aqmif;yg;u¾
&cdkifrsdK;cspfrsm;/ EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;/ awmfvSefa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh
EdkifiHa&;rsdK;quf jzpfcsifolrsm;odk‹ aqG;aEG;t}uHðyjcif;/
&cdkifhacwfopfEdkifiHa&; awmf
vSefa&;ygwDrsm;? vlrItzGJUtpnf;
rsm; tp&SdonfhtzGJU tpnf;aygif;pkH
pkaygif;í wyfaygif;pkrsm;udk t&if
wkef;uvnf; zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ tck
vnf; zGJUpnf;aeonf/ odkUaomf
csdKU,Gif;csufwckrSm t&ifwkef;u
vnf; twGif;jyóemMuHKí wyf
aygif;pkjcif;rsm; ûyysufcJh&onf/
tckvnf; twGif;jyóemrsm;udk
&ifqdkifae&onf/ twGif;y#dyu©
rsm;aMumifh nSdEIdif;r&í uGJtuf
ysufokOf;ed*kH;csLyfcJh&onfh ]aygif;pk
ysufoHo&m}onf &cdkifhawmfvSef
a&; EdkifiHa&;e,fy,fwGif tjrpf
wG,fvmaeonfh vu©mw&yftjzpf
0rf;enf;zG,f jrifawGUvmae&onf/
ordkif;wGif &cdkiftcsif;csif; rnD
nGwfrI tm;enf;csufudk tcGifh
aumif;,lí Armu &cdkifhEdkifiHawmf
udkodrf;ydkufcJhonf/ &cdkifhtcsLyft
csmtmPmtm; eif;ajczsufqD;ypf
vdkufonf/ tckvnf;tcsif;csif;
rnDnGwfrIaMumifh &cdkifjynfESifh&ckdif
wrsdK;vkH; ArmudkvdkeDppfuRefb0
wGif vGwfvyfvrf;prjrifonfh t
ajctaeodkU qdkufa&mufae&onf/
þpmwGif t"duxm;tMuHûy
aqG;aEG;vdkonfrSm nDnGwfa&;qdk
onfh zefw&mawaeonfh vlwdkif;
ajymaeus jyef q d k a w;r[k w f
aMumif;udk t&ifOD;pGmajymvdkonf/
nDnGwfa&;qdkonfh pum;vkH;udk
pajymjyD; nDnGwfMuyg[k tqkH;
owf&kHjzifh &cdkifhEdkifiHa&;e,fy,fü
&ifqdkifMuKHawGUaeaom twGif;jy
óemrsm;udk ajz&Sif;jyD;pD;oGm;vdrfh
rnfr[kwf[k ,kHMunfaomaMumifh
jzpfonf/ tjyifyef;uMunfhvQif
tcsif;csif;rnDnGwfí &cdkifrsm;
Arme,fcsJU ppfudkvdkeDvufatmuf
rS rvGwfvyf[k a,bk,stm;jzifh
okH;oyf&Skjrifí&Edkifaomfvnf; tESpf
om&tm;jzifh xdkxuf eufeJae
aMumif;udkawGUjrif&rnf [kajymcsif
onf/ tcsif;csif;rnDnGwfjcif;udk
cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm MunfhrnfqdkvQifyif
&cdkif trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;cH,lcsuf
,kHMunfrIay:vpDrsm; aMumifhr[kwf
yJ &if;jrpfrsm;aMumifhomjzpfonf
[k ,lq&rnfxifonf/ &if;jrpf
rsm;wGif vlom;&if;jrpf? b@ma&;
&if;jrpf? owif;ESifhenf;ynm&if;
jrpf ponfwdkUyg0ifonf/ tcsLyf
ajym&vQif Armppf0g'Drsm;\ ykHpH
wuszdESdyftkyfcsKyf uRefûyrIatmuf
wGif aeUpOfajymif;vJa&TUvsm;ae
aom urÇmha&pD;aMumif;MuD;aemuf
odkU acwfESifhtrSD rvdkufEdkifonfh
(Clash with mo-dernization)
jyóemESifh &cdkifom;rsm;&ifqdkifae
&onf/
Oyrm- urÇmhMuD;wae&mwGif
&cdkifom;aygif;rsm;pGm pkaygif;í t
oif;tzGJUMuD;wck xlaxmifvdkuf
onf/ xdkUaemuf xdktoif;\ zGGJU
pnf;ykHudk uGefjrLepfygwDrsm; usifh
okH;onfh tay:rSatmufodkU tm
PmpD;qif;aom A[dkuxdef;csKyf
uG y f u J x m;onf h yk H p H a 'gif v d k u f
(centralized and vertical orga-
nizational structure) zGJUpnf;ykHtm;
a&;qGJusifhokH;vdkufMuonf/ xdkU
tjyif cefUrSef;ajc tar&duefa':
vmoef;(200) avmufukefusjyD;rS
txajrmufatmifjrifEdkifrnfh &cdkif
wrsdK;om;vkH;\ ynma&;ESifhvlrI
a&;tajctaersm;tm; jrSifhwifay;
rnfhpDrHudef;w&yftm; a&;qGJvdkuf
onf/ jyD;vQif tzGJU0ifaMu; wv
udk 5 a':vmaumufcH&ef qkH;jzwf
vdkufMuonf/ xdkUaMumifh tzGJU0if
aygif;(100)cefU&Sdaom xdktzGJU ykHrSef
0ifaiGonf wpfESpfvQifa':vm
ajcmufaxmifcefUjzpfjyD; tay:u
csrSwfa&;qGJxm;onfh ynma&;?
vlrIa&;pDrHudef;tm; taumift
xnfazmfEdkif&ef (odkUr[kwf) tar&d
uefa':vm oef;aygif;(200)&&Sd&ef
tzGJU0ifrsm;tm;vkH;u rysufruGuf
yJ ESpfaygif; 33333 ausmf &HykHaiG
xnfh0ifoGm;&rnfjzpfonf/ rMum
aomtcsdefumvtwGif; xdktzGJU
onf wjznf;jznf; vkH;yg;yg;vmjyD;
Zmwfodrf;oGm;cJhavonf/ tb,f
aMumifh xdkodkUjzpfoGm;cJh&oenf;[k
ar;cGef;xkwfvmcJhvQif r[mAsL[m
enf;AsL[mcsOf;uyfrI (Strategic
and tactical approach) trSm;rsm;
aMumifh[kom wdk&Sif;vdk&if;ajym&
ayrnf/ &cdkiftrsm;pku 'DaeUxuf
wdkif toif;tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;xl
axmifvQif ae0if;usifhokH;cJhonfh
Armhenf;Armh[ef rqv ygwDykHpH
tm; t&kd;pGJaeMuonf/ ae0if;
usifhokH;cJhonfh ArmrdIif;xJu &cdkif
om;wcsdKU &kef;rxGufEdkifjzpfaeMu
onf/ obmywdESifhOuúX vkyfcsif
olrsm;jyD; pDrHcefUcGJtkyfcsLyfrI enf;
ynmtm; odol&Sm;onf/ &cdkifrsm;
u tzGJUtpnf;xlaxmifzdkU tm;
oefMuonf/ odkUaomf tzGJUtpnf;
pmrsufESm 10
&cdkifhEdkifiHa&; awmfvSefa&;
avmuwGif tm;aumif;onfh
EdkifiHa&; awmfvSefa&;tkyfpk
wpkay:xGef;vmcJhvQif ,ck
&ifqdkifae&aom nDnGwfa&;
ûyduGJaejcif; (odkUr[kwf) uGJjym;
jyefUusJaeaom vlESpfa,muf
okH;a,mufygonfh *dkPf;cGJ
uav;rsm;tm; wpk
wnf;xm;ír&Edkifjcif; twGif;
jyóemrsm; tvdktavsmuf
csLyfjidrf;oGm;Edkifonf/
xlaxmifvnfywfjcif;\ tqDt
ESpfjzpfaom pDrHcefUcGJrIynmESifh zGJU
pnf;tkyfcsKyfEdkifpGrf;rsm;u tm;
enf;aeonf/ xdkUaMumifh zGJUysufoH
o&mxJu &kef;rxGufEdkif jzpfae&
onf/ vdkcsifonfu atmifjrif
aom zGJUpnf;vIyf&Sm;jcif;\&v'f
aumif;rsm;&vmjcif;u zGJUysufjcif;
qdk;usdK;rsm;jzpfaeonf/ xdkuJhodkU
jzpfjcif;udk nDnGwfa&;r&SdvdkUjzpf&
onf[k acgif;pOfwyfvdkufvQif t
rsm;MuD;vGJacsmfoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/ vl
pGrf;vlp uif;rJhjcif;onf nDnGwfrI
uif;rJhjcif;ESifh t"dyÜg,frwlyg/
jyóemrsm;udk xdkifajymae
jcif;xuf jyóemrsm;udk qef;ppf
avhvmtajz&Smjcif;u ydkí tûyo
abmaqmif usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfí
,xmblwusrnfxifonf/ t
xufuajymcJhovdk nDnGwfa&;
vrf;aMumif;udk oGm;aejcif;xuf
rdrd\ EdkifiHa&; awmfvSefa&;ygwD
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm; cdkifrmoefpGrf;
tiftm;awmifhwif;vmatmif vkyf
jcif;u ydkjyD; &cdkifjynfESifh&cdkifvlrsdK;
twGuf tusdK;jzpfxGef;rnf[k,lq
onf/ &cdkifhya&mfzuf&Sif;e,f EdkifiH
a&;ygwDtzGJUtpnf;rsm; (Arak-
anese professional political parties
and organizations) rsm;vmav
av &cdkifvlrsdK; ArmuRefb0u
vGwfajrmufzdkU eD;uyfvmavav[k
om ajym&ayrnf/
wbuf w G i f Armppf t k y f p k
onf ajcwvSrf; tjrJwrf;omae
onf/ Armrsm;udkMunfhvQif tjyif
yef;u nDnGwfa&;ûyduGJaeoa,mif
&Sdayr,fh twGif;xJwGif jrefrmEdkif
iH\ t"duEdkifiHa&;a&pD;aMumif;
(Mainstream political trend of
Burma)tm; ArmtrsdK;om;a&;0g'D
rsm;u xdef;csLyfxm;onfudk awGU&
rnfjzpfonf/ xdkUtjyif 'Drdkua&pD
pepf ajymif;vJa&;wdkufyGJrSonf
omrefEdkifiHom;tcGifh ta&;vIyf&Sm;
rIrsm; (Civil Right movements)odkU
toGiful;ajymif;oGm;onfudk owd
xm;oifhonf/ þvrf;aMumif;t
wdkif; aemufxyf tenf;qkH; ESpf
aygif;ajrmufrsm;pGm Armhenf;Armh
[efjzifh vdk&mykHpHoGif;&if; ArmMuD;
pdk;a&;0g'tm; taumiftxnfazmf
oGm;rnfrSm aocsmaeonf/
tckvdkumvrsdK;wGif &cdkifwdkU
taejzifh nDnGwfa&;qdkonfhpum;
vkH;udk xdkifajymaejcif;xuf t&nf
tcsif; t&nftaoG;jrSifhwifa&;
tydkif;ESifh EdkifiHa&;rsdK;qufopfw
&yf ay:xGef;vma&;udk OD;pm;ay;
vkyfaqmifoifhonf[k xifonf/
tem*wfudk vSrf;MunfhjyD; ypöu©udk
jyifqif wnfaqmuf&rnfhtcsdef
jzpfaeonf/ tem*wfudk rcspfyJ
EdkifiHa&;vkyfvQif EdkifiHa&;emwwf
ovdk tem*wfonf arG;&mygqdk
aomfjim;vnf; arG;jrLzdkUrpOf;pm;
vQif EdkifiHa&;vrf;p aysmuf&Swwf
onf[kom xyfavmif;ajymcsif
onf/ wOD;csif;wzGJUcsif; tm;
aumif;armif;oefjzpfvmrS aoG;ppf
onfh nDnGwfa&;udk&Edkifrnfjzpf
onf/ opfyifrsm;pdrf;pdkvef;qef;
roefpGrf;vQif awmtkyfaumif; jzpf
vmzG,fr&Sdyg/
acwfopf ArmEdkifiHa&;ordkif;
wG i f Armacgif ; aqmif A d k v f c sKyf
atmifqef;OD;aqmifonfh &Jabmf
okH;usdyftkyfpkom ray:xGef;cJhvQif
,aeUArmrsm;u vuf0g;MuD;tkyf
aoG;pkyf cs,fvS,faeaom jrefrm
EdkifiH.yx0Dtaetxm;onf wrsdK;
wzkH ajymif;vJaeayvdrfhrnf/ xdk
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ppf0g'DArmrsm;MuD;pdk;aeonfh jrefrm
EdkifiHESifh EdkifiHa&;uHMur®mtm; vrf;
aMumif;xGif zefwD;jyXgef;ay;cJhonf
[k ajym&ayrnf/ pkaygif; OD;aqmif
rIESifh pkaygif;vIyf&Sm;rI (Collective
leading and activities)onf EdkifiH
a&;tajymif ; tvJ \ tc&mjzpf
onf/ tu,fí &cdkifhEdkifiHa&;
awmf v S e f a &;avmuwG i f tm;
aumif;onfh EdkifiHa&;awmfvSefa&;
tkyfpkwpkay:xGef;vmcJhvQif ,ck
&ifqdkifae&aom nDnGwfa&;ûyduGJ
aejcif; (odkUr[kwf) uGJjym;jyefUusJ
aeaom vlESpfa,mufokH;a,muf
ygonfh *dkPf;cGJuav;rsm;tm; wpk
wnf ; xm;ír&Ed k i f j cif ; twG i f ;
jyóemrsm; tvdktavsmuf csKyf
jidrf;oGm;Edkifonf/
(2010)tvGef ESpftenf;i,f
umvtwGif;wGif Armppfacgif;
aqmifoef;a&T aooGm;Edkifovdk
teft,fvf'Dudk xdef;csKyfxm;aom
ppf0g'Da[mif;atmifa&Tvnf; ao
oGm;Edkifonf/ rif;aoacwfajymif;
wwfaom Arm&mZ0if "avhxkH;
pHtwdkif; tvSnfhtajymif;umvu
tajymif ; tvJ u d k zef w D ; ay;Ed k i f
onf/ odkUaomf ArmwGif EdkifiHa&;
tmPmtm; vSrf;qkyf,lrnfh EdkifiH
a&;tiftm;pkrsm;u tqifoifh&Sdae
onf/ &cdkifom;wGif tqifoifh
jzpfaeaom EdkifiHa&;tkyfpkr&Sdyg[k
pdwfraumif;pGm ajym&ayrnf/ pGrf;
aqmif&nfjynfh0aom EdkifiHa&;
tkyfpkr&SdyJ EdkifiHa&;tcGifhtvrf;tm;
&vmEdkifp&m taMumif;r&Sdyg/ odkU
vQif Armrsm;uom ay:vpDcsrSwf
tkyfcsLyfrItydkif;udk tjrJwrf; xdef;
csLyfxm;EdkifjyD; &cdkifom;rsm;onf
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif rnfuJhodkUaom Edkif
iHa&;pepfrsm;yifajymif;ajymif; t
tkyfcsLyfcH uRefb0üom epfrGef;ae
&ayvdrfhrnf/
ed*kH;csKyftaejzifh aqG;aEG;vdk
onfrSm &cdkifhEdkifiHa&;rsdK;qufopf
w&yfay:xGef;vma&;udk OD;wnf
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opfwck 0dkif;0ef;wnfaqmufay;
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rsm;wGif a&muf&SdaeMuaom &cdkif
rsdK;cspfrsm;? EdkifiHa&; awmfvSefa&;
acgif ; aqmif r sm;u uruxûy
vkyfjyD; &cdkifvli,frsm;nDvmcHudk
usif;yay;oifhonf/ xdknDvmcHrS
acgif;aqmifEdkifrI pGrf;&nfjynfh0
aom vli,frsm;ESifh tem*wfrsdK;
qufopfrsm;udk a&G;cs,fpkpnf;í
&cdkifvli,frsm;tzGJUcsLyfudk zGJUpnf;
wnfaxmifoifhonf/ tem*wf
onf vli,frsm;vufxJ wnf&Sdo
vdk xdkvli,frsm; vGwfvyfpGm &Sif
oefvmap&efESifh &cdkifhEdkifiHa&;
uHMur®mtm; jyXgef;zefwD;vmEdkif
ap&ef vlMuD;rsm;u vrf;zGifhvrf;jy
ay;oifhonf/ odkUrSom aumif;arG
rsm;udk vufqifhurf;o,faqmif
ay;&if; rsdK;qufrjywfonfh vlU
abmif u d k xl a xmif E d k i f a yrnf /
wcsdKU&cdkifrsm;u &cdkifrsm;tm;vkH;
wufa&mufEdkifaom &cdkiftrsdK;om;
nDvmcHudk usif;ycsifMuayvdrfh
rnf/ odkUaomf þodkU tm;vkH;yg
aom nDvmcHudkusif;yjcif;onf
&cdkifacwfopf EdkifiHa&;ordkif;u
awmif;qdkaeaom vdktyfcsufESifh
tenf;i,fvGJacsmfaeonf/ qdkvdk
onf r S m tqif h a usmf a eonf /
tqifhausmfvQif xdef;rEdkifodrf;r&
jzpfwwfjyD; tusdK;&v'faumif;
rxGufwwfjcif;rsdK; jzpfwwfonf/
EdkifiHa&;udk 0&kef;okef;um;jzifh vl
rsm;jyD;yGJrpnfvkyfjcif;xuf tESpf
om&&Sd&Sd? tpDtpOf&Sd&Sd? tem*wf
tjrif&Sd&Sd? EdkifiHa&;tjrifopf (New
political vision)jzifh EdkifiHa&; ,Of
aus;rIudkjrSifhwifjyD; EdkifiHa&;tcif;
tusif;opfudk zefwD;ay;Edkifjcif;u
om &cdkifwrsdK;om;vkH; awmifhw
aeaom vGwfvyfvdkjcif;qE´udk
jznfhqnf;ay;&m a&mufaeayvdrfh
rnf/ &cdkifvlxku ,kHMunfaom
&cd k i f v l x k u d k OD ; aqmif E d k i f a om
urÇmvkH;EdkifiHa&; (Global Politics)
ESifhyg rsufajcrjywfaom &cdkifvl
i,f a cgif ; aqmif r sm;ud k ûypk y sd K ;
axmif arG;jrLay;a&;onf &cdkifol
&cdkifom;wdkif;wGif wm0ef&SdaMumif;
ajym&if ; þaqG ; aEG ; tMuH û ypm
tm; tqkH;owfvdkuf&ygonf/