SCIENCE TUSYEN 1. FORM 1. Chapter 3.

MATTER

Chapter 4. DIVERSITY OF RESOURCES ON EARTH

SCIENCE TUSYEN 3. FORM 1. Chapter 5. AIR AROUND US

SCIENCE TUSYEN. FORM 1. CHAPTER 6. SOURCES AND FORMS OF ENERGY

SCIENCE TUSYEN FORM 1 CHAPTER 7. HEAT AND ITS TRANSFER

VARIOUS FORMS OF ENERGY

CHEMICAL ENERGY POTENTIAL ENERGY KINETIC ENERGY

HEAT ENERGY

SOUND ENERGY

ELECTRIVAL ENERGY

ENERGY
LIGHT ENERGY MECHANICAL ENERGY NUCLEAR ENERGY

OXYGEN IN AIR

RUSTING
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

ANIMALS AND HUMANS

GREEN PLANTS

CARCASSES

FOSSIL FUELS

METALS

DECOMPOSITION RESPIRATION COMBUSTION

CARBON DIOXIDE IN AIR

SOURCES OF ENERGY ON EARTH

RENEWABLE
BIOMASS SOLAR HYDRO WIND GEO THERMAL WAVES

NON RENEWABLE

FOSSIL FUELS NUCLEAR COAL PETROLEUM NATURAL GAS

EXAMPLES OF ENERGY CONVERTER

ENERGY CONVERTER RADIO TELEVISION GAS STOVE ELECTRIC FAN ENERGY CONVERSION Electrical energy Electrical energy energy Chemical energy Electrical energy sound energy light energy heat energy kinetic energy electrical energy heat energy heat light sound light energy

BICYCLE Kinetic energy DYNAMO energy ELECTRIC IRON Electrical energy HAIR-DRYER ELECTRIC RICE COOKER LIGHT BULB

Electrical energy kinetic energy energy sound energy Electrical energy heat energy Electrical energy energy heat energy

light

THE PRINCIPLE OF ENERGY CONSERVATION

~ Energy cannot be created or destroyed

~ Energy can only be converted from one form to another

ENERGY IS CONSERVED Amount of energy Amount of energy before conversion after conversion

PROCESSES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION

LIGHT ENERGY (from the sun) CHEMICAL ENERGY (in food)
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

CHEMICAL ENERGY (in food) HEAT ENERGY + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE

RESPIRATION

COMPARISON BETWEEN CONDUCTION, CONVECTION AND RADIATION

CONDUCTION ~ Transferred by particles that vibrate and collide with other particles ~ Occurs in solids, liquids and gases but most effective in solids ~ Does not occur in a vacuum ~ rapid process CONVECTION ~ Transferred by particles that move and form a convectional current ~ Occurs in fluids Like liquids and gases most effective ~ Does not occur in a vacuum ~ slow process RADIATION ~ Radiated by a hot body to surrounding

~ Occurs without any medium ~ Can occur in a vacuum ~ rapid process (light Speed)

CARS RADIATOR ~ to remove heat produced in engine by convection through water in the radiator

THERMOS FLASK ~ vacuum space prevent heat loss by conduction and convection ~ silver layered prevent heat loss by radiation

TO WARM BODY ~ fire to warm our bodies prevent heat transfer by radiation from our body to surrounding

USAGE OF THE PRINCIPLE OF HEAT TRANSFER IN SOLVING PROBLEMS

HOT ROOM 1. the ventilation system of a building ~ hot air rises out through upper section (air holes) 2. air conditioner ~ apply principle of convection, fixed at upper section COLD ROOM Air heater and heating system ~ apply principle of convection, fixed at lower Section. Hot air which produced moves up while the cold air moves down

METHODS OF HEAT TRANSFER

CONDUCTION: ~ Heat transfer through solid from a high temperature to a low temperature Examples of good conductors are metal. Copper Aluminium Iron decrease CONVECTION: ~ Heat transfer in a fluid from A hot to a less hot area

RADIATION: ~ Heat transfer from a heat source to its surroundings without the need of medium (air or vacuum)

~ Hot fluid (less dense) move up ~ Cold fluid (more dense) move down

~ Can be absorbed or reflected ~ travel at speed of light

CONDUCTORS
Materials that conduct heat easily Examples: Metals ~ copper, iron mercury, aluminium Applications: ~ cooking utensils ~ radiator coil in vehicle ~ mercury thermometer ~ wire gauze (steel) ~ heating coil electric kettle ~ soldering iron made of copper ~ Davy safety light

AND

INSULATORS
Materials Conduct that heat do not easily

Examples: Wood, plastic, rubber, water and air Applications ~ handles of cooking utensils ~ polystyrene food containers ~ fibreglass refrigerators ~ sawdust prevent ice melt ~ fur clothing keep body warm ~ blanket keep body warm ~ igloo ~ sleeping bag

NATURAL APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF CONVECTION

LAND BREEZE ~ at night, land cools faster than sea ~ hot air from the sea rises and it is replaced by cold air from the land SEA BREEZE ~ during day time, land heats up faster than sea ~ hot air from the land rises and it is replaced by cold air from the sea

NATURAL APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF RADIATION

Earth and sun separated by vacuum. Heat from sun is transferred To earth by radiation without the need of medium

ABSORPTION

AND

RADIATION

All materials can absorb and radiate DEPENDS ON: 1. surrounding temperature ~ object that has higher temperature than its surrounding, radiates heat ~ object that has lower temperature than its surrounding, absorbs heat 2. nature of its surface ~ dark and dull best for absorbing heat ~ bright and shiny best for reflecting heat
NATURE OF SURFACE HEAT ABSORPTION

HEAT RADIATION GOOD BAD BAD GOOD

DULL SHINY BRIGHT DARK

GOOD BAD BAD GOOD