:

:
: , M.Arch

2009.

1. -
2. , ,
2.1

2.2 1937,

2.3 1949,

2.4
2.4.1 WAA1 (1) 1954
2.4.2 WAA2 (2) SFRA
2.4.3
2.5
3.
4.

1. -

,
, , .
.
, Housing Act 1949.

(Housing Act, 1949). ,
,
( )
,
, ,
. , ,
,
(Central Busuness District - CBD), -
(Porteous Smith, 2001).
(2002) ( )
: ,
CBD-
.



. 60% ,
, 11% (Hartman
Carnochan 2002; 1999).
1949. , 200
, ,
, (Porteous Smith,
2001).
, ,
.


.
.
,
,
.1 ,
, -
.
, .

: ;
;
( 4 );

;
;
; body piercing
United Food and Commercial Workers ... (Hartman Carnochan, 2002, .2)

2. , ,
(Fillmore district) ,
(CBD).
, Western Addition
, (Van Ness Avenue) ,
(Geary Boulevard) (Grove street) .
,
.
1800. ,
. 1906.
, ,
, (city downtown).
.
1942. , ,

.
( ) ,
, , . ,
- .
- 1940. 1950. (
4.846 43.502 - Moore, et al., 2004, . 83).

2.1

, -
. 1000 -
, 80% , 100
( Committee for Community
Solidarity inc. 1959. Doherty Block, 2001). , , ,
, , ,
, , , , , ,
, .
(Leola Kings Bird Cage, Wesley Johnson's Texas PlayHouse,
Shelton's Blue Mirror, Jacks of Sutter .)
, .

 .
-
.

1. 1950. (San Francisco Public Library, 2009)

,
. ,
-
.
,
CBD- (Pacific Heights),
. .
1930 ,
.
, (Gelfand, 1975, Cullingworth, 1993, .
194), ,
.
.
, .
,

. . 1930
(real estate industry
spokespersons),
(National Association of Real Estate Boards - NAREB),

,
.
,
(Cullingworth, 1993).

2.2 1937,

1937. (The Federal Housing Act)

. , (U.S.
Housing Agency) The Low Rent
Public Housing Program. (Clark Northrup, 2003)
,
, (

,
). 1
1937.
1945. (The California Redevelopment Act - CRA). CRA

.
,

.
1

,
.

,
. 1991., ,
(Indian Wells),
.
,
. ,
. (Bovard,1995, . 44-45)

 , ,
,
. , ,
,
. ,
, (2002, . 15)
,
.
1948. - San Francisco Redevelopment Agency SFRA1, .

: ,
.

:
, , ,
. .
(Hartman Carnochan, 2002, . 8). ,
. ,
:
,
.
, CBD-:
, ,
, (Hartman
Carnochan, 2002).
,
. 1947. .
( , ),
,2 (Board of Supervisors3) 1948.
1

SFRA 1948. 1949.

, 1937. Hartman Carnochan,
2002, . 15
2
3000 03. 1948. .

. , ,
(Rucker Upton , 2007.)
3

- ,

.
(:

http://www.municode.com/Resources/gateway.asp?pid=14130&sid=5, 03.04.2009.)

 ( )
, (Doherty Block, 2001).
, ,

. , ,
, ,

.
(1993.), ,
:
1. 1960.
( ).
25.000 ,
18.000 ;
2.
: 50% 20 . ,

,
( redlining-1)
. , SFRA
10% ,
, ,
;
3.
, , ,
, - (none-white population).

: ,
, ,
. ,
1

Redlining (The National Housing Act) 1937. .

Redlining (Homeowners Loan Corporation),

. , ,
, . ,
- .

. Redlining
- . (Wallace Thompson, 2007.)

 . ,
,

(Porteous Smith, 2001).

2.3 1949,

(
) 1949.
(Housing Act, 1949). ,
, 20-
1937. (
- Cullingworth, 1993. . 194).

, (
). 1945.
, 1946., 1948. .
, 1949. . 1949

(Housing Act , 1949, . 1). (1983),
,
, ,
.1
1949. 810.000
, 6 (Housing Act , 1949,
. 3).
-
(
),

1949. , 21 .
(Housing Act 1949.) .
, , ...
:
? , ,
(Mollenkopf, 1983, . 77).

 1
, ,
. 1937.
.


(Cullingworth, 1993). :
(
) , ,
, . 2

1949., SFRA , ,
,
(Hartman Carnochan, 2002).
, , ,
.
, : ,
, ,
.

2.4
, : WAA1
WAA23 (: 1 2), .

:
,
,
(Hartman Carnochan, 2002).
2

, ,

(Bovard,1995).
3
WAA2 WAA1,
WAA1
(Doherty Block, 2001).

 2. (San Francisco Public Library, 2009)

2.4.1 WAA1 (1) 1954

11 1953.
2 ,
(community center) (recreational facility),
(SFRA, 1985).
. 1956.
1.
. , ,
, ,
(Hartman Carnochan, 2002).
(1999),
,
.
, ,
.
.

. , , ,
1

1 50 : , ,
(Doherty Block, 2001).
2
,
,
. (The Federal Highway Act) 1959.
. The Interstate
Highway System.
. ,
(Dluhy, et al., 2002).

 . , ,
.
,
- :
,
, , .
.

3. 1, (SFGOV, 2009)

50- , ,
, ,
, .
1949.
,
, (Housing Act , 1949, . 2).
,
( ,
).
. ,
. 1954.
(The Housing Act 1954)
.

 , ,
, .
, 10%
. ,

(
)
. 1959.
20%, 35% (
).
,

, (Cullingworth,
1993).
.
1 ,

. 1800 65%
,
.
1964.
WAA2.
A2
. 1
. WAA1
(Hartman Carnochan, 2002).

2.4.2 WAA2 (2) SFRA

2 1964.
.1

2 : , ,
(Doherty Block, 2001).

 3. 1 (SFGOV, 2009)

,
, 250 15.000
. (Elkin, 1987)
,
.
2
, (the Board of Supervisors)
, 1954. ,

. (Elkin, 1987, . 92)
,
. 1

, .
. 1 , WAA1, 6.149
2.459 ( hotel units). ,
Western Addition Community Organization, the Tenants and Owners in Opposition to
Redevelopment the Western Addition District Council, SFRA
.
(Rucker Upton, 2007) Western Addition Community Organization (WACO)
1

1969. (Bureau of Social Science Research)

200 (Hartman Carnochan, 2002).

 1966. , .
. 1967. 1968.
WACO- 300
. 1968. ,
(San Franciscko Neighborhood Legal Assistance
Foundation) WACO ,
Western Addition 2 (Moore,
et al., 2004, . 89). 1968.
SFRA
. 1967. ,
.
.
SFRA 1.500 1.800 1973.
. ,
, , SFRA
. ,
1
, .
, .

2.4.3
, 1974.
,
(Campbell, 1995). ( ,
) (Community Development Block
Grant - CDBG).2 .
-
1

1979., ,
, ( )
. ,
, , .
(
)
69 89 . 65 ,
100 150 .
100.000 6 .
, , :
. (Bovard,1995)
2

CDBG 1974. Housing and

Community Development Act (Campbell, 1995).

 ,
.
,
,
, ,
.1
1977.
(Urban Development Action Grant - UDAG).
Redlining
1949.. UDAG
,
. .
, (Campbell, 1995).
,
, . 1973.
,
2, -. 1980,
,

(Fillmore Center), (Safeway) 1983.,
.
(Hartman Carnochan, 2002).

2.5
, ,

.
1

Community Development CD. CD ,
(the Neighborhood Reinvestment
Corporation 1978. NeighborWorks America).
, , ,
25 20 . 1970 ,
,
,

. 1980 1990 ,
(Campbell, 1995).

 1987.
WAA1 WAA2, 1
.
.
(City Planning Department) 1969. , - 1 2 10.000 , 838
. ,

.

(Hartman Carnochan, 2002). , ,
.
, ,
,
. ,
,
( automobile-friendly
planning ).
.

, .
. ,
,
.
, (ghost town).
Lower Pacific Heights, .
-
Boom Boom Room. (Doherty Block, 2001)
, , ,

SFRA (Mayor's Fillmore/Western Addition Economic
Development Task Force - Task Force). :
- ;
;
;
1

1 15 ( 11.396
, 180.736 ). 2 5
( 120.916 , 760.162 ).
, 1 - 126 1.880 ,
2 - 1.342 7.096 (Elkin, 1987).

. (The Jefferson
Company), (The
Lower Fillmore).

.
(Historic Jazz District)
.
Task Force-, 100
(Blue Note Jazz Club)
, (Doherty Block, 2001).
,
2007. , ,
,
.
2000.
. .
2004. Fillmore Jazz Preservation District Community Benefits Fund grant
program, ,
.

.
,
,
.
2009. g (SFRA, 2008).

3.

( )
, /
, . ,
, :

 ,

(Cullingworth, 1993).

.
-

(Orsi 1999; Rucker Upton 2007)

,
. ,
,
redlining-

.

. ,
.

.
,
. ,
,

.

,
( , ,
).

, ,
.
70-
,
.
,
, , .

,
,
.

,
. - ,
.

.

4.

Broussard, ., 1993. Black San Francisco: The Struggle for Racial Equality in the West, 19001954. Lawrence: University of Kansas.
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2. , San Francisco Public Library [online] URL:
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3.

1, Projects and Survey Areas: Western Addition A-1.

[online] URL: http://www.sfgov.org/site/sfra_page.asp?id=5605 [ 08.03.2009.]

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[online] URL: http://www.sfgov.org/site/sfra_page.asp?id=5607 [ 08.03.2009.]