Code No: RR320803 Set No.

1
III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Explain the method of linearization using Taylor series.

(b) Differentiate linear and non linear differential equations. Explain the necessity
for linearizing a non-linear model. [8+8]
Y (s)
2. A step change of magnitude 3 is introduced into the transfer function. X(s) =
10
2s2 +0.3s+0.5
Determine the overshoot frequency of oscillation. decay ratio & natural
period of oscillation. [4+4+4+4]

3. Discuss the working principle & mechanism of pneumatic PID controller with the
help of a neat schematic diagram [16]

4. (a) Develop the block diagram of a generalized feed back control system with one
disturbance, incorporating in each block the appropriate transfer function and
on each stream the appropriate variable. [8]
(b) Develop the closed loop responses for set point and load changes. [4+4]

5. (a) A system has the characteristic equation, S5 + 7S4 + 18S3 + 23S2 + 17S +
6 = 0 By using the Routh criterion determine whether or not the system is
stable.
(b) Explain servo and regulatory control problems with an example. [8+8]

6. Discuss the rules for plotting root - locus diagrams in detail. [16]

7. Sketch the gain versus frequency asymptotic Bode diagram for the following transfer
function. Also find the actual gain and phase angle at ω= 10
100
G(s) =
(10s + 1)(s + 1)

[16]

8. (a) Explain ratio control in detail with a neat schematic diagram.

(b) Quote some commonly encountered examples from chemical industry where
ratio control can be used. [8+8]

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Code No: RR320803 Set No. 2
III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. A mercury thermometer having first order dynamics with a time constant of 60 sec
is placed in a temperature bath at 350 C. After the thermometer resumes steady
state, it is suddenly placed in a bath at 400 C at t=0 and left there for 60 sec, after
which it is immediately returned to the bath at 350 C.

(a) Draw a sketch showing the variation of thermometer reading with time.
(b) Calculate the thermometer reading at t=30 sec and t=120 sec. [8+8]

2. (a) What is an interacting and non - interacting system? Explain with examples.
(b) Derive an expression for the response of two non-interacting liquid - level tanks
in series with equal time constants, for step change in the inlet flow rate. [8+8]

3. A unit step change in error is introduced into a PID controller. If Kc = 10, τI =

1, andτD = 0.5, plot the response of the controller. P(t). [16]

4. Consider the control system shown below figure4. Derive Y(s)/R(s) and Y(s) /U(s)

[8+8]

Figure 4

5. (a) Given the characteristic equation

S4 +3S3 +5S2 +4S+3K = 0
Determine the stability of system by Routh’s test for k=1,3,5,7 When does
the system behaves stable and when it is unstable?

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Code No: RR320803 Set No. 2
(b) Compare Cohen-coon method and Zieglar-Nichols method of controller tuning.
[8+8]

6. Sketch the root loci for the control system having the characteristics equation
K
1+ =0
(s + 1)(s + 2)(s + 4)

Locate quantitatively all the poles, zeros, asymptotes, break away point and imag-
inary axis cutting points [16]

7. (a) State and explain Bode stability criterion. [8]

(b) Sketch Bode plots for the following components of a control system
i. 1/(S+1)
ii. 10/(S+1)
iii. e−S
[2+3+3]

8. (a) Write in detail about the Zeigler-Nichols controller settings.

(b) Write about the precautions to be taken in applying Z-N method. [8+8]

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Code No: RR320803 Set No. 3
III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What is a transfer function? How is it useful in solving problems of process

dynamics? How do you represent the transfer function by a block diagram?
(b) A temperature sensing device can be modeled as a first order system with a
time constant of 6 sec. It is suddenly subjected to a step input change of 250
C to 1500 C. What temperature will be indicated after 10 sec. [8+8]
2. An under damped second order system is represented by the transfer function
Y (s) 1
X(s)
= τ 2 s2 +2ζs+1 . The input is subjected to a disturbance of the form X(t) = U(t)
( Unit step function ) Derive, the expression for the response Y(t), and obtain the
expression for overshoot. [10+6]
3. A unit step change in error is introduced into a PID controller. If Kc = 10, τI =
1, andτD = 0.5, plot the response of the controller. P(t). [16]
4. (a) Develop the block diagram of a generalized feed back control system with one
disturbance, incorporating in each block the appropriate transfer function and
on each stream the appropriate variable. [8]
(b) Develop the closed loop responses for set point and load changes. [4+4]
5. Given the control system shown in the figure5, deduce by method of Routh’s test
those values of τ 1 for which the output “c” is stable for all inputs R and U. [16]

Figure 5
6. (a) What do you mean by “Root Locus”. Discuss in detail its application to
control systems.
(b) Explain the term cross over frequency [12+4]
7. (a) Derive expression for amplitude ratio and phase angle as functions of ω for
the transfer function G(s) = 1/(s2 -1)

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Code No: RR320803 Set No. 3
(b) What is Bode stability criterion? Discuss its application in analyzing stability
of a general control system. [8+8]

8. Explain the semi-log plot method for modelling a process.

Using Zeiger-Nichols rules, determine kc and rI for the control system shown in
figure8 given below.

Figure 8

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Code No: RR320803 Set No. 4
III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) A thermometer having a time constant of 0.1 min is at steady state tempera-
ture of 90o C. At time t=0, the thermometer is placed in a temperature bath
maintained at 100o C. Determine the time needed for the thermometer to read
98o C.
(b) Water is to be heated batch wise by electrical heater. Initially, the batch is at
room temperature To . When the heater is on thermal energy enters the water
at a constant rate of Q Joules/hour. Find a relation that will predict the rise
in water temperature T with time [8+8]

2. Consider a second - order system with the following transfer function. G(s) =
1
s2 +0.8s+1
. Introduce a step change of magnitude 5 into the system and find

(a) percent over shoot

(b) decay ratio
(c) maximum value of Y(t)
(d) rise time
(e) ultimate value of Y(t)
(f) period of oscillation. [3+3+3+3+2+2]

3. Define the following:

(a) Set - point

(b) Load
(c) Closed - loop system
(d) Comparator. [4+4+4+4]

4.

Figure 4

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Code No: RR320803 Set No. 4
(a) Determine the transfer function Y(s)/X(s) for the block diagrams shown in
fig4. Express the results in terms of Ga,Gb,Gc.
(b) Find the transfer function Y(s)/X(s) of the system shownin the below figure4b:
[8+8]

Figure 4b
5. For the control system whose characteristic equation is s4 + 4s3 + 6s2 + 4s + (1
+ K) = 0

(a) Determine the value of K above which the system is unstable.

(b) Determine the value of K for which two of the roots are on the imaginary axis,
and determine the value of these imaginary roots and the remaining two roots.
[8+8]

6. (a) Discuss the various rules that are to be following for plotting Root-locus dia-
gram.
(b) Applying these rules sketch the root locus diagram for the open-loop transfer
K
function of G = (s+1)(s+2)(s+3) [8+8]

7. Describe the method of control system design by frequency response method. Ex-
plain how it helps the designer [16]

8. (a) Explain rangeability and turndown ratio with respect to control valves.
(b) Differentiate inherent and effective control valve characteristics. [8+8]

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