!$ef;
onfqkdv#if jynfe,frsm;twGif;&Sd ajr,mrsm;udkyif jynfruykdifqkdifo!fhoabm oufa&mufaea=umif;/ &Srf;
jynfe,fwGif ajr,mcsxm;a&;ESifh ajr,myjyifajymif;vJa&;rsm;udk &Srf;jynfe,fuvkyfykdifcGifhr&Sda=umif;/ vGwf
vyfa&;r&rDu &Srf;jynfe,fuykdifqkdifaomajr,mrsm;ESifh ywfoufIvnf;aumif;/ &Srf;jynfe,fvlxktwGuf
ajr,mv$Jajymif;jcif;/ ajr,mpGef@v$wfjcif;/ ajr,mqufcHjcif;/ ajr,mvufvGwfr_rSumuG,fjcif; po!fhpnf;
3 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'/ yk'fr 30 ?
- 10 -
urf;owfrSwfa&;ESifhywfoufIvnf;aumif;/ &Srf;jynfe,ftwGuf qkH;_H;v#uf&Sdaea=umif;vnf;wifjyxm;

.?1
tajccHOya'yk'fr 31 wGif
1? pD;yGm;a&;Yolwyg;udkepfemapI udk,fusdK;&Smjcif;rSumqD;a&;twGuf/ rdrdwkd@tcsif;csif; aygif;oif;
zGJ@pnf;Ekdif=uap&ef tvkyform;rsm;tm; EkdifiHawmfonf pD;yGg;a&;qkdif&maqmif&Gufcsufjzifhif;/
tjcm;aqmif &Gufjcif;jzifhif; ulnDEkdifonf?
2? tvkyform;rsm;tm;pnf;kH;ykdifcGifhay;ap&efif;/ tvkyfvkyfaomtcsdefem&Dwkd@udk uef@owfap&ef
if;/ ESpfpOftm;vyf&ufrsm;&cGifh&Sdatmif pDrHap&efif;/ tvkyfcGifESifhtajctaeudk aumif;rGef
atmifyap&efif;/ &nf&G,fI/ EkdifiHawmfonf Oya'yay;jcif;jzifh/ tvkyform;rsm;udk umuG,f
apmifha&Smuf&rnf? xkd@jyif ta=umif;nD!Gwfv#if nD!Gwfjcif; aecif;xkdifcif;ESifh axmufyHhr_
tmrcHpepfwkd@twGuf pDrHcsufrsm;udktm;ay;jcif;jzifhvnf; umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&rnf2
[kqkdxm;.? xkdyk'frESifh ywfoufI&Srf;jynfe,ffwGif erRwlabmfwGif; tvkyform;rsm;om Oya'yg tcGifht
a&;rsm;udk cHpm;&+yD; tjcm;aomomreftvkyform;rsm;rSm jrefrmjynfr&Sd tvkyform;rsm;uJhokd@ cHpm;cGifhr&
a=umif;/ &Srf;jynfe,ftpdk;&onf tvkyform;rsm;. tusdK;twGufaqmif&Gufay;Edkifo!fh tcGifhtm%mr&Sd
a=umif; wifjyxm;onf? tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;wGif tajccHOya' yk'fr 91 t& a'oqkdif&mudk,f
pm;vS,ftzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf;o!fhudpPukdvnf; a0zefaqG;aEG;xm;onf?
tqkdyg yk'fr 91 u
odk@&mwGif a'otvkdufudk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh &Sdonf[laom &nf&G,fcsufoabmw&m;udk tajccHI
w&m;Oya'jzifh owfrSwfxm;aom a'oqkdif&mudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@rsm;odk@/ tkyfcsKyfa&;udpP/ ,Ofaus;
r_udpP/ pD;yGm;a&;udpPrsm;twGuf txift&Sm;azmfjyxm;aom tm%mrsm;udkv$Jay;&ef/ w&m;Oya'
jzifhjymef;csufyEkdifonf? xkdjymef;csufrsm;yg0ifaom w&m;Oya'onf/ xkdudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@rsm;.
tcGifhta&;rsm;tm%mrsm;ESifh wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkif;/ xkdtzGJ@rsm;ESifhygvDrefwkd@. qufqHa&;udk
if;/ xkdtzGJ@rsm;ESifh jynfaxmifpktpkd;&wkd@. qufqHa&;udkif;owfrSwf&rnf3
[kqkdxm;onf? Tyk'frt& a'oqkdif&mudk,fpm;vS,frsm;zGJ@jcif;onf jynfe,faumifpDwkd@. *k%foduQmudk
xcdkufa=umif;/ &Srf;jynfe,frS a'oqkdif&mudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@rsm;odk@ tkyfcsKyfa&;udpP/ ,Ofaus;r_udpPESifh
pD;yGm;a&;udpPrsm;twGuf tm%mrsm;v$Jay;&efudpPudk ygvDrefuom Oya'yvkyfcGifh&Sdojzifh &Srf;jynfe,ft
aejzifh auseyfzG,fr[kwfa=umif;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;udpPudk a'oqkdif&mudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@rsm;odk@ jynfaxmifpkygvD
refu v$Jtyfay;rnfqkdv#ifvnf; &Srf;jynfe,fwGif pifydiftpd;& wnfaxmifay;&ma&mufrnfjzpfa=umif;rsm;
aqG;aEG;wifjyxm;.?4
tajccHOya'yk'fr 92 (3) wGif
1 (u) tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 17 - 18?
(c) ajr,m/ ajrcGefawmfESifh ajr,mwdk;wuf}uD;yGm;a&;/ trawmfa=u;udpPrsm;onf jynfe,fOya'ypm&if;wGifygaomfvnf; 1953 ckESpf
v,f,majrEkdifiHykdifyvkyfa&; tufOya'onf jrefrmwpfEkdifiHvkH;ESifh oufqkdifonf[kqkdxm;.? 1953 ckESpf v,f,majrEkdifiHykdifyvkyaf &;
tufOya' tcef; 1 / tykd'f 2?
- 11 -
rnfo!fhjynfe,faumifpDrqkd/ rdrd.e,fajrrsm;udkaomfif;/ tm%mrsm;udkaomfif;/ tcGifh

ta&;rsm;udkaomfif; jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHokd@ qkH;jzwfcsufcsI jyeftyfEkdifonf
[kazmfjyxm;ojzifh jynfe,faumifpDrsm;u rdrdwkd@.e,fajrrsm;udkvnf;aumif; tm%mrsm;udkvnf;aumif;
qkH;jzwfcsufcsI jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmfodk@ jyeftyfEkdifaomfvnf; ygvDrefur_ jynfr.e,fajrwpfpdwf
wpfa'oudkvnf;aumif;/ tcGifhtm%mwpfpdwfwpfa'oudkvnf;aumif; jynfe,frsm;odk@ cGJa0ay;cGifhr&Sd
a=umif;/ jzpfoifhonfrSm xkdupPrsm;udkaqmif&Guf&mwGif tzJG@0ifjynfe,frsm;. oabmwlnDr_jzifhom aqmif
&Gufoifha=umif;wifjyxm;onf? jynfaxmifpktpdk;&ESifh jynfe,ftpkd;&wkd@. tm%mcGJa0xm;ykHrSm rlvuyif
wpfzufapmif;eif;jzpfaeay&m jynfe,frsm;uif;wkd@. vuf&Sdtm%mrsm;udk jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tm; jyeftyf
rnfqkdygu pmuav;tarG;EkwfouJhodk@jzpfum jynfe,frsm;onf tm%mvufrJhb0odk@ usa&muf&ayrnf
[k okH;oyfwifjyxm;.?1
tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;wGif tajccHOya'yk'fr 93 ESifh ywfoufI &Srf;jynfe,f. rauseyf
csufudkvnf; azmfjyxm;onf? tajccHOya'yk'fr 93 u
jynfaxmifpkOya'ypm&if;wGif opfawmudpP/ owWKwGif;udpP/ a&eHajrudpP/ owWKwl;azmfyjyifa&;
udpP pnf;rsOf;owfrSwfykdifcGifhyg&Sdonfjzpfaoma=umifh jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHuokH;pGJykdifcGifh&Sdaom tm%m
rsm;udkoHk;pGJ&mY xkdopfawmrsm;/ owWKwGif;rsm; a&eHajrrsm;udk vkyfudkifokH;pGJap&efaomfif;/ wkd;
wufatmifyap&efaomfif;/ tokH;csap&efaomfif; vufrSwfudk/ okd@wnf;r[kwf vkdifpifukd/
odk@wnf;r[kwf tcGifhtm%mv$Jtyfaom tjcm;enf;ukd xkwfray;rD/ xkdodk@xkwfay;aom tm%m
ykdifonf/ oufqkdif&me,ftwGuf cef@xm;jcif;cH&aom jynfaxmifpktpkd;&tzGJ@0if 0ef}uD;ESifh !dE_dif;
wkdifyif&rnf2
[kqkdxm;o!fhtcsufESifhywfoufI jynfe,frsm;.tzdk;wefjzpfaomopfawmypPnf;/ owWKypPnf;ESifh a&eH
rsm;xkwf,lokH;pGJcGifhudk jynfruomcsKyfudkifxm;jcif;/ oufqkdif&mjynfe,f0ef}uD;ESifh!dE_dif;wkdfifyif&rnf[k
qkdxm;aomfvnf; jynfrtm%mykdifrsm;. qkH;jzwfcsufonfom aemufqkH;twnfjzpf&ef&Sdjcif;wkd@ukd raus
eyfa=umif;azmfjyxm;.? xkdodk@o,HZwypPnf;rsm; xkwf,lokH;pGJcGifhonf oufqkdif&mjynfe,ftpdk;&.
tm%mtwGif;om jzpfoifha=umif;vnf; wifjyxm;.?3
tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;wGif tajccHOya'yk'fr 94 (1) udkvnf; a0zefaqG;aEG;xm;onf?
tajccHOya'yk'fr 94 (1) wGif
ppfa=umifhjzpfap/ EkdifiHwGif;qlylr_a=umifhjzpfap/ jynfaxmifpkEkdifiH. wnfwhHr_udk tEW&m,fjzpfaptHh
aom txl;ta&;w}uD;tajctaejzpfay:ae+yD[lIaomfif;/ jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHudk xkdcdkufaeaom
pD;yGm;a&; ta&;w}uD;tajconf/ jynfaxmifpkEkdifiH. wpdwfwa'oY ay:aygufae+yD;[lIaomfif;/
EkdifiHawmforwu (TtajccHOya'wGif ta&;w}uD;ausnmcsuf[k !$ef;xm;aom) ausnmcsuf
w&yfukd xkwfjyefcJhaomf/ yk'fr 92 wGif rnfodk@yifqdkxm;apumrl/ jynfe,fOya'ypm&if;wGif
- 12 -
oD;jcm;a&wGufxm;aom udpPwckckESifh pyfvsO;f I/ jynfe,fwe,ftwGufaomfif;/ jynfe,f.

wpdwfwa'otwGufaomfif;/ Oya'rsm;udky&efygvDrefwGif tm%m&Sdrnf1
[kazmfjyxm;onf? &Srf;jynfawmifykdif;ppftkyfcsKyfa&; tawG@tuHt&vnf;aumif;/ EkdifiHawmforRwqkdo!fh
pum;&yfrSm jynfaxmifpkumuG,fa&;/ jynfxJa&;po!fh 0ef}uD;Xmersm;udkqkdvkdojzifh vkdtyfIta&;w}uD;
a=unmxkwfjyef&mY &Srf;jynfe,faumifpDodk@r[kwf &Srf;jynfe,ftpdk;&. oabmwlnDcsuf &,l&rnf[k
azmfjyxm;jcif;r&SdykHudkvnf;aumif; axmufjyxm;onf?2
tajccHOya'yk'fr 96 udkvnf; tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;wGif a0zefaqG;aEG;xm;onf? tajccH
Oya'yk'fr 96 rSm atmufygtwkdif;jzpfonf?
1? TtajccHOya'&Sd pwkwZ,m;Y a&wGufazmfjyxm;aomtcGefwGufyif&if;rsm;rS&rnfhtcGefawmf
tm;vkH;onfjynfe,fYaomfif;/ jynfe,fuaomfif;/ aumufcH&&Sdaomjynfe,f. tcGefawmf
aiGwGif yg0if&rnf?
2? wqufwnf;jzpfaom txufyk'frcGJt&/ jynfe,frsm;odk@cGJa0v$Jtyfxm;aom tcGefawmfrsm;rS
vGJI/ tcGefawmftm;vkH;onf/ jynfaxmifpkEkdifiH. tcGefawmfwGifyg0if&rnf?
cGif;csuf?
? TudpPtwGufcef@xm;aom tzGJ@wckck./ odk@wnf;r[kwf tjcm;tm%mykdifwck
ck. axmufcHcsufrsm;t& axmufyHh&efvkdtyfonf[k qkH;jzwfowfrSwfaom taxmuftyHhaiG
rsm;udk jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHawmftpkd;&onf rdrd.tcGefawmfrsm;rSxkwfI/ jynfaxmifpktzGJ@0ifrsm;
. tpdk;&rsm;tm;ay;Ekdifonf?3
tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;wGif tajccHOya'yk'fr 154 (1) yg aumifpDqkdo!fhpum;udk
jynfe,fOya'yv$wfawmfqkdo!fh pum;jzifhtpm;xkd;oifha=umif;vnf; wifjyxm;onf? tajccHOya'yk'f
r 154 (1) wGif
ygvDref. &Srf;jynfe,fqkdif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vkH;yg0ifo!fh &Srf;jynfe,faumifpDudk zGJ@pnf;
&rnf4
[kazmfjyxm;onf? aumifpD[laompum;rSm t*Fvdyfpum;jzpfaeI roifhawmfa=umif;ESifh jynfe,faumifpD
tpm; jynfe,fOya'yv$wfawmf[kac:v#if oifhawmfrnfjzpfa=umif;vnf; wifjyxm;onf?5
tajccHOya'yk'fr 160 ESifhywfoufI vufawG@usifhokH;&mwGif tcuftcJ&SdykHukdvnf; tajccHOya'
jyiffqifa&;pmwrf;wGif wifjyxm;onf? tajccHOya'yk'fr 160 wGif
1 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHajccHOya'/ yk'fr 94?

2 tajccHOya' jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 19?
- 13 -
0ef}uD;csKyfonf/ &Srf;jynfe,faumifpDESifh!dEd_if;wkdifyifI/ ygvDref. &Srf;jynfe,fqkdif&m udk,fpm;vS,f

trwfrsmteuf/ trwfwOD;OD;. trnfudk wifoGif;aomtcg/ xkdodk@trnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&aom
trwfudk EkdifiHawmforwonf atmufwGif &Srf;jynfe,f0ef}uD; [kac:wGif&rnfjzpfaom jynf
axmifpktpdk;&tzGJ@0if 0ef}uD;tjzpfjzifh cef@xm;&rnf? xkdodk@cef@xm;jcif;cH&aom 0ef}uD;onf/ T
tajccHOya'. udpPrsm;twGuf &Srf;jynfe,f OuUvnf;jzpf&rnf1
[kqkdxm;.? Tyk'frt& EkdifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyfonf jynfe,faumifpDESifh!dEd_if;wkdifyifI &Srf;jynfe,f0ef}uD;
(jynfe,fOuU) udkcef@xm;&rnf[k qkdaomfvnf; jynfe,faumifpDu raxmufcHaom trwfwpfOD;udk EkdifiH
awmf0ef}uD;csKyfu jynfe,f0ef}uD;cef@Ekdifonf[k w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfu qkH;jzwfcsufvnf;&Sdaea=umif;2/
jynfe,faumifpDuoabmrwloludk EkdifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyfucef@tyfojzifh jynfe,fOuUtjzpfvufcH&rnf
qkdv#if tkyfcsKyfa&;Y tcuftcJrsm;awG@EkdifouJhokd@ EkdifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyftaeESifhvnf; rdrdoabmrus
olwpfa,mufudk EkdifiHawmftpkd;&tzGJ@0iftjzpf cef@tyf&ef rnfo!fhenf;ESifhr#vufcHEkdifrnfr[kwfa=umif;/
tqkdyg jy\emudkajyvnfapo!fhenf;rSm jynfaxmifpkppfppf zGJ@pnf;a&;omjzpfa=umif; &Sif;vif;wifjy
xm;onf?3
tajccHOya'jyifa&;pmwrf;wGif a0zefaqG;aEG;xm;o!fh tjcm;yk'frwpfckrSm yk'fr 162 (1) / (2) ESifh
(3) jzpfonf? if;yk'fr 162wGif
(1) TtajccHOya'&Sd jymef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef@usifhapbJ/ jynfe,f. tkyfcsKyfr_tcGifhtm%monf/
jynfe,faumifpDu w&m;Oya'yykdifaom udpPrsm;odk@ oufa&mufjyef@ESH@onftkyfcsKyfr_tcGifh
tm%mudk okH;pGJ&mwGif/ jynfe,fOuUonf aumifpD.qkH;jzwfcsufudk vkdufem&rnf?
(2) jynfe,fqkdif&m tjcm;udpPtm;vkH;wGif/ jynfe,fOuUonf jynfe,faumifpDESifh !dEd_if;wkdifyif&
rnf?
(3) &Srf;jynfe,faumifpD. qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifh xifjrifcsufrsm;udkjynfe,fOuUxHodk@ wifjy&mwGif
vG,fulpdrfhaomiSg/ jynfe,faumifpDonf a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;onfaemuf/ yXrt}udrfusif;yaom
tpnf;ta0;wGif/ aumifpDtrwfrsm;xJrSaomfif;/ aumifpDtrwfr[kwfolrsm;xJrSaomfif;/
a&G;cs,fI/ jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ@udk zGJ@pnf;&rnf? xkdtpkd;&tzGJ@onf jynfe,fOuUudk tvkyf0wf
w&m;rsm; aqmif&Guf&mwGif ulnD&ef/ t}uHay;&efjzpfonf4
2 (u) oef@&Sif;ESifhwnf+rJ[k zqyv uGJoGm;aomtcg wnf+rJ zqyvtrwfrsm;jzpf=uaom a'gufwm apmvSxGef;ESifh OD;Zefxmqifwkd@
0ef}uD;tjzpfrS EkwfxGufoGm;=uonf? xkdvpfvyfoGm;aom 0ef}uD;ESpfae&mtwGuf OD;Eku OD;apmvl;vlukd u&ifjynfe,f0ef}uD;ESifh
'l0gaZmf&pfudk ucsifjynfe,f0ef}uD;tjzpf jynfe,faumifpDrsm;ESifh udwif!dEd_if;jcif;r&SdbJ cef@tyfcJhonf? OD;Ek. xkdokd@aqmif&u
G f
csufonf w&m;0if r0if EkdifiHawmforRwu w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfokd@ ar;jref;cJh.? xkdtcg w&m;a&;Xme0ef}uD; a'gufwmOD;{armif
. atmufyg&Sif;vif;csufudk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfu vufcHcJhonf?
tajccHOya'yk'fr 115 wGif tpkd;&tzGJ@onf jynfol@v$wfawmftm; tzGJ@vkdufpkaygif;wm0efcH&rnf qkdonfhpum;t& 0ef}uD;
cskyfonf rdrd. 0ef}uD;tzGJ@0if 0ef}uD;rsm;ukd a&G;cs,fcef@tyfcGifh &Sda=umif;ESifh0ef}uD;csKyfonf jynfe,faumifpDESifh !dE_dif;wdkifyifI
jynfe,f0ef}uD;udk cef@tyf&rnf qkdonfrSmvnf; vrf;!GefcsufomjzpfI trdef@r[kwfa=umif; a'gufwmOD;{armifu &Sif;vif;wifjy
cJhonf?
Dr. Maung Maung, Burma's Constitution comes to life. Madras, Diocesan Press, (n.d). Reprinted form the
Indian Year Book of International Affairs, 1958.
(c) OD;Zefxmqif/ 'Drkdua&pDajymif;jyef/ &efukef/ eH@omykHEdSyfvkyfief;/ 1990/ azazmf0g&Dv/ pm 65 - 67? aemifudk;um;v#if OD;Zefxmqif/
'Drdkua&pDajymif;jyef [k!$ef;rnf?
- 14 -
[kjymef;xm;onf? TOya'ykd'f (1) t& jynfe,fOuUonf tkyfcsKyfr_tcGifhtm%mudkokH;&mwGif aumifpD

.qkH;jzwfcsufudk vkdufem&rnf[k qkdxm;ojzifh tkyfcsKyfr_tcGifhtm%mokH;pGJwkdif; aumifpD.qkH;jzwfcsufudk
&,lEkdif&efaumifpDonf ae@pOfae@wkdif; pnf;a0;ae&rnfhoabm jzpfaea=umif;/ tykd'f (3) t& jynfe,fOuU
u oabmwlonfjzpfap/ rwlonfjzpfap jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ@0ifrsm;udk aumifpDua&G;cs,fEkdifonfrSmvnf;
enf;vrf;ruso!fhjyif jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ@0ifrsm;. tm%mrnfr#&Sdonfudkvnf; pOf;pm;Ir&a=umif;rsm;
wifjyxm;onf?1
tajccHOya'yk'fr 164 (2) udkvnf; tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;wGif a0zefxm;onf? tajccH
Oya'yk'fr 164 (2) u
jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. taxmuftyHhaiGESifhpyfvsO;f I/ jynfaxmifpktpkd;&u owfrSwfaompnf;urf;
csufrsm;ESifh rqef@usifapbJ/ jynfe,faumifpDonf jynfe,f.bwf*sufudk vufcHtwnfyEkdif&ef
tm%m&Sd&rnf? xkdpnf;urf;csufrsm;twkdif;/ jynfe,faumifpDu usepGmvkdufema=umif; EkdifiHawmf
orRwtm;/ auseyfEkdifap&ef jynfe,f. bwf*sufudk jynfaxmifpktpkd;&. bwf*swufwGifxnfh
oGif;azmfjy&rnf2
[kqkdxm;.? Tyk'frESifhywfoufI aqG;aEG;xm;onfrSm jynfe,frsm;u &oifh&xkdufaomtcsdK;usaiG
xufydkI jynfaxmifptpdk;&u ay;&aomaiGonfom axmufyHhaiGjzpfI xkdaxmufyHhaiGESifhpyfvsOf;I
pnf;urf;csufrsm;owfrSwfoifhaomfvnf; jynfe,frsm;u tcsdK;us&oifh&xkdufo!fhaiGESifh ywfoufI pnf;
urf;csufrsm; rxm;oifha=umif; aqG;aEG;wifjyxm;onf?3
tajccHOya'yk'fr 219 udkvnf; tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;wGif aqG;aEG;xm;onf? tajccH
Oya' yk'fr 219 wGif
opfawmfajrESifh owWKajrrsm;/ opfawmrsm;/ a&/ wHigvkyfief; trsdK;rdsK;qkdif&ma'orsm;/ owWKrsm;/
ausmufrD;aoG; a&eHESifh tjcm;wGif;xGufqDrsm;/ "gwftm;xGufrnfhyif&if; tajctjrpfrsm;ESifh tjcm;
obm0yif&if;tajctjrpfrsm;udk/ jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHu vkyfudkifokH;pGJIwkd;wufatmify&rnf odk@&m
wGif jynfaxmifpkEkdifiH. tudsK;pD;yGm;tvkd@igS / ygvDref.tufOya't& jymef;xm;aom oD;jcm;
jcGif;csufrsm;ESifh rqef@usifv#if/ jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHonf txufygwkd@udk vkyfudkifokH;pGJEkdifaom/
wkd;wufatmifyEkdifaom/ tokH;csEkdifaomtcGifhta&;udk/ jynfaxmifpEkdifiHom;rsm;tm;ay;Ekdif
onf? odk@wnf;r[kwf jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHom;rsm;xHrS tenf;qkH; &mckdifE_ef; 60 r#yg0ifo!fh aiG&if;
&Sdaom ukr`%Drsm;odk@ aomfif;/ xkduJhokd@aom tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;okd@ aomfif;/ ay;Ekdifonf4
[kjymef;xm;onf? Tyk'frt& jynfe,frsm;twGif;&Sd opfawmajr/ owWKajr/ opfawmrsm;/ owWKrsm;/
ausmufrD;aoG;/ a&/ wHigvkyfief;trsdK;rdsK;/ a&eHESifh tjcm;wGif;xGufqDrsm;/ "gwftm;xGfurnfhyif&if;tajct
jrpfrsm;ESifh tjcm;obm0yif&if;tajctjrpfrsm;udk jynfaxmifpkEkdifiH[kac:aom jrefrmjynfuom vkyfudkif
- 15 -
okH;pGJ wkd;wufatmif y&onfqkdonfrSm w&m;r#wr_r&Sda=umif;ESifh jrefrmjynfwGif;&Sd opfawmajr/ owWKajr/

opfawm/ owWK/ rD;aoG;/ a&eHtp&Sdaom yif&if;tajctjrpfrsm;udkyg jynfaxmifpkpfppftpdk;&u vkyfukdifI
tcGefawmfESifh tjrwfrsm;udk jrefrmjynf/ &Srf;jynf/ ucsifjynf/ u,m;jynfESifh u&ifjynfwkd@cGJa0cHpm;=urnfqkd
v#if oifhawmfrnfjzpfa=umif; wifjyxm;onf?1
tajccHOya'ESifhywfoufI jynfe,ftm;vkH;u rauseyfo!fhudpPrSm tajccHOya'yk'fr 222 ESifh
ouffqkdifonf[kvnf; tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;wGif wifjyxm;onf? tajccHOya'yk'fr 222 wGif
a&S@aemufpum;wkd@. t"dy`g,fukd axmufxm;&efrvkdv#if/ TtajccHOya'Yyg&Sdaom atmufyg
pum;&yfwkd@onf azmfjyxm;aom t"dy`g,fudkaqmifonf?
qkdvkd&if;rSm
jynfaxmiftzGJ@0if[lonfrSm
(u) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHwGif tzGJ@0ifwcktjzpfjzifh zGJ@pnf;yg0ifaom jynfe,fudkaomfif;/
(c) jynfe,f.wpdwfwa'otjzpf rzGJ@pnf;ryg0ifaom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH&Sd usefe,fajrtm;
vkH;ukdaomfif;/ qkdvkdonf2
[kyg&Sdonf? Tyk'frt& jrefrmjynfonf jynfaxmifpktzGJ@0ifjynfe,fwpfckjzpfaomfvnf; vufawG@wGifrl
jynfe,fwpfcktaejzifh r,lqbJ jynfaxmifpktpkd;&EkdifiH [laomtrnfukdcH,lI jynfaxmifpkppfppftpdk;
&. tm%mrsm;udk jrefrmjynfru okH;pGJaeayonf? xkdodk@jrefrmjynfru tjcm;jynfe,frsm;tay:
jynfaxmifpktpkd;&taejzifh v$rf;rdk;aejcif;onf jynfe,ftm;vkH;u rauseyfp&mjzpfapo!fh ta=umif;rSef
jzpfonf[kvnf; wifjyxm;onf?3
tajccHOya'jymef;csuftcsdK@udk a0zefaqG;aEG;I jyifqifoifhonfrsm;udk jyifqif&ef t}uHay;xm;
o!fhtjyif tajccHOya'yg wwd,Z,m;? pm&if; 1 jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHOya'ypm&if;ESifh ywfoufI &Srf;jynf
e,fu rauseyfo!fhtcsufrsm;udkvnf; tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;wGif azmfjyxm;onf? wwd,
Z,m;? pm&if; 1 jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHOya'ypm&if;wGif
1?
? umuG,fa&;?
? qkdvkd&if;rSm a,bk,stm;jzifh EkdifiHumuG,fa&;twGuf
pDrHjyifqifjcif;/ ppfwGif;umvwGif ppfatmifEkdifa&;ESifh ppft+yD;wGif ppfwyfrsm;udk
xda&mufpGmzsufodrf;Ekdifa&;wkd@twGuf pDrHaqmif&Gufjcif;wkd@yg0ifaom jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH
ESifhwuG jynfaxmifpkEkdifiH. tpdwftydkif;rsm;. umuG,fa&;/ xkd@jyiftxl;tm;jzifh
- 16 -
(1) a&wyf/ ukef;wyf/ avwyfrsm;zGJ@pnf;a&;/ avhusifha&;/ xm;&Sda&;ESifh }uD;=uyftkyfcsKyf

a&;rsm;? jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHukd umuG,f&efif;/ jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHESifh jynfe,frsm;.
w&m; Oya'rsm;udk tm%mwnfap&efif;/ xkdwyfrsm;udk tokH;ya&;?
(2)
(3)
(4) wyfajrrsm;wGif a'oEW&udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfa&; xkda'orsm;twGif; wyfajrtm%mykdif
rsm; zGJ@pnf;a&;ESifh tm%mrsm;tyfESif;a&;/ xkda'orsm;twGif; tdrfae&mxkdifcif; pnf;
rsOf;owfrSwfay;a&;ESifh xkda'orsm;. e,fedrdwfowfrSwfa&;rsm;
(5) vufeufrsm;/ tajrmufaoewfrsm;/ cJ,rf;rD;ausmufrsm;ESifh aygufuGJapwwfo!fh
0wWKypPnf;rsm;1 [k
[kyg&SdonfESifh ywfoufI jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHESifh jynfe,frsm;. w&m;Oya'rsm;udk tm%mwnfap&ef
wyfrsm;ukdtokH;ycJh&mY vGefcJho!fh a&G;aumufyGJtxd tkyfcsKyfa&;csdK@wJhr_/ ru|rf;usifr_/ EkdifiHa&;upm;r_rsm;
a=umifh jynfaxmifpkwpf0ef;vkH;wGif rauseyfr_rsm;&SdcJha=umif;/ &Srf;jynfY vufeufudkiftzGJ@rsm;zGJ@pnf;cJh&m
em;vnfr_r&Sd=uo!fhtwGuf rvkdvm;tyfaom tcuftcJrsm;ay:aygufcJha=umif;/ jynfe,frsm;. w&m;Oy
a'rsm;udk tm%mwnfap&eftwGuf wyfrawmftm; Oya't& ay;tyfxm;aomtm%m&yfrsm;udk ,ck
+idrf0yfydjyma&;&&Sdvm+yD;jzpfI jyefvnfpDppfum yjyifoifha=umif;/ odk@rSomwyfrawmfESifh rd@jyqkdif&mXmewkd@
onf rdrdwkd@qkdif&mvkyfief;rsm;udk uwWm;jcm;I aqmif&GufEkdifrnfjzpfa=umif;wifjyxm;onf? tykd'f (4) ESifh
ywfoufI wyfajrrsm;wDxGif&mwGif &Srf;jynfYtcuftcJrsm; uHawG@&a=umif;/ wyfajrtwGuf odrf;,lcJh
o!fh tcsdK@ajrrsm;ESifh ywfoufI &Srf;jynfe,ftpkd;&taejzifh oabmwlpmcsKyfrsm; rcsKyfqkd&ao;a=umif;/
wyfajrpepfrSm t*FvdyfacwfupepfjzpfI ,cktcg acwfrrSawmha=umif;ESifh xkdpepft& aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh
rd@aevlxktcuftcJ uHawG@&a=umif; wifjyxm;onf? tydk'f (5)ESihf ywfoufIvnf; &Srf;jynfe,ftpdk;&
onf +idrf0yfydjym;a&;udk wm0ef,l&aomfvnf; acwfrDvufeufi,frsm; csdK@wJha=umif;/ a&mifpkHolykefESifh olckd;
"m;jyrsm;uyif wpfcgwpf&H vufeuftiftm; omvGefaea=umif;ESifh &Srf;jynfodk@ vufeufcJ,rf;rD;ausmuf
rsm; xkwfay;a&;wGif txuftm%mykdiftcsdK@. t,ltqvGJaea=umif;vnf; wifjyxm;onf? &Srf;jynfe,f
tpdk;&onf jynfol@ +idrf0yfydjym;a&;twGuf aqmif&Guf&ef tm%m&Sdaomfvnf; &Srf;jynfe,f&JtzGJ@twGuf
vkdtyfo!fhvufeufcJ,rf;rD;ausmufrsm; 0,f,la&;twGuf tm%mr&Sda=umif;/ apmfbGm;rsm;tm%mpGef@
v$wf+yD;o!fhaemuf &JtzGJ@udkwkd;csJ@zGJ@pnf;cJhaomfvnf; vufeufrjynfhpkHojzifh +idrf0yfydjym;a&;udk xda&mufpGm
raqmif&GufEkdifa=umif;vnf; azmfjyxm;onf?2
tajccHOya'yg - wwd,Z,m;? pm&if; 1 jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHOya'ypm&if;yg - atmufygtcsufrsm;
ESifh ywfoufIvnf; &Srf;jynfe,f. rauseyfcsufrsm;udk azmfjyxm;onf?
2?
? jynfya&;&m?
(2) urBmhukvor*~?
(3) jynfaxmiftcsif;csif;nDvmcHrsm;? toif;rsm;ESifhtjcm;tzGJ@rsm;wGif yg0ifqmif&Gufa&;
ESifh xkdnDvmcHtoif;tzGJ@wkd@.qk;H jzwfcsufrsm;udk txajrmufapa&;?
1 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'/ wwd,Z,m;/ pm&if; 1 jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHOya'ypm&if;?

2 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 22 ?
- 17 -
(5) tjcm;EkdifiHrsm;ESifh/ pmcsKyfrsm;oabmwlnDcsufrsm;udk csKyfqkda&;ESifh txajrmufapa&;?

(6) EkdifiHjcm;rsm;ESifh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fjcif;udk pnf;rsOf;owfrSwfa&;?
(7) EkdifiHjcm;ESifh acs;iSm;a&;?
(16) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&u owfrSwfxm;aom taumufe,fedrdwfrsm;udk jzwfoef;I
,laqmifaom 0ifukefESifhxGufukef?
3? qufoG,fa&;?
(11) pmydk@aqmifa&;ESifh a=u;eef;qufoG,fa&; pum;ajyma=u;eef;qufoG,fa&;/ 0dkif,m
vuf/ toHv$ifha&;ESifhtjcm;tvm;wl qufoG,fa&;rsm;?
4? bma&;?
(1) jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHudktajcyI aiGacs;,ljcif;?
(2) EdkifiHjcm;odk@ykd@aom xGufukefrsm;tay:wGif pnf;=uyfaomtaumufawmfvnf;yg0if
o!fhtaumufawmfrsm;?
(4) ukefpnf;a&mif0,fjcif;wkd@tay:wGif pnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;?
(6) tjrwfawmfcGefrsm;?
(9) uG,fvGefolykdifypPnf;tay:wGif pnf;=uyfaomtcGefESifh ypPnf;qufcHcGefrsm;?
(10) tjrwf}uD;cGef?
(11) aiGpkb%f?
(12) aiGv$JpmcsKyfrsm;/ csufvufrSwfrsm; atmf'DrefpmcsKyfrsm;ESifh tjcm;pmcsKyfrsm;tay:
wGif pnf;=uyfaom wHqdyfawmfcGefrsm;?
5? t&yf&yfqkdif&m?
(4) jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHrsm;twGuf ypPnf;&,la&;?
(11) jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHtay:Y wif&SdaomauG;+rD?
(13) w&m;Oya'ESifh usifhxkH;/ txl;tm;jzifh xkdOya'ESifhusifhxkH;wdk@wGif uav;oli,frsm;
ESifh t&G,fra&mufolrsm;/ arG;pm;jcif;/ ypPnf;v$Jajymif;a&;/ ,kHykHv$Jtyfxm;ojzifh pDrH
ykdifcGifh&Sdolrsm;ESifh xdkodk@v$Jtyfxm;a&;/ ydnmOfrsm;/ tEknmwpD&ifqkH;jzwfa&;
vlrGJpmcHa&;/ w&m;pGJqkdydkifcGifh&Sdaom epfemcsufrsm;/ _;oGyfjcif;wkd@ESifh pyfvsOf;aom
w&m;Oya'rsm;yg0ifonf?
(16) owif;pmrsm;/ pmtyfrsm;ESifh pmykHESdyfpufrsm;?
(23) v#yfppf"gwf?
(28) pDrHudef;yjcif;?
(31) tav;wif;awmif; ponfwkd@udkpHyjcif;?
(32) bdef;/ odk@&mwGif bdef;tay:Y aumufcHaom,pfrsdK;cGefryg?
(34) jynfaxmifpkw&m;Oya'u jynfaxmifpk tpdk;&.}uD;=uyftkyfcsKyfjcif;jzifh jynfol@t
usdK;iSg oifhavsmfonf[k jymef;xm;aom pufr_vufr_vkyfief;rsm;udk wkd;wufatmif
aqmif&Gufa&;?
- 18 -
(35) or0g,rtoif;rsm;?
(36) opfawmrsm;/ owWKwGif;rsm;/ a&eHajrrsm;udk owfrSwfa&;/ owWKa&eHrsm;udk wl;azmfI
wkd;wufatmifya&; (owWKwGif;rsm;ESifh a&eHajrrsm;owfrSwfa&;/ udpPwGiftvkyf
orm;ta&;ESifh tvkyform;ab;uif;a&;wkd@yg0ifonf)?
(37) jynfaxmifpkEkdfifiHtwGif;wGif a&$ajymif;aexkdifa&;1wkd@jzpfonf? jynfya&;&mESifh ywf
oufI ukvor*~tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmftm; taxmuftyHhay;a&;twGuf pmcsKyf
rsm;csKyfqkd&mwGif jynfe,frsm;tm; wkdifyifjcif;r&SdcJha=umif;/ xkd@a=umifh xkdpmcsKyfrsm;udktaumiftxnfazmf
&mwGif &Srf;jynftwGuf tcuftcJrsm;awG@cJh&a=umif;/ tjcm;EkdifiHrsm;ESifhvnf;aumif;/ ukvor*~tzGJ@rsm;ESifh
vnf;aumif; pmcsKyfrsm;csKyfqkd&mwGif jynfe,ftpkd;&rsm;ESifh wkdifyifjcif;/ oabmwlnDr_udwif&,ljcif;ESifh
if;pm;csKyfrsm;udk ygvDrefuwnfyouJhodk@ jynfe,faumifpDrsm;uvnf; twnfyoifha=umif; wifjyxm;
onf? xkd@twlEkdifiHjcm;wkdif;jynfrsm;ESifh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&; pnf;rsOf;owfrSwfo!fh udpPwGifvnf; &Srf;
jynfe,ftpdk;&ukd yg0ifcGifhay;oifha=umif;/ EkdifiHjcm;aiGacs;iSm;okH;pGJa&;wGifvnf; jynfe,frsm;yg0ifcHpm;cGifhr&Sd
ouJhokd@ jzpfaea=umif;ESifh jynfe,frsm;udkvnf; if;wdk@.bma&;tajcaet& Ekdifihjcm;aiG acs;iSm;Ekdifo!fh
tcGifhta&;ay;oifha=umif;vnf; azmfjyxm;onf? jynfaxmifpktpdk;&u owfrSwfxm;aom taumufe,f
edrdwfrsm;udk jzwfoef;I,laqmif&aom 0ifukefESifhxGufukefcGefudpPudkvnf; &Srf;jynfe,ftpdk;&tm; tyfESif;
+yD; if;rS&&Sdo!fh tcGefawmfaiGukd &Srf;jynfe,ftcGefawmfpm&if;wGifxnfhoGif;oihfa=umif;vnf; t}uHyxm;
onf? 2
qufoG,fa&;ESifhywfoufI &Srf;jynfe,ftpdk;&onf tpdk;&vkyfief;rsm; ykdrdktqifajyvG,fulap&ef
twGuf cdkif0efkH;pdkufo!fhrd@rsm; e,fykdif0efaxmufkH;pkduf&mrd@rsm;ESifh ta&;}uD;o!fh&JXmersm;wGif 0dkif,m
vufpufrsm;ukd tokH;yvsuf&Sda=umif;/ xkduJhodk@tokH;ycGifhtm%mukd &Srf;jynfe,ftpkd;&odk@ay;xm;oifh
a=umif;/ xkdudpPtwGuf &Srf;jynfe,ftpkd;&u jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tm; vkdifpifcGefay;&efroifha=umif;/
toHv$ifha&;ESifhywfoufI tajccHOya'ESifh tajccH'Drkdua&pD0g'rsm;udk rxdckdufapbJ &Srf;trsdK;om;wkd@.
,Ofaus;r_/ ynma&;wkd;wufr_wkd@twGuf txl;tokH;0ifrnfh toHv$ifha&;tm%mudk &Srf;jynfe,ftpkd;&tm;
ay;xm;oifha=umif;/ &Srf;jynfe,ftpdk;&u toHv$ifhEkdifcJhv#if &Srf;jynf.wkd;wufa&;ESifh jynfaxmifpk. zGH@zd;
a&;wkd@twGuf tusdK;&Sdrnfom jzpfa=umif;wifjyxm;onf?3
bma&;ESifhywfoufIvnf; acs;,l&o!fhaiGukdqyf&mwGif jynfe,frsm;Yvnf; oG,f0dkufIwm
0ef&Sdojzifh jynfe,ftpkd;&rsm;udk udwifwkdifyifoifhouJhokd@ pmcsKyfudktwnfy&mYvnf; jynfe,faumifpD.
twnfycsuf&,loifha=umif; azmfjyxm;onf? acs;aiGudkoHk;pGJ&mwGif aocsmpGmpdppfItokH;yoifha=umif;/
jynfe,frsm;udkvnf; aiGacs;,lcGifhyoifha=umif;vnf; wifjyxm;onf? EkdifiHjcm;ydk@ukeftay: taumufcGefESifh
ywfoufIvnf; jynfe,frsm;onf aumufawmfcGefudk a0ykHus&oifha=umif;/ &Srf;jynfe,fxGufukefu&aom
taumufcGefrS ukefusp&dwfEkwf+yD;usefaiGudk &Srf;jynfe,ftm;ay;oihfa=umif;/ EkdfifiHjcm;ykd@ukeftwGuf
taumufcGefukd&efukefrSaeI aumufcH+yD;&aiGudk jynfaxmifpkbmawmftjzpf odrf;,laea=umif;/ &Srf;jynf
e,fxGufykd@ukefrsm;rS&o!fh tcGefaiGudkvnf; jynfaxmifpkuyif odrf;,lxm;a=umif;/ ppfrjzpfrDu tqkdyg
aumufcGefukd &Srf;jynfu &&SdcJha=umif;vnf;azmfjyxm;onf? &Srf;jynfe,ftwGif;a&mif;0,faomukefrsm;t
ay: &Srf;jynfe,fu tcGefaumuf+yD; if;tcGefukd &Srf;jynfe,ftpdk;&u &oifha=umif;/ &Srf;jynfe,ftpdk;&t&m
&Sdrsm; xrf;aqmif&o!fhtjrwfawmfcGefrsm;udk jynfaxmifpktpdk;&okd@ay;&onfrSmvnf; auseyfzG,fr[kwf
a=umif;/ &Srf;jynfe,ftwGif;rS&aom tjrwfawmfcGefudk &Srf;jynfe,fuom&oifha=umif;/ tjrwf}uD;cGefudk
1 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'/ wwd,Z,m;/ pm&if; 1 jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHOya'ypm&if;?
- 19 -
vnf; &Srf;jynfe,fu&oihfa=umif;/ ukr`%Db%frsm;uyifv#if aiGpkb%frsm;zGifhEkdifojzifh &Srf;jynfe,ftpkd;&

uvnf; aiGpkb%frsm;zGifhcGifh&oifha=umif;/ atmf'DrefpmcsKyfrsm;ESifh tjcm;pmcsKyfrsm;tay: pnf;=uyfaom
wHqdyfawmfcGefrsm;udk &Srf;jynfe,fu&oifha=umif;rsm;vnf; wifjyxm;onf? 1
t&yf&yfqkdif&mudpPrsm;ESifhywfoufI jynfaxmifpktpdk&wGif jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHudpPrsm;twGuf
ypPnf;rsm;&,la&;tm%m&Sdaomfvnf; jynfe,frsm;twGufypPnf;&,la&tm%mr&Sdojzifh jynfe,fOya'y
pm&if;wGif jynfe,frsm;twGuf ypPnf;&,la&;tm%mukd xnfhoGif;ay;xm;oifha=umif;/ jynfaxmifpkEkdifiH
tay:Y wif&SdaomauG;+rD udpPESifhywfoufIvnf; jynfaxmifpktpkd;&ppfppfay:vmv#if uef@uGuf&efrvkd
aomfvnf; ,ckwnfqJtajccHOya't&qkdv#if bmawmfrsm;udk okH;pGJ&mwGif w&m;r#wr_r&Sdojzifh jynf
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wnfqJOya't& &Srf;jynfe,ftpdk;&wGif tpdk;&ykHESdyfpufwnfaxmif&ef tm%mr&SdouJhodk@jzpfaeI pmykHESdyf
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a=umifhppfrufjzpfyGm;aeojzifh bdef;pkdufydsK;a&;udpu
P kd wnfqJOya'rsm;t& jynfe,ftpdk;&u qufvuftkyf
csKyfrSomv#if if;jy\emudk &Sif;vif;Ekdifrnfxifa=umif;vnf; azmfjyxm;onf?4
t&yf&yfqkdif&mtydk'f 34 yg jynfaxmifpkw&m;Oya'u jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. }uD;=uyftkyfcsKyfjcif;
jzifh jynfoltusdK;iSm oifhavsmfonf[k jymef;xm;aom pufr_vufr_vkyfief;rsm;ukd wdk;wufatmifaqmif
&Gufa&; udpPESifhywfoufIvnf; rlvut"dy`g,faumuf,lcsuf vGJrSm;ae&mrS vGefcJho!fhvtenf;i,ft
wGif;uom &Sif;vif;oGm;ojzifh &Srf;jynfe,fY pufr_vufr_vkyfief;rsm;udk pwifaqmif&GufcGifh&cJha=umif;/ ykdrdkI
&Sif;vif;oGm;ap&ef xkdudpPudk jynfe,fOya'ypm&if;wGif azmfjyoifha=umif;vnf; wifjyxm;onf? xkd@twl
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or0g,rvkyfief;udk EkdifiHa&;twGuftokH;cscJhojzifh emrnfysufcJh&a=umif;/ xkda=umifh&Srf;jynfe,f&Sd or0g,
rvkyfief;udk &Srf;jynfe,fuom tkyfcsKyfoifha=umif;vnf; wifjyxm;onf?
3 ,if;
- 20 -
tykd'f 36 rSmvnf; &Srf;jynfe,ftwGuf ta&;}uD;aomfvnf; opfawm/ owWKwGif;rsm;/ a&eHrsm;

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2?
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csKyfaESmifxm;jcif;/ xkdodk@csKyfaESmifjcif;cH&olrsm;?
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pD;yGm;a&;udpPrs; acgif;pOfatmuf&Sdtykd'f (3) wGif v,f,mpkdufysdK;a&;[kom qkdxm;o!fhtwGuf wd&p>mef

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trawmfa=u;rSty &Srf;jynfe,f&Sd qif;&JvSo!fhv,form;rsm;twGuf trawmfaiGrsm;udk oD;oef@rxm;
Ekdifojzifh or0g,rXmersm;ESifh pdkufysdK;a&;b%frsm;udkom tm;xm;cJh&a=umif;/ odk@aomfvnf; or0g,rESifh
pkdufysdK;a&;b%frsm; tm%mvkr_a=umifhvnf;aumif;/ or0g,rtoif;rsm;ESifh aus;&GmpkdufysdK;a&;b%frsm;
enf;yg;r_a=umifhvnf;aumif;/ &Srf;jynfe,f&Sd v,form;rsm;rSm ESpfpOfvkdtyfo!fh trawmfaiGrsm;ukd vlwpf
&mv#if ig;a,mufom&&Sdrnf[k cef@rSef;&a=umif;/ Ttajctaetwkdif;omqkdv#if &Srf;jynfawmifolv,fo
2 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'/ wwd,Z,m;/ pm&if; 2 jynfe,fOya'ypm&if;?
- 21 -
rm;rsm;onf jrefrmjynfr&Sd awmifolv,form;rsm;ESifh wef;wltcGifhta&;&&Sd&ef ESpfaygif; 20 umvtwGif;

yif vG,frnfrxifa=umif;/ xkd@a=umifh&Srf;jynfe,fwGif v,f,mtrawmfaiG xkwfay;a&;twGuf or0g,r
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vkHcHa&;acgif;pOfatmuf&Sd tykd'f (3) ESifh (4) wkd@ESifhywfoufI w&m;ol}uD;rsm;cef@xm;a&;udpPudk
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owdxm;oifha=umif;rsm; wifjyxm;onf?1
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tcGefawmfpm&if;udk yl;wGJavhvmrnfqkdv#if jynfe,fOya'ypm&if;t& - &Srf;jynfe,ftm; tm%mv$Jtyf
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aiGrSm odef; 250 rS 300 cef@txd&Sda=umif;/ xkda=umifh jynfaxmifpktpdk;&uaumufcHodrf;,lxm;aom tcGef
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aqmif&GufEkdifrnfjzpfa=umif;vnf; wifjyxm;onf?2
tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;wGif tajccHOya'ygjymef;csuftcsdK@ESihfywfoufI a0zefaqG;aEG;jcif;/
c|wf,Gif;csufrsm;udk axmufjyjcif;ESifhjyifqifjznfhpGuf&ef t}uHyjcif;rsm; yg0ifo!fhjyif atmufygtaxGaxG
rauseyfcsufrsm;udkvnf; azmfjyxm;onf?
1? yifvkHpmcsKyfoabmxm;rsm;/ uwday;csufrsm;udk ygvDrefuaomfvnf;aumif;/ jynfaxmifpk
0ef}uD;uaomfvnf;aumif;/ ta&;ygaom t&m&Sd}uD;i,frsm;uaomfvnf;aumif; owdr&/
owdrrljcif;/
2? tajccHOya'yk'frrsm;ukd wbufowft"dy`g,fjyefqdkjcif;/
3? jynfaxmifpkOya'ypm&if;ygudpP&yfrsm;udk aqmif&Guf&mwGif jynfe,ftpkd;&rsm;tm; wkdifyif&ef
rvkd[k,lqjcif;/
4? jynaxmifpktpkd;&0efxrf;tzGJ@rsm;onf jynfe,frsm;tm;txiftjrifao;jcif;/
5? jynfe,f0ef}uD;rsm;udkyif tdktaowefjcif;/
6? tpdk;&tr_udpP&yfrsm;toD;oD; (bma&;tygt0if) wkd@ukd wbufowfaqmif&Gufjcif;/
tEkdifusifhjcif;/
7? &oifh&xkdufo!fhtultnDrsm;r&cJhjcif;/
8? jynfaxmifpkOya'ypm&if;wGifygo!fh vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udk &Srf;jynfe,ftwGif; aqmif&Guf
o!fhtcg jynfaxmifpktpdk;&Xmersm;onf rsm;aomtm;jzifh &Srf;jynfe,ftpkd;&udk ypfy,fxm;
jcif;/
9? &Srf;jynfEkdifiHa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfa&;wkd@wGif 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;?3
tajccHOya'jyifa&;pmwrf; tykdif; 4 .acgi;f pOfrSm jynfaxmifpkppfppfwnfaqmufa&;jzpfonf?
jynfaxmifpkppfppfwnfaqmufa&;twGuf t}uHy&mwGif
1? zGJ@pnf;ykHpepf/
2? tm%mESifhtcGifhta&;cGJa0enf;/
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2 ,if;
- 22 -
4? jynfaxmifpktcGefawmfESifh bmawmfcGJa0a&;/
5? jynfe,frsm; vkH;0udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfa&;
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tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya' (rl) =urf;rsm;udk twnfy&ef wkdif;jynfyv$wfawmfodk@ wifoGif;pOfuyif OD;csefxGef;
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ESifhyl;aygif;zGJ@pnf;xm;vkdufa=umif;/ xkd@a=umifh TzGJ@pnf;ykHpepfuom e,fpyfa'ovlrdsK;rsm;u Armrsm;tay:
oHo,pdwfESifh r,kHouFmpdwfukd bdk;yGm;aponfhjyif wef;wlnDr#r_ rludkvnf; ysufpD;apa=umif;/ TzGJ@pnf;ykH
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a'ukd jyefvnfjyifqifonhftcgwGif cdkif+rJI wef;wlnDr#aom jynfaxmifpkjzpfay:a&;twGuf Armjynfrtm;
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xm;onfuwpfa=umif;wkd@a=umifh e,fpyfa'ovlrsdK;rsm;onf rausreyfjzpfae=u+yD; Armrsm;uvuf0g;}uD;
tkyfxm;onf[k r,kHouFmjzpfae=ua=umif; xkda=umifhtajccHOya'ukd jyifqifv#if jynfaxmifpkppfppfrl
twkdif; A[kdjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tm; trsm;ESifhoufqkdifaom udpP&yfrsm;twGufom t%may;xm;+yD;
useftm%mrsm;udk jynfe,frsm;tm;ay;xm;&rnf[k wifjyxm;onf?3
1 (u) tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 29 - 30?
(c) v,f,majrEkdifiHykdifyvkyfa&;Oya'onf jynfe,frsm;twGufyg tusLH;0ifjcif;&Sd - r&SdESifhywfoufI EkdifiHawmfa&S@aecsKyf OD;csefxGef;u
w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfY &Sif;vif;pOfu xkdodk@ajymcJhjcif;jzpf.? The Nation, 2 July 1952.
(*) Hugh Tinker, The Union of Burma; A Study of the First Year of Independence, Fourth Edition,London, Oxford
University Press, 1967.p.30 aemifukd;um;v#if Hugh Tinker,Union of Burma [k!Gef;rnf?
- 23 -
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awmfESifh opfawmcGefrSvGJI/ bmr#jzpfjzpfajrmufajrmufr&&SdEkdifacs? if;tcGefawmfaiGrsm;rSmvnf;
jynfe,frsm;? omreftokH;pm&dwf (current expenditure) udkyif rumrday? yk'fr/ 96 cGif;csuft&
jynfaxmifpkrSay;urf;aom axmufyHhaiGukdomjynfe,frsm; rSDcdkae&avonf? jynfaxmifpkbm
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jzpfonf? ,ae@txd wdusaomjynfaxmifpk bma&;ay:vDpDukd rcsrSwfEkdifao;acs? xkd@a=umifh
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udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfa&;&&Sdap&ef tajccHOya'wGif tckdiftrm jymef;xm;&Sdapoifhayonf/
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A[dkjynfaxmifpk zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya'ESifh rqef@usifaom oD;jcm;jynfe,fzGJ@pnf;tkyf
csKyfykH tajccHOya'&Sd&rnfhtjyif/ oD;jcm;Oya'yv$wfawmf/ oD;jcm;tpdk;&/ oD;jcm;w&m;kH;rsm;
xm;&Sd&ayrnf?
3? oD;jcm;jynfe,fzGJ@pnf;Ekdifonfh t*FgvuQm%mrsm;ESifh rjynfhpkHaomvlrsdK;rsm;tbdk@ vlrsdK;pka'o
rsm; (national areas) zGJ@pnf;ay;+yD; vlrsdK;pktcGifhta&;rsm; umuG,fEkdif&ef tajccHOya'wGif
vkHavmufpGm jymef;ay;xm;&ayrnf?3
- 24 -
&Srf;jynfe,frSwifoGif;aom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkfifiHzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'jyifqifa&; pmwrf;

a&;qGJ&mwGif ud;udkifaumfrwDtzGJ@0ifwpfOD;jzpfaom &yvz rS OD;xGef;at; (erfhcef;)onf tpnf;ta0;rsm;
odk@ vkH;0wufa&mufjcif;rS&donfhjyif tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;ukd oabmrwlojzifh vufrSwfa&;xkd;
jcif;vnf;r&Sday?1 udukdifaumfrwDu tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;udk a&;qGJ+yD;aomtcg 1961 ckESpf
azazmf0g&Dv 25 &ufae@wGif awmif}uD;rd@Y jynfvkH;u|wfnDvmcHusif;yum tajccHOya' jyifqifa&;pmwrf;
ukd xkdnDvmcHu twnfycJhonf? xkd@aemuf p0fa&$odkuf/ omrkdif; crf;apmfbGm; p0fxGef;at;/ p0fausmfacgif/
OD;vSaz/ OD;pdk;armifESifh OD;cGefpHjrwfwkd@ yg0ifaom ajcmufOD;aumfrwDzGJ@+yD; tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;ESifh
ywfoufI w&m;a&;Xme 0ef}uD; a'gufwmOD;{armifESifh awG@qkHaqG;aEG;&ef xkdaumfrwDudkwm0efay;cJhonf?2
( jrefrmEkdifiHa&; 1958 - 1962 pwkwwGJrS jyefvnfpkaqmif;wifjyygonf?)
1 jynfe,faygif;pkHnv
D mcHrSwfwrf;/ pm 41?
2The Nation, 1 March 1961
- 25 -

Federal Proposal in 1960

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Federal Proposal in 1960

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NCGUB (Border Office)

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NCGUB (Border Office)

NCGUB (Border Office)

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NCGUB (Border Office)

NCGUB (Border Office)

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NCGUB (Border Office)

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NCGUB (Border Office)

NCGUB (Border Office)

NCGUB (Border Office)

NCGUB (Border Office)

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NCGUB (Border Office)

NCGUB (Border Office)

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NCGUB (Border Office)

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NCGUB (Border Office)

NCGUB (Border Office)

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NCGUB (Border Office)

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NCGUB (Border Office)

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NCGUB (Border Office)

NCGUB (Border Office)

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NCGUB (Border Office)

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NCGUB (Border Office)

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NCGUB (Border Office)

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NCGUB (Border Office)

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NCGUB (Border Office)

NCGUB (Border Office)

NCGUB (Border Office)

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