CHAPTER 2

CHEMICAL BONDS
IKATAN KIMIA

Teaching Learning Objectives

The student can explain tendency of element to become stable. The student can make figure Lewis structure of valence electron noble gas group and the other. The student can explain forming of ionic bond. The student can explain properties of ionic compound.

Stability of Element

Valence Electrons

Atom Electron Configuration Valence Electron

2He 10Ne

28
288 2 8 18 8

18Ar
36Kr 56Xe 86Rn

2 8 8 8 8 8

2 8 18 18 8
2 8 18 32 18 8

How do the electron configuration of atoms beside noble gases to achieve the stability ? Example : 11Na
281
12Mg +

28 28

Na + e Mg + 2e
17Cl 8O +2

282

+e

Cl

287

288

+ 2e

-2

26

28

The tendency of Element to achieve the stability of noble gases.

Group Valence Electron Tendency of Achieve Electron Configuration Stability IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 :21 4Be : 2 2 5B : 2 3 6C : 2 4 7N : 2 5 8O : 2 6 9F : 2 7
3Li

Give away 1 electron Give away 2 electron Give away 3 electron Gain 4 electron Gain 3 electron Gain 2 electron Gain 1 electron

Ionic Bond
How is the formation of ionic bonds ? Ionic bond arise form; Metal elements and non metal elements Group IA/IIA and group VIIA Group IA/IIA tendency give away electron for formation of positif ion and group VIIA tendency gain electron for formation of negative ion.

Example :
11Na

Na + e
28

281
17Cl

2 Na

2Na+ +2 e
2 Cl-

+e

287

Cl

Cl2 + 2 e
2Na + Cl2

288

2Na + 2Cl 2NaCl

12Mg

282
8O

Mg + 2e Mg 28

2+

Mg 2++ 2e x2

+2e

2-

O2 +4e
2+

2O

2-

x1

26

28 2Mg 2Mg + 4e O2 +4e 2O 2-

2Mg + O2

2Mg +2O 2 MgO

2+

2-

What are the properties of ionic compounds ? Ionic coumpounds have some physical properties. Among orthers are : Generally solids at room temperature, Have a high boiling and melting point, Conduct electricity when molten or aqueous solution, Hard but brittle.

Kerjakan pembentukan ikatan ion dari atom-atom berikut ini:

a.

b.
c. d. e. f. g.

K dan S Ca dan S Na dan S Al dan S Al dan O Al dan Cl Mg dan O