Mn hc

IN T CNG SUT






Dn bi in t cng sut 1
Trang 1/ Chng 1_M u Hunh Vn Kim
Mon ho c IEN T CONG SUAT
( Mach ien t cong suat, ieu khien va ng dung )
Tai lieu tham khao:
- tieng Anh: - POWER ELECTRONICS Circuits, devices and applications , M.H. Rashid
Pearson Education Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall 2004.
- tieng Viet: - Bai giang ien tu cong suat 1 & Bai tap, PTS. Nguyen van Nh, Khoa
ien & ien t, HBK TP HCM
- ien tu cong suat, NGUYEN BNH, Hanoi, nha xuat ban KHKT
- ien t cong suat va ieu khien ong c ien, ( dch t tieng Anh )
Chng 1 : M AU
I.1 CAC KHAI NIEM:
- Cac ten goi cua mon hoc:
ien t cong suat (Power Electronics)
ien t cong suat ln.
Ky thuat bien oi ien nang.
- TCS la mot bo phan cua ien t ng
dung hay ien t cong nghiep.
Hnh 1.0 : S o khoi thiet b TCS
- Phan loai cac bo Bien oi (BB - Converter) theo muc ch:
AC --> DC: chnh lu
AC --> AC: BB ap AC, Bien tan.
DC --> DC: BB ap DC
DC --> AC: Nghch lu
- Bo Bien oi = Mach TCS + bo IEU KHIEN
Mach TCS gii han cac s o s dung linh kien ien t lam viec che o ong ngat,
goi la Ngat ien ien T (NBD) hay Ban Dan dung cho bien oi nang lng ien.
Bo IEU KHIEN = Mach ieu khien vong kn (neu co) + Mach phat xung.
Mach phat xung cung cap dong, ap ieu khien cac NBD e chung co the ong ngat theo
trnh t mong muon.
V du Ngat ien Ban Dan: Diod, Transistor, SCR ...
- BB con co the phan loai theo phng thc hoat ong cua NBD.
I.2 NGAT IEN BAN DAN:
Con goi la ngat ien ien t ( NT ), la cac linh kien ien t dung trong mach TCS
c ly tng hoa e cac khao sat cua mach TCS co gia tr tong quat bao gom ( hnh 1.1 ):
- DIODE ( chnh lu ): Phan t dan ien mot chieu co hai trang thai:
BB
http://www.ebook.edu.vn






Hc k 2 nm hc 2004-2005

Trang 2/ Chng 1_M u
ON : khi phan cc thuan: V
AK
> 0, co the xem sut ap thuan V
F
= 0, dong qua mach
phu thuoc nguon va cac phan t thu ong khac.
OFF : khi phan cc ngc: V
AK
< 0, co the xem nh h mach.
Diode NDBDMC SCR
Hnh 1.1: Cac loai ngat ien ban dan.
- SCR ( Chnh lu co ieu khien ): Hoat ong nh sau:
OFF : Co the ngat mach ca hai chieu ( VAK > 0 va VAK < 0 ) khi khong co tn hieu
ieu khien : G = 0.
ON : SCR tr nen dan ien ( ong mach ) khi co tn hieu ieu khien: G 0 va phan
cc thuan VAK > 0. iem at biet la SCR co kha nang t gi trang thai dan ien: no khong can
tn hieu G khi a ON, SCR ch tr ve trang thai ngat khi dong qua no giam ve 0.
- Ngat ien ban dan mot chieu ( NBDMC ), goi tat la ngat ien hay TRANSISTOR co
hoat ong nh sau:
OFF : Ngat mach khi khong co tn hieu ieu khien : G = 0. Cung nh cac
TRANSISTOR, NBDMC khong cho phep phan cc ngc ( VS luon luon > 0 ) .
ON : NBDMC tr nen dan ien ( ong mach ) khi co tn hieu ieu khien: G 0 va
tr ve trang thai ngat ma ch khi mat tn hieu G. NBDMC co hai loai chnh : BJT tng ng tn
hieu G la dong cc B, va MOSFET cong suat vi G la ap V
GS
.
Cac NBD ly thuyet tren ch lam viec vi mot chieu cua dong ien, trong khi cac linh
kien ien t cong suat thc te co the dan ien ca hai chieu, luc o mach khao sat se bieu dien
bang to hp cac NBD ly thuyet.
I.3 NOI DUNG KHAO SAT MACH TCS:
au vao khao sat : Mach TCS + tn hieu ieu khien NBD + ac tnh tai.
au ra: hoat ong cua mach: u(t), i(t) cac phan t
=> Cac ac trng ap, dong, cong suat
1. Cac ac trng ap, dong:
- Gia tr cc ai:
- Gia tr trung bnh V
O
, I
O

- Gia tr hieu dung V
R
, I
R
Cac bieu thc cho dong ien trung bnh va hieu dung:
G
http://www.ebook.edu.vn






Dn bi in t cng sut 1
Trang 3/ Chng 1_M u Hunh Vn Kim
[ ] ) (
1
) (
1
2
0
= =
T
R
T
dt t i
T
I dt t i
T
I <1.1>
Cac bieu thc cho ien ap V
O
, V
R
cung co dang tng t.
2. Song hai bac cao va he so hnh dang:

=
+ =

= + =
= =
= + = + + =
1 n
2
n
2
o R
n
n 1
n
2
n
2
n n
T
n
T
n
1 n
n n n n 0 n
1 n
n 0
V
2
1
V V
B
A
tg B A V
dt t n cos ) t ( v
T
2
B dt t n sin ) t ( v
T
2
A
) t n sin( V v v V ) t n cos B t n sin A ( V ) t ( v

va
vi

<1.2>
trong o : V
0
: tr so trung bnh ( thanh phan mot chieu ) cua v(t)
: tan so goc cua v(t), chu ky T=/2 .
v
n
: so ng ha i ba c n co ta n so n
A
n
, B
n
: cac thanh phan sin, cos cua song hai bac n
V
n
,
n
: bien o va lech pha cua song hai bac n .
V
R
: Tr hieu dung cua v(t).
He so hnh dang ( form factor ): t so gia gia tr hu dung va gia tr hieu dung,
v du vi bo bien oi co ngo ra mot chieu:
R
o
DC
V
V
KF =
V
O
: tr so trung bnh ap ra
V
R
: tr so hieu dung ap ra
v du vi bo bien oi co ngo ra xoay chieu:
1
AC
R
V
KF
V
=
V
1
: tr so hieu dung song hai bac 1 (c ban) ap ra
V
R
: tr so hieu dung ap ra
o bien dang (THD - Total harmonic distortion):
oi vi ngo ra DC:
2 2
R o
o
V V
THD
V

=
oi vi ngo ra AC:
2 2
1
1
R
V V
THD
V

= V
1
: song hai bac 1 (c ban)
3. Cong suat va he so cong suat: Bao gom:
- Cong suat tac dung P : bieu th nang lng s dung trong mot n v thi gian.
- Cong suat bieu kien S : tnh bang tch so gia tr hieu dung dong va ap, bieu th
nang lng s dung trong mot n v thi gian neu xem tai la thuan tr.
- He so cong suat HSCS hay cos : cho biet hieu qua s dung nang lng. Khi tai
la thuan tr , nguon ien hnh sin hay mot chieu se co HSCS bang 1.

S
P
HSCS I V S dt t i t v
T
P
R R
T
= = = =

cos ) ( ) (
1
<1.3>
Co nhieu bieu thc tnh cong suat trong mach TCS, phu thuoc vao muc ch s dung:
http://www.ebook.edu.vn






Hc k 2 nm hc 2004-2005

Trang 4/ Chng 1_M u

=
+ =
=
= =
1
2
1
1 1 1
2
1
1 0 0
1
n
n n n o
T
o
I V P
dt t i t v
T
P
I V P I V P
cos
) ( ) (
cos


<1.4>
P
1
:Khi quan tam en thanh phan c ban cua ngo
ra ( hnh sin tan so ), co ien ap va dong ien
bien o V
1
, I
1
, goc lech
1
.
P
O
hay P
DC
: cong suat mot chieu (tai ien mot
chieu) vi V
0
, I
0
la cac tr so ap, dong trung
bnh.
P : cong suat toan phan ngo ra, gom thanh phan mot chieu va song hai bac cao.
cac BB ngo ra ap mot chieu, V
0
, I
0
, P
DC
la cac thanh phan mong muon, song hai bac
cao (cac thanh phan hnh sin ) la khong mong muon, ch tao ra cac tac dung phu.
- Trng hp thng gap: ap nguon hnh sin hieu dung V, dong khong sin, gia tr hieu dung
thanh phan c ban la I
R1
:

1 1 1 1
cos cos
R R
R R
P VI I
HSCS
S VI I

= = =

Ket qua: Ch co trng hp dong mot chieu
phang nguon mot chieu phang, va dong hnh
sin ong pha vi ap nguon(cung hnh sin) la co
HSCS bang 1.


4. Phng phap nghien cu mach:
Hnh vd1: Trng hp nguon hnh sin, dong la xung
vuong HSCS khong the bang 1.
a. Mach ien t cong suat = to hp nhieu mach tuyen tnh thay oi theo trang thai cua cac
ngat ien:
Suy ra e giai mach TCS, ta luon phai kiem tra cac ieu kien e tm ra trang thai cua
cac ngat ien e chon ra s o noi mach.
V du 0: Mach chnh lu hnh (a) co the la cac mach hnh (b), (c), (c) tuy thuoc vao dong
ien tai i
O
:
v
o
o
i
v
(a)
R
D1
D2
L

Mach chnh lu ban song
co diod phong ien D2, v la
nguon xoay chieu.

o
i
v
o
v
(b)
L
R

ban ky v > 0, D1
dan dong i
O
> 0


i
o
v
o
(c)
L
R

Khi D2 dan ien,
D1 khong dan: v<0
va dong i
O
> 0.

o
o
i
v
(d)
R
L

Khi dong i
O
= 0
tng ng khong co
diod dan ien.
b. Giai trc tiep QTQ mach TCS bang PT vi phan hay bien oi Laplace:
http://www.ebook.edu.vn






Hc k 2 nm 2004-2005

Trang 28/Nghch lu c lp v bit tn http://www.khvt.com
Vi s o na cau, ieu khien khong
hoan toan c s dung. Do ngo ra bien
ap c chnh lu, tai bo nghch lu c
xem la thuan tr.
Hnh 6.7.1.b la mach ieu khien,
tac dung ay keo (push pull - hay luan
phien dan ien cua S1 va S2) nh bo
chia hai dung flipflop. ay la hat nhan
cua vi mach TL494.










23. Bo nguon xoay chieu khong
gian oan (bo lu ien hay
uninterrupted power supply):
V
S1
+
_
S2
D1
D2
C1
C2
T1
T1
L1
C3

hinh 5.25.a: mach dong luc han nghich luu cua ca dien
dong ngat (bo nguon xung) sJ do nua cau
Uk
u
B
S1
S2
Dao ong tam giac
1
2
3
4
5
6
2
CLK
Q
- Q

hinh 5.25.b: mach dieu khien nghich luu day keo ( dung
trong ca dien dong ngat )
Nap
Accu
Nghch
lu
Li
Tai
Chuyen mach
ieu khien

hinh G.7.2: SJ do khoi bo nguon xoay chieu khong gian doan
Hnh 6.7.2 trnh bay s o khoi bo lu ien (UPS), c s dung cho cac thiet b dung ien
quan trong khong the mat ien bat ng nh may chu cua mang may tnh hay cac may ien t y te.
UPS se cung cap ien tam thi khi mat li trong khi ch lu d lieu ang lam viec hay cho chay
may phat d phong. S o khoi bao gom bo nghch lu s dung accu va bo chuyen mach (r le
hay TRIAC). Bnh thng tai dung ien li, ch chuyen sang s dung nguon nghch lu khi mat
nguon nen UPS co s o khoi nh vay c goi la loai OFF-LINE. Thi gian chuyen mach phai
u be, khoang vai chuc msec e tai xem nh c cung cap ien khong gian oan. Bo nap accu t
ong am bao he thong luon san sang lam viec. Co loai UPS khong co bo chuyen mach va bo
nghch lu luon lam viec, nh la bo bien tan co khau trung gian mot chieu vi nguon d phong la
accu mach mot chieu (loai ON-LINE).
cac bo UPS cong suat be (< 1.5 kW), mach nghch lu la mot pha s dung bien ap co
iem gia, thch hp vi accu co ien ap be (12V hay 24V). Ap ra c dieu khien bang cach
thay oi o rong xung. Mot vi mach tng t TL494 co kha nang lam viec 50 Hz c s dung
cho ieu khien nghch lu (SG3524).






Ni chia s Ebook - Software - ng dng in - in T
Hc tp - Tho lun Pht trin in - in T
http:// www.biendt.110mb.com
Lin h : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com
Y/M : nguyenvanbien_gtvt_ht88
biendt