Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 6 i hc Nng - 2008

149
XT S PHN B NI LC TRONG VCH CNG NH
CAO TNG CHU TI TRNG GI
CONSIDER THE INTERNAL FORCE DISTRIBUTION IN THE SHEAR WALL
OF HIGH - RISE BUILDING CHARGED BY WIND LOAD

SVTH: NGUYN QUANG TNG
Sinh vin, Khoa XDDD&CN, Trng i hc Bch khoa
CBHD: Th.S BI THIN LAM
Khoa XDDD&CN, Trng i hc Bch khoa, HN
Tm tt:
Mc ch ca ti l tm hiu nh hng ca dao ng xon n h kt cu nh cao tng
chu ti trng gi bng l thuyt v s dng phn mm ETABS 9.07 kho st ni lc trong
mt s vch cng
Abstract
The purpose of this report is learning the influence of torsion vibration to design the high-rise
buildings bearing structure. Using software ETABS 9.04 to survey the internal force of the
bearing structure and proposing the petition.

1. M u
Kt cu nh cao tng c nhu cu ngy cng nhiu nc ta, n m bo tit kim qu
t, nht l khi dn s th ngy cng gia tng v gi nh t th ngy cng t . Vic xy
dng nh cao tng hng lot cng phn nh quan im ca cc nh thit k khi gii quyt bi
ton quy hoch v xy dng th.
Khi thit k nh cao tng, do iu kin khch quan hay ch quan m mt bng kt cu
c th i xng hay khng i xng. Trong trng hp mt bng i xng, tm cng trng
vi tm khi lng th nh hng ca hin tng xon n cng trnh l khng ln. Khi tm
cng khng trng tm khi lng th dao ng xon l ln v nh hng ng k n s lm
vic ca ngi nh. Cc cuc kho hin trng ng t v gi bo gn y cng ch ra nh
hng xon l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh gy h hi h kt cu.
Do tnh cht thay i bt thng ca gi, nn d cng trn c kt cu i xng vn xy
ra hin tng xon. Cho n nay, trong tiu chun tnh ton ti trng gi ca Vit Nam [1] vn
cha quan tm nhiu n thnh phn xon ca ti trng gi. V vy vic nghin cu tm ra nh
hng ca hin tng xon do gi n s phn b ni lc ln vch cng kt cu nh cao tng
l cn thit, nhm gp phn vo vic tnh ton thit k nh cao tng c an ton, hiu qu
hn.
2. Tng quan
S lm vic ca ton b cng trnh cao tng ging nh mt console c t s mnh
va phi. Tuy nhin, n khc vi cu kin ct in hnh, bn cht ca n l cu kin chu un,
s un ca ton b cng trnh khng ch bao gm dng un m c th c thay th bi dng
ct hoc dng t hp ca un v ct. Hn na nhng hnh dng ny c th xy ra khng ch
vi un theo phng ngang m cn xon hoc dng un- xon. [2]
Di tc dng ca ti trng ngang, ngi nh chuyn v theo phng ngang. Ti nhng
im khc nhau, trn tng mt ct ngang ca ngi nh s c nhng chuyn v khc nhau. Cc
kt qu phn tch ca B.B.Khansi cho thy nh hng ca hin tng xon n chuyn v
ngang l ng k.[3]
Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 6 i hc Nng - 2008


150
Phn tch kt cu nh cao tng chu lc theo s khng gian, tc gi L Thanh Hun
cp n hin tng xon ca cng trnh c vch kn hoc h v a ra phng php
cng nh cc phng trnh xc nh ni lc trong cc vch cng. [3].
Trong tiu chun tnh ton ti trng gi ca Nht, ca M u cp n thnh
phn xon ca ti trng gi [4], [5]
Cc cng trnh nghin cu ca cc tc gi to ra nhng thun li trong cng tc tnh
ton v thit k kt cu nh cao tng. Tuy nhin, cc tc gi vn cha i su vo gii quyt
mi quan h gia dao ng xon v ni lc ca vch cng di tc dng ca ti trng ngang.
Do ti ny s i su tm hiu vn mt cch c th hn, to iu kin cho vic tnh
ton v thit kt k c d dng hn.
3. L thuyt tnh ton
3.1. Tnh ton ti trng gi theo tiu chun Vit Nam 2737-1995 ( Khng k n ti trng
gi xon) [1]
a. Thnh phn tnh ca ti trng gi:
p lc tiu chun ca ti trng gi tnh tc ng vo im j (cao
j
z ) c xc nh
theo cng thc:
0
. ( ).
tc
j j j
W W k z c = (daN/m
2
)
-
0
W : p lc gi tiu chun ly theo phn vng p lc gi trong TCVN 2737-1995.
- ( )
j
k z : h s xt n s thay i p lc gi, ph thuc a hnh tnh ton v cao
j
z ca im j. -
j
c : h s kh ng, ly trong TCVN 2737-1995.
b. Thnh phn ng ti trng gi
- Phn tch dao ng theo tng phng (xt tng phng ring bit).
- Theo phng X: c cc tn s dao ng ring
1 2
, ,... f f v cc chuyn v dao ng
11 21 1 12 22 2
, ,..., , , ,..., ,...
n n
y y y y y y
- Theo phng Y: tng t, cng c cc tn s dao ng ring
1 2
, ,... f f v cc chuyn
v dao ng
11 21 1 12 22 2
, ,..., , , ,..., ,...
n n
y y y y y y
- So snh
1
f vi tn s gii hn
L
f <
L
f tra bng 2, trang 7 TCXD 229 [6]
- Nu
1 L
f f > : cng trnh c cng ln, thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi ch do
xung vn tc gi gy ra.
- Nu
1 L
f f s : cng trnh c cng b, thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi phi k
n tc ng ca c xung vn tc gi v lc qun tnh ca cng trnh, v cn tnh vi s dng
dao ng u tin c tn s dao ng ring
L
f f s .
Xt trng hp
1 L
f f > :
- p lc tiu chun ca ti trng gi ng vo im j c xc nh theo cng thc:
. .
tc tc
pj j j
W W , v =
Xt trng hp
1 L
f f s : cn xt s dng dao ng c tn s dao ng ring
L
f f s .
Gi tr tiu chun ca ti trng gi ng vo tng j dng dao ng i c xc nh
theo cng thc:
( )
. . .
p ji j i i ji
W M y =
T hp ti trng gi:
Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 6 i hc Nng - 2008

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Ni lc v chuyn v gy ra do thnh phn tnh v ng ca ti trng gi c xc nh
nh sau:

=
+ =
s
i
d t
X X X
1
2
) ( .
Trong : X l momen un (xon), lc ct, lc dc, hoc chuyn v. X
t
l momen
un (xon), lc ct, lc dc, hoc chuyn v do thnh phn tnh ca ti trng gi gy ra. X
d

l momen un (xon), lc ct, lc dc, hoc chuyn v do thnh phn tnh ca ti trng gi gy
ra khi dao ng dng th i. s s dao ng tnh ton.
3.2. Tnh ton ti trng gi theo tiu chun AIJ Nht Bn (C k n thnh phn gi
xon) [4]
Ti trng gi dc trn khung kt cu:
A G C q W
D D H D
. . . = . (N)
Ti trng gi trn mi:

R R R H R
A G C q W . . . = . (N)
Ti trng gi ngang:

L L L H L
R g
H
Z
A C q W
2 '
1 3 | + = (N)
p dng khi cng trnh tha mn cc iu kin sau:
-Mt ct ngang cng trnh vung u t di ln
- 6 / s BD H ; 5 / 2 , 0 s s D B ; 10 ) /( s BD f U
L H
.
Ti trng gi xon:
T T T T H T
R g
H
Z
AB C q W
2 '
1 8 , 1 | + = (N)
p dng khi cng trnh tha mn cc iu kin sau:
-Mt ct ngang cng trnh vung u t di ln
- 6 / s BD H ; 5 / 2 , 0 s s D B ; 10 ) /( s BD f U
L H
.
T hp ti trng gi:
Bng t hp ti trng gi
Trong
LT
-h s tng quan gia dao ng gi ngang v gi xon c xc nh
trong mc A.6.8.3. [4]
T hp gi theo phng ngang v gi trn mi c xt ng thi.
3.3. Xc nh tm khi lng, tm cng [7] v ni lc trong vch [2]

T hp Gi dc Gi ngang Gi xon
1 W
D
0,4W
L
0,4W
T
2 ) / 6 , 0 4 , 0 (
D D
G W + W
L

T LT
W ) 1 2 2 ( +

3 ) / 6 , 0 4 , 0 (
D D
G W +
L LT
W ) 1 2 2 ( +

W
T
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152
Ta xt trng hp ph bin trong thc t l trc chnh ca cc h tng cng song
song vi cc trc nh.
Tm khi lng ca cng trnh l im t lc qun tnh.
Gi ( x
CM;
y
CM
) - ta tm khi lng, c xc nh nh sau:

=
i
i i
CM
p
p a
x
.

=
i
i i
CM
p
p b
y
.

Tm cng ( cn c tn l tm un hay tm xoay) ca cng trnh l im m hp lc
ca ti
trng ngang i qua ch gy cho cng trnh cc chuyn v thng, cn chuyn v xoay bng
khng(u =0).
Gi (x
CR
; y
CR
)- ta tm cng.
r
i
-khong cch t vch cng th i n tm cng:
r
xi
=
xi
-x
CR
. r
yi
=
yi
-y
CR
.
To tm cng c xc nh nh sau:

=
xi
xi
CR
EJ
E
x
xi
J .

=
yi
yi
CR
EJ
E
y
yi
J .

cng chng xon ca ngi nh: ) . . (
2 2
yi yi xi xi
EJ r EJ r B + =
e

Moment trong vch cng th i c th c xc nh nh sau:
Vi ti trng q
y
, ta c: M
xi
= M
x
(K
yyi
. qx + C
x
.K
exi
.q
e
)
M
yi
= M
x
(K
yxi
. q
y
+ C
x
.K
eyi
.q
e
)
Vi ti trng q
x
ta c: M
xi
= M
y
(K
xyi
. qx + C
x
.K
exi
.q
e
)
M
yi
= M
y
(K
xxi
. qy + C
x
.K
eyi
.q
e
)
Vi M
x
, M
y
tng moment un do tit trng gi tc ng vo ngi nh theo phng X,Y
H s phn phi ti trng:
K
xxi
= J
yi
/ J
y
; K
yyi
= J
xi
/ J
x

K
xyi
= J
xyi
/ J
y
; K
yxi
= J
xyi
/ J
x


j
q -cc h s
e
q q q , ,
y x
xc nh theo cc cng thc:
x
tch
x
G
G
85 . 1
1
1

= q ;
y
tch
y
G
G
85 . 1
1
1

= q
e
e
q
G
G
tch
85 . 1
1
1

=
Tng t i vi lc ct trong vch.
4. Kho st s phn b ni lc trong cc vch cng nh cao tng thng qua mt s m
hnh tnh ton c th
Xt mt cng trnh cao 25 tng vi kt cu khung vch chu lc nm trong vng II a
hnh B (theo TCVN 2737-1995), (theo tiu chun AIJ 2004 l a hnh III) chu ti trng gi
vi gi tr p lc gi W
o
=950 N/m
2
.( q
H
=950 N/m
2
) vn tc gi U
H
=39 m/s. T s cn ,=0.02.
Cng trnh:- Mt bng cng trnh 20x30 m
2
- Chiu cao tng: 3.3m - Sn dy 16 cm
- Tit din ct: 1m x 1m - Tit din dm: 0.3mx 0.7 m - Btng B25.
- Ti trng phn b u trn sn: 1.5T/m
2
(bao gm trng lng bn thn)
Tnh ton cng trnh theo hai trng hp ti trng gi :
- Theo TCVN 2737-1995
-Theo tiu chun AIJ 2004.
Mt bng cng trnh c b tr theo 5 trng hp sau:
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153
Trng hp 1: H kt cu c mt bng i xng theo c hai phng
Trng hp 2,4: H kt cu i xng qua trc X v khng i xng qua trc Y.
Trng hp 3,5: H kt cu khng i xng theo c hai phng:

Trng hp 1 Trng hp 2 Trng hp 3

Trng hp 4 Trng hp 5
4.1. Quy trnh tnh ton:
- Thit lp m hnh tnh ton.
- Phn tch dao ng cng trnh vi s h tr ca phn mm ETABS 9.07. Xc nh
cc chu k dao ng theo cc phng tnh ton..
- Tnh ton ti trng gi theo TCVN 2737-1995: Gi tnh, gi ng.
- Tnh ton ti trng gi theo tiu chun AIJ 2004: Gi dc, gi ngang, gi xon
- Xc nh ni lc trong cc vch vi tng trng hp mt bng cng trnh vi ti
trng gi tng ng.
- T hp ni lc theo cc phng php trnh by trn.
4.2. Kt qu tnh ton:
Cc dng dao ng ring:
- Trng hp 1 (Mt bng i xng):
+ Tm cng (C
R
) v tm khi lng (C
M
) trng nhau.
+ Chu k dao ng: T
D
= 2.5157s T
L=
2.5215 s T
T
=1.9 s
- Trng hp 2 ( Mt bng khng i xng):
+ Khong cch gia tm cng v tm khi lng l 0.7m.
+ Chu k dao ng : T
D
=2.49 s T
L
=2.52 s T
T
=2.0962 s
- Trng hp 3 ( Mt bng khng i xng):
+ Khong cch gia tm cng v tm khi lng l 1.45 m.
+ Chu k dao ng : T
D
=2.3 s T
L
=2.4 s
T
T
=2.1226 s
- Trng hp 4 ( Mt bng khng i xng):
+ Khong cch gia tm cng v tm khi lng l 0.7 m.
+ Chu k dao ng: T
D
=2.25 s T
L
=2.37 s
T
T
=1.28 s
- Trng hp 5 ( Mt bng khng i xng):
+ Khong cch gia tm cng v tm khi lng l 1.45 m.
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154
+ Chu k dao ng: T
D
=2.08 s T
L
=2.26 s
T
T
=1.36 s
Bng 1: Moment xon chn cng trnh, chuyn v gc nh cng trnh v ni lc
chn vch ca vch gia v vch bin (TCVN)
Vch bin Vch gia Vch bin Vch gia
1 0 0 0 117.4 118.66 -1.06 2126.3 2123 0.16
2 0.7 710.24 0.00031 150.44 122.6 22.71 2471.9 2161 14.39
3 1.45 710.24 0.00083 160.8 114.04 41.00 3637 3268 11.29
4 0.7 710.24 0.00013 123.3 102.99 19.72 1517 1436 5.64
5 1.45 710.24 0.0002 125.71 105.11 19.60 2223 2163 2.77
Trng
hp
Khong
cch gia
C
M
v C
R
Lc ct (T) Moment (T.m)
AQ/Q
(%)
AM/M
(%)
Moment
xon chn
ctrnh (T.m)
Chuyn v
gc nh
ctrnh (rad)
Bng 2: Moment xon chn cng trnh, chuyn v gc nh cng trnh v ni lc
chn vch ca vch gia v vch bin (AIJ)
Vch bin Vch gia Vch bin Vch gia
1 0 718 0.00036 147.67 141.35 4.47 2486.5 2344.7 6.05
2 0.7 1395.00 0.00056 184.11 146.69 25.51 2833.76 2369 19.62
3 1.45 1500.00 0.00103 192.69 136.27 41.40 4004.1 3490.7 14.71
4 0.7 1374.00 0.00023 153.23 123.36 24.21 1740.8 1581 10.11
5 1.45 1475.00 0.00033 158.66 125.65 26.27 2470 2307 7.07
Trng
hp
Khong
cch gia
C
M
v C
R
Moment
xon chn
ctrnh (T.m)
Chuyn v
gc nh
ctrnh (rad)
Lc ct (T)
AQ/Q
(%)
Moment (T.m)
AM/M
(%)

Nhn xt:
Theo tiu chun AIJ khi tm cng ca cng trnh trng tm khi lng vn tn ti hin
tng xon. Tm cng cng xa tm khi lng th chu k xon cng ln. Khi khong cch
gia C
M
v C
R
l 00.71.45 m th chu k xon thay i t 1.9 2.09 2.12s (Trng hp
vch h)
Cng trnh c kt cu i xng th ni lc trong cc vch s tng ng nhau. Nhng
i vi cc cng trnh c kt cu khng i xng (tm cng khng trng tm khi lng) th
ni lc trong cc vch s chnh lch ng k.
Chnh lch ni lc gia vch bin v vch gia khi khng k
v c k n lch tm ngu nhin
Trng
hp
Khong cch
gia C
M
v C
R

TCVN AIJ
AQ/Q (%) AM/M (%) AQ/Q

(%) AM/M

(%)
1 0 -1.06 0.16 4.47 0.16
2 0.7 22.71 14.39 25.51 14.39
3 1.45 41.00 11.29 41.40 11.29
4 0.7 19.72 5.64 24.21 5.64
5 1.45 19.60 2.77 26.27 2.77
Trong trng hp mt bng 4 v 5 lc ct v moment chn vch gim 1520% v
3035% so vi trng hp mt bng 2 v 3. Vy cc vch cng nu c lin kt li thnh
li cng s lm tng cng chng xon cho ngi nh, ni lc gim mnh. Nh , kt cu c
kh nng chu lc tt hn, s chnh lch ni lc trong vch cng gim i nhiu.
Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 6 i hc Nng - 2008

155
Mc d thnh phn gi dc theo TCVN 2737-1995 l ln hn so vi AIJ 2004, nhng
do AIJ 2004 c k n thnh phn gi ngang v gi xon (s gy xon k c khi cng trnh i
xng). Do vy khi tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng gi theo TCVN 2737-1995 (khng k n
lch tm ngu nhin) th ni lc trong vch s b hn so vi khi tnh theo AIJ 2004 :
Chnh lch ni lc chn vch 7 khi tnh ton theo TCVN 2737-1995 v AIJ 2004
Trng
hp
Lc ct chn vch Q (T) Moment chn vch M (T.m)
TCVN
2737-
1995
AIJ 2004
AQ/Q
TCVN
(%)
TCVN
2737-
1995
AIJ 2004
AM/M
TCVN
(%)
1 117.4 147.67 20.4 2126.3 2486.55 14.48
2 150.44 184.11 18.48 2471.9 2833.8 12.7
3 160.8 192.69 16.66 3637 3974.8 9.28
4 123.36 153.23 19.3465 1517 1740 12.8
5 125.65 158.66 20.08 2223 2470 10
5. Kt lun
Qua kt qu phn tch nh trn , ta thy rng hin tng xon cng trnh do lch tm
ngu nhin hay lch tm gy ra bi kt cu khng i xng cng lm tng ng k ni lc
cc vch bin ( xa tm cng), tng chuyn v xoay v do nh hng n kh nng chu lc
ca kt cu v c th gy kh chu cho ngi s dng.
Khi chu xon th vch cng xa tm cng cng c ni lc ln, chng t l cng gp
phn vo cng chng xon ca cng trnh.
6. Kin ngh:
Nu cng trnh khng i xng th nn b tr vch cng xa tm cng cng trnh tng
kh nng chng xon cho cng trnh. Nu b tr ngoi bin th tng cng chng xon nhng
chu nh hng ca bin dng nhit v co ngt ( khi nh di). V vy phi ty iu kin c th
b tr vch cng hp l nht.
Cc vch cng nn c t hp thnh li cng tng cng ngang cng nh d
cng chng xon cho cng trnh.
Nn p dng thnh phn xon ca ti trng gi khi tnh ton kt cu cng trnh, nh
vy s thin v an ton hn.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] TCXD 2737- 1995
[2] Tall Building Structure: Analysis and Design Autor: Bryan Stafford Smith and Alex
Coul.
[3] L Thanh Hun (2005), Kt cu nh cao tng BTCT- Nh xut bn xy dng .
[4] Tiu chun AIJ 2004
[5] Wind Load Provision of ASE 7-02
[6] TCXD 229- 1999
[7] Phm Vn Cc, Nguyn L Ninh (1998), Tnh ton v cu to khng chn cc cng trnh
nhiu tng- Nh xut bn xy dng.