The Cham Of Vietnam History, Society And Art

By: Do Truong Giang, National University of Singapore (NUS) Mt cun sch c c nhn mnh v mt s nh nghin cu quan tm ch i kh lu, cui cng c xut bn. Tht may mn, v cun sch c xut bn bi NUS Press nn mnh c may mn l mt trong s nhng ngi u tin c cm trn tay cun sch ny. May mn hn na l mnh c Thy hng dn ca mnh Gio s Bruce Lockhart, vi t cch l ng tc gi v ng Editor ca cun sch tng cho mnh vi nhng li tng ngha. The Cham of Vietnam History, Society and Art, edited by Tran Ky Phuong and Bruce M. Lockhart, c xut bn bi NUS Press, National University of Singapore trong thi gian gn y. Cun sch l tp hp nhng bi nghin cu ca cc hc gi quc t, vn c trnh by ln u tin ti Symposium on New Scholarship on Champa, t chc bi Asia Research Institute (ARI), National University of Singapore vo nm 2004, c ngha l cc tc gi v c cc c gi phi ch ti gn 7 nm c cun sch trn tay nh hm nay. C nhn mnh l mt ngi quan tm v lch s Champa, v d c hu ht cc bi vit trong cun sch ny t trc ri, rt vui khi n phm ny ra mt, v mnh rt xc ng khi m trang sch u tin ra thy hnh ca c gio s Trn Quc Vng, vi dng ch This volume is dedicated to the late Prof. Tran Quoc Vuong. Mnh thc s xc ng, v nhng cm xc v thy Vng tro dng, v nhng bui hc cui cng ca thy trng Nhn vn m mnh may mn c tham d, v nhng bi vit y tnh khai m ca Thy v lch s Vit Nam v lch s Champa. Thy tham gia Hi tho v Champa vo nm 2004 ti Singapore m kt qu l cun sch mnh ang c trong tay lc ny, v y c l l ln i d hi tho nc ngoi cui cng trc khi Thy mt (c th l mnh sai trong d kin ny).

Mnh s lan man mt cht v thy Vng v Champa, trc khi i vo ni dung ca cun sch. C l khng ch c nhn mnh xc ng khi bit cun sch ny c tng gio s Vng, m cc hc tr c ca Thy cng s rt hnh phc, c bit l nhng ngi c may mn c gn thy v c thy hng dn nghin cu thc a trn di t min Trung nng gi mnh khng c may mn . Trong nhng ngy cn l sinh vin, nhng bi vit nghin cu lch s mnh c nhiu nht l nhng bi vit ca Thy, v a-lch s, a-vn ha, t gic nc Mnh ginh hng gi trn th vin c i c li cun sch Vit Nam ci nhn a vn ha ca Thy. Kha mnh khng c may mn c hc Thy, nhng c nhn mnh th t to cho mnh s may mn . T nm th 2 v th 3, do m cc bi vit ca Thy v ting tm ca thy, mnh theo chn cc anh ch ngnh vn ha kha 45, 46 i hc cc gi ging ca Thy. Mi bui hc ca Thy, anh Khi v anh Khanh s i n thy, v lun lun c mt lon bia sn trn bn thy ly cm hng. Sau mnh cn c d 1-2 bui ca Thy dy cho sinh vin ton khoa s, hi trng lun ng cht sinh vin v ging vin n d. cng l nhng bui dy cui cng

ca Thy, trc khi thy lm bnh v qua i trong mun vn s tic thng ca gia nh, hc tr v ng nghip. Chc mi ngi u nh v khong thi gian 2005-2006, khp ni lan truyn nhng cu chuyn h h thc thc v gio s Vng. Mt huyn thoi sng qua i, nhng mt ngi thy huyn thoi th mi mi tn ti, t nht l trong tri tim ti n nm th 4 lm kha lun, ti c thy Kim gi v ch nh lm v Champa, ti ng khng cht lng l. V nhng bi hc u tin ca ti v Chm v lch s Champa l qua nhng bi vit ca thy Vng. Khng bao gi ti qun cm xc ca mnh khi ti c nhng bi vit y. Chim cng Hi An vi ci nhn v bin ca ngi Chm v ngi Vit, V mt di vn ha Nam o ven bin min Trung, Min Trung Vit Nam v vn ha Champa Ln u tin ti c bit v mandala, v cc m hnh nh nc, v federation of Champa Nhng bi vit nh hnh nn nhng nhn thc u tin ca ti v Chm v Champa, kch thch tr tng tng ca ti v thc gic ti n vi mt nn vn minh rc r c xa.

Tr li vi cun sch mi xut bn. Cun sch c m u vi bi vit ca gio s Bruce Lockhart, Colonial and Post-colonial construction of Champa. Trong bi vit ny, gio s

chia lch s nghin cu Champa thnh bn Nhm/trng phi chnh: The Colonial Champa trng phi ca cc hc gi Php v n cui th k 19, u th k 20, vi ba cng trnh quan trng ca G.Maspero, Majumdar v G.Coedes nh hnh v thm ch ng khung nhng nhn thc ca cc cc nh nghin cu quc t v Vit Nam v sau i vi lch s Champa; Champa seen from Saigon trng phi ca cc hc gi thi Vit Nam cng ha vi i din l hai cng trnh ca Phan Khoang v Dohamide-Dorohiem;Champa seen from Hanoi trng phi ca cc s gia Vit Nam X hi Ch ngha vi i din l gio s Lng Ninh v gio s Ng Vn Doanh; v cui cng l The Revisionist Champa Trng phi ca cc hc gi EFEO t nhng nm 1980s, 1990s vi i din l TS. Po Dharma, gio s Lafont. Cho n nay, th bi vit ny l mt trong nhng bi vit chi tit nht v lch s nghin cu Champa. Mt bi vit quan trng ca William A.Southworth, River Settlement and Coastal Trade: Towards a specific model of early state development in Champa. Gii nghin cu c l u bit, TS. W.Southworth tng hon thnh lun n tin s ti SOAS v Origin of Campada trn nhng pht hin kho c hc v kho cu t liu bia k, c s Vit-Trung. Trong bi vit ny, tc gi c gng p dng m hnh ca B.Bronson v Riverine exchange network, kt hp vi nhng c liu kho c hc phc dng li mt m hnh v th ch vn hnh ca (cc) vng quc Champa xa. M hnh ny vn c p dng nghin cu v cc coastal states vng o Sumatra v mt s vng khc thuc th gii ng Nam hi o. Vic p dng m hnh ny vo nghin cu lch s Champa cng c th thy trong cc bi nghin cu ca nh nghin cu Trn K Phng. M hnh ca gio s Trn Quc Vng v cc tiu quc Champa cng chia s nhiu gi tr vi m hnh ca B.Bronson v W.Southworth. C hai bi nghin cu v Champa thong qua vic kho st cc ngun c s Trung Quc. Gio s Momoki Shiro, Mandala Champa seen from Chinese sources, v TS Geoff Wade, The Account of Champa in the Song Huiyao Jigao. Ngoi cc ngun t liu kho c hc, bia k, s Vit, vn bn Chm, th cc ghi chp trong s liu Trung Quc l v cng quan trng i vi nghin cu lch s ng Nam ni chung, v lch s Champa ni ring. Gio s Momoki trong cc bi vit ca mnh, c xu hng a dng m hnh Mandala ca O.W.Wolters tm hiu v Champa. Nhiu ngi ng h, nhiu ngi tranh lun, v chc chn s c nhng m hnh mi s ra i trong tng lai khng xa da trn nghin cu bia k v vn bn ch vit Cam.

C ba bi vit lin quan ti lnh vc kho c hc Champa: Ian Glover v Nguyen Kim Dung, Excavations at Go Cam, Quang Nam, 2000-3: Linyi and the emergence of the Cham kingdoms; Yamagata Mariko, Tra Kieu during the second and third centuries CE: The formation of Linyi from an Archaeological perspective; Allison I.Diem, The significance of Ceramic evidence for assessing contacts between Vijaya and other Southeast Asian polities in the 14th-15th centuries CE. Bi vit ca W.Southworth cng c th xp vo nhm ny. V kho c hc khng phi lnh vc chuyn su ca mnh nn khng tin bn ti y. Hai bi vit bn v cc mi quan h ca Champa vi cc quc gia lng ging: Danny Wong Tze Ken, Vietnam-Champa relations during the 17th and 18th centuries, v Tran quoc Vuong, Viet-Cham cultural contacts. Bi vit ca A.Diem cng c th xp vo nhm ny. Hai bi vit v lch s ngh thut v Tn gio Champa: Tran Ky Phuong, The integral relationship between Hindu temple sculpture and architecture: A new approach to the arts of Champa, v John Guy, Pan-Asian Buddhism and the Bodhisattva cult in Champa. Nhm bi vit t gc nhn nhn hc v ngn ng hc: TS Thnh Phn (Gru Hajan), Kut (cemeteries) of the Cham in Ninh Thuan Province; TS Yoshimoto Yasuko, A study of the Almanac of the Cham in South-Central Vietnam, v Gerard Diffloth, The westward expansion of Chamic influence in Indochina: A view from historical Linguistics. c im chung ca nhm tc gi ny l nghin cu v cc vn ng i ca cng ng ngi Chm ti Vit Nam, s dng cc ti liu th tch Chm v ngn ng Chm. Nhm tc gi cui cng l hai nh nghin cu ni ting John K.Whitmore v Michael Vickery vit v nhng vn lch s Champa. J.Whitmore, The last Great King of classical Southeast Asia: Che Bong Nga and 14th century Champa; M.Vickery, Champa revised. Gio s Vickery vn l mt chuyn gia ln v lch s Angkor v Khmer. Trong bi vit ca mnh, gio s lt li mt s vn c bn trong nghin cu lch s Champa v t ra yu cu phi nghin cu c th hn v c nhng cch nhn khc, chnh xc hn v The origins of Champa and the Cham, the Linyi problem, Huanwang, Panduranga, Vijaya problem Trn y l mt s nt chnh v ni dung cun sch, v mt s cm xc ngoi l. Cng vi cun sch ch bin bi A.Hardy v M Sn (2009), th cun sch ny tiu biu cho nhng kt qu mi

nht trong nghin cu lch s, vn ha Champa v cng ng ngi Chm c xut bn bng ting Anh. Da trn nhn thc c nhn, th nhng cng trnh nghin cu trong cun sch ny, i din cho trng phi nghin cu Champa th ba, l Autonomous school, hay J.SmailO.Wolters-B.Bronson school. Mt s c trng c bn ca trng phi ny, l cc nh nghin cu hng ng li hiu triu ca J.Smail v vic vit mt Autonomous history/lch s bn a (1961) ca ng Nam ng nh nhng g tng din ra ng Nam ch khng phi vit lch s ng Nam thng qua lng knh ca n hay Trung Hoa. Hng ng li hiu triu l vic khi xut v p dng cc m hnh c ngun gc ti chnh ng Nam nghin cu v lch s chnh tr, vn ha, tn gio ca ng Nam . Trong bi cnh , cc m hnh Mandala ca O.Wolters, Riverine Exchange network ca Bronson hay Negara ca C.Geertz c xy dng v dn dn c cc nh nghin cu chp nhn, cng nh p dng nghin cu i vi lch s c xa ca nhiu chnh th vng ng Nam . Trong mt bi vit ring, tc gi s bn ring v vn ny sau. Hai trng phi trc nghin cu v lch s Champa ni chung c cp trong bi vit ca GS Bruce Lockhart trong cun sch ny. For more detail, visit NUS website @ http://www.nus.edu.sg/nuspress/subjects/history/9789971-69-459-3.html