1.

2.
3.
4.
5.

6.



(co-ordinating fiber)





( nerve net )

-

(nerve ganglion)
(brain)
- (nerve cord)

(ladder type)

(nerve ring)


-



-



-
( brain )
- ( spinal cord )
-

 ( embryo )

( neueal tube ) 3
-
-
-


- ( nerve cell ) ( neuron )

-
-

Na+


( cell body )
( nerve fiber )

 (cell body)
4-25
( cytoplasm )
( nucleus )
( mitochondria )
( endoplasmic reticolum )
( golgi complex )

 (nerve fiber)

2
- ( dendrite )
- ( axon )

 ( dendrite )
-
- 1
-

 (axon)
-

 ( myelin sheath )
- ( lipid )
- ( schwann cell )
-
( node of ranvier )

 3
1.
2.
3.

 ( sensory neuron )
-

-

 (motor neuron)
-

 ( association neuron )
-


-

 3
1.
2.
3.

 ( unipolar neuron )
-

-
-

 ( bipolar neuron )
-
-
- ,
,

 ( multipolar neuron )
-

( scheann cell )



-
-
-
-
( symapse )

-
,,

-

(A.L .Hodgkin) (A.F. Huxley)

(microelectrode)

(cathode ray
oscilloscope)


-
70
(resting membrane potential)
-

Na+
K+


- Na+
- K+
- ATP
ATP Na+
K+
3 Na+ : 2 K+
(sodium potassium pump)


(depolarization)
-
-
- Na+ (
70
+ 50 )


(repolarization)
-
- + 50
70
-


( action potential ) ( nerve impluse )
-

 (myelin sheath)
-

-

-

-
(
)


( otto Loewi )
-
10 1

1 2
10
2


10
-


-
-
-
(neurotransmitter)

( acetylcholine )
( eoinephrine)
( norepinephrine )
( endorphine )


10 (
) (acetylcholine)

(synapse)
- 0.5
-


-
-


-
-

-
( )
-

-


-
-


-
-



1.
-
-
-
2.
-
-
-



3. ,,
-
-
4.
-



2
1. (central nervous system CNS

2. (peripheral nervous system
PNS)

 (central nervous system CNS)

3
-

-
-

- (cerebrospinal fluid)

 (brain)
- 1.4 3
-

-
90 (
)

 (Alzheimers disease)
-

 2
1. (grey matter)
-
-
2. (white matter)
- (lipid)


-

-
-

1. (forebrain)
2. (midbrain)
3. (hindbrain)

 (forebrain)
-

(olfactory bulb)
(cerebrum)
(hypothalamus)
(thalamus)

 (midbrain)
- (optic lobe)

 (hindbrain)
- (cerebellum)
- (medulla oblongata)
- (pons)

 (olfactory bulb)

-
-

 (cerebrum)

-
-
-
-
-
-
-

 (hypothalamus)

-
-
-
-
-

-

 (thalamus)
-

 (optic lobe)
-

-

 (cerebellum)
-
-

 (medulla oblongata)
-

 (pons)
-
-
-

 (spinal cord)
-
2
-


- (white matter)

- (grey matter)

- (central canal)


- H
- 2 (dorsal horn)
- 2 (ventral horn)


(peripheral nervous system PNS)
- (cranial nerve) 12
- (spinal nerve) 31

 (cranial nerve)
-

10
12

 (spinal nerve)

31

- 8
- 12
- 5
- 5
- 1

 (spinal nerve)
-

- (dorsal root)

 (spinal nerve)
-
(dorsal root ganglion)
- (Ventral root)
-


.
. 1 2
. 3 4



2
(sensory division)
(motor division)



(somatic nervous system SNS)

(autonomic nervous system ANS)

 2
(sympathetic nervous system )
(parasympathetic nervous system)

 (somatic nervous system SNS)

 (somatic nervous system SNS)

 (somatic nervous system SNS)

(reflex)

(reflex action)


. .


(reflex arc)
5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

 (reflex arc)


2


(automomic nervous system ANS)


(automomic nervous system ANS)


(automomic nervous system ANS)




(antonomic
ganglion)


(automomic nervous system ANS)


.
.


(automomic nervous system ANS)




2.5
3
1. (sclera)
2. (choroid)
3. (retina)

 (sclera)

(cornea)

 (choroid)

 (lens)

2
1.
2.

 (lens)
(iris)

(pupil)

2
1.
2.
**

 (retina)
2
1. (rod cell)
2. (cone cell)





125

10

 (retina)

2

 (retina)
** (fovea)


**


(blind spot)

 (retina)


(suspensory ligament)
(ciliary muscle)


. .






1.

2. (cylindrical lens)



(rhodopsin)
(rhodopsin)
1. (opsin)
2. (retinol)


A
A



(color blind)
(color blind)


(ear)

 (outer ear)
(ear pinna)
(ear canal)
(ear dram tympanic membrane)

(middle ear)

(eustachian tube

1. (malleus)
2. (incus)
3. (stapes)
**
22

(inner ear)
(cochlea)

(semicircular canal)

(inner ear)


(cochlea)

(inner ear)
(cochlea)




(auditory nerve)

(inner ear)



3
(semicircularcanal)

(inner ear)
(semicircularcanal)

(ampulla)
(hair cell)



(olfactory)
(olfactory bulb)


(olfactory neuron)

(olfactory nerve)



(papilla) (taste bud)
(gustatory cell)

7 9

(skin)

1.
1.1
1.2
1.3 (dermis)

(skin)
2.
(epidermis)
3.

4.