Chemical

Bonding
Prepared
Here is where
by: Ms.Nichaella
your presentation
R. Biscocho
begins
Learning Objectives:
1. define chemical bonding
2. recognize and differentiate the different
types of compounds
3. demonstrate on how chemical bonds are
formed.
 01
METAL
OR NON
METAL?
Instructions: Classify the given element.
How to identify if the element is
METAL or NON-METAL?
 How to identify if the element is
METAL or NON-METAL?
Lithium
 How to identify if the element is
METAL or NON-METAL?
Lithium Neon
 How to identify if the element is
METAL or NON-METAL?
Lithium Boron Neon
Metalloids
A unique group of elements
that share properties of both
metals and non-metals.
Let’s start!
Metal or Non-metal?

NON-METAL
Metal or Non-metal?

METAL
Metal or Non-metal?

METAL
Metal or Non-metal?

NON-METAL
Metal or Non-metal?

METAL
SALT BAE
COMPOUNDS are chemical substance made up of
two or more elements that are chemically bound
together
Do you like bonding?
 What is Chemical Bonding?

Na Cl C H O H O

What are holding them together?

 What is Chemical Bonding?

Na Cl C H O H O

Attractive Force
 What is Chemical Bonding?

Na Cl C H O H O

Attractive Force Attractive Force Attractive Force

“The attraction between atoms, ions and molecules to form

a chemical compound is called chemical bond.”
 What is Chemical Bonding?

Na Cl C H O H O

Chemical Bond Chemical Bond Chemical Bond

“The attraction between atoms, ions and molecules to form

a chemical compound is called chemical bond.”
 What is Chemical Bonding?

Na Cl C H O H O

Chemical Bond Chemical Bond Chemical Bond

“The attraction between atoms, ions and molecules to form

a chemical compound is called chemical bond.”
Chemical Bond

Cement between
bricks.
 Types of
Chemical Bonding
Ionic and Covalent Bonding
IONIC BONDING
- Is formed through complete transfer of
electron from one atom to another atom.
It exists between metals and non-metals.
IONS
- Ions formed after a metal atom transfer its VALENCE
ELECTRON to non-metal atom.
VALENCE ELECTRON
1. Valence electrons are the electrons occupying the highest
energy level in an atom.
2. Sometimes called outermost electrons, valence electrons
are the ones actually involved in chemical bonding and
not the electrons close to nucleus.
Why atoms form
Chemical Bonds?

- To get stability.
 1
Valence Electrons: 2

Take note! 2 3 4 5 6 7

Based on:
Group Number
8
 1
Valence Electrons: 2

Take note! 2 3 4 5 6 7

Based on:
Group Number
8
IONS
- Ions formed after a metal atom transfer its VALENCE
ELECTRON to non-metal atom.
How does ionic bonding occur?
Metal Non-Metal
COVALENT BONDING
- also called molecular bond, it is a
chemical bond that involves sharing of
electron pairs between atoms.

- it commonly occurs when two non-

metals bond together.
NON-METALS have
strong energy
attractions or high
electronegativity
compared to metals.
 Example of Covalent Bond

Electron
Octet Rule
Everyone is seeking stability. Stability refers to the
strength to stand or a resistance to a chemical change or physical
disintegration. If humans seek stability, so are the atoms.
Stability in atoms involves the possession of eight
electrons in the outermost energy level or valence electrons.
Atoms of all elements therefore become stable have to have eight
valence electrons. We call this the octet rule, which was
proposed by Gilbert Newton Lewis, an American chemist. Lewis
spent one year in the Philippines as the Superintendent of the
Bureau of Weights and Measures.
Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds
ACTIVIT
Y
IONIC VS
COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
Directions: Identify the elements involved in the compound and
categorize whether it is a metal or nonmetal. Determine the type of
bond formed in each compound.
FORMULA METALS NON-METALS BOND
Example: HF Hydrogen Covalent
Fluorine
Example: NaCl Sodium Chlorine Ionic

1.
2.
3. C
4.
5.
FORMULA METALS NON-METALS BOND
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Valence Shell Valence shell is the outermost shell of every element. Atom of every element
have different electronic configurations based on the atomic number of each element. Electronic
configuration refers to the distribution of electrons in various shells/orbits/energy levels of every atom.

01 2 8 03

10Ne 1s2 2s2 2p6 15P

02 04
18Ar
31Ga
Valence Shell Valence shell is the outermost shell of every element. Atom of every element
have different electronic configurations based on the atomic number of each element. Electronic
configuration refers to the distribution of electrons in various shells/orbits/energy levels of every atom.

01 2 8 03 2 8 5

10Ne 1s2 2s2 2p6 15P 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3

02 2 8 8 04 2 8 1 3
8

18Ar 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
31Ga
4s2 3d10 4p1
Noble gases are the least reactive of all elements. That's because they
have eight valence electrons, which fill their outer energy level. This
is the most stable arrangement of electrons, so noble gases rarely
react with other elements and form compounds.
However, there are atoms that do not comply with the octet rule. Others have
lesser valence electrons than 8. These atoms are the ones located in
Group/column 1 to 17 of the periodic table, including transition elements.
11Na 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
31Ga 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p3
8O 1s2 2s2 2p4
The elements above have valence electrons that
are less than eight. This means that they are not
stable. Therefore, they need to react with other
atoms to attain eight electrons, just like that of
the noble gases by the way of chemical
reaction. This in fact the most important
principle of chemical bonding: Atoms
bond in such a way that they achieve
electron configuration of a noble gas. In
doing so, atoms either gain, lose or share
its electrons
Lewis Electron Dot
Structure
LEDS
Lewis Electron
Dot Structure
A Lewis electron dot diagram (or
electron dot diagram or a Lewis diagram or a
Lewis structure) is a representation of the
valence electrons of an atom that uses dots
around the symbol of the element. The
number of dots equals the number of
valence electrons in the atom. These dots
are arranged to the right and left and
above and below the symbol, with no more
than two dots on a side. (It does not matter
what order the positions are used.
How will you draw LEDS?
Step 1: Write the chemical symbol of the atom.

Carbon chemical symbol is C.

Step 2: Determine the column or group where an atom
belongs in the periodic table or write
configuration to find out down its numberelectron the
electrons. Carbon, a representative
atom’s element, belongs
of to
Group 14, therefore, it’s number ofvalence
valence electron is four.
Carbon with six electrons has configurations of 1s2 2s2 2p2. . This
reveals that carbon has four valence electrons.
How will you draw LEDS?
Step 3: Draw the dots that correspond to the
number of the atom’s valence electrons.
Distribute the dots evenly; it may be placed
above and/or either side of the chemical
symbol.
 How will you draw LEDS?
●Step 1: F
●Step 2: Fluorine belongs to Group 7A. Its electron
configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p5. Therefore, Fluorine has
seven valence electrons.
●Step 3:
Look at the electron configurations
and Lewis structures of 11Na and 17Cl.
ELEMENT ELECTRONIC LEWIS STRUCTURE
CONFIGURATION

11Na

17Cl
Look at the electron configurations
and Lewis structures of 11Na and 17Cl.
ELEMENT ELECTRONIC LEWIS STRUCTURE
CONFIGURATION

11Na 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1

17Cl 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2

3p5
 To be
continued…