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Sheet

SRI & SRI'S ASSOCIATES SDN.BHD - GEO-6

RETAINING WALL 3.10m to 4.50m
KL GEOTECHNIC SDN. BHD
Checked by
SRI
SRI

Date

10/5/2011

Retaining Wall Design : Ver W2.5.07 - 24 Aug 2011

Title : RETAINING WALL 3.10m To 4.50m
C14

Input Data
Wall Dimensions

H1
H2
H3
Hw
Hr
B
D

(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)

5.5
1
0
2

C
F
xf
At
Ab
2.00 Cov wall
0.40 Cov base

Unfactored Live Loads

(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
mm
mm

0.4
0.60
1.00
0.25
0.4
50
50

W
P
xp
L
xl
Lh
x

General Parameters

0
0
0
0
0
0
0.1

(kN/m)
(kN)
(m)
(kN/m)
(m)
(kN/m)
(m)

()
Soil frict
Fill slope ()
Wall frict ()
Conc kN/m3
kN/m3
Soil
fcu
(MPa)
fy
(MPa)

Design Parameters

33
25
15
24
19
25
460

SF Overt.
SF Slip
ULS DL Factor
ULS LL Factor
Pmax
(kPa)
Soil Poisson
DL Factor Ovt.

Seepage not allowed

Active pressure NOT applied on back of shear key for sliding
Theory
: Coulomb
Wall type : Cantilever

SEISMIC ANALYSIS SETTINGS:

Seismic Analysis ON/OFF:OFF

Hor Accel.

(g)

Vert Accel.

(g)

Include LL's

VALUES OF PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS:

Active Pressure coefficient Ka :0.410
Passive Pressure coefficient Kp :5.854
Base frictional constant :0.649

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT SLS:

All forces/moments are per m
Description
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa
Triangular W-table press Pw
Hydrostatic pressure on bot
of base: uniform portion
Hydrostatic pressure on bot
of base: triangular portion
Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp
Weight of the wall + base
Weight of soil on the base
Hydrostatic pressure on top
of rear portion of base
Hydrostatic pressure on top
of front portion of base

width
FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )
F Horizontal
Lever arm F Vertical
Lever arm
left (+)
down (+)
113.431
11.581

-55.616

1.833
0.667

2.383
2.397
1.400

0.000

1.867

72.420
58.540
6.278

1.830
1.968
2.600

0.000

1.000

0.333

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT SLS

All forces/moments are per m

31.589
0.000
0.000

width

1.Moment Equilibrium
Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.

2
2.0
1.4
1.6
150
0.1
0.9

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Calcs by

SRI & SRI'S ASSOCIATES SDN.BHD - GEO-6

RETAINING WALL 3.10m to 4.50m
KL GEOTECHNIC SDN. BHD
Checked by
SRI
SRI

Sheet

Date

10/5/2011

For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:

Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.
Stabilizing moment Mr : 282.61 kNm
Destabilizing moment Mo : 140.39 kNm
Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 2.013
2.Force Equilibrium at SLS
Sum of Vertical forces Pv
Frictional resistance Pfric
Passive Pressure on shear key
Passive pressure on base
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr

: 168.83 kN
: 109.64 kN
: 86.76 kN
: 55.62 kN
: 252.02 kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw : 125.01 kN

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht :
0.00 kN
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh : 125.01 kN
Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 2.016

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT ULS:

All forces/moments are per m
Description
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa
Triangular W-table press Pw
Hydrostatic pressure on bot
of base: uniform portion
Hydrostatic pressure on bot
of base: triangular portion
Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp
Weight of the wall + base
Weight of soil on the base
Hydrostatic pressure on top
of rear portion of base
Hydrostatic pressure on top
of front portion of base

width
FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )
F Horizontal
Lever arm F Vertical
Lever arm
left (+)
down (+)
158.803
16.213

-50.055

1.833
0.667

44.224
0.000
0.000

2.383
2.397
1.400

0.000

1.867

65.178
52.686
5.651

1.830
1.968
2.600

0.000

1.000

0.333

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT ULS

All forces/moments are per m

width

1.Moment Equilibrium
Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.
For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:
Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.
Stabilizing moment Mr : 254.35 kNm
Destabilizing moment Mo : 196.55 kNm
Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 1.294
2.Force Equilibrium at ULS

Job Number
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Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
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Client
Calcs by

SRI & SRI'S ASSOCIATES SDN.BHD - GEO-6

RETAINING WALL 3.10m to 4.50m
KL GEOTECHNIC SDN. BHD
Checked by
SRI
SRI

Sum of Vertical forces Pv

Frictional resistance Pfric
Passive Pressure on shear key
Passive pressure on base
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr

Sheet

Date

: 151.94 kN
: 98.67 kN
: 78.09 kN
: 50.05 kN
: 226.81 kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw : 175.02 kN

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht :
0.00 kN
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh : 175.02 kN
Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 1.296

SOIL PRESSURES UNDER BASE AT SLS

Maximum pressure :133.60 kPa
Minimum pressure : 0 kPa at 0.27 m from right hand side of base.
Maximum pressure occurs at left hand side of base

WALL MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO BS8110 - 1997

Position from
base top (m )
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.31
0.41
0.51
0.61
0.71
0.82
0.92
1.02
1.12
1.22
1.33
1.43
1.53
1.63
1.73
1.84
1.94
2.04
2.14
2.24
2.35
2.45
2.55
2.65
2.75
2.86
2.96
3.06
3.16
3.26
3.37
3.47
3.57
3.67
3.77
3.88
3.98
4.08
4.18
4.28
4.39
4.49

Moment
(kNm )
225.59
213.27
201.30
189.32
177.48
165.93
154.81
144.23
134.19
124.67
115.64
107.10
99.02
91.38
84.16
77.34
70.91
64.85
59.14
53.77
48.75
44.04
39.65
35.56
31.76
28.24
24.99
22.01
19.27
16.76
14.49
12.43
10.57
8.91
7.43
6.13
4.99
4.00
3.15
2.43
1.83
1.34
0.94
0.63
0.40

Front Reinforcing Back Reinforcing Nominal (0.13%)

(mm/m )
(mm/m )
(mm/m )
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

1659.55
1575.76
1494.03
1411.43
1329.17
1248.43
1170.40
1095.97
1025.13
957.74
893.64
832.69
774.95
722.21
671.79
623.60
577.56
533.59
491.67
451.77
413.86
377.92
343.92
311.82
281.59
253.21
226.62
201.81
178.73
157.33
137.58
119.43
102.84
87.75
74.12
61.90
51.02
41.42
33.05
25.83
19.71
14.60
10.43
7.12
4.57

523.90
520.00
516.10
512.20
508.30
504.40
500.50
496.60
492.70
488.80
484.90
481.00
477.10
473.20
469.30
465.40
461.50
457.60
453.70
449.80
445.90
442.00
438.10
434.20
430.30
426.40
422.50
418.60
414.70
410.80
406.90
403.00
399.10
395.20
391.30
387.40
383.50
379.60
375.70
371.80
367.90
364.00
360.10
356.20
352.30

10/5/2011

Job Number
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Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
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4.59
4.69
4.79
4.90
5.00
5.10

Client
Calcs by

0.23
0.12
0.05
0.02
0.00
0.00

SRI & SRI'S ASSOCIATES SDN.BHD - GEO-6

RETAINING WALL 3.10m to 4.50m
KL GEOTECHNIC SDN. BHD
Checked by
SRI
SRI
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

2.71
1.43
0.63
0.20
0.04
0.00

Sheet

Date

348.40
344.50
340.60
336.70
332.80
328.90

BASE MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO BS8110 - 1997

Position from
left (m )
0.00
0.06
0.11
0.17
0.22
0.28
0.34
0.39
0.45
0.50
0.56
0.62
0.67
0.73
0.78
0.84
0.90
0.95
1.01
1.06
1.12
1.18
1.23
1.29
1.34
1.40
1.46
1.51
1.57
1.62
1.68
1.74
1.79
1.85
1.90
1.96
2.02
2.07
2.13
2.18
2.24
2.30
2.35
2.41
2.46
2.52
2.58
2.63
2.69
2.74
2.80

Moment
(kNm )
-0.00
-0.15
-0.60
-1.36
-2.42
-3.77
-5.43
-7.40
-9.66
-12.23
-15.10
-18.27
-21.74
-25.51
-29.59
-33.97
-38.65
-43.63
-48.91
-54.50
-60.38
-66.57
-73.06
-79.86
-86.95
-94.35
-102.05
-110.05
-118.35
-126.96
-135.86
-145.07
-154.58
-164.39
-174.51
-184.92
-195.64
-206.66
-217.98
-229.61
-241.53
-242.40
25.03
16.97
13.41
10.27
7.54
5.24
3.35
1.89
0.84

Top Reinforcing
(mm/m )
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
94.78
72.57
53.32
37.02
23.70
13.33
5.92

Bot Reinforcing
(mm/m )
0.00
1.07
4.27
9.60
17.07
26.67
38.41
52.27
68.28
86.41
106.68
129.08
153.62
180.29
209.09
240.03
273.10
308.31
345.65
385.12
426.72
470.46
516.34
564.34
614.48
666.76
721.16
777.70
836.38
899.21
966.26
1036.20
1109.12
1185.10
1264.25
1346.65
1432.43
1521.71
1614.61
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Nominal (0.13%)
(mm/m )
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00
520.00

SHEAR CHECK AT WALL-BASE JUNCTION TO BS8110 - 1997

Shear force at bottom of wall V = 151.9 kN
Shear stress at bottom of wall v = 0.45 MPa OK
Allowable shear stress vc = 0.51 MPa (based on Wall tensile reinf.)

10/5/2011

Job Number
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

Client
Calcs by

SRI & SRI'S ASSOCIATES SDN.BHD - GEO-6

RETAINING WALL 3.10m to 4.50m
KL GEOTECHNIC SDN. BHD
Checked by
SRI
SRI

Sheet

Date

10/5/2011

Sketch of Wall

Design code: BS8110 - 1997

0.10
0.25
25.00

0.40

0.60

1.00
2.00

5.50

15.00

133.6kPa
Wall type: Cantilever
Theory: Coulomb

33.00

2.00 0.40
0.40
1.00
Ka=0.41
Kp=5.85
=0.65
V=151.9kN
v= 0.45MPa
vc= 0.51MPa

SFslip = 2.02
SFslip (ULS) = 1.30
SFovt = 2.01
SFovt (ULS) = 1.29

Wall Bending Moments

Moment max = 225.6kNm @ -.400m

Wall Moments
5.00
4.50
4.00
3.50

2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00

Bending moment (kNm)

200

150

100

50.0

.500
0.00

Height (m)

3.00

Job Number
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

Client
Calcs by

Sheet

SRI & SRI'S ASSOCIATES SDN.BHD - GEO-6

RETAINING WALL 3.10m to 4.50m
KL GEOTECHNIC SDN. BHD
Checked by
SRI
SRI

Date

10/5/2011

Base Bending Moments

Base Moments

Moment max = -242.4kNm @ 2.20m

2.80

2.60

2.40

2.20

2.00

1.80

1.60

1.40

1.20

1.00

.800

.600

Bending moment (kNm)

.400

.200

20.0
-20.0
-40.0
-60.0
-80.0
-100
-120
-140
-160
-180
-200
-220
-240

Position (m)
Wall Reinforcement

Reinf. max = 1660 mm/m @ 0.00m

Wall Reinforcement
5.00
4.50
Nominal

4.00

3.00
Back

2.00
1.50
1.00

Front

Reinforcement (mm/m)

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

.500
200

Height (m)

3.50

2.50

Job Number
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

Client
Calcs by

Sheet

SRI & SRI'S ASSOCIATES SDN.BHD - GEO-6

RETAINING WALL 3.10m to 4.50m
KL GEOTECHNIC SDN. BHD
Checked by
SRI
SRI

Date

10/5/2011

Base Reinforcement

Base Reinforcement

Reinf. max = 1615 mm/m @ 2.09m

1600
1400

Reinforcement (mm/m)

1200
1000
800
600

Nominal
Nominal

400

Schematic Reinforcement

Y12@200 (Hor)
Y12@200 (Hor)
Y25@250 (NF)
Y12@200 (FF)
1-R10/m2 clips
1-R10/m2 clips
Y12@200 starters

FRONT

Y25@175 starters
Y12@200 (T1)
Y25@300 (B1)
Y12@200 (T2)
Y12@200 (B2)
Y12@200
Y12@200 (EF)

SECTION

Top

2.80

2.60

2.40

2.20

2.00

1.80

1.60

1.40

1.20

1.00

.800

.600

.400

.200

200

Position (m)