POISSON EFFECT From experience, rubber suffers a reduction of cross-sectional area when stretched under tensile load This

effect is !nown as Poisson Effect, occurs in all structural materials under tensile and compression In the re"ion where the stress-strain is linear, the ratio of lateral strain to lon"itudinal strain is constant and is !nown as POISSON#S $%TIO & ' ( The effect is shown below

Consider the action of different direct stress s)stem actin" on a cube material below

From dia"ram &a(,

z *
z
E

Due to Poisson Effect, the strain in x and y direction can be written as:
x =

- z

y = - z Substitute z in term of and E,

x =

z E
z E

y =

he ne!ati"e "a#ue indicate contraction$ %f force a&&#ied in com&ression the "a#ue ie &ositi"e$ From dia"ram &b( when ' sides is sub(ected to tension, than the strain in x, y and z direction can be written as: z = y = x =
y z E E y z E E y z E E

)rom dia!ram * when a## sides is sub(ected to tension, than the strain in the x, y and z direction can be written as: z = y = x =
y z x E E E
y
E

z x E E

x z x E E E

+ssumin! the cube is sub(ected to uniform stress i$e x=y=z=, than the e,uations abo"e become: -strain in any direction.
=
E -0 / .

1o#umetric strain =

-0 /.

hus, from the e,uation the "a#ue of &oisson ratio, for any materia# must be #ess than 3$4$ 5ost meta#, is about 3$2 and concrete in the re!ion of 3$0

E6+5P7E

+ circu#ar rod is sub(ected to a tensi#e force of 84 9:$ he #en!th of the rod is 2 m and the diameter is 23 mm$ he materia# is a#uminium with E = ;3 :<mm/ and Poisson, = 0<2$ =a#cu#ate the e#on!ation and reduction of the diameter$
z 849: 849: y D=23mm 2m

+:S>E? he axia# stress, = P<+ = 84333<-@x23/<'. = 0/3 :<mm/ he strain,

z *
z
E

* +,-./- * - --+/+

The total elon"ation, 0 * 12 * - --/+ x 3--- * 4 +5 mm Strain in y direction = y = - z = -0<2 x 3$330;0 = -3$3334;

E6+5P7E

+ b#oc9 of size /33 mm x 033 mm x 83 mm as shown be#ow is sub(ected to a #oad of /43 9: in the z direction$ %f the Poisson ratio is 0<2 and the modu#us of E#asticity is / x 03' :<mm/, determine the deformation in x, y and z$

/33mm 83mm /439: 033mm z x y /439:

+:S>E?
z *
x =

z
E

- z

y = - z z = P<+ = /43 333<033x83 = 20$/4 :<mm/

z *
z
E

* 3+ ,4.,x+-5 * + 46,4 x +--3