ordik ;f 0if rSww

f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmfu,
dk pf m;jyKaumfrwD
orkdif;0ifrSwfwrf;rSwf&mrsm;
1998 = 2003

cifausmf[ef
&SmazGpak qmif;jyKpkonf

jynfoŒl v$waf wmf uk, d pf m;jyKaumfrwD

zJŒG pnf;jcif; (5)ESpjf ynfth xdr;f trSwt f jzpf
trsKd;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJŒG csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) *syefXmecJG
pmayESihf okawoeXmerS xkwaf 0onf
1
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

yxrt}udrf
tkyaf & (1000)
2003 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv

&SmazGpak qmif;jyKpkol
cifausm[f ef

xkwfa0ol
trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzJŒG csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) *syefXmecJG
pmayESiohf ak woeXmerS xkwaf 0onf

rsufEmS zk;H tjyiftqif

armifawmuf

twGi;f tjyiftqif
armifEidk f / ukyd n
k

2
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

rmwdum
tydik ;f (1)

1? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD 15

2? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD. rJqENe,fu, kd pf m;ðyr_ 22
3? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD. xkwjf yefa=unmcsurf sm;ESihf
ywfoufI a':atmifqef;pk=unf. oabmxm; 23
4? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD. xkwjf yefa=unmcsurf sm;ESihf
ywfoufI twGi;f a&;rSL; OD;at;omatmif. oabmxm; 25
5? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDzŒJG csKyf . pmtrSwf - 060 § pnf; ( +idrf ) § 96 ?
&ufpJG - 1996 ckEpS /f rwfv (25) &uf? 27
6? wkid ;f &if;om;Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;. jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lay;&ef awmif;qkcd suf 32
7? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJŒG csKyf . pmtrSwf - 047§pnf; (csr;f )§98 ?
&ufpJG - 1998 ckEpS /f ZGev f (23)&uf? 34
8? a':atmifqef;pk=unf . jynforl sm;tm;yef=um;csuf
Zlvikd v f 28 &uf / 1998 ckEpS f 35
9? typftcwf&yfpx J m;aomtzGŒJ rsm;. jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lay;&ef
awmif;qkcd suf 37
10? vufiif;Edik if aH &;tajctaetay: rGejf ynfopfygw. D tjrif 39
11? trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;a&;ESihf
ywfoufI jynfov l x l o k ‹kd yef=um;csuf / 1998 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (18) &uf? 41
12? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . a=unmcsut f rSwf 35 (8§98) 45
13? a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmhwyfrawmfom;rsm;od‹k yef=um;csuf
=o*kwv f 28 &uf/ 1998 ckEpS f 47
14? a':atmifqef;pk=unf. jrefrmEkid if jH ynforl sm;od‹k yef=um;csuf
pufwifbmv 19 &uf/ 1998 ckEpS ?f 49
15? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD ESpyf wfvnftxdr;f trSwaf e‹wiG f
ajym=um;onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD OuUÏ OD;atmifa&$.
rde‹f ceG ;f ? 1999 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (16)&uf? 51
16? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrwD ESpyf wfvnftxdr;f trSwaf e‹wiG f
ajym=um;onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrwDtzGŒJ 0if
a':atmifqef;pk=unf. rde‹f ceG ;f ? 1999 ckEpS /f pufwifbm (16) &uf// 52
17? 1990 jynfEh pS yf gwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ 56
3
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

tydik ;f (2)

18? a=unmcsut f rSwf (1) 91

19? a=unmcsutf rSwf (2) 95
20? a=unmcsut f rSwf (3) 96
21? a=unmcsut f rSwf (4) 101
22? a=unmcsut f rSwf (5) 103
23? a=unmcsut
f rSwf (6) 106
24? a=unmcsutf rSwf (7) 108
25? a=unmcsut f rSwf 1 ( 1 § 99 ) 112
26? a=unmcsut f rSwf 2 ( 1 § 99 ) 115
27? a=unmcsut f rSwf 3 ( 1 § 99 ) 117
28? a=unmcsut f rSwf 4 ( 2 § 99 ) 121
29? a=unmcsut f rSwf 5 ( 2 § 99 ) 122
30? a=unmcsut f rSwf 6 ( 2 § 99 ) 126
31? a=unmcsut f rSwf 7 ( 2 § 99 ) 129
32? a=unmcsut f rSwf 8 ( 2 § 99 ) 130
33? a=unmcsut f rSwf 9 ( 2 § 99 ) 131
34? a=unmcsut f rSwf 10 ( 2 § 99 ) 133
35? a=unmcsut f rSwf 11 ( 2 § 99 ) 135
36? a=unmcsut f rSwf 12 ( 2 § 99 ) 136
37? a=unmcsut f rSwf 13 ( 2 § 99 ) 138
38? a=unmcsut f rSwf 14 ( 3 § 99 ) 145
39? a=unmcsut f rSwf 15 ( 3 § 99 ) 147
40? a=unmcsut f rSwf 16 ( 3 § 99 ) 150
41? a=unmcsut f rSwf 17 ( 3 § 99 ) 151
42? a=unmcsut f rSwf 18 ( 3 § 99 ) 154
43? a=unmcsut f rSwf 19 ( 4 § 99 ) 158
44? a=unmcsut f rSwf 20 ( 4 § 99 ) 161
45? a=unmcsut f rSwf 21 ( 4 § 99 ) 163
46? a=unmcsut f rSwf 22 ( 4 § 99 ) 164
47? a=unmcsut f rSwf 23 ( 4 § 99 ) 172
48? a=unmcsut f rSwf 24 ( 4 § 99 ) 179
49? a=unmcsut f rSwf 25 ( 4 § 99 ) 188

4
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

50? a=unmcsut f rSwf 26 ( 5 § 99 ) 190

51? a=unmcsut f rSwf 27 ( 5 § 99 ) 194
52? a=unmcsut f rSwf 28 ( 5 § 99 ) 196
53? a=unmcsut f rSwf 29 ( 5 § 99 ) 197
54? a=unmcsut f rSwf 30 ( 5 § 99 ) 199
55? a=unmcsut f rSwf 31 ( 5 § 99 ) 200
56? a=unmcsut f rSwf 33 ( 5 § 99 ) 202
57? a=unmcsut f rSwf 34 ( 5 § 99 ) 214
58? 1999 ckEpS /f arv(27) &ufae‹/ (9) ESpaf jrmuf ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pD taxGaxG
a&G;aumufyJG ESpyf wfvnfae‹wiG f jynfo‹l vw $ af wmfu,
dk pf m;ðyaumfrwD.
qk;H jzwfcsurf sm; 220
59? a=unmcsut f rSwf 35 ( 6 § 99 ) 224
60? a=unmcsut f rSwf 36 ( 6 § 99 ) 230
61? a=unmcsut f rSwf 37 ( 6 § 99 ) 234
62? a=unmcsut f rSwf 38 ( 6 § 99 ) 235
63? a=unmcsut f rSwf 39 ( 7 § 99 ) 238
64? a=unmcsut f rSwf 40 ( 7 § 99 ) 239
65? a=unmcsut f rSwf 41 ( 7 § 99 ) 241
66? a=unmcsut f rSwf 42 ( 7 § 99 ) 242
67? a=unmcsut f rSwf 43 ( 7 § 99 ) 244
68? a=unmcsut f rSwf 44 ( 7 § 99 ) 245
69? a=unmcsut f rSwf 45 ( 7 § 99 ) 246
70? a=unmcsut f rSwf 46 ( 7 § 99 ) 248
71? a=unmcsut f rSwf 47 ( 7 § 99 ) 251
72? a=unmcsut f rSwf 48 ( 8 § 99 ) 252
73? a=unmcsut f rSwf 49 ( 8 § 99 ) 253
74? a=unmcsut f rSwf 50 ( 8 § 99 ) 255
75? a=unmcsut f rSwf 51 ( 8 § 99 ) 262
76? a=unmcsut f rSwf 52 ( 9 § 99 ) 264
77? a=unmcsut f rSwf 53 ( 9 § 99 ) 265
78? a=unmcsut f rSwf 54 ( 9 § 99 ) 266
79? a=unmcsut f rSwf 55 ( 9 § 99 ) 269
80? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfuu kd ,
kd pf m;ðyonfah umfrwD . wESpaf jrmufaomae‹
a=unmpmwrf;? (16-9-98) &ufae‹rS (16-9-99) &ufae‹txd ? 271

5
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

81? a=unmcsut f rSwf 56 ( 9 § 99 ) 283

82? a=unmcsut f rSwf 57 ( 9 § 99 ) 285
83? a=unmcsut f rSwf 58 ( 9 § 99 ) 287
84? a=unmcsut f rSwf 59 ( 10 § 99 ) 290
85? a=unmcsut f rSwf 60 ( 10 § 99 ) 291
86? a=unmcsut f rSwf 61 ( 10 § 99 ) 293
87? a=unmcsut f rSwf 62 ( 11 § 99 ) 297
88? a=unmcsut f rSwf 63 ( 11 § 99 ) 298
89? a=unmcsut f rSwf 64 ( 11 § 99 ) 300
90? a=unmcsut f rSwf 65 ( 12 § 99 ) 302
91? a=unmcsut f rSwf 66 ( 12 § 99 ) 305
92? a=unmcsut f rSwf 1 ( 1 § 00 ) 308
93? a=unmcsut f rSwf 2 ( 1 § 00 ) 309
94? a=unmcsut f rSwf 3 ( 1 § 00 ) 314
95? a=unmcsut f rSwf 4 ( 1 § 00 ) 317
96? a=unmcsut f rSwf 5 ( 2 § 00 ) 319
97? (53)ESpaf jrmuf jynfaxmifpak e‹a=unmcsuf
a=unmcsut f rSwf 6 ( 2 § 00 ) 321
98? a=unmcsut f rSwf 7 ( 3 § 00 ) 327
99? a=unmcsut f rSwf 8 ( 3 § 00 ) 329
100? a=unmcsut f rSwf 9 ( 3 § 00 ) 333
101? a=unmcsut f rSwf 10 ( 3 § 00 ) 335
102? a=unmcsut f rSwf 11 ( 4 § 00 ) 339
103? a=unmcsut f rSwf 12 ( 4 § 00 ) 341
104? a=unmcsut f rSwf 13 ( 4 § 00 ) 342
105? ygwpD 'Hk rD u
dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG q,fepS af jrmufa=unmcsuf
a=unmcsut f rSwf 14 ( 5 § 00 ) 343
106? a=unmcsut f rSwf 15 ( 8 § 00 ) 347
107? a=unmcsut f rSwf 16 ( 8 § 00 ) 349
108? a=unmcsut f rSwf 17 ( 8 § 00 ) 351
109? a=unmcsut f rSwf 18 ( 9 § 00 ) 353

6
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

110? a=unmcsut f rSwf 19 ( 9 § 00 ) 357

111? a=unmcsut f rSwf 1 ( 9 § 02 ) 358
112? a=unmcsut f rSwf 1 ( 10 § 02 ) 359
113? a=unmcsut f rSwf 2 ( 10 § 02 ) 360
114? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfuu kd ,
kd pf m;ðyonfah umfrwD. (56) ESpaf jrmuf
jynfaxmifpak e‹ a=unmpmwrf;? 2003ckEpS /f azaz:0g&v D (12) &uf? 361

tydik ;f (3)

115? Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w Hk ifjcif;Oya' (Edik if +H idr0f yfyjd ym;r_

wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ Oya'trSwf 4§88 ) 375
116? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . a=unmcsut f rSwf (9) ?
&ufpJG - 1989 ckEpS /f azaz:0g&v D (12) &uf? 377
117? a&G;aumufyt JG jyD; jynfaxmifpw k idk ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; Ekid if aH &;ygwaD ygi;f pkH
oabmxm;a=unmcsuf 379
118? Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ . a=unmcsuf
a=unmcsurf w S f ( 1 § 90 ) 383
119? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . *ENcD ef;r a=unmpmwrf;
&ufpJG - 1990 jy!fEh pS /f Zlvikd v f ( 28 § 29 ) 388
120? Adv k af tmifausmv f rf; yl;wGaJ =unmcsut f rSwf (1)
1990 jy!fEh pS /f =o*kwv f (29)&uf? 392
121? &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf rS w&m;ðyvkycf &H r_twGuf
e0w OuUÏ xH ay;pm? &ufpJG - 1996 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (28) &uf? 397
122? tusO;f uscH trsKd ;om;Edik if aH &;tiftm;pk. xkwjf yefa=unmcsu?f
&ufpJG - 1999 ckEpS /f arv ( 4 ) &uf ? 406
123? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJŒG csKyfuu kd ,kd pf m;rðyawmhonfh
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; 408
124? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;&Sio f efrS 'Dru kd a&'Dpepfcikd +f rJrnf (OD;cifarmif=unf) 410
125? Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;qdo k nfrmS 413
126? vGwv f yfa&;opPmt"dÏmefu;kd csuf 415

7
 tyd'k f (21)

(1) vlwikd ;f wGif rdrEd ikd if .

H tkycf sKyfa&;Y uk,
d w
f ikd jf zpfap/ vGwv f yfpmG a&G;cs,v f u
dk f
onfh ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;rSwqifjh zpfap yg0ifaqmif&u G Ef ikd cf iG &hf o
dS nf?

(2) vlwikd ;f wGif rdr.

d Edik if &H dS jynfoŒl 0efxrf;tzJŒG Y 0ifa&mufEikd &f ef wlno
D nft
h cGihf
ta&;&So d nf?

(3) jynfojl ynfom;wd@k .qENonf tkycf sKyfrt _ m%m.tajccHjzpf&rnf? tqdyk g

qENukd tcsed u f mvydik ;f jcm;vsuf ppfreS af oma&G;aumufyrJG sm;jzifh xif&mS ;ap&
rnf? a&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGiv f nf; vlwikd ;f tnDtr# qENraJ y;Edik cf iG &hf &dS rnfth jyif/
xkad &G;aumufyrJG sm;udk v#Kd Œ0Surf aJ y;pepfjzifjh zpfap/ tvm;wl vGwv f yfaomrJ
ay;pepfjzifjh zpfap usi;f y&rnf?

(tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m vl @ tcG i f h t a&; a=unmpmwrf ; )

Article ( 21 )

(1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of

his country, directly or through freely chosen representa-
tives.
(2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in
his country.
(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority
of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic
and Genuine elections which shall be by universal suffrage
and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free vot-
ing procedures.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III)

of 10 December 1948
 xkwfa0ol. trSmpm

jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f wdik ;f &if;om;jynfovl x
l }k uD;w&yfv;kH &ifqikd óf uHawGŒ
ae&aom jy\emt&yf&yfrsm; ajyvnfatmifajz&Si;f ay;Edik af &;ESiw hf uG 'Dru kd
a&pDEikd if aH wmf}u;D wnfaxmifEikd af &;wd‹k twGuf jynfov l w
$ af wmfw&yf tjrefq;kH
ay:aygu&f ef tvGet f a&;w}uD;vdt k yfvaS yonf?

xdo
k ‹kd ta&;w}uD;vdt k yfvaS om jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfay:ayguf
vmapa&;twGuf tbufbufrS tpGr;f ukeóf ud;yrf;aqmif&u G af e=uukeaf om
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESiw hf uG 'Dru kd a&pDta&; óu;d yrf;aqmif&u G f
ae=uaom jrefrmEdik if o H l Edik if o
H m;rsm;tm; *k%ðf yaomtm;jzifv h nf;aumif;/
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yf tjrefq;kH ay:ayguv f mapa&;twGuv f nf; taxmuf
tyHjh zpfaprnf[k ,H=k unf,q l aomtm;jzifv h nf;aumif;/ jrefrmhordik ;f wGio f m
ru urBmo h rdik ;f wGiyf g tifrwefrS xl;jcm;pGmay:aygucf ahJ om jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,k pf m;ðyaumfrwD. rSww f rf;rSw&f mESiv hf yk af qmifcsuw f ‹kd tm; 'Dru
kd a&pDEikd if H
awmfxal xmif&ef qENjyif;jyaom jrefrmEdik if o H m;rsm;tm; zwf±a_ vhvmapvdk
onfh taejzifv h nf;aumif; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD. (5)ESpf
ajrmuf txdr;f trSww f iG f Tpmtkyt f m; xkwaf 0vdu k &f jcif;jzpfayonf?

Tpmtkyjf zpfajrmufvmapa&;twGuf vdt k yfaomtcsut f vufEiS hf

pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;tm; rem;rae óud;yrf;&SmazGpak qmif;ay;aom a&eHacsmif;òrdŒ
e,f rJqENe,ftrSw(f 2)/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;cifausm[
f ef ESiw
hf uG
tbufbufrS 0dik ;f 0ef;ulnaD y;=uoltm;vH;k wd‹k tm; txl;aus;Zl;wif&dS yga=umif;
rSww
f rf;wiftyfygonf?

pmayESihf okawoeXme
*syefXmecGJ
trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)
 pum;OD;
jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD[m jrefrmjynf wdik ;f &if;om; jynfol
vlx}k u;D w&yfv;kH &JŒ qENukd ¶kyv f ;kH azmfxm;wmrd@k ordik ;f t& tifrwefrS wefz;kd }u;D
ta&;ygvyS gw,f?
opfc;kd cH&vd@k 0g;udak ygi;f uGy&f rSe;f od=u/ ðy=uwJh vlxak cgi;f aqmif}u;D rsm;&JŒ
tajrmftjrif}uD;rm;yHu k kd u|eaf wmfw@kd wawG b,favmufrsm; av;pm;vdu k ef m
0dik ;f 0ef;=uzd@k aumif;vdu k yf govJ?
ordik ;f udk vlwa,muf&ŒJ b0oufwrf;wcke@J wdik ;f wmwGucf suv f @kd r&bl;/
vlrsKd ;eJ@cs+D yD; t&Snu f kd =unf=h u&rSmjzpfw,f?
urBmrSm 'Duae@txd ay:ayguzf ;l or# tm%m&Sit f rsKd ;rsKd ;&JΠb0ed*;kH [m
acG;a&yk&ydu k ef @J tqH;k owf=u&wmcsn;f ygy?J a0;a0;r=unfyh ge@J / u|eaf wmfw@kd Eikd if H
rSm ppftm%m&Sipf epfq;kd }u;D udk t"rR pwif xlaxmifcw hJ hJ Adv
k af e0if;eJ@ tarGq;kd udk
qufccH w hJ hJ Adv k af pmarmifw@kd ao=uyHu k ykd =J unf/h vlao˜ aowm[kw&f ŒJ vm;?
“b,forl ðy/ rdrrd ”_ ygy?J 'if;wd@k &ŒJ 'kp¶ku d rf r_ eS o
f r#[m om;pOfajr;qufwikd f
i&Jr;D vdk vdu k rf qH;k ygb;l ? 'gukd aemufqufc=H uolawG cktxd oHa0*r&=u/ r,l=u
bJ quf+y;D rdu k w f iG ;f eufae=uwke;f &Sad o;wm thrH qH;k bl;? vlxðk zwfcsrS ðywftuscH
=ur,fyh rkH sKd ;acgi;f rmae=uw,f? vlpw d af ysmuf+y;D bDv;l obufb0udk usa&mufae
=uw,f?
'gjzifh u|eaf wmfw@kd bmvky=f urvJæ
vlxu k pkd nf;¶k;H +yD; vlxek nf;eJ@z,f&mS ;Edik zf @kd usm;ukwu f sm;cJ/ ZGcJ wf/ tm;
xkw=f u&r,f? awmif}uD; z0g;atmuf” pdw"f gwef @J wufnv D ufnD OD;xrf;yJx h rf;
rarmwrf; ryef;wrf; vky=f u&rSmjzpfw,f? wu,fvyk =f urS t[kwjf zpfvmrSmrd@k
0dik ;f vkyEf ikd zf @kd ¶k;d ¶k;d om;om; óud;pm;=uygv@kd av;av;pm;pm; t}uHay;csiyf gw,f?
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD&ŒJ pm&Gupf mwrf;awGukd aygi;f pk+yD;
tckvkd pmtkyjf zpfatmif vkyaf qmifwt hJ wGuf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;cifausm[ f ef (a&eHacsmif;-2) udk ed*;Hk csKyf aus;Zl;
pum;qdyk g&ap?
(0if;cuf)
t}uHay;yk*Kd~ vf
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t
H rsdK;om;aumifpD
2003/ rwfv/ (7) &uf?
 jyKpkol.trSmpm

1998 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (16) &ufae@rmS trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfe@J

wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJŒtpnf;rsm;jzpf=uwJh &Srf;wkdif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdk
ua&pDtzGŒJ csKy/f &ckid 'f rD u
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKy/f rGet
f rdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ / Zdrk ;D trsKd ;om;uGef
*&ufw@dk u 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG wifajrm‡ ufvu dk f
wJh “jynfoŒl v$waf wmfuu kd ,
kd pf m;ðyonfah umfrwD” ukd zGŒJ pnf;cJyh gw,f?

tm%mydik af wGu trsKd ;om;'Drd u kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf&JŒ v$waf wmfac:,la&;udpP

rjzpfajrmufatmif wjynfv;Hk rSm&Sw d v hJ w
$ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f rsm;tjym;udk xde;f odr;f
vkud w f t hJ wGuf v$waf wmf&ŒJ vkyif ef;awGvyk zf @dk 'DaumfrwDuzkd ŒJG pnf;cJw h mjzpfygw,f//
1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG mS jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,f (485) OD; a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufccH &hJ +yD; “jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðy
aumfrwD” pzGŒJ csed rf mS v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (26) OD; uG,v f eG cf =hJ u+yDjzpfv@dk (459)
OD;useyf gw,f? tJ't D xJu trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfe@J rdwaf qGygwaD wGu jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (251) OD;u “jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD” udk
ud, k pf m;aqmif&u G Ef idk cf iG hf (Mandate) ay;tyfxm;wJt h wGuf 'DaumfrwDu jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m; w&m;0ifq;Hk jzwfvyk u f ikd Ef idk cf iG &hf ydS gw,f?

'Dpmtkyjf zpfvmyku H wae@rmS trdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,f

ajr) *syefXmecGu J udak omif;jrifOh ;D (a&eHacsmif;) usaemfq
h zD ;Hk quf+y;D jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,k pf m;ðyaumfrwDuxkww f hJ a=unmcsuaf wGppk nf;+yD; pmtkyx f w
k cf siaf =umif;/
tJ't D wGuu f n
l ED idk rf vm;ar;vmygw,f? a=unmcsuaf wGu orkid ;f 0ifr,frh w S w
f rf;
awGjzpf+yD; jynfwiG ;f rSmawmif wpkwpnf;wnf;/ wae&mwnf;rSm &Ekid zf @dk rvG,af wmh
wm a=umifh ulnrD ,fv@dk ta=umif;jyefc+hJ y;D pwifppk nf;cJ&h mu tckpmtkyjf zpfvmcJw h m
yg?
 'Dpmtkyrf mS 1990 jynf/h taxGaxGa&G;aumufyt JG +yD; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:
,la&;twGuf wifjycsu/f awmif;qkcd su/f ay;pm/ rde@f ceG ;f awGe@J jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd f
pm;ðyaumfrwDpwifzGJŒpnf;+yD;uwnf;u xkwfjyefcJhwJh a=unmcsuf/ qkH;jzwfcsuf/
a=unmpmwrf;awGukd pkpnf;azmfjyxm;wJt h jyif e0w§etzu trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzGŒJ csKyfuo kd mrubJ tjcm;wkid ;f &if;om; Ekid if aH &;ygwaD wGtay:yg zdEydS af ew,fqw dk m
odapcsiv f @dk &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;'Drd u
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu e0w OuUÏ qDa&;wJph meJ@ jrefrm
jynfEidk if aH &;twGuf oifch ef;pm,lz@dk tcsuaf wGygwhJ OD;cifarmif=unf&ŒJ “Ekid if aH &;ygwD
rsm;&Sio f efrS 'Dru kd a&pDpepfcidk +f rJrnf” aqmif;yg;udyk gazmfjyxm;ygw,f//

'Dpmtkyjf zpfajrmufvmzk@d twGuf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD&ŒJ rl&if;

a=unmcsut f awmfrsm;rsm; &SmazGay;cJw h hJ rk;d óud;owif;pmwku d rf S OD;oef;xGËEf iS hf tzGŒJ
om;rsm;/ a=unmcsut f csKd Œudk CD eJ@u;l ay;cJw h hJ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (vGwf
ajrmufe,fajr) jyef=um;a&;XmerS udk=unf0if;ESihftzGJ@om;rsm;/ uGefysLwmpm±kduf
ay;cJw
h hJ udjk rqef (u,ef;vli,f)/ pmtkyt f jyiftqife@J pmtkyjf zpfvmzk@d wm0ef,l
ay;wJh udyk nk (aeaZmfEidk )f eJ@ tjcm; 0dik ;f 0ef;uln=D uolrsm;tm;vk;H udk trsKd ;om;'Dru dk
a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) *syefXmecG/J pmayESio hf ak woeXmeud, k pf m; aus;Zl;
txl;wifa=umif; ajymvkyd gw,f?

cifausmf[ef
tzGJŒ0if
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tzGŒJ (jrefrmEdik if )H
 jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if tH rsKd ;om;aumifpD ( NCUB ) OuUÏ
AdkvfcsKyf}uD; apmbdkjr . trSmpm
,ckvuf&dS jrefrmjynfonf etz ppftm%m&Sirf sm; rw&m;zdEydS t f yk pf ;kd onfh
twGuf Armjynfonf wwdik ;f jynfv;kH qif;&J'u k t Q rsKd ;rsKd ; awGΗuHcpH m;ae=u&ygonf?
trSerf mS wdik ;f jynftyk cf sKyfaomtpd;k &onf wdik ;f oljynfom;wd@k . pm;0wfaea&;/ ynm
a&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ use;f rma&;twGuf tpd;k &u umuG,af y;&rnfjzpfonf? wdik ;f oljynfom;
rsm; vGwv f yfpmG oGm;vmr_/ vGwv f yfpmG vkyu f ikd rf /_ tcGit hf a&;&Srd o S mv#if wdik ;f jynfw;kd
wuf}u;D xGm;+y;D tcufcrJ sKd ;pHu k kd ausmv f m$ ;oGm;Ekid rf nfjzpfonf? ,ck ppftpd;k &onf zdEydS f
apmfum;r_rsm;udo k ma&SŒwef;wif+yD; wdik ;f oljynfom;rsm;udk zdEydS af pmfum; u|eðf yvkyf
aeojzifh wEkid if v H ;kH 'kuaQ &mufae=uygonf? Tb0qd;k rS vGwaf jrmufEidk af &;twGuf
Armjynf&dS tzdEydS cf w H ikd ;f &if;om;tm;vH;k wd@k onf ppfreS af omtrsKd ;om;awmfveS af &;
acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf 'Dru kd a&pDacgi;f aqmifrsm;wd@k . OD;aqmif=u+yD; jynfow l &yfv;kH .
&efopl pftm%m&Siyf supf ;D usq;kH oGm;onftxd jywfom;pGm pnf;vH;k wdu k yf 0JG if=u&ef
ta&;}u;D qH;k jzpfonf? rw&m;aomppftm%m&Siu f sq;kH rSomv#if ppfreS af om z,f'&,f
jynfaxmifp}k u;D udk wnfaqmufEidk rf nfjzpf+y;D at;csr;f om,maom jynfow l &yfv;kH .
vdv k m;csujf zpfay:vmrnfqw kd m aocsmygonf? w&m;r#wr_ukd wdik ;f jynfacgi;f aqmif
awGuqkyu f ikd +f y;D wef;wla&;ESiu hf , kd yf ikd jf yÏmef;cGihf av;pm;=urnfqv kd #if pnf;vH;k nD!w G f
a&;cdik rf mrnfjzpf+y;D at;csr;f om,maom z,f'&,fjynfaxmifpw k nfaqmufEidk rf nfjzpf
onf? Ekid if o H pfwnfaqmuf&eftwGuf acgi;f aqmiftm;vH;k trSew f &m;ESihf w&m;r#wr_
udk pG+J rJpmG qkyu f ikd o f mG ;=u&ef/ trsKd ;om;wef;wla&;ESihf ud, k yf ikd jf yÏmef;cGiu hf tkd ajccHaom
'Dru kd a&pDz,f'&,fjynfaxmifpw k nfaqmufa&;twGuf wdu k yf 0JG ifóu;d yrf;=u&ef ta&;
}u;D vSayonf?
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD CRPP u xkwjf yefxm;or# xkwjf yefa=unm
csurf sm;udpk pk nf;+y;D ,ckuo hJ @kd pmtkyt f jzpfxw k af 0vdu k jf cif;onf CRPP . rsuaf rSmuf
&yfwnfcsu/f óud;yrf;csurf sm;udk jynfwiG ;f jynfyESp&f yfpvH;k u ykrd ekd m;vnfvmEkid ±f rkH u
tem*wf ppf%m&Sipf epfEiS hf vlrsKd ;}u;D 0g'zsuo f rd ;f a&;/ vGwv f yfr/_ pnf;vH;k r_/ at;csr;f r_/
zGŒH òz;d wd;k wufr&_ adS om 'Dru kd a&pDzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k nfaqmufa&;twGuf wenf;
wzHk tusKd ;jzpfxeG ;f aprnfjzpfa=umif; azmfjyvdu k &f ayonf?
apmbkdjr
OuU@
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if t
H rsdK;om;aumifpD
&ufpJG =2003 ckEpS /f arv (27)&uf?
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

jy nf ol Œ v$ wf a w mf udk ,f p m ; ðy aumf r wD

tydik ;f
(1)

14
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

“jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD”
jynfolŒv$wfawmfaumfrwDudk atmufazmfjyygyk*~dKvf (18)OD;jzifhzGJŒpnf;xm;ygonf//

(1) OD;atmifa&$ (OuUÏ/ jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD)

OuUÏ/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &efuek w f idk ;f / r&rf;uke;f òrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSw(f 1)/
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,?f
tz OD;zd;k uGe;f .om; OD;atmifa&$ukd 1918 ckEpS /f arv(19)&ufae@wiG f zGm;jrifonf? 1940
jynfEh pS wf iG f &efuek w f uUov kd rf S bDatbGŒJ &onf? 1942-45 ckEpS rf sm;wGif Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;
OD;aqmifonfh Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf/ ArmhumuG,af &;wyfrawmfEiS hf ArmhrsKd ;cspw f yfrawmf
wd@k wiG f yg0ifcI hJ vGwv f yfa&;óu;d yrf;r_wiG f +Aw d o d #e,fcsŒJ ESihf *syefzufqpfukd awmfveS cf o hJ nf? (1945
- 1961) wyfrawmf (=unf;)wGif ud, k yf ikd t
f rSwf (3505) Adv k }f u;D tqifrh pS I wm0efxrf;aqmifc&hJ m
Adv
k rf ;ª }uD;/ ppfaxmufcsKyf/ Adv k rf ;ª csKyf/ wdik ;f rª;txd aqmif&u G cf o
hJ nf? 25-2-1959 rS 15-2-
1961 twGi;f awmifyikd ;f wdik ;f ppfXmecsKyfwiG f wdik ;f rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf a&G;aumufyJG
wGif bufvu kd cf o hJ nf[q k u
kd m 13-2-1961 ae@ &mxl;cef@xm;a&;tzGŒJ tpnf;ta0;u wyfr
awmfwiG f ppfrx _ rf;jcif;rS t+idr;f pm;,lciG ðhf ycJo h nf? 1961-1975 jrefrmEdik if q H ikd &f moHtrwf}uD;/
=opa=w;v# (e,l;ZDvefyg yl;wGI J )/ tD*sp/f jyifopf/ (pydeEf iS , hf el ufpud)k tzGŒJ wd@k yg yl;wGw J m0ef,Il
1975 ckEpS w f iG t f +idr;f pm;,lco hJ nf?

(2) OD;oef;xGef; (twGif;a&;rª;/ jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD)

A[kt d vkyt
f r_aqmifaumfrwD0if/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rE aW v;wkid ;f / awmifom
òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(f 2)/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,?f
tz OD;zd;k rif;.om; OD;oef;xGe;f udk 1922 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (10)&ufae@wiG f zGm;jrif
onf? 1937-1941 q,fwef;ausmif;om;/ jrif;+caH usmif;om;or*~tr_aqmif/ 1942-1946 Armh
vGwv f yfa&;wyfrawmf tkycf sKyfa&;0if zufqpfawmfveS af &; jrif;+cHc±dik w f m0efc/H 1946-1953
jrif;+cHc±dik f zqyv twGi;f a&;rª;/ 1947-1958 wdik ;f ðyjynfðyv$waf wmftrwf/ ygvrD eftrwf/
ygvrD eftwGi;f 0ef/ 1953-1962 tvkyo f rm;tpnf;t±H;k rsm;tzGŒJ csKyf ArmEdik if H (wD,pl b D )D twGi;f
a&;rª;/ 1964 vrf;pOfygw0D if/ 1964-1975 ukeo f , G af &;(4)tzGŒJ 0if?

(3) OD ; at;omatmif (twG i f ; a&;rª ; / jynf o l Œ v$ w f a wmf u d k , f p m;ðyaumf r wD )

wGbJ uftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;/ &cdik t f rsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
&cdik jf ynfe,f/ ajryHòk rŒd YarG;zGm;onf? umuG,af &;0ef}u;D Xme/ t}u;D pm;pufrv _ yk if ef;aumf
ydak &;&Si;f wGif 'k Adv
k rf ;ª }u;D tjzpf tr_xrf;cJo
h nf? &cdik t f rsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . wGb
J uftaxG
axGtwGi;f a&;rª;jzpfonf? 2000 jynfEh pS /f {+yv D (24)&ufae@wiG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;. zrf;qD;jcif;cHchJ
&+yD; ZGev f (21)&ufae@wiG f axmif'%f (21)ESpf csrw S cf cH &hJ onf?
15
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

(4) OD;wifOD; (tzGJŒ0if/ jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD)

'k-OuUÏ/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
1927 ckEpS wf iG f {&m0wDwikd ;f / ykord òf rdŒY arG;zGm;onf? 1974-1976 ckEpS rf sm;wGif Adv k f
csKyf}uD;tjzpfESifh umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1976 ckESpfwGif ratmifjrifaom
tm%modr;f r_Y yg0ifywfoufonf[k pGypf cJG &H +y;D axmif'%fcsrw S cf cH &hJ I 1980 jynfEh pS w f iG f vGwf
+idr;f csr;f omcGit hf rde@f jzifh jyefvw
G v f monf? 1989 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v
f (20)&ufae@wiG f tus,cf sKyfjzifh
xde;f odr;f cHc&hJ +yD; 1989 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv(22)&ufae@wiG f axmif'%f(3)ESpf tjypfay;cHc&hJ onf?
2000 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv(22)&ufae@wiG f ppftm%m&Sirf sm;. xyfrx H ed ;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +y;D 2001
ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (24)&ufae@wiG f jyefvnfvw G af jrmufvmcJoh nf?

(5) a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf (tzG @ J 0 if / jynf o l Œ v$ w f a wmf u d k , f p m;ðyaumf r wD )

taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
1945 ckEpS /f ZGev f (19)&ufae@wiG f zcifAv kd cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf rdcif a':cif=unfw@kd rS arG;zGm;
cJo h nf? rdcifa':cif=unf tdE, dN Edik if q
H ikd &f m jrefrmoHtrwf}uD;tjzpf tr_xrf;pOf rdcifEiS t hf wl
vdu k yf gI tdE, dN ESihf +Aw
d ed Ef ikd if w
H @kd wiG f ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? '\eduaA'/ Edik if aH &;odyEH` iS hf pD;yGm;a&;
bmom&yfrsm;jzifh atmufpzd@k 'w f uUov kd rf S 1967 ckEpS w f iG f 0dZm… (*k%x f ;l )bGŒJ &cJoh nf? tar&duef
Edik if H e,l;a,mufòrŒd &Sd urBmu h v k or*~±;kH csKyfwiG f tr_xrf;cJ+h y;D aemuf 1972 ckEpS w f iG f atmufpzd@k 'f
wuUov kd rf S wdbuf,Ofaus;r_EiS hf [dr0Eœma'oqdik &f myg&*l rdu k u f ,ft&J pP (Dr. Michael Aris)ESihf
vufxyfco hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS /f {+yDvwGif cifyeG ;f / om;ESpaf ,mufEiS t hf wl ruse;f rmaom rdcifukd
ðypkapmifah &Smuf&ef jrefrmjynfo@kd jyefvmcJo h nf? 1988 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f wGif jzpfymG ;cJah om vlxk
tHºk uGr}_ uD;wGif t"dutwdu k t f cHacgi;f aqmifjzpfvm+yD; pufwifbmvwGif trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzGŒJ csKyf. taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; jzpfvmonf? 1989 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (19)&ufae@rS 1995 ckEpS /f
Zlvikd v f (10)&ufae@txd(6)ESp=f um aetdrt f us,cf sKyjf zifh xde;f odr;f cHc&hJ onf? aetdrt f us,cf sKyf
uscaH e&pOf 1991 ckEpS w f iG f +ird ;f csr;f a&;Edb k ,fvq f &k &Scd o hJ nf? 1995 ckEpS /f vpfb&,ftifwmae&Sif
e,fvw G v f yfa&;qk (Liberal International Prize for Freedom) cs;D jr‡ichf &H onf? ¡,if;qkukd
1993 ckEpS u f tdik , f mvefEikd if o H rRw ar&Da&mfbifqif Mary Robinson/ 1994 ckEpS u f ukv
or*~'u k o Q nfrsm;qdik &f m r[mrif;}uD; qm'gut kd *kd gwm Sadako Ogata wd@k &&Scd o hJ nf?¢ 2000
jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (23)&ufae@wiG f 'kw, d t}udrf aetdrt f us,cf sKyfjzifh xyfrx H ed ;f odr;f cH&
+y;D (19)vt=um 2002 ckEpS /f arv (6)&ufae@wiG jf yefvnfvw G af jrmufvmcJo h nf? tar&duefEikd if H
z&D;'rf;zd&k rftzGŒJ }u;D u 2002 ckEpS t f wGuf cs;D jri‡ ohf nfh “vGwv f yfaom pdw"f gwq f ”k (Al Neuharth
Free Spirit) ESihf Edik if w H umrS ay;tyfonfh *k%ðf yqkaygi;f (50)ausm&f &Scd o hJ nf?

16
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

(6) OD;vGif (tzGJ@0if/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD)

twGi;f a&;rª;/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &efuek w f ikd ;f / oH;k cGòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(f 1)/
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,?f
tz OD;bom.om; OD;vGiu f kd 1924 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (22)&ufae@wiG f zGm;jrifonf?
1942 ckEpS /f 'kw,
d urBmppf}uD;rwdik rf D &efuek w f iG f oli,fwef;rS q,fwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJh
onf? 1942 - 45 ckEpS rf sm;wGif Armhvw G v
f yfa&;wyfrawmf/ ArmhumuG,af &;wyfrawmf/ ArmhrsKd ;
cspwf yfrawmfw@kd wiG f yg0ifco hJ nf? ArmhumuG,af &;wyfrawmf yxrywf Adv k o f ifwef;qif;/ *syef
jynf bk&ifwh yfrawmf ppfwuUov kd af usmif;qif;/ 1946 - jyefwrf;0ift&m&S/d oeu(5)wd@k rS Adv k rf ;ª
}u;D tqift h xd/ 1952-54 wd@k wiG f tqifjh rifh ppfoifwef;rsm;udk t*Fvefjynf ppfwuUov kd w
f @kd wiG f
wufco hJ nf? 1962 - 1980 ppforH ;ª (tar&duefjynfaxmifp)k / 'k-wdik ;f rª;/ wdik ;f rª;/ 'k-0ef}uD;/
0ef}uD;/ 'kw, d 0ef}uD;csKyf/ Edik if aH wmfaumifp0D if/ 1980 ckEpS w f iG f tem;,lonf? vGwv f yfa&;armf
uGe;f 0if yxrqif/h Edik if *hH %
k &f nf yxrqif/h oD&yd scH sb D ŒJG rsm; cs;D jr‡ichf cH &hJ onf?

(7) OD;vSaz (tzGJŒ0if/ jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD)

A[dt k vkyt f rlaqmifaumfrwD0if/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
{&m0wDwidk ;f / armfvòrid u f |e;f òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(f 1)/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,?f
tz OD;armifqikd . f om; OD;vSaz udk 1927 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (19)&ufae@wiG zf mG ;jrifonf?
armfvòrid u f |e;f OD;armifaxG; txufwef;ausmif;ESihf òrrd txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wiG f q,fwef;xd
ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1951-1961 xd ygvrD eftrwf(armfvòrid u f |e;f )/ ygvrD eftwGi;f 0ef (0g;c,fr
awmifyikd ;f )/ Armjynfq&kd , S v
f pfygwED iS hf zqyvtwGi;f a&;rª;-armfvòrid u f |e;f / zqyvtzGŒJ ajrmif;
jrc±dik Ef iS {hf &m0wDwikd ;f twGi;f a&;rª;/ 1967 yd@k quf0ef}u;D Xme ndE‡ i_d ;f a&;t&m&SEd iS hf 1986 wdik ;f OD;pD;
rª;tjzpf t+idr;f pm;,lonf?

(8) OD;pkd;jrifh (ocifpkd;jrifh)/tzGJŒ0if/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD/

A[dt k vkyt f rlaqmifaumfrwD0if/ trdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
&efuek w f idk ;f / awmifOuUvmyòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(f 1)/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,?f
tzOD;&Sed . f om; OD;pd;k jrifu h kd 1923 ckEpS /f =o*kwvf (16)&ufae@wiG f zGm;jrifonf? ajrmif;jròrŒd
wGif t*Fvyd -f jrefrm (6)wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? ajrmif;jròrdŒe,f wd@k Armtpnf;t±H;k
twGi;f a&;rª;/ e,fcsŒJ ESihf zufqpfawmfveS af &; ajratmufacgi;f aqmif/ ArmhumuG,af &;wyfrawmf
wyf&if;rª;/ ykord cf ±dik f jrpf0u|e;f ay:wdik ;f ppfaumfrwD0if/ jynfoŒl ta&;awmfyykH gwD wnfaqmuf&m
wGif yg0ifc+hJ yD; qd&k ,S v f pfygwD ajrmif;jrc±dik f OuUÏ ESihf A[dOk ;D pD;tzGŒJ 0if/ zqyv A[dOk ;D pD;/ Awvp
A[dtk vkyt f r_aqmif/ qd&k , S ef D A[dak umfrwD0if/ jynfoŒl vli,ftzGŒJ csKyf 'k OuUÏ/ 1953 AD,ifem
vli,fnv D mcHomG ; ud, k pf m;vS,/f vGwv f yfa&;armfueG ;f 0ifyxrqif&h onf? t,f'w D m/ pmðy/
(17)vdik ;f tkycf sKyfa&;rª; ponfjzifh b0rsm;pGm usiv f nfco hJ nf?

17
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

(9) OD;vGef;wif (tzGJŒ0if/ jynfol Œv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD)

A[dt k vkytf rlaqmifaumfrwD0if/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
rGejf ynfe,f/ armfvòrdiòf rdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(f 1)/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,?f
tz OD;xGe;f vif;/ trd a':ode;f ar wd@k .om; OD;vGe;f wifukd 1921 ckEpS /f rwfv (2)&uf
ae@wiG zf mG ;jrifonf? 1928-32 ajrmif;jratbDtrftrsKd ;orD;tv,fwef;ausmif;/ 1932-41
ajrmif;jr txuwd@k wiG f q,fwef;atmifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1941-42 ppfjzpfcsed w f iG f
Oypm atmufwef;txd &efuek , f el AD mpDwaD umvdyw f iG f ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? ArmvGwv f yfa&;
wyfrawmf (bDtikd af t)wGif tjcm;tqifjh zif/h 1-2-42 rS 16-3-42 txd ArmhumuG,af &;wyfr
awmf(bD'aD t)wGif t&m&St d qifjh zif/h 27-7-42 rS 26-3-45 txd ArmhrsKd ;cspw f yfrawmf(bDyD
tufz)f wGif t&m&St d qifjh zif/h 27-3-45 rS 31-12-45 txd toD;oD; Edik if w H m0efxrf;aqmif
cJo
h nf? 1-2-45 wGif uENpD mcsKyft& zGŒJ pnf;aom ArmhwyfrawmfwiG f jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd jzpfvm
onf? oeu(5)wGif wyf&if;rª;tjzpf 11-6-53 rS 2-10-53 txd/ cv&(22)wGif wyf&if;rª;tjzpf
3-10-53 rS 28-7-55 txd/ cv&(6)wGif wyf&if;rª;tjzpf 29-7-55 rS 29-3-57 txd/ cv&
(14)wGif wyf&if;rª;tjzpf 30-3-57 rS 18-11-58 txd/ trSw(f 11) wyfr[mXmecsKyw f iG f ,m,D
wyfr[mrª;tjzpf 19-11-58 rS 19-5-59 txd/ trSwf (1)wyfr[mXmecsKyfwiG f ,m,D wyfr
[mrª;tjzpf 25-5-59 rS 16-8-61 txd/ trSw(f 7)wyfr[m XmecsKyfwiG f wyfr[mrª;tjzpf
17-8-61 rS 15-2-63 txd/ ercwdik ;f rª;tjzpf 16-2-63 rS 29-4-65 txd/ 29-4-65 rSpI
u-u-csKyf(=unf;)od@k wGzJ ufwm0ef/ ercwGif wdik ;f rª;tjzpf aqmif&u G pf Of bke;f }uD;ta&;tcif;
Y yg0ifywfoufrj_ zifh 1-9-65 rS 27-11-67 txdxed ;f odr;f cHc&hJ onf? umuG,af &;Xme aumifpD
!¸e=f um;csut f rSw-f 1§64/ tyd'k f (6-1)t& 25-1-68 rSpI ppfrx _ rf;aqmifjcif;rS &yfpcJ cH &hJ I
68-78 wGif trSw(f 1) pufr0_ ef}u;D Xme!¸ecf sKyf/ 78-81 tvkyo f rm;Xme!¸ecf sKyf/ 81-83 tvkyf
orm;Xmet}uaH y;yk*Kd~ vftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o
hJ nf? 88 ta&;tcif;+y;D aemuf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzGŒJ csKyo
f @kd 0ifa&mufco hJ nf? jyefwrf;0ifwyfrawmft&m&St d rSwrf mS (3618)jzpfonf? awmfveS af &;
aumifp0D ifjzpfczhJ ;l I vrf;pOfygwD wif;jynfyh gw0D ifvnf;jzpfco hJ nf? 88 ta&;tcif;wGif wyfr;ª
a[mif;rsm;tzGŒJ 0iftjzpf yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJo h nf? vGwv f yfa&;armfueG ;f 0ifyxrtqif/h Edik if *H % k &f nf
yxrtqif/h oD&yd scH saD Z,sausmx f if/ oD[AvwHqyd w f @kd tygt0if qkwq H yd (f 7)ck &&Scd o
hJ nf?

(10) OD;nGef@a0 (tzGJŒ0if/ jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD)

A[kt d vkyt f rlaqmifaumfrwD0if/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
yJc;l wdik ;f / awmifiòl rdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(f 2)/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,?f
tz OD;baqG.om; OD;!¸e@f a0udk 1926 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (14)&ufae@wiG f zGm;jrifonf?
&efuek w f uUov kd rf S 0dZm… (abm*aA')*k%x f ;l ESihf [m;AwfwuUov kd rf S r[m0dZm… (tkycf sKyfa&;)bGŒJ
wd@k &cJo
h nf? 1947 ckEpS w f iG f wESpt
f wGi;f vGwv f yfa&;&&S&d ef jyifqifrw _ iG f zqyvtzGŒJ csKyfu
ay;aom acgi;f aqmifoifwef;qif;? 1947-52 wuUov kd af usmif;om;acgi;f aqmif/ 1952-86
!¸e=f um;a&;rª;/ A[dpk m&if;tif;ESihf abm*aA'Xme/ pufvufrb _ %f/ refae*smcsKy/f pdu k yf sKd ;a&;b%f/
tmrcHaumfyakd &;&Si;f OD;aqmif!e¸ =f um;a&;rª;/ 1986 wGif oufjynft h +idr;f pm;,lonf?
18
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

(11) EdkifxGef;odef; (tzGJŒ0if/ jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD)

OuUÏ/ rGetf rsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ ?
rGejf ynfe,f/ oHjzLZ&yfòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,?f
tz OD;atmif'eG ;f .om; OD;Edik x f eG ;f ode;f udk 1917 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (31)&ufae@wiG f
zGm;jrifonf? 1938 ckEpS /f arvwGif t*Fvyd -f jrefrm q,fwef;atmifonf? 1945 ckEpS /f rwfvwGif
odyb H` ŒJG ( B.Sc.) &onf? 1946 ckEpS w f iG f &mrnwdik ;f vH;k qdik &f m rGet f zGŒJ csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;/
1947-48 wGif usKd ufcrD(8)e,fynmtky/f 1949-58 ckEpS t f xd vufeufuikd f rGeaf jratmufawmf
vSeaf &;tzGŒJ acgi;f aqmif/ 1958-63 txd Oya'abmiftwGi;f rGejf ynfoŒl wyfO;D tzGŒJ taxGaxG
twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif&u G o f nf? 1963-69 txd armfvòrdiaf xmifwiG f xde;f odr;f cH&onf?
1969-88 txdarmfvòrid +f rKd @ rGet f rsKd ;om;ae@usi;f ya&;aumfrwDem,u/ rGepf mayòyid yf q JG yfaumf
rwD OuUÏ/ rGet f rsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ (A[d)k OuUÏ jzpfonf?

(12) ylusifh&Sif;xef/ tzG@J0if/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD/

OuUX/ Zdrk ;D trsKd ;om;uGe*f &uf/
csi;f jynfe,f/ wD;wdeòf rdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)/
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,/f /
tz OD;qGr;f [ef.om; ylusi&hf iS ;f xef udk 1938 ckEpS /f {+yDv (6)&ufae@wiG zf mG ;jrifonf?
Zrf;yD tru/ wD;wdef txu/ rE aW v;wdik ;f cspaf usmif;wd@k wiG f ynmoif=um;cJ&h m 1958 ckEpS w f iG f
q,fwef;atmifonf? &efuek w f uUov kd Yf ynmqufvufoif=um;&m 1963-64 csi;f ausmif;om;
rsm; or*~ OuUÏ/ xdrk S 1964 ckEpS w f iG f Edik if aH &;odyb
H` mom/ t*Fvyd /f pmpDpmuH;k wd@k jzifh 0dZm… bGŒJ &
onf? 1964-67 &efuek w f uUov kd Of ya'XmewGif ynmqufvufoif=um;cJ&h m 1967 ckEpS w f iG f
0dZm… Oya'bGŒJ / 1968 ckEpS w f iG f Oya'0dZm… ( L.L.B. )bGŒJ &onf? 1969 ckEpS w f iG f a&SŒaetvkyo f if/
1971 ckEpS rf ,
S ae@txd w&m;±H;k csKyfa&SŒae/ 1961 ckEpS w f iG f jynfe,frsm;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;tzGŒJ
tvkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J 0if/ 1972 ckEpS f wGif jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H zGŒJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'a&;qG&J ef
t}uaH y;&mrS 1972 ckEpS rf S 1974 ckEpS t f xd xde;f odr;f cHc&hJ onf? Zdrk ;D trsKd ;om;uGe*f &uf(A[d)k wGif
OuUÏ tjzpfaqmif&u G o
f nf?

(13) cGefxGef;OD;/ tzGJ@0if/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,f pm;ðyaumfrwD/

OuUÏ/ &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
&Sr;f jynfe,f/ oDaygòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,/f /
tz OD;p0f=umZH. k om; OD;cGex f eG ;f OD;udk 1943 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (11)&ufae@wiG f
arG;zGm;onf? odEZDM mwdjzpfonf? awmif}u;D uarBmZaumvdyrf S 1964 ckEpS w f iG f wuUov kd 0f ifwef;
atmifI 1965 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uUov kd w f iG f Oya'bmom&yfukd 'kw, d ESptf xd wufa&mufoif
=um;cJo h nf? 1967-77 tif'ekd ;D &Sm;oH±;kH ppforH ;ª . ud, k af &;t&m&S/d 1984 ckEpS w f iG f Edik if w
H um
owif;pmjzef@csad &;ukr% ` D *syef(tdpk t D ufp)f . owif;pmjzef@csad &;ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf aqmif&u G f
19
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

onf? &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om; rsm;'Dru

kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf(A[d)k OuUÏ jzpfonf?

(14) OD ; vS a rmif / tzG @ J 0 if / jynf o l @ v$ w f a wmf u d k , f p m;ðyaumf r wD /

rdsK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJŒ/
u&ifjynfe,f/ =umtif;qdy}f uD;òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,/f /
tz OD;bd;k wpf/ trd a':rr}uD;wd@k .om; OD;vSarmifukd 1936 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (26)&uf
ae@wiG zf mG ;jrifonf? +rdwòf rdŒ oef;zd&k yfZmwdjzpfonf? 'kw, d wef;txd oef;zd&k yfwiG f ausmif;aecJh
onf? 1945-51 xm;0,f trSw(f 1)tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txd ynmoif=um;
cJo
h nf? 1954 ck/ =o*kwv f (20)&ufae@wiG f wyfrawmfo@kd wyfom;tqifjh zifh pwif0ifa&mufonf?
1959 ckEpS /f ZGev f wGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd 'k-Adv k /f ucsi(f 4)? vdKG ifvif/ ppfuikd ;f / usKd if;wHw
k @kd wiG f
aEGO;D ppfqifa&;YygI aoewf'%f&m&&Scd o hJ nf? 1962 Adv k /f evu OuUÏ/ ppfuikd ;f / jynfc±dik f oJuek ;f /
aygi;f wnfw@kd wiG f 1970 ckEpS t f xd wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1971 ckEpS w f iG f e,fbufwm0efrS
ppfbufwm0eftjzpf cv&(48) awmifiw l iG f wyfa&;/ wyfcrJG ;ª ponfjzifh atmifp;kd rd;k ppfqifa&;wGif
ygonf? 1972-75 tv,fyikd ;f wdik ;f ppfXmecsKyf pcef;rª;/ r*Fvm'H/k awmifi/l atmifp;kd rd;k ppfqifa&;
wd@k wiG v
f nf;aumif;/ 1975-79 wyfcrJG ;ª / Adv k rf ;ª ppfa=umif;rª;/ cv&(65) rdik ;f wH/k usKd if;wH/k rdik ;f jyif;/
rdik ;f qwfe,fajrwd@k wiG f rd;k [de;f (1§2§3)ppfqifa&;wd@k wiG f yg0ifco hJ nf? 1979 ckEpS w f iG f wyf&if;rª;/
cv&(97) aumhu&dw/f jr0wD/ bm;tH? 1984 ckEpS w f iG f 'kw,d Advk rf ;ª }uD;tqifjh zifh wyfrawmfrS
t+idr;f pm;,lco hJ nf?

(15) OD;pdk;0if;/ tzGŒJ 0if/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD/

trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDygw/D
yJc;l wkid ;f / yJc;l òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,/f /
tz OD;=uifqikd . f om; OD;pd;k 0if;udk 1945 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (7)&ufae@wiG af rG;zGm;onf?
anmifO;D òrŒd Zmwdjzpfonf? 1968 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek pf ;D yGm;a&;wuUov kd rf S 0g%Zd (… pufrE_ iS u hf ek x
f w
k )f
bGŒJ &onf? 1968-72 okawoevufaxmuf(pDru H ed ;f Xme) tkwu f si;f *Hek pD uf±/kH ‚if;aemuf yHEk ydS f
vkyif ef;vkyu f ikd o
f nf?

(16) OD;ode;f az
az/ tzGŒJ 0if/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrwD/
woD;yk*v ~ / ppfuikd ;f wkid ;f / uef@bvlòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,/f /
tz OD;boif.om; OD;ode;f azudk 1940 jynfEh pS /f Zefe0g&v D (5)&ufae@wiG zf mG ;jrifonf?
[krv
R if;Zmwfjzpfonf? 1958 ckEpS w f iG f [krv
R if; txurSwef;jrifah usmif;xGupf mar;yGaJ tmifI
20
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1961 ckEpS w f iG f vufaxmufuse;f rma&;rª;oifwef;atmifonf? 1961 ckEpS rf pS I use;f rma&;rª;

tjzpf aus;vufuse;f rma&;Xmersm;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ yD; 1987 ckEpS w f iG f t+idr;f pm;,lcJ
onf? 29-9-90 &ufae@u tr&yl&(2) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGif
ðyvkyaf om ,m,Dtpd;k &zG@J pnf;a&; v#Kd @0u S t
f pnf;ta0;od@k wufa&mufcI hJ oufqikd &f mrS xde;f
odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onf? ‚if;aemuf jypfrq_ ikd &f m Oya'yk'rf (122)(1)t& jypfrx _ if&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&I
a&G;aumufyOJG ya' (11)(n)ESihf ndpeG ;f ojzifh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t
f jzpfrS y,fzsuv f u
kd af =umif;
aumfr&Sirf S 22-1-92 ae@pjJG zifah =unmonf?

(17) OD;ausmrf if;/ tzGŒJ 0if/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD/

trsKd ;om;vlŒtcGit hf a&;'Dru kd &ufwpfygw/D
&cdik jf ynfe,f/ bl;oD;awmifòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu f , dk pf m;vS,/f /
tz OD;azmfaZmfa&mfref;/ trd a':avrefcgw. l om; OD;ausmrf if;(c)rmarmufa&Smif±_
tmaemf*v l ma[mufukd 1953 ckEpS w f iG zf mG ;jrifonf? bl;oD;awmifòrŒd e,f/ rdausmif;aus;&GmZmwd
jzpf o nf ? rd a usmif ; aus;&G m tru/ awmif b Zm tvu/ ppf a wG txu
wd@k wiG yf nmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1968 ckEpS w f iG f pD;yGm;a&;wuUov kd rf S ( B.Com. )bGŒJ &onf? 1969
ckEpS w
f iG f txu(3) ppfawG txufwef;jyq&m/ 1983 ckEpS w f iG f ynma&;'Dyvdrk mbGŒJ &I bl;oD;
awmifòrŒd e,f vufaxmufynma&;rª;/ 1985 wGif tv,fwef;ausmif;tkyt f jzpf aqmif&u
G cf &hJ mrS
1989 ckEpS /f rwfvwGif tvkyrf x S w k yf ,fc&H onf?

(18) OD;axmifcx kd ef;/ tzGŒJ 0if/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu f ,

fkd pf m;ðyaumfrwD/
jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
ppfuikd ;f wkid ;f / wrl;òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,f/
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,/f /
wrl;òrdŒe,f/ pHuyfaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1951 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (5)&ufae@wiG f tz
OD;&efcv
kd eG ;f / trd a':vdi_ cf u kd si;f wd@k raS rG;zGm;onf? jynfawmfomaus;&Gm tru/ wrl; truESihf
txu/ tvHk txu(1) &efuek /f trSw(f 2) txu (xD;wef;) =unfjh rifwikd /f &efuek 0f Zd m… ESio hf yd H`
wuUov kd f wd@k wiG f 0dZm… bG@J &onftxd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? ukeof nftvkyjf zift
h oufarG;onf?
21
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD. rJqENe,fudk,fpm;ðyr+

pOf Ed k i f i H a &;ygwD t zG J @ tpnf ; rJqENe,f

1? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf 392

2? &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf 23
3? &cdik t f rsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf 11
4? rGet f rsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J 5
5? trsKd ;om;vl@tcGit hf a&;'Dru
kd &ufwpfygwD 4
6? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDygwD 3
7? Zdrk ;D trsKd ;om;uGe*f &uf 2
8? jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf 1
9? rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ 1
10? woD;yk*v ~ 1

aygif; 443

22
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD. xkwfjyefa-unmcsufrsm;ESifhywfoufI
a':atmifqef;pk-unf. oabmxm;

ppfreS af om 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if rH sm;.ausm±d;k onf vGwv f yfI w&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyJG

rSwqifh wifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aomjynfo@l vw $ af wmfjzpfygonf? xkad =umifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:
ayguaf &;ESihf 'Dru kd a&pDta&;udk rnfuo hJ @kd r#cjJG cm;Ir&yg? 1990ckEpS /f a&G;aumufy=JG uD;udk jynfo@l
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf&efusif;yaom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;
aumufyw JG iG f yg0if,OS òf ydicf ahJ om Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESiyhf *k Kd~ vfrsm;/ a&G;aumufyw JG iG rf aJ y;cJah om
Edik if oH El ikd if o
H m;rsm;tm;vH;k onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:ayguaf &;udv k ufcI H oabmwlnpD mG ESihf
aqmif&u G cf =hJ uonf[k qdEk ikd yf gonf? xk@d a=umifh Tyk*K~d vftm;vH;k tay:wGif a&G;aumufy. JG &v'f
udk taumiftxnfazmf&ef wwftm;or# óu;d yrf;&rnfh wm0ef&adS eygonf? jynfo@l rsm;. axmuf
cHru J &kd ,l+yD;/ a&G;cs,jf cif;cHc=hJ u&aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tay:wGif txl;wm
0ef&ydS gonf?

jynfoŒl v$waf wmfatmifjrifpmG ac:,l+yD;/ v$waf wmfpnf;rsO;f rsm;ESit hf nD vkyu f ikd af qmif
&GuEf ikd o
f nfh tajctaera&mufEikd af o;onfh tcsed u f mvtwGi;f / rnfonfh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;
vS,rf S rdr. d qENt&aomfvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;yk*Kd~ vfrsm;/ tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;. qENt&/ cdik ;f apcsuf
t&aomfvnf;aumif; v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,tf jzpfrS rE_wxf u
G Ef idk yf g? rnfo/l rnfonft h zGŒJ
tpnf;urSvnf; v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk v$waf wmfrac: rDumvtwGi;f ud, k pf m;vS,f
tjzpfrS y,fzsuI f r&Edik yf g? jynfou l a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufxm;aom jynfo@l vw G af wmfu, kd pf m;
vS,rf sm;onf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfay:ayguaf &;udk wpdu k rf wfrwf aqmif&u G af e=u&rnfomjzpf
ygonf? TuJo h @kd aqmif&u G jf cif;jzifh jynfot l ay: opPmapmifph nf;a=umif;udjk yo&ygrnf?

23
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

v$wfawmfac:,la&;udk ydwfyif[ef@wm;vdkaom&nf&G,fcsufjzifh tm%mydkifrsm;onf

jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f ajrmuftrsm;udk xdr;f odr;f jcif;/ twif;t=uyf zdtm;ay;I rw
&m;E_wx f u G af pjcif;rsm;udk ðyvkycf yhJ gonf? TuJo h @kd tcuftcJrsm;twGi;f rSyif a&G;aumufyw JG iG f
atmifjrifcahJ om rJqENe,fajrta&twGut f & yxr/ 'kw, d ESihf wwd,ae&mrsm;ud&k &Scd ahJ om
trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &cdik t
f rsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ
csKyf wd@k EiS t
hf wl rGetf rsKd ;om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J ESihf Zdrk ;D trsKd ;om;uGe*f &ufw@kd u yl;aygi;f I ppfreS af om
'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpkay:aygufa&;udkar#mfudk;+yD; jynfolŒv$wfawmfac:,la&;udka&S@±_um
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDukd zGŒJ pnf;cJjh cif;jzpfygonf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD. a=unmcsufrsm;udkavhvmvsif ppfrSefaom

'Dru
kd a&pD v$waf wmfw&yftaejzifh Oya'ðya&;wm0efrsm;udk Edik if . H tusKd ;ESivhf nf;aumif;/ tajccH
vlŒtcGit hf a&;rsm;ESiv hf nf;aumif; udu k n
f pD mG rnfuo hJ @kd aqmif&u G rf nfukd odjrifEikd yf grnf? xd@k
tjyif jynfot l ay: opPmxm;aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf rnfuo hJ @kd aom
t=uyftwnf;rsm;t=um;rS &yfwnfae=uonfuv kd nf; od&EdS ikd yf grnf? ppfreS af om 'Dru kd a&pDjynf
axmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf ay:xGe;f &eftwGuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,la&;onf t"duusa=umif;ESihf
'Dru dk a&pDukd cspjf rwfE;kd aomyk*Kd~ vfrsm;. ZG/J owW/d vH@k v/ 0d&, d wd@k a=umifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,l
a&; rkcsatmifjrifrnfjzpfa=umif;wd@k uv kd nf; em;vnfoabmaygurf nf[k ar#mv f ifyh gonf?

a':atmifqef;pk-unf

24
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD. xkwfjyefa-unmcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufI

twGif;a&;rSL; OD;at;omatmif. oabmxm;

“ Oya't&mwGif vlwidk ;f onftnDtr#omjzpf. ” [k tqkt d rde@f &o

dS nf// Ttqkt d rde@f
ukd vufawGŒusio hf ;Hk aomEkid if rH sm;&S.
d // ,if;Ekid if rH sm;rSm 'Dru
kd a&pDEikd if rH sm;jzpf=uonf// xkEd idk if rH sm;
wGif 'Dru kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;/ vl@tcGit hf a&;rsm;udak v;pm;vku d ef m=u.// jynfow l @kd ud,
k w
f idk u
f vnf;
Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;ponfw@dk udk vGwv f w G v f yfvyfzefw;D Edik rf &_ =dS u.// xd@k a=umifh tqkyd gEikd if H
rsm;wGif zGŒH òzd;wd;k wuf=u.//

tcsKd ŒaomEkid if rH sm;wGirf l tkypf ;kd olw@dk onf tm%mudk Oya'ESit

hf nD &,ljcif;r&So
d nfh
tjyif Oya'tay: Yaev#uf xif&mpkid ;f umtkycf sKyfwwf=u.// xk@d a=umifh tajccH'rD u dk a&pDtcGihf
ta&;rsm;qdwfokOf;ae+yD; jynfolwkd@.tcGifhta&;ESifhvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;vnf; uG,faysmufaejcif;
a=umifh zGHΘzd;wdk;wufjcif;r&Sdonfhtjyif acwfaemufjyefyifqGJaewwf.// ,if;EkdifiHrsm;rSm
tm%m&SiEf idk if rH sm;omjzpf=u.//

vGwv f yfa&;&jy;D aemuf jrefrmEkid if w H iG f ygvrD ef'rD u

dk a&pDpepfjzifh tkycf sKycf o hJ nfuh mvxuf
wyfrawmfrt S m%modr;f +yD; tkycf sKyfco hJ nfu h mvu ydI k =um&Sncf o hJ nf// ygvrD ef'rD u dk a&pDacwf
wGif vGwv f yfpmG ajymqkpd nf;±k;H cGi/hf vGwv f yfpmG a&;om;xkwaf 0cGi/hf vGwv f yfpmG toif;tzGŒJ ˜ zGŒJ
pnf;cGihf ponft h ajccH'rD udk a&pDtcGit hf a&;rsm; tawmftoif&h cdS o hJ nf// “tcsKyftjcmtm%m
onf jynforl sm;xHrS qif;ouf&rnf” qdak om 'Dru kd a&pDrt l & a&G;aumufyrJG sm;jzifh wifajr‡muf
xm;onfh jynfo@l u, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfuzdk ŒJG pnf;+yD; xdjk ynfoŒl v$waf wmfryS if
tkycf sKyfa&;tzG@J tpnf;udzk @JG pnf;Itkycf sKyfc=hJ uonf// od@k &mwGif 1962 ckEpS /f wyfrawmfrS tm%m
odr;f ,l+y;D aemuf wygwpD epfuu kd sio hf ;Hk cJ&h mrS trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;!Gwrf y_ sujf ym;um jynfow l @kd .
Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/ ponfh vlra_ &;b0tajctaersm; ,d, k iG ;f vmvsuf taxGaxGtusyf
twnf;rsm;ESi=hf uKH=udKufjyD; 1988 ckEpS w f iG f vlxt k =Hk uGr=_ uD;ay:aygucf &hJ ayonf? xkv d x l tk =Hk uGr_
rSjynfow l @dk . awmif;qkrd a_ =umifh ygwpD pHk epfukd cGiðhf yI a&G;aumufyu JG v
kd nf; usi;f yay;cJo h nf//

xko
d @kd usi;f ycJo
h nfh 1990 jynfEh pS /f a&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsKd ;om;'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS tjywf
towftEdkif&cJhouJhokd@ tjcm;wkdif;&if;om;ygwDtcsdKŒuvnf; oufqkdif&mjynfe,frsm;wGif
toD;oD;tEdik &f cJ.
h // ygwtD vku d af &G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufc&H onfh ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;. trnfpm&if;
rsm;ukv
d n;f twnfðya=unmay;cJ+h yD;jzpfonf? jynfwiG ;f a&mjynfyEkid if rH sm;uyg Ta&G;aumuf
yGo
J nf twkid ;f twmwckxd vGwv f yfIw&m;r#wr_&adS =umif; todtrSwðf ycJ=h uonf?

25
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

od@k &mwGif tm%mydik w f @dk onf jynfow l @dk .qENurkd suu f ,G ðf yvsuf a&G;aumufyt JG wGuf
ay;xm;cJo h nfh uwdu0wfrsm;udk csKd ;azmuf=uonf/ xk@d a=umifh a&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsm;qk;H tEkid &f
cJoh nfh trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyftygt0if wkid ;f &if;om;ygwrD sm;u jynfo@l vw G af wmfac:,l
usi;f yay;a&;ESihf tm%mv$aJ jymif;ay;a&;wk@d twGuf 0dik t f rfpaD t a=unmpmwrf;/ *EDcN rf;r
a=unmpmwrf; ESihf Adv k af tmifausmv f rf;yl;wGaJ =unmpmwrf;wk@d ux kd wk jf yef+y;D tm%mydik w f @dk tm;
wku d wf eG ;f awmif;qkcd =hJ uonf// od@k &mwGif tm%mydik w f @dk u rnfo@kd r#aqmif&u G af y;cJjh cif;r&So d nfh
tjyif ygwrD sm;udzk suo f rd ;f jcif;/ zrf;qD;jcif;/ tusyu f idk jf cif;rsm;udv
k nf; ðyvkyv f mcJo h nf? Tod@k zrf;
qD;/ zdEydS rf t_ rsKd ;rsKd ;=um;rS Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;onf jynfow l @dk . ay;tyf
aomwm0eft& jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:ayguaf &;twGuf tpOfwpdu k óf u;d yrf;=u&m 1998 ckEpS w f iG f
trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS &ufaygi;f (60)twGi;f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lay;&ef tm%mydik f
rsm;xH yl;wGaJ wmif;qdck =hJ uonf? od@k &mwGif t%mydik rf sm;u aqmif&u G af y;cJjh cif;r&Scd ahJ y? xdak =umifh
trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfonf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,lusi;f yEdik af &;twGuf wdik ;f &if;om;ygwD
rsm;/ tjcm; 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESihf !dES i_d ;f aqG;aEG;+yD; taumif;qH;k enf;vrf;jzifh jynfow l @kd .
ay;tyfxm;aomwm0efukd ausyeG pf mG xrf;aqmifEikd af &;twGuf óu;d yrf;aepOf tm%mydik w f @kd onf
jynfo@l vw G af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (180)ausmEf iS hf tzGŒJ csKyfrS ygw0D iftrsm;tjym;tygt0if tjcm;
ygwrD sm;rSEikd if aH &;orm;rsm;tm; zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;jzifh ‚if;wd@k . ADZo±kyo f uefukd urBmu jrifap
cJo
h nf?

rnfo@kd yifjzpfap a&G;aumufyw JG iG t

f Edik &f cJ=h uonfEh ikd if aH &;ygwrD sm;taejzifh jynfov l xl u k
ay;tyfcahJ omwm0efukd OD;vnfrokef aqmif&u G o f mG ;rnf[k oHEÏMd mefcsrw S x f m;jy;D jzpfonfEiS t hf nD
jynfolwdk@.qENudk atmifjrifpGmtaumiftxnfazmfEdkifa&;twGuf (16-9-98)&ufae@wGif
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDukd w&m;0ifzŒJG pnf;vdu k &f jcif;jzpfayonf? xkd jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDukd trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEiS t hf wl wdik ;f &if;om;Edik if aH &;ygwD (4)
ygww D @kd vufwv JG suf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f (251)OD;wd@k u v$t J yfay;xm;onfh vkyyf ikd f
cGirhf sm;t& w&m;0ifz@JG pnf;cJjh cif;jzpfonf? ,if;od@k z@JG pnf;jyD;aemuf TaumfrwDonf acwfEiS hf
rqDavsmfaom/ jynfolwdk@.tusdK;ESihfqef@usifaomOy'rsm;udk jyifqifjcif;/ y,fzsufjcif;rsm;
ðyvkycf o hJ uJo h @kd vuf&t dS m%mydik rf sm;. w&m;vufvw G ðf yrlaqmif&u G af er_rsm;udv k nf; jynforl sm;
od&adS p&ef a=unmcsurf sm; xkwjf yefay;vsu&f o dS nf? tqdyk ga=unmcsurf sm;udk zwf±j_ cif;tm;jzifh
trsm;jynfow l @kd onf TaumfrwD. aqmif&u G cf surf sm;udk ydrk ekd m;vnf oabmayguv f m=urnfh
tjyif/ tm%mydik w f @kd . w&m;vufvw G ðf yrlaqmif&u G cf surf sm;ESihf jynfov l xl t k m; rxDrjhJ rif
ðyaer_w@dk ukd trSet f wdik ;f odjrifEikd =f urnfjzpfonf?

OD;at;omatmif

26
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDzGJŒcsKyf
trSwf (97§c)/ taemufa&$*kHwkdifvrf;
A[ef;ðrdŒe,f / &efukefòrdŒ?

pmtrSwf - 060 § pnf; ( +idrf ) § 96 ?

&ufpJG - 1996 ckEpS /f rwfv (25) &uf?
od@k
Adv
k cf sKyfr;ª }uD;oef;a&$
OuUÏ
Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if aH wmf

ta=umif;t&m? ? yxrt}udrjf ynfoŒl v$waf wmftpnf;ta0; ac:,lusi;f yrnf&h ufowf

rSw&f ef jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm; !dE‡ id_ ;f aqmif&u
G af &;twGuf
pDpOfay;&efupd /P /

1// 1988ckEpS /f pufwifbmv(18)&ufae@wiG f xkwjf yefcahJ om Ekid if aH wmfjird 0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnf
aqmuf a&;tzG@J / (a=unmcsut f rSwf - 1§88) t& ² ² ²
“(u) w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;/ e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;/
(c) vrf;yrf;qufo, G rf v_ ðHk cHacsmarG@apa&;/
(*) jynforl sm;. pm;0wfaea&; acsmifvnfap&ef TtzG@J rS tpGr;f ukeóf u;d yrf;aqmif&u G f
ay;&efEiS hf yk*v~ ud / or0g,rwd@k aqmif&u G Ef ikd af tmifvnf; wwfEidk o
f r#un
l aD qmif
&Guaf y;Ekid af &;/
(C) txufygvyk if ef;&yfrsm; jynfph +Hk y;D v#if ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f y
a&;”
wd@k ukd vufiif;vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;tjzpfxrf;aqmif&ef wdik ;f jynfo@kd Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;
r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ u a=unmcJyh gonf?

2? tqkyd ga=unmcsut f rSwf (1§88) tyd'k f - 3 wGif ² ² ²

“taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f yonfth csed w
f iG f tqifoifjh zpfae&eftwGuf ppfreS af om
'Dru
kd a&pDukd vufcu H sio
hf ;Hk rnfh ygwt D zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;onf ,cktcgrpS I jyifqifzŒJG pnf;Ekid =f uonf?”
æ [kwu dk w
f eG ;f cJyh gonf?

27
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

3? od@k jzpfI ppfreS af omygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDEidk if aH wmf yDjyifpmG ay:xGe;f vma&;ESifh trsm;jynfol
wd@k .qENEiS ufh u kd n
f aD om tajccHv@l tcGit hf a&;rsm;udt k mrcHrnfh ppfreS of nf'h rD u
dk a&pDtpd;k &
jzpfay:vmap&ef&nf&, G v f #u/f trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf/ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnf
aqmufa&;tzGŒJ u 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (27)&ufae@wiG jf yÏmef;cJah om Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;
rSwyf w
Hk ifjcif;Oya' (Oya'trSwf 4§88) t&/ ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;
aumfr&Siw f iG f rSwyf w
Hk ifc+hJ yD;/ Edik if aH &;ygwt D zGŒJ tpnf;tjzpf w&m;0if&yfwnfaev#u&f ydS gonf?

4// vGwv f yfI w&m;r#waom ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f yI jynfoŒl

v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufEidk &f ef Ekid if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmuf
a&;tzGŒJ u 1989 ckEpS /f arv (31) &ufae@wiG f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' (Oya'trSwf
14§89) udk jyÏmef;vku d yf gonf?

5// ‚if;jyif ygwpD 'Hk rD udk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu

f 1988 ckEpS /f ZGev
f
(30) &ufae@wiG xf w k jf yefcahJ om/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyeJG nf;Oya'rsm; (ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pD
taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sif enf;Oya'rsm;/ trSwf - 1§89) ESit fh nDvnf;/ trsKd ;
om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf 1990jynfEh pS /f arv(27) &ufae@Yusi;f ycJah om ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pD
taxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f yg0if,OS òf ydit
f a&G;cHcyhJ gonf//

6? xko
d @kd ta&G;cHc&hJ mwGif jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrq J ENe,f (485)ae&m usi;f yay;cJo h nft
h euf/
rJqENe,f(392) ae&mwGif trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS tEkid &f &Scd +hJ y;D / jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,kd pf m;
vS,rf sm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufjcif;cHc&hJ ygonf// xd@k a=umifh rJqENe,f&mckid Ef e_ ;f tm;jzifh (82)
cef@ tEkid &f &Scd yhJ gojzifh rJqEN&iS jf ynfov
l x l .
k axmufcrH y_ rm% rnfr#}uD;rm;a=umif; xif&mS ;
vSygonf//

7? wzef jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if aH wmfygwpD 'Hk rD udk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;

aumfr&Siuf 1990 jynfEh pS /f Zlvidk v
f (1)&ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf (896)udk xkwjf yefI
trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu yg0if,OS òf yid o
f nfh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (447) OD;teuf
vGwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (87²70) &mckid Ef e_ ;f udk a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHc&hJ a=umif; w&m;0if
todtrSwðf ycJyh gonf/ TrSmwGiv f nf; jynfov l x l uk wcJeufaxmufcrH a_ y;vku d af =umif; xif&mS ;
pGmjyoaejcif;jzpfjyefygonf//

8// od@k aomf ,ae@widk f ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Si. f t+yD;
owftpD&ifcpH mxGuaf y:vmjcif;r&Sad o;yg// 1992 ckEpS /f rwfv (24)&ufae@wiG f xkwjf yefcahJ om
“jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sif a=unm
csut f rSwf (1014)” wGif -
“··· Taumfr&Sio f nf ygwpD 'Hk rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd }uD;rª;usi;f yay;cJ&h m/ ,if;
a&G;aumufyo JG nf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if aH wmfwiG f ygwpD pHk epfjyefvnfusio hf ;Hk Ekid af &;twGu/f
yxrOD;qk;H usi;f yonfah &G;aumufyjJG zpfygonf/ ,if;a&G;aumufyu JG kd jyÏmef;xm;aom jynfoŒl v$wf
28
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

awmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ESit fh nD usi;f yay;cJ+h yD;jzpfygonf? ,if;a&G;aumufywJG iG f

v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufcx H m;&olrsm;ESihf ywfoufIvnf;aumif;/
±_;H edrv
hf w
$ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;ESiyfh wfoufIvnf;aumif;/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumuf
yGOJ ya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ESit hf nD pDppf&ef aumfr&Siw f iG w
f m0ef&ydS gonf// ···” [kazmfjycJyh gonf?

9// 1992 ckEpS /f {+yDv (6)&ufae@wiG f usi;f ycJah om jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if aH wmf ygwpD 'Hk rD kd
ua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&SiEf iS hf jynfe,f§wkid ;f / òrŒd e,faumfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGJ OuUÏ
rsm;.!dE‡ id_ ;f tpnf;ta0;wGif aumfr&SiOf uUÏu -
“··· a&G;aumufycJG t Hk zGŒJ rsm;u uef@uu G vf mG rsm;ppfaq;qk;H jzwfonfv h yk if ef;rsm;udv k nf;
t+yD;owfaqmif&u G vf su&f o dS nf[k od&a=umif; ···”
“··· v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcx H m;&olrsm;ESifh ±_;H edrv hf w
$ f
awmfu,kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm; pkpak ygi;f (2201) OD;wk@d . a&G;aumufyu JG ek uf sp&dwf pdppfa&;vkyif ef;
yxr tqifrh mS +yD;jywf+yD;jzpfa=umif; ···” [lI twdtvif; ajym=um;cJyh gonf?

10? ,ae@ 1996 ckEpS /f rwfvqkv d #if jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESiyfh wfoufI
a&G;aumufyu JG ef@uu
G v
f m$ wifoiG ;f jcif;ESifh a&G;aumufyu JG ek u
f sp&dwpf pfaq;jcif;qkid &f m a&G;aumuf
yGcJ t
Hk zGŒJ rsm;. aqmif&u G cf surf sm; +yD;jywfcjhJ yD;jzpfygonf//

11// ygwDpkH'Ddrdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifonf jynfolŒv$wfawmf

a&G;aumufyOJG ya'yk'rf - 41/ yk'rf cGJ (*)ESit hf nD/ a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufjcif;cH&aom jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;xHo@kd “a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufjcif;cH&aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,tf rnf
ud k a =unmjcif ; ” ta=umif ; t&mjzif h a=unmcsuf r sm;ay;yd k @ &mwG i f “a&G ; aumuf w if
ajrm‡ ufjcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif;” w&m;0iftwnfðya=unmv#uf
ta=umif;=um;cJ+h yD;jzpfygonf// xk@d twl jrefrmEkid if jH yefwrf;wGiv f nf;/ a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;
cH&aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; xnfo h iG ;f a=unm+yD;jzpfygonf// xk@d a=umihf
1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onfh
jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf w&m;0ifu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpfae=uygonf?

12// jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'/ “tcef; (2) v$waf wmfzŒJG pnf;jcif;/ ” yk'rf - 3
t& æ “v$waf wmfurdk q J ENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESit hf nD a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvu dk af om v$wf
awmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifzh @JG pnf;&rnf//” [lIjzpfygonf// ,if;od@k zŒJG pnf;rnfv
h w $ af wmfonf
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf - 2/ yk'rf cGJ (u) t& “v$waf wmfqo dk nfrmS jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfuq kd vdk o
dk nf//” [k&iS ;f vif;jywfom;pGm jyÏmef;xm;ygonf// ,ckac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&rnfh v$wf
awmfonf wkid ;f jynfðyv$waf wmfr[kwb f /J jynfoŒl v$waf wmfomjzpf&ygrnf//

13// xkad e@u w&m;0if&yfwnfaeaom Ekid if aH &;ygwt D m;vH;k taejzifh tm%mydik rf sm;.!$ef
=um;csut
f & vku d ef mrnf[k vufrw
S af &;xk;d cJ&h aom 1990 jynfEh pS /f Zlvidk v
f (27) &ufwiG f xkwf
29
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
jyefco
hJ nfh Ekid if aH wmfjidr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ . a=unmcsut f rSwf (1§90) tyk'd f -
12 wGif -
“···jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'/ yk'rf - 3 wGif “v$waf wmfudk rJqENe,frsm;rS
TOya'ESit hf nD a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufvu dk af om v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;&rnf”
[lI jyÏmef;yg&o dS nf// ,if;jyÏmef;csuEf iS t
hf nD/ v$waf wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;jcif;udk Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yf
ydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ u aqmif&u G af y;rnf// ···” [lI wkid ;f jynfo@dk twdtvif; xkwjf yef
a=unmchyJ gonf?

14// Ekid if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ owif;xkwjf yefa&;tzGŒJ . (90) }urd af jrmuf
owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGw J iG f -
“··· yxrt}udrf v$waf wmftpnf;ta0;ac:,lrnf&h uf owfrw S xf m;r_ &Srd &SEd iS yfh wf
oufI ar;jref;csuu f kd ajz=um;&mwGi/f a&G;aumufy+JG y;D v#if ta&G;cH&onfh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
rsm; ndES id_ ;f aqmif&u G &f rnfjzpfa=umif; ···” [lI twdtvif;&Si;f vif;ajz=um;cJyh gonf?

15// jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'/ enf;Oya't&vnf;aumif;/ Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yf

ydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ . a=unmcsut f rSwf (1§90) tyd'k f - 12 t&vnf;aumif;/ Ekid if H
awmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ owif;xkwjf yefa&;tzGŒJ . owif;pm&Si;f vifyrJG sm;wGif
&Si;f vif;ajz=um;cJah om uwdu0wfrsm;t&vnf;aumif;/ 'Dru kd a&pDenf;usus usi;f ycJah om
1990 jynfEh pS f ygwpD 'Hk rD u
dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy&JG v'frsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf&efEiS hf
jynfov l x l qk ENukd av;pm;vku d ef maomtm;jzifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfukd ac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&rnfjzpfyg
onf?

16? Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ owif;xkwjf yefa&;tzGŒJ . (97)}urd af jrmuf

owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGw J iG f -
“···Edik if aH wmfjidr0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J onf xkwjf yefxm;onfh Oya'/ trde@f /
a=unmcsurf sm;udk wnfatmifvyk af qmifomG ;rnf ···” jzpfa=umif; &Si;f vif;ajym=um;csut f &/
jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ac:,lzŒJG pnf;jcif;udk apmvsipf mG aqmif&u G af y;rSom w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;udk
wdwud sus taumiftxnfazmf&mod@k a&mufrnfjzpfygonf?

17// ,ae@txdqydk gv#if Ekid if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J u vGwv f yfI w&m;r#
waom ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f y+yD;cJo h nfrmS (6) ESpcf ef@ a&muf&v dS m+yD;
jzpfygonf// Tae&mY Edik if aH wmfjidr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J . (102) }udraf jrmuf owif;
pm&Si;f vif;yGyJ g ajymqkcd surf sm;udk jyefvnfowd&apvkyd gonf// ‚if;rSm -
“··· v$waf wmfac:,lrnft h csed f twdtus rajymEkid yf ga=umif;/ od@k aomf tcsed qf x JG m;
vkod nfh oabmr&Syd ga=umif; ···”
[lI &Si;f vif;ajym=um;csujf zpfygonf// ,if;wk@d ukd jynfow l &yfv;Hk ESihf a&G;aumufyt JG Edik &f
ygww D &yfjzpfaom trdsK;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyftaejzifh tav;*±kðyrSwo f m;xm;ygonf? od@k yg
30
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

aoma=umifh jynfo@l vw
$ af wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;jcif;udk tjrefq;Hk aqmif&u
G af y;&ef txl;vkt
d yfae
+yDjzpfygonf?

18? jrefrmEkid if t
H awG@tóut H &vnf;aumif;/ Ekid if w H umtawGŒtóut H &vnf;aumif;/ jynf
olŒv$waf wmfukd ac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;a&;udprP sm;rSm ,ckuo Jh @kd tcsed u
f mv=umjrifrh r_ sm;r&Syd g// Ekid if H
awmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ . jyÏmef;cJah omOya'rsm;t&/ jynfov l x l uk ‚if;wk@d .
qENukd azmfxw k v f #u/f wcJeufa&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufay;cJah om jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
rsm;jzifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfukd zGŒJ pnf;ay;&rnfomjzpfygonf? wygwpD epfusio hf ;Hk onfEh idk if rH sm;ESihf
tm%m &Sipf epf usio hf ;Hk onfh Ekid if rH sm;wGiyf if/ jynfov
l x l . k qENukd vspvf sL±_I xm;avhr&Syd g//
,ckuo hJ @kd jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;a&;udpP =umjrifah ejcif;onf jynfov l xl . k qENukd
rsuu f , G ðf y&mod@k a&mufaponfomru/ Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ taejzifh
Ekid if aH wmfEiS hf Edik if o
H m;rsm;tm; ay;xm;onfu h wdu0wf/ uwdopPmrsm;udk y,fzsu&f mod@k a&mufap
ygonf?

19? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' (Oya'trSwf 14§89) tm;avhvm&mwGif v$wf

awmfoufwrf;udk owfrw S xf m;jcif;r&So d nfuakd wGŒ&ygonf? v$waf wmfoufwrf;udk v$waf wmf
ac:,lzŒJG pnf;+yD;rSom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ud,k w f idk f owfrw S &f rnfjzpfygonf?
xk@d a=umifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfukd ac:,lzŒJG pnf;jcif;rðyoa&GŒ/ Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmuf
a&;tzGŒJ taejzifh uwday;cJo h nft h wdik ;f / “ppfreS af om 'Dru
dk a&pD” pepf jzpfay:a&;udk a&SŒ±_Eidk rf nf
r[kwyf g? Ttcsut f & usi;f y+yD;pD;cJo
h nfh a&G;aumufy&JG v'fEiS t hf nD zGŒJ pnf;onfh jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfuomv#if vkt d yfvmrnfh taxGaxGaomOya'rsm; (aemifvmrnfah &G;aumufyrJG sm;twGuf
vktd yfonfrsm;udk wm0ef,v l suf tao;pdwjf yifqifa&;qG&J efupd rP sm; tygt0if) jyÏmef;Ekid rf nf
jzpfygonf?

20// txufwiG af zmfjycJoh nfh ta=umif;rsm;a=umihf yxrt}urd f jynfoŒl v$waf wmftpnf;

ta0; ac:,lusi;f yrnf&h ufowfrw S &f ef jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm; n‡Ed id_ ;f aqmif&u
G af &;
twGuf tjrefq;Hk pDpOfay;yg&ef txl;tav;teufxm;I ta=umif;=um;tyfygonf?
22-3-96 &ufae@u usi;f yðyvkyaf om trdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf A[dOk ;D pD;tzGŒJ
tpnf;ta0;qk;H jzwfcsut f &//

OuUX
trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf

trdsK;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf ,m,Dpmul;puftrSwf = 393 jzifu
h ;l ,lonf//

31
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

wkdif;&if;om;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;.
jynfolŒv$wfawmfac:,lay;&ef awmif;qkdcsuf

od@k

Akv
d cf sKyfr;ª }uD;oef;a&$
OuUÏ
Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf ŒHG òzd;a&aumifpD
&efuek òf rdŒ?
&ufp/JG / // 1998 ckEpS /f ZGev
f (6)&uf?

ta=umif ; t&m? ? trsd K ;om;jyef v nf o if h j rwf a &;twG u f a wG Πqk H a qG ; aEG ; =uyg&ef

yef = um;jcif ; ?

u|Eyfk w
f @dk onf jynfaxmifp}k uD;.tusKd ;udOk ;D xdyx f m;vsuf trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwf
a&;twGuf pdwaf pwemaumif;jzifw h ifjyygonf// jynfaxmifp}k uD;wGif vuf&t dS ajctaet& Ekifd f
iHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &; ponfth =uyftwnf;aygi;f pkEH iS hf óuaH wGŒae&aom tcsed u f mvjzpfygonf?
xkdt=uyftwnf;taygif;rSvGwfajrmufEkdif&efESifh trdsK;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;udk&,lEkdif&ef
twGuf atmufygw@dk ukd apmvsipf mG aqmif&u G o f ifoh nf[k ±d;k om;pGmjzifw h ifjytyfygonf?

wyfrawmfonf Edik if aH wmftm%mudk xde;f odr;f +yD;aemuf Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;udk zGŒJ pnf;cGihf
ay;jcif;/ w&m;r#w+y;D vGwvf yfonfh ygwpD 'Hk rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd usi;f yay;jcif;onf
'Drudk a&pDta&;udk a&Sα_aom aumif;jrwfonfah qmif&u G cf surf sm;jzpfygonf? od@k &mwGif a&G;
aumufy&JG v'fukd qufvuftaumiftxnf razmfEidk af o;jcif;onf jrefrmhorkid ;f wGif trnf;puf
}u;D jzpfaeygonf/ xktd rnf;puf}u;D udk acszsuEf idk &f efrmS a&G;aumufy. JG &v'fukd tjrefq;Hk taumif
txnfazmfay;&efEiS hf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:ay;&efrt S y tjcm;enf;vrf;r&Sad y?

jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if w
H iG f vuf&dS Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;
ta&;wk@d udk rajz&Si;f Ekid af o;bJ t=uyftwnf;aygi;f pkEH iS hf óuHawGŒae&aom umvjzpfayonf//
xkt
d =uyftwnf;rsm;rS vGwaf jrmufEikd zf @kd twGuf ajz&Si;f Edik o f nfh enf;vrf;rsm;rSmvnf; wyfrawmf
tiftm;pk (vuf&t dS m%mydik f tzGŒJ tpnf;)/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyftygt0if 'Dru kd a&pD
tiftm;pkrsm;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;jzpfonfh a&G;aumufy0JG ifwidk ;f &if;om;ygwrD sm;/ vuf
eufuikd tf iftm;pkrsm;wk@d onf trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;twGuf Edik if aH &;t& t"dyg` ,&f adS om
awG@qaHk qG;aEG;jcif;jzifoh mv#if ajz&Si;f Ekid rf nf[k tav;teuf,=Hk unfygonf?

32
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

Tod@k wifjy&jcif;rSm ud, k u f sKd ;pD;yGm;twGurf [kwrf b l J jynfaxmifp}k uD;ESihf jynfow l &yf
vk;H . ,ae@jzpfay:aeaom tajctaet&yf&yfukd avhvmok;H oyfvsuf xdyw f u
dk &f ifqidk af e&r_rsm;
ESihf ajz&Si;f &cufvaS om Ekid if aH &;jy\emrsm;udk rdrw d @dk jynfwiG ;f &Sd wkid ;f &if;om;tcsi;f csi;f aoG;pnf;
nDnw G pf mG jzifh ajz&Si;f aqmif&uG Ef ikd &f ef wifjywku
d wf eG ;f jcif;omjzpfygonf? xko d @kd aqmif&u G &f ef
twGuv f nf; tcdset f cgusa&mufae+yD[k ,k=H unfygonf?

u|Eyfk w
f @kd tm;vk;H onf jynfaxmifp}k uD;ESiw
hf uG jynfov l x l t
k ay: xm;&Sad om apwem
rSejf zifh rmefrmeESihf tmCmww&m;uif;pifpmG ajz&Si;f ausmjf zwf=uv#if t=uyftwnf;rSeo f r#ukd
ratmifjrifEikd pf &mr&S[ d k tav;teuf,=Hk unfpmG jzifh wku d w
f eG ;f wifjytyfygonf?

xx xxx xxxxx
(a'gufwmapmjratmif) (cGefxGef;OD;)
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
ajrmufOD;òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf(1) oDaygòrdŒe,f/ rJqENNe,ftrSwf(1)
OuU@/ &ckid t
f rsKd ;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf OuU@/ &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
(zsufodrf;cH)

xx xxx xxxxx
(Ekid x
f eG ;f ode;f ) (usi&hf iS ;f xef)
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
oHjzLZ&yfòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) wD;wdeòf rŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(f 2)
OuU@/ rGetf rdsK;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ OuU@/ Zdrk ;D trdsK;om;uGe*f &uf
(zsufodrf;cH) (zsuo f rd ;f cH)

rdwLW udkd =
= OuU@/ trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &efuek òf rdŒ//

33
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJGŒcsKyf
trSwf(97§c)taemufa&G*Hkwdkifvrf;
A[ef;òrdŒe,f/ &efukefòrdŒ ?
od@k
Adv
fk cf sKyfr;ª }uD;oef;a&$
OuUÏ
Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizfh ŒHG òzd;a&;aumifpD
pmtrSw?f ? 047§pnf; (csr;f )§98 ?
&ufp?JG ? 1998 ckEpS /f ZGev
f (23)&uf?

ta=umif ; t&m? ? jynfol@v$wfawmfzGJ@pnf;jcif; ?

1? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'udk 1989 ckEpS /f arv (31) &ufae@wiG /f Edik if aH wmf+ird f
0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzJ@G (,ck Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òzd;a&;aumifp)D u xkwf
jyefcyhJ gonf? ,if;Oya'. tcef;(2)yk'rf -3 Y atmufygtwdik ;f wdus&iS ;f vif;jywfom;onfh jyÏmef;
csu&f ydS gonf?
“v$wfawmfudk rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESifhtnD a&G;aumufwiffajr‡mufvdkufaom
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zJŒG pnf;&rnf?”

2? vGwv f yfI w&m;r#waom ygwpD 'kH rD ukd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd 1990 jynfEh pS /f
arv(27)&ufae@wiG f tm%mydik rf sm;u usi;f yay;cJyh gonf? ,if;a&G;aumufyw JG iG f tEdik &f ud,
k f
pm;vS,rf sm;udk oufqikd &f m rJqENe,frsm;yg az: jyvsuf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf
onf[k w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD;vnf;jzpfygonf?

3? od@k ygojzifh &Si;f vif;jywfom;aom jyÏmef;csut f &vnf;aumif;/ rJqENe,ftoD;oD;rS

v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk rJqEN&iS rf sm;u wifajr‡mufvu kd +f yD;jzpfonfa=umifv h nf;aumif;/
tm%mydik rf sm;wGif v$waf wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf; ay;&efwm0ef&I dS ,ae@rpS I &uf (60) jynfah jrmufrnfh
1998 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (21) &ufae@ rwdik rf D v$waf wmfukd ac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;yg&ef trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzJŒJG csKyfu ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f y+yD;pD;cJo
h nfh (8) ESpaf jrmuftcrf;tem;
ygwn D vD mcH. qH;k jzwfcsuEf iS t hf nD tm%mydik rf sm;tm; awmif;qdw k ukd w
f eG ;f vdu
k yf gonf?

(yHk)
atmifa&$
OuU@
trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
34
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

a':atmifqef;pk-unf . jynfolrsm;tm;yef-um;csuf
Zlvikd v
f 28 &uf / 1998 ckEpS f

arv 27 &ufae@rmS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu a&G;aumufy&JG @J 8 ESpaf jrmuftcrf;

tem; nDvmcHukd usi;f ycJyh gw,f? 'Dnv D mcHusi;f y+yD;wJah emufrmS usrwd@k trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzG@J csKyf0ifawG/ txl;ojzifh jynfoal wGu a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufcw hJ hJ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
uk,d pf m;vS,af wGukd tm%mydik rf sm;uxde;f odr;f w,f? 'grrS [kwf ajccsKyef @J rdrw d @kd &ŒJ ae&yfrmS wjcm;
ae&mudrk oGm;Ekid af tmif xded ;f odr;f w,f/ 'Dvx dk ed ;f odr;f wJh ae&mrSm wcsKd @u, dk pf m;awGukd tifrwefrS
=urf;=urf;wrf;wrf;eJ@ racsriH qufqw H ,fqw kd mod&w,f? wcsKd Œukrd sm; ±du k wf ,fEu S w
f ,fqw kd m
awmif&adS o;w,f? 'Dvykd J ajymae=uwmyJ? 'guakd wmh usrwd@k aoaocsmcsmrajymEdik yf gb;l ? rdom;pk
awGe@J awGŒydik cf iG rhf &Sb
d ;l qdw
k thJ cgusawmh rdrw d @kd &hJ cifyeG ;f onfawG/ rdrw d @kd &hJ zcifawG b,fvakd ew,f
qdw
k mudak wmif aoaocsmcsm olw@kd o&d wmr[kwyf gb;l ? 'gayr,fh 'Dvo kd wif;awGxu G wf ,fqkd
wmuvnf; raumif;wJo h wif;awGyjJ zpfygw,f?

usrwd@k &hJ OuUÏ}u;D jzpfwhJ OD;atmifa&$[m trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKy&f ŒJ tzGŒJ 0ifawG/ trsKd ;
om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyu f jynfov l x
l u k wifajrm‡ ufxm;wJh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af wGukd zrf;jcif;/
qD;jcif;/ xde;f odr;f jcif;/ ajccsKyfcsxm;jcif;awG pwJu h pd aP wGe@J ywfoufv@kd usrwd@k tzG@J csKyf&hJ odumQ
udak rS;rdeS af pw,f/ usrwd@k tzGŒJ csKyf&ŒJ vkyif ef;awGux kd cd u kd af pw,fq+kd yD;awmh tzGŒJ csKyf&ŒJ ud, k pf m;
jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD; OD;wifvi_d u f kd ta&;,lay;yg&ef usrwd@k w&m;±H;k udak v#mufz@kd ppD OfcyhJ gw,f?
'Dvakd v#mufvm$ udk oGm;+yD;wifwt hJ cgrmS jyef+yD;awmhay;vdu k yf gw,f? av#mufvm$ udk r,lyeJ @J
jyef+y;D awmhay;vdu k w f ,fqw kd m[m w&m;Oya'udck sKd ;azmuf&ma&mufygw,f? usrwd@k tm;vH;k [m
Oya'atmufrmS ud, k u hf kd epfemw,f/ ud, k u hf kd rw&m;vkyw f ,f/ ud, k &hf ŒJ tzG@J tpnf;udk odumQ
usatmifv@kd / ud, k t hf zG@J tpnf;&JŒtvkyu f kd ysupf ;D atmifv@kd vyk w f ,fq, kd if w&m;Oya'wGi;f u
ae+yD;awmh OD;wdu k af v#muf+yD;awmh 'Dvt kd a&;,lay;oifw h vhJ al wGukd ta&;,lay;ygq+dk yD;awmh
awmif;qdyk ikd cf iG &hf ydS gw,f? 'Dvadk wmif;qdyk ikd cf iG u hf akd wmifrS uef@owfaew,fqw kd m usrwd@k &ŒJ jynf
olvx l /k usrwd@k &ŒJ wdik ;f jynfrmS b,favmuf vl@tcGit hf a&;awG/ b,favmuf Oya'atmufrmS
&oif&h xku d w f hJ tcGit hf a&;awG qH;k ±_;H aew,fqw kd m xifay:apygw,f? usrwd@k uvnf; Oya'
abmiftwGi;f uaequf+yD;awmh wwfEikd o f r#vyk o f mG ;rSmyJ? 'Dvu dk srwd@k &ŒJ ud, k pf m;vS,af wG
usrwd@k &ŒJ tzGŒJ csKyf0ifawGukd rw&m;ojzifq h ufqw H m/ rw&m;ojzifh xde;f odr;f wm/ uef@owfwm/
csKyfcs,w f m/ rw&m;ojzifh EdyS pf ufwm/ n‡O;f yef;wm/ 'grsKd ;awGuakd wmh usrwd@k u xdik jf yD;awmh
vufyu kd +f y;D =unfah erSmr[kwyf gb;l ? jynfov l x l t k aeeJ@vnf; xdik +f y;D awmh vufyu kd =f unfrh aeoifh
bl;vdk@ usrwdk@xifygw,f? jynfolvlxkuvnf; 'Dvdkrw&m;vkyfaewmawGudk rw&m;vkyf
aeygvm;qd+k y;D awmh od+y;D awmh/ jrif+y;D awmh rdrw d @kd &ŒJ em;vnfrt _ & rdrw d @kd &ŒJ rSeu
f efwb hJ ufuae+y;D
awmh &yfwnfcsiw f phJ w d x f m;t& 'gawGukd uef@uu G o f ifw h ,fv@kd usrwd@k xifygw,f?

35
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

usrwd@k tzGŒJ csKyf[m jynfov l x l k 'Drukd a&pD&&Sad &;twGuv f yk rf ,fq+kd yD;awmh ay;xm;wJh
uwdtwdik ;f 'Dvykd J quf+yD;awmhvyk o f mG ;rSmyJ? usrwd@k &ŒJ tzG@J 0ifrsm;/ uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;uae
tepfemcH+y;D awmh vkyo f mG ;rSmyJ? 'Dvkd tepfemcH+y;D awmh vkyo f mG ;wJah e&mrSmawmh jynfov l x l uk kd
tm;uk;d w,fqw kd mudk usrwd@k xyfwvJvJ ajymyg&ap? 'Dru kd a&pDqw kd m jynfov l x l k tkycf sKyaf &;yJ?
jynfov l x l t
k yk cf sKyfa&;qdak wmh jynfov l x l rk mS vnf; wm0eftrsm;}uD;&Sw d myJ? wm0efe@J tcGihf
ta&;qdkwm cGJjcm;vdk@r&ygbl;? 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;udk vdkcsifvdk@&Sd&if 'Drdkua&pDwm0efukd
od&r,fv@kd usrwd@k t+rJwrf; xyfwvJvyJ J ajymygw,f? tJawmh tcktcsed rf mS qdv k @kd &&dS if usr
wd@k &ŒJ tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ 'Dru kd a&pD&&Sad &;twGuv f y_ &f mS ;aewJh trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf&ŒJ tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;
eJ@ jynfou l wifajrmufxm;wJh ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;&Jh at;at;csr;f csr;f aeEdik rf w _ @kd ukd jynfov l xl k
uvnf; 0dik ;f 0ef;+yD;awmhumuG,af y;=uygv@kd usruae+yD;awmh arwWm&yfccH siyf gw,f?

urBmol/ urBmom;rsm;uvnf; 'Dvrkd w&m;vkyaf ewmudk xdik +f yD;awmh=unfah eoifyh gb;l ?

uef@uu G af pcsiyf gw,f? 'Dvrkd vkyo f ifb h ;l qdwk mudk tm;vH;k em;vnfatmifv@kd ajymapcsiyf gw,f?
wwfEik d w f b hJ ufuaejy;D awmh 'Dvrkd w&m;vkyaf ewJh udpaP wG csKy+f irfd ;f oGm;atmifv@kd vnf; ul+y;D awmh
aqmif&u G af y;apcsiyf gw,f? wdik ;f jynfwjynf&ŒJ jy\emawGtm;vH;k udk wu,fawmh usrwd@k [m
aqG;aEG;ndE‡ i_d ;f jcif;tm;jzifh ajyvnfatmifvyk Ef ikd yf gw,f? tJ'v D rkd vkyyf eJ @J tcsi;f csi;f Edik x f ufp;D eif;
vkyk w
f muawmh vH;k vH;k raumif;ygb;l ? zrf;vm;/ qD;vm;/ EdyS pf ufvm;/ t"rRvyk v f m;/ 'gawG[m
rvkyo f ifrh vkyx f u kd wf u hJ pd yP g? rw&m;vkyw f ,fqw kd m[m b,fov l yk v
f yk f vufcEH ikd pf &m ta=umif;
r[kwyf gb;l ? vufcEH ikd pf &mta=umif;vnf;r&Syd gb;l ? wjcm;vlrsKd ;jcm;uvm+yD;awmh rw&m;vkyf
w,fqv kd @kd &&dS ifvnf; cHrmS r[kwyf gb;l ? ud, k t hf csi;f csi;f rw&m;vkyw f mvnf; cHEikd pf &mta=umif;
bmrSr&Syd gb;l ? ud, k thf csi;f csi;f rw&m;vkyaf wmh yk+d yD;awmhawmifrS 0rf;enf;p&maumif;ygw,f?
ud,k thf csi;f csi;f yJ ajyvnfatmif bmjzpfv@kd raeEdik &f rSmvJ? bmjzpfv@kd nE‡d i_d ;f aqG;aEG;jcif;tm;jzifh
tajzr&SmEdik &f rSmvJqw dk m usrwd@k awmh b,fvrkd S pOf;pm;vk@d r&ygb;l ? wu,fyJ wdik ;f jynfay:rSm
apwem&Sw d ,f/ wu,fyJ ud, k v
hf rl sKd ;tay:rSm arwWmu±k%m&Sw d ,fqv kd @kd &&dS if b,fvykd }J uD;wJh
jy\emrsKd ;udrk qdk aqG;aEG;!dES i_d ;f jcif;tm;jzifh ajyvnfatmifvyk zf @kd [m wm0ef&ydS gw,f? tJ'v D kd
r[kwyf eJ @J wzufowf Edik x f ufp;D eif;/ ud, k rhf mS tiftm;&Sv d @kd vkycf siw f m vkyrf ,fqw kd muawmh
rjzpfoifrh jzpfxu kd w f u hJ pd yP g?

'ga=umifrh @kd v@kd usrwd@k trdsK;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf&ŒJ tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ uk,
d pf m;vS,rf sm; 'Dvkd
rw&m;vkycf aH e&wmudk usrwd@k jynfojl ynfom;rsm;eJ@ urBmol urBmom;rsm;u 0dik ;f 0ef;+yD;awmh
u±k%m arwWmtjynfeh @J umuG,af y;=uzd@k ukd usrarwWm&yfccH siyf gw,f?

a':atmifqef;pk-unf

36
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

typftcwf&yfpJxm;aomtzGJŒrsm;.
jynfolŒv$wfawmfac:,lay;&ef awmif;qkdcsuf

od@k
Adv
k cf sKyfr;ª }uD;oef;a&$
OuUÏ
Ekikd if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf ŒHG òzd;a&;aumifpD
&efuek òf rdŒ ?

&ufp/JG / // 1998 ckEpS /f =o*kwv

f (14)&uf//

ta=umif;t&m// // trsKd ;om;jyefvnfpnf;vk;H nDnw

G af &;twGuf t}uHðywifjyjcif;//

av;pm;tyfaom Adv
k cf sKyfr;ª }uD;cifAsm; -

1? at;csr;f om,m+yD; acwfrzD ŒHG òzd;wd;k wufonfh Ekid if aH wmfopfw&yf wnfaqmuf&mwGif

tkwwf csyo f w J yGirhf #yifjzpfapumrl pdw&f if;apwemrSejf zifh yg0ifaqmif&u G of mG ;&ef rdrwdf @dk wkid ;f &if;
om;tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;jzpfaom u,ef;jynfopfygw/D u&ifejD ynfvrl sKd ;aygi;f pkjH ynfoŒl v$waf jrmufa&;
wyfO;D ESihf &Sr;f jynfvrl sKd ;aygi;f pkjH ynfoŒl vGwaf jrmufa&;tzGŒJ wk@d rS odEÏdM mef csrw
S x f m;+y;D jzpfygonf?
(4-1-98) &ufae@pyJG g tdwzf iG ahf y;pmwGiv f nf; azmfjycJ+h yD;jzpfygonf?

2? ,if;oHEÏdM mefEiS t hf nD rdrw

d @dk wkid ;f &if;om;tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;taejzifh jynfaxmifp}k uD;ESihf
wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pkH jynfow l &yfv;Hk &ifqidk óf uaH wGŒae&aom vwfwavm t=uyftwnf;
tajctaersm;rS uif;+idr;f a&;tvk@d imS rdrw d @dk tjrifoabmxm;rsm;udk ±d;k om;yGiv
hf if;pGm wifjy
oGm;rnfjzpfygonf//

3? rsuaf rSmuftcsed t f cgonf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmftwGi;f rSw D if;aexkid =f uaom

wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pkH jynfow l &yfv;Hk taejzifh Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/ tp&So d nfh buf
toD;oD;wGif róuHpzl; cg;oD;pGm awGŒóuH&ifqidk af e&aom t=uyftwnf; tajctaejzpfygonf?
Ttajctaet&yf&yftm; rSeu f efpmG =unfjh rif+y;D v#ijf refpmG rajz&Si;f Ekid yf gu wkid ;f jynf. uH=urRm
um; qk;d &Gm;aomtvm;tvmod@k qku d af &mufomG ;apEdik yf gonf?

37
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

xku d =H urRmqd;k od@k rqku

d af &mufap&efEiS hf wwdik ;f jynfv;Hk jidr;f csr;f a&;od@k OD;wnfaprnfh
trsKd ;om;jyefvnfpnf;vk;H nD!w G af &;udk jyefvnfaqmif&u G Ef idk af pa&;wd@k twGuf rdrw d @dk o;Hk zG@J .
tðyoabmaqmifonfh pOf;pm;xm;csurf sm;udk yuwd jzLpifpmG t}uHðywifjytyfygonf//
4// Ekid if aH wmftpk;d &taejzifh uruxðyI 1990 ckEpS /f arvwGif vGwv f yf+yD;/ w&m;r#w
aom ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG uD;tm; usi;f yay;cJjh cif;onf urBmt h v,fwiG f
*k%o f u
d mQ &So d nfh orkid ;f rSww f rf;w&yftjzpf rdrw d @dk taejzifh tav;teuf rSww f rf;wiftyfyg
onf?
od@k aomf a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd qufvuftaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&u G af y;&ef vkt d yf
aeao;+y;D vuf&dS tcsed t f cgonf toifah vsmq f ;Hk tcsed tf cgo@dk a&muf&adS e+yjD zpfa=umif; ±d;k om;pGm
,k=H unfryd gonf?

5// EdkifiHawmftpkd;&rS Oya'ESifhtnDzGJŒpnf;xm;aom ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;

aumufyaJG umfr&Si. f Oya'yk'rf (tcef;-2 / yk'rf -3) t& TvGwaf wmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS Oya'ESihf
tnD a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufxm;aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifzh ŒJG pnf;&rnf[k wduspmG
jyÏmef;xm;ygonf//

xk@d a=umifh ‚if;Oya'jyÏmef;csuEf iS t

hf nD v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f rsm;pk a&G;cs,wf if
ajr‡mufxm;jcif;cHc&hJ aom trsKd ;om;'Drudk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyftaejzifh vuf&t dS ajctaetcsed t f cgwiG f
wifjyawmif;qkx d m;aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,lay;a&;awmif;qkcd suo f nf Oya' a=umif;t&
w&m;r#wonf[k ±d;k om;pGm,k=H unfryd gonf?

6? ‚if;tjyif xkjd ynfo@l vw$ af wmfryS if wkid ;f jynf.zGŒJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt

Hk ajccHOya'udk a&;qGJ
oGm;&efwm0ef&o dS nf[v k nf; jyÏmef;xm;+y;D jzpfonf// xk@d a=umifyh ifv#if aumfr&Si. f jyÏmef;csuEf iS hf
tnD Oya'a=umif;t&aomfvnf;aumif;/ vuf&EdS idk if aH &;tajctaersm;t&aomfvnf;aumif;/
jynfow l &yfv;Hk . qENoabmxm;rsm;t&aomfvnf;aumif; buftoD;oD;rS ±_jrifo;Hk oyfrr_ sm;
t& Ekid if aH wmftpd;k &rS uruxðyumaqmif&u G af eonfh tajccHOya'a&;qGaJ &;udk taumift
xnfazmfaeaom trsKd ;om;nDvmcHonf vuf&t dS ajctaewGif usKd ;a=umif;qDavsmjf cif;r&Sad wmh
[k yGiv
hf if;pGmok;H oyfryd gonf?

7? Adv
k cf sKyfr;ª }uD;cifAsm;? vuf&t dS ajctaeonf rdrw d @dk jrefrmEkid if uH kd at;csr;f om,m+yD;
acwfrzD ŒHG òzd;wk;d wufonfh pnf;vk;H nD!w G +f yD; wjynfv;Hk qkid &f m+idr;f csr;f onf/h wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsd K;
aygi;f pkjH ynfow l &yfv;Hk wef;wl&nfwpl ak ygi;f yg0ifonfh jynfaxmifpEk ikd if aH wmfopf}uD;w&yf wnf
aqmuf&eftwGuf tcGit hf cgaumif;ok@d a&muf&adS e+yjD zpfygonf// TtcGit hf cgaumif;udq k yk u
f ikd +f y;D
Ekid if aH wmftpk;d &taejzifh tvSnt hf ajymif;wckukd jynfow l &yfv;Hk ESihf yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf o
S mv#if

38
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

vuf&&dS ifqidk af e&aom bufaygi;f pkt

H axGaxGt=uyftwnf;}u;D rS wkid ;f jynftm; qGx
J w
k u
f ,fwif
Ekid rf nf[,
k ql ygonf?

8// xk@d a=umifh jy\emaygi;f pk/H yÉdyuQaygi;f pkt H m;ajz&Si;f Ekid rf nhf t"duusonfh Ekid if aH &;
aomhcsujf zpfaom wyfrawmftif;tm;pk (vuf&t dS m%mydik t f zGŒJ tpnf;)/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzGŒJ csKyf tygt0if 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESihf wkid ;f &if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;yg0ifaom awGŒqkaH qG;
aEG;jcif;onfomv#if vuf&t dS ajctaeESihf avsmu f efoifjh rwfaumif;rGev f aS =umif; tEl;t!Gwf
t}uHðywifjytyfygonf?

Adv
k cf sKyfr;ª }uD;ESiw
hf uG Ekid if aH wmft}uD;tuJrsm; ud,
k pf w
d Ef pS yf g; use;f rm&$iv
f ef;=uygap
a=umif; qkawmif;arwWmyd@k otyfygonf?

av;pm;pGmjzifh =

xxxx xxxx xxxx

OD;wmuv,f ide;f u,ef;xef OD;pENm
OuU@ OuU@ OuU@
&Sr;f jynfvrl sKd ;aygif;pkH u,ef;jynfopfygwD u&ifejD ynfvrl sd K;aygif;pHk
jynfolŒvGwfajrmufa&;tzGJŒ jynfolŒvGwfajrmufa&;wyfOD;

vufiif;EdkifiHa&;tajctaetay:
rGefjynfopfygwD. tjrif

1? avmavmq,fwiG f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (NLD) onf Edik if aH &;t& tjyif;t
xef v_y&f mS ;aeygonf? 'Dru kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;udk wEdik if v
H ;kH u }uD;pGmvdv k m;awmifw h vdck si=f u
onf? vlrsKd ;a&;qdik &f m&ydik cf iG Ehf iS yhf wfoufIvnf; wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;wdik ;f u }u;D pGmvdv k m;awmihf
wcHpm;vd=k uonf? Tta&;udpP vdv k m;csurf sm;um; ,ae@u|Eykf w f @kd wikd ;f jynf. t"du Edik if aH &;
jy\em}u;D rsm;jzpfygonf? Tta&;udprP sm; ajyvnfatmifrajz&Si;f Edik /f ae&mrcsEikd o f r# umv
ywfv;kH wdik ;f jynftwGi;f qlyrl /_ r+ird rf oufjzpfrr_ sm; tcsed t f cgra&G; ay:ayguw f wfonfrmS "rRwm
obm0yifjzpfygonf? xd@k a=umifh ,ae@ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. Edik if aH &;v_y&f mS ;r_ jyif;xef

39
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

vmr_onf Edik if aH &;jy\ema=umifo

h mjzpfonf? ,ae@ Edik if aH &;jy\em. tusKd ;qufw&yfom
jzpfonf?

2? trsKd ;om;'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf 1990 ckEpS f a&G;aumufyw JG iG f trwfO;D a&trsm;qH;k &
onfh atmifycJG EH ikd if aH &;ygww D ygwjD zpfonf? tjcm;Edik if aH &;ygwt D csKd Œvnf; trwfO;D a&toifh
twif&h &S+d y;D atmify&JG &Scd o hJ nf? a&G;aumufyrJG mS vnf; tpd;k &u w&m;0ifusi;f yay;onfh taxGaxG
a&G;aumufy}JG uD;jzpf+yD; Edik if w H umrSvnf; w&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyt JG jzpf todtrSwðf y
xm;ygonf?
vufeufuikd w f ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tzGŒJ tpnf;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;vnf; wdik ;f jynf+idr;f csr;f
a&;/ wd;k wufzŒHG òzd;a&;/ om,ma&;twGuf &nf&, G +f yD; typftcwf&yfpaJ &;udk vufct H aumif
txnfazmfc=hJ uygonf? od@k aomf Edik if aH &;jy\emESiyhf wfoufI ,ae@xd xdu k x f ukd wf efwef/ odumQ
&S&d /dS enf;pepfusus ajz&Si;f ay;r_rsm; r&Sad o;acs? Tjy\emrsm;vnf; ajz&Si;f xdu k af om udp&P yf}u;D
rsm;jzpfygonf? txufaz: jyyg Edik if aH &;jy\em}u;D ajz&Si;f jcif; r+y;D jywfor# umvywfv;kH yÉdyuQ
trsKd ;rsKd ;/ jy\em}uD;trsKd ;rsKd ;vnf; tcsed t f cgra&G; jzpfymG ;ay:ayguv f mEdik yf gonf?

3? Edik if aH &;jy\emudk Edik if aH &;enf;t&ajz&Si;f jcif;onf taumif;qH;k aomenf;vrf;jzpfyg

onf? xd@k a=umifh ,ae@ wpfq@kd aeaom'Dru kd a&pDa&;/ wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ta&;/ jy\emrsm;udk
+ird ;f csr;f pGm aqG;aEG; n‡Ed i_d ;f tajz&Smjcif;onf taumif;qH;k jzpfygonf? od@k jzpfygI awGŒqHak qG;aEG;I
Edik if aH &;jy\emudak jz&Si;f a&;onf tajctaeuvnf;awmif;qd/k jiif;y,fIvnf;r&onft h jyif/
wckwnf;aomenf;vrf;jzpfaeonfrmS trSeyf ifjzpfygonf? tpd;k &taeESiv hf nf; u|Eyfk w
f @kd wikd ;f jynf
wGif pnf;urf;&Sad om'Dru kd a&pDjzpfxeG ;f a&;twGuf qEN&o dS nfEiS t
hf nD Tod@k aom Edik if aH &;aqG;
aEG;yGjJ zpfajrmufa&;twGuf pDpOfaqmif&u G af y;yg&ef apwemoef@pifpmG jzifh rGejf ynfopfygwrD S t
av;teuf wdu k w
f eG ;f tyfygonf?
A[dt k vkyt
f r+aqmiftzGŒJ
rGefjynfopfygwD
ae@pGJ? ? =o*kwfv (18) &uf/ 1998
40
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf
trSwf (97§c) taemufa&$*kHwkdifvrf;
A[ef;òrdŒe,f/ &efukefòrdŒ

jynfolŒv$wfawmfac:,lzGJŒpnf;a&;ESifhywfoufI
jynfolvlxkodk‹ yef-um;csuf

1? jynfaxmifpzk mG ; Ekid if o
H El ikd if o
H m;taygi;f wk@d use;f rmI csr;f omygapa=umif; yxrOD;pGm
qkawmif;arwWmyd@k tyfygonf? usuo f a&r*Fvmtaygi;f ESijhf ynfp=Hk uygap[k E_wcf eG ;f qufovku
d f
ygonf?

2? EkdifiHawmftm%mt&yf&yfukdodfrf;,lcJhaom tm%mydkifwkd@u/ a=unmcsuftrSwf-

1§88 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh wm0ef}uD;av;&yfteuf “ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG
usi;f yay;a&;” udk aemufq;Hk wm0eftjzpf jynfov l x
l o
k @kd uwdu0wfðycJ=h uygonf?

3? tm%mydik w f @dk onf zGŒJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt

Hk ajccHOya'w&yfr&Syd gbv J suf jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
a&G;aumufyOJG ya'ESihf jynfoŒl v$waf wmf a&G;aumufyeJG nf;Oya'rsm;udx k wk jf yefI jyÏmef;cJyh gonf?
TjynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'rsm;onf w&m;0ifwnf+rv J su&f adS eygonf/ TOya'tm;
rnfonfh trde@f / a=unmcsu/f !¸e=f um;csuw f @dk ur# v$r;f rd;k jcif;r&Syd g//

4? TjynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'wGif atmufygw@dk ukd &Si;f vif;jywfom;pGm jyÏmef;

xm;ygonf?
yk'rf -2 (u) wGif “v$waf wmfqo dk nfrmS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfuq kd o
dk nf//”
yk'rf -2 (C) wGif “a&G;aumufyq JG o dk nfrmS ygwpD 'Hk rD ukd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG
udq k o
dk nf//”
TjyÏmef;csut f & jynfov l x l .k ppfreS af omjynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk
jynfov l xl u k rdrw d @dk 'rD u kd a&pDyd ikd cf iG thf & a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;=u&efjzpfonf[k t"dyg` ,f
xif&mS ;aeygonf?
yk'rf - 2 (p) wGif “ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,q f o kd nfrmS vGwaf wmfo@kd a&G;aumufwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cH&oluq kd o dk nf//”
yk'rf - 3 wGif “v$waf wmfurkd q J ENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESit hf nD a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf
vku fd af om v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;&rnf//”
TjyÏmef;csut f & a&G;aumufy+JG yD;pD;onft h cg jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh
v$waf wmfukd rvGrJ aoGrysurf uGuf ac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;rnf[al omt"dyg` ,rf mS wdusjywfom;pGm
ay:vGiaf eygonf?
41
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

5? txufygjyÏmef;csufrsm;rSm Oya'uay;xm;onfrsm;jzpf+yD; ,if;wkd@rSm Oya'ukd

xkwjf yefay;onfh tm%mydik w f @dk u jynfov
l x
l o
k @kd uwdu0wfay;vku d jf cif;jzpfygonf? Oya'yg
jyÏmef;csurf sm;ESihf ay;xm;onfu h wdu0wfrsm;tm; tm%mydik wf @dk wiG f rysurf uGuv f u
dk ef m
aqmif&Gufay;&rnfhwm0ef&Sdygonf// ,if;wkd@udk EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJŒtpnf;rsm;uvnf;aumif;/
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;uvnf;aumif;/ rJqEN&iS rf sm;ESihf jynfojl ynfom;
taygi;f wk@d uvnf;aumif; ,k=H unfvufccH =hJ uygonf?

6? od@k a=umifo h m trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyfEiS hf tjcm;Edik if aH &;ygwaD ygi;f (92) ygwrD jS ynf
ol@vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif; (2209) OD;ESifh woD;yk*v ~ ud,fk pf m;vS,af vmif; (87) OD;wk@d onf
1990 jynfEh pS /f arvwGiu f si;f yay;cJah om ygwpD 'Hk rD udk a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f 0ifa&muf
,SOòf yid t
f a&G;cHc=hJ uygonf/ jynfov l x l u k vnf; “tcsKyt f jcmtm%monf jynfov l x
l x k rH S qif;
oufonf” [laom 'Dru dk a&pDrt l & jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;udk a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ uf
I ‚if;wk@d u, kd pf m; wkid ;f jynfwm0efrsm;udak qmif&u G =f u&ef vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;tyfEiS ;f cJ=h uygonf?

7? ygwpD 'Hk rD u
kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f y+y;D pD;cJo h nfrmS (8) ESpaf usm+f yD jzpfygonf?
od@k aomf tm%mydik w f @dk onf Oya'ygjyÏmef;csurf sm;ESihf ‚if;wd@k . ay;xm;aomuwdu0wfrsm;udk
vk;H 0O\kH vkud ef maqmif&u G af y;jcif;r&Sb
d J ysuuf u G af eygonf/ xko
d @kd ysuu
f u
G jf cif;onf aemifvm
aemufom;rsm;twGuf wdik ;f jynfwiG f raumif;qk;H aomtarGq;dk use&f pfcrhJ nfjzpfovkd jrefrmhEidk if H
a&;orkid ;f wGivf nf; rnfo@kd rS azsmufzsuI f r&Edik o f nfh trnf;uGu}f u;D xifuse&f pfygrnf// jynfol
vlx. k qENuv kd pfvsL±_+yD; jynfov l xl u k kd rxDrjhJ rifðy&mvnf;a&mufygonf// vk;H 0 rjzpfoifrh jzpf
xku d of nfuh pd jP zpfygonf? Edik if aH wmf at;csr;f wnf+idr}f uD;yGm;wk;d wuf&eftwGuf jynfov l x
l .
k
qENukd wefb;kd xm;av;pm;&ygrnf?

8? xk@d tjyif urBmu

h v k or*~tzJŒG 0ifEidk if t
H m;vk;H u 1990 jynfEh pS w f iG u
f si;f yay;cJoh nfh
a&G;aumufy&JG v'ft& 'Dru kd a&pDay:ayguaf &;twGuf tqifq h ifv h yk &f yfrsm;udk taumiftxnf
azmfjcif;r&Sad o;a=umif;[k ukvor*~ taxGaxGnv D mcHrsm;wGif wnDw!Gww f nf; t}urd }f urd f
qk;H jzwfc=hJ uygonf? jrefrmEdik if o
H nf urBmu h v k or*~tzG@J 0if Ekid if w
H Ekid if jH zpfaoma=umifv h nf;
aumif;/ ukvor*~. yËdnmOfpmwrf;rsm;t&vnf;aumif; tm%mydik w f @dk wiG f vku d ef maqmif
&Gu&f efwm0ef&=dS uygonf?

9? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;jcif;tm;jzifh rnfow l OD;wa,muf/ woif;wzG@J wiG rf S

xdcu
dk ef pfemjcif;r&Syd g? wkid ;f jynftwGuf tusKd ;&Srd nfomjzpfygonf? jynfo@l vw$ af wmfac:,lzŒJG
pnf;ay;aomtzGŒJ tpnf;twGuf *k%o f u
d mQ &So
d vdk Edik if t
H wGuvf nf;usuo
f a&&S+d yD; urBmt
h
v,fwiG w f ifw
h ,faeygrnf?

10? xk@d a=umifh ygwpD 'Hk rD u

kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyw
JG iG f yg0if,OS òf ydicf =hJ u+yD; rJqEN&iS f
jynfov
l x
l .
k wcJeufaomaxmufcrH j_ zifh wkid ;f jynftwGuf vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;ud&k &Sx
d m;onfh trsKd ;
42
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftaejzifh trsdK;om;a&;wm0ef&Sdonfhtm;avsmfpGm tzGJŒcsKyf.nDvmcH

qk;H jzwfcsutf & A[dt k vkyk t
f r_aqmiftzG@J u tm%mydik w f @dk xo H @kd ‚if;wk@d .wm0efjzpfaom/ uwd
jzpfaom/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,l zGŒJ pnf;ay;&ef/ w&m;0ifta=umif;=um;pm ay;yd@k c+hJ y;D jzpfygonf?
tzG@J csKyfonf trsKd ;om;&if=um;apha&;rlt& a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y+yD;pD;cJo h nfrmS (8) ESpaf usmof nf
txd t}urd }f urd f w&m;0ifta=umif;=um;jcif;rSm trsKd ;om;a&;vkt d yfcsut f & wkid ;f jynftusKd ;udk
a&SŒ±_I at;csr;f wnf+ird af pvkad om pdwaf umif;apwemrSejf zifh ay;yd@k cjhJ cif;jzpfygonf? jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef tzG@J csKyfuawmif;qkad ejcif;rSm jynfov l x l k ae@pOfEiS thf r#cpH m;ae=u&
aom taxGaxGt=uyftwnf;rsm;udk vufeufenf;jzifrh [kwb f J Ekid if aH &;enf;vrf;tm;jzifh at;
aq;wnfjidrpf mG ajz&Si;f vkad ompdwq f ENa=umifjh zpfygonf?

11? ygwpD 'Hk rD u

kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f yg0if,OS òf ydicf =hJ uaom Edik if aH &;ygwt D zGŒJ
tpnf;rsm;/ a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH=u&aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;/ rJqEN&iS f
rsm;ESihf jynfaxmifpo k m;tm;vk;H wk@d onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'ESit hf nD jynfol
v$waf wmf tjrefq;Hk ac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef qENjyif;jypGm vkv d m;awmifw h ae=u+yDjzpfygonf? jynf
olŒv$waf wmfay:ayguv f mjcif;jzifh jynfov
l x
l .
k ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;u wdik ;f jynftwGuf pDrcH ef@cJG
aqmif&u G jf cif;onf 'Dru kd a&pDru
l kd pwiftaumiftxnfaz:vku d jf cif;jzpfygonf?

12? jynfoŒl v$waf wmf. t"duwm0efrmS wkid ;f jynfEiS jhf ynfov l x

l t
k wGut
f usKd ;&Sad prnfh
Oya'rsm;udk jyÏmef;&ygrnf? ,if;Oya'rsm;t&om wkdif;jynf.Oya'ðya&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;/
w&m;pD&ifa&;wk@d udk jynfow
l @dk u,
kd pf m; pDrcH ef@caJG qmif&u
G Ef idk yf grnf//

13? ygwpD 'Hk rD u

kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyq JG odk nfrmS trsm;jynfov l x
l .
k oabmqENukd
xkwaf z:ay;vku d jf cif;jzpfygonf// od‹k xw
k af z:ay;onfrsm;t& oufqidk &f mtm%mydik w f @dk u ‚if;wd@k
xkwjf yefcohJ nfh Oya'ygjyÏmef;csurf sm;t& taumiftxnfaz:ay;&ef vk;H 0wm0ef&ydS gonf? wkid ;f
jynfwiG f jynfov l x l q
k ENuv
kd spv
f sL±_Iaqmif&u G yf gv#if rnfo@kd r#atmifjrifrnfr[kwo f nfrmS
aocsmygonf?

14? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfay:ayguv f mEdik af &;twGuf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tygt0if a&G;aumufyw JG iG f a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH=u&aom
tjcm;jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm;vk;H wGiv f nf; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;
tjzpf jynfow l @dk utyfEiS ;f xm;aom w&m;0ifwm0ef&adS e=uygonf? rJqEN&iS f jynfov l x l u k
w&m;0ifay;tyfvu dk af om tcGit hf m%mudk vufcu H siohf ;Hk &ef wm0efu, kd pf &D =dS uygonf? xked nf;wl
rJqEN&iS f jynfov l x l u k vnf; rdrw d @dk vGwv f yfaomqENt& a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvu dk af om
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'ESit hf nD ,ae@widk f
w&m;0ifvsuw f nf&adS ea=umif; rdrw d @dk vtkd ifqENrsm;udk rdrw d @dk u,
kd pf m; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;
vS,rf sm;uom aqmif&u G Ef idk rf nfjzpfa=umif;ESihf ,if;ok@d aqmif&u G Ef ikd &f ef jynfov l x l u
k vnf;
tzufzufrS qufvufI 0dik ;f 0ef;tm;ay;axmufc=H u&efvt dk yfa=umif;wk@d ukd txl; owdðy=uap
43
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

vkyd gonf/ jynfo@l vw

$ af wmf ay:ayguaf &;onf Ekid if o
H El ikd if o
H m;tm;vk;H ESihf oufqidk af omudpjP zpfyg
onf?

15? ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDudkusifhokH;onfh ,Ofaus;aomvltzGJŒtpnf;wkdif;ESifh EdkifiHwkdif;wGif

jynfo@l vw$ af wmfukd tjrifq h ;Hk aomr¾dKif}u;D w&yftjzpf jynfovl x
l w
k &yfv;Hk u tav;tjrwf
ðy=ujcif;tm;jzifh EkdifiH.*k%fusufoa&udk jr‡ifhwifay;=up+rJjzpfygonf? jrefrmEdkifiHwGifvnf;
'Dru
kd a&pDrul ukd siohf ;Hk aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmf}uD; rm;rm;rwfrwftjrefq;Hk wnf&adS erSmomv#if
usuo f a& r*Fvmtaygi;f ESihf jynfph +Hk y;D urBmt
h v,fwiG f cef@nm;xnf0gpmG wifwh ,fxeG ;f yaernf
[k trdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu tav;teufc, H yl gonf//

16? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:ayguaf &;onf 'Dru kd a&pDay:ayguv f mjcif;rnfayonf// od@k ygojzifh
'Dru
kd a&pDukd tmomirf;irf; vkv d m;ar#mv f ifah wmifwh ae=uonfh vlrsKd ;toD;oD;/ vlwef;pm;
toD;oD;/ tvkyt f udik t f rsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh toufarG;0rf;a=umif;ðyaeoltoD;oD;/ vlrsKd ;bmomra&G;/
usm;§r ra&G;wk@d onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:ayguv f ma&;twGuf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfEiS hf
tjcm;Ekid if aH &;ygwt D zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;rS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;/ woD;yk*v~ jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f @dk tm; ZG&J &dS /dS owW&d &dS /dS arwWmapwemtjynft h 0jzifh tifwu
dk t f m;wku
d f 0dik ;f 0ef;
ulnyD yhH ;kd =uyg&ef av;eufpmG yef=um;vku d yf gonf?

OD;atmifa&$ OD;wifO;D OD;F =unfarmif

a':atmifqef;pk=unf OD;vGif OD;oef;xGe;f

OD;vSaz OD;pk;d jrifh OD;!¸e@f a0

OD;vGe;f wif

rSwcf su/f / // (1) a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf OD;vSazwk@d onf ykord ðf rd@o@kd at;csr;f pGm c&D;oGm;
&mwGif vrf;ckvwfY wm;qD;jcif;cHae&ygonf?
(2) OD;=unfarmifonf cGi, hf x
l m;ygonf?
(3) OD;vGe;f wifonf Edik if jH cm;c&D;xGuaf eygonf?

&efuek òf rdŒ
1360 jynfEh pS /f 0gacgiv
f jynfah usmf (11) &uf?
1998 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (18) &uf?

44
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf
trSwf (97§c) taemufa&$*kHwkdifvrf;
A[ef;ðrdŒe,f/ &efukefòrdŒ ?

a-unmcsuftrSwf = 35 (8§98)

1? Ekid if aH wmftm%mudk 1998 ckEpS w f iG f odr;f ,lcahJ om tm%mydik w f @dk onf zGŒJ pnf;ykt
H ajccH
Oya'w&yfr&dyS gyv J suf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'ESihf enf;Oya'wk@d ukd jyÏmef;cJyh gonf?
xk@d aemuf tm%mydik w f @dk onf ,if;Oya'rsm;ESit hf nD ygwpD 'Hk rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd
zGŒJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'r&Syd gyv J suf usi;f yay;cJjh cif;jzpfygonf?

2? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'yk'rf - 2 wGif -

“v$waf wmfqo dk nfrmS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfuq kd o
dk nf” [k jyÏmef;xm;ygonf? ,if;jyÏmef;
csut
f & ac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&rnfv h w
$ af wmfonf wkid ;f ðyjynfðyv$waf wmfr[kwyf /J jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
omjzpf&ygrnf?

3? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'yk'rf - 3 wGif -

“v$wfawmfudk rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESifhtnDa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvkdufaom
v$waf wmfu,kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zG@J pnf;&rnf” [lI twdtus&iS ;f vif;jywfom;pGm jyÏmef;xm;
ygonf? ,if;jyÏmef;csuEf iS t
fh nD v$waf wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;jcif;udk tm%mydik w
f @dk u aqmif&u
G af y;
rnf[k twdtvif;a=unmcJyh gonf?

4// xk@d tjyif owif;axmufrsm;u yxrt}urd f jynfoŒl v$waf wmftpnf;ta0;ac:,lrnfh

&ufowfrw S x f m;r_ &S§d r&SEd iS yhf wfoufI ar;jref;csuu f kd tm%mydik w f @dk uajz=um;&mwGif a&G;
aumufy+JG yD;v#if ta&G;cH&onfv h w
$ af wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm; ndE‡ id_ ;f aqmif&u G &f rnfjzpfa=umif;
udv k nf; wkid ;f jynfo@kd ajym=um;cJyh gonf? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;a&;twGuf zGŒJ pnf;ykt H ajc
cHOya'w&yf&&dS rnf[k ajymqkcd jhJ cif;r&Syd g?

5? wzef “v$waf wmfac:,lrnfh tcsed t

f wdtus rajymEkid yf ga=umif;/ od@k aomf tcdseq
f x
JG m;
vkod nfo
h abmxm;r&Syd ga=umif;” udv
k nf; &Si;f vif;pGmxyfraH jym=um;cJyh gonf?

6? xk@d a=umifh trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf 25-3-96 &ufae@wiG f tm%mydik w f @dk xo
H @kd
“yxrt}urd f jynfoŒl v$waf wmftpnf;ta0; ac:,lusi;f yrnf&h ufowfrw S &f ef/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;ndE‡ id_ ;f aqmif&u
G af &;twGuf pDpOfay;&efupd ”P udk wm0efopd mG jzifh ta=umif;=um;

45
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

cJo
h nf? od@k aomf tm%mydik w f @dk u wpkw
H &mta=umif;jyef=um;cJjh cif;r&Syd g?
7? trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyfonf 23-6-98 &ufae@wGif Oya't&vnf;aumif;/
tm%mydik w f @dk . uwdu0wft&vnf;aumif;/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef Oya't&
wm0ef&adS om tm%mydik rf sm;xHo@kd “1998 ckEpS f =o*kwv
f 21 &ufrwkid rf D v$waf wmfac:,l zGŒJ pnf;
ay;&ef” wku d wf eG ;f awmif;qkcd yhJ gonf?

8? tm%mydik w f @dk uxkwjf yefcahJ om jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'ESifh enf;Oya'

rsm;wGif jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;a&;twGuf zGŒJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'w&yfukd óuw
d iftwnfðy
xm;&rnf[k jyÏmef;xm;jcif;vk;H 0r&Syd g?

9? jynfoŒl v$waf wmf.t"duwm0efrmS wkid ;f jynf.Oya'ðya&;/ tkycf sKyfa&;/ w&m;pD&ifa&;

wk@d ukd jynfow
l @dk u, kd pf m; pDrcH ef@caJG qmif&u G Ef idk o
f nfh Ekid if aH wmf. tjrifq h ;Hk aomtzGŒJ tpnf;jzpfyg
onf? xk@d jyif Ekid if aH wmf. ,ae@tajctaewGif jynforl sm;ua&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvu dk af om
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf tem*wf 'Dru kd a&pDEidk if aH wmf zGŒJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'udk
a&;qG=J u&ef Oya't& wm0ef&o dS !fyh *k Kd~ vfrsm;jzpfonf?

10? jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,lzGJŒpnf;ay;&efysufuGufjcif;onf jynfolvlxk.qENudk rsuf

uG,ðf y&mod@k a&mufonfomru/ tm%mydik w f @dk taejzifh Ekid if aH wmfEiS hf Ekid if o
H m;rsm;tm; ay;xm;
aomuwdu0wfrsm;udk y,fzsuv f udk jf cif;jzpfonf?

11? od@k ygI trsKd ;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyrf S jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;/ wkid ;f &if;om;
vlrsd K;rsm;. jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;/ tjcm;Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;rS jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf woD;yk*v ~ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm;vk;H wGif jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfzŒJG pnf;a&;ESihf pyfvsO;f I rJqEN&iS rf sm;ESifh jynfovl x l .
k qENt& wm0efusa&mufvm+yDjzpfyg
onf?

12? xk@d a=umifh trdsK;om;'Dru

dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
kd f
pm;vS,rf sm;yg0ifaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfukd r=umrD&uftwGi;f ac:,lzŒJG pnf;rnfjzpfa=umif;
a=unmvku d yf gonf?

A[kt d vkyt
f r+aqmiftzGŒJ
trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f 0gacgifvuG,af e‹?
1998 ckEpS /f -o*kwv f (21) &uf?

46
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

a':atmifqef;pk-unf.
jrefrmhwyfrawmfom;rsm;odk‹ yef-um;csuf

-o*kwv
f 28 &uf/ 1998 ckEpS f

trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyu f tm%mydik af wGukd (21) &ufae@ =o*kwv f rwkid rf D v$waf wmf
ac:ay;zk@d awmif;qkcd yhJ gw,f? 'Dawmif;qkcd suaf wGukd tm%mydik af wGuae+yD;awmh vpfvsL±_cyhJ g
w,f? 'ga=umifrh @dk v@dk trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfu wm0eft&v$waf wmfac:,lay;zd@k ukd p+y;D awmh
pDpOfaewmjzpfygw,f? 'D v$waf wmfac:,la&;udpq P w dk m jynfov l x l t k m;vk;H eJ@qidk w f u hJ pd yP g?
jynfov l x l xk rJ mS wyfrawmfom;rsm;vnf; yg0ifygw,f? jynfov l x l ek @J wyfrawmfqw dk m
cGjJ cm;vk@d &wJu h pd rP [kwyf gb;l ? usrwd@k trdsK;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfukd wyfrawmfòyduaJG tmifvyk f
w,f/ wyfrawmfe@J jynfo=l um;rSm pdw0f rf;uGaJ tmifvyk w f ,fv@dk pGypf cJG suaf wG&cdS yhJ gw,f? 'D[m
awG[mvk;H 0r[kwyf gb;l ? usrwk@d [m wyfrawmfe@J jynfol vk;H vk;H ruGaJ pcsiyf gb;l ? 'ga=umifrh @kd v@dk
jynfov l x l x k rJ mS wyfrawmfom;awGvnf;yg0ifaew,fv@dk usrwk@d ajymwmyg? 'ga=umifh jynfol
vlxu k a&G;cs,w f ifajrm‡ ufxm;wJh v$waf wmfay:ayguaf &;[m wjcm;jynfojl ynfom;rsm;eJ@twl
wyfrawmfom;rsm;&JΠwm0efvnf;yJjzpfw,fv@dk qw dk m usrwk@d ajymcsiyf gw,f?
usrwk@d trdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf[m wyfrawmfuykd yhH ;kd xm;ygw,f? usrud, k w f idk f
uvnf; azazxlaxmifcw hJ w hJ yfrawmfukd trsm;}uD;wefz;dk vnf;xm;ygw,f/ arwWmvnf;xm;
ygw,f? 'Dupd u P kd r[kwrf rSew f phJ um;awGe@J usrwd@k tzGŒJ csKyfe@J wyfrawmf=um;rSm pdw0f rf;uGaJ tmif
vkyaf ewJt h pdwt f ydik ;f awG&w dS ,fqw dk mvnf; usrwk@d oyd gw,f? 'ga=umifh usrwk@d &ŒJ wyfrawmfay:
rSmxm;wJph w d x f m;udk usrwk@d &iS ;f jycsiyf gw,f? wyfrawmfqw kd m[m jynfov l x l u k ,k=H unfu;kd pm;
cspcf ifww hJ yfrawmfjzpfz@dk vydk gw,f? tckacwfrmS qk&d if acwfrjD ynfph w Hk w hJ yfrawmfwckjzpfvmzk@d
acwfr*D % k o f u d mQ &Sw d w hJ yfrawmfwckjzpfvmzd@k qw dk m[m jynfov l x l ek @J wyfrawmf[m vufw+GJ y;D
awmh tm;vk;H 0dik ;f vkyrf S jzpfr,fu h pd yP g? acwfrw D w hJ yfrawmfqw kd m[m t&nftcsi;f eJ@ jynfph w Hk whJ yf
rawmfqw dk m[m rdrw d @kd &ŒJ t"duwm0efjzpfwhJ Edik if eH @J Edik if o H El ikd if o
H m;wk@d ukd umuG,&f r,fu h pd q P dk
wm oD;oD;oef@oef@vyk zf @dk vykd gw,f? tJ'v D dk oD;oD;oef@oef@vyk rf o S mv#if *k%o f ud mQ &S+d yD;awmh/
acwfr+D yD;awmh/ tqift h wef;jrif+h yD;awmh jynfov l x l u k cspcf ifav;pm;wJw h yfrawmfwckjzpfvm
rSmyg?
usrwk@d trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyftaeeJ@ wyfrawmfukd Ekid if aH &;xJrmS 0if+yD;awmhpu G f
zufwmudk oabmrwlygb;l / tJ'v D o dk abmrwlwm[m wyfrawmfuw kd efz;dk rxm;vk@d r[kwyf gb;l ?
wu,fawmh wyfrawmfuw kd efz;dk xm;vk@d ukd wyfrawmfwefz;dk usapr,fu h pd rP sm;rSm0if+yD;awmh
rpGuzf ufapcsiw f myg// jrefrmEkid if t H wGuf wyfrawmfukd azazxlaxmifcphJ Ofu Ekid if aH &;xJrmS 0if+y;D
awmh pGuzf ufz@dk xal xmifcw hJ mr[kwyf gb;l ? jynfov l x l &k ŒJ Ekid if aH &;óud;yrf;r_ukd yHyh ;kd zd@k xal xmifchJ
wmyg? 'ga=umihrf @dk v@dk Edik if u H ckd spw f hJ wyfrawmfom;rsm;tm;vk;H &JŒwm0ef[m jynfov l x l &k ŒJ óu;d yrf;r_

47
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

awG/ Ekid if aH &;óu;d yrf;r_awG/ jynfov l x l &k ŒJ vkv d m;csuaf wG/ jynfov l x l &k ŒJ qENawGukd 0dik ;f 0ef;+y;D awmh
yhyH ;kd ay;wJw h m0efjzpf&r,fv@dk usrwd@k ajymcsiyf gw,f? tJ'v D 0dk ikd ;f 0ef;+y;D awmh yHyh ;kd ay;wJw h yfrawmfqdk
&if Ekid if u H a&m urBmua&m tm;vk;H 0kid ;f +yD;awmh av;pm;=urSmjzpfygw,f?
,cktcdserf mS qkv d @dk &&dS if jynfov l x l [ k m v$waf wmfac:,la&;udpu P kd trsm;}uD;vkv d m;ae
w,fqw dk mxif&mS ;ygw,f? tJ'aD wmh jynfov l x l &k ŒJ vkv d m;csuu f kd wyfrawmfom;rsm;[m 0dik ;f +y;D
awmh yhyH ;kd apcsiyf gw,f? tm;vk;H uae+y;D awmh jynfov l x l ak &G;cs,w f ifajrm‡ ufxm;wJh ud, k pf m;vS,f
rsm;eJ@ zGŒJ pnf;xm;wJh v$waf wmfwckay:ayguaf &;udk 0dik ;f 0ef;+y;D awmhvyk af y;zk@d vydk gw,f? wyfrawmf
om;rsm;[mvnf; jynfov l x l ak wmif;waewJh v$waf wmfay:ayguaf &;twGuf 0dik ;f 0ef;+yD;awmh
ulnzD @dk vydk gw,f? usrwk@d trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJŒG csKyu f wyfrawmftaeeJ@ vkyaf pcsiw f m usrwd@k
jzpfapcsiw f mudk xkwaf zmfajymw,fqv dk @dk &&dS if usrwk@d [m wyfrawmfuu kd aJG tmifvyk w f ,f/ usr
wd@k [m wyfrawmfux kd yd g;w,fq+dk yD;awmh 'Dvydk pJ yG pf cJG suaf wGxu G af vh&ydS gw,f?
'Dawmh usrwckaxmufjycsiyf gw,f? wyfrawmft&m&Sad [mif;wOD;jzpfwhJ OD;atmif}u;D [m
Edik if jH cm;owif;Xmersm;uae+yD;awmhwqifh wyfrawmfe@J ywfoufwhJ jyif;jyif;xefxefa0zefomG ;
wm/ ykwcf wfomG ;wm/ 'g trsm;jynfo=l um;cJw h uhJ pd aP wGyg? tJ'[ D mudk tm%mydik rf sm;u bmwcGe;f
rS rwk@H jyefygb;l ? rauseyfw,fqw dk mvnf;rajymygb;l ? OD;atmif}uD;udk a0zefwmvnf;r&Syd gb;l ?
OD;atmif}u;D udk zrf;wmqD;wmvnf;r&Syd gb;l ? bmrSurkd ajymyJe@J bmrSrjzpfovkad eygw,f? usrwk@d
trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJŒcsKyfu apwemtjynfht0eJ@ wyfrawmf&JŒwm0efawG[m bmvJvkd@
axmufjywJt h cgusv@dk &&dS ifawmh usrwk@d ukd trdsK;rsKd ;pGypf cJG suaf wGwifygw,f? 'Dawmh 'Dvpdk yG pf cJG suf
awGwifwhJ vlawG&ŒJ apwem[m rSeo f vm; rrSeb f ;l vm;qkw d m jynfojl ynfom;rsm;tm;vk;H a&m
wyfrawmfom;rsm;tm;vk;H a&m qk;H jzwf=uygv@dk usrajymcsiyf gw,f?
jynfow l @dk &ŒJ om;aumif;rsm;jzpfw@J wyfrawmfom;rsm;[m “jynfoo l mv#itf rd/ jynfol
omv#it f z”qkw d rhJ u l kd ckid cf idk rf mrmudik pf x JG m;+y;D awmh jynfov l x l &k ŒJ qENrsm;jynf0h zk@d twGuf 0dik ;f 0ef;
vkyaf qmifay;=uygv@dk usrawmif;qkcd siyf gw,f? jynfoel @J tpOft+rJ pdww f o l abmwlvyk =f uygv@dk
usrarwWm&yfccH siyf gw,f? usrwk@d jynfojl ynfom;rsm;[mvnf; wyfrawmfom;rsm;[m usrwd@k
twGi;f uae+y;D awmhayguzf mG ;vmwJh usrwk@d &ŒJ om;aumif;&wemrsm;tjzpf jrifEikd af tmifv@dk 0dik ;f +y;D
awmhóud;yrf;apcsiyf gw,f?
usrwk@d vyk af ewJEh idk if aH &;qkw d m[m trdsK;om;Ekid if aH &;yg? trsKd ;om;Ekid if aH &;qkw d m 'DEikd if H
rSm&Sw d hJ Ekid if o
H El idk if o
H m;rsm;tm;vk;H eJ@oufqidk w f hJ Ekid if aH &;jzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifh usrwk@d tm;vk;H
vufw+JG y;D awmh usrwk@d Eidk if H om,m0ajyma&; at;csr;f a&;twGuv f yk zf @dk vydk gw,f? tm;vk;H twl
wlvyk =f uygp@dk v@dk usrarwWm&yfccH siyf gw,f? yxrajcvSr;f taeeJ@ usrwk@d tm;vk;H [m jynfov l x l k
wifajrm‡ ufxm;wJh ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;eJ@ v$waf wmfay:ayguaf &;twGuf 0dik ;f 0ef;+y;D awmhóu;d yrf;=uyg
pd@k v@dk usrarwWm&yfccH siyf gw,f?

a':atmifqef;pk=unf

48
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

a':atmifqef;pk-unf.
jrefrmEkdifiHjynfolrsm;odk‹yef-um;csuf

pufwifbmv 19 &uf/ 1998 ckEpS f

pufwifbmv (16) &ufae@rmS trdsK;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfe@J wkid ;f &if;om;tzGŒJ av;zGŒJ udk
ud, k pf m;ðywJh ud, k pf m;vS,w f OD; qkaH wGŒ=u+yD;awmh 1990 jynfEh pS f ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxG
a&G;aumufyu JG wifajr‡mufvu dk af om “jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD” zGŒJ vku d yf gw,f?
'Dvadk umfrwDzŒJG &wmuawmh usrwd@k vw $ af wmfac:,la&;udpu P kd rjzpfajrmufatmifv@dk
tm%mydik af wGuae+yD;awmh v$waf wmfu, fkd pf m;vS,af wGukd xde;f odr;f vku d vf @dk jzpfygw,f? 'Dvdk
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af wGukd xde;f odr;f xm;wJt h cgusawmh v$waf wmf&ŒJ vkyif ef;awGuv kd yk zf @dk
qk+d y;D awmh 'DaumfrwDukd zGŒJ vku d w f myg? usrwk@d aumfrwDrmS v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f 251 a,muf
uae+yD;awmh aoaocsmcsmvkyaf qmifyidk cf iG hf Mandate ay;tyfxm;awmh 50 &mckid Ef e_ ;f ausmf
wma=umifrh @dk v@dk v$waf wmfu, dk pf m; tvkyv f yk yf ikd cf iG &hf w dS ,fv@dk usrwk@d ajymcsiyf gw,f? 'Dawmh
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m; usrwk@d uae+yD;awmh quf+yD;awmhvyk o f mG ;rSmyg?
yxrtpnf;ta0;rSm usrwk@d q;Hk jzwfcsuaf wGcsygw,f? tJ'q D ;Hk jzwfcsuaf wGxrJ mS ta&;yg
wJh qk;H jzwfcsuaf wGuawmh v$waf wmf&ŒJ oufwrf;udo k wfrw S jf cif;/ 'Dvw $ af wmf[m 1990 ckEpS u f
a&G;cs,w f ifajrm‡ ufvu dk w f hJ v$waf wmf[m jynfov l x l &k ŒJ oabmxm;eJ@uu kd nf +D y;D awmh 'Dru kd a&pD
rlawGe@J vnf;udu k n f w D hJ zGŒJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'wckut kd wnfðy+yD;awmhrS 'Dvw $ af wmf&ŒJ
oufwrf;[mukerf mS yg? 'Dvw $ af wmfu twnfðy&rSmjzpfygw,f? tJ'v D t dk wnfrðyEkid o f Iawmh
'Dvw $ af wmf[mwnf&rdS ,fq+dk yD;awmh usrwk@d 'Dvydk q J ;Hk jzwfcsucf svu dk yf gw,f? aemuf+yD;awmh
vnf; 'Dvw $ af wmfutwnfrðywJOh ya'awG[m w&m;r0ifb;l qkw d mudv k nf; usrwk@d q;Hk jzwf
csucf svu dk yf gw,f? 'Dt h jyifvnf; usrwk@d &ŒJ aumfrwD[m v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tpkt H nDe@J
v$waf wmfac:,lEidk rf ,ft h cdserf a&mufrjcif; v$waf wmf&ŒJ vkyif ef;awGukd quf+yD;awmhvyk o f mG ;
r,fq+dk yD;awmh usrwk@d q;Hk jzwfcsucf sygw,f? 'Dvq dk ;Hk jzwfcsuaf wGcs&wm[m jynfov l x l ak y:rSm
usrwd@k &w dS hJ wm0eft& cs&jcif;jzpfygw,f? usrwk@d vyk &f r,ft h vkyaf wGukd quf+yD;awmhvyk o f mG ;
rSmyg?
usew f q hJ ;Hk jzwfcsuaf wGxrJ mS wyfrawmfe@J ywfoufwhJ qk;H jzwfcsuw f ckvnf;ygygw,f?
'Dq;Hk jzwfcsuu f awmh atmufygtwdik ;f yJjzpfygw,f -
“Ekid if w H Ekid if w H iG f wyfrawmfonf r&Srd jzpfvt dk yfonfh tzGŒJ tpnf;wckjzpfonf? wyfr
awmf.wm0efonf Ekid if aH wmfEiS Ehf idk if o H m;rsm;udk umuG,af pmifah &Smuf&efEiS hf zGŒJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk
ajccHOya'udk umuG,&f efjzpfonf? jynfov l x l uk ,k=H unfu;kd pm;cspcf ifonfh acwfr+D y;D umuG,f
a&;wm0efudk oef@oef@xrf;aqmifonfw h yfrawmfjzpf&ygrnf? tqift h wef;jrifrh m;+y;D jynfojl ynf
om;rsm;ESihf wom;wnf;jzpf&ygrnf? jynfow l @dk .qENukd OD;xdyyf efum tpOfav;pm;&ygrnf”
'g[m usrwk@d &ŒJ wyfrawmftay:rSm oabmxm;yg? 'Dvw dk yfrawmfrsKd ;qdv k @dk &&dS if usrwk@d
Ekid if tH v,frmS urBmt h v,frmS b,favmuf*% k o f u d mQ &Srd vJqw dk m pOf;pm;apcsiyf gw,f?
49
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

'ga=umifh usrwk@d vyk w f u hJ pd aP wG[m wyfrawmfukd *k%af r;rdeS af pcsiv f @dk vkyaf ewmr[kwf
ygb;l ? wyfrawmfukd *k%&f &dS edS @J aeapcsiv f @dk vkyaf ewmygqw dk mudk usrwd@k &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif;ajymcsiyf g
w,f// tckqv dk @dk &&dS if tm%mydik rf sm;[m usrwk@d tzGŒJ tpnf;eJ@ usrwk@d 'rD u dk a&pDvyk af qmifcsuf
awGukd trsKd ;rsKd ;wku d cf u dk =f uygw,f? 'Dvw dk u dk cf u dk pf yG pf w JG ahJ e&mrSm wyfrawmfom;rsm; usrwd@k
tay:rSm txifjrifvaJG tmifv@dk trdsK;rsKd ;vkyaf ew,fqw dk mudk usrwd@k jrif&ygw,f? 'Dvt dk jrif
vGaJ tmifvyk w f m[m wdik ;f jynftwGuaf umif;wJu h pd rP [kwyf gb;l ? ud, k thf csi;f csi;f pdw0f rf;uGaJ tmif
vkyw f m usrwk@d vyk af ewmr[kwyf gb;l ? usrwd@k tay:rSm txiftjrifvaJG tmifv@kd trsKd ;rsKd ;wku d f
cku
d w f o hJ al wGu vkyaf ewmomjzpfygw,f? 'Dawmh usrwk@d [m wyfrawmftay: b,fvrdk v S nf;
tmCmwr&Syd gb;l ? wyfrawmf[m usrwk@d vyk af ewJh tvkyaf wGukd 0dik ;f 0ef;+yD;awmhyyhH ;kd zk@d wm0ef&dS
w,fqw dk mawmh usrajymcsiyf gw,f?
usrwk@d [m trsm;jynfou l ae+yD;awmh a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufxm;wJh v$waf wmfuu kd , kd pf m;
ðywJt h zG@J jzpfyg w,f? tJ'v D w
$ af wmf&ŒJ ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; 50 &mckid Ef e_ ;f ausm&f ŒJ vkyaf qmifyidk cf iG u hf kd
&&Sx d m;wJh tzG@J vnf;jzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifrh @dk v@kd usrwk@d &@J vyk af qmifcsuaf wGukd Edik if o H El ikd if o H m;
tm;vk;H wyfrawmfom;rsm;tygt0if 0dik ;f 0ef;jyD;awmhaxmufc=H uygv@dk usrtaeeJ@ arwWm&yfcH
csiyf gw,f?
urBmrSm&Sw d hJ 'Dru dk a&pDenf;t& a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufxm;wJh v$waf wmftoD;oD;uvnf;
usrwk@d &ŒJ aumfrwDukd todtrSwðf y+yD;awmh usrwd@k &ŒJ vky&f yfrsm;udk axmufct H m;ay;=uygv@dk
usrtaeeJ@ arwWm&yfccH siyf gw,f?
jrefrmEkid if 'H rD u dk a&pD&rSomv#if 'Dwidk ;f jynftwGi;f rSmjzpfaewJjh y\emt&yf&yfukd usrwd@k
ajyvnfatmifv@dk ajz&Si;f Ekid rf mS yg? ukeaf ps;E_e;f wufaewJu h pd aP wG/ ausmif;om;awGausmif;rwuf
Ekid wf u hJ pd aP wG/ aq;±kaH wGrmS aq;r&Sw d uhJ pd aP wG/ pD;yGm;a&;tzufzufuae+yD;awmh avsm&h aJ ewJh
udpaP wG 'D[mawGtm;vk;H [m jynfoŒl axmufcrH &_ +dS yD;awmh jynfoal y:rSm wm0efoo d ed @J vyk u f ikd f
r,fh tpd;k &wckay:ayguv f mrSomv#iaf jyvnfomG ;rSmyg?
'ga=umifh Edik if t H ay:rSm wu,fyaJ pwem&Sw d o
hJ rl sm;[m [dv k Œl vuf!;kd xk;d / 'DvŒl vuf !d;k xk;d /
[dv k Œl tjypfwif/ 'DvŒl tjypfwifvyk af er,ft h pm; Ekid if t H wGuf wu,ftusKd ;&Srd ,fh vky&f yfawGukd
p+yD;awmhaqmif&u G =f uygv@dk usrarwWm&yfccH siyf gw,f?
usrwkd@[m v$wfawmfudk,fpm; vkyfoifhvkyfxkdufwJhtvkyfawGvkyfoGm;wJhtcsdfefcgrSm
aqG;aEG;yGw J cH g;udak wmh t+rJbzJ iG x hf m;ygw,fqw dk mudak wmh usrwk@d &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif;ajymcsiyf g
w,f// raqG;aEG;csiw f v hJ al wGukd xyfwvJvJ aqG;aEG;yg aqG;aEG;ygv@dk usrwk@d ajymaewmuawmh
jynfov l x l &k ŒJ rsuEf mS ud=k unf+h yD;awmh ajymaewmyg? 'gayr,fh wzufuajymae&if; wzufu
bmrSrvkyyf aJ wmh xdik af erSmr[kwyf gb;l ? usrwk@d vyk o f ifv h yk x
f udk w f u hJ pd aP wGukd vkyo f mG ;rSmyg?
'ga=umifrh @kd v@dk usrwk@d wm0eft& tckvw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðywJah umfrwDuzkd ŒJG +yD;awmh usrwd@k
vkyif ef;rsm;udk pwif+yDjzpfygw,f? jrefrmEkid if o H El idk if o H m;rsm;eJ@wuG 'Dru kd a&pDe@J vŒl tcGit hf a&;udk
av;pm;em;vnfwhJ urBmjh ynfojl ynfom;rsm;tm;vk;H [m usrwk‹d ukd axmufct H m;ay;ae=ur,fv@dk
usrwk@d ar#mv f ifyh gw,f?

a':atmifqef;pk=unf
50
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
ESpfywfvnftxdrf;trSwfae‹wGif ajym-um;onfh
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD OuUÏ OD;atmifa&$. rdef‹cGef;

ºuaG &mufvm=uolrsm;tm;vH;k ud, k pf w d Ef pS jf zmuse;f rmI csr;f omygapa=umif; qkawmif;

arwWm yd@k oyfygw,fcifAsm;?
rdrw d @kd wikd ;f jynfrmS 'Dru kd a&pDe@J vŒl tcGit hf a&;rsm;&&S&d ef óu;d yrf;aqmif&u G =f u&mwGif ,ckuhJ
od@k tcuftcJ/ twm;tqD;awG=um;rSvma&muf+y;D awmh/ pdw"f gwcf ikd cf ikd rf mrmeJ@ vma&muf=uwJh
twGuf tifrwefryS J v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDu, kd pf m; u|eaf wmfu aus;Zl;wifa=umif;/
*k%, f al =umif; ajym=um;vdyk gw,f?
trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzGŒJ
csKyf/ rGet f rsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ ESihf Zdrk ;D trsKd ;om;uGe*f &ufw@kd u etztm; Oya't& jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfac:,lay;&ef awmif;qkw d u kd w
f eG ;f cJyh gw,f? 'gayr,fh vH;k 0O\Hv k spvf sL±_jcif;cHc&hJ ygw,f?
Oya' xkwv f ukd w f o hJ al wGu Oya'udck sKd ;zsuv f u kd jf cif;jzpfygw,f? w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;qdwo f Ok ;f
aew,fqw kd m jyvdu k jf cif;yJjzpfygw,f?
'DEikd if aH &;ygwrD sm;udk 1990 jynfEh pS u f usi;f ycJw h ahJ &G;aumufyrJG mS jynfov l xl u k axmufcH
tm;ay;cJ+h y;D / 'DygwrD sm;&JŒ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;tm;/ 'Dru kd a&pD
usiphf Ofrsm;t&qENraJ y;I v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvu kd jf cif;
jzpfygw,f? w&m;0ifaewJh ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;vnf; jzpf=uygw,f?
'Dvw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af wGukd jynfov l x l ek @J wkid ;f jynftwGuf tusKd ;ðyvkyif ef;rsm;udk
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrw S qifah qmif&u G =f u&ef wm0efay;vdu k jf cif;yJjzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh v$waf wmf
ay:ayguv f mjcif;r&Sad wmh 'Dwm0efrsm;udk rxrf;aqmifEidk yf g? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfukd ac:,lray;jcif;
[m/ 'Dru kd a&pDurdk ay;bl;qd+k y;D jiif;y,fvu kd jf cif;ygy?J 'gt h jyif Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/ ynma&;/
use;f rma&;tp&Sw d hJ tusyt f wnf;rsm;udk ajz&Si;f ray;vdw k hJ qENay:vGiaf ew,fqw kd m xif&mS ;yg
w,f? od@k aomf wkid ;f jynfwm0efawGukd aqmif&u G &f rSmawGukd ypfy,frxm;Edik /f vspv f sLr±_Eikd w f m
a=umifh aqmif&u G o f mG ;&rnfa=umifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDukd txufaz: jycJw h hJ
Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;rS ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;eJ@ (16-9-98) &ufae@u zGŒJ pnf;cJ&h ygw,f?
zG@J pnf;cJ+h yD; wdik ;f jynftwGuf rnfo@dk aqmif&u G af ewmrsm;udk a=unmcsurf sm;xkw+f yD;
jynfov l x l o k @kd today;cJyh gw,f? 'gjh yif ,ae@ wESpjf ynfah jrmufwahJ e@rmS a=unmcsuef @J tpD&ifcH
pmrsm;udv k nf; zwf=um;+y;D today;xm;ygw,f? jynfov l x l t k usKd ;twGu/f rysurf uGuaf qmif
&Gu&f rnfa=umifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDukd jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ray:aygurf jcif;/
rnfo@kd yifjyefay;qGo J abmeJ@ +cdr;f ajcmuf/ +cdr;f ajcmuf/ r,dik rf vJb/J rnfo@kd r# zsuo f rd ;f rnfr[kwf
a=umif;/ oEMÏd mefðyxm;+yD;a=umif;udk twdtvif;a=unmvdu k +f yD; ed*;kH csKyftyfygw,fcifAsm;?

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f awmfovif;vqef; (7)&uf?
1999 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (16)&uf?
51
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD ESpfywfvnftxdrf;trSwfae‹wGifajym-um;onfh
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwDtzGJŒ0if
a':atmifqef;pk-unf. rdef‹cGef;

'Dae@ usrwd@k tcrf;tem;ukd jzpfatmifv@dk wufa&mufvmwJh usrwd@k &ŒJ tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;eJ@ usr
wd@k uakd xmufcw H ohJ rl sm;tm;vH;k udk aus;Zl;wifa=umif;ajymvdyk gw,f? tckvkd usrwd@k tck v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD&ŒJ (1)ESpaf jrmuftcrf;tem;udk trsm;jynforl vmEdik af tmifv@kd ydwq f @kd
w,fqw kd m bmudjk yovJqkd usrwd@k &ŒJ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDuakd xmufcrH _ jynf
olvx l =k um;xJrmS &Sw d ,fqw dk mudk jywmyJjzpfygw,f? jynfov l xl &k ŒJ axmufcrH u
_ kd pd;k &draf =umifh
=u/ a=umuf&ŒHG vd@k 'g ydwq f @kd xm;w,fv@kd usrwd@k 'Dvykd jJ rifygw,f? b,fvykd t J m%mydik af wGu
vkyv f yk f jynfov l x l &k ŒJ axmufcrH [ _ m usrwd@k e@J tpOf&o
dS mG ;r,fv@kd usrwd@k ,=kH unfygw,f?

tckqv kd @kd &&dS if usrwd@k &ŒJ aumfrwDuzkd @JG vu kd w

awG[m b,fvakd jymif;cJo
w,f? 'Dvo kd ;kH oyfwt
ud=k unf+h yD;awmh oHo
jcif;wlv@kd q+kd y;D ajym&r,fu
xdu k v
f @kd usrwd@k 'Dae&mrSmajymvdu
f m (1)ESp&f o
dS mG ;yg+yD? 'D(1)ESprf mS tajctae
h vJ? usrwd@k &ŒJ tajctaeu b,fv&kd o dS vJqw kd m usrwd@k oH;k oyfEikd yf g
hJ cgrmS usrwd@k Eikd if t
H wGi;f rSmjzpfaewJuh pd u
P /kd wurBmvH;k rSmjzpfaewJu h pd aP wG
k yf&rSmjzpfygw,f? tckavmavmq,f usrwd@k e@J tifrwefrS b0ay;/ uHay;
h pd u
P awmh ta&S@waD rmudpyP jJ zpfygw,f? 'Dupd u P kd usrwd@k ajymoifah jym
k &f rSmyg?

ta&SŒwDarmudpeP @J ywfoufv@kd urBmt h odik ;f t0dik ;f uacgi;f aqmif}u;D rsm;u ajymoGm;wm

[m jynfov l xl &k ŒJ 'Dru
kd a&pDenf;t& xkwaf zmfvu kd w f qhJ ENukd t=urf;zufjcif;/ +crd ;f ajcmufjcif;eJ@
ydwq f @kd z@kd vkyw f m[m vH;k 0vufcpH &mta=umif;r&Sb d ;l vd@k ajymvduk w
f myg? tJ'adD wmh usrwd@k
1990 jynfEh pS af &G;aumufy&JG v'fukd todtrSwrf ðywmeJ@ bmxl;ovJ? jynfov l x
l &k ŒJ 'Dru
kd a&pD
enf;t& vGwv f yfpmG xkwaf zmfvu kd w
f q
hJ ENukd t=urf;zufwehJ nf;awG/ +cdr;f ajcmufwehJ nf;awGe@J
ydwqf @kd z@kd óu;d pm;cJw h ,fqw kd m tifrwefxif&mS ;ygw,f? 'ga=umifrh @kd v@kd vnf; wurBmvH;k [m usrwd@k
jrefrmEdik if &H ŒJ 'Dru kd a&pDa&;udk yd+k yD;awmh tav;xm;oifw h ,fv@kd usr,H=k unfygw,f?

ta&SŒwDarmrSmqd&k if bmudjk yovJq&kd if aoewfuu dk ikd +f y;D tkycf sKyx

f m;wJt
h zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;
&JŒpum;qdw k m ,H=k unfz,G &f mr&Sb
d ;l qdwk mudk jywmyJ? jynfov l x l &k ŒJ qENt& vkyyf gr,fq+kd y;D awmh
qENc, H yl u
JG si;f yvdu
k w
f ,f? 'DqENc, H yl &JG ŒJ &v'furkd óuduw f t hJ cgusawmh qifajctrsKd ;rsKd ;ajym+yD;
awmh t=urf;zufz@kd &m0efrav;wJo h al wGut kd oH;k cs+yD;awmh 'DqENukd y,fzsuzf @kd óud;pm;cJw h myJ?
tJ'aD wmh 'Dóu;d pm;r_ukd urBmuvufrcHEidk b f ;l qdwk m&Si;f ygw,f? [dk bmjzpfv@kd vnf;qdak wmh tJ'v D dk
52
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
vufeufuikd x f m;wJo h rl sm;[m rw&m;vkyEf ikd cf iG &hf w dS ,fqw dk t hJ ajctaersKd ;udk vufcv H u
kd +f yqD &kd if
wurBmvH;k [m uarmufurjzpfomG ;rSmyg? 'ga=umifrh @dk v@kd vufeuftiftm;[m trSew f &m;
r[kwb f ;l qdwk m tm;vH;k em;vnfz@kd vykd gw,f? vufeuftiftm;eJ@ trSew f &m;udzk suq f ;D vd@k
r&ygb;l ?
tJ'aD wmh Edik if wH umtzGŒJ tpnf;udo k wday;csiw f mu ta&SŒwDarmvdk tajctae tifr
wefq;kd oGm;wJt h xd apmif=h unfah e=urSmvm;vd@k usruae+yD;awmhar;csiw f ,f? trsm;jynfo&l ŒJ
qENuckd sKd ;azmufz@kd / wGe;f vSezf @kd / EdrS ef if;zd@k vyk w
f hJ vky&f yfrsm;wdik ;f [m tqd;k bufuckd sn;f yJa&mufomG ;
apygw,f? b,fawmhrS taumif;bufurkd a&mufapygb;l ? usrwd@k &ŒJ jrefrmEdik if rH mS trsm;jynfol
u 'Dru kd a&pDuv kd v
kd m;w,fqw kd mudk 1990 jynfEh pS af &G;aumufyw JG ek ;f u &Si;f &Si;f vif; vif;}u;D xkwf
azmfjyocJw h ,f? 'D[mudv k nf; urBmuae+y;D awmh b,fvrkd jS iif;qefv@kd r&ygb;l ? 'Dawmh trsm;jynf
ol&ŒJ qENukd taumiftxnfazmfz@kd usrwd@k uóu;d pm;aewmyJ? 'Dawmh usrwd@k &ŒJ óu;d pm;csuaf wGukd
wurBmvH;k uaxmufco H ifwh ,fv@kd ajymcsiyf gw,f? usrwd@k &ŒJ óu;d yrf;csurf sm;[m wnf+ird rf /_ +ird ;f
csr;f r_bufukd OD;wnfw,fqw kd m tckavmufq&kd if wurBmvH;k u odavmuf+yv D @kd usrxifygw,f?
jynfov l xl &k ŒJ qENe@J udu k n f pD mG vkyw f hJ udprP eS o f r#[m Edik if wH Edik if [
H m wnf+ird rf b _ ufuykd o
J mG ;rSm
ygyJ?

tck r=umcifujzpfcw hJ hJ ud;k / ud;k / ud;k q,fu

h ;kd aygah v? bmrSvnf;jzpfwmr[kwyf gb;l ? wu,f
qd&k if vkyaf ewmu tm%mydik af wGuvkyaf e=uwm? “jynfov l x
l u
k ae+yD;awmh bmrS 'Dupd u P kd
pdwrf 0ifpm;=ubl;? jynfov l x l u k vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm; tHºk u&G ef/ xºu&G ef tvdrk &Sb d ;l ” vd@k ajymvd@k &&dS if
wu,fy, J =kH unfv@kd &&dS if bma=umifh 'DavmufawmifrS wcgwnf;pd;k &drw f }uD;eJ@ trsKd ;rsKd ;ydwyf if
wm;qD;r_awGvyk af e=uovJqw kd m usrwd@k ar;&rSmjzpfygw,f?

xdek nf;‚if;yJ 'Dae@rmS vnf; usrwd@k trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyftygt0if wdik &f if;om;
ygwD (4) ckuae+y;D awmhxal xmifxm;wJh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDukd jynfov l x
l u
k
vH;k 0pdw0f ifpm;r_r&Sb d ;l qd&k if 'Dvrf;udyk w d x
f m;p&mta=umif; bmrSr&Sb d ;l vd@k usrjrifygw,f? usr
wd&k ŒJ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDxrJ mS wdik ;f &if;om;tzGŒJ tpnf; (4) ck&ŒJ ud, k pf m;vS,yf gwm[m
tifrwefrS usrwd@k twGuf wwyfwtm;jzpfygw,f? 'g[m usrwd@k Eidk if t H wGuf tifrwefraS umif;
wJv h uQ%myJjzpfygw,f? ppfreS w f hJ 'Dru
kd a&pDjynfaxmifpw k ckay:ayguv f mzd@k qw kd m[m usrwd@k
Edik if rH mS &Sw
d hJ wdik ;f &if;om;nDtpfuakd rmifErS awGtm;vH;k =um;rSm aoG;pnf;nD!w G rf &_ zdS @kd vykd gw,f?

tckeu usrajymwJh ta&SŒwDarmudpu P kd jyef=unfv h u kd v f @kd &&dS if vlrsKd ;rwlwhJ wdik ;f &if;om;
rsm;=um;rSmyËdyuQrsm;jzpfcv hJ @kd / em;vnfrr_ &Sv
d @dk / pnf;±k;H r_r&Svd @kd jzpfc&hJ wmyJqw kd m usrwd@k tm;vH;k
jrifEikd yf gw,f? usrwd@k Edik if rH mS 'Dvkd aemifpw d 0f rf;uGrJ a_ wGrjzpfz@kd qw kd m[m enf;wenf;yJ&ydS gw,f?
jynfov l x l uk vdvk m;wJt h pd;k &wcku xde;f odr;f rSomv#if 'DEikd if [ H mwnf+idrEf ikd rf mS jzpfygw,f?
jynfov l x l qk wkd m[m wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsd K;pktm;vH;k tygt0if jynfov l xl uk q kd v
dk w
kd myg? tJ'vD kd
nD!w G rf o S mv#if usrwd@k Eikd if &H ŒJ a&&Snwf nf+idrrf e_ @J +idr;f csr;f r_ukd xde;f odr;f oGm;Edik rf mS yg? aoewfe@J
53
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

awmh b,fawmhrS +ird ;f csr;f a&;udk xde;f odr;f vd@k r&ygb;l vd@k usrajymcsiyf gw,f? usrwd@k &ŒJ 'Dru kd a&pD
v_y&f mS ;r_ukd [ef@wm;csiw f v hJ al wGu enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;eJ@ +crd ;f ajcmufae=uygw,f? tJ'+D crd ;f ajcmufru _ kd
usrwd@k ausmv f m$ ;Ekid &f ygr,f? 'Dv+kd cdr;f ajcmufwo hJ rl sm;[m rdrw d @kd u, kd wf ikd u
f a=umufaevd@k +cdr;f
ajcmufe&wmjzpfw,fqw kd m usrwd@k em;vnfz@kd vykd gw,f? usrwd@k [m t=urf;zufwehJ nf;udk rvdk
vm;bl;/ +ird ;f csr;f wJeh nf;eJ@ usrwd@k Eikd if rH mS 'Dru
kd a&pDxal xmifz@kd oEMÏd mefcsxm;+y;D om; jzpfygw,f?
b,fvykd [ J ef@wm;[ef@wm; usrwd@k taeeJ@ quf+y;D awmhvyk o f mG ;wJu h pd aP wGukd rw&m;wJ/h t=urf;
zufwehJ nf;awG/ vufeufe@J +crd ;f ajcmufwehJ nf;awGe@J [ef@wm;zd@k óu;d pm;cJ&h if jzpfvmr,ft h usKd ;quf
awGtm;vH;k [m tJ'h v D ekd nf;awGo;kH wJv h al wG&ŒJ wm0efyjJ zpfw,fqw kd m usr&Si;f &Si;f vif;vif;ajym
csiyf gw,f?

usrwd@k a=unmcsux f rJ mS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,la&;udpu P kd usrwd@k pGe@f vw $ rf mS r[kwb f ;l ?

jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDuv kd nf; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfwckray:vmrcsi;f zsuo f rd ;f rSm
r[kwb f ;l qdw k m jywfjywfom;om; usrwd@k ajymcJ+h yD;yg+yD? tJ'v D ukd srwd@k &ŒJ ajymqdck sut f ay:rSm
wurBmvH;k oH;k oyf+yD;awmh usrwd@k &ŒJ 'Dru kd a&pDvy_ &f mS ;r_[m b,fbufuOkd ;D wnfaevJqw kd m
oabmayguo f ifyh g+y?D usrwd@k [m aemufqw k rf ,ft h zG@J tpnf;r[kwyf gb;l ? usrwd@k aemufqw k cf sif
&ifawmifrS jynfojl ynfom;awG&ŒhJ 'Dru kd a&pDuv kd v kd m;wJq h ENukd b,fvrkd S ydwq f @kd v@kd &rSmr[kwyf g
bl;? 'ga=umifrh @kd v@kd usrwd@k uvnf; aemufrqkwb f ;l ? jynfov l x l ak wGuvnf; rdrw d @kd &ŒJ 'Dru
kd a&pDvkd
vm;wJh qENawGuv kd nf; enf;enf;av;rS av#mrh mS r[kwb f ;l vd@k usrwd@k u ,H=k unf+y;D om;jzpfygw,f?
'Dtcsuu f kd Edik if w
H umutodtrSwðf yoifyh gw,f? urBmu h v k or*~tzGŒJ tpnf;}uD;tygt0if
wurBmvH;k [m usrwd@k &ŒhJ 'Dru kd a&pDóu;d yrf;r_ukd ydrk v kd @kd axmufco H ifw h ,fv@kd usrwd@k ,=kH unfygw,f?
'Dvakd xmufcjH cif;[m usrwd@k jrefrmEdik if &H ŒJ wnf+idrrf e_ @J +idr;f csr;f r_ukd tm;ay;&ma&mufygw,f?
usrwd@k Eikd if &H ŒJ wnf+ird rf e_ @J +ird ;f csr;f r_ukd tm;ay;jcif;tm;jzifah 'o&JŒ +ird ;f csr;f om,mr_ukd tm;ay;&m
a&mufygw,f? tck tm;vH;k [mjrifyg+yD? jynfwiG ;f a&;udp/P jynfwiG ;f a&;udpq P +kd yD;awmh vspv f sL±_
xm;wm=um&if tifrwefrq S ;kd 0g;wJh ayguu f rJG }_ uD;jzpfwt hJ cgusawmh b,forl v S spv f sL±_v@kd r&
wJt h ajctaeudk a&mufomG ;wwfygw,f? tJ'ga=umifrh @kd v@kd tcktcsed rf mS usrwd@k Eikd if t H wGi;f rSm
rawmfrw&m;vkyaf ewJu h pd u P kd jynfwiG ;f a&;udpq P +kd y;D vspv f sL±_rxm;oifb h ;l qdw k mudk usru Edik if H
wumukad jymvkyd gw,f? tckacwfrmS qd&k if wurBmvH;k [m tm;vH;k wEdik if eH @J wEdik if H qufo, G rf &_ dS
aewJt h cgusawmh Ekid if w H Edik if rH mS jzpfaewJu h pd u P kd useEf ikd if aH wGu vspv f sL±_xm;vd@k r&ygb;l ? 'g
a=umifrh @kd v@kd usrwd@k &ŒJ 'Dru kd a&pDvy_ &f mS ;r_ukd wurBmvH;k uaxmufczH @kd &m usruaeaqmf=owm
jzpfygw,f? od@k aomfjim;vnf; usrwd@k Eikd if rH mS 'Dru kd a&pD&,la&;twGut f "duwm0ef[m usrwd@k &hJ
Edik if o
H l Edik if o
H m;awGay:rSm&Sw d ,fqw kd mvnf; usrowday;csiyf gw,f? ud, k v f ckd siw f hJ udpu P kd OpPm
&ifvkd OpPm&ifc/J ud, k u f ae+yD;awmh &atmifv@kd / jzpfajrmufatmifv@kd / atmifjrifatmifv@kd 0d&, d
xkw+f yD;awmh owWed @J ZGeJ @J vkyo f mG ;&r,fqw kd m usrxyf+yD;owday;csiyf gw,f?

54
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

usrwd@k 1988 ckEpS f 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;pwifuwnf;u ajymcJw h uhJ pd /P usrwd@k rmS
pnfv;kH nD!w G rf &_ &dS r,f/ ZG&J &dS r,f/ owW&d &dS r,f/ pnfurf;&S&d r,f/ tJ'v D kd ZGeJ @J owWed @J pnf;vH;k nD!w G f
r_e@J vkyo f mG ;r,fqv kd @kd &&dS if usrwd@k vckd siw f yhJ ef;wkid uf kd usrwd@k rkcsraoGa&mufrmS jzpfygw,f? usr
wd@k &J ŒZGJ }u;D avav/ owW}d u;D avav/ pnfurf;}u;D avav/ nD!w G rf }_ u;D avav usrwd@k yef;wdik u f kd
a&mufwt hJ csed [ f m enf;avavyJjzpfrmS yg? 'Dawmh jrefjrefa&mufcsi&f if usrwd@k y+kd yD;awmhóud;pm;
&r,f/ tm;xkw&f r,f? usrwd@k taeeJ@ 'Dru kd a&pD&r,fqw kd m vH;k 0oHo,r&Syd gb;l ? &ud&k rSmygy?J
'gayr,fv h nf; 'Dru kd a&pDvckd siw f o hJ rl sm;[m wjcm;vlawGvyk w f mudk xkid =f unf+h y;D awmh r=unfah eyg
eJ@? rdru d , kd w f ikd f ZG/J vH@k v/ 0d&, d xkw+f yD;awmh óud;yrf;=uygv@kd usraqmf=ocsiyf gw,f// 'Dru kd a&pD
awmhvcdk siyf gw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Dru dk a&pD&,lz@kd twGuaf wmh yifyifyrf;yrf;róud;pm;csib f ;l qkw d hJ pdwf
"gwaf wGrxm;yge@J ? usrwk@d [m 'Dru dk a&pD&ŒJ toD;tyGiahf wG/ t&omawGukd cHpm;csi&f if tcktcsed f
rSm yifyifyrf;yrf;óud;pm;&rSmyg? 'Dvykd J usrwd@k óud;pm;oGm;rS usrwd@k vcdk siw f yhJ ef;wkid u f kd usrwk@d
jrefjrefa&mufrmS yg? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDtae@e@J Oya'abmif twGi;f uae+yD;
awmh vkyo f ifvh yk x f u dk w f u hJ pd aP wGukd usrqufvuf+y;D awmhvyk o f mG ;rSmjzpfygw,f? usrwk@d ukd +crd ;f
ajcmufv@kd vnf; usrwk@d aemufqw k rf mS r[kwyf gb;l // usrwk@d &ŒJ ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk "g;pmcHrsm;o
zG,af c:xm;+yD;awmh trdsK;rsKd ; usrwd@k &@J jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;jyKaumfrwDukd zsuo f rd ;f zd@k &m
twGuf pnf;±k;H vk@d vnf; usrwk@d [m zsuo f rd ;f ay;rSmr[kwb f ;l ? usrwk@d vckd siw f hJ jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ac:,la&;udpu P v kd nf; usrwd@k vufvw $ rf mS r[kwyf gb;l ?

usrwd@k c%c%ajymcJyh gw,f? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,la&;udpu P kd usrwk@d b,fawmhrS

vufrv$wf Ekid b f ;l ? bmjzpfv@dk vq J adk wmh 'Dupd u P kd vufvw $ v
f u
dk v
f @dk &&dS if usrwk@d [m jynfovl x
l &k @J
qENukd csKd ;azmufEikd w f ,fqw dk /hJ raumif;wJt h pOftvm}uD;udk usrwd@k vufc&H ma&mufr,fv@dk
usrwk@d ajymcJyh gw,f? tckq&dk if usrwd@k &@J pum;udk wurBmvk;H uyd+k yD;awmh oabmaygu=f uyg
vdrrhf ,f? ta&S@waD rmrSmjzpfwmud=k unf+h yD;awmh usrwk@d 'ED idk if rH mS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,la&;
udpu
P v kd ufrv$wb f ;l qkw
d m rSeyf gavjcif;qk+d y;D awmh urBmu=obmay;r,fv@dk usr,k=H unfygw,f?

'ga=umifh usrwk@d trdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pDt d zGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ tjcm;jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,k pf m;ðyaumfrwDx d rJ mS yg0if=uwJh &Sr;f / &ckid /f rGe/f Zdrk ;D trdsK;om;ygwrD sm;eJ@ usrwk@d Eidk if rH mS 'Dru
kd a&pD
udk vkvd m;wJo h t
l m;vk;H [m usrwd@k jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD&ŒJ vky&f yfrsm;udk wcJeuf
'Dae@uaep+yD;awmh qxufxrf;yd;k axmufc=H uygv@dk usr arwWm&yfc&H if;eJ@ ed*;Hk csKyfygw,f?

a':atmifqef;pk-unf
1999 ckEpS /f pufwifbm (16) &uf//

55
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG

jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if aH wmfwiG f &[ef;&Siv f al usmif;om;§ausmif;olrsm;ESifh jynforl sm;.

'Dru
kd a&pDawmif;qkq d ENjyr_ t&Sed t
f [keo f nf 1988 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f ESihf pufwifbmvwk@d wiG f
tjrifrh m;qk;H od@k a&muf&cdS o hJ nf? xkpd Ofu jzpfay:cJah omtajctaet&yf&yfa=umifh 1988 ckEpS /f
pufwifbmv (11) &ufae@wGifusif;ycJhaom jynfaxmifpkqkd&S,fvpforRwjrefrmEkdifiHawmf
pwkwt Î }udrf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;u wygwpD epfEiS hf ygwpD pHk epfteuf rnf
onfph epfukd vdvk m;ESpo f ufa=umif; jynfoŒl qENc, H yl uJG si;f yjcif;rðyawmhbJ ygwpD pHk epfjzifh taxG
axGa&G;aumufyu JG kd ok;H vtwGi;f usi;f y&efq;Hk jzwfco hJ nf? xkq d ;Hk jzwfcsuEf iS t
fh nD ygwpD 'Hk rD u
dk a&pD
taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifw&yf zGJŒpnf;ay;a&;twGuf EdkifiHawmfaumifpDu
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfo@kd tqdðk ywifjycJo h nf?

Ekid if aH wmfaumifp. D tqkðd ywifjycsut f & jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu 11-9-88 &ufae@wiG f
atmufygq;Hk jzwfcsurf sm;udk csrw S cf o hJ nf?
(u) ygwpD pHk epfjzifh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f yay;&ef?
(c) ygwpD pHk epfjzifh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f yEkid af &;twGuf t[ef@twm;jzpfae
aom tajccHOya'yg oufqidk &f mjyÏmef;csurf sm;ESihf tjcm;Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;udk
y,fzsuEf idk af &;twGuf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu Edikd if aH wmfaumifpo D @kd vtJ$ yf&ef?
(*) tajccHOya'yk'rf 43/ yk'rf cGJ (u) t& pwkwt Î }udrf jynfoŒl v$waf wmf. ykrH eS f
oufwrf;onf taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f y+y;D I jynfoŒl v$waf wmftopf pwif
pnf;a0;onfah e@txdomjzpfa=umif; av#mah ygo h wfrw S &f ef?
(C) pwkwt Î }urd f jynfoŒl v$waf wmf yOPrtpnf;a0;u zGŒJ pnf;ay;xm;aom a&G;cs,w f if
ajr‡mufyuJG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f kd zsuo f rd ;f ay;&ef?
(i) w&m;r#waom taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJatmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdifa&;twGuf a&G;
aumufyJaG umfr&Siw f iG f atmufazmfjyygy*k Kd~ vfrsm;udk a&G;cs,w f m0efay;tyf&ef -
1// OD;baX; - tjidr;f pm;b¾mawmfrif;}uD;?
2// OD;ausmn f eG @f - t+idr;f pm; uae'gEidk if q H idk &f m jrefrmoHtrwf}uD;?
3// OD;pef;armif - tjidr;f pm;ac|wmpkaqmif;a&;ESit fh mrcHpmcsKyfrsm;rif;}uD;?
4// OD;apm=um'd;k - t+idr;f pm;Adv fk rf ;ª csKyf?
5// q&mcs,f - ,cifygvrD eftrwf (z/q/y/v acwf) ESihf ,cifjynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,f (r/q/v acwf)
(p) a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Siw f iG f tzGŒJ 0ifO;D a&wk;d jcif;/ vpfvyfonfah e&mwGif tpm;xk;d jcif;
udprP sm;aqmif&u G yf ifkd cf iG u
hf kd jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu Edik if aH wmfaumifpo D @dk vt
J$ yf&ef?

56
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

(q) ygwt D zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;udrk w S yf wHk ifjcif;/ a&G;aumufypJG nf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;ESihf vkyif ef;
wm0efrsm;a&;qGjJ yÏmef;ay;jcif;wk@d ukd aumfr&SiEf iS n hf E‡d id_ ;f aqmif&u G af y;a&;twGuf
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu Ekid if aH wmfaumifpo D @kd v$t
J yf&ef?
(") taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd jynfoŒl v$waf wmftwGuo f musi;f y&ef?
(ps) taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f yrnfah e@onf ,ae@rpS I ok;H vjynfah omae@[k owf
rSwaf y;&ef? od@k aomf ay:ayguv f mrnfh ygwt D zJ@G tpnf;rsm;u a&G;aumufyaJG umfr
&Sio
f @kd t}uHðycsut f & ,ae@rpS I wvcGjJ ynfah omae@xufrapmbJjzpfap/ ok;H v
ausmv f eG o
f nfth cgjzpfap jyifqifowfrw S uf si;f yay;Ekid o f nfv
h yk yf ikd cf iG u
hf kd jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu Ekid if aH wmfaumifpo dD @kd vt
J$ yf&ef?

txufygtwdik ;f jynfaxmifpq k &dk ,S vf pforRwjrefrmEkid if aH wmf pwkwt Î }udrf jynfoŒl

v$waf wmfta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;u aemufo;Hk vt=umwGif taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f y&ef
qk;H jzwfcahJ omfvnf; 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (18) &ufae@wiG f ppfwyfrt S m%modr;f ,lcu hJ m
atmufygtwkid ;f a=unmcsux f w k jf yefc+hJ yD; vuf&adS &G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f kd quf
vufwm0efay;tyfco hJ nf?

Ek d i f i H a wmf j id r f 0 yf y d j ym;r_ w nf a qmuf a &;tzG J Œ

a=unmcsuf t rS w f 1§88

1350 jynfEh pS /f awmfovif;vqef; (8) &uf?

1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (18) &uf?

1? Ekid if aH wmfw0ef;vk;H wGif tbufbufrS ,d, k iG ;f aeaomtajctaeudk tcsed rf x D ed ;f odr;f

Ekdif&eftwGuf jynfoljynfom;tm;vkH;tusdK;iSg wyfrawmfonf atmufygvufiif;vkyfief;
wm0efrsm;udx k rf;aqmif&ef ,ae@rpS I Ekid if aH wmf.tm%mt&yf&yfukd vk;H 0wm0ef,v l udk of nf?
(u) w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;/ e,fajrat;csr;fom,ma&;/
(c) vrf;yef;qufo, G rf _ vkòH cHacsmarG@apa&;/
(*) jynforl sm;. pm;0wfaea&;acsmifvnfap&ef TtzG@J rS tpGr;f ukeóf ud;yrf;aqmif
&Guaf y;&efEiS fh yk*v
~ u d / or0g,rwk@d aqmif&u G Ef idk af tmifvnf; wwfEf ikd o
f r# ulnD
aqmif&u G af y;Ekid af &;/
(C) txufygvkyfief;&yfrsm;jynfhpkH+yD;v#if ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ
usi;f ya&;/

57
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

2? ygwDpkH'Drdka&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdifa&;twGuf vkyfief;t

aumiftxnfazmfEidk &f ef vuf&dS ygwpD 'Hk rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu
JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu
f kd
qufvufxm;&Srd nf?

3? taxGaxGa≫aumufyGJusif;yonfhtcsdefwGif tqifoifhjzpfaeap&eftwGuf ppfrSef

aom'Ddrdkua&pDudkvufcHusifhokH;rnfh ygwDtzGJŒtpnf;rsm;onf ,cktcgrSpI jyifqifzGJŒpnf;
Ekid =f uonf?
4? txufygvyk if ef;rsm;atmifjrifap&eftwGuf vuf&v dS y_ &f mS ;ae=uaom tzGŒJ tpnf;
rsm;/ yk*Kd~ vfrsm;ESifh &[ef;&Siv
f l jynfow
l &yfv;Hk u 0dik ;f 0ef;uln=D u&efwu dk w
f eG ;f ygonf?

(ykH) apmarmif
Advk cf sKyf}uD;
Ekid if aH wmf_idr0f yfyjd ym;r+wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ

xk@d aemuf e0wonf 1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (27) &ufae@wiG f “Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;
rSwyf w Hk ifjcif;Oya'” (e0w Oya'trSwf - 4§88) udv k nf;aumif;/ 1989 ckEpS /f arv (31) &uf
ae@wiG f “jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'” (e0w Oya'trSwf - 14§89) udv k nf;aumif;
jyÏmef;cJo h nf?
a&G;aumufyw JG iG 0f ifa&muf,OS òf ydiv f adk om Ekid if aH &;ygwt D zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;u 1988 ckEpS /f
pufwifbmv (30) &ufae@rS 1989 ckEpS /f azaz:0g&v D (28) &ufae@txd (5) vcef@twGi;f ygwD
pk'H rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siw f iG f rSwyf wHk ifc=hJ u&m Ekid if aH &;ygwt D zGŒJ
tpnf;aygi;f (235) zGŒJ &Scd o hJ nf?
,if;od@k rw S yf w Hk ifxm;onfh Ekid if aH &;ygwt D zGŒJ tpnf;aygi;f (235) zGŒJ teuf (93) zGŒJ om
1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyYJG 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf =hJ uonf?
a&G;aumufyu JG kd 1990 jynfEh pS /f arv (27) &uf ( 1352 ckEpS /f e,kev f qef; 4 &uf) we*FaEG
ae@Y wjynfv;Hk wòydief uf eHeuf (6) em&DrS nae (4)em&D twGi;f usi;f ycJo h nf?
rlvu a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y&ef rJqENe,f (492) e,fowfrw S cf ahJ omfvnf; &Sr;f jynfe,frS
uke;f =urf;òrŒd e,f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrq J ENe,f/ em;zef;òrŒd e,f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrq J ENe,f/ yef0ikd ;f òrŒd
e,f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrq J ENe,f/ yef,ef;òrŒd e,f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrq J ENe,f/ rdik ;f armòrŒd e,f jynf
olŒv$waf wmfrq J ENe,f/ refzef@ (oHviG )f òrdŒe,f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrq J ENe,fEiS fh ucsijf ynfe,frS
tif*se;f ,efòrdŒe,f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrq J ENe,fw@kd wiG f a&G;aumufyv JG yk if ef;rsm; tcdserf aD qmif
&Gu&f ef tcuftcJ&o dS nft h wGuf acwWqidk ;f iHv h u kd of jzifh rJqENe,f (485) e,fwiG o f m a&G;aumuf
yGrJ sm;usi;f yEkid cf ohJ nf?
58
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

rlv owfr Sw f a&G; aumufy GJ ,SOfò ydif

jynfe ,f§
pOf òrdŒ e,f xm;onfh usif; ycJho nfh ta&G; cHo l
wdkif;
rJqENe ,f rJqENe ,f OD; a&

1? ucsifjynfe,f 18 20 19 93

2? u,m;jynfe,f 6 8 8 33

3? u&ifjynfe,f 7 14 14 51

4? csif;jynfe,f 9 13 13 55

5? ppfuikd ;f wkid ;f 38 58 58 242

6? weoFm&Dwdkif; 10 13 13 45

7? yJcl;wdkif; 28 51 51 255

8? rauG;wdkif; 25 39 39 170

9? rE Wav;wdkif; 29 56 56 297

10? rGefjynfe,f 10 20 20 95

11? &cdkifjynfe,f 17 26 26 152

12? &efukefwdkif; 42 61 61 400

13? &Srf;jynfe,f 52 62 56 204

14? {&m0wDwdkif; 26 51 51 204

pkp kaygif; 317 492 485 2296

59
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufccH &hJ onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udak vhvmygu -

(1) t+idr;f pm;wyfrawmft&m&Sd - 42 - OD;
(2) t+idr;f pm;Ekid if 0hH efxrf; - 145 - OD;
(3) txufwef;a&SŒae§A[dw k &m;±k;H a&SŒae - 54 - OD;
(4) q&m0ef§orm;awmf - 50 - OD;
(5) trdsK;orD; - 15 - OD;
(6) tjcm; - 179 - OD; jzpfa=umif;awGŒ&onf?

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f xl;jcm;r_rsm;tjzpf &Sr;f wkid ;f

&if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f rlp,fòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif
a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHc&hJ ol pdik ;f vSazonf jrefrmwjynfv;Hk wGif jynfov l x
l ak xmufcrH J
91³45 &mckid Ef e_ ;f jzifh rJ&&Srd &_ mckid Ef e_ ;f tjrifq
h ;Hk pHcsed w
f ifco hJ nf?
rauG;wkid ;f ESihf weoFm&Dwidk ;f wk@d wiG f trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfwckwnf;rS v$waf wmf
ud,
k pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;u vk;H vk;H vsm;vsm; Edik &f &Scd o hJ nf?
&efuek w f idk ;f / c&rf;òrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) wGif 1991 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (18) &ufae@u
tif;pdeaf xmiftwGi;f tusO;f om;b0jzifh uG,v f eG o
f mG ;cJo h l OD;wifarmif0if;u trsKd ;om;'Dru kd
a&pDtzGJŒcsKyfudkudk,fpm;ðyI0ifa&muf,SOfòydif&m tpfudkt&if;jzpfol wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;
nDnw G af &;ygwD (wpn) ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif; OD;aZmf0if; (Ekid if aH wmfaumifp0D ifa[mif;/ Adv k rf ;ª }u;D
aZmf0if;) udt k Ekid &f cJjh cif;jzpf+yD; &Sr;f jynfef ,fajrmufyikd ;f oDaygòrdŒe,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (2) rS a&G;
aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aom trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (NLD) ud, k pf m;ðy jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,f pkid ;f atmifoef;ESihf &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyidk ;f rdik ;f &,fòrdŒe,f rJqENe,frS a&G;
aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aom &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (SNLD) ud, fk pf m;ðy
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;vS'ifw@kd rmS om;tzt&if;rsm;jzpf=uonf?

60
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif

a&G;cs,fwifajrSSmufjcif;cHcJh&onfh trsdK;orD; jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;
E dki fi Ha & ;
pOf t rn f r Jq E Ne , f
t z GJΠt p n f;

1? a ' :p de fw i f a & $u l (u c si fj y n fe , f) t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f

b m ;t H (3 )
2? e e f; c i fa x G; jr i fh t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
(u & i fj y n fe , f)
0 u fv u f (2 )
3? a ' :c i fp e f; v _di f t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
(p p fu dki f; w dki f; )

4? a ' :q , fq , f c E WD; (p p fu dki f; w dki f; ) t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f

a c sm i f; q Hk (2 )
5? a ' :c i fa X ;ºu G, f t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
(r Ge fj y n fe , f)

6? a ' :w i fa p m O D; r k' Hk (1 ) (r Ge fj y n fe , f) t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f

7? a ' :a r òz d; e r Rw l (& Sr f; jy n fe , f) t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f

a ' :p Ha r (c )
8?
a & $u la r E Si f;
9? a ' :w m a r 0 i f; jr i fh
w dku f} u D; (2 )
t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
(& e fu ke fw dki f; )
r & r f; u ke f; (2 )
t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
(& e fu ke fw dki f; )

10 ? a ' :c i fa t ;jr i fh & e fu i f; (& e fu ke fw dki f; ) t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f

11? a ' :p e f; p e f; 0 i f; t v Hk (& e fu ke fw dki f; ) t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f

q dy fu r f;
12 ? a ' :p e f; p e ;f t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
(& e fu ke fw dki f; )

13? a ' :t ke f; =u n f jr p fo m ; (1 ) t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f

14? a ' :a r E Si f; =u n f
a ' :v Sv Sr dk; (1 4 / 3 /
15 ?
9 8 a e @u G, fv Ge f)
r dk; u kw f (1 )
t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f
(r E Wa v ;w dki f; )
r i f; v S( 2 ) (y Jc l; w dki f; ) t r sdK ;o m ;' Dr dku a & p Dt z GJ@ c sKy f

61
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

a':atmifqef;pk=unftaejzifh aetdrt f us,cf sKyfcaH e&pOf 1989 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (2)

&ufae@wiG f A[ef;òrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS 0ifa&mufta&G;cs,cf &H ef aumfr&Sio f @kd trnf
pm&if;wifoiG ;f cJah omfvnf; e0wrS óu;d udik x f m;onfh òrŒd e,fpak umfr&Siu f wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD
!Gwaf &;ygwD (wpn) .uef@uu G vf m$ ukv d ufcIH a':atmifqef;pk=unf. trnfpm&if;wif
oGi;f r_udk y,fcsco hJ jzifh a&G;aumufywJG iG f yg0if,OS òf ydiEf ikd jf cif;r&Scd yhJ g?

(u) a&G ; aumuf y G J u sif ; yr_ t ajctae

(1) a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y&efowfrw S x
f m;onfh rJqENe,faygi;f 492 e,f
(2) a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ycJo
h nfh rJqENe,faygi;f 485 e,f
(3) a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yEkid of nfh &mcdik Ef e_ ;f 98³58µ

(c) qEN r J a y;r_ t ajctae

(1) qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o
dS Ol ;D a& 20˜818˜313 OD;
(2) vma&mufqENraJ y;olO;D a& 15˜112˜524 OD;
(3) qENraJ y;r_&mcdik Ef e_ ;f 72 5h 9 µ

(*) ck d i f v k H a omqEN r J & &S d r _ t ajctae

(1) vma&mufqENraJ y;olO;D a& 15˜112˜524 OD;
(2) &&So d nfh ckid v
f aHk omqENrt J a&twGuf 13˜253˜606 rJ
(3) ckid v f aHk omqENr&J &Srd &_ mckid Ef e_ ;f 87 7› µ

(C) y,frJ/ aysmufrJ/ xyfrJ tajctae

(1) vma&mufqENraJ y;olO;D a& 15˜112˜524 OD;
(2) ckid v
f aHk om qENr&J &So
d nft
h a&twGuf 13˜253˜606 rJ
(3) y,fr/J aysmufr/J xyfrJ ta&twGuf 1˜858˜918 rJ
(4) &&So d nfh qENrrJ sm;teuf y,fr/J aysmufr/J xyfrJ &mcdik Ef e_ ;f 12 3› µ

(i) v$ w f a wmf u d k , f p m;vS , f a vmif ; rsm;,S O f ò yd i f r _ t ajctae

(1) ,SOòf ydio
f nfh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;OD;a& 2296 OD;
(2) ygwt D zG@J tpn;frsm;udu k , dkf pf m;ðyI,SOòf ydio
f nfh
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;OD;a& 2209 OD;

62
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

(3) woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmfu,kd pf m;vS,af vmif;OD;a& 87 OD;

(4) ygwt D zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;udu
k , kd pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf
,SOòf ydio
f nfh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;&mckid Ef e_ ;f 96 2› 1 µ
(5) woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;&mckid Ef e_ ;f 3 7› 9 µ

(p) v$ w f a wmf u d k , f p m;vS , f a vmif ; rsm;. a&G ; aumuf c H & r_ t ajctae

(1) ygwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;udu k , kd pf m;jyKI ,SOòf ydiof nfh
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;OD;a& 2209 OD;
(2) ygwt D zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;udu k , kd pf m;ðyI a&G;aumuf
wifajr‡mufc&H aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,Of ;D a& 479 OD;
(3) a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufc&H r_&mckid Ef e_ ;f 21 6› 8 µ

(q) woD ; yk * ~ v v$ w f a wmf u d k , f p m;vS , f a vmif ; rsm;. a&G ; aumuf c H & r_ t ajctae
(1) yg0if,OS òf ydio
f nfh woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;OD;a& 87 OD;
(2) a&G;aumufwifajrSmufjcif;cH&onfh
woD;yk*v ~ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,Of ;D a& 6 OD;
(3) a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufc&H r_&mckid Ef e_ ;f 6²9µ

(Z) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;. ckdifvkHaomqENrJ

&SpfykHwykHESifhtxuf&&Sdr_tajctae
(1) ,SOòf ydio f nfv
h w $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;OD;a& 2296 OD;
(2) ckid vf aHk omqENrJ &Spyf wHk ykEH iS thf xuf&&So
d nfh
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;OD;a& 1049 OD;
(3) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f 45 ² 69µ
(4) ckid v
f aHk omqENrJ &Spyf w Hk ykaH tmuf&&Sod nfh
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;OD;a& 1247 OD;
(5) &mckid Ef e_ ;f 54 ² 31 µ

ygwpD 'Hk rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyYJG 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydio
f nfh Ekid if aH &;ygwt
D zGŒJ tpnf;
(93) zGŒJ teuf v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f tenf;qk;H wOD;ESit
hf xufa&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufc&H aom
Edik if aH &;ygwt D zGŒJ tpnf; (27) zGŒJ rS a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufc&H onf&h v'frmS wbufygtwkid ;f jzpf
onf?
63
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

,SO fò ydi fa om tEdki f& aom tEkdi f& &Sdr _

pOf Edki fi Ha &;ygwD
rJq ENe ,f rJq ENe ,f &mcdki fE _e f;

1? trsdK;om;'Dr u
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf 447 392 80 ² 82

·2? &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;'Dru

kd a&pDt zG@J csKyf 58 23 4 ² 74

·3? &cdik 'f rD u

kd a&pDt zGŒJ csKyf 25 11 2 ² 27

4? wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD 414 10 2 ² 06

·5? rGet
f rsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ 19 5 1 ² 03

trsdK;om;vl@ tcGifhta&;
6? 8 4 0 ² 82
'Drdku &ufw pfy gwD

·7? csif;trsdK;om;'Dr u
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf 13 3 0 ² 62

ucsifjynfe,f
·8? 9 3 0 ² 62
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDuGe f*&uf

9? trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDy gwD 3 3 0 ² 62

jynfaxmifp k ytd0k t
f rsdK;om;rsm;
·10? 15 3 0 ² 62
tzGJ@ csKyf

·11? Zdrk ;D trsdK;om;uGe*f &uf 4 2 0 ² 41

em*awmifwef;a'o
·12? 6 2 0 ² 41
wd;k wufa&;ygwD
u,m;jynfe ,f vlrsdK;aygif;pHk
·13? 8 2 0 ² 41
'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
watmif; (yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdk
·14? 9 2 0 ² 41
ua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm; pnf;vHk;nD
·15? 3 2 0 ² 41
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64
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f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

16? 'Dru
kd a&pDy gwD 105 1 0 ² 21

'Drdku &ufw pf wuUodkvfbGJŒ&ESifh

17? 10 1 0 ² 21
ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzG@J

18? rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ 3 1 0 ² 21

·19? u&ifjynfe ,ftrsdK;om;rsm;tzG@J csKyf 3 1 0 ² 21

·20? &Srf;jynfu dk;uef@ 'Dr dku&ufwpfy gwD 2 1 0 ² 21

jynfaxmifp k "EktrsdK;om;'Dr u
kd a&pD
·21? 4 1 0 ² 21
tzGJ@ csKyf

·22? ureftrsdK;om;'Drd u
kd a&pDt zG@J csKyf 3 1 0 ² 21

·23? r&mjynfo l@ ygwDd(r-y-y) 4 1 0 ² 21

jynfaxmifp t k rsdK;om;rsm;
24? 247 1 0 ² 21
'Drkdu a&pDy gwD
òrd (ac: ) crDtrsdK;om;nDnGw fa&;
·25? 4 1 0 ² 21
tzGJ@ (r-c-r-n-z)
vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@òzd;wkd;
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jynfaxmifp w
k idk ;f &if;om;vlr sdK;rsm;
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kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

- woD;yk* ~v 87 6 1 ² 24

65
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

· wd k i f ; &if ; om;vl r d s K;pk y gwD t zG J @ tpnf ; rsm;//

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyo JG nf jrefrmEkid if w H iG f usi;f y+y;D cJo h r#

ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrGJ sm;Y rJay;r_&mcdik Ef e_ ;f trsm;qk;H a&G;aumufyjJG zpfonfjh yif
jrefrmhordik ;f wGif ygwt D a&twGut f rsm;qk;H a&G;aumufy0JG ifco hJ nfh a&G;aumufyv JG nf;jzpfonf?
jrefrmhEidk if aH &;orkid ;f wGif wygwpD epfrS ygwpD pHk epfo@kd wacwfajymif;a&G;aumufyEJG iS hf jrefrmh
orkid ;f Yusi;f ycJo h nfh ygwpD pHk epfa&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif aoG;xGuo f , H rkd /_ t=urf;zufr_ tuif;&Si;f qk;H
ESifh tr#wqk;H a&G;aumufyt JG jzpf rSww f rf;wifEikd cf o hJ nf?
ESpaf ygi;f 30 twGi;f yxrqk;H t}urd u f si;f ycJo h nfh 1990 jynfEh pS f ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxG
a&G;aumufy}JG uD;wGif trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrq J ENe,faygi;f (485) e,f
&So d nft h euf rJqENe,f (392) e,fwiG f tjywftowftEkid &f atmifycJG cH +hJ y;D &mckid Ef e_ ;f tm;jzif(h 80)
&mckid Ef e_ ;f ausmt f Ekifd &f &Scd o
hJ nf?
e0wu 1989 ckEpS /f arv (31) &ufae@wiG f Oya'trSwf - 14§89 jzifjh yÏmef;cJo h nfh
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' / tcef; (2) “v$waf wmfzŒJG pnf;jcif;” yk'rf (3) Y “v$waf wmfukd
rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESit hf nD a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufvu dk af om v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh
zGŒJ pnf;&rnf”[k twdtvif;azmfjyxm;+yD;/ xko d @kd zŒJG pnf;rnfv h w $ af wmfonf ,if;Oya'yk'rf (2)/
yk'rf cGJ (u) Y “v$waf wmfqo dk nfrmS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfuakd c:onf” [k &Si;f vif;zGiq hf x dk m;&m
1990 jynfEh pS /f arva&G;aumufyYJG tEdik &f &Scd o hJ nfh trdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf tcsKyftcsm
tm%mydik o f nfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfuzkd @JG pnf;Ekid cf iG hf &S&d rnfrmS rnforl # tjiif;ryGm;Ekid o f nft h csuf
jzpfonf?
1990 jynfEh pS /f Zlvidk v f (27) &ufae@wiG f e0wu a=unmcsut f rSw-f 1§90udk xkwjf yefchJ
&m ,if;a=unmcsut f yd'k f (12) Y jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'yk'rf -3wGif “v$waf wmfukd
rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESit fh nDa&G;aumufwifajrm‡ uf vku d af om v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh
zGŒJ pnf;&rnf” [kjyÏmef;yg&o Sd nf? ,if;jyÏmef;csuEf iS t hf nD v$waf wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;jcif;udk Edik if aH wmf
+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJŒuaqmif&Gufay;rnf[k wkdif;jynfokd@ twdtvif;xkwfjyef
a=unmcJo h nf? xk@d jyif ,if;a=unmcsut f yd'k f (20) Y “xk@d jyif ,ae@tajctaewGif jynforl sm;u
a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvu dk af omud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;onf tem*wf'rD u kd a&pDEifkd if aH wmfzŒJG pnf;ykH
tajccHOya'udak &;qG=J u&ef wm0ef&o dS nfh yk*K~ v
d rf sm;jzpfonf” [kazmfjyxm;onf?
txufygtwdik ;f e0wrSxw k jf yefonfh Oya'ESifh a=unmcsurf sm;wGif jynfo@l vw $ af wmf
twGuf a&G;aumufyðJG yvkycf jhJ cif;udk twdtvif;azmfjyxm;ygvsuf umuG,af &;0ef}uD;Xme/ ppfr
[mAsL[mavhvma&;±k;H rS 'kw, d Adv k rf ;ª }u;D vSrif;a&;om;onfh “jrefrmEkid if . H Ekid if aH &;tajctae
ESihf a'otwGi;f jrefrmEkifd if . H tcef;u¾” pmwrf;wGif “wyfrawmftpd;k &/ xkt d csed u f Ekid if aH wmf
+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ onf Ekid if aH wmfwm0efu, kd cl +hJ y;D aemuf wygwq D &dk ,S vf pfpepfEiS hf
qk&d , S v
f pfp;D yGm;a&;pepfw@dk u&kd yfqidk ;f um ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDpepfEiS hf aps;uGupf ;D yGm;a&;pepftoGio f @kd
ul;ajymif;usio hf ;Hk a&;udak qmif&u G cf o hJ nf? Tod@k aom=um;umvtwGi;f pD;yGm;a&;u¾wGif aps;
uGupf ;D yGm;a&;pepfukd pwifxal xmifum Ekid if aH &;u¾wGirf l ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDpepfEiS hf vku d af vsm
66
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

nDaxG+y;D jynfwiG ;f &Sd wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tm;vk;H twGuf +ird ;f csr;f a&;ESifh wnf+ird f at;csr;f a&;tmrcH
ay;Ekdifrnfh zGJŒpnf;ykHtajccHOya'opfw&yfay:xGufvma&;udk OD;pm;ay;aqmif&GufcJhonf?
T&nf&, G cf sujf zifh 1990 ckEpS /f taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd usi;f ycJjh cif;jzpfygonf? xkad &G;aumufy.JG
wckwnf;aomOD;wnfcsurf mS zG@J pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'opfw&yf. rl=urf;udk 0dik ;f 0ef;a&;qG=J urnfh
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;a&G;cs,f&efjzpfonf? “[kt&SufrJhpGmajAmifvdrfnmI a&G; aumufyGJudk
ykzH sucf o
hJ nfuakd wG@&onf?
e0w§etzrS rnfo@kd yifa&G;aumufy&JG v'f aysmufu, G &f ef/ ao;odr&f ef/ arS;rdeS &f eftwGuf
óud;pm;cJah omfvnf; jrefrmjynforl sm;ESifh Ekid if w H umrS todtrSwðf y/ av;pm;wef;zd;k xm;cJ=h u
onfjh yif urBmu h vk or*~ rS 1990 jynhEf pS /f arv a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd av;pm;wef;zd;k xm;
taumiftxnfazmf&ef qk;H jzwfwu dk w
f eG ;f cJo
h nfrmS (12) ESpf wkid cf jhJ yDjzpfonf?

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwDp'Hk rD u

dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG &v'fEiS fh ywfoufI jrefrmEdik if H tay:
urBmu h v k or*~ taxGaxGnv D mcH. qH;k jzwfcsufrsm;rS aumufEwk cf sufrsm;

1990 jynfEh pS w
f iG f usi;f ycJo
h nfh a&G;aumufy&JG v'frsm;t& 'Dru kd a&pDpepfqo D @kd a&Sα_onfh
vdtk yfaomvkyif ef;tqifrh sm;tm;vH;k udak qmif&u G &f ef ‚if;wd@k &nf&,
G af =umif; jrefrmtpd;k &onf
urBmuh vk or*~taxGaxGnv D mcHEiS hf urBmuh v
k or*~tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;od@k tmrcHxm;onfukd
jyefvnfowdðy trSw&f vsuf æ
(1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv 17 &ufaeŒwGicf srw
S o
f nfh urBmu
h v
k or*~ taxGaxGnv
D mcH qH;k jzwf
csuf trSwf 46 / 132 rS aumufEkwfcsuf)

1990 jynfEh pS wf iG u
f si;f ycJo
h nfh a&G;aumufy&JG v'frsm;t& 'Dru kd a&pDpepfqo D @kd a&Sα_onfh
vdtk yfaomvkyif ef;tqifrh sm;tm;vH;k udak qmif&u G &f ef jrefrmtpd;k &onf 4if;wd@k . uwday;xm;
r_rsm;tm; taumiftxnfaz:aqmifrr_ &Sad o;jcif;udk tav;teuf pd;k &dryf yl efvsuf æ
(1992 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv 18 &ufaeŒwGicf srw S of nfh urBmu h v
k or*taxGaxGnv D mcH qH;k
jzwf csuf trSwf 47 / 144 rS aumufEw k cf su)f

1990 jynfEh pS w f iG u
f si;f ycJo
h nfh a&G;aumufy&JG v'frsm;t& 'Dru kd a&pDpepfqo D @kd a&Sα_onfh
vdtk yfaomvkyif ef;tqifrh sm;tm;vH;k udak qmif&u G &f ef jrefrmtpd;k &onf ‚if;wd@k . uwday;xm;r_
rsm;tm; taumiftxnfaz:aqmifrr_ &Sad o;jcif;udk tav;teuf pd;k &dryf yl efvsuf æ
(1993 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv 20 &ufaeŒwGicf srw S of nfh urBmu h v
k or*~taxGaxGnv D mcH qH;k
jzwfcsuf trSwf 48 / 150 rS aumufEw k cf su)f
67
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfEh pS w f iG u
f si;f ycJo
h nfh a&G;aumufy&JG v'frsm;t& 'Dru kd a&pDpepfqo D @kd a&S@&o
_ nfh
vdtk yfaomvkyif ef;tqifrh sm;tm;vH;k udak qmif&u G &f ef jrefrmtpd;k &onf ‚if;wd@k .uwday;xm;r_
rsm;tm; taumif txnfaz:aqmifr_ r&Sad o;jcif;udk tav;teuf pd;k &dryf yl efvsuf æ
(1994 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv 23 &ufaeŒwGif csrw S of nfh urBmu h v
k or*~taxGaxGnv D mcH qH;k
jzwfcsuf trSwf 49 / 197 rS aumufEw k cf su)f

1990 jynfEh pS wf iG u
f si;f ycJo
h nfh a&G;aumufy&JG v'frsm;t& 'Dru kd a&pDpepfqo D @kd a&Sα_onfh
vdtk yfaomvkyif ef;tqifrh sm;tm;vH;k udak qmif&u G &f ef jrefrmtpd;k &onf ‚if;wd@k .uwday;xm;r_
rsm;tm; taumiftxnfaz:aqmifrr_ &Sad o;jcif;udk tav;teuf pd;k &dryf yl efvsuf æ
(1995 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv 22 &ufaeŒwGicf srw S of nfh urBmu
h v
k or*~taxGaxGnv D mcH
qH;k jzwfcsuf trSwf 50 / 194 rS aumufEw k cf su)f

1990 jynfEh pS wf iG u
f si;f ycJo
h nfh a&G;aumufy&JG v'frsm;t& 'Dru kd a&pDpepfqo D @kd a&Sα_onfh
vdtk yfaomvkyif ef;tqifrh sm;tm;vH;k udak qmif&u G &f ef jrefrmtpd;k &onf ‚if;wd@k .uwday;xm;r_
rsm;tm; taumiftxnfaz:aqmifr_ r&Sad o;jcif;udk tav;teuf pd;k &dryf yl efvsuf æ
(1996 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv 12 &ufaeŒwGicf srw S o
f nfh urBmuh v
k or*~ taxGaxGnv D mcH
qH;k jzwfcsuf trSwf 51 / 117 rS aumufEw k cf su)f

1990 jynfEh pS wf iG u
f si;f ycJo
h nfh a&G;aumufy&JG v'frsm;t& 'Dru kd a&pDpepfqo D @kd a&Sα_onfh
vdtk yfaomvkyif ef;tqifrh sm;tm;vH;k udak qmif&u G &f ef jrefrmtpd;k &onf ‚if;wd@k .uwday;xm;
r_rsm;tm; taumiftxnfaz:aqmifrr_ &Sad o;jcif;udk tav;teuf pd;k &dryf yl efvsuf æ
(1997 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv 12 &ufaeŒwGif csrw S of nfh urBmu h v
k or*~taxGaxGnv D mcH
qH;k jzwfcsuf trSwf 52 / 137 rS aumufEw k cf su)f

1990 jynfEh pS wf iG u
f si;f ycJo
h nfh a&G;aumufy&JG v'frsm;t& 'Dru kd a&pDpepfqo D @kd a&Sα_onfh
vdtk yfaomvkyif ef;tqifrh sm;tm;vH;k udak qmif&u G &f ef jrefrmtpd;k &onf ‚if;wd@k .uwday;xm;
r_rsm;tm; taumiftxnfaz:aqmifrr_ &Sad o;jcif;udk tav;teuf pd;k &dryf yl efvsuf æ
( 1998 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv 9 &ufaeŒwGicf srw S of nfh urBmu h v
k or*~taxGaxGnv D mcH
qH;k jzwfcsuf trSwf 53 / 162 rS aumufEw k cf su)f

tajctaet&yf&yfwiG f tcgtm;avsmpf mG ay;xm;cJo h nft

h mrcHcsurf sm;udk xnfo h iG ;f pOf;
pm;vsuf 1990 jynfEh pS w
f iG u f si;f ycJoh nfh 'Dru
kd a&pDa&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif azmfjycJo
h nfh jynfol
rsm;. qENoabmxm;ESit hf nD 'Dru kd a&pDpepfjyefvnfwnfaqmufjcif;qDo@kd a&Sα_O;D wnfonfh
vkyif ef;tqifrh sm;tm;vH;k udk aqmif&u G t
f aumiftxnfaz:&ef/ xd&k nfreS ;f csuyf ef;wdik o
f @kd aESmifh
68
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

aES;=uef@=umr_r&Sb d aJ qmif&uG &f ef / a':atmifqef;pk=unftygt0if Edik if aH &;acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf

wdik ;f &if;om;ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh cdik rf mxda&mufonfh Edik if aH &;awGŒqHak qG;aEG; !SEd i_d ;f r_w&yfðy
vky&f ef jrefrmtpd;k &udk jyif;jyif;xefxefwu kd wf eG ;f onf? xdtk ajctaewGif jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,
k pf m;ðyaumfrwDwnf&adS er_ukd *±kxm;todtrSwðf yonf?
( 1999 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv 17 &ufaeŒwGicf srw S o f nfh urBmu
h v
k or*~taxGaxGnv D mcH
qH;k jzwfcsuf trSwf 54 / 186 rS aumufEw k cf su)f

urBmu h vk or*~yÉdnmOfpmwrf;ESit hf nD/ vl@tcGit hf a&;rsm;ESihf tm;vH;k twGuf tajccH

vGwv f yfciG rhf sm;tm; av;pm;vdu k ef mr_ukd urBmu h v k or*~onf jr‡iw hf ifay;jcif;ESihf tm;ay;jcif;/
tpdk;&tm%m.tajccHonf jynfolrsm;.qENoabmxm;jzpfonf[k tjynfjynfqdkif&m
vl@tcGit hf a&;a=unmpmwrf;wGif az: jyxm;onfukd tav;*&kðyonf? xd@k a=umifh 1990 jynfh
ESpfwGifusif;ycJhonfh a&G;aumufyGJ&v'frsm;t& 'Drdkua&pDpepfqDodk@a&Sα_onfh vdktyfaom
vkyif ef;tqifrh sm;tm;vH;k udak qmif&u G &f ef jrefrmtpd;k &onf 4if;wd@k . uwday;xm;r_rsm;tm;
taumiftxnfaz:aqmifrr_ &Sad o;jcif;udk tav;teuf pd;k &dryf yl efa=umif;az: jyvsuf æ
(2000 jynfEh pS /f 'DZifbmv 4 &ufaeŒwGicf srw S of nfh urBmu
h v
k or*~taxGaxGnv D mcH
qH;k jzwfcsuf trSwf 55 / 112 rS aumufEw k cf su)f

1990 jynfEh pS w f iG u
f si;f ycJo
h nfh 'Dru kd a&pDa&G;aumufyw JG iG f az: jycJo h nfh jynforl sm;.
qENoabmxm;ESit hf nD 'Dru kd a&pDpepfwnfaqmufjcif;udak ocsmap&ef vufqyk v f ufuikd jf yEdik f
onfh taqmwv#it f a&;,laqmif&u G rf r_ sm;aqmif&u G &f ef/ xd&k nfreS ;f csuyf ef;wdik o f @kd a&muf&dS
&ef trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf pwifðyvkyaf e
onfh aqG;aEG;r_rsm;udk wd;k csŒJ &ef/ trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;ESihf 'Dru kd a&pDpepfjyefvnfwnf
axmifEikd af &;&nfreS ;f csurf sm;jzifh ppfreS +f yD; cdik rf monfah wGŒqHak qG;aEG;yGw J iG f Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf
wdik ;f &if;om;tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;rS acgi;f aqmifrsm;tm;vH;k yg0ifr&_ adS p&ef/ Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf tpd;k
&r[kwaf omtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;. vGwv f yfpmG v_y&f mS ;aqmif&u G Ef ikd cf iG u
hf t
kd mrcH&ef jrefrmtpd;k &udk
tjyif;txefwu kd w f eG ;f onf? xdt k ajctaewGif jynfo@l vw G af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD wnf&dS
aer_ukd *±kxm; todtrSwðf yonf?
( 2001 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv 24 &ufaeŒwGicf srw S of nfh urBmu h v k or*~taxGaxGnv D mcH
qH;k jzwfcsuf trSwf 56 /231 rS aumufEw k cf su)f

jrefrmEkid if w
H iG f 'Dru
kd a&pDjyefvnfxeG ;f um;vmap&efEiS hf 1990 jynfEh pS f a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd
tjrefq;Hk taumiftxnfazmfay;&ef jrefrmtpd;k &tm; jyif;xefpmG awmif;qkv d udk o
f nf// 'Dru
kd
a&pDEiS fh trsKd ;om;jyefvnf&if=um;apha&;udOk ;D wnfaprnfh a':atmifqef;pk=unftygt0if tjcm;
trdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm;ESifh awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;r_ukd aESmifah ES;=uef@=umatmif
69
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

ðyvkyaf er_uv kd nf; jyif;xefpmG ±_wcf svu dk o

f nf? xk@d tjyif awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;r_tqifu h kd apmEkid o
f r#
apmatmifvyk o f if+h yD; aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm;Y tjcm;Edik if aH &;orm;rsm;ESifh wkid ;f &if;om;tzGŒJ rsm;udk ud,
k f
pm;ðyonfh ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;udv k nf; zdwaf c:&rnf[k jrefrmtpd;k &tm; jyif;xefpmG awmif;qkd
vku
d of nf?
( 2002 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv 18 &ufaeŒwGicf srw S o
f nfh urBmu
h v
k or*~taxGaxGnv D mcH
qH;k jzwfcsuf trSwf 57 / 231 rS aumufEw k cf su)f

rSwyf w Hk ifcohJ nfh Ekid if aH &;ygwt D zGŒJ tpnf;aygi;f (235) zGŒJ teuf (93) zGŒJ a&G;aumufyw JG iG f
0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf =hJ uaomfvnf; tcsKd Œygwt D zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;udk e0w§etzrS ta=umif;trsKd ;rsKd ;jy
zsuo f rd ;f cJo
h jzifh ,cktcgEidk if aH &;ygwt D zGŒJ tpnf; (10) ckom atmufygtwdik ;f w&m;0if&yfwnf
cGi&hf adS wmhonf?
(1) trdsK;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
(2) &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
(3) wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G &f ;ygw?D
(4) jynfaxmifpyk tk0d t f rsKd ;om;tzGŒJ csKyf?
(5) &Sr;f jynfu;kd uef@'rD u dk &ufwpfygw?D
(6) òrd (ac: ) crDtrdsK;om;nDnw G af &;tzGŒJ ?
(7) vm;[ltrdsK;om;zGŒH òzd;wk;d wufa&;ygw?D
(8) ud;k uef@'rD u kd a&pDEiS n hf ! D w G af &;ygw?D
(9) jynfaxmifpk u&iftrsKd ;om;rsm;tzGŒJ csKyf?
(10) “0”trsKd ;om;zGŒH òzd;wd;k wufa&;ygw?D
vuf&w dS &m;0if&yfwnfv#u&f adS om Ekid if aH &;ygwt D zGŒJ tpnf; (10) zGŒJ udk ud, k pf m;ðyonfh
trsm;pk wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsd K;pktvdu k f cGjJ crf;pdwjf zmrnfqydk gu -
(1) jrefrm - 2 zGŒJ
(2) u&if - 1 zGŒJ
(3) òrd (ac: ) crD (&ckid jf ynf) - 1 zGŒJ
(4) &Sr;f - 6 zGŒJ æ jzpfa=umif;awGŒ&onf?
&Sr;f 6 zGŒJ wGif &Sr;f jynfvrl sd K;pk ud;k uef@w±kwv f rl sKd ;rsm;udk ESpzf ŒJG w&m;0if&yfwnfciG ahf y;xm;+y;D
yavmifvrl sKd ;pkygwu D kd zsuo f rd ;f ypfcahJ =umif;awGŒ&onf?
e0w§etzrS a&G;aumufy+JG y;D aemufyikd ;f wGif jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,tf rsm;tjym;
udk enf;rsKd ;pkjH zifh w&m;Oya'rJh xkwyf ,fjcif;/ Ekwx f uG af pjcif;/ zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;/ xde;f odr;f jcif;/
axmifcsjcif; wk@d uðkd yvkyv f mcJo h nf?
atmufazmfjyyg jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,(f 28) OD;rSm ,ckwidk f tusO;f axmifrsm;
twGi;f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHae&qJjzpfonf?
70
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

pOf trnf rJq ENe ,f Edki fi Ha &;yg wDt zGJ@ tpnf;

tif;awmf
1? OD;apmvd_if trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
ppfu dkif;wdkif;
wef@ qnf (2)
2? 'kw d,Adkv frª;}uD; ausmfqef; (+idr f;) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
ppfu dkif;wdkif;

3? a'gufw mjrifEh ikd f uef@ bvl (2) ppfu ifkd ;f wdik ;f trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

4? OD;wd;k ydk a&jzL weoFm&Dw ikd ;f trsdK;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

5? OD;tke;f armif anmifav;yif (1) yJcl;wdik ;f trsdK;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

6? OD;pd;k jrifh rif;bl; (1) rauG;wdik ;f trsdK;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

rE Wav;ta&SŒawmif (2)
7? OD;tkef;óudif (atmif0ifh) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
rE aW v;wdik ;f

8? a'gufw m aZmfjrifah rmif tr&yl& (1) rE aW v;wdifk ;f trsdK;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

9? OD;a,mpD ylw mtdk - ucsifjynfe,f trsdK;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

10? OD;Edik ;f Ekid ;f ykZGefawmif -&efuke fwifkd ;f trsdK;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

11? OD;pde v
f OS ;D tif;pdef(2) - &efuek w
f ikd ;f trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

12? a'gufw mar0if;jrifh r&ef;uke f;(2)-&efu kefwdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf

13? a'gufw moef;+idr f; ausmfwef;(1)-&efuke fwikd ;f trsdK;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

14? OD;cifarmifaqG prf;acsmif; - &efu kefwikd ;f trsdK;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

15? OD;ausmfcif awmif}uD; - &Srf;jynfe ,f trsdK;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

16? cGejf rifx

h eG ;f oxHk (1) - rGe fjynfe,f trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

17? OD;0if;jrifah tmif 'DyJ, if; (2)- ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f trsdK;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

18? a'gufw mrif;pd;k vif; a&;(1) - rGe fjynfe,f rGet

f rsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J

19? a'gufw mrif;=unf0if; rk'Hk (2) - rGe fjynfe,f rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdku a&pDtzGJŒ

rE Wav; taemufajrmuf
20? OD;wifatmifatmif trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
(1)/ rE aW v;wdik ;f
v,fa0; (1)
21? OD;wifx GËfOD; trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
rE aW v;wdik ;f
jrif;+cH (1)
22? Od;ay:cif trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
rE aW v;wdik ;f
ausmufy ef;awmif; (1)
23? OD;bdkZH trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
rE aW v;wdik ;f
uomòrdŒe,f
24? OD;jrifh=unf trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
ppfu dkif;wdkif;
rdk;ukwf (1)
25? a':arESif;=unf trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
rE aW v;wdik ;f
pOfhudkif (2)
26? a'gufw mvSpdk;!¸ef@ trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
rE aW v;wdik ;f
jrif;rl (1)
27? OD;bmwm trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
ppfu dkif;wdkif;

28? OD;ode;f ZH aumvif;òrdŒe,f trsdK;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

71
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

ppftm%m&Siv f ufatmuf rSeu

f efrr_ &So
d nfh Oya'a&;&mtpDtpOfEiS hf &ufpuf=urf;ñuwf
onfh w&m;pD&ifrp_ epf.om;aumiftjzpf uG,v f eG o
f mG ;cJ=h u&onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;
vS,f (3) OD;&Scd o
hJ nf?

(1) OD ; wif a rmif 0 if ;

&efuek wf idk ;f / c&rf;ðr@d e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. jynfo@l vw $ f
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,/f /
1990 jynfEh pS /f atmufwb kd mvwGif e-0-w. zrf;qD;jcif;cHc&hJ +yD;/ ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;
rsm;.n‡O;f yrf;ESyd pf ufra_ =umifh 1991 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v
D (18) &ufae@u tifped af xmifwiG ;f Y uG,v f eG f
cJo
h nf//

(2) OD;vSoef;
&efuek w
f idk ;f / ud;k ud;k u|e;f òrŒd e,f rJqENe,f/ trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKy.
f jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,
k pf m;vS,?f
OD;bbGm;aetdrEf iS hf rE aW v;taemufawmifðr@d e,f/ trdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfwiG ðf yvkyf
onfh ,m,Dtpd;k & zGŒJ pnf;a&; v#Kd Œ0Sut f pnf;ta0;rsm;od@k wufa&mufcrhJ [ _ t k a=umif;jyum 1990
jynfEh pS /f atmufwb dk mv (23) &ufae@wiG f e-0-wrS zrf;qD;cJ+h y;D 1991 ckEpS /f {+yv D wGif ppfc±Hk ;Hk wif
w&m;pGq J I dk tvky=f urf;ESihf axmif'%f (25)ESpf tjypfay;cHc&hJ onf// 1996 ckEpS /f ZGev f wGif &efuek f
jynfoŒl aq;±k}H uD;/ tusO;f om;aqmifwiG f aq;ukor_caH e&mrS 1996 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (2) &ufae@
wGif Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;b0jzifh ,if;aq;±kYH uG,v f eG cf o
hJ nf?

(3) OD ; apm0if ; (c) OD ; ausmf a Zmvif ;

rauG;wkid ;f / xD;vif;òrdŒe,f rJqENe,f/ trdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,/f /
- &efuek o
f v H #iwf wH m;pDruH ed ;f twGuf ysO;f rem;rS xkw, f x l m;aom opfrsm;tm;
pDruH ed ;f od@k o,fay;&ef ud, k pf m;vS,tf jzpf aqmif&u G af epOf opfay;oGi;f &efysuu f u
G o
f nf[q k udk m
e-0-wrS ‚if;tm; 1963 ckEpS /f trsm;ESio hf ufqidk af om ypPn;f umuG,af pmifah &Smufa&; Oya'/
yk'rf (3) jzifh zrf;qD;axmifcsxm;cJ&h mrS 1998 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (7)&ufae@wiG f om,m0wDaxmif
twGi;f Y uG,v f eG cf ohJ nf?

xk@d jyif e0w§etz. tusO;f axmif/ xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfah *[m) rsm;wGif zrf;qD;
xde;f odr;f cHc&hJ +yD;/ xde;f odr;f cH&pOf vkaH vmuf/ xda&mufonfah q;0g;ukor_rcHc&hJ I jyefvnfvw G f
ajrmuf+y;D r=umrD uG,v f eG of mG ;=uol jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;vnf;&So d nf?
&efuek w f idk ;f / xef;wyifòrdŒe,f rJqENe,frS trdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$wf
72
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

OD;at;omatmif
twGi;f a&;rª;
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,dk pf m;jyKaumfrwD

· pD tm yD yD &JŒ &nf&,G cf sufuawmh ESpcf suf&w dS ,f?

· v$waf wmfay:aygufa&;twGuf aqmif&u G rf ,f?
· v$waf wmf ray:aygufrD pyf-um;rSm v$waf wmfuo hJ Œkd aqmif±u
G rf ,f?
· 'Dwm0ef ESpfckaygh?
· 'Dwm0ef ESpfckudk pD tm yD yD taeeJŒ qufvufaqmif&GufrSmyg?

24=10=2002 &ufae‹ 'Drdku&ufwpfjrefrmhtoHESifhtifwmAsL; rS æ

awmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;wifuu kd kd rSm xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; (etz tac:{nfah *[m) rS jyefvw G v
f m+y;D
aetdrw f iG f aq;ukoae&mrS 1999 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae@wiG u f ,G v
f eG cf ohJ nf?
{&m0wDwidk ;f / ykord t f aemufòrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)rS trdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy.
f
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;ausmrf if; (Adou k m) rSmtusO;f axmifrv S w
G af jrmufvmjyD;
&efuek jf ynfoŒl aq;±k}H u;D wGif aq;ukor_caH e&mrS 1999 ckEpS /f Zlvidk v f (1) &ufae@wiG f aq;&kaH y: Y
1996 ckEpS /f arvrS 1998 ckEpS /f arv txd tif;pdeaf xmifwiG f tusO;f usc&H pOfu ul;pufco hJ nfh
tonf;a&mif tom;0g (bD) a&m*gjzifu h , G vf eG cf o hJ nf//
rauG;wkid ;f / apwkw&W mòrŒd e,f rJqENe,frS trdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKy.
f jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,
k pf m;vS,f OD;tH=h unfrmS 1998 ckEpS x f wJ iG f trSwf (15) axmufvrS ;f a&;wyfrS acsmufòrd@
xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; (etz tac: {nfah *[m) wGif ac:,lxed ;f odr;f xm;&m use;f rma&;ðypkapmifh
a&Smufrn _ zhH si;f vSI use;f rma&;tajctae,d, dk iG ;f vmojzifh 1999 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v fD (17) &uf
ae@wGif jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufcJhrS aetdrfodk@jyefykd@cHcJh&+yD; r=umrD
apwkw&W mòrdŒaetdrw f iG f uG,v f eG of mG ;cJo
h nf?
73
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

ucsifjynfe,f
pOf trnf rJq ENe ,f tzGJ@ tpnf;
1? OD;wifjrifh umrdkif;òrd@e,fr JqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
2? OD;*sDabmifvSef; csDaAGòrd@e,frJqENe,f trsdk;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
3? ODrzef;qif ac:bl' Jòrd@ e,frJqENe ,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
4? OD;rkwfajrmfqef;acgif aqmhavmfòrd@e,frJqENe,f wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
5? OD;aZmftde f qGrfy &mbGrfòrd@e,fr JqENe,f ucsifjynftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef* &uf
6? OD;tif0rfcrfaZmfaxmf12 wEdkif;òrd@e,fr JqENe ,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
7? OD;trfqifqm;&f aemifrGefòrd@e,fr JqENe ,f wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
8? OD;a,mpD ylwmtdkòrd@e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
9? OD;ykaxG;(c) Aef;armf!dkE GJ@ Aef;armfòrd@ e,frJqENe ,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
10? OD;jrarmif jrpf}uD;em;òrd@e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
11? OD;OD;Aspfwl; jrpf}uD;em;òrd@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)? ucsifjynfe ,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGefu&uf
12? OD;xGe f;=unf rdk;aumif;òrd@e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
13? OD;ausmfarmif rdk;!Sif;òrd@e,fr JqENe ,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
14? OD;=umjr rdk;!Sif;òrd@e,fr JqENe ,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
15? OD;aomif;aiG rdk;armufòrd@ e,frJqENe ,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
16? OD;a*stefaemfvm rHp Dòrd@e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
17? OD;tifeef;*ef rcsrf;abmòrd@e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
18? a':pdefwif a&$ulòrd@e,fr JqENe ,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
19? 'l0 gOD;aZmfatmif 0dkif;armfòrd@e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

u,m;jynfe,f
pOf trnf rJq ENe ,f tzGJ@ tpnf;
1? OD;cifarmifcsdK 'Darmqd;k òrd@e,frq
J ENe,ftrSwf(1) u,m;jynfe,fvrl sdK;aygif;pH'k rD u
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
2? OD;Apfwmav; 'Darmqd;k òrd@e,frq
J ENe,ftrSwf(2) u,m;jynfe,fvrl sdK;aygif;pH'k rD u
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
3? OD;apmOD;&,f z±lqòkd rd@e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
4? OD;apmwm±l;xl; zmaqmif;òrd@ e,frq
J ENe,f wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
5? OD;atmifodef; abmvcJòrd@ e,frJqENe,f wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
6? OD;atmifwif &Sm;awmòrd@e,frq
J ENe,f trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
7? OD;bd;k oif; vGKd ifaumfòrd@e,frq
J ENe,f trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
8? OD;w,f&D;bl;&D vGKd ifaumfòrd@e,frq
J ENe,f trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

74
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

pOf trnf
1? OD;ref;òrdifat;
2? OD;Edik af omif;&Sif
3? OD;vSarmif
4? OD;usifoed ;f
5? OD;atmifoef;
6? OD;bat;
7? OD;apmcspfo ef;
8? OD;xGe f;cspf
9? eef;cifaxG;jrifh
10? OD;pde fA dkvf
11? OD;apmxGe;f az
12? OD;apmxGe;f vGif
13? OD' tm&fy Daomif;
14? OD;apmApfwmuvdu
k f
u&ifjynfe,f
rJq ENe ,f tzGJ@ tpnf;
aumhu&dwfòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSw f(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
aumhu&dwfòrd@ e,fr q
J ENe ,ftrSwf(2) rGe t
f rsdK;om;'Dr u
kd a&pDtzG@J
=umtif;qdy }f uD;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) rsdK;cspf&aJ bmfa[mif;rsm;tzG@J
=umtif;qdy }f uD;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
zmyGefòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw f(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
zmyGe òf rd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;'Dr u
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
bm;tHòrd@ e,fr JqENe ,fr Swf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
bm;tHòrd@ e,fr JqENe ,fr Swf(2) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
bm;tHòrd@ e,fr q
J ENE ,ftrSwf(3) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
jr0wDòrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
v_id ;f bGòJ rd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSw(f 1) u&ifjynfe ,ftrsdK;om;tzG@J csKyf
v_id ;f bGòJ rd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSw(f 2) u&ifjynfe ,ftrsdK;om;tzG@J csKyf
oHawmifòrd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSw(f 2) u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm;pnf;vH;k nD!Gwfa&;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J
oHawmifòrd@ e,fr q
J ENe ,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dr u
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

csif;jynfe,f
pOf trnf rJqENe ,f tzGJ@ tpnf;
1? OD;vde;f [m uefyufvufòrd@e,frJqENe,f wdikd ;f &if;om;pD;vH;k nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
2? OD;iifx
h ef wD;wdeòf rd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
3? OD;yl;usif&h iS ;f xef wD;wdefòrd@e,frq
J ENe,ftrSwf(2) Zdrk ;D trsdK;om;ud*k &uf
4? OD;wmxefvsef;aygif wGef;ZHòrd@ e,frJqENe,f Zdrk ;D trsdK;om;ud*k &uf
5? a'gufwmr_xef xefwvefòrd@e,frJqENe,f woD;yk*~v
6? OD;ausmfxGef; yvuf0òrd@ e,frq
J ENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
7? OD;axG;atmif yvuf0òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
8? OD;pDauwdu
k u
f v
JG f zvrf;òrd@e,frq
J ENe,ftrSwf(1) csif;trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
9? a'gufwmZvS,fxef; zvrf;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) csif;trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
10? OD;±kdtkyf rwlyDòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) r&mjynfol@ ygwD(r-y-y)
11? OD;a&$xef; rwlyòD rd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
12? OD;&Sed af zvde;f rif;wyfòrd@e,frJqENe,f csif;trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
13? OD;v#eftyk f [m;cg;òrd@e,frJqENe,f woD;yk*~v

75
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f
pOf trnf rJq ENe ,f tzGJ@ tpnf;
1? OD;cifarmifoef; ueDòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
2? OD;oef@Zif ueDòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
3? OD;'dkaxmif; uav;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
4? OD;odef;0if; uav;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
5? OD;wifarmif uav;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
6? OD;jrifh=unf uomòrd@e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
7? OD;odef;ZH aumvif;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
8? OD;odef;az uef@bvlòrd@ e,frq
J ENe,ftrSwf(2) woD;yk*~v
9? OD;jrifhEdkif uef@bvlòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
10? OD;}uD;armif u|ef;vSòrd@ e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
11? OD;cifarmifodef; cifOD;rJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
12? OD;aomif;jrifh cifOD;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
13? OD;tH=unf acsmif;OD;òrd@e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
14? a':q,fq,f cEDW;òrd@ e,frqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
15? OD;cspfcdkif igef;ZGefòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
16? OD;csdKv_dif igef;ZGefòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
17? OD;pdk;odef; ppfudkif;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
18? OD;cifarmifaqG ppfudkif;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
19? OD;cifarmif=unf qm;vif;}uD;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
20? OD;pdef&H qm;vif;}uD;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
21? OD;axmifcdkxef; wrl;òrd@e,frJqENe,f jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
22? OD;ausmfqef; wef@qnfòrd@ e,frJENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
23? OD;azoef; wef@qnfòrd@ e,frJENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
24? OD;ausmf0if; xD;csdKifhòrd@e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
25? OD;bdkarmif 'DyJ,if;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
26? OD;0if;jrifhatmif 'DyJ,if;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
27? OD;ausmfarmif eef;,Gef;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!w
G af &;ygwD
28? OD;oef;pdef ykvJòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
29? a'gufwmwifhaqG ykvJòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
30? OD;jrat; yif;vnfbl;òrd@e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
31? OD;atmifaomif; azmif;jyifòrd@e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
32? OD;b+idrf; Aef;armufòrd@ e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
33? OD;[Homjrifh bkwvifòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
34? OD;cifarmifat; bkwvifòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
35? OD;=unfpdk; rHk&Gmòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

76
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

36? OD;apmatmif rHk&Gmòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

37? OD;bdk rif;uif;òrd@e,frJENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
38? OD;bmbm jrif;rlòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
39? OD;wifaiG jrif;rlòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
40? OD;0if;&Sdef ajrmifòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) woD;yk*~v
41? OD;rif;oGif ajrmifòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
42? OD;wifarmif0if; armfvdkufòrd@e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
43? OD;Adkvfaomif; ,if;rmyifòrd@,fe,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
44? OD;wifxGef;atmif ,if;rmyifòrd@,fe,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
45? OD;oef;atmifaX; a&OD;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
46? OD;0if;udk a&OD;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
47? OD;atmifbdk a&$bdkòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
48? OD;oef;xGef; a&$bdkòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
49? OD;cydk;udkifvHk v[,fòrd@e,frJqENe,f em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwD
50? OD;a'G;aygh av&SD;òrd@e,frJqENe,f em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwD
51? OD;xGef;òrdif 0ufvufòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
52? a':cifpef;v_dif 0ufvufòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
53? OD;atmifcif(a'gufwmatmifcif) 0ef;odkòrd@e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
54? OD;tkef;óudif [krRvif;òrd@e,frJqqWENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
55? OD;vSodef; [krRvif;òrd@e,frJqqWENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
56? OD;aZmf0if; t&mawmfòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
57? OD;Av t&mawmfòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
58? OD;apmv_dif tif;awmfòrd@ e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

77
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

weoFm&Dwikd ;f
pOf trnf rJq ENe ,f tzGJ@ tpnf;
1? OD;vSrif;qpwieur aumhaomif;òrd@ e,fr q
J ENe ,f trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
2? OD;cifarmifO;D u|ef;pkòrd@ e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
3? OD;0if;OD; weoFm&Dòrd@e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
4? OD;pd;k !Ge f@ xm;0,fòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
5? OD;rsdK;atmif xm;0,fòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
6? OD;=unfa&$ ykavmòrd@ e,frq
J ENe,f trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
7? OD;tke;f jrifh bkwjf yif;òrd@e,frq
J ENe,f trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
8? OD;ausmf& Sdef +rdwfòrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
9? OD;^m%fat; +rdwòf rd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
10? OD;wd;k ydk a&jzLòrd@e,frq
J ENe,f trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
11? OD;vSaz avmif;vHòk rd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
12? OD;csde[
f if; avmif;vHòk rd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
13? OD;wifjrifh o&ufacsmif;òrd@e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

yJc;l wdik ;f
pOf trnf rJq ENe ,f tzGJ@ tpnf;
1? OD;rsdK;0if; u0òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
2? OD;jrav; u0òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
3? OD;vSOD; ausmufwHcg;òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
4? OD;armifarmif}uD; ausmufwHcg;òrd@e,frJqNe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
5? OD;at;jrifh óud@yifaumufòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
6? OD;at; óud@yifaumufòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
7? OD;xGe f;OD; ausmuf}uD;òrd@e,frJqENe ,f trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
8? OD;pHwif ZD;ukef;òrd@ e,fr JqENe ,f trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
9? OD;tke f;armif anmifav;yifòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
10? OD;xGe f;ºuG,f anmifav;yifòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
11? OD;atmifp dk;jrifh awmifilòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
12? OD;!Ge f@a0 awmifilòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
13? OD;cspfarmif xef;wyifòrd@ e,fr JqENe,f trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
14? OD;xGÉf 'dkufOD;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
15? OD;pdefxGef; 'dkufOD;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf

78
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

16? OD;tke f;aiG ewfwvif;òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf

17? OD;apmpdefxGe f; ewfwvif;òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
18? OD;pdk;0if; yJcl;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
19? OD;jrwfvS yJcl;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) yJcl;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
20? Adv
k rf ;ª }uD;armiftek ;f (+idrf;) jynfòrd@ e,fr q
J ENe ,ftrSwf(1) wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
21? OD;aomif;pdef jynfòrd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
22? OD;wiftke f; yef;awmif;òrd@ e,fr JqENtrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
23? OD;ode f;[H yef;awmif;òrd@ e,fr JqENtrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
24? a'gufwmpdef0if; aygufacgif;òrd@ e,fr JqENe,f trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDygwD
25? OD;tke f;Edkif aygif;wnfòrd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
26? OD;at;oef; aygif;wnfòrd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
27? OD;atmifoef; jzL;òrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
28? OD;pdk;jrihf jzL;òrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
29? OD;wifhvGif rif;vSòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
30? a':vSvSrdk; rif;vSòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
31? OD;vSatmif rdk!dkòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
32? OD;xGe f;a&$ rdk;!dkòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
33? OD;ausmfausmf a&wm&Snfòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
34? OD;xGe f;atmif a&wm&Snfòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
35? OD;pdk;vGif a&$usifòrd@ e,fr JqENe,f trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
36? OD;oef;ºuG,f a&$awmifòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
37? OD;ydkufòcH a&$awmifòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
38? OD;atmifjrifh vufyHwef;òrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
39? OD;!Ge f@at; vufyHwef;òrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
40? OD;wifa&$ a0gòrd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
41 OD;pdk;odef; a0gòrd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
42? OD;at;ode f; oeyfyifòrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
43? OD;aX;ode f; oeyfyifòrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
44? OD;at; oJukef;òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
45? OD;ode f;xGef; oJukef;òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
46? OD;pH0if; om,m0wDòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
47? OD;armifat; om,m0wDòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
48? OD;wifOD; tkwfzdkòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
49? OD;omarmif tkwfzdkòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
50? OD;ode f;OD; tkwfwGif;òrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
51? OD;cifarmif0if; tkwfwGif;òrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf

79
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

rauG;wdik ;f
p Of trn f r Jq E Ne , f t z GJ@ t p n f;
1? OD;jrifha t mif u Hr òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , f t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
2? OD;jrifho de f; acsmu fò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
3? OD;! Ge f@ pde f acsmu fò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
4? OD;at mifx l; *ef@ a*: òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , f t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
5? OD;=u n fv Gi f izJò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , f t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
6? OD;w m pv if; òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
7? OD;u HO D; pv if; òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
8? OD;t Hh= u n f apw kw W& mòrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , f t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
9? OD;[ efaZmf qifaygif0 Jò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , f t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
10? OD;pdk; 0if; qdy fj zLòrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , f t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
11? OD;au smfw if aqmòrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , f t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
12? OD;o de f;=u n f aw mifw Gif; }u D; òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
13? OD;o ef;Edki f aw mifw Gif; }u D; òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
14? OD;apm0if;(c)OD;au smfa Zmv if; x D; v if;òrdŒ e, fr Jq ENe , f t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
15? OD;bdka x G; ew farmu fòrd@ e, fr Jdq ENe , ft rSw f( 1) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
16? OD;at mifjrifho de f; ew farmu fòrd@ e, fr Jdq ENe , ft rSw f( 2) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
17? OD;=u n fr if; ycku ULòrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
18? OD;v _di fa t ; ycku ULòrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
19? OD;au smf& Si f; yGi fhj zLòrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
20? OD;at mifr dk;! dk yGi fhj zLòrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
21? OD;cifa rmif= u n f aygu fò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
22? OD;at mifE dkifO D; aygu fò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
23? OD;au smfj rifh rau G; òrd@ emfr Jq ENe , ft rSw f(1) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
24? OD;at mifp dk; rau G; òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
25? OD;o mat mif òrd@ o pfò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
26? OD;cspfa x G; òrd@ o pfò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
27? OD;x Ge f;0if; rif;w ke f;òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , f t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
28? OD;pdk; jrifh rif;bl; òrd@ e, fr rJq ENe , ft rSw f( 1) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
29? OD;v Sp dk; rif;bl; òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f(2) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
30? OD;cspfw if rif;v Sò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , f t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
31? OD;at mifq ef;jrifh òrdi fò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
32? OD;jrifha t mif òrdi fò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
33? OD;armfe D a&póu dò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
34? OD;w ifa rmif a&póu dò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
35? o cifcif! Ge f@ a&eHa csmif;òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
36? OD;cifa u smf[ ef a&eHa csmif;òrd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
37? OD;cifa rmifo ef; o &u fò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , f t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
38? OD;! Ge f@ v _di f at mifv Hò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 1) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf
39? OD;o de f;ZH at mifv Hò rd@ e, fr Jq ENe , ft rSw f( 2) t rsdK;o m;'Dr dku a&pDt zGJ@ csKyf

80
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

rEWav;wkid ;f
pOf trnf rJq ENe ,f tzGJ@ tpnf;
1? OD;atmifausmfO;D ausmufqnfòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
2? OD;ausmf0if; ausmfqnfòrd@ e,fe,frq
J ENe,ftwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
3? OD;bdZk H ausmufy ef;awmif;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
4? OD;aiGxGe f; ausmufy ef;awmif;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
5? OD;apmaX; pOfu
h òl rd@ e,frJqENe ,f trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
6? OD;pdk;jrifh pOfhudkifòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
7? OD;om!Gef@ pOfhudkifòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
8? OD;csdK anmifOD;òrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
9? OD;azwif anmifO;D òrd@ e,frq
J ENe ,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
10? OD;{&m wHwm;OD;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
11? OD;oef;eD wHwm;OD;òrd@ e,frq
J ENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
12? OD;0rf;armif wyfuek ;f òrd@ e,fr q
J ENe,ftrSwf((1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
13? OD;0if;v_id f wyfukef;òrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
14? OD;cspfcidk f awmifomòrd@ e,frq
J ENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
15? OD;oef;xGef; awmifomòrd@ e,frq
J ENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
16? OD;yef;om EGm;xd;k }uD;òrd@ e,frq
J ENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
17? OD;pdrf;armif EGm;xd;k }uD;òrd@ e,frq
J ENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
18? OD;qef;!Gef@ a0 ykodr f}uD;òrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
19? OD;pHvSabmf ykodr f}uD;òrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
20? OD;wifv
h iG f ysOf;rem;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
21? OD;ausmf ysOf;rem;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
22? OD;cifarmif!kd aysmfb,
G òf rd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
23? OD;vSaz aysmfb,
G òf rd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
24? OD;apma&$ rv_ikd òf rd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
25? OD;armifarmifjrifh rv_ikd òf rd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
26? OD;vSapmOD; jyifOD;vGiòf rd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
27? OD;yDwmvif;yif jyifOD;vGiòf rd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
28? a':arESif;=unf rdk;ukwfòrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
29? OD;bdv
k w
S ifh rd;k ukwfòrd@ e,frq
J ENe ,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
30? OD;atmifa0 rwW& mòrd@ e,fr q
J ENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
31? OD;oef;vGif rwW& mòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
32? OD;armifarmifjrifh rdxv
DW mòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
33? OD;odef;vGif rdxv
DW mòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

81
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

34? OD;pd;k vif; rE aW v;taemufawmifòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;'Dru

35? OD;odef;OD;
36? OD;wifatmifatmif
37? OD;atmifp;kd
38? OD;xifausmf
39? OD;tkef;óudif(atmif0ifh)
40? OD;armifarmifat;
41? OD;wifat;
42? OD;ay:cif
43? OD;armifarmif0if;
44? a':tke f;=unf
45? OD;rsdK;jrifh
46? OD;armifarmifjrifh
47? OD;armifarmifoef;
48? OD;wifxËG Of ;D
49? OD;nDnDxGef;
50? OD;aomif;wif
51? OD;vSatmif
52? OD;armf
53? OD;odef;armif
54? OD;armifarmifav;
55? OD;aZmfjrifharmif
56? OD;bbGm;
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
rE aW v;taemufawmifòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
rE Wav;taemufajrmufòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
rE aW v;taemufajrmufòrd@ e,frq
J ENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
rE Wav;ta&S@ awmifòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
rE Wav;ta&S@ awmifòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
crREav;ta&@ajrmufòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
crREav;ta&@ajrmufòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
jrif;+cHòrd@e,frq
J ENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
jrif;+cHòrd@e,frq
J ENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
jrpfom;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
jrpfom;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
&rnf;oif;òrd@ e,fr q
J ENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
&rnf;oif;òrd@ e,fr q
J ENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
v,fa0;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
v,fa0;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
0rf;wGif;òrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
0rf;wGi;f òrd@ e,frq
J ENe ,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
oydwfusif;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
ompnfòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
ompnfòrd@ e,fr q
J ENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
tr&yl&òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
tr&yl&òrd@ e,frq
J ENe,ftrSwf(2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

pOf trnf
1? OD;&JxGÉf
2? a'gufw mat;ZH
3? OD;jrifhode f;
4? Edkifcifarmif
5? OD;atmif=unf! Gef@
6? a':cif;aX;ºuG,f
7? OD;^m%f0 if;
8? OD;aomif;!Gef@
9? OD;armifarmifv wf
rGejf ynfe,f
rJq E Ne ,f
usdKufxdkòrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
usdKufxdkòrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
usdKufra&mòrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw f(1)
usdKufra&mòrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw (2)
acsmif;qHkòrd@,fe ,frJqENe ,ftrSw f(1)
acsmif;qHkòrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
aygifòrd@e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(1)
aygifòrd@e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(2)
bD;vif;òrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSw f(1)
tzGJ@ tpnf;
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf

82
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

10? OD;armifarmif bD;vif;òrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSw f(2) trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf

11? a':wifapmOD;
12? a'gufw mrif;=unf0 if;
13? OD;vGe f;wif
14? OD;csrf;at;
15? a'gufr if;pdk;vif;
16? a'gufw m=uifo def;
17? OD;cGe fjrifhxGe f;
18? OD;oef;armif
19? OD;armifarmif}uD;
20? EdkifxGe f;ode f;
rk' Hkòrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw f(1)
rk' Hkòrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw f(2)
armfvòrdifòrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
armfvòrdifòrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(2)
a&;òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSw f(1)
a&;òrd@ e,frjqENe ,ftrSw f(2)
oxHkòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSw f(1)
oxHkòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSw f(2)
oHjzLZ&yfòrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw f(1)
oHjzLZ&yfòrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw f(2)
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
rGe ftrsdK;om;'Dr dku a&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
trsdK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

pOf trnf
1? a'gufwmxGe;f at;
2? OD;pHomatmif
3? OD;qef;armif
4? OD;wif}uD;
5? OD;nDyk
6? OD;a&$,
7? OD;pHxeG ;f (c)vljzL
8? OD;ausmfcikd f
9? OD;boef;
10? OD;apmxGe;f pdef
11? OD;atmifxeG ;f pdef
12? OD;ausmfrif;
13? OD;wifarmif(c)Ek&t
f mruf
14? OD;armifjrifh
15? OD;xGef;0if;
16? OD;tDjAm[de;f (c)cspfviG f
17? OD;aZmftmarmuf
18? OD;odef;armif
19? OD;jzLpdefOD;
&cdik jf ynfe,f
rJq ENe ,f tzGJ@ tpnf;
ausmufawmfòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) &cdik 'f rD u
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
ausmufawmfòrd@ e,frq
J ENe,ftrSwf(2) òrd(c)crD trsdK;om;nD!w
G af &;tzG@J
ausmufjzLòrd@ e,frq
J ENe ,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
ausmufjzLòrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
*Gòrd@ e,fr JqENe,f trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
ppfawGòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
ppfawGòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
awmifukwfòrd@ e,frq
J ENe,f trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
aygufawmòrd@ e,fr q
J ENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
aygufawmfòrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
ykÀm;u|ef;òrd@e,frq
J ENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
bl;oD;awmifòrd@ e,frq
J ENe ,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;vl@ tcGiahf &;'Dru
kd &ufwpfygwD
bl;oD;awmifòrd@ e,frq
J ENe ,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;vl@ tcGiahf &;'Dru
kd &ufwpfygwD
rif;jym;òrd@ e,fr q
J ENe,ftrSwf(1) &cdik 'f rD u
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
rif;jym;òrd@ e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(2) &cdkif' Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
armifawmòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) trsdK;om;vl@ tcGit
hf a&;'Dru
kd &ufwpfygwD
armifawmòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trsdK;om;vl@ tcGit
hf a&;'Dru
kd &ufwpfygwD
rmefatmifòrd@ e,frJqENe ,f trsdK;om;'Drakd &pDtzG@J csKyf
ajryHòrd@ e,frJqENe,f &cdkif' Drdka&pDtzGJ@ csKyf

83
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

20? OD;apmr&atmif ajrmufOD;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

21? OD;atmifZHvS ajrmufOD;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
22? OD;armifºuGif;atmif &aohawmifòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
23? OD;omEdk; &aohawmifòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
24? OD;jrarmif &rf;+AJòrd@ e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
25? OD;xGef;&D oHwGJòrd@ e,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
26? OD;ae0if; trf;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

&efuek w
f ikd ;f
pOf trnf rJq ENe ,f tzGJ@ tpnf;
1? OD;0ef (rif;ok0%f) urm&Gwfòrd@e,fr JqENe,f trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
2? OD;baqG (ajrmif;jrbaqG) aumhr ;ª òrd@ e,frq
J ENe ,f trdsK;om;'Dr u
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
3? OD;wifp ;kd ausmufww
H m;òrd@e,fr q
J ENe,f trdsK;om;'Dr u
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
4? OD;oef;+idr f; ausmufwef;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) trdsK;om;'Dr u
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
5? OD;pd;k !Gef@ ausmufwef;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trdsK;om;'Dr u
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
6? OD;xGe f; =unfhjrifwdkifòrd@e,frJqENe ,f trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
7? OD;,k* ef uGrf;+cHuke f;òrd@e,frJqENe ,f trdsK;om;'Dr u
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
8? OD;vSoef; udu
k ;kd u|ef;òrd@ e,frJqENe ,f trdsK;om;'Dr u
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
9? OD;ausmfoGif c&rf;òrd@e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(f 1) trdsK;om;'Dr u
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
10? OD;wifarmif0if; c&rf;òrd@e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trdsK;om;'Dr u
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
11? OD;cifarmifaqG prf;acsmif;òrd@e,fr JqENe ,f trdsK;om;'Dr u
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
12? a':pef;pef; qdyfurf;òrd@e,fr q
J ENe,f trdsK;om;'Dr u
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
13? OD;pdef0 if; qdyf}uD;§caemifwòkd rd@e,fr JqENe ,f trdsK;om;'Dr u
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
14? OD;vSodef; wmarGòrd@e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
15? OD;ode f;jrifh wmarGòrd@e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trdsK;om;'Dr u
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
16? OD;omqdkif wGHaw;òrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
17? OD;jrv_dif wGHaw;òrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(2) trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
18? OD;vSxGef; wdkuf}uD;òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
19? a':a&GularESif; wdkuf}uD;òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2) trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
20? OD;pdk;jrifh (ocifpdk;jrifh) awmifOuUvmyòrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
21? OD;cifarmifausmf awmifOuUvmyòrd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(2) trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
22? OD;wifuu
kd kd xef;wyifòrd@e,fr q
J ENe,f trdsK;om;'Dr u
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
23? OD;atmifaZmf '*Hkòrd@ e,frJqENe ,f trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
24? OD;xGe f;tke f; '*Hkòrd@ opfòrd@e,fr JqENe,f trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
25? OD;pdef0 if; 'vòrd@e,frJqENe ,f trdsK;om;'Dr dkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf

84
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

26? OD;jrarmif a'gyHkòrd@e,frJqENe,f trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

27? OD;Edkif;Edkif; ykZGefawmifòrd@e,frJqENe,f trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
28? OD;armifatmif yef;bJwef;òrd@e,frJqENe,f 'Drdku&ufwpfwuUodkvfbGJ@&Sifhausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@
29? OD;xGef;v_dif A[ef;òrd@e,frJENe,ftrSwf(1) trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@
30? OD;=unfarmif A[ef;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
31? OD;armifarmifausmf Adkvfwaxmifòrd@e,frJqENe,f trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
32? OD;atmifa&$ r&rf;ukef;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
33? a':ar0if;jrihf r&rf;ukef;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSf(2) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
34? OD;atmifcifqifh r*Fvmawmif!Gef@òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
35? OD;oef;atmif r*Fvm'Hkòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
36? OD;=unf0if; r*Fvm'Hk!Gef@òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
37? OD;wifxGef;armif r*Fvm'Hkòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
38? OD;oef;0if; armufOuUvmyòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
39? OD;ausmf!Gef@ ajrmufOuUvmyòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
40? OD;pdk arSmbDòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
41? OD;cifarmifxGef; arSmfbDòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
42? a':cifat;jrifh &efuif;òrd@e,frJqENe,f trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
43? OD;pdefvGif a&Gjynfomòrd@rJqENe,f trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
44? OD;=unfjrifh vomòrd@e,frq
J ENe,f trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
45? OD;a&$ (c) Adkvfrª;}uD;armifa&$ (+idrf;) v_difòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
46? OD;apmjrodef; v_difòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
47? OD;oef;ºuG,f v_difom,mòrd@e,frJqENe,f trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
48? OD;apmausmfpdef vSnf;ul;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
49? OD;pHwif vSnf;ul;òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
50? OD;aeOD; vrf;rawmfòrd@ e,frJqENe,f trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
51? OD;v_difeD(c)OD;armifarmifvwf omauwòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
52? OD;tkef;jrifh omauwòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
53? OD;odef;!¸ef@ oCFef;u|ef;òrdŒe,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
54? OD;jrifhodef; oCFef;u|ef;òrdŒe,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
55? OD;vGif(c)'kAdkvfrª;}uD;armifvGif(+idrf;) oHk;cGòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
56? OD;ausmfjrifh oHk;cGòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
57? a'gufwm0if;Edkif oHv#ifòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
58? OD;oef;0if; oHv#ifòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
59? a':pef;pef;0if; tvHkòrdŒe,frJqENe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
60? OD;xGef;v_dif tif;pdefòrdŒe,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
61? OD;pdefvSOD; tif;pdefòrdŒe,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

85

&Sr;f jynfe,f
pOf trnf rJq ENe ,f
1? OD;jrifhoef; uavmòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
2? OD;pdkif;vdyf uGef[def;òrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
3? OD;xGe;f wif aus;oD;òrd@e,fr q
J ENe ,f
4? OD;cGefqdkif uGwfcdkifòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
5? OD;tdkuf& D uGwfcdkifòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
6? OD;vSaz ausmufròJ rd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSw(f 1)
7? OD;pdik ;f aqmifqD ausmufròJ rd@e,fr JqENe ,ftrSw(f 2)
8? OD;&ef;usif;armf uGrf;vHòk rd@e,frJqENe,f
9? OD;pkdkif;vHkausmuf usKdif;wHkòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
10? OD;pdkif;&Dwpf(yf) usdKif;wHkòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
11? OD;pdef;0if; qDqdkifòrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
12? a'gufwmOD;v_dif anmifa&$òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
13? OD;tkef;armif anmifa&$òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
14? OD;ausmfcif awmif}uD;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
15? OD;cGefazaxG; awmif}uD;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
16? OD;cGef}uD; wef@ ,ef;òrd@ e,frrJqENe ,ftrSwf(1)
17? OD;xGef;bm wef@ ,ef;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
18? OD;pdkif;pGHqdkif; wmcsDvdwfòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
19? OD;pdkif;wif0if; erfhpefòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
20? OD;xGef;ausmf erfhqefòrd@ e,frrJqENe,f
21? OD;pdik ;f omat; erfch rf;òrd@e,frJqENe ,f
22? OD;xGef;atmif aemifcsdKòrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
23? a':aròzd; erRwlòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
24? OD;atmifoef; yif;w,òrd@ e,frJqENe,f
25? OD;armif}uD; yifavmif;òrd@ e,frJqENde,trSwf(1)
26? OD;pyfomwifh yifavmif;òrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2)
27? cGef;rm;&fudkbef z,fcHkòrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
28? OD;cGefyGifh rdk;rJòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
29? OD;pdik ;f tGwf armufr,fòrd@e,frq
J ENe,f
30? OD;pdik ;f rd;k =unf rdik ;f yefòrd@d e,frq
J ENe ,f
31? OD;pdik ;f tGrf rdik ;f yefòrd@e,frJqENe ,f
32? OD;pdik ;f 0if;az rdik ;f &SL;òrd@ e,frq
J ENe,f
33? OD;vS'if rdkif;&,fòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
34? OD;pdik ;f vSaz rlq,fòrd@ e,frqENe,ftrSwf(1)
86
jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
tzGJ@ tpnf;
jynfaxmifpk"EktrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Dudkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
&Sr ;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
watmif;(yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
&Sr f;wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
&Sr f;wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
&Sr f;jynfu;kd uef@'Dru
kd &ufwpfygwD
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
jynfaxmifpkytdk@ yftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
watmif;(yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
&Sr f;wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
jynfaxmifpkytdk@ ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@ csKyf
&Sr f;wdik ;f &if;om;trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
u,ef;trsdK;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
&Sr ;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru
kd a&pdtzG@J csKyf
&Sr ;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
&Sr f;wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
&Sr ;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;o;rsm;'rdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf
&Sr ;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
35? OD;pdkif;armifav;
36? OD;tkef;armif
37? OD;cspfcif
38? OD;',fe&D ,fatmif
39? OD;pdkif;EGHwpf(yf)
40? OD;pdkif;&SJe favG
41? OD;pdik ;f ausmfped f
42? OD;qef;0kef;
43? OD;pdkif;xGef;atmif
44? OD;pdkif;EGJ@
45? OD;atmifodef;
46? OD;vS&Sdef
47? OD;pdkif;xGef;ausmf
48? OD;omxGef;jr
49? OD;pdkif;xGef;atmif
50? OD;pdkif;jrifharmif
51? OD;oef;aX;
52? OD;pdik ;f xGef;vl
53? OD;cGefxGef;OD;
54? OD;pdkif;atmifoef;
55? OD;pHvS
56? OD;cGefxGef;vl
rlq,fòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
rdk;rdwfòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
rbdrf;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f
rdik ;f ysif;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f
rdkif;,ef;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f
rdkif;cwfòrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
rdik ;f wHòk rd@e,fr JqENe ,f
rdkif;qwfòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
rdkif;a,mif;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f
rdkif;jzwfòrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
&GmiHòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
&yfapmufòrd@ e,frJqENe,f
vGdKifvifòrd@e,fr JqENe ,f
vJcsm;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f
vif;ac;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f
vm;&_d;òrd@e,fr JqENe,ftrSwf(1)
vm;&_d;òrd@e,fr JqENe,ftrSw(f 1)
odEòND rd@ e,frJqENe,f
oDaygòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
oDaygòrd@ e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
[dkyHk;òrd@ e,frJqENe,f
[dyk efòrd@ e,frq
J ENe,f
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
vm;[ltrsdK;om;zG@H òzd;wdu
k w
f ufa&;ygwD
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
&Sr f;wdik ;f &if;om;trsm;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
jynfaxmifpktrsdK;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDygwD
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
&Sr f;wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Drakd &pDtzG@J csKyf
&Sr f;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
trds K;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
jynfaxmifpkytdkyfh trsdK;om;tzGJ@ csKyf
wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
87
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

{&m0wDwikd ;f
pOf trnf rJq ENe ,f tzGJ@ tpnf;
1? OD;oef;wif usdKufvwfòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
2? OD;wif0if; usdKufvwfòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
3? OD;apmvGif ausmif;uke f;òrd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
4 OD;vS0 if; ausmif;uke f;òrd@ e,fr JqENe ,ftrSwf(2) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
5? OD;wif usHKaysmfòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
6? OD;ref;a*smfeD usHKaysmfòrd@e,frqENe,ftrSwf(2) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
7? OD;&Jjrifh }uHcif;òrd@e,frJqENe,f trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
8? OD;a';ApfvjS rifh iykawmòrd@e,frq
J ENe,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
9? OD;ppfwif iykawmòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
10? OD;ausmfjrifh ZvGe òf rd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw(f 1) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
11? Adv
k rf ;ª }uD;=unf0if;(+idr;f ) ZvGe òf rd@ e,frq
J ENe ,ftrSw(f 2) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
12? OD;atmifóudif anmifwek ;f òrd@e,fr q
J ENe,ftrSw(f 1) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
13? OD;omEd;k anmifwek ;f òrd@e,fr q
J ENe,ftrwf(2) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
14? OD;rsdK;!Ge@f a';'&Jòrd@e,frq
J ENe,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
15? OD;oef;xGef; a';'&Jòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
16? OD;0if;jrifh "EkjzLòrd@ e,fr q
J ENe ,ftrSw(f 1) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
17? OD;aomif;&D "EkjzLòrd@ e,fr q
J ENe ,ftrSw(f 2) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
18? OD;wifacsm ykord af emufòrd@ e,fr q
J ENe ,ftrSw(f 1) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
19? OD;ausmfrif; ykord af emufòrd@ e,fr q
J ENe ,ftrSw(f 2) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
20? OD;!Ge @f v_id f ykord af &S@ òrd@ e,frq
J ENe ,ftrSw(f 1) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
21? OD;vS=unf ykord af &S@ òrd@ e,frq
J ENe ,ftrSw(f 2) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
22? OD;wif;rif;xGÉf yef;waemfòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
23? OD;ref;!Gef@ ode ;f yef;waemfòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
24? OD;aomif;wif zsmyHòk rd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSw(f 1) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
25? OD;rif;aqG zsmyHòk rd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSw(f 2) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
26? OD;0if;óudif bdu
k av;òrd@e,fr q
J ENe ,ftrSw(f 1) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
27? a'gufwmpde jf rifh bdu
k av;òrd@e,fr q
J ENe ,ftrSw(f 2) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
28? OD;cspfoef; rtlyifòrd@e,frq
J ENe,ftrSwf(1) wdik ;f &if;om;pD;vH;k nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
29? OD;vSjrifh rtlyifòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
30? OD;vSaz armfvòrdifu|ef;òrd@ e,frJqENe ,ftrSw(f 1) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
31? OD;wifvS armfvòrdiu
f |ef;òrd@ e,frq
J ENe ,ftrSwf(2) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
32? OD;atmif=uif ajrmif;òrd@ e,frq
J ENe ,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

88
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

33? OD;pd;k rif; ajrmif;òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSw(f 2) trdsK;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
34? OD;wifO;D jrefatmifòrd@e,fr q
J ENe,ftrSw(f 1) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
35? OD;jrifo
h ed ;f jrefatmifòrd@e,fr q
J ENe,ftrSw(f 2) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
36? OD;!Gef@0if; a&=unfòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSw(f 1) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
37? OD;armifarmif a&=unfòrd@e,frq
J ENe ,ftrSwf(2) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
38? OD;=unf0 if; vyGwmW òrd@e,frq
J ENe ,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
39? OD;at;=uL vyGwWmòrd@e,frJqENtrSwf(2) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
40? OD;pDarmif av;rsufESmòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
41? OD;qef;jrifh av;rsufESmòrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(2) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
42? OD;wifatmif 0g;c,fr òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
43? Adkvfrª;}uD;oufa0(+idrf;) 0g;c,fr òrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
44? OD;vSjrifh omaygif;òrd@e,frJqENe ,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
45? OD;oef;0if; omaygif;òrd@e,frq
J ENe ,ftrSwf(2) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
46? OD;jroef; [oFwòrd@e,frq
J ENe,ftrSwf(1) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
47? a'gufwmaZmfjrifh [oFwòrd@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
48? OD;jr0if; t*Fyòl rd@e,fr q
J ENe,ftrSw(f 1) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
49? a'gufwmpef;atmif t*Fyòl rd@e,fr q
J ENe,ftrSw(f 2) woD;yk*v
~
50? OD;wifxÉG f tdr rf òJ rd@e,fr q
J ENe,ftrSw(f 1) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
51? OD;jrifah rmif tdr rf òJ rd@e,fr q
J ENe,ftrSw(f 2) trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

89
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

jy nf ol Œ v$ wf a w mf udk ,f p m ; ðy aumf r wD

tydik ;f
(2)
90
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990jynfhESpf / ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfholŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf (1)

ed'gef;
1? 1990 jynfEh pS af rvwGi/f jrefrmEdik if YH / ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu
JG kd usi;f ycJh
ygonf? tqdyk ga&G;aumufyo JG nf vGwv f yfI/ w&m;r#wonf[k urBm@Eikd if rH sm;ESihf jrefrmEdik if u
H yg
todtrSwðf y=uygonf?

2? jynfov l x
l uk vnf;/ Edik if aH &;ygwt
D oD;oD;rS/ jynfoŒl vGwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;
rsm;ud/k ‚if;wd@k . oabmqENt&“tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfov l xl x
k rH S qif;oufonf”
[laom 'Dru kd a&pDrt l &/ a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufc=hJ uygonf//

3? xd@k a=umifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH=u&onfh jynfo@l vw G af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;

onf jynfov l xl t
k ay:/ jynfov l xl Ek iS hf wdik ;f jynftwGuf tusK;d ðyvkyif ef;&yfrsm;ud/k jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfrwS qifah qmif&u G af y;=u&ef wm0ef&ydS gonf? xdw k m0eft& jynfoŒl vGwaf wmfukd ac:,l
&rnfjzpfygonf?

4? a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufc&H onfh jynfoŒl vGwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf/ jynfojl ynf

om;rsm;/ awGΗuHcpH m;ae&onfh Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &; tp&So d nfh taxGaxGtcuftcJ
rsm;udk ajz&Si;f ay;&ef wm0ef&ydS gonf? od@k aomf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya't& v$wf
awmfurkd q J ENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESit
hf nD a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufvu kd af om v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
rsm;jzifzh ŒJG pnf;&rnf[k jyÏmef;xm;ygaomfvnf;/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ay:ayguv f mjcif; r&Sad o;ay?

5? jynfov l xl .
k qENuakd z:xkww f ifjyEdik &f ef taumif;qH;k enf;vrf;rSm jynfov l x
l uk
a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufjf cif;cH&aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifzh ŒJG pnf;xm;aom v$waf wmfrS
wqifw h ifjyjcif; enf;vrf;yifjzpfygonf// ,cktcgwiG f v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t
f rsm;pkukd zrf;qD;
xdr;f odr;f xm;ojzif/h v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;. aqmif&u G yf ikd cf iG t
hf m%mudk tyfEiS ;f xm;jcif;
cH&onf/h txufygaumfrwDu v$waf wmfuu kd ,
kd pf m;ðyI vkyif ef;rsm;udak qmif&u G o
f mG ;&rnf jzpf
ygonf?
91
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

6? 1990 jynfEh pS f ygwpD 'kH rD u

kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG /f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;
vS,af ygi;f (485) OD; a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufcf =H u&ygonf/ ‚if;teuf (26) OD; uG,v f eG o
f mG ;=uojzifh
(459) OD; use&f ydS gonf// trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEiS hf rdwaf qGygwrD sm;. jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;rS aqmif&u G Ef ikd cf iG ahf y;xm;onfh ta&twGurf mS (251) OD; jzpfygojzifh jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m; w&m;0ifq;kH jzwfvyk u f ikd Ef idk cf iG &hf ydS gonf?

7? odk@jzpfygI “ 1990jynfhESpf ygwDpHktaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfo
h Œl v$waf wmfuu kd ,
kd pf m;ðyonfah umfrwD” udk atmufygy*k Kd~ vfrsm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;vdu
k yf gonf?

OuU Ï
OD;atmifa&$ - &efuek w
f idk ;f / r&rf;uke;f òrdŒe,f trSw(f 1)rS jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
uk,
d pf m;vS,?f

twG i f ; a&;rª ; rsm;

OD;oef;xGe;f - rE aW v;wkid ;f / awmifomòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,?f
OD;at;omatmif - &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;'Drudfk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
&ckdif'Drkdua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf/
rGeftrsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJŒ/
Zkrd ;D trsK;d om;uGe*f &ufygwrD sm;ukd uk, d pf m;ðyuk,
d pf m;vS,?f

tzG J @ 0if r sm;

OD;wifO;D - 'k-OuUÏ/ trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf ?
a':atmifqef;pk=unf - taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;/ trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf ?
OD;vGif - &efuek w f idk ;f / ok;H cGòrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSw(f 1)rS jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
uk,d pf m;vS,?f
OD;vSaz - {&m0wDwidk ;f / armfvòrdiu f |e;f òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,?f
OD;pk;d jrifh - &efuek w f idk ;f / awmifOuUvmyòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,?f
OD;vGe;f wif - rGejf ynfe,f/ armfvòrdiòf rdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f ?
OD;nGe@f a0 - yJc;l wkid ;f / awmifiòl rŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSw(f 2)rS jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
uk,d pf m;vS,?f

92
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

8? tqdyk gaumfrwD. yxrtpnf;ta0;udk 1998ck/ pufwifbmv (16)&ufae@wiG f usi;f

ycJyh gonf?

9// TaumfrwDonf txufazmfjyygvyk yf ikd cf iG rhf rl sm;t& atmufygq;kH jzwfcsurf sm;udk cs

rSwyf gonf//
(u) 1990jynfEh pS /f a&G;aumufyOJG ya't&/ a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjf cif;cH&onfh ud, k f
pm;vS,rf sm;udk tjcm;aom rnfonfOh ya'/ enf;Oya'/ trde@f tm%mrsm;jzifh
vnf;aumif;/ rdrw d @kd qENt&vnf;aumif;/ E_wx f uG jf cif;rsm;ESihf xkwyf ,fjcif;rsm;udk
rnfou l rSðyvkyEf ikd jf cif;r&Sad =umif;?
(c) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfOuUÏ tjzpf a'guw f mOD;apmjratmif/ &ckid 'f rD u dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
OuUÏ/ &ckid jf ynfe,f/ ajrmufO;D òrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) tm;/ a&G;aumufwif
ajr‡mufv f udk af =umif;?
(*) v$wfawmf.oufwrf;ukd trsm;jynfolwdk@uvufcHEkdif+yD; 'Drkdua&pDrlrsm;ESifh
uku d n f aD om zGŒJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'w&yfu/dk Tv$waf wmfu twnfðyjy
Ïmef;+yD;onft h csed t
f xd owfrw S af =umif;?
(C) Ekid if .
H Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &; tp&So d nfh taxGaxGt=uyftwnf;rsm;ukd
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfuomaqmif&u G af y;Ekid of nfa}umif/h atmufygtzGŒJ rsm;. v$wf
awmfac:,lay;a&;udpEP iS yhf wfoufI awmif;qkjd cif;rsm;ukd TaumfrwDu txl;
av;eufpmG axmufcóH udqadk =umif;?

1998 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (14) &ufae@wiG f atmufazmfjyygtzGŒJ rsm;onf v$waf wmfac:,la&;

twGuaf xmufc=H uonf?
(1) &Sr;f jynfe,fvrl sK;d aygi;f pkH jynfo@l vw G af jrmufa&;tzGŒJ (+idr;f csr;f a&;&,lxm;+yD;tzGŒJ )
(2) u,ef;jynfopfygwD
(3) u&ifev D rl sK;d aygi;f pkH jynfoŒl vGwaf jrmufa&;wyfO;D / (+idr;f csr;f a&;,lxm;onft h zJŒG )
1998 ckEpS f =o*kwv f (18)&ufae@wiG f atmufaz: jyygtzGŒJ onf v$waf wmfac:,l
a&;twGuaf xmufco H nf?
(4) rGejf ynfopfygwD (+idr;f csr;f a&;,lxm;onft h zGŒJ )

10? 1988 ckEpS f pufwifbmv (18) &ufae@rpS I xkwjf yefcahJ om Oya'rsm;/ enf;Oya'
pnf;urf;Oya'/ trde@f / a=unmcsurf sm;onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrt S wnfrðyoI w&m;r0if
a=umif;?
(rSwcf su-f 1989ckEpS /f Zlvidk v
f (5)&ufae@u Ekid if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ
OuUÏu atmufygtwkid ;f ajymcJyh gonf?)
93
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

=== u|efawmf 'DaeΠekid if aH wmftm%muk,

d x
l m;wJt h cgrSm/ u|efawmfvyk cf siw
f m vkyo
f mG ;w,f
qkw
d mukd rjzpfap&bl;/ u|efawmf pnf;eJŒpHepfeŒJ vkyo
f mG ;w,fqw dk mukd u|efawmf v$waf wmfudk
v$waf wmfay:vm &if a&G;aumufyjJG yD;&if u|efawmf v$waf wmfuw dk ifjyr,f ====

11? TaumfrwDu atmufygq;Hk jzwfcsurf sm;ukv d nf; csrw

S yf gonf//
(u) Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;.vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;ukd Oya't&tjynft h 0aqmif&u G cf iG ahf y;&ef?
(c) v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; ekid if aH &;t& ajymqkv d yk af qmifjcif;ESihf qufE, G f
onfu h pd rP sm;ukd ta&;,ljcif;rSuif;vGwcf iG ðhf y&ef?
(*) tm;vk;H aomEkid if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm;ukd c|i;f csurf &Sd tjrefq;Hk v$waf y;&ef?

12? Ekid if w
H Ekid if wH iG f wyfrawmfonf r&drS jzpfvt dk yfonft h zG@J tpnf;wckjzpfonf/ wyfrawmf
.wm0efonf Ekid if aH wmfEiS hf Ekid if o H El idk if o
H m;rsm;ukd umuG,af pmifah &Smuf&efEiS fh zGŒJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt
Hk
ajccHOya'ukd umuG,&f efjzpfonf?
jynfov l x
l u k ,k}H unfu;dk pm;cspcf ifonfh acwfr+D y;D / umuG,af &;wm0efudk oef@oef@xrf;
aqmifonfh wyfrawmfjzpf&ygrnf? tqift h wef;jrifrh m;+yD; jynfojl ynfom;rsm;ESifh wom;wnf;
jzpf&ygrnf? jynfow l @kd .qENudk OD;xdyyf efum tpOfav;pm;&rnf?

ed*;Hk
13// TaumfrwDonf/ (1990) jynfEh pS yf gwpD 'Hk rD u
dk a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyOJG ya'ESifh
tnD v$waf wmfac:,lay;a&;rlt&/ v$waf wmfw&yfac:,lay;a&;jzpfajrmufonftxd/ v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;aqmif&u
G o
f mG ;rnf?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jy!fEh pS f / awmfovif;vjynfah usmf (12) &uf ?
1998 ckEpS f / pufwifbmv (17)&uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zefŒcso
d nf?)

94
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf (2)

1998 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (28) &ufae@wiG /f 'kw, d t}udraf jrmuf v$waf wmfu,kd pf m;ðy
aumfrwD tpnf;ta0;udu k si;f ycJ+h yD;/ atmufygq;kH jzwfcsurf sm; csrw
S cf yhJ gonf?

1? atmufygOya'rsm;udk jynfo@l vw $ af wmfutwnfðy&ef jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;

ðyaumfrwDuoabmwlnaD =umif; qH;k jzwfvu kd o
f nf?
(u) Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya'/
(Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzJŒG . Oya'trSw-f 4§88)
(c) toif;tzGŒJ rsm; zGŒJ pnf;jcif;qdik &f mOya'/
(Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzJŒG . Oya'trSw-f 6§88)
(*) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'
(Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzJŒG . Oya'trSw-f 14§89)
('Dru kd a&pDusix hf ;kH usiehf nf;rsm;ESihf rudu
k nf aD om jyÏmef;csurf sm;udk csev
f yS I
f )

2? urBm@uv k or*~. taxGaxGnv D mcHwiG f 1989 ckEpS f Ed0k ifbmv (20) &ufae@u twnf
ðyjyÏmef;cJah om uav;oli,frsm;tcGit hf a&;rsm;qdik &f moabmwlpmcsKyfukd jrefrmEdik if uH yg0if
vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJhjcif;udk jynfolŒv$wfawmfutwnfðy&ef v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu
oabmwla=umif;qH;k jzwfonf?

3? atmufygOya'rsm;udk jynfoŒl v$waf wmfuy,fzsu&f ef v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfr

wDu oabmwla=umif;qH;k jzwfonf?
(u) jynfov l xl k (txl;ojzif)h Edik if aH &;orm;rsm;tm;/ rw&m;ojzift h a&;,l&mY
tvGet f u|o H ;kH pGaJ eaom yk'rf (5) tygt0if/ 1950 jynfEh pS f ta&;ay: pDrrH _ tuf
Oya' ?
(c) jynfov l xl k (txl;ojzif)h Edik if aH &;orm;rsm;udk rw&m;ojzift h a&;,l&mY toH;k
ðyaeonfh yk'rf (10) udk r¾dKifðyaom Edik if aH wmftm;aESmuf,u S zf suq f ;D vdo
k l
rsm;. ab;tE &W m,frS umuG,af pmifah &Smufonfh Oya' ?

95
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

4? jynfo@l vw $ af wmftaejzifh jynfov l x

l .k tajccHv@l tcGit
hf a&;rsm;udk rxdcu kd af pbJ/
Edik if aH wmf. vHòk caH &;ESiw
hf nf+ird af &;udk vHak vmufpmG tumtuG,af y;Edik &f ef/ wnfqOJ ya' toD;
oD;udk jyefvnfo;kH oyfI jyifqifoifu h jyifqif&rnf[k jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDu
oabmwlnaD =umif; qH;k jzwfonf?

5? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDonf atmufygOya'rsm;udk jyefvnfo;kH oyfI

jyifqifoifo
h nf wd@k ukd jyifqif&ef/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmftm;wifjyrnf[k qH;k jzwfonf?
(u) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfOya'ESihf enf;Oya'rsm;?
(c) 'Drdkua&pD a'oE W&tkyfcsKyfa&;Oya'rsm;?
(*) Edik if o
H m;rsm;.tcGit hf a&;rsm; umuG,af pmifah &Smufay;onfOh ya'?
(C) wuUov kd rf sm; tufOya'?
(i) trsm;jynfot l m; twif;t=uyf vkyt f m;ay; cdik ;f apjcif;ESihf ywfoufI tu|r;f
0ifaom aus;&GmtufOya'yk'rf (8) ESihf (12) ?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1360jynfEh pS /f oDwif;u|wfvqef; (8)&uf ?
1998 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (28) &uf?

(trsK;d om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1990jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfol@v$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf (3)

28-9-98 &ufpjJG zifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,

kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDuxkwjf yefaom a=unmcsuf
trSw-f (2)/ tyk'd f 5/ (i) ESiyhf wfoufI trsm;od&EdS ikd yf g&ef aus;&GmtufOya'yk'rf (8) ESi(hf 12)
wd@k ukd az: jyvdu
k yf gonf?

yk'rf - 8 ? ? aumifpOD uUÏ. t&yf&yfwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;?

1? aumifpOD uUÏESihf aumifpt

D zGŒJ 0ifwikd ;f rSm atmufyg trsm;jynfol wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk
aqmif&u
G }f u&ef wm0ef&odS nf?

96
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

(u) yk'rf - 7 t&/ owif;ay;onfjh ypfrw _ ikd ;f udk pHpk rf;ppfaq;jcif;//

(c) ‚if;jypfrul kd usK;vGe&f mwGif yg0ifa=umif; (od@k ) usK;vGe&f eftm;xkwaf =umif; ,H=k unf
&ef ta=umif;&So d u l kd zrf;qD;jcif;ESihf ypPn;f udjk yefvnf&,ljcif;//
(*) aus;&Gmtkypf w k iG f vma&mufyek ;f atmif;I auseyfatmifrajymqdEk ikd o f u
l kd zrf;qD;
jcif;?
(C) zrf;qD;ol (od@k ) v$t J yfc&H olw@kd ukd oufaocHtjzpftoH;k usrnfh vufeuf/ tjcm;
ypPn;f rsm;ESiw hf uG teD;qH;k &Jpcef;od@k tjrefy@kd tyfjcif;?
(i) rdrad us;&Gmtkypf t k wGi;f aus;&Gmw&Gmudk rw&m;wdu k cf u
kd rf u _ ckd ck jH cif;?
(p) òrŒd e,faumifp! D e¸ =f um;onft h wdik ;f aus;&GmumuG,af &;vkyif ef;/ vrf;yef;qufo, G f
a&;vkyif ef;ESihf a&&&Sad &;wd@k ukd aqmif&u G jf cif;?
(q) òrde,faumifpo D wfrw S of nfEh e_ ;f twdik ;f tca=u;aiG&&So d nft h cg aus;&Gmtkypf k
twGi;f (od@k ) teD;Yaomfvnf;aumif; csxm;onfh (od@k ) jzwfoef;onfph pfwyf/
jynfo@l &w
J yfz@JG w@kd twGujf zpfap/ wm0efaqmif&u G &f ef c&D;xGuaf om tpd;k &0efxrf;
wOD;OD;twGufjzpfap/ vrf;jyrsm;/ txrf;orm;rsm;/ pm;eyf&duQmrsm;/ vSnf;/
vkyo f m;/ qif/ jrif;/ vm;/ avSuo hJ @kd aom ,mOfwrsK;d rsK;d udk pkaqmif;ay;jcif;?
(c|i;f csuf ) tvky-f urf;vkyo f rl [kwo f nfjh yif cdik ;f aprnft h vkyu f kd vkyuf ikd af eus r[kwaf om
&Gmom;rsm; tm; ud, k w f ikd v
f yk &f rnf[k rnfo h nfah umifpOD uUXESihf aumifpt D zGŒJ 0ifrsm;urS
twif;tusyrf qif&h / vlpm;xnf&h efurkd l qifEh ikd o f nf//

(Z) »»»»»»»»»»»»»
(ps) aus;&Gmtkypf t k wGi;f aexdik o f rl sm;/ ajrvuf&jdS zpforl sm;xHrS tcGeEf iS hf tpd;k &od@k
ay;&ef&o dS nfah iGrsm;udk ajr,maumfrwDu aumufc&H mYulnjD cif;//
(n) aus;&Gmtkypf t k wGi;f jzpfygG ;aom arG;§ao pm&if;rsm;/ pm&if;rsm;udk rSwyf w kH if&ef
qifqh ukd enf;Oya'rsm;ESit hf nDaqmif&u G jf cif;?
(Ë) atmufygupd rP sm;Y }uD;=uyftyk cf sKyf pDraH qmif&u G jf cif;?
(1) vlrsm;/ wd&pd m> efrsm;wGif ul;pufwwfaom a&m*gukd rysŒH ES@H atmifuo k jcif;/
wm;qD;jcif;?
(2) trsm;jynfol aESmuf,u S rf r_ sm;udk wm;qD;jcif;?
(3) rD;udw k m;qD;jcif;?
(4) aus;&Gmtkypf . k t&yf&yfoef@&iS ;f r_aqmif&u G jf cif;?
(5) u|/J EGm;/ jrif;/ od;k / qdwEf iS 0hf ufrsm;udk owfjzwfrE_ iS hf tom;udak &mif;jcif;rsm;udk
pnf;rsO;f owfrw S jf cif;?
(X) jynfoŒl w&m;ol}uD;/ jynfoŒl &J/ tjcm;tpk;d &t&m&S/d =unf; §a&§av wyfrawmf
t&m&Sw d OD;OD;uodvo dk nfh &yf&mG qkid &f mowif;ukd óud;pm;pkpH rf;I odor#ay;jcif;?
(È) aus;&Gmtkypf w k iG uf si;f yonfh yGv J rf;rsm;od@k omG ;pOf §jyefpOf yGw J iG ;f &Sad epOf yk'rf
2 1-u wGiaf z: jyxm;aom vufeufrsK;d udk awGŒ&So d xl rH S odr;f qnf;jcif;?
(1) trsm;jynfow l m0efrsm;udk aqmif&u G &f mY tpd;k &t&m&Srd sm;tm; oifo h vdk
ulnjD cif;?

97
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

(2) yk'rf -cG(J 1) t& aumifpOD uUÏ tay: csrw S x

f m;aom wm0efukd aumifpt D zGŒJ
0ifrsm;uvnf; aqmif&u G &f efwm0ef&o dS nf?
(3) aumifpOD uUÏwdik ;f wGif jypfrq _ ikd &f mOya'yk'rf (510) rl;,pfou l trsm;ESihf
qdik af omae&mY ravsmaf omtr_uðkd yr_t& jypfru _ sL;vGeo
f u
l kd zrf;&eftm%m
&So
d nf?

yk'rf - 12? ?aus;&Gmvlxk wm0efayg@avsmrh _ §jiif;qefr_ twGujf ypf'%f?

aus;&GmtkyfpktwGif;aexdkifolvlxku rnfodk@rqdk trsm;jynfolqdkif&mwm0efrsm;udk
aqmif&u G &f efjiif;qefv#i§f ayg@avsmv h #if xdo
k t
l m;-
(1) ,ckr&Sd
(2) aumifpt D rde@f jzifh 10d§ xd '%faiG (od@k ) Tudpt
P wGuf òrdŒe,faumifpD OuUÏ owf
rSwof nfh ae&mY 48 em&Dxd axmif'%f (od@k ) '%fEpS &f yfv;kH csrw S &f rnf (od@k ) -
(3) &mZ0wfw&m;ol}uD;u pD&ifv#if 50d§ aiG'%f (od@k ) wvxd axmif'%f/ '%fEpS f
&yfv;kH csrw
S &f rnf//

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f oDwif;u|wfvqef; (12) &uf //
1998 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (2) &uf//

rSwcf su?f ? txufazmfjyyg aus;&GmtufOya'rSm 1908 ckEpS u f udv k ekd eD ,fcsŒJ wdŒk xkwf
jyefcjhJ y;D usio hf ;kH cJo
h nfOh ya'jzpfonf// TOya'udk jynfaxmifpq
k &kd ,
S vf pforRwjrefrmEdik if H
EkdifiHawmfaumifpDujyifqifcJhonf// ‚if;udk EdkifiHawmf_idrf0yfydjym;r+wnfaqmufa&;tzGJŒ
(,ck) Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zHŒG ðz;d a&;aumifpt D m%mydik w f Œkd u qufvuf vufcH
_y;D usio hf ;kH vsuf &So d nf//

( trsK;d om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf// )

98
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
( jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD )

1990jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'kH rD ukd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG w S ifajrm‡ ufvu

kd af om jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfuu kd ,kd pf m;ðyonfah umfrwD (jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD) . a=unmcsut f rSw-f
(3) (2-10-98)&ufae@wiG f aus;&GmtufOya'yk'rf (8)ESihf (12) wd@k ukd az: jycJyh gonf? ‚if;wd@k EiS hf
ywfoufI aumfrwDu jynfoŒl v$waf wmfo@kd atmufygo;kH oyfcsurf sm;udk wifjyoGm;rnf[q k ;kH
jzwfonf?
Oya'yk'rf (8)wGif yg&o dS nfh aumifpOD uUÏ. t&yf&yf wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;acgi;f pOfEiS hf acgi;f
pOfatmufyg tyk'd cf JG (1) aumifpOD uUÏESihf aumifpt D zGŒJ 0ifrsm;onf trsm;jynfow l @kd .qENjzifh
a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHxm;&olrsm;r[kwo f jzif/h aemifwiG f 'Dru kd a&pD a'oE &W tkycf sKyfa&;
pepfukd taumiftxnfaz:onft h cg aus;&Gmjynfov l x l uk a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufaom ppfreS f
onft h zGŒJ omv#ijf zpf&ygrnf?

yk'rf (8) - (u) wGif yk'rf (7) t& / owif;ay;onfh jypfrw _ ikd ;f udk pHpk rf;ppfaq;jcif;qdo k nfh tcsuEf iS hf
ywfoufI pkpH rf;jcif;omðyvkyaf p+yD; ppfaq;jcif;udk rðyvkyo f ifyh g? TtcGit hf a&;udak y;ygu
ravsmrf uef usio hf ;kH vmEdik rf nfjzpfaoma=umifjh zpfygonf?
(c) wGif ‚if;jypfru _ /kd usK;vGe&f mwGiyf g0ifa=umif; (od@k ) usK;vGe&f eftm;xkwaf =umif;
,H=k unf&efta=umif;&So d u l kd zrf;qD;jcif;ESihf ypPn;f udjk yefvnf&,ljcif;qdo k nfEiS hf
rvHak vmufyg? oufaoom"utaxmuftxm;r&Sb d J ,H=k unf&efqo kd nft h csuf
udk tv$o J ;kH pm;ðyvkyEf ikd &f ef ta=umif;&Sad oma=umifjh zpfygonf?
(*) aus;&Gmtkypf w k iG f vma&mufyek ;f atmif;I auseyfatmifrajymqdEk ikd o f ul kd zrf;qD;jcif;
qdok nft h csuw f iG f &mZ0wfjypfru _ sL;vGejf cif;ESihf oufqikd o f l vma&mufyek ;f atmif;
jcif ; ES i f h o mouf q d k i f o if h y gonf ? auseyf a tmif r ajymEd k i f q d k o nf w G i f
rnforl nf0gtm; auseyfatmifajym&efjzpf&rnfukd xif&mS ;oifyh gonf?
(p) òrdŒe,faumifpD !¸e=f um;onft h wdik ;f qdok nfh tcsuw f iG /f òrdŒe,faumifpq D o kd nfh
pum;&yfrmS 'Dru kd a&pD a'oE &W tkycf sKyfa&;t& a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufc&H olom
jzpf&ygrnf? xd@k jyif !¸e=f um;onft h wdik ;f qdo k nfv h yk yf ikd cf iG u
hf kd tm%m&So d u l vkyf
csiw f ikd ;f vkyEf ikd af tmif us,jf yef@pmG ay;/ cGiðhf yxm;onfukd rvkyo f ifyh g?
99
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

(q) ESihf ‚if;atmufwiG yf g&o dS nfch |i;f csuu f kd y,fzsuyf gonf? (q) ESihf c|i;f csuu f kd y,fzsuf
oifo h nft h a=umif;rSm aus;&GmwGif t"rRvyk t f m;ay;pHepftE &W ,frS uif;vGwf
ap&efjzpfygonf?
(ps) wGiyf gonfh “ajr,maumfrwDu” qdo k nft h zGŒJ tpnf;f tpm;/ aus;&Gmjynfou l a&G;
aumufwifajr‡mufaom aumfrwDuomv#iaf qmif&u G &f ygrnf?
(Ë) tyd'k cf JG (2) wGif trsm;jynfoal ESmif, h u S rf r_ sm;udw
k m;qD;jcif;qdok nft h csuo f nf
tm%mydik w f @kd u ,if;t& toH;k ðy&mwGif vufvw G pf y,ftoH;k ðyEdik jf cif;/ tm%m
udt
k vGo J ;kH pm;vkyEf ikd jf cif;a=umifh jyefvnfa&;om;&ef (od@k ) xkwEf w _ &f efjzpfygonf?
(X) y,fzsu&f efoifo h nf?
(È) (1) oifo h vdu k n l jD cif; qdok nft h csuo f nf us,jf yef@veG ;f I y,fzsujf yifqifa&;om;
oifah =umif;// (2) ESihf (3) onf 'Dru kd a&pDa'oE &W tkycf sKyfa&;t& a&G;aumufwif
ajr‡mufonft h zGŒJ tpnf;jzpfvmygu xdak z: jyygtcsurf sm;onf rqDavsmyf g?

yk'rf (12) - y,fzsu&f ef? aus;&Gmjynforl sm;. tcGit

hf a&;udk xdcu
kd ef pfemapaoma=umifjh zpfyg
onf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rdŒ
1360 jynfEh pS /f oDwif;u|wfvqef; (12) &uf //
1998 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (2) &uf//

( trsK;d om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf//)

100
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf (4)

1? MANDATE [laom pum;vH;k wGif Edi k if aH &;tESpo

f m&tm;jzifh t"dyg` ,f (2) rsK;d &Syd g
onf? yxrwrsK;d rSm vufwifbmompum; MANDARE rS qif;oufjyD; “txuft&m&Su d
vufatmufi,fom;tm; rnfo@kd vyk af qmif&rnf[k apcdik ;f onft h rde@f ” ( a command from
a superior to a subordinate ordering him how to act ) [k t"dyg` ,&f ygonf// 'kw, d wrsK;d rSm
jyifopfbmompum; MANDAT rS qif;oufjyD;/ “ygwDwck odk@r[kwf acgif;aqmifwOD;tm;
rJqEN&iS rf sm;u w&m;0ifciG ðhf yvdu
k o
f nf[k ,lq&rnfh a&G;aumufyw JG ckwiG f tqH;k tjzwfay;aom
&v'fa=umifh a=unmxm;aom ay:vpDrsm;ESihf tnDtyk cf sKyfciG ðhf yjcif;” ( Permission to govern
according to declared policies, regarded as officially granted by an electorate to
a particular party or leader upon a decisive outcome of an election) [kt"dyg` ,&f ygonf?

2? T 'kwd,t"dy`g,fa=umifh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif trsm;pk

(a working majority) &&Sx
d m;onfh Edik if aH &;ygwt
D m; rdrw
d @kd a=unmxm;aom 0g'oabmxm;
rsm;udk taumiftxnfaz:aqmif&ef rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l xl uk cGiðhf yjcif;[k qdyk gonf//

3? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfacwfwavsmufvHk;wGif T MANDATE

t,ltqt& jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf vrf;pOfygwu D u
kd ,
kd pf m;ðyvsuf a&G;
aumufy0JG if=u&+y;D / vrf;pOfygw.
D 0g'vrf;pOfEiS t hf nDom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfwiG f &yfwnfaqmif
&Gu=f u&ygonf? vrf;pOfygwu D rvdv k m;awmhv#if jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrvS nf; E_wx f u
G af y;=u&yg
onf?

4? xd@k a=umifh a&G;aumufyrJG usi;f yrD Edik if aH &;ygwt

D zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;u rJqEN&iS jf ynfov
l x
l k
tm; ay;cJo
h nfu h wdrsm;udk jynfoŒl v$waf wmfwiG t f aumiftxnfaz:&ef wm0ef&rdS o _ nf MAN-
DATE qdi k &f m t,ltqyif jzpfygonf?

5? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf 1990 jynfEh pS f a&G;aumufyw JG iG f ppftyk cf sKyfa&;udk

z,f&mS ;+yD; 'Dru
kd a&pDEikd if x
H al xmifa&;twGuf t"duaºuG;a=umfvsuf 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf jhJ cif;jzpf
ygonf// rJqENe,fppk ak ygi;f (485) e,f &So d nft
h euf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfukd ud, k pf m;ðy
onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (392)OD; a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHc&hJ ygonf? T jynf
olŒv$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. 0g'vrf;pOfrsm;twdik ;f &yf
101
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

wnf=u&rnfjzpfonft h jyif/ ,if;0g'vrf;pOfrsm;udk axmufcv H su&f =dS uonfomru/ xdo

k @kd axmuf
cHa=umif;ESihf ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d a=umifh rdrwd @dk u,
kd w
f ikd f wufa&mufaxmufcjH cif;rðyEdik o f nft
h cg
tzGŒJ csKyf A[dtk vkyt f r_aqmiftzGŒJ od@k ud,k pf m;aqmif&u G &f efay;tyfxm;onfh tcGit hf m%mudk
vufrw S af &;xd;k ay;tyfxm;=uygonf?

6? xd@k a=umifh tzGŒJ csKyf A[dt k vkyt

f r_aqmiftzGŒJ u Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf
zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpx D H v$waf wmfac:,lay;&efawmif;qdck jhJ cif;rsm;onf rdrw d @kd tm; jynfov l xl uk
ay;tyfxm;onfh MANDATE udk tajccHIvnf;aumif;/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;u
ud, k pf m;aqmif&u G &f ef ay;tyfxm;onfh tcGit hf m%mudt k ajccHIvnf;aumif; awmif;qdck jhJ cif;
rsm;jzpfygonf? ,ae@xufwikd f Oya'tjzpf w&m;0ifwnf&adS eaom 1974 ckEpS /f jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfqikd &f m Oya'/ yk'rf - 47 wGif “Edik if aH wmfaumifpo D nf v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f m;vH;k .
34 µ u awmif;qdck v hJ #if v$waf wmftpnf;ta0;udk tjrefq;kH ac:,lusi;f yay;&rnf” [lI jy
Ïmef;xm;csuu f kd tm%mydik rf sm;u azguzf su&f ma&mufaeygonf// tzGŒJ csKyfvuf0,fwiG &f adS om
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (251)OD;u ud, k pf m;aqmif&uG &f ef ay;tyfxm;aom tcGihf
tm%monf 34 µ xuf rsm;aeygonf?

7? od@k ygI tm%mydik rf sm;u Oya'udk rav;pm;/ rvdu k ef mojzifo h m trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzGŒJ csKyfonf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfuakd c:,lzŒJG pnf;&ef aqmif&u G &f jcif;jzpfygonf? xd@k a=umifh jzpfay:
vmrnft h usK;d quftm;vH;k twGu/f Oya'ESit hf nDaqmif&u G &f efysuuf u G of nfh Edik if aH wmfat;
csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpw
D iG o
f m vH;k 0wm0ef&adS =umif; jynfov l xl tk m; xyfavmif;I
wifjytyfygonf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f oDwif;u|wfvqkwf (8)&uf?
1998 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (13)&uf ?

(trsK;d om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu wm0ef,I
l jzef‹csd onf)

102
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf (5)

1? 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG S wifajr‡mufvukd af om jynfoŒl

v$waf wmfukd ud, k pf m;ðyonfah umfrwD (jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD) . 28-9-98
&ufpyJG g a=unmcsut f rSwf (2) wGif atmufygtwkid ;f a=unmcJyh gonf?
“jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrwDonf atmufygOy'rsm;ukd jyifqif&ef/ jynfoŒl
v$waf wmftm;wifjyrnf[k qk;H jzwfonf?
(u) »»»»»
(c) »»»»»
(*) Edifk if o
H m;rsm;. tcGit hf a&;rsm;umuG,af pmifah &Smufay;onfOh ya'?
(C) »»»»»
(i) »»»»»

2? Edik if o
H m;rsm;.tcGithf a&;rsm; umuG,af pmifah &Smufay;onfh Oya'uk/d jrefrmhq&dk ,
S f
vpfvrf;pOfacwfu xkwjf yefcjhJ cif;jzpfygonf?

3? Ekid if w
H Ekid if w
H iG /f Ekid if o
H m;rsm;. tcGit hf a&;ukd umuG,af pmifah &Smufay;&ef/ Ekid if aH wmf
wGiw
f m0ef&ydS gonf? Ekid if o H m;wkid ;f wGif tajccHOya'ygtcGit hf a&;rsm;ukvd nf;aumif;/ &S&d if;pGyJ g
Oya'rsm;udv k nf;aumif;/ Ekid if o H El idk if o
H m;rsm; tusK;d cHpm;cGihf tjynft
h 0&Sad p&rnf[k qk;H jzwf
onf?

4? xku d o
hJ @kd w&m;0iftusK;d cHpm;cGi&hf adS omtcGit hf a&;rsm;uk/d Ekid if aH wmfu umuG,af pmifh
a&Smufay;&rnfh wm0ef&o dS nf/ ,cifxw k jf yefxm;aom “Ekid if o H m;rsm;. tcGit hf a&;rsm; umuG,f
apmifah &Smufay;onfh Oya'” wGif ed'ge;f / tcef; (1)yg yk'rf (1)ESit hf cef;(2)yg/ yk'rf (2)ESihf (3)wk@d rS
wyg;/ use&f adS om tcef;ESihf yk'rf rsm;rSm qDavsmu f u
dk n
f rD _ r&Sad wmhojzifh y,fzsujf cif;ðy&efvt dk yf
onf[k qk;H jzwfonf?

5? Ekid if aH wmfudk ppfreS af om'Dru dk a&pDEidk if x

H al xmifrnfjzpfonft
h wGuf 'Dru
dk a&pDtajccH
rlrsm;ESit
hf nDjzpfaom Ekid if o H m;rsm;.tcGit hf a&;rsm; umuG,af pmifah &Smufay;onfh Oya'rsm;
jzpfonft h jyif w&m;a&;r¾Kdiu f dk ajzmifrh wfay;&eftwGu/f pmc|eaf wmftrde@f rsm; (Writs)ukd
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfo@kd wifjy+yD;/ twnfðycsu&f ,l&ef qk;H jzwfonf? pmc|eaf wmf trde@f rsm;rSm -
103
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

(1) a&SŒawmfoiG ;f pmc|eaf wmftrde@f ( Habeas Corpus )

(2) tm%may;pmc|eaf wmftrde@f ( Mandamus)
(3) wm;jrpfappmc|eaf wmftrde@f ( Prohibition)
(4) tm%mykid af y;pmc|eaf wmftrde@f (Quo Warranto)
(5) tr_ac:pmc|eaf wmftrde@f (Certiorari) wd@k jzpfonf?

6? pmc|eaf wmftrde@f rsm;ESihf ywfoufI/ jynfov l xl k ykrd o

dk &d EdS idk &f eftwGu/f teuft"dyg` ,f
zGiq
hf cdk surf sm;ukd aemufqufwt JG aejzifh yl;wGaJ zmfjy&ef qk;H jzwfonf//

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f oDwif;u|wfvjynfah usm(f 11)&uf //
1998 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (16) &uf //

(trsK;d om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu wm0ef,I
l jzef‹cso
d nf//)

aemufqufwGJ

pmc|efawmftrde‹f rsm; ( Writs)

a&SŒawmfoGif; pmc|efawmftrdef@ (Habeas Corpus)

a&SŒawmfoiG ;f pmc|eaf wmftrde@f onf wm0ef&o dS w l OD;OD;. ydwyf ifwm;jrpfcsuo
f nf w&m;
enf;vrf;uspmG aqmif&u G jf cif; [kw§f r[kwf ukd pkpH rf;ppfaq;&ef w&m;ol}uD; (od@k r[kw)f w&m;
±k;H .a&SŒarSmufo@kd qifah c:aomtrde@f jzpfonf? wenf;tm;jzifh a&SŒawmfoiG ;f pmc|eaf wmftrde@f
onf w&m;rJh ta=umif;r&Sb d /J zrf;qD;csKyaf ESmifrr_ sm;ukd wm;qD;[ef@wm;I w&m;±k;H wGif ppfaq;&ef
jzpfygonf?
t"du&nf&, G cf surf mS jynfojl ynfom;wOD;OD;udk w&m;±k;H wGipf pfaq;jcif;rðybJ/ csKyfaESmif
xm;jcif;jzpfap/ wOD;OD;ukd jypfrt _ a=umif;csi;f &mrnD!w G yf gbvJ suf ta&;,lzrf;qD;xm;ol wm0ef
&dyS *k K~ v
d jf zpfap/ jynfaxmifpw k &m;±k;H csKyfo@kd a&SŒawmfoiG ;f ap&efEiS hf jynfojl ynfom; wOD;OD;tm;/
rnfonfjh ypfru _ /dk rnfonfOh ya'jzif/h ta&;,l zrf;qD;xm;onf[k xkacs&iS ;f vif;ap&ef a&SŒawmf
oGi;f pmc|eaf wmftrde@f xw k q f ifEh ifdk jf cif;jzpfygonf?
oufqidk &f mtm%mykid t f zG@J .xkacs&iS ;f vif;csuo f nf a=ueyfavmufatmif &Si;f vif;jcif;
rðyEkid af =umif; jynfaxmifpw k &m;&k;H csKyfuxifjrif,q l v#if zrf;qD;xm;aom jynfojl ynfom;
wOD;OD;ukd v$waf p&ef xkwq f ifEh idk af om trde@f trsK;d tpm;vnf; jzpfygonf//
104
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

jynfaxmifpk w&m;±k;H csKyo f nf rlvpD&ifyidk cf iG v

hf nf;&do
S nft h avsmuf Oya'ESihf rnD!w
G bf J
zrf;qD;cHae&aom jynfojl ynfom;wOD;OD;onf ‚if;.ud, k pf m; epfemol. rdom;pkwOD;OD;u jynf
axmifpw k &m;±k;H csKyfo@kd pmc|eaf wmf av#mufxm;r_rsm; OD;wku d af v#mufxm;cGihf ay;&ygrnf?

tm%may;pmc|efawmftrdef@ (Mandamus)
tm%may;pmc|eaf wmftrde@f onf Oya'qkid &f m wm0efrsm;ukd xrf;aqmif&ef atmuf
w&m;±k;H rsm;od@k jzpfap/ wm0ef&o dS wl OD;OD;ukjd zpfap xkwjf yefaomtrde@f jzpfonf? wenf;tm;jzifh
trsm;ESiq hf idk af omwm0efw&yfudk aqmif&u G jf cif;ESifh ywfoufI 0efxrf;wOD;wa,mufudk jzpfap/
atmuf±;Hk w±k;H ukjd zpfap jynfaxmifpw k &m;±k;H csKyfu tm%may;pmc|eaf wmftrde@f xw k q
f ifjh cif;
jzpfygonf?
tm%may;pmc|eaf wmftrde@f EiS f yh wfoufIa&;om;&ygv#if Ekid if o H m;wOD;OD;onf jynf
ol@vw $ af wmfwiG jf zpfap/ trsK;d om;v$waf wmfwiG jf zpfap/ jynfe,f (od@k r[kw)f wkid ;f v$waf wmfwiG f
jzpfap/ tjcm;aom tpk;d &Xmewckco k nf Oya't& vkyo f ihv
f yk x
f u
dk o
f nfw@dk udk rðyvkyv
f #i/f
Oya'ESit hf nD vku d ef maqmif&u G &f rnf[k tm%may;aom pmc|eaf wmfjzpfygonf?

wm;jrpfappmc|efawmftrdef@ ( Writ of Prohibition )

wm;jrpfappmc|eaf wmftrde@f . &nf&, G cf suo
f nf jynfaxmifpw k &m;±k;H csKy.
f vufatmuf
cHr[kwaf om tkycf sKyfa&;qkid &f m Xmewckcrk jS zpfap/ wpkwH OD;ujzpfap/ ‚if;tm; Oya't& tyfEiS ;f
xm;aomtm%muku d sL;vGeI f trde@f wckcak =umifh jynfow l OD;wa,muf. tcGit hf a&;ukd xd
yg;v#ijf zpfap (od@k r[kw)f tpk;d &Xmewckct k m; tyfEiS ;f I rxm;aomtm%mukd tok;H ðyjcif;rS
wm;jrpfap&efjzpfap/ wm;jrpfappmc|eaf wmftrde@f jzifh wm;jrpfay;&efav#mufxm;Ekid o f nf? t"dyg` ,f
rSm wm;jrpfappmc|eaf wmftrde@f onf atmuf±;Hk .tm%musL;aer_udk wm;jrpfaomtrde@f jzpf
onf? wenf;tm;jzifh ðyvky+f y;D onfu h pd rP sm;tay: wm;jrpfðyjyifay;&ef av#mufxm;jcif;jzpfonf?

tm%mykdifar;pmc|efawmftrdef@ ( Quo Warranto)

Tpmc|eaf wmftrde@f .&nf&, G cf surf mS wpkw H a,mufu rnfonft h cGithf m%mjzifh &mxl;
ae&m a&G;cs,jf cif;/ qENay;yGJ usi;f yjcif; ponfv h yk yf idk cf iG rhf sm;ESihf pyfvsO;f I pkpH rf;ppfaq;ay;&ef
av#mufxm;Ekid cf iG jhf zpfonf? vkyyf idk cf iG t
hf m%mukd usL;vGeaf omolonf jynfow l OD;wa,muf.
tcGithf a&;ukd rnfonft h cGit
hf m%mjzifx h yd g;usL;vGeo f nfudk tm%mykid af r;pmc|eaf wmf trde@f
xkwIf tm%musL;vGeaf =umif;xif&mS ;v#if vkt d yfovkd jyifqifay;aomvkyef nf;jzpfonf?

tr_ac:pmc|efawmftrdef@ (Certiorari)
tr_ac:pmc|eaf wmftrde@f onf atmuf±;Hk rsm;rS ppfaq;pD&if+yD;aom tr_wrGJ sm;/ rSww f rf;
rsm;ukd awmif;,lapaomtrdef@jzpfonf? jynfaxmifpkw&m;±kH;csKyftaejzifh vufatmufcH
w&m;±k;H rsm;. pD&ifq;Hk jzwfcsurf sm;onf w&m;Oya'ESihf nD §rnD/ trde@f csrw
S jf cif;rsm; rSeu
f efr_
105
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

&S§d r&Sd wd@k updk pfaq;}unf&h I _ rSm;,Gi;f aea=umif;awG@&&dS ygu jyifqifay;Ekid o f nf// xk@d tjyif tcsKŒd
aomw&m;±kH;rsm;onf rdrdpD&ifEkdifaomtm%mukd arhavsmhIjzpfap/ Oya't"dy`g,faumuf
,l&mwGif rSm;,Gi;f I jzpfap usL;vGew f wf=uonf? tvm;wlyif arhavsmI h jzpfap/ rSm;,Gi;f Ijzpfap/
pD&ifyidk cf iG hf &Syd gvsu/f tcGit hf m%muko d ;Hk pGI
J ppfaq;pD&ifjcif;rðybJvnf; aewwf}uygonf// xko d @kd
aomtcgrsK;d wGif jynfaxmifpw k &m;±k;H csKyfonf tr_ac:pmc|eaf wmftrde@f jzifh vkt d yfovkd trde@f cs
ay;Edik o f nfh trde@f rsK;d jzpfygonf?
xk@d tjyif w&m;±k;H rsm;r[kwaf omfvnf; w&m;pD&ifouJo h @kd jynfow l @kd .tcGit
hf a&;ukd qk;H
jzwfowfrw S af y;&aom t&m&Srd sm;/ tpk;d &±k;H rsm;onf jynfaxmifpk w&m;±k;H csKyf. ppfaq;xde;f
ausmif;r_udk cH,&l rnfjzpfI jynfaxmifpw k &m;±k;H csKyfu xk±d ;Hk rsm;ukd tr_ac:pmc|eaf wmftrde@f xw k f
I ta&;,laqmif&u G cf iG &hf o dS nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

( trsK;d om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,I
l jzef‹cso
d nf?)

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsufrSwf (6)

1? 1998ckEpS f pufwifbmv (17) &ufae@pjJG zifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,

dk pf m;ðyaumfrwDu
xkwjf yefco
hJ nfh a=unmcsut f rSwf (1) tyd'k f (9) wGif aumfrwD.qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;udk a=unmcJyh g
onf? tyk'd cf JG (c) wGif atmufygq;Hk jzwfcsuu f kd a=unmcJyh gonf?

(p) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfOuUXtjzpf/ a'gufwmOD;apmjratmif/ &cdik 'f rD u

kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfOuUX/
&cdik jf ynfe,f/ ajrmufO;D òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(f 1)tm; a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufvu
kd f a-umif;
(qk;H )

2? a'guw
f mOD;apmjratmif. wkid ;f jynftwGupf rG ;f aqmifcsurf sm;udo
k &d ydS g&ef atmufyg
twdik ;f a=unmvku
d yf gonf?
106
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

(u) 1947 ckEpS w

f iG f trfbb D t D ufpf (bkaH b) bGŒJ ud&k &Scd +hJ yD;/ Ekid if 0H efxrf;tjzpf wm0ef
,lcu
hJ m +Adwed Ef idk if w
H iG f aq;ynmrsm;udk qufvufqnf;yl;cJ&h m bGŒJ vGe'f yD vkrd m
'Dpt
D w
d cf sb
f ŒJG ESihf tufzt
f m&fpyD b
D ŒJG rsm;udk &&Sq
d w G cf ;l cJyh gonf? ‚if;aemuf Ekid if 0H ef
xrf;tjzpf qufvufIwm0ef,al qmif&u G cf o hJ nf?
(c) ausm=f um;onfqh &m0ef}uD;wOD;jzpf+yD; ouf&,
G }f uD;onfyh *k Kd~ vf}uD;wOD;jzpfonfh
tm;avsmpf mG trsm;=unf!akd v;pm;jcif;cH&onf?
(*) ukov
kd jf zpf vlra_ &;udptP 00udk apwemtjynft
h 0jzifh apwemh0efxrf; orm;
awmf}uD;tjzpfaqmif&u G of nf?
(C) ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDa&G;aumufyu JG si;f yonft
h cg/ &cdik 'f rD u
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf OuUÏ tae
jzifh &cdik jf ynfe,f/ ajrmufO;D òrdŒe,frS jynfovl xl u k a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvu dk f
onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w
f OD;jzpfonf?
3? txufyg xif&mS ;onfyh *k K~ v
d }f uD;tm;/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmf OuUÏ tjzpf wm0efay;tyf
jcif;udk ‚if;u*k%,
f Il 0rf;ajr‡muf0rf;ompGmjzifh vufcv H u dk af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf?

4// tqkyd g a=unmcsut

f rSwf (1) qk;H jzwfcsut
f rSwf (7) t&/ 1990 jynfEh pS f ygwpD 'Hk rD u
kd
a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG S wifajrm‡ ufvu dk af om jynfo@l vw
$ af wmfuu kd , kd pf m;ðyonfh aumfr
wDwiG f OD;at;omatmifonf &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Drakd &pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &cdik 'f rD ukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGef
trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J / Zkrd ;D trsKd ;om;uGe*f &ufygwrD sm;udk ud,
k pf m;ðyonfh ud,
k pf m;vS,jf zpf
a=umif; xyfrt H wnfðya=unmvdu k yf gonf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f wefaqmifrek ;f vqef; (9) &uf?
1998 ckEpS /f atmufwb dk mv (28) &uf?

( trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu wm0ef,I
l jzef‹cso
d nf )
107
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf (7)

1? 1998 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (8) &ufae@u atmufygw@kd yg0ifwufa&mufonfh jynfoŒl v$wf

awmfu,
kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;udk usi;f ycJoh nf?

OD;atmifa&$ - OuUÏ (&efuek w f idk ;f / r&rf;uke;f òrdŒe,f trSw(f 1) rS jynfoŒl v$wf

awmfu, dk pf m;vS,)f
OD;at;omatmif - twGi;f a&;rª; (&Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &ckid 'f rD dk
ua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGet f rsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ ESihf Zkrd ;D trsK;d om;
uGe*f &ufygwrD sm;ukd uk, d pf m;ðyonfu h , dk pf m;vS,)f
OD;oef;xGe;f - twGi;f a&;rª; (rE aW v;wkid ;f / awmifomòrdŒe,f rJqENe,f trSwf
(2) rS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,)f
ES i f h a tmuf y gtzG J @ 0if r sm;

OD;wifO;D - 'k OuUÏ/ trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?

a':atmifqef;pk=unf - taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;/ trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
OD;vGif - &efuek w f idk ;f / ok;H cGòrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) rS jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
uk, d pf m;vS,?f
OD;vSaz - {&m0wDwidk ;f / armfvòrdiu f |e;f òrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,?f
OD;pk;d jrifh - &efuek w f idk ;f / awmifOuUvmyòrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) rS jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,?f
OD;vGe;f wif - rGejf ynfe,f/ armfvòrid òf rŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) rS jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, dk pf m;vS,?f
OD;!Ge@f a0 - yJc;l wkid ;f / awmifiòl rŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) rS jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
uk, d pf m;vS,?f
108
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

2? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;u atmufygq;kH jzwfcsurf sm;udk cs

rSwcf ohJ nf?
qH;k jzwfcsut f rSwf (1)
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&;&maumfrwDrsm;ukd zGŒJ pnf;&ef?

( rSwcf suf ) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,l zGŒJ pnf;onft h cg jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf
ndE‡ i+d ;f aqG;aEG;I a&;&maumfrwDrsm;udak omfvnf;aumif;/ tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;udak omfvnf;aumif;
vdt k yfovdk jyefvnf jyifqif jznfph u
G zf ŒJG pnf;_y;D / jynfoŒl v$waf wmf. oabmwlnrD u + kd v$wf
awmf OuUX}uD;rSwqifh &,lrnf?

od@k aomf vkyaf qmifoifv h yk af qmifxu

kd o
f nfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfupd &P yfrsm;udk aqmif&u
G f
oGm;&ef xdak &;&maumfrwDtoD;oD;wd@k wiG f OuUÏ od@k r[kwf twGi;f a&;rª;/ od@k r[kwf (2) OD;wd@k ukd
twwfEikd q f ;kH wm0efay;oGm;&efjzpfonf? ‚if;jyif Ta&;&maumfrwDrsm;onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ac:,lzŒJG pnf;onft h csed t
f xdomjzpfonf?

(u) wd k i f ; &if ; om;a&;&maumf r wD

1? OD;at;omatmif - OuUÏ
2? a':atmifqef;pk=unf - twGi;f a&;rª;

uset f zGŒJ 0ifrsm;udk jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;onft h cg wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pk jynfo@l
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESinhf Ed‡ i_d ;f aqG;aEG;I jznfph u
G rf nf? jyefvnfzŒJG pnf;&efvt kd yfygu jyef
vnfzŒJG pnf;rnf?
(c) b¾m§ pD;yGm; § ukefoG,fa&;&maumfrwD
OD;nGe@f a0 - OuUÏ
(*) Oya'a&;&maumf r wD
OD;wifO;D - OuUÏ
(C) ynma&;&maumf r wD
a':atmifqef;pk=unf - OuUÏ
(i) usef ; rma&;/ vl r _ a &;&maumf r wD
OD;vGif - OuUÏ
(p) EdkifiHwumqufqH&;&maumfrwD
OD;atmifa&$ - OuUÏ
109
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

(q) awmif o l v ,f o rm;a&;&maumf r wD

OD;pd;k jrifh - OuUÏ
(Z) tvk y f o rm;a&;&maumf r wD
OD;oef;xGe;f - OuUÏ
OD;vGe;f wif - twGi;f a&;rª;
(ps) v$ w f a wmf a &;&maumf r wD
OD;vSaz - OuUÏ
(n) umuG , f a &;&maumf r wD
OD;wifO;D - OuUÏ

qHk;jzwfcsuftrSwf (2)
Edik if aH &;ygwt D zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;rS jynfov l x
l u k tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfov l xl rk S
qif;oufonf[al om 'Dru kd a&pDrt l & w&m;r#wpGmjzifh vGwv f yfpmG a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;
vdu
k o f nfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk w&m;Oya'rJh xkwyf ,fjcif;/ E_wx f u
G af pjcif;/
zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;/ xde;f odr;f jcif;/ axmiftusO;f csxm;jcif;rsm;udk jyif;xefpmG ±_wcf svukd of nf?
zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif/ xde;f odr;f / axmiftusO;f csjcif;cHae&aom Edik if aH &;ygwt D oD;oD;rS jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;t& c|i;f csurf &Sd tjrefq;kH jyefvnfvw $ af y;&ef av;
eufpmG awmif;qdv k u
kd of nf?

qHk;jzwfcsuftrSwf (3)
trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEiS hf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkygwrD sm;u jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lzŒJG
pnf;ay;&ef w&m;ojzifah wmif;qdv k u kd +f yD;aemufr/S 1998 ckEpS w f iG f wdik ;f jynftm%mudk odr;f ,l
xm;onfh tm%mydik rf sm;u/ Edik if aH &;ygwt D oD;oD;rS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk zrf;qD;/
csKyfaESmifxed ;f odr;f jcif;wd@k onf/ vGwv f yfI w&m;r#wpGm 1990 jynfEh pS f arvuusi;f ycJah om
ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd zsuq f ;D vdu
k jf cif;jzpfonf// Tvky&f yfukd jyif;jyif;
xefxef±w _ cf svu
kd o
f nf? Edik if w
H Edik if t
H wGuf tpOftvmqd;k 0g;vSonf? tedXm±Hk }u;D rm;vSonf?

qHk;jzwfcsuftrSwf (4)
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;a&;udp/P jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDukd zsuo
f rd ;f
ay;v#if zrf;qD;csKyaf ESmifxed ;f odr;f xm;onfh jynfo@l vw
$ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf tjcm;tzGŒJ 0if
toD;oD;wd@k ukd jyefvnfvw $ af y;rnf[k tm%mydik rf sm;u +cdr;f ajcmufa=unmaejcif;onf? jynf
olŒv$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf tjcm;tzGŒJ 0iftoD;oD;wd@k ukd "g;pmcHrsm;tjzpftoH;k ðyaejcif;
onf &mZ0wfr}_ uD;udk usL;vGeaf ejcif;omjzpfonf [kq;kH jzwfonf?

qHk;jzwfcsuftrSwf (5)

110
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

'Dru kd a&pDa&;ESihf vl@tcGit hf a&;rsm; &&Sad &;wnf;[laom rGejf rwfvaS om&nf&, G cf surf sm;
udk ,H=k unfpmG cH,v l su/f t"dÏmefjzifh ud, k u f sK;d pGe@f vsu/f tepfemcHvsu/f qif;&Jyifyef;cHvsu/f
trsK;d rsK;d ESyd pf ufcv H su/f ZG/J 0d&,
d / owWd wd@k EiS hf &yfwnfae=uaom Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;tm;vH;k rS jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf tjcm;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;udk jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaufrwDu txl;
wvnf cs;D usL;*k%ðf yyga=umif;udk ordik ;f wGif rnfrh w S w f rf;wGix
f nfo
h iG ;f yga=umif;qH;k jzwfonf?
qHk;jzwfcsuftrSwf (6)
urBmu h vk or*~tzGŒJ csKyf}u;D . (53) }urd af jrmuftaxGaxGnv D mcH}u;D / wwd, aumfrwD
u jrefrmEdik if H vlŒtcGit hf a&;tajctaeESiyhf wfoufI taxGaxGnv D mcH}uD;od@k twnfðyqH;k
jzwfcsu&f ,l&ef wnDwnGww f nf; qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;twGuf ESpaf xmif;tm;&&Syd ga=umif; qH;k jzwf
onf? txl;ojzifh qH;k jzwfcsut f yd'k f (8) ESi(hf 9) rsm;jzpfonf?

tyd'k f (8) t& Tod@k q;kH jzwfonf//

1990 jynfEh pS w f iG u
f si;f ycJah om 'Dru kd a&pDa&G;aumufyYJG ay:vGicf +hJ yD;jzpfaom jynfov l l
xk.qENEiS t hf nD/ 'Dru kd a&pDjyefvnfaz:aqmifa&;twGuv f t kd yfaom vkyaf qmifcsut f m;vH;k udk
vkyaf qmif&efEiS /hf Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf tpd;k &r[kwaf omtzGŒJ tpnf;tm;vH;k udk vGwv f yfpmG v_y&f mS ;
aqmif&u G cf iG ðhf y&eftjyif/ tcgtm;avsmpf mG tm%mydik w f @kd uay;xm;aom tmrcHcsurf sm;udk
tav;*±kðyI vkyaf qmif&ef jrefrmEdik if t H pd;k &tm; jyif;xefpmG wdu k wf eG ;f vdu
k o
f nf? Taz: jycsuyf g
wdu
k w f eG ;f csuEf iS phf yfvsO;f I trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyu
f r=umrDuzGŒJ pnf;vdu k af om jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDonfvnf; tusK;H 0ifonfuv kd nf; rSwo f m;xm;vdu k of nf?

tyd'k f (9) t&Tod@k q;kH jzwfonf?

tjynfjynfqikd &f mvlŒtcGit hf a&;a=unmpmwrf;yg tyd'k rf sm;ESit hf nD/ Edik if o H El ikd if o
H m;
tm;vH;k udk Edik if aH &;udprP sm;aqmif&u G &f mwGif vGwv
f yfpmG yg0ifaqmif&u G cf iG ahf y;&efEiS hf 'Dru kd a&pDo@kd
ajymif;vJra_ qmif&u G cf surf sm;udk jrefjrefxufxufvyk af qmif&ef/ txl;tm;jzifh 'Dru kd a&pDenf;
vrf;jzifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufxm;aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;vufo@kd tm%m
ajymif;vJa$ y;&eftwGuf oifah wmfaomvkyaf qmifcsut f m;vH;k udk ðyvky&f efuv kd nf; jrefrmEdik if H
tpd;k &tm; jyif;xefpmG wdu k w
f eG ;f onf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1360jynfEh pS /f ewfawmfvjynfah usmf (5) &uf?
1998 ckEpS /f 'dZD ifbmv (8) &uf ?

( trsK;d om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,I
l jzef‹cso
d nf? )

111
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfh aumfrwD
( jynfolŒv$wfawmf udk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 1 (1§99)

1? *syefEikd if t
H pd;k &u Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zëŒH òz;d a&;aumifpD ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;
t&m&S}d uD;wOD;udk tpd;k &.{nfo h nfawmftjzpf zdw=f um;cJo h nf? ,if;uJo h ‹kd zw
d =f um;jcif;onf
jrefrmEdik if YH 'Dru
kd a&pDEiS v hf Œl tcëit hf a&;twëuf óud;yrf;ae=uaomtzëŒJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf yk*Kd~ vfrsm;
udk enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifah csre_ ;f &mY t"duvkyaf qmifaeaom ppfaxmufveS ;f a&;tzëŒJ udk tm;ay;
tm;ajr‡mufðy&ma&mufonf?

2? xd@k a=umifh trsKd ;om;'Dru

dk a&pDtzJŒG csKyf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;u *syefEikd if H
atmufvw $ af wmfEiS hf txufvw $ af wmfEpS &f yfw@kd . OuUÏrsm;xHo@kd pmtm;jzifh rdrw d @kd . pd;k &drrf E_ iS hf
ra=ucsr;f r_ukd Zefe0g&v D (20) &ufae@/ ae@pjJG zifh jrefrmEdik if *H syefo±H ;kH rSwqifh ta=umif;=um;cJyh g
onf?

3? ta=umif;=um;csurf sm;rSm atmufygwkd jh zpfygonf?

(1) u|Eykf wf @kdonf (1990) jynfEh pS f arvwGiu f si;f ycJah om/ vGwv f yfI w&m;r#waoma&G;
aumufyrGJ sm;rSwqif/h jrefrmEdik if o H El ikd if o
H m;rsm;u a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufxm;onfh
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uonf?
(2) ,cifEpS 0f ufcef@rpS I wpf&mhig;q,fausmaf omu|Eykf w f @kd .vkyaf z:udik zf uf v$waf wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;onf jrefrmppftm%mydik rf sm;. w&m;Oya'rJx h ed ;f odr;f xm;jcif;
udck aH e&onf?
(3) T w&m;Oya'rJx h ed ;f odr;f jcif;rsm;onf v$waf wmfac:,la&;udyk w d yf if&ef&nf&, ë f
aom pepfwusppfqifa&;wck. wpdww f ydik ;f jzpfonf? Tppfqifa&;ESihf tvm;wl
jrefrmEdik if 'H rD u kd a&pDvy_ &f mS ;r_ukd acsre_ ;f &ef&nf&, G of nfv h yk if ef;rsm;udk ppfaxmuf
vSr;f a&; (MI) [lI trsm;uodaom umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf±;kH axmufvrS ;f a&;
!¸e=f um;a&;rª;Xmeu aqmif&u G af ejcif;jzpfonf?

112
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

(4) xd@k a=umifh ta&;ygaomppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;t&m&S}d uD;wOD;udk *syefEikd if o H @kd tpd;k &
{nfo h nfawmftjzpfzw d =f um;vdu k of nf[al om owif;onf tu|Eykf w f @kd tm; pd;k &drf
pdwyf suaf ponf?
(5) jrefrmEdik if jH ynfov l x l u k a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufxm;aomjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;
vS,rf sm;. wm0efrsm;udk rxrf;aqmifEikd &f ef ydwyf ifjcif;cHae&aom u|Eykf w f @kd .
vkyaf z:udik zf ufu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;.ud, k pf m;/ *syefEikd if H jynfov l x l . k a&G;cs,w f if
ajr‡mufjcif;cHxm;&aom ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tm;/ TuJo h @kd u|Eykf wf @kd Eikd if w H ië f tajc
cH 'Dru
kd a&pDvyk x f ;kH vkyef nf;rsm;ESihf vlŒtcGit hf a&;rsm;udk t"ducsKd ;zsuaf eonfh
tzGŒJ tpnf;0ifrsm;tm; {nfo h nftjzpfzw d af c: jcif;. tusKd ;oufa&mufrr_ sm;udk
*±kðy&ef u|Eykf w f @kd utoday;tyfonf?
(6) xd@k tjyif u|Eykf w f @kd onf *syefEikd if aH tmufvw $ af wmf/ txufvw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;
vS,rf sm;tm; u|Eykf w f @kd . v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD. vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;udk
axmufc&H ef yef=um;tyfonf? TaumfrwDukd ppftmtm%mydik rf sm;u trsKd ;
om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJŒG csKyf. v$waf wmfac:,lay;a&;awmif;qdck suu f kd wk@H jyef&efysuf
uGu+f yD;onfah emuf 1998 ckEpS f pufwbFmv (16) &ufae@wiG f zGŒJ pnf;cJjh cif;jzpf+yD;/
TaumfrwDonf a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufjcif;cHxm;&aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd f
pm;vS,f (60) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f ausm. f vufrw S x f ;kd ay;tyfcahJ om aqmif&u G yf ikd cf iG u hf kd
&&Sxd m;onf?
(7) v$waf wmfEpS &f yfrS OuUÏ}uD;rsm;tm; Tta=umif;=um;pmudk atmufvw $ af wmf/
txufvw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm;vH;k xHo@kd jzef@csad y;yg&ef arwWm&yfct H yf
onf? r=umrDtem*wfwiG f *syefjynfov l x l Ek iS hf jrefrmjynfov l x l . k 'Dru kd a&pD
enf;t& a&G;cs,w f ifajrm‡ ufjcif;cH&aom ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;t=um; ydrk I kd &if;ES;D um
yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G jf cif;rsm;jzpfay:vmrnf[k ar#mv f ifyh ga=umif;?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f wykw
d v
JG qef; (6)&uf//
1999 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&Dv (22)&uf//

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf//)

113
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

a-unmcsuftrSwf 1 (1§99) .
aemufqufwëJ

twif;t"rR/ tvGe@f tvGe/f n‡O;f yrf;/ zrf;qD;/ xde;f odr;f onfa=umifh t=uyftwnf;trdsK;
rsKd ;=um;rS atmufygu,
dk pf m;vS,rf sm;onfomv#if vufrw S af &;xk;d Edik yf gonf?

OD;atmifa&$ - &efuek w f idk ;f / r&rf;uke;f òrdŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)

OD;vSaz - {&m0wDwidk ;f / armfvòrdiu f |e;f òrdŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
OD;oef;xGe;f - rEœav;wkid ;f / awmifomòrdŒe,f rJqENe,f (2)
OD;!Ge@f a0 - yJc;l wkid ;f / awmifiòl rdŒe,f rJqENe,f (2)
OD;vGif - &efuek w f idk ;f / ok;H cGòrdŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
a'guw f maZmfjrifh - {&m0wDwidk ;f / [oFwòrdŒe,f rJqENe,f (2)
'l;0g;aZmfatmif - ucsifjynfe,f/ 0kid ;f armfòrdŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
OD;nDyk - &ckid jf ynfe,f/ *G®rŒe,f rJqENe,f
a':arESi;f =unf - rEœav;wkid ;f / rk;d ukw®f rŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
OD;a';ApfvjS rifh - {&m0wDwidk ;f / iykawm®rŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
OD;vGe;f wif - rGejf ynfe,f/ armfv®rif®rŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
OD;pk;d jrifh (ac: ) ocifp;dk jrifh - &efuek w f idk ;f / awmifOuUvmy®rŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
OD;apmpdex f eG ;f - yJc;l wkid ;f / ewfwvif;òrdŒe,f rJqENe,f (2)
OD;!Ge@f 0if; - {&m0wDwidk ;f / a&=unfòrdŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
OD;0rf;armif - rEœav;wkid ;f / wyfuek ;f òrdŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
Akv
d rf ;ª armifarmifjrif(h +idr;f )- rEœav;wkid ;f / rdwv ˆD m®rŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
OD;jrarmif - &efuek w f idk ;f / a'gy®Hk rŒe,f rJqENe,f
OD;ausmf - rEœav;wkid ;f / ysO;f rem;®rŒe,f rJqENe,f (2)
OD;cifarmifOD; - weoFm&Dwidk ;f / uíe;f pk®rŒe,f rJqENe,f
a':cifpef;vdi_ f - ppfuidk ;f wkid ;f / 0ufvuf®rŒe,f rJqENe,f (2)
OD;pdev f iG f - &efuek w f idk ;f / a&$jynfom®rŒe,f rJqENe,f
ocifcif!e¸ ‹f - rauë;wkid ;f / a&eHacsmif;®rŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)
OD;wifatmif - {&m0wDwidk ;f / 0g;c,fr®rŒe,f rJqENe,f (1)

114
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
( jynfolŒv$wfawmf udk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 2 (1§99)

1990 jynfEh pS f ygwpD 'Hk rD u

dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG S wifajr‡mufvu dk af om jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfukd uk,
d pf m;ðyonfah umfrw D D (jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
dk pf m;ðyaumfrwD) u *syefEikd if H
v$waf wmf (2) &yf. OuUÏ }uD;rsm;xHo@dk 21-1-99 &ufae@u arwWm&yfco H nfth a=umif;pmyg
tcsurf sm;uko
d o
d m&ef a=unmtyfonf?

(p) “1? 1990 jynfEh pS f arva&G;aumufyw GJ iG f a&G;cs,w f ifajrm‡ ufjcif;cH&aom jrefrmEdik if jH ynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; av;eufpmG pk;d &draf omujzpfapaeonfh ta=umif;t&mwckudk
*syefEikd if H atmufvw $ af wmfEiS hf txufvw $ af wmfOuUÏ}uD;rsm;tm; today;vkyd gonf? a&G;
aumufyrJG sm; usi;f ycJo h nfrmS (9) ESpef ;D yg;&S+d yDjzpfaomfvnf; jrefrmEdik if w H iG f ,cifu Edik if aH wmf
+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ / ,ck Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH ®z;a&;aumifp[ D k
ac:wGiaf eaom ppftm%mykid w f @dk onf v$waf wmfuadk c:,lay;&ef jiif;qkcd o hJ nf? xk@d tjyif v$wf
awmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f ajrmuftrsm;ukd Edik x f ufp;D eif;usiI hf xkwyf ,fjcif;/ tusO;f csjcif;/ twif;
t=uyfEw _ xf u G af pjcif;rsm;ukd ðyvkyaf eygonf? tcsKŒd uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;onf Edik if aH &;ZmwfcaHk y: Y
'Drudk a&pDa&;v_y&f mS ;r_udk qufvufaqmif&u G Ef ikd &f eftwGuf jynfyok@d xu G cf mG cJ=h uygonf?

2? 1998 ckEpS f ZGev f wGif 82µ (&Spq f ,fEh pS &f mckid Ef e_ ;f )r#rq
J ENe,frsm;wGif tEdik &f &Scd ahJ om
trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf/ Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH ®z;a&;aumifpu D dk rdrw
d @dk
1990 jynfEh pS t f wGi;f ay;cJah om uwdrsm;ESihf uku d n f pD mG / v$waf wmfudk 1998 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f
(21) &ufae@rwkid rf aD c:,lay;yg&ef awmif;qkcd yhJ gonf? tm%mykid rf sm;onf Tawmif;qkcd suu f dk
wk@H jyef&efysuu f u G af v&m trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf v$waf wmfac:,la&;wm0efudk rdrw d @dk
uk, d w f idk f cH,v l yk af qmifrnft h a=umif; a=unmcJyh gonf? tm%mykid w f @dk .wk@H jyefcsurf mS a&G;cs,f
wifajrm‡ ufjcif;cHxm;&aom v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf wufºupG mG v_y&f mS ;aeonfh trsKd ;om;
'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ESihf axmufco H rl sm;tm; Oya'rJh xde;f odr;f vku d jf cif;yifjzpfygonf?

3? xk@d a=umihf 1998 ckEpS /f pufwbFmv (16) &ufae@wiG /f v$waf wmfac:,lEikd af &;twGuf
óudwifjyifqifEikd &f ef/ v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrw
D u
D dk zGŒJ pnf;cJyh gonf? aumfrwD0if (10) OD;wk@d
115
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

teuf wOD;rSm wkid ;f &if;om;ygwrD sm;jzpfaom &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &ckid 'f rD dk
ua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGet f rsKd ;om;rsm;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ / Zkrd ;D trsKd ;om;uGe*f &ufw@dk udk uk, d pf m;ðyonfh
yk*K~ v
d jf zpfygonf? txufazmfjyyg ygwrD sm;teuf yxrygwED pS cf o k nf 1990 jynfEh pS af &G;aumufyYJG
rJqENe,frsm;wëif 'kw, d ESihf wwd,trsm;qk;H toD;oD;tEdik &f &Scd }hJ uygonf?
4? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDudk zGŒJ pnf;vku d of nft h csed rf pS I tm%mykid rf sm;
onf 'Dru dk a&pDvy_ &f mS ;r_rsm;ukad csre_ ;f &ef óud;yrf;csurf sm;ukd t&Sed t f [kef jr‡ichf yhJ gonf? 'Dru dk a&pD
ESihf vl@tcëit hf a&;twGuv f y_ &f mS ;aeaom trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEiS hf tjcm;tzGŒJ tpnf;
rsm;.tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ukd odrzf si;f vSpmG ESyd pf ufzEd ydS jf cif;rsm;ukðd yvky+f yD;/ v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumf
rwDu v$waf wmfOuUÏtjzpf trnfwifoiG ;f xm;aom/ &ckid 'f rD u dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf OuUÏ vnf;jzpf
aom a'guw f mOD;apmjratmif tygt0if (150) ausmaf om v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;ukd Oya'
rJx
h ed ;f odr;f xm;ygonf? 'Dru dk a&pDvy_ &f mS ;r_udk acsre_ ;f +y;D (1990) jynfEh pS f a&G;aumufy&GJ v'frsm;ukd
ta[moduH jzpfap&ef &nf&, G of nfh ppfqifa&;wckv;Hk ukd umuG,af &;0ef}u;D Xme/ ppfbufaxmuf
vSr;f a&;!¸e=f um;a&;rª;±k;H u OD;pD;aqmif&u G v
f su&f ydS gonf? xk@d a=umihf xkXd merS =oZm&Sad omtzGŒJ
0ifrsm;ukd *syefEikd if oH @dk tpk;d &{nfo h nfawmfrsm;tjzpfzw d =f um;jcif;onf tav;teufp;dk &draf om
ua&mufaponfh ta=umif;t&mjzpfygonf?

5? OuUÏ}uD;wk@d . v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf jynfov l x l u k rdrw d @dk tpk;d &ukd rdrw
d @dk
uk,d w
f idk af &G;cs,Ef ikd jf cif;[laom ±kyo f rd ;f r&onfh tcëit hf a&;onf *syefEikd if w H iG &f ydS gonf? xkud o hJ @dk
aom*k%o f ud mQ ukv d ufcx H m;onfh yk*K~ v d rf sm;taejzifh jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f 'Drudk a&pDa&;ESihf tajccH
vlŒtcëit hf a&;vkyef nf;vky[ f efrsm;ukd pHepfwus csKd ;azguaf eonfh &ufpuf=urf;ñuwfaom ppf
axmufvSrf;a&;tzGJŒwckukd axmufcHaeonfhEdkifiHtjzpf txiftjrifrcH&ap&ef vkdtyfonfh
aqmif&u G cf surf sm;udk ðyvkyaf y;yg&ef OuUÏ}uD;rsm;rSwqifh arwWm&yfcyH ef=um;tyfygonf?

6? *syefEikd if EH iS hf jrefrmEdik if w H @dk wiG f 'Dru

dk a&pDenf;t& a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufjcif;cHxm;&onfh
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,w f @dk onf/ rdrw d @dk . a'oESihf wurBmvk;H . vGwv f yfa&;ESihf +ird ;f csr;f
a&;twGuf twlwuGvyk u f idk Ef ikd rf nfh tcsed af &mufvmrnf[k u|Eykf w f @dk tckid t
f rm,k=H unfygonf?

7? Tta=umif;=um;csuu f dk OuUÏ }uD;rsm;. v$waf wmfu,dk pf m;vS,t

f m;vk;H xHo@dk a0iS
ay;&ef arwWm&yfct H yfygonf?” (qk;H )
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f wyk‹d wvJG qef; (9)&uf?
1999 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&Dv (25)&uf?

(trdsK;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

116
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyo!fhaumfrwD
( jynfolŒv$wfawmf udk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf = 3 (1§99)

1? w&m;0ifrw S yf w
kH ifxm;+yD;/ w&m;0if&yfwnfaeonfh trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf A[dk
tvkytf r_aqmifwOD;jzpfaom OD;oef;xGe;f tay: w&m;Oya'rsm;ESiu hf if;rJph mG ta=umif;rJv h yk f
aqmifaejcif;rsm;ESiyhf wfoufI atmufygtwdik ;f a=unmvdu k o f nf?

2? trsKd ;om;Edik if aH &;. t"duOD;wnfcsurf sm;jzpfaom 'Dru kd a&pDa&;ESihf vlŒtcGit

hf a&;
rsm;&&Scd pH m;Edik &f efaqmif&u G af &;twGu/f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfukd jyÏmef;xm;onfh Oya'/
enf;Oya'rsm;t& (17-9-88)&ufae@u EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfyHkwifjcif;Oya't& w&m;0if
rSwyf w
kH ifc+hJ yD;/ w&m;0ifzŒJG pnf;v_y&f mS ;pnf;±H;k aeonf?

3? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif; Oya'tcef; (1)/ yk'rf 2? (u) u Tod@k qdx k m;onf?
“Edik if aH &;ygwq D o kd nfrmS ppfreS af omygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDuv
kd ufcu H siohf ;kH aom tzGŒJ tpnf;udq k v
kd kd
onf?” Tqdx k m;csuEf iS t
f nD tzGŒJ csKyf. OD;wnfcsurf sm;t& xif&mS ;ay:vGiaf eonf?
4? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w
kH ifjcif; Oya'tcef; (2)/ yk'rf (3) yg c|i;f csurf sm;ESihf vH;k 0uif;vGwf
aeonfa=umifh trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf w&m;0if&yfwnfaeaom/ trsKd ;om;Edik if aH &;
tzGŒJ tpnf;jzpfonf?

5? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif; Oya'tcef; (3) wGif jyÏmef;csurf sm;ESihf uif;vGwof nf
a=umifh trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyof nf 1990 jynfEh pS f arvu usi;f ycJo h nfh “vëwvf yfI w&m;
r#wonf” qdak om ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxëtaxëa&G;aumufyw Jë ië f yg0if/ 0ifa&muf ta&G;cHchJ
Edik yf gonf? ‚if;jyif rSwyf w kH ifjcif; Oya'tcef; (2)/ yk'rf - 4 t& ESiv hf nf; uduk n
f oD jzifh a&G;
aumufyw JG iG f 0ifa&mufEikd cf o hJ nf?

6? (1) “vGwv f yfIw&m;r#wonf” qdak om ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGtaxGa&G;aumufyJG

wGif trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu rJqENe,f (485) ae&mteuf (392) ae&m
wGif tjywftowftEdik &f &Scd o hJ nf? jynfov l xl u k rdrw d @kd yikd q
f ikd o
f nfh “tcsKyf
tjcmtm%monf jynfov l x l rk S qif;oufonf” qdak om tcsKyftjcmtm%m
udk 'Dru
kd a&pDusiphf Oft&toH;k ðyI tzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
avmif;rsm;udk wcJeuf qENraJ y;vdu k =f uI ud,
k pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;onf jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; jzpfvm=uonf? od@k jzpfa=umif;udv k nf; tm%mydik f
wd@k u w&m;0iftodtrSwðf y+yD;jzpfonf? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG

117
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

usi;f ya&;ESio hf ufqikd o f nfh a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Siu f rnforl nf0gonf rnfonfh

rJqENe,frS a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
rsm;jzpfa=umif;udk w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf?
(2) Oyrm OD;oef;xëe;f ESihf ywfoufv#if a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f (6-6-90)
&ufae@pJë a=unmcsuf (609) jzifh rEœav;wdik ;f / awmifom®rŒe,f/ jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfrq J ENe,fajrtrSwf (2) rSa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aomjynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'rf 41/ yk'rf cGJ
(*)ESifhtnD a=unmtyfygonf[k az: jycJhonfa=umifh OD;oef;xGef;onf
w&m;0ifaeonfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f OD;jzpfonf? rnfou l r# jiif;
y,fEikd jf cif;rðyEdik ?f tm%mydik rf sm;u “Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;” “Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;” [k ae@pOfvkd
vdyk ifaºuG;a=umfaeonft h &vnf; OD;oef;xGe;f onf w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,jf zpfaeonf?
(3) OD;oef;xGe;f onf ‚if;ESi, hf OS ®f yifol (4) OD; teufrS vGecf o Jh nf (9) ESpcf ef@u ‚if;twGuf
qENraJ y;cGi&hf o dS Ol ;D a&rSm (63115) OD;/ rJay;ol (47343) OD;ESihf cdik v f rkH J (42749)
&&Sod nfa=umifh &mcdik Ef e_ ;f (70.38) jzifjh ynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;
aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onfh yk*Kd~ vfjzpfonf?

7? TuJo@kd rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l uk wcJeufqENay;vdu k I f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;

vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onfh *k%o f a&&Sd yk*Kd~ vf}uD;jzpfonft h jyif rdrEd ikd if aH wmf
vGwv f yfa&;&S&d ef óu;d yrf;r_tqifq h ifw
h iG f ud,
k wf ikd uf ,kd u f s yg0ifxrf;aqmifvy_ &f mS ;cJo h nfh yk*Kd~ v}f u;D
ud/k OD;oef;xGe;f . arG;&mZmwdjzpf+yD;/ }uD;jyif;vmcJo h nfh a'orS 15-12-98 &ufae@u awmif
om®rŒe,f 0Javmifwu kd ef ,fa'o/ ±H;k pnf}uD;wdu k ef ,fa'oESi/hf zufawmwdu k ef ,f a'o rsm;Y
rnfou l aus;&Gmvlxu k kd pka0;apI/ rnfou l rnfo@kd trde@f ay;cdik ;f apjcif;rsm;udk twdtus rod&
bJ/ aus;&ëmjynfojl ynfom;rsm;udk pka0;ap+y;D w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;oef;xGe;f
tm; tm%mydik t f zGŒJ tpnf;wd@k uom wOD;wnf; OD;pD;ydik q f ikd I
f vufuikd x f m;onfh owif;pmrsm;
u (p) “awmifom®rŒe,f/ rJqENe,f trSwf (2)rS v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;oef;xGe;f tm; t,Ht k
=unfr&S/d vH;k 0raxmufcaH =umif; qENðyrJqEN&iS f ig;aomif;ajcmufaxmifausmf vufrw S af &;xd;k
rSww f rf;ay;tyf” (qH;k ) qdak om acgi;f pOfjzifh a&;om;xm;onfuakd wGŒ&S&d onf?

8? Tvky&f yfrsm;onf atmufygta=umif;rsm;a=umifh vH;k 0O\Hk w&m;r0ifonfv h yk &f yf

rsm;jzpfonf?
(u) Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzëJ /h (,ck Edik if aH wmf at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf
zëH ®h z;a&;aumifp)D . 18-9-88 ae@pyJG g trde@f trSwf 2§88 tyd'k f 1?(c) t& “» » »
vlig;a,mufEiS hf vlig;OD;xufyI kd vrf;rsm;ay:wëipf ak 0;jcif;” rðy&[laom tcsuo f nf
,ae@xufwikd f touf0ifvsu&f adS eonf? od@k aomf txufaz: jyyg ae&mwdk Yh (5)OD;
xufyo kd nfh vlrsm;jzifh pka0;cJo
h nf?
(c) ‚if;jyif “qlyv l @_H aqmfvakd om &nf&, G cf sujf zifjh zpfap/ jypfrw
_ pHw
k &m usL;vGev
f akd om

118
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

&nf&, G cf sujf zifjh zpfap » » »” [kqx kd m;jyefonf? od‹k aus;&Gmvlxu k pkd ak 0;+y;D vkyaf qmif
jcif;onf qlyrl j_ zpfapEdik o f nf? tb,fah =umifq h akd omf um,uH&iS yf *k Kd~ vfukd axmufcH
olrsm;ESi/hf raxmufco H rl sm; tcsi;f jzpfymG ;+yD; qlyrl j_ zpfEikd pf &mta=umif;&So d nf?
(*) vl (5) a,mufxufyI kd pka0;jcif;rSm oufqikd &f mtm%mydik w f @kd . cGiðhf ycsurf &bJ rnfo@kd
r#pka0;jcif;rðyEdkifyg? txufyguJhodk@ qlylv_yf&Sm;r_jzpfay:apEdkifonfh vlpka0;jcif;udk
cGiðhf y+yD;/ rnfonft h cgwiG rf S &yf&mG at;csr;f om,ma&;udrk xdcu kd Ef ikd o
f nfh pka0;jcif;rsm;
udk trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyftm; tm%mydik rf sm;u w}udrw f cgr# cëiðhf ycJjh cif; r&Sad cs?
(C) tm%mydik w f kd u
h w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfaeonf[k todtrSwf
ðyxm;onfyh *k Kd~ vfukd “t,Ht k =unfr&S/d vH;k 0 raxmufc»H »»” tp&So d nfw@kd onf
oufqikd &f myk*Kd~ vf. *k%o f u d mQ udk xdcu kd af ponf?
(i) yk*Kd~ vfwOD;wa,muf. *k%o f u d mQ udk xdcu kd o
f nfa=umifh w&m;Oya't& ta&;,ljcif;
cHEikd &f onfh olrsm;rSm atmufygwdk h jzpfonf?
(1) 0Javmifwu kd ef ,fa'orS obmywdtzGŒJ 0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom t+ird ;f pm; txufwef;
ausmif;tky}f uD;OD;rif;vGi/f armfawmf,mOfvyk if ef;ydik &f iS f OD;vSaiG/ t+idr;f pm; rlv
wef; ausmif;tkyq f &m}u;D OD;ayg/ tcrf;tem;rª;rsm;jzpf=uaom a': &D&aD t;/ rJqEN
&Sirf sm;uk,d pf m;[kac:qdak om udik ;f &GmrS awmifo}l uD;OD;ausmaf tmif/ t,Ht k =unf
r&Sd vH;k 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif; qENðyvufrw S af &;xd;k xm;onfh rSww f rf;udak y;
tyfol 0Javmifaus;&ëmrS awmifo}l uD; OD;uHxed /f vufco H l awmifomòrdŒe,f a&G;
aumufyaJG umfr&Sicf t JG zGŒJ 0if òrdŒe,fw&m;ol}uD; OD;rif;Edik ?f

rSwcf suf = a±G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siq f o

kd nfrmS a±G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;twGuo f m
zGŒJ pnf; ay;jcif;cHxm;&onft h zGŒJ jzpfonf? a±G;aumufy_JG y;D onfrmS (9)ESpaf usmef ;D yg;yifjzpf
aeonfa-umifh a±G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siqf o
kd nf.vkyif ef;rSm _y;D qH;k ae_yjD zpfonf?)

(2) ±H;k pnf}uD;wdu k ef ,fa'rS obmywdtzGŒJ 0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom armfawmf,mOfvyk if ef;

ydik &f iS f OD;xufprf;/ awmifoOl ;D xGe;f at;/ awmifoOl ;D aZmfjrif/h tcrf;tem;rª;rsm;jzpf
=uaom a':atmifar=unf ESihf a':cifoif;aqG/ a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufjcif;cH&onfh
yk*Kd~ vfukd ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS jyefvnfy,fzsuaf y;apvdak =umif; rSww f rf;wifjyol
±Hk;pnf}uD;aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;xdef0if;ESifh vufcHol ®rŒe,faumfr&SiftzGJŒcGJrS
OD;vSwif?
(3) zufawmwdu k ef ,fa'orS obmywdtzGŒJ 0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom awmifo}l u;D rsm; jzpf=u
onfh OD;cuf&if/ OD;ode;f xëe;f / OD;aiëayg/ tcrf;tem;rª;rsm;jzpf=uaom a':0if;0if;
ESihf a':rlro l ef;/ w&m;0iftodtrSwðf yxm;+yD;onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;
vS,u f kd todtrSwrf ðy&ef &Si;f vif;ajym=um;onfh bk&m;vSaus;&GmrS awmifol
OD;jrifo h ed ;f / rSww f rf;rsm;udak y;tyfonfh +cH}uD;aus;&GmrS awmifoOl ;D tke;f aqmif/
rSww f rf;udk vufco H l ®rŒe,faumfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGJ wGb
J uftwGi;f a&;rª; OD;wifoed ;f ?

119
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

9? txufygvyk &f yfrsm;onf tm%mydik rf sm;u xkwjf yefxm;onfh Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; rSwyf kH
wifjcif;Oya'/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOGJ ya'ESihf (,cif) Edik if aH wmf +idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnf
aqmufa&;tzGŒJ / (,ck) Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH ®z;a&;aumifp. D trde@f trSwf 2§88
ygjyÏmef;csurf sm;udk vH;k 0O\Hzk suq f ;D vdu
k jf cif; jzpfayonf?
10? vH;k 0rvkyo f ifrh vkyx
f u
kd of nfuh pd /P Oya'rJ/h w&m;rJ/h ta=umif;rJh aqmif&u G jf cif;rsm;udk
trsKd ;om;'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu jyif;xefpmG ±_wcf suef@uu G v
f ukd o
f nf? tqdyk gvyk &f yfrsm;udk tjref
qH;k jyefvnf±w k o
f rd ;f ay;&ef av;eufpmG wdu k w f eG ;f vdu
k o
f nf?

11? txufygvyk &f yfrsm;onf oufqikd &f mtm%mydik w f @kd u wzufwvrf;u yg0ifaqmif
&Guaf ejcif;jzpfonf[k wGucf su,f ql Edik yf gonf? tm%mydik w f @kd onf trsm;jynfov l x
l zk ufrS Oya'
t&tumtuG,af y;&rnft h pm; jynfov l x l w
k @kd tm;ESyd uf yG af eonfjzpfonfa=umifh odumQ us
vGe;f vSonf? wdik ;f jynftm%mydik rf sm;onf odumQ &So d nfv h yk if ef;&yfrsm;udo
k m vkyaf qmifoif+h yD;
rdrw
d @kd xw
k jf yefxm;onfh Oya'rsm;udk rdrw d kd u
h csKd ;azgurf ypf&efjzpfonf?

12? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifwOD;jzpf+yD; w&m;0ifaeonfh jynf
olŒv$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfol OD;oef;xGe;f ESihf ywfoufI vky&f yfrsm;rSm-
(1) a&G;aumufyJG Oya'udk vdu k ef mr_r&Sjd cif;/
(2) a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yay;onfh tm%mydik w f kd u
h kd raxrJjh rifðyjcif;/
(3) tjcm;tjcm;aom rJqEN&iS f jynfow l kd .h *k%o f u
d mQ udk usapjcif;/
(4) a&G;aumufyu JG kd odumQ udck sjcif;/
(5) a&G;aumufy&JG v'fuzkd suyf pfvjkd cif;/
(6) w&m;Oya'rJv h yk &f yfrsm;udk tm%mydik t f zGŒJ wd@k u oef &h iS ;f pif=u,fI ±d;k om;jzLpif
ajzmifjh zL;+yD; a=umufpw d tf oGi;f cHae&aom jynfov l xl uk kd ckw;kH vkyjf cif;/
(7) w&m;0iftrsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf rS w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
rsm;udk enf;rsKd ;pHt k oH;k ðyI E_wx f uG af pjcif; tp&So d nfwkd jh zpfonf?

13? OD;oef;xGe;f ESihf ywfoufI w&m;Oya'rJah qmif&u G =f uolrsm;onf Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_
wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ / (,ck) Edik if aH wmf at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH ®z;a&;aumifpu
D xkwjf yef xm;
onfh “w&m;pD&ifa&;Oya'” tcef; (2) yg jyÏmef;csurf sm;ESihf tcef; (3) yk'rf 4? (u) rsm;udk
owdr=l u&ef owday;vdu k o
f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f wyd‹k wv
JG qef; (13)&uf?
1999 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&Dv(29)&uf?

(trdsK;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf//)

120
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 4 (2§99)

1? w&m;0if&yfwnfvy_ &f mS ;aeaom trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKy. f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd f
pm;vS,rf sm;ESihf tzGŒJ csKyrf S jynfe,f§wdik ;f / ®rŒe,f/ &yf§aus;ESihf ±d;k ±d;k tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;udk axmufvrS ;f a&;
tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;u ta=umif;rJ/h Oya'rJ/h rw&m; zrf;qD;/ csKyfaESmif/ xde;f odr;f xm;cJo h nf? tcsKd Œudk
(1998) ckEpS /f ZGev
f rSpI vnf;aumif;/ trsm;pkukd (1998) ckEpS f pufwbFmvrS pIvnf;aumif;
zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifcohJ nf?

2? vH;k 0O\Ht k jypfr&So

d nfyh *k Kd~ vrf sm;udk rnfonfh Oya'udrk # ud;k um;jcif;r&Sb d J tom;vGwf
zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;rsm;onf vH;k 0w&m;0ifonfu h pd rP [kwyf g? rdrwd ikd ;f jynfwiG f Oya'&S[
d ef
rwlonft h ajctaeod@k a&mufaeygonf?

3? tzGŒJ csKyfrS zrf;qD;xm;onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;
vS,tf jzpfrv S nf;aumif;/ tzGŒJ csKyfrv S nf;aumif; twif;t"rREw _ xf u G af pcdik ;f jcif;/ usetf zGŒJ 0if
rsm;udk tzGŒJ csKyfrS twif;t"rRw&m;Oya'rJEh w _ xf uG af pcdik ;f jcif;rsm;udk axmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ 0if
rsm;uaqmif&u G af eonf? TudprP sm;onf &mZowf}uD; (jypfrq _ ikd &f mOya') yk'rf (503) ESihf
(506) wd@k ukd usL;vëeI f &mZ0wfrr_ sm;udk usL;vGeaf ejcif;yifjzpfonf? zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxed ;f odr;f
cHxm;olrsm;udk twif;t"rR+cdr;f ajcmufI E_wx f uG af pjcif;rsm;onf vH;k 0O\Hk vkyo f ifv
h yk xf u kd f
onfuh pd &P yfr[kwaf y? aqmif&u G o
f rl sm;twëuf odumQ usveG ;f onf?

4? txufyguo hJ @kd tzëŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; twif;t"rR E_wf
xGuaf pcdik ;f jcif;rsm;udk wyfrawmfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ rS Adv k rf ;ª pnfol (trftikd t f rSwf 6) ESihf Adv
k rf ;ª
ol& (ac: ) aepd;k (trftikd t f rSwf 12) wd@k u ud, k w
f ikd u
f ,
kd u
f s aqmif&u ë af eonf[k =um;od&onf?
tm%mydik rf sm;u w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;[kaºu;G a=umfxm;onfrsm;t& TudprP sm;udk qufvufI
raqmif&u G af p&ef txuftm%mydik rf sm;u wm;qD;ydwyf ifay;&efwu kd w
f eG ;f vdu
k o
f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f wyd‹k wv
JG jynfah usm(f 1)&uf//
1999 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&Dv(1)&uf//

(trdsK;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf//)
121
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD ) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 5 (2§99)

1? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu 29-1-99 &ufpjJG zifh xkwjf yefcohJ nfh a=unmcsut f rSwf
16 (1§99) udk ,ck 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG S wifajrm‡ ufvukd af om
jynfo@l vw
$ af wmfuu kd ,
kd pf m;ðyonfah umfrwD (jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD) . a=unm
csutf rSw-f 3 (1§99) [k jyifqifxm;onf?

2? tqdyk ga=unmcsuw f iG yf g0ifonfh a=unmcsurf sm;ESihf ywfoufI aemufxyf=um;od&

onfh ta=umif;t&mrsm;udk xyfraH zmfjyvdu k o
f nf?
(u) rEœav;wdik ;f awmifom®rŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfov l xl u k axmufcI H qEN
rJay;+y;D / jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufjcif;cH&+y;D / w&m;
0ifaeonfu h , kd pf m;vS,u f kd rnfonfOh ya'rSr&So d nfh rw&m;aom enf;vrf;rsm;t&/
twif;t"rR E_wx f uG af p&ef twif;t"rRzt d m;ay;jcif;/ od@k E_wx f u ë af p&ef vlpak 0;&mY
awmifom®rŒay: &S&d yfuu G rf sm;rSrq J EN&iS rf sm; yg0ifwufa&mufcjhJ cif;r&S[ d k =um;od&onf?
(c) jynfov l x l u
k pkd pk nf;ap&mwGif ±d;k om;jzLpifI aumif;&maumif;a=umif;jzifh toufarG;
0rf;a=umif;ðyaeaom aus;&Gmolaus;&Gmom;rsm;tm; oufqikd &f mtm%mydik rf sm;u
ajymifajymifwif;wif;aqmif&Gufjcif;r&SdbJ aemufuG,frSaeI twif;t"rRrw&m;
+cdr;f ajcmufonfv h yk if ef;rsm;udk atmufygtwdik ;f aqmif&u G of nf[k =um;od&onf?
(1) vlpak 0;&mod@k rwufa&mufv#if oufqikd &f mtm%mydik w f @kd u '%faiG±u kd rf nf§ r±duk f
rnfukd tmrcHjcif;rðyEdik af =umif;/ rdru d ,kd rf rd d aetdrrf sm;twGuf vHòk cHa&;tmr˜rcH
Edik af =umif;/ ab;tEœ&m,ftrs;d rsKd ;ESihf awGŒóuHEikd af =umif;?
(2) pnf;a0;&mod@k wufa&mufap&mwGif touf (18) ESpf jynho f wl ikd ;f udk rnfonfah cgi;f
pOfrrS ygonfh pm&Gut f vGwaf y:wGif trnf/ touf/ tvkyt f udik /f arG;ouU&mZf
ESihf vufrw S rf sm;udk twif;t"rRa&;xd;k apcdik ;f jcif;/ (1990jynfEh pS f a&G;aumufyu JG si;f
ypOfu/ Tvli,frsm;onf rnfuo hJ kd h touf (18) ESpf jynfah ernfenf;) wrifouf
ouf uvdru f uspu f sjcif;jzpfonf?

3? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfac:,lay;&ef trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyu

f w&m;ojzifh awmif;
qdck o
hJ nf? tm%mydik wf @kd uvspv
f sL±_co
hJ nf? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yf ay:ayguv f mjcif;r&Sad o;bJ
122
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f OD;onf rdr. d rJqENe,ftwGuf aumif;usKd ;/ raumif;usKd ; vkyf
aqmifEikd rf nfukd rnfou l qH;k jzwfEikd yf grnfenf;? wrifoufouf tzGŒJ csKyfEiS hf tzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,u f kd rw&m;vkyaf qmifjcif;omjzpfonfrmS xif&mS ;aeonf? Tudpu P kd
vlwikd ;f vG,vf , G Ef iS yhf if awG;awm}uHqEdik o f nf?

4? w&m;Oya'ESiyhf wfoufIwifjy&v#if ,cifEikd if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ /

,ck Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH ®z;a&;aumifpu
D 26-9-88 &ufae@pEJG iS hf xkwjf yefxm;
onfh w&m;pD&ifa&; Oya'ygtcsurf sm;udk awmifomòrŒd e,f jynfov l xl o k od m&ef xkwaf zmfvu
kd f
onf?

Oya'/ tcef;(2)
w&m;pD&ifa&;qdik &f mrlrsm;/

yk'rf -2 ? w&m;pD&if&mwGif atmufygrrl sm;tay: tajccHIpD&if&rnf-

(u) Oya'ESihf tnD vGwv f yfpmG w&m;pD&ifjcif;/
(c) jynfow l @kd . tusKd ;pD;yGm;udk umuG,af pmifah &SmufI w&m;Oya' pd;k rd;k a&;/ e,fajr
at;csr;f om,ma&;wnfaqmuf&mwGif taxmuftul jzpfapjcif;/
(*) Oya'udk jynforl sm;u em;vnfvu kd ef musio
hf ;kH vmap&ef ynmay;jcif;ESihf jynfol
rsm;u Oya'udv k u kd ef maomtavhtusihf ysKd ;axmifay;jcif;/
(C) tr_upd rP sm;udk Oya'cGiðhf ycsuaf bmiftwGi;f Y Oya'ESit hf nD ausat;+yD;jywfap
&efaqmif&u G jf cif;/
(i) Oya't& wm;jrpfxm;csurf t S y jynfoŒl a&SŒarSmufwiG f w&m;pD&ifjcif;/
(p) tr_wiG f ckcaH csycGiEhf iS hf Oya't& t,lcyH ikd cf iG ahf y;jcif;/
(q) jypfru_ sL;vGeo f u l kd ta&;,ltjypfay;&mwGif tusiphf m&dwW ðyjyifru _ kd OD;wnfjcif;/

Oya'/ tcef;(4)
w&m;±H;k csKyf. pD&ifyikd cf ië hf tm%mrsm;/

yk'rf -4 ? w&m;±H;k csKyf. pD&ifyikd cf iG hf tm%mrsm;onf atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf-

(u) jypfrq _ ikd &f m rlvr_/ w&m;r rlvr_ukd pD&ifjcif;/

5? urBmrh nfonfh wdik ;f jynfYrqdk jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf jynfov l x l u k
a&G;cs,wf ifajrm‡ ufxm;onf/h jynfov l x
l uk ,
kd pf m; aumif;&maumif;usKd ;rsm;udk v$waf wmfrw S qifh
aqmif&u G cf iG hf tjynft h 0&S=d uonfh *k%u f suo f a&taygi;f ESihf jynfpo
kH rl sm;jzpf=uonf? xdu k o hJ @kd
aomyk*~Kdvfrsm;udk rnfonfhtjypftemtqmr#r&SdbJ/ epfemap&ef *k%foduQmysufjym;ap&ef
ðyvkyaf qmif&u G jf cif;onf wdik ;f jynf.ordik ;f tem*wfukd oabmraygu/f wdik ;f jynfEiS v hf rl sKd ;.
123
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
*k%o f ud mQ udk raxmufxm;/ twdw/f ypPKy`e/f tem*wfw@kd . qufpyfru _ v
kd nf; em;rvnf/ rdrd
wd@k vyk Ef ikd cf iG &hf cdS u
kd f xif&mpdik ;f vkyu f ikd rf nf[al om rrSeaf omoabmxm;±dik ;f jzifh vkyu
f ikd jf cif;
omjzpfonf? vH;k 0O\Hk rvkyo f ifrh vkyx f u
kd af omudp&P yfjzpfonf?

6? urBmt h v,fwiG f rdrw d ikd ;f jynf. odumQ usqif;r_ rjzpfap&efvnf;aumif;/ Tod‹k r[kwf
rw&m;vkyu f ikd o f rl sm;ud, k wf ikd .f *k%o f u
d mQ rusqif;ap&eftwGuv f nf;aumif;/ rdru
d ,
kd u
f rkd rd d
umuG,yf ikd cf iG hf vH;k 0aysmufq;kH aeaomjynfov l x
l u
k ckd w
k ;kH vkyI
f rw&m;toH;k csaomvky&f yfukd
tjrefq;kH &yfpv J u kd &f efwu
kd wf eG ;f vdu k o f nf?

7? rEœav;wdik ;f awmifom®rŒe,frS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd f

pm;vS,Ef iS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu,
kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD0if OD;oef;xGe;f ESiw hf uG/ tjcm; jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm;vH;k wd@k taejzifh tm%mydik rf sm;u jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;
&ef ysuu f uG af eaoma=umifh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;. tcGit hf m%mESihf vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;t&
jynfoŒl tusKd ;ðyvkyif ef;rsm;udk ,cktcsed t f xd vkyyf ikd cf iG v
hf ;kH 0r&S=d uao;acs?

8? jynfoh Œl v$waf wmfu,

kd pf m;vS,rf sm;taejzifh jynfovl xl Ek iS hf wdik ;f jynftwGuf tusKd ;ðy
vkyif ef;&yfrsm;udk jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrw S qifh aqmif&u
G af y;&ef wm0ef&o dS nft h avsmuf/ 1990
jynfEh pS f a&G;aumufyOJG ya't& a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onfh ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk tjcm;
aom rnfonfh Oya'/ enf;Oya'/ trde@f tm%mrsm;jzifv h nf;aumif;/ rdrw d @kd . qENt&vnf;
aumif;/ E_wfxGufjcif;ESifh xkwfy,fjcif;rsm;udk rnfolurSðyvkyfEdkifjcif;r&Sda=umif;/ 17-9-98
&ufae@u jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD. a=unmcsuf trSwf (1) wGif twdtvif;
a=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf?

9? od@k twëuaf =umifh rEœav;wdik ;f awmifom®rŒe,frS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f

OD;oef;xGe;f tay: tm%mydik rf sm;. r±d;k rom;ðyr_EiS hf tumtuG,rf /hJ ta=umufw&m;atmufrS
jynfov l x
l t k m; ckw;kH vkyt
f oH;k csouJo
h @kd aomjzpf&yfrsKd ; tjcm;v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tay:
xyfrIH ray:ayguaf p&ef oufqikd &f mwdk t h m; av;eufpmG owday;wdu k w
f eG ;f vduk o
f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f wydk w
h v
JG wef; (3) &uf//
1999 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&Dv (3) &uf//

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf//)

124
 1990 jynfEh pS f jynfoŒl v$waf wmf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufy/JG jrif;c+ cH ±dik f ausmufyef;awmif;òrdŒe,f/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmftrSwf (1) rJqENe,fajrrS
a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufc&H aom trsdK;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;Adv
k Zf t
H m; t,Ht k -unfr&Sd
vH;k 0raxmufcaH wmha-umif; ,if;rJqENe,fajrrS rJqEN&iS rf sm;. qENðyvufrw S af &;xd;k jcif;rSww
f rf;
ordik ;f 0if rSww

pOf trnf tbtrnf touf tvky ftudkif aus;&Gm aus;&Gmtky fpk vufr Swf rSwfcsuf
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

125
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD ) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 6 (2§99)

1? rEœav;wdik ;f / ausmufyef;awmif;®rŒe,frS rJqEN&iS f jynfov l xl uk wcJeufqENraJ y;I

a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;vdu k af om trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;
vS,rf sm;jzpf=uaom OD;Adv k Zf H ESihf OD;aiGxeG ;f wd@k tm; oufqikd &f mtm%mydik t f zGŒJ toD;oD;rSorl sm;u
w&m;0ifaeaomjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (2) OD; E_wx f uë af p&ef w&m;enf;vrf;vk;H 0rus
twif;t"rRenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh zdEydS jf cif;rsm;ðyvkyaf eonf[k =um;od&onf? vufawGŒvkyaf qmifae
olrmS ®rŒe,fOuUÏ OD;aZmfviG f jzpfonf[k owif;&ygonf?

2? 1988 ckEpS rf pS I wdik ;f jynftm%mudk rw&m;odr;f ,lxm;onfh yk*Kd~ vrf sm;u xkwjf yefxm;
onfh Oya'rsm;/ a=unmcsurf sm;t& txufyg jynfo h Œl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (2) OD;wd@k onf
w&m;0ifaeaom ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uonf? ‚if;wd@k onf rnfonfOh ya'udrk # usL;vGejf cif;
r&So
d nfh yk*Kd~ vfrsm;jzpf=uonf? xd@k a=umifh ‚if;wd@k tm; rnfonfeh nf;ESirhf # E_wx f u
G af pjcif;rðyEdik yf g?
oufqikd &f mtm%mydik w f ‹kd u ‚if;wd‹k tm; twif;t"rR E_wx f u
G af pjcif;a=umifh &mZ0wfru _ sL;ae
onf[q k &kd rnf?

3? oufqikd &f myk*Kd~ vfrsm;u w&m;enf;vrf;rSeu f efpmG / E_wx f u

G af y;jcif;rðyonfa=umif/h
oufqikd &f mtm%mydik t f zGŒJ . OuUÏjzpfol OD;aZmfviG u f atmufygrw&m;aomenf;vrf;rsm;udk
toH;k ðyaeonf?
(u) OD;Adv k Zf .
H t=um;tm±Hak =umcsKd Œ,Gi;f aeonfZh eD;jzpfot l m; 3-2-99 &ufae@ eHeuf
(9;30)em&Dcef‹u ®rŒe,ftm%mydik t f zGŒJ ±H;k od‹k ac:,l+yD; +cdr;f ajcmufonf? +cdr;f ajcmuf
yHrk sm;rSm-
- NLD tm;rysuyf suaf tmifzsurf mS jzpfa=umif;//
- NLD tzGŒJ 0ifro d m;pkEiS hf aqGrsKd ;nmwdxrJ mS 0efxrf;&Syd gu tvkyrf x S w
k yf pfrnf
jzpfa=umif;? ausmif;olausmif; om;rsm;&Syd gu ausmif;rSxw k yf pfrnfjzpfa=umif;?
- pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;vkyaf ev#iv f nf; ysuaf tmifyw d yf ifrnfjzpfa=umif;//
- tu,fI b%facs;aiG&ydS guvnf; ta&;,lrnfjzpf+yD; aemufxyfacs;rnfr[kwf
a=umif;//
- NLD [m tpd;k &udk qef u h siaf ewJh tzGŒJ jzpfw,f//
- 'Dvv kd yk &f wmawG[m txl;pDrcH suyf [ J k ±dik ;f pdik ;f pGmajymqdjk cif;wdk jh zpfygonf?
(c) OD;aiGxeG ;f .rdom;pkrsm;tm;vnf; OD;Adv k Zf . H rdom;pkrsm;udk ajymqdo k nfeh nf;twdik ;f
®rŒe,fOuUÏuajymoGm;onf[k od&ygonf?
126
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

4? 4-2-99 &ufae@wiG f OD;aiGxeG ;f ESihf OD;Adv

k Zf w
H @kd tm; tm%mydik rf sm;xH (12;30) em&D
cef@wiG vf nf;aumif;/ (13;00) cef@wiG v f nf;aumif; zrf;qD;oGm;=ujyefonf? twif;t"rREw _ f
xGucf ikd ;f jyefonf? od@k aomf ‚if;wd@k tm; n (22;00) em&Dcef w h iG f jyefvw
$ af y;vdu
k o
f nf?

5? oufqikd &f mud,

k pf m;vS,rf sm;u rnfo@kd yifzt
d m;ay;ay; E_wx
f u
G af y;jcif;r&So
d nfa=umifh
tm%mydik rf sm;u OD;oef;xGe;f enf;wlvyk af qmif=urnf[k owif;twdtus&&Sx d m;onf?

6? tm%mydik rf sm;u }u§hH zëŒH tzëŒJ 0ifrsm;udk twëi;f a&;rª;jzpfol udak tmif0if;=unfu acgi;f
aqmifI apcdik ;f um/ tdraf xmifpZk ,m;rsm;udk twif;odr;f ,l+y;D / yl;wGyJ gypkH rH sm;wGif ‚if;wd@k bmom
wtdrwf uf wtdrq f if; vlpm&if;rsm;a&;+y;D / wOD;csi;f vufrwS af &;xd;k &efrvdbk /J tdraf xmifO;D pD;wOD;
uom vufrw S af &;xd;k &+y;D TZ,m;rsm;t& jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk t,Ht k =unf
r&SI
d vH;k 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;[k rw&m;a=unmrnfjzpfonf? od@k a=unmjcif;udk 15-2-
99 &ufae@rwdik rf D vkyaf qmifrnf[=k um;od&onf?

7? rJqEN&Sifvlxk}uD;tm; rJqENray;bJaevdkuaeEdkifonf[k rJay;&rnfhae@rwdkifrDnY

tcsKd @tpdwt f ydik ;f rsm;u vdu k v f [H ef@wm;aoë;aqmifaeonf=h um;rSyif/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;
vS,rf sm;onf jynfov l x
l uk ‚if;wd@k .oabmqENt& rnfou l r# wdu k wf eG ;f r_r&db
S J qENraJ y;I
w&m;0ifa&G;aumufjcif;cH&onfh yk*Kd~ vfrsm;jzpfygonf? tm%mydik rf sm;ud, k wf ikd u f vnf; w&m;0if
ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf+yD;[k a=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfw&yfay:vmonft h cgwiG o
f m/ rdrEd w
_ x
f u
G vf akd =umif;udk jynfoŒl v$waf wmfOuUÏrS
wqifw h ifjyI/ ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tm;vH;k . oabmwlncD su&f rSomv#i/f v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
tjzpfrES w _ x f u G Ef ikd o
f nf? od@k r[kwyf gu rnfonfeh nf;ESirhf # E_wx f uG jf cif;rðyEdik yf g? rnfou l r#vnf;
E_wx f u G cf iG ðhf ya=umif; w&m;0if a=unmEdik jf cif;r&Syd g?

8? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf jynfo@l vw ì af wmfw&yfukd tm%mydik rf sm;u

Oya'u jyÏmef;xm;ygvsuEf iS hf ac:,lay;jcif;r&So d nfa=umifh rdro d ufqikd &f mrJqENe,ftusKd ;t
wGuvf nf;aumif;/ wdik ;f jynf.tusKd ;twGuv f nf;aumif;/ rdru d aqmif&u G af y;vd=k uaomfvnf;/
tm%mydik rf sm;u rw&m;vkyaf qmifxm;onfa=umifh vkyu f ikd Ef ikd jf cif;r&S=d uyg? od@k a=umifh jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tay:wGif vH;k 0O\Ht k jypftemtqmr&Syd g? v$waf wmfac:ray;onfh
tm%mydik t f zGŒJ rsm;tay:wGio f m tjypfv;kH 0&So d nf? jynfo. l '%fcwfru _ kd cH&p&mta=umif;
&So
d nf?

9? tm%mydik rf sm;u jynfoŒl v$waf wmfukd ac:,lay;jcif;rðyonft h jyif/ oufqikd &f mud,
k f
pm;vS,rf sm;udv k nf; rdrrd q
J ENe,fo@kd oGm;a&mufjcif;rðyEdik af tmif rw&m;aomenf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh
uef@owfwm;jrpfxm;jyefonf? od@k uef@owfwm;jrpfxm;ygv#if rnfuo hJ @kd rdrw
d m0efukd xrf;aqmif
Edik yf grnfenf;? pOf;pm;wwforl sm; od&=dS urnfomjzpfonf?

127
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

10? OD;oef;xGe;f enf;wl OD;Adv k Zf EH iS hf OD;aiGxeG ;f wd@k tjyif tzGŒJ csKyf. A[dt
k vkyt
f r_aqmif
tzGŒJ 0ifwOD;jzpfo/l rdrwd ikd ;f jynf vGwv f yfa&;óud;yrf;r_rsm;wGif 1942 rS 1948 ckEpS t f xd ud,
k w
f ikd f
ud,
k u f syg0ifaqmif&u G cf o hJ l rGejf ynfe,f/ armfvòrid òf rŒd e,f rJqENe,fajrtrSwf (1) rS jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;vGe;f wiftay:wGiv f nf; tm%mydik rf sm;u rw&m;onfeh nf;vrf;rsm;udk
r=umrD toH;k ðyawmhrnf[k owif;=um;od&onf?

11? ‚if;jyif OD;vGef;wifuJhodk@ wdkif;jynfvGwfvyfa&;twGuf udk,fwdkifudk,fusóud;yrf;

aqmif&u G cf o
hJ l {&m0wDwikd ;f armfvòrid uf |e;f òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
kd f
pm;vS,/f tzGŒJ csKyf. A[dtk vkyt f r_aqmifwOD;jzpfol OD;vSaz/ jrefatmifòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf
(1) rS OD;wifO;D / trSwf (2) rS OD;jrifo
h % d ;f wd@k tm;vnf;/ OD;oef;xGe;f enf;wl tm%mydik rf sm;u
rw&m;vkyaf qmif=urnf[k owif;=um;od&ygonf?

12? tm%mydik rf sm;. txufygvyk &f yfrsm;onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk
txuftyd'k f (6) wGiaf zmfjyxm;onft h wdik ;f / w&m;Oya'tm;jzifh vkyaf qmifEikd jf cif;r&Sad y? rnfo@kd
r#t"dyg` ,rf &S/d ta[moduo H mjzpfayrnf? jynfov l xl u
k rdryd ikd qf ikd af om tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk
toH;k ðyI rJqENay;jcif;[laomtcGit hf a&;udk tm%mydik rf sm;ucsKd ;azmufvu kd jf cif;jzpfayonf?
od@k tm;jzifh jynfovl x
l t
k ay: ravsm=f oZmoH;k I Oya'rsm;ESihf udu k nf jD cif;r&do
S nfh vky&f yfrsm;onf
jynfov l x
l }k uD;tm; tEdik u
f siIhf rxDrjhJ rifðy&ma&mufaeonf?

13? TuJo h @kd tEdik u f siI

hf 0g'jzef@jcif;/ ºuGm;0gI 0g'jzef‹jcif;/ vdrn
f mI0g'jzef@jcif; ponfh
vky&f yfrsm;onf tppftrSerf [kw/f twkta,mifrsm;omjzpfojzifh tm%mydik rf sm; ar#mv f ifah om
tusKd ;&v'frsKd ;r&&SEd ikd b
f J qef‹usibf uftusKd ;&v'fom jzpfay:rnfjzpfa=umif;/ jynfov l xl }k u;D u
od+yD;jzpfayonf?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEpS /f wydk w
h v
JG jynfah usmf (9)&uf//
1999 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&Dv (9)&uf//

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf//)

128
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 7 (2§99)

1? trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf w&m;0ifrw
S yf w
kH ifxm;+yD; 1990 jynfEh pS f arvwGif
usi;f ycJo
h nfh vGwv f yfIw&m;r#wygonfqakd om ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f
0ifa&mufta&G;cHco hJ nf?

2? tqdyk ga&G;aumufyw JG iG f tzGŒJ csKyfu rJqENe,fajrtajrmuftjrm;YtEdik &f &Scd o hJ nf?

tEdik &f cJo
h nfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk rnfonfh rJqENe,fajr/ rnfr#rJ ta&twGuf
ESihf rnfr#&mcdik Ef e_ ;f jzifh tEdik &f &Scd o
hJ nfukd w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf? xd@k a=umifh jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf w&m;0ifu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpfae=uonf?

3? w&m;0iftzGŒJ csKyf/ w&m;0ifa&G;aumufy/JG w&m;0if˜ 0ifa&mufta&G;cH/ w&m;0ifjynfoŒl

v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpfonfukd w&m;0ifa=unmcJo h nf?

4? od@k aomf w&m;0ifonfu h pd &P yfrsm;udk tm%mydik af xmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;u w&m;r0if
(w&m;r0if) onfh enf;vrf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzif/h rJqEN&iS jf ynfov
l x
l u
k kd ckw;kH vkyI
f / jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
kd f
pm;vS,rf sm; tm; (p) “t,Ht k =unfr&S/d vH;k 0raxmufcaH =umif;” (qH;k ) [k aºuG;a=umfcikd ;f ae
jyefonf?

5? vH;k 0w&m;0ifonfuh pd rP [kwyf g? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf wkH ifjcif;Oya'ESihf jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'rsm;wGif vH;k 0O\Hrk yg&o dS nfuh pd rP sm;udk tm%mydik rf sm;u twif;t"rRr
w&m;vkyaf qmifae=uonf?

6? w&m;r0ifonfu h pd &P yfrsm;udk yxryk*Kd~ vftaejzifh OD;oef;xGe;f (rEœav;wdik ;f / awmif

om®rŒe,frS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,)f / 'kw,
d OD;vGe;f wif (rGejf ynfe,f/ armfv®rif®rŒe,frS
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,kd pf m;vS,)f wd@k rw&m;cHae=u&onf?
7? ,ck=um;od&onfo h wif;rsm;t& {&m0wDwikd ;f / armfv®rifu|e;f ®rŒe,frS jynfov l x
l u
k
w&m;ojzifah &G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;xm;onfh OD;vSaztay: w&m;r0ifonfeh nf;vrf;rsm;udk

129
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

tm%mydik rf sm;u toH;k ðyaejcif;jzpfonf? TudpEP iS yhf gwo

f ufI tao;pdwf xyfrx H wk jf yefrnf
jzpfa=umif;a=unmvdu
k o f nf? w&m;r0ifonfvh yk &f yfrsm;udk rvkyaf qmif/ &yfqikd ;f &ef wdu k wf eG ;f
vdu
k o f nf?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f waygif;vqef;(1)&uf//
1999 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&Dv(15)&uf//

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf//)

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD ) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 8 (2§99)
1? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD. a=unmcsut
f rSw-f 7 (2§99) ESihf qufvuf
zwf±y_ g&ef?

2? w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfol OD;vSaztm; odumQ usap&efaqmif

&ëuaf eyHrk sm;rSm atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf[k =um;od&onf?
(1) (u) 2-7-99 &ufae@wiG f armfv®rifu|e;f ®rŒe,fwiG f rar$;u|e;f tkypf t k wGi;f }uH§h zGŒH rS
OD;0if;a&$.om; aZmfO;D / OD;tke;f .om; ausmpf mG / OD;ausm&f if.om; ausmaf usmf
qdok wl @kd onf aus;&Gmol&mG om;rsm;tm; wtdrw f ufwtdrqf if; E_wjf zifo h m Edik if H
a&;ESiyhf wfoufrr_ &Sad =umif; v,f,majrudk at;csr;f pGmvkyu f ikd af exkid rf nfjzpf
a=umif;ajymqdk+yD;/ acgif;pOfa&;xm;onfhpm&Gufrsm;udkjyojcif;r&SdbJ/ 0efcHcsuf
oabmvufrw S af &;xd;k aponf?
(c) aetdrw f tdro f @kd a&muf&o dS nft h cg tdr&f iS u
f rouFmI pm&Guuf akd wmif;,lzwf±&_ m
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fOD;vSaztm; t,Hkt=unfr&Sd/ vHk;0raxmufcH
a=umif;acgi;f pOfjzifah &;om;xm;onfh pm&Gurf sm;jzpfaeonf?
(*) aus;&Gmjynfov l x l u k tzGŒJ csKyfut kd m;ay;w,f/ jynfoŒl qENb/J 'Dru kd a&pDqw kd m
'gb[ J k vufrw S af &;xd;k cdik ;f onfo h rl sm;tm;ajymjy&m/ olw@kd urkd ajymyge@J ®rŒe,f
tm%mydik af wGuo kd majymygq+kd yD; xGucf mG oGm;=uonf?

(2) (u) (8-2-99) &ufae@wiG f usKd ufyad us;&GmrS aus;&Gmtkycf sKyfa&;tzGŒJ OuUÏ ESihf wd&pd m> ef
aq;ukq&m0ef ref;ausmfat;/ }uHh§zëH@twëif;a&;rª;udkvS0if;/ }u›H§zGHŒ tzGJŒ0if
130
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

rsm;jzpf=uonfh udzk ;kd csi;f / pd;k jrifah tmif/ udck if0if;wd@k onf {nfph m&if;ppfvo
kd nf
qd+k y;D ‚if;wd@k toif,
h al qmifvmonfph m&Gurf sm;ay:wGif aetdraf etrnfrsm; xnfh
oGif;+yD; jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;vSazudk raxmufcHa=umif; vuf
rSwaf &;xd;k aponf?
(c) jAef@}uD;aus;&GmYvnf; txufygtwdik ;f aqmif&u G af eonf[k =um;od&onf?

(3) txufyguo hJ @kd w&m;r0ifonfu h pd rP sm;udk w&m;0ifaeonfOh ;D vSaztay: aqmif&u G jf cif;

rsm;udk tjrefq;kH &yfqikd ;f &ef wdu
k wf eG ;f vdu
k o f nf? vky&f yfrsm;onf odumQ r&So
d nfa=umifh
±_wcf svu
kd o
f nf?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f waygif;vqef;(2)&uf//
1999 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&Dv(16)&uf//

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf//)

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD ) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 9 (2§99)

txl;rSwcf su?f ? Ta-unmcsuu f dk (29=1=99) &ufae‹pjJG zifh xkwjf yefco

hJ nfh a-unmcsuf trSwf
§99)jzifv
3(1§ h nf;aumif;/ a-unmcsut §99) (3= 2=99) &ufwdk jh zifh yl;wGzJ wf±-+ uyg&ef?
f rSwf 5(2§

1? w&m;0if&yfwnfvsu&f adS om trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wf

awmfu, dk pf m;vS,jf zpfaom OD;vGe;f wif rGejf ynfe,f/ armfvòrdiòf rdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS
jynfov l x l u k ‚if;wk@d .oabmqENt&/ vGwv f wG v f yfvyfqENraJ y;+yD; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk f
pm;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHxm;&onfh yk*K~ v d }f uD;jzpfonf? Tyk*K~ vd }f uD;tm;
tm%mykid t f zGŒJ rsm;u+cdr;f ajcmufI rw&m;/ twif;t"rR/ ta=umif;rJ/h t,kt H =unfr&S/d (jynf
olŒv$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpf) vk;H 0raxmufcaH =umif;ponf/ ponfjzifh ±k;d om;ajzmifrh eS af om
jynfovl x l u k cdk w k ;Hk vkyI
f w&m;r0ifaomudp&P yfrsm;ukd vkyaf qmifaeaponf?
131
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

2? tm%mykdiftzGJŒrsm;onf rdrdwkd‹xkwfjyefxm;onfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;

Oya'ESihf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'rsm;wGif jyÏmef;xm;csurf sm;ukd vk;H 0O\kH csK;d azmuf
v#u&f o dS nf? trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. A[kt
d vkyt
f r_aqmiftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;vnf;jzpf/ jynfol
vlxu k a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;xm;onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;vnf;jzpfaom
yk*~Kdvfrsm;tay: ta=umif;rJhvkyfaqmifaejcif;rsm;onf vkH;0w&m;r0ifyg? tm%mykdifrsm;.
vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;rSm tqkyd gOya' (2) &yfwiG f vk;H 0ryg&odS nfrsm;jzpfonf?

3? OD;vGe;f wifonf rdrEd ikd if v H wG v f yfa&;twGuf tmZmenfacgi;f aqmif}u;D Akv d cf sKyfatmif

qef;u vufeufuidk v f rf;pOfvt dk yfonft h cg/ vufeufuidk w
f u
dk yf 0JG ifc+hJ y;D Edik if aH &;enf;vrf;vrf;pOf
vkdtyfonfhtcg EdkifiHa&;vrf;pOfukdvkdufemIaqmif&GufcJhonfh rGeftrsdK;om;acgif;aqmifw
a,mufjzpfayonf? *k%o f u
d mQ &Sv
d yS gonf? awmwGi;f 0ifIvnf; rnfonft h csed t
f cgur# vuf
eufuidk w f udk cf u
dk jf cif;r&So
d nfh yk*K~ v
d }f uD;jzpfonf? wyfrawmfwiG f wyfr;ª taejzifh ay;tyfonfh
wm0efrsm;ukd ausyeG pf mG xrf;aqmifco hJ jl zpfonf? tb,frmS “OD;vGe;f wifopPmazmuf”[k rw&m;
pGypf EJG ikd yf grnfenf;?

4? w&m;0ifpm&if;rsm;t& OD;vGe;f wifonf ckid v

f rHk J (39624) &&S+d y;D / (77³29) rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f jzifh
jynfov
l x
l u
k a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufay;vku d o
f nfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,jf zpfonf?

5? OD;oef;xGe;f ESiyhf wfoufIqkyd gv#if pma&;ol (wOD;) uyifv#if rdred ,fajra'owGif

“··acwfwidk ;f rSm aumif;pm;atmif vkyEf ikd cf o
hJ w
l a,mufyg··”[kyif 0efcx
H m;onf?

6? (u) 1990jynfEh pS /f arvu usi;f yay;cJo h nfh vGwv f yfIw&m;r#wygonfqo dk nfh ygwD
pk'H rD u
dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw GJ iG f jynfov l x l u
k a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf
ay;xm;jcif;cH&onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;onf tm%mykid rf sm;u
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:ay;&ef vk;H 0O\kyH suu f u G v f mojzifh rdrad 'otwGuEf iS hf
wkid ;f jynftusK;d rsm;twGuf vk;H 0raqmif&u G Ef ikd /f v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;.
csKŒd ,Gi;f csu[
f k vk;H 0rpGypf EJG ikd ?f
(c) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;onf rdrw d ‹dk oufqidk &f ma'ook‹d roëm;a&mufEikd f
=u? tm%mykid rf sm;. wm;jrpfcsuaf =umifo h mjzpfonf?
132
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

7? ‚if;jyif oufqidk &f m*k%u f suo

f a&&So
d nfh yk*K~ v
d }f uD;rsm;ukd vk;H 0O\kH rvkyo
f ifrh vkyf
xkud o
f nfh yk*K~ v
d af &;jzifw
h u
dk cf u
dk af eonf? ðyvkyof rl sm;odumQ usonf? ðyvkycf &H olrsm; odumQ rus
ygacs?

8? ±k;d om;ajzmifrh wfjzLpifI trsm;tm;jzifh orRmtmZD0jzifh vkyu f idk pf m;aomufae=uonfh

jynfov l x l u k dk Oya'abmiftwGi;f r0ifonfu h pd rP sm;ukd tm%mykid w
f ‹dk u ðyvkyaf pckid ;f jcif;onf
wkid ;f jynftwGuf vk;H 0raumif;yg? Oya'rJv h yk rf r_ sm;ukd tavhtusijhf zpfatmif vkyaf qmifaejcif;
yifjzpfonf?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f waygif;vqef; (3)&uf//
1999 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&Dv (17)&uf//

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf//)

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD ) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 10 (2§99)

(rSwcf su?f ? a-unmcsut §99) (17=2=99) ESiw

f rSwf 9 (2§ hf IJG zwf±-+ uyg&ef?)

1? rGejf ynfe,f/ armfvòrdiòf rdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;vGe;f wif tay: 7-2-99 &ufae‹wiG f tm%mykid rf sm;u jynfol
vlxt k csKŒd ukd rw&m;pka0;apI aqmif&u G cf surf sm;ESiyhf wfoufI jynfov
l xl t
k csKŒd urauseyfI
wke‹f jyeftpD&ifccH sut f csKŒd ukd odom&ef jzef‹jzL;a=unmvku d o
f nf?
···jynfot l ajctaerSm twif;t"rRwufa&mufcidk ;f I wufa&muf=ujcif;jzpfonf? pdwf
"gwv f ;Hk 0ryg&o dS nfuadk wGŒ&onf? trsm;tm;jzihf òrdŒaevlxo k nf wufa&mufjcif;r&S?d aus;&Gm
ol&mG om;rsm;rSm+cdr;f ajcmufjcif;cH&I tenf;i,fwufa&mufonf?···
···ausmif;q&m/ q&mrrsm;/ ausmif;ol/ ausmif;om;rsm;tm; 0wfprHk 0wfqifapbJ wuf
a&mufaponf? ···
···ausmif;q&m q&mrrsm;tm; rwufv#if a&SŒqufwm0efr,lEiS ahf wmh··· (qkv d dk
onfrmS tvkyu f ðzwfypfjcif;jzpfonf) ··· tay:uckid ;f wmvky?f ···
133
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

···OD;vGe;f wiftm; tifrwefrt S m;emvSygonf? tb,fa=umifq h adk omf vufo;D vuf

armif;wef;+y;D t,kt H =unfr&Sq d +dk y;D / tjypfr&So d ul dk }urd ;f armif;atmf[pf&aomtvkyo f nf tifr
wefr0S efav;rdygonf?
···OD;vGe;f wifEiS hf (NLD) rS 10 OD; aumfrwDtzGŒJ }uD;tm; cGiv hf w $ yf gv‹dk tEl;t!Gwf
awmif;yeftyfygonf? ···
···tefwpD k ESihf OD;vGe;f wiftygt0if 10 OD;aumfrwDtzGŒJ 0iftm;vk;H 'Dru dk a&pDyef;wkid f
udk tjrefq;Hk a&muf=uygap? ···
···OD;vGe;f wiftm;rJay;cJph Ofu taESmiftzGŒJ uif;+yD; vGwv f w G v f yfvyf rdrpd w d óf udu/f
rJqENwckudk··· OD;vGe;f wiftm; ausauseyfeyfjzifrh aJ y;cJ?h ···
··· (7-2-99) &ufae‹u jzpfysuyf rHk mS ·· vky}f uHrw _ &yfjzpf? ···
···vuf&t dS pk;d &onfvrd n f m/ +crd ;f ajcmuf/ rw&m;r_awG/ rsuEf mS ajymifwu dk +f y;D / t&Suf
w&m;uif;rJph mG vky&f yfawGtay: ···odap&ef ···wkid &f onf?
···jynfov l x l .
k tonf;=um;rS rJwjym;ukd twif;"g;jywku d /f tEk=urf;zuf/ rw&m;
ðyvkyrf u
_ kd pkpnf;wifjyjcif; ···
···oef;acgipf m&if;c%ay;yg[q k +dk yD; noef;acgif (24;00) em&DwiG f tm%mykid rf sm;u
vma&muford ;f ,l+yD; aemufwae‹rv S m,l ···
···oGm;a&mufonft h cg twif;t"rR vufrw S af &;xk;d ckid ;f onf? ···
···usaemfw f ‹dk ausmif;om;/ ausmif;olrsm;onf ···vuf&t dS pk;d &. ðyrlvyk af qmifcsuf
rsm;ukd vk;H 0rvkv
d m;? ···
···wzufowf olw‹dk &ŒJ ajymqkrd a_ wG[m/ wzufowf rw&m;qefvyS gw,f? ···
··· trSeu f adk jymjyefawmhvnf; zrf;qD;+yD;ESyd pf ufw,f? ···
···olw‹dk ajymawmh jrefrmEdik if [ H m pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/ ynma&;awG[m wk;d wufae+yw D /hJ
tJ'gawGrwk;d wufwt hJ jyif pm;0wfaea&;eJ‹vo l ;Hk ukeyf pPn;f awG&ŒJ ukeu f sp&dwaf wG[m yk+d yD;}uD;
rm;vmygw,f? ···

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f waygif;vqef; (4)&uf?
1999 ckEpS /f azaz:0g&Dv (18)&uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

134
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD ) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 11 (2§99)

1? 1999 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D ykid ;f tcsed rf pS I azazmf0g&v

D qef;ykid ;f twGi;f jrefrm§xkid ;f ykid f
eufyifv,fa&jyifwiG f wzufEikd if rH S ig;rsm;uk0d ifa&mufzrf;qD;jcif;ESiyhf wfoufI xkid ;f ppfa&,mOfEiS hf
jrefrmppfa&,mOfw‹dk tjyeftvSeyf pfcwfrr_ sm;jzpfymG ;cJah =umif; =um;od&onf? xko d ‹dk tcif;jzpfymG ;
jcif;a=umihf ESpb
f ufEikd if rH pS pfrx
_ rf;rsm;ESihf t&yfom;rsm; toufq;Hk ±H;_ cJ=h u&+yD; tajctaerSm
wae‹wjcm;wif;rmvmum wzufEikd if u H ppfav,mOfrsm;ukyd if vkt d yfv#it f ok;H ðy&efukd pOf;pm;
vmonfEiS hf ‚if;wk‹d . wku d af v,mOfrsm;ukd tiftm;wk;d cJsŒum/ jzef‹csxm;onf[I l owif;rsm;
vnf;=um;od&onf?

2? orkid ;f pOfwav#mufwiG f jrefrmykid ef ufyifv,ftwGi;f ok‹d wzufEikd if rH S ig;rsm;zrf;qD;

jcif;ukt d a=umif;ðyI jrefrmha&ykid ef uftwGi;f ok‹d usL;ausmjf cif;rsm; &Sv d monfth cgwidk ;f wGif jrefrm
Edik if t
H aejzifh tjynfjynfqidk &f myifv,fOya'ESit hf nD jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if u
H jyÏmef;xm;
onfh 1977 ckEpS /f jrefrmEdik if yH idk ef uf yifv,fEiS fh yifv,fZek rf sm; Oya't& xku d sL;ausmrf u_ dk [ef‹
wm;onft h aejzifh ESppf Of ig;rsm;uk0d ifa&mufzrf;olw‹dk tm; ta&;,ljcif;rsm;&Scd o hJ nf? xkpd Oftcgu
zrf;qD;ta&;,lpOf wzufEiS w fh zuf tjyeftvSef ypfcwfrt _ ao;tr$m;uav;rsm; tenf;i,f&cdS hJ
aomfvnf; vuf&jdS zpfay:vsu&f adS eaom wif;rmpk;d &drzf , G &f mtajctaersKd ; r&Scd yhJ g?

3? xk‹d tjyif jrefrmEdik if yH idk ef uf yifv,fEiS yhf ifv,fZek t

f ay: tcsKyftjcmtm%mydik q f idk rf _
ESihf pyfvsO;f I wzufEikd if u H rnfonft h cgur# wpkw H &mtjiif;yGm;r_r&Scd zhJ ;l onfh u|e;f ok;H u|e;f
ykid q
f idk rf u
_ pd u
P dk wifjyta&;qkv d monftxd jzpfvmonf? xku d |e;f ok;H u|e;f ykid q
f idk rf _ a&jyife,f
edrw d u f dk rnfonft h cgur# wzufEikd if o H nf tjiif;ryGm;bJ vufcu H siohf ;Hk cJ=h uonf?

4? ,ae‹jzpfay:aeaom jrefrmEdik if yH idk ef uf yifv,fEiS hf yifv,fZek t

f a&;onf jrefrmEdik if H
ppftm%mykid Ef iS hf wzufEikd if wH ‹dk t=um; jzpfay:aeonfh ta&;tcif;omru jynfaxmifpjk refrm
Edik if w
H idk ;f &if;om;trdsK;om;tm;vk;H ESihf oufqidk o f nfuh pd [
P k cH,o
l nf?

5? ESpEf ikd if aH &jyifyidk ef uf yifv,fEiS hf yifv,fZek u

f pd u
P dk ESpzf ufaomEdik if rH uS , dk pf m;vS,rf sm;
awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;I/ +ird ;f csr;f pGmajyvnfatmifajz&Si;f =urnf[k od&&dS onf? xku d o hJ ‹dk aqGaEG;=uonfh
ta=umif;t&mESihf aqmif&u G o
f nfth ajctaersm;ukd jynfojl ynfom;rsm;tm; &Si;f vif;em;vnf
135
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

od&adS p&ef/ trSet f wkid ;f / wkid ;f jynfo‹dk wifjy&ef ppftm%mykid rf sm;onf wm0ef&o dS nf? tb,f
a=umifq h adk omf ,if;udpo P nf wjynfaxmifv;Hk &Sd wkid ;f &if;om;jynfow l &yfv;Hk ESihf ywfouf+y;D v#i/f
Edik if aH wmf. tcsKyftjcmtm%mykid q f idk rf E_ iS v hf nf; oufqidk af eaoma=umihjf zpfonf? ,if;uJo h ‹dk
aomudpEP iS hf ywfoufI ESpzf ufaomEdik if w H ‹dk . aqG;aEG;csurf sm;/ oabmwlncD surf sm;ESihf aqmif
&Gufcsufrsm;ukd jynfolŒv$wfawmfokd‹wifjyI twnfðycsuf&,l&rnf? jynfolŒv$wfawmfu
omv#if tqk;H tjzwfay;&rnfu h pd jP zpfonf? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDuvnf; jynf
olŒv$waf wmfo‹dk twnfðycsu&f ,lEikd &f ef wifjy&efwm0ef&o dS nf?

6? xkEd pS zf ufaom Edik if w

H @kd . tjiif;yGm;r_upd &P yfrsm;ukd n‡Ed id_ ;f ajz&Si;f &mwGif tdref ;D em;csi;f
aumif;yDopGm/ csp=f unf&if;ES;D +idr;f csr;f pGm ajz&Si;f Edik rf nf[k jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrwD
u ,k=H unfa=umif; a=unmvku d o f nf?

jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,

dk pf m;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f waygif;vqef; (5)&uf//
1999 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&Dv (19)&uf//
(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf//)

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf = 12 (2§99)
1? w&m;0if&yfwnfaeaom trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmf
uk,d pf m;vS,w
f OD;jzpfonfh rEœav;wkid ;f / jrif;+c®H rŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfovl x
l u k ‚if;wk@d .
vGwv f yfaomoabmqENt& a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufxm;onfh OD;aygciftm; t,kt H =unfr&Sd
vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;[k atmf[pfaea=umif; =um;od&onf?

2? OD;aygcif onf 1990 jynfEh pS f arvu tm%mykifd rf sm;uusi;f ycJo h nfh vGwv f yfIw&m;
r#wonf[kqkdaom ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif jynfolvlxku a&G;aumuf
wifajr‡mufcJhonf? ‚if;onfjynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fwOD;jzpfonf[k ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD
taxGaxGa&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Siu f w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf? ‚if;onf ckid v
f rHk J (42015)
&&Su
d m (78²09) &mckid Ef e_ ;f jzifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf?
136
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

3? Tok@d w&m;0ifaeaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,u f dk “t,kt H =unfr&S/d vk;H 0

raxmufc”H qko
d nfrsm;rSm atmufygta=umif;rsm;a=umifh vk;H 0w&m;0ifjcif;r&Sad y?
(u) tm%mykid w f @dk uxkwjf yefco hJ nfh Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w Hk ifjcif;Oya' (&ufpJG 27-
9-88) ESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' (&ufpGJ 31-3-89) rsm;wGif
rnfonfh jyÏmef;csurf sm;rSmrSryg&o dS nfu h pd rP sm;ukd aqmif&u G af ejcif;?
(c) ,cif Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ / ,ck Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,m
a&;ESihf zGŒH ®z;a&;aumifp. D trde@f trSwf 2§88 (&ufpJG 18-9-88) tyk'd f (c) wGiv f l
(5) a,mufEiS hf vl (5) a,mufxufyI dk vrf;rsm;ay:wGipf ak 0;jcif;/ vrf;av#mufjcif;/
pDwef;vSnv hf nfjcif;/ a[majymjcif;/ [pfatmfaºu;G a=umfjcif;/ v_ŒH aqmfjcif;/ ±ke;f &if;
qefcwfðyjcif; rnforl #rðyvky&f [k qkx d m;vsuEf iS fh oufqidk &f mtm%mykid w f @dk u
oufqidk &f ma'orS jynfov l x l t
k m;pka0;apjcif;onf rw&m;aomvky&f yfjzpfjcif;?
(*) wzufowf/ tm%mykid w f @dk u/ ±k;d om;ajzmifph if;aom jynfov l xl uk dk rw&m;ckw;Hk
vkyjf cif;?
(C) vuf&ydS idk af eaomtm%mukd tvGet f u|t H ok;H ðyjcif;?

4? oufqidk &f mjynfov l x l xk rJ S OD;aygciftay: tm%mykid rf sm;uaqmif&u G rf E_ iS yhf wfouf

I rauseyfojzifh trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfo@dk a&;om;ay;yk@d onfph mrsm;teufr/S ‚if;wk@d a&;
om;xm;onft h wkifd ;f / tcsKŒd ukad z: jyvku d of nf?
(u) touf (18) ESpt f xuf vltm;vk;H tm; wufcidk ;f apygonf? ysuu f u G yf gu '%faiG
(400d) usy[ f k ajymqkyd gonf?
(c) touf (18) ESpt f xuf rdom;pk0iftm;vk;H tm; tpnf;ta0;zdw=f um;ojzifh vuf
rSwaf &;xk;d vku d o f nf? xkv d ufrw S rf sm;ukd uef@uu
G v
f ufrw
S t f jzpf tok;H ðy=uonf?
(*) pifay:a&mufrS uef@uu G pf mrzwfEikd af =umif;ajymI uef@uu G jf cif;&So
d nf?
(C) 4-2-99 &ufae@uusi;f yonfh jrif;+ccH ±kid f tm%mykid t f zGŒJ tpnf;ta0;wGif OuUÏ
jzpfou l E_wx f u G v f m$ vufrw S rf xk;d &ifypfowfrnf[k ajym=um;yga=umif;?

5? ,cif Edik if aH wmfjidr0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ / ,ck Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,m
a&;ESihf zGŒH ®z;a&;aumifp. D a=unmcsut f rSw-f 1§88 (&ufpJG 18-9-88)wGi-f
“···atmufygvufiif;vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;ukx d rf;aqmif&ef···
(u) w&m;Oya'pk;d rd;k a&;/ e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;···” [ktwdtvif;a=unm
xm;csuu f dk tm%mykid w f @dk u ,if;wk@d xw k jf yefxm;csurf sm;ukd ,if;wk@d u azguzf suv
f u
dk jf cif;jzpf
ayonf?

6? jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxku a&G;aumufwif

ajr‡mufvu dk of nfth "dyg` ,rf mS ‚if;wk@d twGuv
f nf;aumif;/ wkid ;f jynftwGuv
f nf;aumif;/ tudsK;
ðyrnfuh pd &P yfrsm;ukd jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrw S qifh aqmif&u
G af y;ap&efjzpfonf?
137
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

7? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfudk Oya'ygjyÏmef;csutf & ac:,lay;&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; tm%mydik f

rsm;u ac:,lay;jcif;r&S?d ysuu
f u
G o
f nf? vspvf sL±_xm;onf?

8? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfudk a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;

vS,rf sm;uac:,lrnf[ak =unmonft h cg/ uk,
d pf m;vS,rf sm;ukd tm%mykid rf sm;u ta=umif;rJ/h
Oya'rJ/h rw&m; zrf;qD;cJjh yefonf?

9? tcsKd Œ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,

dk pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; rdr. d rJqENe,fo@dk omG ;a&mufI tusKd ;
ta=umif;ajymjyjcif;yifrðyEdik ?f tb,fa=umifq h adk omf/ c&D;oGm;vmjcif;ukd Oya'rJ/h tm%mykid f
rsm;u/ ydwyf ifwm;jrpfxm;onf?

10? ±k;d om;ajzmifph if;aom jynfov l xl t

k m; w&m;Oya'rsm;vku d ef map&ef ðyvkyaf qmif&u
G f
ay;&rnft h pm;/ csK;d azguo f nfh enf;vrf;rsm;ukv d rf;!¸ejf yoI aqmif&u
G jf cif;rðy&ef txl;wvnf
wku
d w
f eG ;f vku d o
f nf? wkid ;f jynfwiG f raumif;onht f pOftvmrsm; jzpfay:vmrnfh udprP sm;ukd vk;H 0
rðyvkyo
f ifah y? vky&f yfrsm;ukv d nf; ±_wcf suef uh uG v
f u
dk of nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f waygif;vqef;(10)&uf//
1999 ckEpS /f azaz:0g&Dv(24)&uf//

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zefŒcso
d nf//)

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 13 (2§99)

1? {&m0wDwidk ;f / armfvòrid u f |e;f òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru

dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,jf zpfonfh OD;vSaztay: tm%mrsm;ukv d uf&u dS idk f
xm;onfo h rl sm;u ‚if;wk‹d . vky±f ;dk vkypf Ofenf;vrf;rsm;twkid ;f r,k=H unfraxmufc[ H k ±k;d om;jzL
pifaomjynfov l x
l u
k dk 28-2-99 &ufae‹wiG f aºuG;a=umfaprnf[k owif;=um;od&onf?
138
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

2? tqkyd gvyk &f yfrsm;rSm vk;H 0 w&m;r0ifyg? tb,fa=umifq h adk omf Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf
a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&; Oya'rsm;wGif rnfonfjh yÏmef;csurf # ryg&o dS nfw‹dk udk jynfov l x
l t k m;
rw&m;onfhvkyf&yfrsm;tjzpf ðyvkyfaqmif&Gufapjcif;rSm wkdif;jynftwGuf tpOftvmvkH;0
raumif;ojzifh vky&f yfrsm;uk&d yfqikd ;f &ef wku
d w
f eG ;f vku
d o
f nf? qk;d &Gm;aomtpOftvmukd csrw S f
ay;jcif;rðy&ef xyfrw H ukd w
f eG ;f vku
d o
f nf?

3? TudpEP iS hf ywfoufI oufqidk &f m.tpD&ifccH surf sm;ukd odomzwf±&_ ef/ rl&if;rS rdwLW ðyI
jzef‹jzL;vku d o
f nf?
(p)“ta=umif;t&m? ? w&m;0if trSwf (1) rJqENe,f v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;vSaz
tm; odumQ csaqmif&u G vf yk u f idk af er_rsm;ukd wifjytpD&ifcjH cif;?
txufta=umif;t&myg udpEP iS yhf wfoufI armfvòrdiu f |e;f òrdŒe,f trSwf (1) rJqENe,f
ajra'o/ &yf§aus; ESihf òrŒd r&yfuu G wf ‹dk wiG f aexkid vf su&f =dS uonfh vlxv k w
l ef;pm;rsm;tay: tkyf
csKyfa&;tzGŒJ ESihf òrdŒe,f}uHch idk af &;tzGŒJ wk‹d r/S w&m;0ifvw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,w f OD;jzpfol OD;vSaz
tm; v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS jyefvnf±yk o f rd ;f a=umif;/ vk;H 0 raxmufcaH wmha=umif; [lI
vlxv k wl ef;pm;wk‹d udk tEdik t f xufðyrlI enf;rdsK;pk/H enf;aygi;f pkw H ‹dk jzifh vlxt k m;rvdrw hf ywfjzifh
+cdr;f ajcmuft=uyfuidk v f yk u
f idk af eonfv h yk &f yfrsm;ukd txl;wifjywkid w f ef; tpD&ifct H yfygonf?

(1) òrdŒe,f}uH§› zëŒH rS OD;pD;aqmif&u ë v f yk u

f idk af eolrsm;?
1? uku d v dk iG f (b) OD;ausmv f iG f (}uH§h zGŒH twGi;f a&;rª;)/
‚if;onf òrdŒe,f aiGpm&if;OD;pD;±k;H rS t}uD;wef; 0efxrf;wOD;jzpfonf?
2? ukjd rifah tmif (b) OD;bkw d if (òrdŒe,f}uH§› zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if)
3? udt k ;Hk ausmf (b) OD;jrat; (òrdŒe,f }uH§› zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if)
4? ukv d 0S if;armif (b) OD;wifaqmif (òrdŒe,f}uH§› zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if)
5? ukcd spo f ed ;f (b) OD;armifarmif (òrdŒe,f}uH§› zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if) wk‹d jzpfygonf?
(2) aus;&ëm/ &yfuu ë /f a'otvku d f }uH§› zëŒH . v+y&f mS ;r+tajctaersm;?
6=2=99 &ufae‹
òrdŒe,f}uH§› zGŒH rS ukt d ;Hk ausm/f ukv d 0S if;armif ESihf ukv d id_ rf sKd ;OD; (b) OD;yk. om;/ ‚if;rSm òrdŒ
e,f ajrpm&if;0efxrf;wOD;ESifh }uH§h zGŒH tzGŒJ 0ifjzpfygonf?
‚if;}uH§h zGŒH tzGŒJ onf yJah xmifa&,mOfjzifo h mG ;a&mufum vyGwv W yk }f uD;aus;&ëm &,u
OuUÏ OD;ode;f xGe;f tdro f ‹dk 0ifa&mufjyD;/ ‚if;aus;&GmrS }uH§› zGŒH rsm;ESihf &mtdrrf ;ª / q,ftrd rf ;ª rsm;wk@d
yg0ifaomtzGŒJ ukd qihyf mG ;wm0efay;I/ jynforl sm;xHrS tdraf xmifppk m&if;u'frsm;&,lI w&m;
0ifjzpfonfh OD;vSaztm; v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS ±kyo
f rd ;f a=umif;/ raxmufcaH wmh a=umif;
vufrw S af &;xk;d jcif;/ vufaAGypHk rH sm;ESyd , f jl cif;wk‹d udk ðyvkyIf ‚if;vkyif ef;rsm;ukd taumiftxnf
azmf&ef vrf;!$erf r_ sm;ay;oGm;ygonf? xk‹d aemufwiG f yk*yH aHk us;&GmrStpðyI trSwf (1) rJqEN
e,fjzpfonfh &yf§ aus; rsm;tm; w&Gm0if/ w&GmxGuf vku d v f I H &,u ESihf }uH§› zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if
wk‹d tm; vkyif ef;ykid ;f qkid &f mrsm; vkyu f idk af qmif&u G &f ef xyfqifI h !¸e=f um;oGm;ygonf?
139
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

7=2=99 &ufae‹
‚if;ae‹wiG f òrdŒe,f}uH§› zGŒH tzGŒJ rS atmufygy*k K~ v d rf sm;onf a*G;uke;f tkypf ak us;&Gm &,u
OuUÏ tdro f ‹dk a&muf&+dS yD; &yf§aus; &,u OuUÏ/ &mtdrrf ;ª / q,ftrd rf ;ª wk‹d EiS hf &yf§aus; }uH› §zGŒH
tzGŒJ rsm;ok‹d qifyh mG ;wm0efrsm;ay;oGm;=uygonf? ‚if;wk‹d rmS (1) ukjd rifah tmif/ (2) atmifaZmfvid_ /f
(3) rsKd ;aqG/ (4) 0if;vdi_ f jzpfonf? TuJo h ‹dk !¸e=f um;oGm;+yD;aemuf &,u OuUÏ rS }uH§› zGŒH q,f
tdrrf ;ª / &mtdrrf ;ª wk‹d udk wm0efay;apv$w+f yD;vkyu f idk &f mwGif a*G;uke;f tkypf /k oref;acsmif;aus;&GmY
jynfow l OD;rS ‚if;wk‹d Z,m;pm&Gut f m; vufrw S rf xk;d yJ qkw+f zyJ pfvu dk yf gonf? usev
f ufrw
S x
f ;dk ol
rsm;ukd wOD;v#if aiG 5d§usyf E_e;f jzifh awmif;ygonf? vufrw S x
f ;dk +y;D Z,m;pm&Gurf sm;ukd pk&yf±;Hk t
jzpf owfrw S x f m;aom &,u OuUÏ OD;at;óudit f rd o f ‹dk ay;tyf&ygonf? xk‹d aemuf ‚if;pm&Guf
rsm;ukd (9-2-99) &ufae‹wiG f òrŒd e,f}u§›H zGŒH tzGŒJ txl;wm0efcH (4) OD;rS vma&muford ;f ,lomG ;yg
onf?

9=2=99 &ufae‹
xDygv,faus;&Gm&Sd &Gmol&mG om;rsm;tm;/ jyefvnf±yk o f rd ;f a=umif;ESihf raxmufcaH =umif;/
vufrw S af &;xk;d ray;cJv
h #i/f rxk;d olrsm;tm; &,u OuUÏ ukw d iftek ;f rS wyfwiG ;f rSm (3) &ufvyk f
tm;ay;&rnf[k }udr;f armif;+cdr;f ajcmufajymqkyd gonf?
xk‹d a=umifh a=umufvef‹I aus;&ëm ol§om; wk‹d rS rdrw d ‹dk tdraf xmifpZk ,m;wGiyf g0ifonfh
rdom;pktm;vk;H vufrw S af &;xk;d jcif;/ vufaAGEydS jf cif;rsm; ðyvkyaf y;=u&ygonf? tjcm;aom &yf§
aus;rsm;Yvnf; wtdr0f if/ wtdrx f u G f pHepfjzifv
h nf;aumif;/ ae&mwckp&k yf ðyvkyI f aomfvnf;
aumif;/ tdraf xmifpZk ,m;rsm; ay;tyfI vufrw S af &;xk;d jcif;/ vufaAGEydS jf cif;rsm; ðyvkyaf y;vku
d &f
ygonf?

18=2=99 &ufae‹
‚if;ae‹wiG f armfvòrdiu f |e;f òrdŒ/ òrdŒr&yfuu
G rf sm;rS trSwf (1) rJqENe,fajr jzpf=uonfh òrdŒ
r&yfuuë tf rSwf (1)/ (2)/ (10)/ (11)/ (12) wk‹d wiG f wae‹w&ufwnf; òrdŒe,f }uH§› zGŒH . tpDtpOf
OD;aqmifrj_ zifh &yfuu
G rf sm;wGif OD;vSaztm;raxmufcaH =umif; v_y&f mS ;r_uðdk yvky=f uygonf?
‚if;wk‹d . vkyef nf;vky[f ef ESihf OD;aqmifyg0if=uonfo h rl sm;ukd &yfuu
G t
f vdu
k f atmufwiG f
azmfjytyfygonf?

(u) òrdŒr (1) &yfuu ë v f y+ &f mS ;olrsm;?

(1) ukzd ;dk vk;H (}uH§› zGŒH tzGŒJ 0ifEiS hf ajrpm&if;0efxrf;)
(2) ukpd ed 0f if; (0efxrf;)
(3) uk0d if;Akv d f (}uH§› zGŒH )
(4) ukrd sd K;=unf (}uH§› zGŒH )
(5) ukjd rifo h ed ;f (}uH§› zGŒH )

140
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

(6) ukad rmifarmifoed ;f (&,u OuUÏ)

(7) uk0d if;wif (q,ftrd rf ;ª )
(8) ukad rmifoef; (rD;owf0efxrf;)

‚if;tzGŒJ onf raxmufcaH =umif;vufrw S Ef iS hf vufaAGypHk w

H ‹dk udk wtdr0f if/ wtdrx
f u
G f
enf;jzifh tdraf xmifpu
k 'frsm;awmif;I aqmif&u
G =f uonf?

(c) òrd rh (2) &yfuu G v f y+ &f mS ;olrsm;?

(1) udo k ed ;f pk;d (}uH§› zGŒH cgi;f aqmif)
(2) ukcd ifarmifwifh (}uH§› zGŒH )
(3) ukad usmv f iG f (}uH§h zGŒH )
(4) ukcd if!e$ ‹f (&,u &mtdrrf ;ª )
(5) ukad X;ode;f (&,u q,ftrd rf ;ª )
(6) uk0d if;Edik f (&,u q,ftrd rf ;ª )
(7) ukad usmaf tmif (&,u q,ftrd rf ;ª )
(8) ukpd ;dk jrifh (&,u q,ftrd rf ;ª )
(9) ukb d ausmuf (&,u q,ftrd rf ;ª )
(10) ukx d eë ;f &D (&yfuu G rf ;D owf)wk‹d jzpfygonf?

‚if;tzGJŒonf raxmufcHa=umif;vufrSwfESifh vufaAGykHpHwkd‹ukd wtdrf0ifwtdrf

xGuef nf;jzifh tdraf xmifpu
k 'frsm;awmif;I aqmif&u
G =f uonf?

(*) òrdŒr (10) &yfuu G v f y+ &f mS ;olrsm;?

18-2-99 &ufae‹/ eHeufyidk ;f wGif òrdŒe,f}uH§h zGŒH rS ukt d ek ;f ausm/f ukv d 0S if;armfw‹dk onf &yf
uGu}f uH§› zGŒH acgi;f aqmif uko d ef‹Ziftm; v_y&f mS ;&eftwGuf vma&muf!e¸ =f um;oGm;onf?
uGi;f qif;olrsm;
(1) uko d ef‹Zif (}uH§h zGŒH &yfuu G af cgi;f aqmif)
(2) ukad usmjf rifh (}uH§h zGŒH ESifh rD;owfwm0ef&o dS )l
(3) ukod ed ;f a&$ (}uH§h zGŒH ESiqfh ,ftrd rf ;ª )
(4) ukjd rifah t; (}uH§h zGŒH ESiq hf ,ftrd rf ;ª ) wm0ef&o dS wl ‹dk EiS hf tzGŒJ //

‚if;olrsm;onf òrŒd r(10) &yfuu G w

f iG f vrf;aygi;f (10) vrf;&do S nfjzpf&m (2) zGŒJ cGI
J wvrf;
v#if aetdrw f tdrYf pk&yfðyvky+f yD;/ vrf;tvku d q
f idk &f m &-,-u/ q,ftrd rf ;ª / &mtdrrf ;ª wk‹d u
vrf;wëi;f &Sd aetdrrf sm;ok‹d wtdrw f ufqif;0ifa&mufI rdrw d ‹dk .tdraf xmifpu k 'frsm;,laqmifI
pk&yfvyk x
f m;onfah etdro f ‹dk vma&muf=u&ef qifah c: =uonf? xko d ‹dk qifah c:I oGm;a&muf=uonfh
olrsm;xHrS tdraf xmifpZk ,m;rsm;rS vlO;D a&pm&if;wk‹d udk ‚if;wk‹d .Z,m;ykpH w H iG f a&;ul;I ‚if;tdrf
axmifprk S trdsK;om;jzpfap/ trsKd ;orD;jzpfap/ vl}uD;jzpfap/ vli,fjzpfap/ rdrw d ‹dk . tdraf xmifpk
141
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

twGuu f ,
dk pf m;ðy+y;D / wOD;wnf;rS tm;vk;H twGuf vufrw
S Ef iS hf vufaAGypHk rH sm; a&;xk;d ðyvkyaf y;cJ&h
ygonf?

(C) òrdŒr (11)&yfuu ë rf S v+y&f mS ;olrsm;?

(1) ukrd if;rif; (&yfuu G }f uH§h zGŒH )
(2) ukad pmvGif (&yfuu G }f uH§h zGŒH )
(3) ud0k if;jrifh (&,u OuUÏ)
(4) ukx d eG ;f óudif (&,u tzGŒJ 0if)ESihf tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;//
‚if;tzGŒJ onf raxmufcaH =umif;vufrw S Ef iS hf vufaAGypHk rH sm;ukd wtdr0f ifwtdrx
f u
G ef nf;
jzifh vufrw S Ef iS v
hf ufaAGypHk rH sm;ukd tdraf xmifpu k 'frsm;awmif;I aqmif&u G =f uonf?

(i) òrd rh (12) &yfuu ë rf v

S y+ &f mS ;olrsm;?
(1) ukpd ;dk jrifh (&yfuu G f }uH§› zGŒH acgi;f aqmif)
(2) ukpd ;dk atmif (&yfuu G f }uH§› zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if)
(3) udtk ;Hk aië (&yfuu G f }uH§› zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if)
(4) udak usmjf rifh (&,u &mtdrrf ;ª )ESit hf zGŒJ //
‚if;tzGŒJ onf raxmufcaH =umif;vufrw S Ef iS fh vufaAGypHk rH sm;ukd wtdr0f ifwtdrx
f u
G ef nf;jzif/h
tdraf xmifpu k 'frsm;awmif;I aqmif&u G =f uonf?

(3) w&m;0ifvw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;vSaz tay: w&m;r0if raxmufcaH -umif;

}uH§› zGŒH rS vkyaf qmifcsufrsm;tm; òcHiIHk ok;H oyfjcif;?
(u) trSwf (1) rJqENe,ftwGi;f &Sd rJqENay;xm;cJo h w l ‹dk onf ‚if;wk‹d tm; rESpòf rdŒ/ rESpf
oufbJ eD;&m"g;udak =umufIom apckid ;f onft h wkid ;f vku d ef m&jcif;?
(c) xko d ‹dk vudk ef m&I vkyu f idk af y;&onfyh *k K~ v d rf sm;onf rdrw d ‹dk .ESv;Hk om;Y rlv&S&d if;pGJ
,k=H unfcsut f wkid ;f cH,v l su&f adS =umif;=um;od&jcif;?
(*) tcsKŒd aus;&Gmrsm;ESihf &yfuu G rf sm;wk‹d wiG f 1990 jynfEh pS f a&G;aumufyrJG q J ENay;=u
&mwGif yg0ifrr_ &Sb d J ,ckraS jymif;a&$Œvm=uI xkt d rd af xmifpu k 'frsm;rS vlO;D a&
pm&if;t& ‚if;wk‹d Z,m;Y vufrw S Ef iS vfh ufaAGypHk rH sm; a&;xk;d vkyu f idk jf cif;?
(C) qifah c:I oGm;a&muf=uonfo h rl sm;wGif vl}u;D rsm;rtm; r&SI d touf (17)/ (18)
&So
d rl sm; oGm;a&muf=u&mwGif tdraf xmifpu k , dk pf m; vufrw S Ef iS hf vufaAGypHk rH sm;
a&;xk;d ay;cJ&h jcif;?
(i) vl}uD;rsm;onfvnf; tdraf xmifp&k v dS Ol ;D a&tm;vk;H . uk, d pf m;wOD;wnf;rS vuf
rSwEf iS v hf ufaAGypHk rH sm; a&;xk;d ay;cJ&h jcif;?
(p) òrdŒr&yfuu G rf sm;wGif OD;vSaztay: Y arwWmxm;olw‹dk onf rdrw d ‹dk .aetdrw f iG ;f ok‹d
‚if;}uH§› zGŒH rsm;tm; t0ifrcHjcif;?

142
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

(q) tcsKŒd aomtdraf xmifpyk *k K~ v

d rf sm;wk‹d onf OD;vSazukd wk‹d uóuduv f ‹dk raJ y;xm;wm/
wk‹d utckraxmufcaH =umif; bmvk‹d x;dk &rSmvJ[k ajymqkv d u dk yf gonf?
(Z) igu NLD yJ/ bma=umifh xk;d &rSmvJ qko d rl sm;vnf; &S=d uygonf//
(ps) &yf§aus; ESihf &yfuGuf tajccHvlwef;pm;rsm;rSmawmh vuf&Sdtajctaet&
ta=umufw&m;rsm;ude;f 0yf+yD; rwwfomvk@d xk;d ay;vku d &f olrsm;jzpfygonf//

(4) òrdŒe,f}uH§› zGŒH tzGŒJ . a&SŒvkyu

f idk rf nfo h wif;rsm;/
(u) òrdŒe,f}uH§› zGŒH rS raxmufcaH om pm&if;Z,m;rsm;ukd ajrmif;jrc±kid af umfr&Sio f ‹dk
wifoiG ;f twnfðycsu, f rl nf[k od&ygonf?
(c) jynfo‹l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f m; ±_wcf s&ef uyfct dk yk pf /k anmifyifomaus;&GmwGif
r¾yfaqmufvyk af e+yD; (28-2-99) &ufae‹wiG ðf yvkyrf nf[k owif;&&Syd gonf?
(*) qENrrJ axmufco H nfh &yf§aus;/ òrŒd r&yfuu G rf sm;rSorl sm;ukpd ±k ;Hk I òrŒd ay: &Sd abmvk;H
uGi;f twGi;f Y vltiftm;jzifh raxmufcaH =umif;qENjyyGu J dk usi;f yrnf[v k nf;
owif;&&Sx d m;ygonf? (ae‹&uf twdtus rodao;yg?)

(5) {&m0wDwidk ;f / armfvòrdiu f |ef;òrdŒe,f/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmf trSwf (1)rJqENe,fajr trsdK;om;'Drdk
ua&pDtzGŒJ csKyftm; qENðyxm;jcif;ukd vk;H 0 raxmufcaH wmhyga-umif; ESihf E+wx f uë &f ef awmif;cHvmì //
(‚if;ykpH ZH ,m;ukyd gay;yk‹d ygonf)” (qH;k )

(txufazmfjyygZ,m;ykpH u
H dk yl;wGx
J m;ygonf?)

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f waygif;vqef; (11)&uf//
1999 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&Dv (25)&uf//

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf//)

143
 {&m0wDwdkif; armfvòrdifu|ef;òrdŒe,f/ jynfolŒv$wfawmftrSwf (1) rJqENe,fajr/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf tm;

144
qENðyxm;jcif;ukd vHk;0raxmufcHawmhyga-umif;ESifh E+wfxGuf&ef awmif;cHv$m

t-r-p trnf touf tbtrnf EkdifiHom;rSwfyHkwif ynm vlrsdK; tvkyftudkif ae&yf vufrSwf
jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡muffvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkukd,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrDwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 14 (3§99)

rSwcf suf // // jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,

dk pf m;ðyaumfrwD. a=unmcsut f rSwf 9 (2 -
99) (&ufp/JG 17-2-99)/ a=unmcsut f rSw-f 10(2§99)/ (&ufp/JG 18-2-99)ESihf
a=unmcsut f rSwf - 12 (2§99) (&ufp/JG 24-2-99)wd@k EiS hf yl;wGJ zwf±=_ uyg&ef//

1? rGejf ynfe,f/ armfvòrdiòf rd@e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,

dk pf m;vS,f
tjzpf jynfov l x
l u
k a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufxm;jcif;cHxm;&aom OD;vGe;f wiftay: tm%mydik f
rsm;u rw&m;/ twif;t"rR/ ta=umif;rJ/h jynfov l x
l u
k cdk w
k ;Hk vkyI
f t,kt
H =unfr&Sqd +dk yD;vkyf
aqmifco hJ nf?

2// od‹k tm%mykid rf sm;. rw&m;vkyaf qmif&mY uk, d w f idk u

f ,
dk u
f syg0ifc=hJ uaom atmufyg
wd@k onf w&m;Oya'jyÏmef;csurf sm;r&So d nfudk aqmif&u G =f uonfa=umifh Oya'rsm;ESihf +ipd eG ;f aeyg
onf// Oya'rJah qmif&u
G cf surf sm;ukd yl;aygi;f }uHpnfI vkyaf qmifjcif;rsm;jzpfonf?

oD & d ò rd i f e ,f a jr
obmywdrsm;tjzpfaqmif&u G =f uaom/ awmifov l ,form; OD;òrdŒ/ t+idr;f pm; ynma&;
0efxrf; OD;cifw;dk / AG'D , D v dk yk if ef;&Sif OD;0if;ol qko d rl sm;//
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm;tjzpfaqmif&u G =f uaom a':cifat;&D/ a': =unf=unfviG f qko d rl sm;?
tqkd qko d nfuzdk wf=um;&aom oD&òd rdi&f yfuu G af e OD;&Jeidk f qko
d /l /
vufrw S af &;xk;d xm;onfh pmwrf;qko d nfuv dk ufco H nfh òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;
aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGrJ S tzGŒJ 0if OD;ausm0f if;xuf qko d El iS /fh ,if;tm;ay;tyfonfh oD&òd rdi&f yfuu G rf S
OD;wifòrdif qko d ?l

yef ; bJ w ef ; e,f a jr
obmywdrsm;tjzpfaqmif&u G =f uaom yef;bJwef;&yfuu G rf S pufq&m OD;xGe;f &Si/f ukef
onfrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;aiG0if;/ OD;tifprG ;f qkod rl sm;//
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm;tjzpfaqmif&u G =f uaom a':rrESi;f OD; ESihf a':EG,Ef , G cf idk f qko
d rl sm;//
tqkd qko d nfuzdk wf=um;&aom jynfwiG ;f ukew f ifuek cf s vkyof m;rª; OD;^m%fO;D qko d /l /
145
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

vufrw S af &;xk;d xm;onfh pmwrf;qko d nfuv dk ufco H nfh òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;
aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGrJ S tzGŒJ 0if OD;wif!e$ @f qdok El iS hf ,if;tm;ay;tyfonfh armifi&H yfuu G rf S OD;aiGp;dk qko
d /l
a&$ ò rd i f o D & D e ,f a jr
obmywdrsm;tjzpfaqmif&u G =f uaom v_id &f yfuu G rf uS ek of nfrsm;jzpf=uonfh OD;ode;f ZH/
OD;ausmaf t;/ OD;cifarmifat; qko d rl sm;?
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm;jzpf=uaom a':a'pD ESifh a':oif;oif;rGef qko d rl sm;//
tqkd qko d nfuzdk wf=um;&aom ief;aw;&yfuu G rf S t+ird ;f pm; ausmif;q&m OD;rif;pk;d oef;?
vufrw S af &;xk;d xm;onfh pmwef;qko d nfuv dk ufco H nfh òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sif
tzGŒJ cGrJ S tzG@J 0if OD;=unf0if; qko d El iS hf ay;tyfol OD;atmifp;dk qko d ?l

3? rE aW v;wkid ;f / jrif;+cHòrdŒe,frS trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,

dk pf m;
vS,f OD;aygcif ESihf oufqidk o f nfh Oya'rJv h yk &f yfrsm;ukd vkyaf qmifay;&olrsm;rSm atmufygw@kd jzpf
onf? ‚if;wd@k onf Oya'rJv h yk &f yfrsm;ukyd ;l aygi;f }uHpnf+yD; tm;ay;tm;ajr‡mufðyvkyaf e=uonf?

ul&Gmwkdufe,fa'o
obmywdrsm;jzpfonfh awmifoOl ;D wkyf (1) ESihf awmifoOl ;D ode;f 0if;/ t+ird ;f pm; ausmif;tkyf
q&m}uD; OD;az&Sed f qko d rl sm;?
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm;jzpf=uaom a':rsKd ;jrwfo/l a': Ekid Ef ikd Of ;D qko d rl sm;?
tqkd qko d nfuzdk wf=um;&aom ul&mG rS awmifol OD;oef;jrif?h
vufrw S af &;xk;d xm;onfh pmwrf;qko d nfuv dk ufco H nfh òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;
aumfr&Sit
f zG@J crJG S OD;at;csKd qko d El iS fh ay;tyf&onfh jrif;+cHòrd@/ (13) &yfuu G f pkreG &f wem or0g,r
vDrw
d ufrS OD;rif;aZmf qko d /l /

aysmf b G , f p H j ywk d u f e ,f a 'o

obmywdrsm; - awmifoOl ;D vSaiG/ ukeo f nfO;D aX;atmif/ OD;rif;ekifd f qko
d rl sm;?
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm; - a': jrjroku d /f a':!k!dk jkd rifh qko
d rl sm;?
pmwrf;qko d nfuzdk wf=um;&aom aysmb f , G af us;&GmrS awmifoOl ;D atmifòrdiq f odk ?l
vufrw S af &;xk;d ;xm;onfh pmwrf;qko d nfuv dk ufc&H aom òrdŒe,ftm%mykid t f zGŒJ rS tzGŒJ
0if OD;nGe@f ausmf qko d El iS fh ay;tyfaom acsmif;a'gi;f aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;vSaiG qko d ?l

xaemif;wkdifwkdufe,fa'o
obmywdrsm; - OD;=unfatmif/ OD;bkcd sp/f OD;aomif;pdef qko d rl sm;?
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm;- a': jrjroif;/ a':cifrsd K;jrif?h
tqkd qko d nfuzdk wf=um;&aom a'gi;f opfaus;&GmrS OD;pHoed ;f ?
vufrw S af &;xk;d xm;onfh pmwrf;qko
d nfuv dk ufc&H aom òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyu
JG si;f ya&;
146
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

aumfr&Siu
f ,dk pf m; jrif;jcHjynfoŒl aq;±krH S a'guw
f ma': =uL=uLEkid Ef iS fh ay;tyfaom ò*dvyf ifaus;
&GmrS awmifol OD;=unfatmif?

,Hkxkd;wkdufe,fa'o
obmywdrsm; - awmiforl sm;jzpf=uonfh OD;atmifaxG;/ OD;!d/k OD;jrif=h unf qko d rl sm;?
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm;- a':oif;oif;cdsK/ a':cifrmvm qko d rl sm;?
tqkd qko d nfuzdk wf=um;&aom ,kw H ;dk aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;ode;f aX; qko d ?l
vufrw S af &;xk;d xm;onfqadk om pmwrf;ukv d ufc&H aom òrd@e,fa&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sif
uk,
d pf m; òrd@e,ftaxGaxGtyk cf sKyfa&; OD;pD;XmerS/ 'kw, d OD;pD;rª; OD;aqGat; qko
d El iS hf ay;tyfaom
,kwH ;dk aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;Akv
d af r$;?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1360jynfEh pS /f waygif;vqkw(f 1)&uf//
1999ckEpS /f rwfv(2)&uf//
(trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,I
l jzef‹cso
d nf?)

1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 15 (3§99)

1? trdsK;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyo

f nf/ w&m;0ifrw S yf wHk ifxm;+y;D 1990 jynfEh pS /f arvY usi;f
ycJo
h nf/h ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG /f tjcm;w&m;0ifEikd if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESit fh wl
0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf ohJ nf? tqkyd ga&G;aumufyw JG iG f tzGŒJ csKyfuowfrw S af y;vku d o f nfh jynfo‹l vw $ f
awmfu,dk pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm; 0ifa&mufta&G;cHco hJ nf? tqkyd gu, dk pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;onf
w&m;0ifonfh yk*K~ v d rf sm;jzpf=uonf? xk‹d a=umifo h m a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGJ toD;
oD;u xkyd *k K~ v
d }f uD;rsm;tm;/ 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydiaf &G;cs,cf iG u hf dk w&m;0ifciG ðhf ycJjh cif;jzpfonf?

2? xkyd *k K~ v
d }f u;D rsm;xJwiG /f rEœav;wkid ;f / jrif;jcòH rŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS/ OD;armifarmif
0if; (c) OD;0if;armiftm;/ 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydit f a&G;cHapcJyh gonf? ‚if;tm; rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l u
k
vGwv f yfpmG ESihf ‚if;wk‹d .oabmqENt& qENay;cJ=h uonf? ‚if;onf ckid v f rHk J (39088)/ pkpak ygi;f
147
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

rJ&mckid Ef e_ ;f (68²08) jzifh ta&G;cHc&hJ onf? tm%mykid w

f ‹dk uvnf;/ ,if;yk*K~ v
d }f uD;onf w&m;0if
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,wf OD;jzpfa=umif; a=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf?

3? (u) ok‹d ygvsuf Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w Hk ifjcif;Oya'ESihf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG
Oya'rsm;wGi/f rnfonfjh yÏmef;csurf sm;wGirf S vk;H 0ryg&o dS nfuh pd rP sm;ud/k jyÏmef;csuf
rsm;ESiq fh ef‹usiv f su/f OD;armifarmif0if; tm; 3-3-99 &ufae‹u/ t,kt H =unf
r&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;[k oufqidk &f mjynfov l x
l uk /dk tm%mykid rf sm;u/
twif;t"rR w&m;rJ+h cdr;f ajcmufI aºuG;a=umfapcJo h nf?
(c) tqkyd gvyk &f yfwiG f atmufygw‹dk onf w&m;Oya'rJv h yk af qmif&mwGif yg0ify;l aygi;f
=upH nfaqmif&u G cf =hJ uonf? od‹k a=umifh ‚if;wk‹d onf/ w&m;Oya'rsm;ESihf +idpeG ;f ol
rsm;jzpfonf? w&m;Oya'abmifudk usL;ausmaf eolrsm;jzpfonf?
(1) oufqidk &f mtm%mykid t f zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;rSorl sm;?

(2) acgi;f uëw J u dk ef ,frS

obmywdrsm; - awmifol OD;pH&/ awmifoOl ;D jrifah tmif/ awmifol OD;aqmif
qkod rl sm;?
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm; - a':cifaqG0if;/ a':oef;oef;aqGjrifh qko d rl sm;?
qENazmfxw k wf ifjyonfqadk omol - omaygi;f aus;&Gm rS awmifol OD;ref;jrifh
qko
d ?l
qENðyvufrw S af &;xk;d rSww
f rf;qko
d nfuadk y;tyfol - acgi;f uGaJ us;&GmrS awmif
ol OD;oef;at; qko d ?l
c±kid f OD;pD;rª; - OD;wifatmif!eG ‹f qko d ?l

(3) opf±w Hk u
dk ef ,frS
obmywdrsm; - awmifolOD;oef;0if;/ awmifolOD;aomif;xGef;/ awmifol
OD;uHaiGqo dk rl sm;?
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm; - a':wifwifjr/ a':wifwifºuG,f qko d rl sm;/ qENxw k af zmf
wifjyonfqadk omol opf±aHk us;&GmrS awmifol OD;omatmif qko d ?l
qENðyvufrw S af &;xk;d rSww f rf;qko
d nfudk ay;tyfaomol- opf±aHk us;&GmrS
awmifol OD;csp+f idr;f qko d ?l
rSwwf rf;qko d nfudk vufco H l - jrif;jcHòrdŒe,f Oya't&m&Sd OD;uku
d Edk ikd f qko
d ?l

(4) qD;rD;ckw
H u
dk ef ,frS
obmywdrsm; - awmifol OD;ode;f 0if;/ awmifol OD;jrifah z/ awmifol OD;qef;&D
qkod rl sm;?

148
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

tcrf;tem;rª;rsm; - a':0if;&D/ a':oef;oef; qko d rl sm;?

qENxwk af zmfwifjyonfqadk omol - qDr;D ck&H mG rS awmifoOl ;D aÏ;vif; qko d ?l
qENðyvufrw S af &;xk;d rSwwf rf;qko d nfuakd y;tyfaomol - qDr;D ck&H mG r &GmrS
awmifol OD;tke;f armif qko d ?l
rSww
f rf;qko
d nfudk vufco H l - jrif;+cHòrdŒe,f ynma&;rª; OD;xGe;f =unf qko
d ?l

(5) av;tdrw f ef;wku d ef ,frS

obmywdrsm; - awmifoOl ;D tke;f a&$/ om;a&ukeo f nfO;D armifarmif/ t+idr;f
pm; ausmif;q&m OD;ausmaf Zm qko d rl sm;?
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm; - a':cifrsd K;vS/ a':rmrmat; qko d rl sm;?
qENazmfxkwfwifjyonfqkdaomol - av;tdrfwef;aus;&GmrS awmifol
OD;ausm&f if qkod ?l
qENðy vufrw S af &;xk;d rSwwf rf;qko
d nfudk ay;tyfaomol - jrif;+còH rŒd / &yfuu G f
trSwf (14) rS a&$yef;wdrf vkyif ef;&Sif OD;ausm'f eG ;f qkod ?l
rSww f rf;qko
d nfudk vufco H l - t+ird ;f pm; rlvwef; ausmif;tky}f u;D OD;jrifo
h ed ;f
qkod ?l

(6) ebl;tkid wf u dk ef ,frS

obmywdrsm; - awmifol OD;ausmjf rif/h awmifol OD;[efaxG;/ awmifol OD;wif
armif qko d rl sm;?
tcrf;tem;rª;rsm; - a':trmxl;/ a':armfarmf qko d rl sm;?
qENazmfxw k f wifjyonfqadk omol - ebl;tkid af us;&GmrS armfawmf,mOfvyk f
ief;&Sif OD;pk;d 0if; qko d ?l
qENðy vufrw S af &;xk;d rSwwf rf;qko d nfudk ay;tyfaomol - ebl;tkid af us;&GmrS
awmifol OD;vSarmif qko d ?l
rSwwf rf;qko d nfudk vufco H l - òrdŒe,f w&m;ol}uD; OD;tke;f oGiq
f o
dk ?l

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f waygif;vjynfah usmf (8)&uf//
1999 ckEpS /f rwfv (9)&uf//

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf//)
149
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkukd,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrDwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 16 (3§99)

1? &efuek w f idk ;f / ok;H cGòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfov l x l uk ‚if;wk@d . vGwv f yfaom
oabmqENt&vnf;aumif;/ tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfov l xl rk S qif;oufonf[al om
'Dru
dk a&pDusiphf Oft&vnf;aumif;/ 1990 jynfEh pS f arvu usi;f ycJo h nfh ygwpD 'Hk rD u
dk a&pD taxGaxG
a&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfo@l vw
$ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf
0ifa&mufta&G;cHco hJ nfh OD;vGit f m; rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x
l u
k wcJeuf qENraJ y;I v_u d vf ud_ v
f v
JS JS
axmufcv H u
dk o f nf?

2? OD;vGio
f nf ckid v
f rHk J (18189) &&S+d yD;/ &mckid Ef e_ ;f (68²11) jzifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH
cJ&h +yD; a&G;aumufyEJG iS o
hf ufqidk o f nfh ygwpD 'Hk rD u
dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
u ‚if;onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,jf zpfonf[k w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h y;D jzpfonf// ok@d a=umifh
OD;vGio f nf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,w f OD;tjzpf &yfwnf
vsu&f o dS nf?

3? OD;vGio f nf *k%o f a&&So

d nfh yk*K~ v d }f u;D jzpfonft h jyif rdrw d idk ;f jynf vGwv f yfa&;óu;d yrf;r_
tqifqh ifah qmif&u G rf r_ sm;wGif uk,
d wf idk u f ,dk uf syg0ifaqmif&u G cf ohJ nfh wkid ;f jynfuw dk u,fcspf
aomyk*K~ v
d jf zpfonf? ‚if;jyif 1980 ckEpS t f xd wyfrawmfwiG f }uD;rm;aomwm0efrsm;ukd tqifh
twef;jrifjh rifjh zifh wm0ef,al qmif&u G cf o hJ nfh yk*K~ vd jf zpf±rHk u wkid ;f jynftyk cf sKyfa&;Xmersm;wGif
'kw,
d 0ef}uD;csKyftjzpf wkid ;f jynfwm0efrsm;ukd rsKd ;csppf w d jf zifah qmif&u G cf o hJ nfyh *k K~ v
d }f uD;jzpfonf?

4? rdrw d idk ;f jynfwiG f 'Dru

kd a&pDa&;ESihf vlŒtcGithf a&;rsm;&&Sad p&ef&nf&, G cf sujf zifh w&m;0if
zGŒJ pnf;v_y&f mS ;aeonfh trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyw
f iG f A[kt
d vkyt f r_aqmiftzGŒJ 0ifwOD;taejzifh
twGi;f a&;rª;wm0ef,I l use;f rma&;csKd ŒwJah evsuyf if ZG/J owW&d &dS jdS zifh yg0ifaqmif&u G v f yk u
f idk f
aeonfyh *k Kd~ vf}uD;rSm OD;vGijf zpfonf?

5? w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,Of ;D vGit f m; ‚if;.rJqENe,fwiG f tm%mykid f

axmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;uOD;aqmifI òrdŒe,f/ &yf§aus; tm%mykid t f zGŒJ rsm;ESi/hf ekikd if aH &;ESifh
rnfo@dk r# oufqidk jf cif;r&Sad om vlra_ &;tzGŒJ wckomjzpfonfh }uc›H idk af &;tzGŒJ rsm;tm;ckid ;f apI OD;vGif
tm; (p) t,kt H =unf r&S/d raxmufcH (qk;H ) qko d nfh odrzf si;f vSonfh aºu;G a=umforH sm;atmf[pf&ef
twif;t"rRtEkid u f sihf vlpak eonf[k owif;&&So d nf? ,ck rwfv rukerf D w&m;r0ifonfh vky&f yf
150
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

rsm;ukd vkyaf qmif=urnf[k owif;&&So d nf? ,if;wk@d . vky&f yfrsm;onf Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;zGŒJ pnf;jcif;
ESifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'rsm;wGif vk;H 0O\kyH g0ifjyÏmef;xm;jcif;r&So d nfh Oya'rJ/h
w&m;rJh vky&f yfrsm;omjzpfygvrd rhf nf?

6? OD;vGi. f rJqENe,fajrwGif e,fajra'o (8) ck cGx J m;+yD;/ a'owckY aus;&Gmtkypf k (8)

ckrS (10) cktxd yg0ifonf[o k &d onf? tqkyd ge,fajra'owGif tm%mykid rf sm;ESi/hf Ekid if aH &;ESifh
vk;H 0ywfoufjcif;r&S&d onfh }uHc› idk af &;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;u csKyfuidk x
f m;Ekid o
f nfah us;&Gmwckudk rw&m;/
Oya'rJh v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;twGuf tajccHxm;onf[k od&onf//

7? tm%mykid af xmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;ESifh }uHch idk af &;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;onf at;csr;f pGmvkyu f idk f
pm;aomufaeEkid &f ef ±ke;f uefae&onfh jynfovl xl u k dk rw&m;aom/ w&m;r0ifaom Oya'rJh vky&f yf
rsm;ukd rvkyaf qmif=u&ef trsKd ;om;'Drudk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyuf wku d wf eG ;f vku
d o
f nf? oufqidk &f mjynfol
vlxu k vnf;/ w&m;Oya'rJh vky&f yfrsm;ukd vkyaf qmifvo dk nfq
h ENr&Srd nfudk tzGŒJ csKyfuaumif;pGm
od&dS em;vnfyga=umif;?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1360jynfEh pS /f wefc;l vqef; (2)&uf//
1999ckEpS /f rwfv(18)&uf//

(trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu wm0ef,I
l jzef‹cso
d nf//)

1990jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkukd,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrDwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 17 (3§99)

1? ppfuidk ;f wkid ;f / aumvif;òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,frS jynfov l x l uk vGwv f yfaomoabmqEN

t&vnf;aumif;/ tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfov l x
l rk q S if;oufonf[al om 'Dru dk a&pD
usiphf Oft&vnf;aumif;/ 1990 jynfEh pS /f arv u usi;f ycJo h nfh ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;
aumufyGJwGif trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf. jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf
0ifa&mufta&G;cHco hJ nfh OD;ode;f pHtm; wcJeufqENraJ y;I v_u d v f ud_ v
f v
JS aJS xmufccH o
hJ nf?
151
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

2? OD;ode;f pHonf ckid v f rHk J (29986) &&S+d y;D / rJ&mckid Ef e_ ;f (73²1) jzifh a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufjcif;
cHc&hJ +yD; ygwpD 'Hk rD u
dk a&pDa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f OD;ode;f pHtm; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk f
pm;vS,jf zpfonf[k w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD; jzpfonf//

3? xkd w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;ode;f pHtm; ‚if;.rJqENe,fwiG f tm%m

ukdifaxmufvSrf;a&;tzGJŒrsm;uOD;aqmifI EdkifiHa&;ESihfrnfokd@r#roufqkdifaom vlr_a&;tzGJŒ
tpnf;wckjzpfonfh }uHc› idk af &;ESizhf ŒHG òzd;a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tm;ckid ;f apum OD;ode;f pHtm; (p) “t,kH
t=unfr&S/d vk;H 0 róuu d af wmh/ jynforl sm;tm; trsKd ;rsKd ;'kuaQ y;aea}umif;” (qk;H ) jzifh odrzf si;f onfh
vky&f yfudk pwifvyk af qmifae=uonf[k owif;&onf?

4? aumvif;òrdŒe,fwiG f òrdŒay: (6) &yfuu G /f aus;&Gmtkypf k (47) tkypf /k pkpak ygi;f &yf§aus;
(53) tkypf &k o
dS nf? aus;&Gm(47) tkypf uk dk 28-2-99 &ufae@wiG f wòyid ef ufwnf; òrŒd e,ftm%mukid f
wk@d .!¸e=f um;csujf zifh jynfaxmifp}k uc›H idk af &;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;toif;rSO;D pD;I vufrw
S af &;xk;d ckid ;f onf[k
owif;&onf?

5? o&ufct Hk yk pf /k tifa=umpOf aus;&GmwGif 28-2-99 ae@/ rGe;f vGJ (2) em&DwiG f aus;&Gmat;
csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpD OuUÏ OD;armifoef;ESifh tzG@J 0ifrsm;onfvnf;aumif;/ uom
òrdŒe,f}uHc› idk af &;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;toif;rS twGi;f a&;rª; OD;armifarmifviG Ef iS fh tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;onfvnf;
aumif;/ trdsK;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. aumvif;òrdŒe,f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f m;
uk, d pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS y,fzsu&f eftwGuf aus;&Gm&Sd tdraf xmifp0k ifpm&if;rsm;awmif;,lum t
ouf (18) ESpf jynf+h yD;olwidk ;f vufrw S af &;xk;d ay;&rnf/ vufrw S rf a&;xk;d ygu axmif'%f (2) ESpf
rS (3) ESpt f xd usc&H rnfjzpfa=umif; +cdr;f ajcmufvufrw S af &;xk;d ckid ;f onf[k =um;od&onf// tdrf
axmifO;D pD;rsm; tpnf;ta0;rwufygu '%faiG 100d§- ay;aqmif&rnf[v k nf; ajyma=umif;
od&onf/
6? tcsKd Œwku d ef ,faus;&Gmtkypf rk sm;wGif aumvif;òrdŒe,f at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;
aumifpOD uUÏ OD;bk;d [efEiS t hf wl/ &JwyfzŒJG e,fxed ;f 'kwyf=uyf OD;pdeaf omif;ESihf &JwyfzŒJG 0ifrsm;u
tm%mukt d vGo J ;Hk pm;vkyu f m aus;&Gmjynforl sm;ukd twif;t=uyfvufrw S x f ;dk ckid ;f onf[k od&&dS
onf? usef tcsKd Œwku d ef ,faus;&Gmtkypf rk sm;wGif aus;&Gmat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpD
OuUÏ wk@d u tdraf xmifpZk ,m;rsm;awmif;,lum touf (18) ESpjf ynfo h wl idk ;f ukd toif, h al qmif
vmaomZ,m;rsm;YxnfhoGif;a&;om;+yD; xkdolrsm;.vufrSwfrsm;udk q,ftdrfacgif;wOD;u
aomfvnf;aumif;/ tdro f m;wOD;uaomfvnf;aumif; vufrw S af &;xk;d ay;&ef apckid ;f cJo h nf[k
qko d nf? tcsKd Œwku d ef ,faus;&Gmrsm;wGif jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,u f ydk ,fzsu&f ef vufrw S f
rxk;d ay;olrsm;tm; &Jpcef;ok@d ac:oGm;rnfjzpfa=umif; +cdr;f ajcmufonf[k od&&dS onf?

152
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

7? tqkyd ge,fajra'owGif tm%mukid rf sm;ESi/hf ekid if aH &;ESifh vk;H 0ywfoufjcif;r&Sad om

}uHc› idk af &;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&; tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tm; at;csr;f pGmvkyu f idk pf m;aomufaeEkid &f ef ±ke;f uefae&onfh
jynfov l x
l u k dk +cdr;f ajcmuft=uyfuidk I f w&m;r0ifaom Oya'rJv h yk &f yfrsm;rvkyaf qmif=u&ef
trdsK;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu wku d wf eG ;f vkud o
f nf? xkw d &m;rJrh u_ kd vkyaf qmif&ef twif;t=uyf
ukid cf aH e&aom jynfov l x
l wk @dk onf rdrwd @dk wifajrm‡ ufxm;aomuk, d pf m;vS,t f m; w&m;Oya'rJh
vky&f yfrsm;ukd vkyaf qmifvjdk cif;qENr&Sad =umif;ukv d nf; tzGŒJ csKyfuaumif;pGmem;vnfyga=umif;?

8// Tok@d w&m;0ifaeaomjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,u f dk “t,kt

H =unfr&S/d vk;H 0 r
axmufc”H qkod nfrsm;rSm atmufygta=umif;rsm;a=umifh vk;H 0w&m;r0ifa=umif; a=unmvku d f
onf?
(u) 27-9-88 &ufae@wiG f xkwjf yefco hJ nfh Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w
Hk ifjcif; Oya'ESifh
31-3-89 &ufae@wiG f xkwjf yefonfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'wGif
ryg&o dS nfh udprP sm;ukd aqmif&u G af ejcif;?
(c) 18-9-88 &ufpjJG zifh xkwjf yefaom trde@f trSwf 2§88 tyk'd f (c)t&/ vl (5) a,muf
ESifh vl (5) a,mufxufyI dk pka0;jcif;/ a[majymjcif;/ v_ŒH aqmfjcif;/ rnforl # rðy
vky&f qkx d m;vsuEf iS hf oufqidk &f mtm%mykid w f @dk u Tok@d jynfov l xl k pka0;ap
jcif;onf rw&m;aomvky&f yfjzpfjcif;?
(*) ±k;d om;jzLpifaomjynfov l x l u
k dk rw&m;ckw;Hk vkyjf cif;?
(C ) vuf&ydS idk af eaomtm%mukd tvGet f u|t H ok;H ðyjcif;?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1360jynfEh pS /f wefc;l vqef; (14)&uf
1999ckEpS /f rwfv(30)&uf

(trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu wm0ef,I
l jzefŒcso
d nf//)

153
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkukd,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrDwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;jyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 18 (3§99)

1? trdsK;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf w&m;0ifrw S yf wkH ifxm;onfh w&m;0iftrsKd ;om;Ekid if H

a&;udprP sm;ukd jynfjh ynf0h 0aqmif&u G yf idk cf iG &hf adS om Ekid if aH &;ygww D ckjzpfonf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f arvY
usi;f ycJah om ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy[ JG qk adk oma&G;aumufyw JG iG f tjcm;w&m;0if
Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESit hf wl 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydit f a&G;cHco hJ nf? tqkyd ga&G;aumufyw JG iG f tzGŒJ csKyfu
owfrw S af y;vkud o
f nfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm; 0ifa&mufta&G;cs,cf cH &hJ mwGif
a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGJ toD;oD;u xkyd *k K~ v d }f uD;rsm;. 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydit f a&G;
cs,cf rH u _ dk w&m;0ifvufccH o hJ nf? TonfrmS xku d ,
dk pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;onf Oya'pnf;urf;
ESit hf nD w&m;0ifonfyh *k K~ v d }f uD;rsm;jzpfaoma=umifjh zpfonf?

2? xkyd *k K~ v
d }f uD;rsm;xJwiG f ppfu f idk ;f wkid ;f / qm;vif;}uD;òrdŒe,f/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmf rJqENe,f
trSwf (1) twGuf OD;cifarmif=unftm; tzGŒJ csKyf.uk, d pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf ta&G;cs,cf aH p
cJo
h nf? ‚if;tm; rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x
l uk vGwv f yfpmG ‚if;wk@d .oabmqENt& qENraJ y;I jynfo@l
v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufc=hJ uonf// OD;cifarmif=unf&&Sad om ckid v f rHk J
ta&twGurf mS (18126) jzpf+y;D / &mckid Ef e_ ;f tm;jzifh (77²09) &mckid Ef e_ ;f jzifh ta&G;cHc&hJ onf? ygwpD 'Hk rD dk
ua&pDa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siq f o dk nfuvnf; ,if;yk*Kd~ vf}uD;onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
uk,d pf m;vS,w f OD;jzpfa=umif; w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf? OD;cifarmif=unf rSm 6-9-98 ae@rS
pI ,ae@txd tm%mykid w f @dk . zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;ukd cHae&qJjzpfonf?

3? (u) xko d @dk ‚if;wk@d u,

dk w
f idk f w&m;0ifa=unmxm;ygvsu/f Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm; rSwyf wHk ifjcif;
Oya' ESihf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' jyÏmef;csuyf g tcsut f vufrsm;ukd qef@usiu f m
tm%mykid q f o dk rl sm;u OD;cifarmif=unf tm;21-2-99 &ufae@u t,kt H =unfr&S/d vk;H 0 raxmuf
cHawmha=umif;[k oufqidk &f mjynfov l x
l uk dk oufqidk &f mtm%mykifd qf o
dk rl sm;u twif;t"rR/
w&m;rJ+h cdr;f ajcmufI aºuG;a=umfapcJo h nf?
(c) tqkyd g w&m;Oya'rJh vky&f yfwiG f atmufygw@dk onf yg0ify;l aygi;f }uHpnfc=hJ uonf?
xk@d a=umifh ‚if;wk@d onf w&m;Oya'ESihf +idpeG ;f olrsm;jzpfonf? w&m;Oya'abmifudk
usL;ausmaf eolrsm;jzpfonf?
(1) oufqidk &f m tm%mykid t f zGŒJ tpnf;rS ywfoufaeolrsm;?
(2) qm;xk;H e,fajrrS
154
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

- obmywdrsm; - t+idr;f pm; ausmif;tky}f uD; OD;a&$/ ukeo f nf OD;vSaz/ òrdŒe,f

um;toif; OuUÏ - OD;tke;f armifqo dk rl sm;?
- tcrf;tem;rª;rsm; - a':oef;0if;pef;/ a':at;at;oef; qko d rl sm;?
- qENaz:xkwaf jym=um;ol - òrdŒrtrSwf (2) &yfuu G af e OD;wifaqmif; qko d ?l
- qENðyvufrw S af &;xk;d rSww f rf;qkod nfudk ay;tyfol - òrdŒr&yfae OD;cifarmif
aX; qko d ?l
- rSww f rf;qko d nfudk vufco H l - qm;vif;}uD;òrdŒe,f ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxG
axGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if OD;ode;f atmif qko d ?l
(3) azgi;f uwme,fajrrS
- obmywdrsm; - ukeo f nf OD;bk;d eD/ awmifoOl ;D Akv d óf udi/f pufavStoif;rS
OD;uHoed ;f qko d rl sm;/
- tcrf;tem;rª;rsm; - a':at;at;oef;/ a': jrifjh rif0h if; qko d rl sm;?
- qENaz:xkwaf jym=um;ol - &Gm&Snaf us;&GmrS OD;oef;a&G qko d ?l
- qENðyvufrw S af &;xk;d rSww f rf;qkod nfuadk y;tyfol - azgi;f uwm aus;&GmrS
ukeo f nf OD;oef;!dk qko d ?l
- rSww f rf;qko d nfudk vufco H l - qm;vif;}u;D òrŒd e,f ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pD taxGaxG
a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if OD;aZmf0if;xGe;f qko d ?l

4? xk@d tjyif &&S/d =um;odxm;aomowif;rsm;t& &efuek w f idk ;f / oefvsiòf rdŒe,f rJqENe,f

trSwf (1) rS ta&G;cs,cf x H m;&aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,dk pf m;vS,f a'guw f m0if;Ekid tf m;/
“t,kH t=unfr&S/d vk;H 0 raxmufcaH wmha=umif;” qko d nfv
h w l pk. qENaz:xkwyf w JG ckudk w&m;
r0ifusi;f yðyvkyrf nf[k =um;od&onf?

5? &efuek w f idk ;f / oefvsiòf rŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfov l xl u

k vGwvf yfaomoabm
qENt&vnf;aumif;/ tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfov l x
l rk q S if;oufonf[al om 'Dru
dk a&pD
usiphf Oft&vnf;aumif;/ 1990 jynfEh pS /f arvu usi;f ycJah om ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;
aumufyGJqkdonfwGif trdsK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf. jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf
a'guw f m0if;Ekid t
f m; wcJeufqENraJ y;I v_u d v
f pJS mG a&G;cs,cf =hJ uonf?

6? a'guw f m0if;ekid o
f nf ckid v
f rHk J (18845) rJ&&S+d yD;/ rJ&mckid Ef e_ ;f (66²46) &mckid Ef e_ ;f jzifh a&G;
aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHc&hJ ojzif/h ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sif qko d nfu
a'guw
f m0if;Ekid tf m; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,jf zpfonf[k w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf?

7? 6-9-98 &ufae@rpS I ,ae@txd tm%mykid w f @dk . zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHae&onf/h

w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
dk pf m;vS,w
f OD;jzpfonfh a'guw f m0if;Ekid t
f m; raxmufcaH wmh
155
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

a=umif; qENaz:xkwfyGJðyvkyfEkdif&eftwGuf bk&m;ukef;aus;&Gmtkyfpk/ ausmufa&wGif;aus;&Gm

tv,fwef;ausmif;Y ðyvkyaf om òrŒd e,f}uc›H idk af &;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;toif; tr_aqmifrsm; qifyh mG ;oif
wef;qkod nfwiG f oufqidk &f mrJqENe,fajr&Sd jynfov l xl uk dk rnfo@dk t=uyfuidk I f / w&m;r0ifonfh
,if;vky&f yfudk vkycf idk ;f &rnfudk tpDtpOfrsm; ðyvky=f uonf[k od&&dS onf? vlra_ &; toif;omv#if
jzpfaom }uHc› idk af &;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;toif;0ifrsm;taejzifh rdrw d @dk EiS hf rnfo@dk r# roufqidk o
f nfh Ekid if aH &;
&m udprP sm;ukd rnfou l ckid ;f Ivky&f onfjzpfap/ Tvky&f yfonf w&m;r0ifaom Oya'udu k sL;vGef
onfv h yk &f yfomjzpfa=umif; odapvku d o
f nf? ckid ;f ol/ vkyo f l ESpOf ;D pvk;H odumQ rJv
h o
S nf?

8? tvm;wlyif yJc;l wkid ;f / om,m0wDòrde,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) jynfoŒl v$waf wmf

uk,d pf m;vS,f OD;pH0if; ESihf trSwf (2) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
dk pf m;vS,f OD;armifat; wk@d tm;/ t,kt
H
=unfr&d/S raxmufcaH wmha=umif; rw&m;qENaz:xkwyf JG ðyvkyrf nf[k =um;od&onf?

9? xkyd *k K~ v
d }f u;D (2) OD;onf 1990 jynfEh pS /f arv u usi;f ycJo h nfh ygwpD 'Hk rD udk a&pDtaxGaxG
a&G;aumufyq JG o dk nfwiG f OD;pH0if;u ckid v
f rHk J (15309)/ rJ&mckid Ef e_ ;f (54 ² 91) &mckid Ef e_ ;f / OD;armifat;
u ckid v
f rHk J (14747)/ rJ&mckid Ef e_ ;f (60²26) &mckid Ef e_ ;f &&SI
d oufqidk &f mjynfov l x l . k vGwv f yfaom
oabmqENt& wcJeufa&G;cs,cf x H m;&aom trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpfonf? Tonfudk ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
qkod nfuvnf; w&m;0ifa=unm+y;D jzpfonf?

10? xkd w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (2) OD;onf ,cktcg tm%mykid rf sm;.
zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;ukcd aH e=u&+y;D / xko d El pS Of ;D tm; t,kt H =unfr&S/d raxmufcaH wmha=umif;
rw&m; qENaz:xkwyf JG ðyvkyEf idk &f eftwGu2f 2-3-99 &ufae@u om,m0wDòrdŒ q&mpHcef;rwGif
òrdŒe,ftm%mykid t f zGŒJ u}uD;rª;I tpnf;ta0;w&yfðyvkyo f nf[k =um;od&onf// ,if;tpnf;
ta0;ok@d &yfuu G t f m%mykid rf sm;ESihf }uHc› idk af &;ESizhf ŒHG òzd;a&; toif;0ifrsm; wufa&muf=uonf[k
od&onf?

11? ,if;tpnf;ta0;Y om,m0wDc±kid f tm%mykid t f zGŒJ OuUÏ 'k-Akv d rf ;_ }uD; tke;f jrifh ESihf
òrŒd e,f tm%mykid t f zGŒJ OuUÏ OD;cifp;dk wk@d u atmufygtwkid ;f ajymqk! d e¸ =f um;onf[o k &d &dS onf?
(u) om,m0wDòrdŒe,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) ESit hf rSwf (2) rS uk, d pf m;vS,Ef pS Of ;D ukd
t,kt H =unfr&Sd tqkw d ifoiG ;f &rnf?
(c) t,kt H =unfr&Sd tqkw d ifoiG ;f Ekid af &;twGu/f &yfuu G t f m%mykid rf sm;ESihf }uHc› idk af &;
ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;toif;0ifrsm;yl;aygi;f +y;D / wtdrw f ufwtdrq f if; vkud vf I H touf (18)
ESpf jynf+h yD;olwidk ;f ukd vufrw S af &;xk;d ckid ;f &rnf?
(*) t,kt H =unfr&Sad =umif; vufrw S af &;xk;d xm;onfh ykpH H (2) apmifudk 31-3-99 &uf
ae@ aemufq;Hk xm;+yD; òrdŒe,ftm%mykid ±f ;Hk ok@d ay;yk@d &rnf?
156
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

(C) ‚if;ykpH rH sm;ukd ygwpD 'Hk rD u

dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siqf o
dk nfh
±k;H ok@d wifjy+yD; aumfr&Siu f owfrw S af y;onf&h ufwiG f t,kt H =unfr&Sd rw&m;
tqkw d ifoiG ;f onfh rw&m;vlpyk u JG si;f y&rnf?

12? ,cktcg jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;taejzifh jynfoŒl wm0efukd xrf;aqmifciG hf
r&=uonft h jyif/ rdrrd qJ ENe,fajrukyd if oGm;a&mufciG rhf ay;bJ/ tppt&m&m ydwyf if[ef@wm;jcif;
ukcd aH e&onf? jynfov l xl }k uD;w&yfv;Hk rSmvnf; qefaumxJwiG f ZD;jzLoD;ukd xnfv h rdS o hf uJoh @dk
w,Hwqdwrf # at;at;csr;f csr;f / em;em;aeae r&S=d u&ay? vkycf aiGa=u;r&&Sb d /J twif;t"rR
vkyt f m;ay;apckid ;f cH=u&onf? ukeaf ps;E_e;f }uD;jrifjh cif;'%fukd tvl;tvJc=H u&ojzif/h w0rf;wcg;
aeom±krH #pm;aomufeidk &f ef/ raerem;/ ae&mra&G;/ tcgra&G;/ odumQ rapmifph nf;ekid }f uawmhbJ
ykdufqH&v#if rnfonfhtvkyfrqkdvkyfukdifae=u&onf? awmifolv,form;rsm;rSmvnf;
rdrpd u kd o
f nfo
h ;D ESu
H ykd if rdrd vk;H vk;H vsm;vsm;rykid /f owfrw S u
f w
dk may;ae=u&onf? v,fvyk o f m;
rsm;b0qkv d #if pkwjf ywfI/ rwfwwfajcmufae=uay+y?D Tok‹d qif;&Jr_ twd'u k Q trsKd ;rdsK; cHpm;ae
=u&aom tESyd pf ufcH jynfov l x l }k uD;tm; oufqidk &f mtm%mykid rf sm;ESifh ,if;wk‹d . tckid ;f cH
tac|t&Hrsm;uvnf;aumif;/ }uHc› idk af &;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;toif;0ifrsm;uvnf;aumif;/ t"rR +cdr;f
ajcmuf/ t=uyfuidk I f trdsK;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfqef@usiaf &; tiftm;twkjyyGrJ sm;ukd wuf
a&muf=u&ef ac:,lnO‡ ;f qJae=uonf? rwufa&muforl sm;rSm '%faiGay;aqmif=u&onf?

13? Tod‹k ðyvky&f ef oufqidk &f mtm%mykid t f qifq h ifuh rD;pdr;f jyIvrf;!$ecf surf sm;ay;um
ckid ;f apaejcif;tm;jzif/h Oya'pk;d rk;d a&;[laomt"dyg` ,t f rSeEf iS hf tajctaerSerf sm; ,cktcg aysmuf
uG,af e+yjD zpfonf? ‚if;tm%mykifd rf sm;ESihf ,if;wk@d ckid ;f wkid ;f vkyaf om vlŒtokid ;f t0kidk ;f tcsKd Œwk@d onf
w&m;Oya'pk;d rk;d a&;ukzd suq f ;D ae=ujcif;a=umifh xkv d yk &f yfrsm;ukd jyif;xefpmG ±_wcf svu dk of nfh tjyif/
&yfwef;u&yf=u&ef wku d w
f eG ;f vku d o
f nf? ±k;d om;aomjynfov l xl u
k vnf;/ Oya'rJ/h ta=umif;rJh
vky&f yfrsm;ukd vku
d ef mvkyaf qmifjcif; &Sv d rd rhf nfr[kw[ f k jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrwDu
,k=H unfyga=umif;?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f wefc;l vjynfah e‹?
1999 ckEpS /f rwfv(31)&uf//

(trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,I
l jzef‹cso
d nf?)

157
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkukd,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrDwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 19 (4§99)

1? 1990 jynfEh pS uf usi;f ycJo h nfh ygwpD 'Hk rD udk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f rE aW v;wdik ;f
ausuyf ef;awmif;òrŒd e,frS atmufyg jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm;/ oufqikd &f m rJqEN
&Sif jynfov
l xl u k wcJeufaxmufcI H a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufay;cJo h nf? ‚if;yk*Kd~ v}f u;D (2) OD;onf
trsKd ;om;'Drudk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfukd ud,
k pf m;ðy=uonf?
OD;Advk Zf H - rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) / cdik v f rkH J (35320) ESihf rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (70²87) &&So d nf?
OD;aiGxeG ;f - rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) / cdik v f rkH J (35735) ESihf rJ&mckid Ef e_ ;f (68²44) &&So d nf?

2? txufyg w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,}f u;D (2) OD;tm; 15-2-99 &ufae@
wGif tm%mydik t f zG@J rsm;u Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf wkH ifjcif;Oya'ESihf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG
Oya'rsm;wGif vH;k 0O\Hk jyÏmef;xm;jcif;r&So d nht f csurf sm;udk azguzf suv f su/f jynfov l x
l q k kd
onfukd tvGo J ;kH pm;ðyum t,Ht k =unfr&S/d raxmufc[ H k aºuG;a=umfatmf[pfapcJo h nf? xdo k @kd
Oya'rJ/h rw&m;vky&f yfrsm;udk vkyaf qmifjcif;rðy&efEiS hf rdrx d wk jf yefco
hJ nfh Oya'ukd rdrcd sKd ;azgujf cif;
rðy&ef óudwifuef@uu G f ±_wcf sc+hJ yD;jzpfonf? od@k pOfvsuf tm%mydik rf sm;u ±k;d om;ajzmifph if;aom
jynfov l x
l t
k m; Oya'csKd ;azguo f nfeh nf;vrf;udk twif;t"rRenf;rsm;jzifh jyovkyaf qmifapcJh
onf?

3? od@k rw&m;/ Oya'rJ/h twif;t"rR vkyaf qmifrE_ iS @f ywfoufI “w&m;aomOya'udk

vdvk m;awmifw h aeaom jynfow l @kd .ud,
k pf m;”[k trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfo@kd 18-2-99
&ufpjJG zifah &;om;ay;yd@k onfh ta=umif;=um;pmygtcsurf sm;udk az: jyvdu k o
f nf?
(p) vl}uD;rif;odap&ef ta=umif;=um;tyfygonf? u|eaf wmfonf rE aW v;wdik ;f ausmuf
yef;awmif;òrŒd e,f/ ajrmufawmaus;&GmrS jzpfygonf? u|eaf wmfw@kd &GmwGif 15-2-99 &ufu tjzpf
tysurf sm;udk wifjyvdyk gonf? ,if;rSm -
15-2-99 &ufae@ ae@vnf (12) em&Dcef@wiG f u|eaf wmfw@kd &Gm. &Gmol}uD;jzpfol OD;atmif
jrifo
h nf aus;&Gmaejynfov l x
l t
k aygi;f tm;/ 16-2-99 &ufae@wiG f jynfoŒl qEN az:xkwyf o JG ‹kd
(18) ESpjf ynfo h w l idk ;f rysurf uGuwf ufa&muf=uyg&ef/ qENaz:xkwyf o JG @kd rwufa&mufygu rdr. d
wm0ef/ rdr. d tjypfomjzpfa=umif;udk toHcsŒJ pufjzifh ajymqdt k oday;cJyh gonf? ‚if;aemuf nae
6;00 em&Dcef@wiG f jynfaxmifp}k uHc› ikd af &;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;toif; pnf;±H;k a&;rª;jzpfol armifcifarmifaX;
onfvnf; ‚if;enf;twdik ;f a=unmtoday;jyefygonf? 16-2-99 &ufae@eeH uf 6;00 cef@wiG f
158
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

jynfaxmifp}k uHc› idk af &;ESihf zHŒG òzd;a&;toif; tr_aqmif armifa&$oed ;f rSvnf; ,ae@eeH uf 8;00 em&D
cef@wiG f 18 ESpjf ynfjh y;D olwidk ;f (NLD) ±_wcf syo JG @dk rysurf uGuw f ufa&muf=uyg&ef/ rwufa&mufyg
u rdr. d tjypf rdr. d wm0efomjzpfaf =umif; today;a=unmtyfygonf[k toHcsŒJ pufjzifh a=unm
cJyh gonf? (rSwcf su?f ? (NLD) ±_wcf sy. JG ae&mrSm u|eaf wmf&h mG . awmifbuf 1 rdik cf cJG ef@&dS
awmifay:&Gmom jzpfygonf? )
Tod@k jzifh ±_wcf syo JG @kd wufa&muf=u&onf? jyefvmcJ=h u&onf? Todjk zifh (NLD) ±_wcf syJG
od@k rwufa&mufaomolrsm;udk '%faiG 50d usyw f wd d ±du
k yf gonf? ,ck csucf si;f vma&muf
'%faiGaqmif=uyg[k &&u OuUÏ jzpfol atmifjrifh qdo k u
l toHcsŒJ pufjzifh a=unmjyefygonf?
±_wcf syo JG @kd rwufa&mufot l m;vH;k 150 cef@&adS =umif; od&rdS w S o f m;&ygonf? Tod@k jzifh oH;k }urd w f ikd f
wdik f today;a=unmygonf? aiGa=u;tqifajyI '%faiGaqmifol OD;a& 115 OD;cef@ &So d nf[k
=um;cJ&h ygonf? '%faiGaqmif aemufusaeolO;D a& rSm 35 a,muf&adS =umif; od&yg onf? Tod@k
'%faiGaqmifaemufusaeolrsm;udk OuUÏjzpfol atmifjrifu h ykyg` ;&Jpcef;rS e,fxed ;f jzpfol &m!¸e@f
ESihf taygi;f tyg&o J m;wa,mufuakd c:I '%faiGrsm;udk twif;t"rRawmif;qd±k t kH jyif 0dik ;f wHcg;
ydwx f m;aomtdrrf sm;udk (*syef acwfppfyv k yd rf sm;yrm) ajcaxmufjzifu h ef0ifI vl}u;D tdrf csujf cif;
vma&mufawGŒqH&k ef today;Ed;_ aqmfcyhJ gonf? xd@k a=umifh jynfov l x l ok nf &yf&mG vl}u;D tdrw f iG f
óuHŒóuHŒav;xdik I f idik af e=uygawmhonf? xd@k aemuf vl}uD;tdrw f iG f e,fxed ;f &Jjzpfol &m!Ge@f onf
cifAsm;wd@k ±_wcf syo JG @dk bmjzpfv@dk rwufa&muf=uwmvJ? cifAsm;wk@d tzGŒJ udk (NLD) tzGŒJ [k pGypf +JG y;D
&Jpcef;ac:&vdrrhf nf[k ajymqdck yhJ gonf? ‚if;aemuf &yf&mG vl}uD;atmifjrifrh S ajymaompum;rSm
vnf; usKyfukd ausmufyef;awmif;e,fyikd }f uD;u taigucf &H w,f? cifAsm;&Gmu }uD;+yD;awmh wuf
a&mufwv hJ Ol ;D a&enf;vSacsvm;? cifAsm; bmrS apmufo;kH rusb;l vd@k taigucf &H w,f? usKyfukd
taigucf &H wJt h wGuf usKyfuvnf; cifAsm;wk@d ukd 'Dtwdik ;f rxm;bl;/ &Jpcef;udyk @kd &vdrrhf ,f? tcsKyf
cdik ;f &vdrrhf ,f[k ajymqdck yhJ gonf? Tod@k jzifh trsKd ;rsKd ; +cdr;f ajcmuf[ed ;f a[mufcyhJ gonf? tcsed rf mS
um; 16-2-99 n 11;00 em&D tcdsex f d jzpfygonf? Tod@k jzifh ±_wcf syo JG @kd rwufa&mufI
'%faiGaqmifaemufusaeol (35) OD;tm; eHeufwiG f ykyg` ;&Jpcef;od@k omG ;a&muf&ef e,fxed ;f &m!Ge@f
ESihf taygi;f yg&o J m;wOD;wd@k u trde@f ay;chyJ gonf? xd@k aemuf vl}uD;tdrrf S vlpu k o JG mG ;cJyh gonf?
aemufwae@ 17-2-99 &ufae@ eHeufwiG f &&u OuUÏ atmifjrifh tdro f @kd xyfraH c:aqmif+yD;
+crd ;f ajcmufygonf? tcsed u f m; eHeuf 9;00 em&Dcef@jzpfonf? Tod@k jzif@ rdr. df p&dwEf iS @f ykyg` ;&Jpef;od@k
oGm;&ef trde@f ay;cJjh yefygonf? '%faiGaqmifa=u; !‡Ed i_d ;f r&I ae@cif; 11;30 em&DrmS ykyg` ;od@k
ajcvsio f mG ;&ygonf? (ykyg` ;ESihf ajrmufawm aus;&Gm. tuGmta0;rSm 3 rkid cf cJG ef@jzpfygonf?)
Tok@d oGm;a&mufaomolrsm;rSm 35 OD;teuf 25 OD;omv#if oGm;a&mufyg onf? usef 10 OD;rSm
ol}uD;rS cGiðhf yaomolrsm;jzpfygonf? ‚if;wd@k rmS &&u tzGŒJ 0if (1) OD;ode;f atmif (2) OD;ode;f atmif
.om;oruf armif0if; (3) OD;wifvi_d /f a': =uifvi_d f ponf ponfrsm;jzpfonf? ykyg` ;od@k oGm;a&muf
olrsm;rSm pm;0wfaea&; rajyvnfaom rkq;kd r/ aps;onf/ uav; rdcif/ zcifrsm;omjzpfonf?
Tod@k ykym` ;ok@d ajcvsio f mG ;=u&mwGif rkq;kd rtzGm;tdk a':r,fom onf touf (65)
ESpcf ef@&+dS yD;I tpma&pmcsKd ŒwJah eum vrf;ckvwfwiG f tcsKyfc&H rnfupkd ;kd &drx f wd v f ef@Ia=umifh
159
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

vnf;aumif;/ tpm;tpmqmavmifrw G o
f yd I
f vnf;aumif; rl;arhI vJaS vsmif;oGm;ygawmhonf?
xdtk cg armifapmaX;/ a':pef;=unf/ a':=unf&iS /f a':ao;cifw@kd rS ulnaD z;rI toufjyefvnf
&Sicf yhJ gonf? ‚if;aemuf rkq;kd r a':wif=unfrmS vnf; ol.cifyeG ;f ukd owd&+y;D cifyeG ;f r&Sv d @kd 'Dvjkd zpf
&onf[I l id&k if;id&k if; wufomG ;onfrmS oH;k }urd w f ikd w
f ikd f jzpfygonf? (ae&mrSmum;/ ykyg` ;vGiaf us;
&GmrSmjzpfygonf?) Tod‹k jzifh ykyg` ;&Jpcef;od@k a&muf&=dS uygonf? nae 3;00 em&Dxd tcsKyfxo J @dk
roGi;f bJ tpma&pmiwfjywfpmG jzifh &Jpcef;0ef;xJwiG af ecJ=h u&ygonf? xdt k csed w
f iG f &&u OuUÏ
jzpfol atmifjrifo h nf ykyg` ;od@k vukd rf vmbJ &GmrSmwifaecJyh gonf? e,fxed ;f &m!Ge@f rmS ykyg` ;wGi&f adS eyg
onf? xdt k cg &Jpcef; pma&;}uD;jzpfou l &Gmvl}uD;ac:cJyh g/ tm;vH;k jyefvw $ yf grnf[ak jymygonf?
&Gmvl}uD;udk &Gmod@k jyefac:&ygonf? &Gmvl}uD;rSm ajcvsirf vdu k Ef ikd yf g[q k ukd m C§2121 um;/ 3
wef,mOf (owner) OD;aomif;jrifhum;udk toGm;tjyef2600d usyfjzifh iSm;&rf;cJhygonf?
um;ctwGuf wa,mufukd 50d usyf tjyif 200d usypf aD umufccH yhJ gonf[k =um;od&ygonf?
aumufco H rl mS OD;ayG;jzpf+yD;/ aiGrsm;udk aemufq;kH OuUÏ vufxo J @kd tyfE&HS ygonf? wa,muf
200d usyEf e_ ;f rSm 29 OD;pm[k od&&dS ygonf? ‚if;aiGrsm;onf r&Sq d if;&Jom;/ rkq;kd raiGrsm;omv#if
jzpfygonf? xdak iGrsm;udt k &,lI tm%mudt k =umif;ðyum jynfov l xl tk ay: Tod‹k qufqðH yrl
aeygonf?
Tok@d txufygta=umif;t&mrsm;ESihf ywfoufI wifjytyfonfrmS u|eaf wmfw@dk r&Sd
qif;&Jom; jynfov l x l wk @dk .b0onf b,fvcdk pH m;tyfygrnfenf;// J J (qk;H )

4? tm%mykid rf sm;.vky&f yfrsm;rSm jynfovl xl uk dk rw&m;/ twif;t"rR ðyusi+hf yD; =urf;

ñuwfpmG qufqaH ejcif;jzpfonf/ ‚if;jyif jynfoŒl qENq+dk y;D qENqo dk nfh pum;vk;H rsm;ukd tvGo J ;Hk pm;
ðyvkyaf eonf/ qENqo dk nfrmS um,uH&iS w f OD;u tjcm;rnfow l OD;ur# wku d wf eG ;f jcif;r&Sb
d J rdr. d
oabmqENt& vkyaf qmifjcif;rnfonf? ,cktcgrmS tm%mykid rf sm;u twif;t"rR vmapckid ;f /
+crd ;f ajcmufI vmapckid ;f / rvma&mufonfh jynfov l xl uk dk trsKd ;rsKd ; ESyd pf uf!OS ;f yef;I '%faiG±u dk f
onftxd tajctaeqk;d ESihf awGΗuHae&onf?

5? txufwiG af z: jycJo
h nfh tm%mykifd w
f @dk .vky&f yfrsm;uk±d w
_ cf sI/ av;eufjyif;xefpmG
uef@uu
G v
f u
dk o
f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f wefc;l vjynfah usmf (7) &uf?
1999 ckESpf/ {jyDv (7) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,l jzef‹cso
d nf?)

160
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 20 (4§99)
Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpD OuUXxHoŒkd 7 / 4 / 99 &ufpjJG zifah y;ydŒk onfh
pmyg ta-umif;t&mrsm;udk odom&ef xkwjf yefvu kd o
f nf?

(p) ta=umif;t&m? ? ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / jrif;rlòrŒd e,frS trsKd ;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKy.
f jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (2)OD;tay: tm%mydik rf sm;. vkyaf qmif
r_rsm;?

1? ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / jrif;rlòrŒd e,frS atmufygjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (2) OD;onf ouf
qdik &f mrJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l u k / vH;k 0tm;ay;I wcJeufaxmufc+H yD; 27-5-90 &ufae@uusi;f y
ay;cJo h nfh a&$;aumufyw JG iG f qENraJ y;cJo
h nfa=umifh trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHxm;&ygonf?

OD;bmbm - cdik vf rkH J (16477)&&SI

d rJ&mE_e;f (73²08)jzifh rJqENe,ftrSw(f 1)rS a&G;aumuf
wifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onf?
OD;wifaiG - cdik v
f rkH J (16151)&&SI
d rJ&mE_e;f (72²11)jzifh rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)rS a&G;aumuf
wifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onf?

2? txufyg oufqikd &f mjynfov l x

l . k *k%o
f a&&Sd ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; 6-9-98 &ufae@
rSpI tm%mydik rf sm;u ta=umif;rJ/h Oya'rJ/h xde;f odr;f / zrf;qD;/ csKyfaESmifxm;cJyh gonf? zrf;qD;csKyf
aESmifjcif;udk aqG;aEG;onf[k vdrv f nfa=unmcJyh gonf? ,ckrl (7) vcef@&+dS yjD zpfygonf? vH;k 0O\Hk
rw&m;onfh vky&f yfjzpfygonf? wu,faqG;aEG;onfqykd gv#if Tr# tcsed u f mvr=umoifyh g?
wrifoufouf !‡O;f yrf;ESyd pf ufxm;jcif;jzpfygonf? ‚if;jyif jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,}f uD;
(2) OD;tm; zrf;qD;csKyaf ESmifxm;onfah e&mrSm tvGen f zhH si;f onfh taqmuftOD;wckjzpfonft h jyif
trd;k rSm oGyrf ;kd jzpfonfa=umifh tvGeyf o
l nfah 'owGi/f tylveG u f aJ eonf[=k um;od&ygonf? xdn k hH
zsi;f aom taqmuftOD;onf jrif;rlòrdŒESihf tvSr;f uGma0;onfjzpfygonf?

161
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

3? yk*Kd~ v}f u;D (2)OD;tm; tm%mydik rf sm;u zrf;qD;csKyaf ESmifxm;onfa=umifh vlvcl si;f pmem
axmufxm;onft h aejzifh aexdik af &;/ pm;aomufa&;/ use;f rma&;qdik &f m tp&So d nfh vlwOD;w
a,muf. ae@pOfvt kd yfcsurf sm;twGuf tm%mydik rf sm;. vH;k 0wm0efjzpfygonf? =um;od&onfh
owif;rsm;t& ‚if;yk*K~d vf}u;D (2) OD;wd@k onf rdom;pkrsm;u ay;yd@k onfh pm;aomuf&efw@kd ukd rdrb d m
om csuðf ywfpm;aomufae&ygonf? ‚if;wd@k twGuf apmif=h unfah eaom tm%mydik t f zGŒJ rsm;.
cdik ;f apjcif;cHae&onfo h rl sm;udk yk*Kd~ vf}u;D rsm;u vl}u;D odumQ ESit
hf nD apwemxm;I cGaJ 0au|;ae
&onf[k =um;od&ygonf?

4? txufygazmfjyyg ta=umif;t&mrsm;onf vH;k 0ray:oif/h ray:xdu k xf ukd o f nfrsm;jzpfyg

onf? jynfov l x
l .k ud, k pf m;vS,}f uD;rsm;udk Tod@k qufqðH yrljcif; rðyoifyh g? vkyaf qmifonfh
yk*Kd~ vrf sm;twGuf odumQ usvyS gonf? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af wmf}u;D rsm;udk qufqðH yr_
rSm rw&m;usveG ;f vSygonf? ‚if;wd@k EiS hf tjcm;rw&m;/ Oya'rJ/h wrifoufouf zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif
xm;onfh trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf jynfe,f§wdik ;f /
òrdŒe,f/ aus;&Gmrsm;rS pnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;udk rnfonfu h ef@owfcsurf sm;r&Sad pbJ/ c|i;f csurf &Sd
tjrefq;kH jyefvnfvw $ af y;yg&ef tav;teufawmif;qdv k u kd yf gonf?” (qH;k )

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f wefc;l vjynfah usmf (8) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f {_yDv (8) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu wm0ef,jl zefŒcso
d nf?)
162
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).
a-unmcsuftrSwf 21 (4 § 99)
Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpD OuUÏ xHo@kd 8-4-99 &ufpjJG zifh ay;yd@k
onfh pmyg ta=umif;t&mrsm;udk odom&ef xkwjf yefvu dk of nf//
(p) “ta=umif;t&m? ? &Sr;f jynfajrmufyikd ;f / vm;±_;d òrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS
jynfov l xl u k a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufxm;onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;oef;aX;tm;
ta=umif;rJ/h Oya'rJ/h rw&m; zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;jcif;?
1? OD;oef;aX;onf oufqidk &f mjynfov l x
l uk ‚if;wk@d .oabmqENt& 1990 jynfEh pS f ygwpD Hk
'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;y&mwGif axmufcHI qENrJay;um trsdK;om;'Drdku
a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f OD;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufjcif;cHxm;&onfh
*k%o f a&&Sd yk*Kd~ vf}uD;jzpfygonf? ‚if;onf &Sr;f jynfajrmufyikd ;f / vm;±_;d òrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)
rSjzpfygonf?
2? OD;oef;aX;onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w
f OD;jzpfygv#u/f A[dw
k &m;±k;H a&S@aewOD;
jzpfygv#u/f tm%mydik rf sm;u ta=umif;rJ/h rw&m; zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;cJo h nfrmS 1998 ckEpS /f
pufwifbmvrSpI ,ae@widk f jzpfygonf? ‚if;tm; vm;±d;_ &Jpcef;wGif zrf;csKyfxm;vdu k /f tusO;f
axmifY ajymif;a&$ŒI zrf;csKyfxm;vku d Ef iS hf ,cktcg &Jpcef;xuf/ tusO;f axmifw@kd xuf ydrk q kd ;kd
0g;aom rD;r&So d nfah e&mwckwiG f zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxed ;f odr;f xm;onf[k owif;=um;od&ygonf?
‚if;jyif vlwOD;wa,muf. ae@pOfvt dk yfcsurf sm;jzpfaom pm;aomufaexkid af &;/ aq;0g;rS0D pJ m;
aomufjcif; tp&So d nfw@dk ukd vk;H 0r&&Sb d jJ zpfaeonf[k =um;od&ygonf? tpm;taomufuv kd nf;
aumif;rGepf mG rau|;arG;[k od&onf//
3? jynfovl x
l .
k *k%o
f a&&So
d nfh jynfo@l vw
$ af wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,/f A[dw
k &m;±k;H a&SŒae
}uD;jzpfolwOD;udk oufqdkif&mtm%mydkifrsm;.ðyrlcsufrsm;rSm vlvlcsif;qufqHr_ vkH;0O\kH
r&Sjd zpfaeygonf?

4? rnfonft h jypfurkd # pd;k pOf;r#usL;vGejf cif;r&So d nfh *k%o f a&&Sd vl}u;D rif;tay: txufuhJ
od‹k qufqx H m;r_ukd vk;H 0 &yfpaJ pyg&ef txl; av;eufpmG awmif;qkv d u
kd yf gonf? qufqrH n
_ zhH si;f vS
onfa=umifh OD;oef;aX;. touftE &W m,fux kd cd u
kd yf gu Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;
a&;aumifpED iS hf a'ocHtm%mydik t f zGŒJ rsm;. vk;H 0wm0efjzpfrnfjzpfa=umif;udk ta=umif;=um;
tyfygonf// (qk;H )
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f wefc;l vjynfah usmf (12) &uf//
1999 ckESpf/ {jyDv (12) &uf//

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)
163
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 22 (4§99)

1? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfonf w&m;0ifrw S yf w kH ifxm;onfh w&m;0if trsKd ;om;Ekid if H

a&;udprP sm;udk jynf0h pGmaqmif&u G yf ikd cf iG &hf adS om Ekid if aH &;ygww D ckjzpfonf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f arvY
usi;f ycJah om ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy[ JG q k akd oma&G;aumufyw JG iG f tjcm;w&m;0if
Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESit hf wl 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydif ta&G;cHco hJ nf? tqdyk ga&G;aumufyw JG iG f tzGŒJ csKyfu
owfrw S af y;vdu k o
f nfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm; 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid f ta&G;cs,cf cH hJ
&mwGif a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGt
J oD;oD;u/ xdyk *k Kd~ v}f u;D rsm;. 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid f ta&G;cs,cf rH _
udk w&m;0ifvufccH o hJ nf? TonfrmS xdu k , dk pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;onf Oya'pnf;urf;ESit hf nD
w&m;0ifonfyh *k Kd~ vf}uD;rsm;jzpf=ua=umif; xif&mS ;onf?

2? xdyk *k Kd~ vf}uD;rsm;xJwiG f &efuek w f ikd ;f / oH;k cGòrd@e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) . jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfaom OD;vGiv f nf; tygt0ifjzpfonf? OD;vGio f nf rJqEN&iS f jynfov l x
l }k u;D
. vGwfvyfaomoabmqENt& wcJeufqENrJay;a&G;cs,fjcif;cH&+yD;/ cdkifvHkrJ (18189) ESifh
rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (68²11) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f &&So
d nf? OD;vGio f nf w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpf
a=umif; oufqikd &f mtm%mydik w f @kd u Ekid if aH wmfjyefwrf;wGif w&m;0ifxnfo h iG ;f a=unmxm;+yD;
jzpfonf?

3? od‹k ygvsuf Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf wkH ifjcif; Oya'ESihf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'
jyÏmef;csurf sm;udk qef@usiu f m (2-4-99) &ufae@u OD;vGit f m; t,Ht k =unfr&S/d vH;k 0raxmufcH
awmha=umif;ESihf oufqikd &f mjynfov l xl uk kd tm%mydik rf sm;u twif;t"rR w&m;rJ+h crd ;f ajcmufI
atmf[pfapcJo h nf?

4? od@k aomf rw&m;qENazmfxw k yf .JG tjzpfreS rf mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf? OD;vGit f m;

raxmufcaH wmha=umif; rw&m; qENxw k af zmfyqJG o
kd nfukd {+yv
D (2) &ufae@ eHeufyikd ;f wGif ðyvkyEf idk f
&eftwGuf pyg;'dik rf ;ª rsm;ESihf aemufygtcsKd Œudk aus;&Gmrsm;ok@d qif;I wtdrwf a,muf rvmrae&
164
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

[k tm%mydkifrsm;. xHk;pHr[kwf rw&m;vkyfaqmif=uonf? twif;t"rR+cdrf;ajcmufonfh

enf;jzifah c: cdik ;f onf[k od&onf? &Gmol&mG om;rsm;u OD;vGio f nf rdrw d @kd u,kd w
f ikd f vGwv f yfaom
oabmqENt&/ rJay;xm;aom w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfa=umif;/ trSerf mS
ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyOJG ya't&vnf;aumif;/ urBmEh idk if t H oD;oD;. a&G;aumufyJG
Oya'rsm;t&aomfvnf;auif;/ tEkid &f aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk Ekid if aH wmf
pDrcH ef@caJG &;tm%m ay;tyf&rSmjzpfa=umif;/ ,ckjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m; vS,rf sm;ukd rnfonfh
Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;udprP sm;udrk # ðyvkyaf qmif&u G cf iG rhf ay;bJ/ t"rR acsre_ ;f a&;udo k m vkyaf e
a=umif;/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ud/k wdik ;f jynfaumif;usKd ; raqmif&u G of rl sm;[k rnf
onft h a=umif;a=umifrh # rpGypf EJG idk af =umif;/ rarG;zGm;ao;aomuav;udk touf}uD;ae+yD[k ajym
ovdjk zpfaea=umif;/ rnfo@kd r# obm0,kwrdW usa=umif;/ rw&m;a=umif; jyefvnfajymqd=k uojzif/h
vma&muft=uyfuikd o f rl sm;ESihf tcst D cs rausrvnfjzpf=uonf[k od&&dS onf?

5? xdo
k @dk &Gmol&mG om;rsm;u tvkyt f udik t
f ysucf +H yD; rw&m;onfq h ENazmfxw
k yf o
JG @kd
roGm;=u&ef tcsi;f csi;f ajymqdo k abmwlxm;=ua=umif;/ cdik ;f apoltm%mydik rf sm; tuJcyfr=d u
ojzifh apwem[laomaq;cef;zGiphf m;aomfvnf; vkyif ef;ratmifjrifaom òrdŒe,f }uH§h zGŒH toif;
twGi;f a&;rª; a'guw f mjrifo h ed ;f qdok u
l OD;pD;OD;aqmifðyI oH;k cGòrdŒay:ESihf teD;tem;rS wpn qdk
onfh ygw0D ifrsm;/ }uH§h zGŒH qdo k nft h oif;0ifrsm;udk pk±;kH ac:,l&mvl (3000) cef@ a&muf&v dS m+yD;
eHeuf 5;30 em&DrS 6;30 em&DwiG f tusO;f csKH ;I +yD;ajrmufatmif [efjyvkyaf qmif=u&onf[k od
&S&d onf? tcsKd ŒrSm rsuEf mS jy+yD; jyef=uI/ tcsKd ŒrSm r+yD;cif xjyef=uonf[v k nf; owif;&&So d nf?

6? Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif; Oya'ESihf jynfo@l vw$ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' jyÏmef;
csurf sm;udq k ef@usiv f #uf OD;vGit f m; (2-4-99) &ufae@u raxmufcaH wmha=umif; tm%mydik f
rsm;u cdik ;f aponft h wdik ;f vkyaf qmifcahJ om w&m;Oya'rJ/h rw&m;vdrn f mvkyaf qmifrw _ iG f ,kwf
&if;=urf;wrf;pGmajymqdk+yD; yl;aygif;}uHpnfaqmif&GufcJh=uolrsm;xJwGif wpnygwD0iftcsdKŒESifh
}uH§h zGŒH toif;0iftcsKd Œvnf; yg0ifa=umif; od&&dS onf? od@k twGuaf =umifh atmufwiG af zmfjyxm;
olrsm;onf w&m;Oya'rsm;ESihf +idpeG ;f xm;olrsm;/ w&m;Oya'abmifukd usL;ausmaf eolrsm;jzpf
a=umif; odapvdu k of nf?
(u) cdik ;f apol oufqikd &f mtm%mydik t f zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;rSorl sm;?
(c) obmywdqdkolrsm;/ oHk;cGòrdŒtrSwf (2) &yfuGufrS ukefoG,f/ v,f,m'dkifrª;
(t+ird ;f pm;) OD;aomif;a&$ qdo k /l or0g,r OD;pD;Xmerª; (t+ird ;f pm;) OD;ausmrf if;qdo k /l
trSwf (1) &yfuu G rf S rlvwef;ausmif;tkyq f &m}u;D (t+ird ;f pm;) OD;ausm+f ird ;f qdok ?l
rSwcf suf ? ? xdo k rl sm;rSm wpn ygwD0ifrsm;jzpf_yD; ukeo f ,G vf ,f,m 'dik rf ;ª (t_idr;f pm;)
OD;aomif;a&$ qdo k rl mS wpnygwD0if trmcHjzpfa-umif; owif;ydŒk csut f & od&onf?
165
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

(*) tcrf;tem;rª; qdo k rl sm;/ óuH}udwaf us;&GmrSm a':oif;oif;EG,f qdo

k /l trSwf (1)
&yfuu G rf S a': jzLjzLcdik f qdo k ?l
rSwcf suf ? ? ,if;wdŒk ESpOf ;D rSm }uHŒzGŒH toif;0ifrsm; jzpf-uonf[o
k &d onf?

(C) qENazmfxw k w f ifjyonfqo kd /l óuH}udwaf us;&GmrS v,form;}uD; OD;cifaqG qdo k ?l

rSwcf suf ? ? owif;ydŒk csut f & OD;cifaqGqo kd rl mS wpnygwDtrmcH/ v,form;trnfcH
jzpfonf[k od&&dS onf?
(i) qENðyvufrw S af &;xd;k rSww
f rf;qdo k nfukd ay;tyfonfqo kd rl sm; trSw(f 1)&yfuuG rf S
v,form;}uD; OD;armifarmif qdo k /l py`g,af csmif;aus;&GmrS v,form;}uD; OD;baX;
qdok ?l
(p) rSww f rf;qdok nfukd vufco H nfqo kd l oH;k cGòrd@e,f ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;
aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if òrdŒe,fw&m;ol}uD; OD;vSw;kd qdo k ?l

7? tvm;wl ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / 0ufvufòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,f trSwf (1) rS OD;xGe;f òrid o f nf rJqEN&iS f
jynfov l x l u
k vGwv f yfpmG ‚if;wd@k . qENt&/ qENraJ y;cJI h jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf
a&G;cs,cf &hJ m cdik v f rkH J (23986) &&Scd +hJ yD; &mcdik Ef e_ ;f tm;jzifh (63²36) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f jzifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,w f OD;jzpfa=umif; w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf?
8? xdo
k @kd w&m;0ifa=unmxm;ygvsuf Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif; Oya'ESihf jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'jyÏmef;csuyf gtcsurf sm;udck sKd ;azmufum tm%mydik q f o
kd rl sm;u
rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l u k kd t"rR+crd ;f ajcmufp±k ;kH apvsuf OD;xGe;f òrid t f m; vH;k 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;
qdok nfh ±_wcf syu JG kd (25-2-99) &ufae@wiG f tif=uif;yif&mG tv,fwef;ausmif;Y vnf;aumif;/
rkq;dk òc'H ikd ef ,f/ rkq;kd òcH aus;&GmYvnf;aumif;/ ayguu f 'H ikd ef ,f ayguu
f aH us;&GmYvnf;aumif; wòyid f
eufwnf; ðyvkyaf pcJo h nf?

9? Tod@k rw&m;qENazmfxw k yf uJG si;f yEkid af &;twGu/f 0ufvufòrdŒe,ftwGi;f &Sd wdu k ef ,f

aus;&Gmtkypf /k aus;&Gmrsm;wGif }uH§› zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;/ q,ftrd rf ;ª / &mtdrrf ;ª rsm;ESihf &&u tzGŒJ 0if
rsm;onf tdraf xmifp0k ifpm&if;aumuf,o l a,mifvn S zhf sm;+yD; (18) ESpjf ynf+h yD;olrsm; pm&if;
rsm;udak umuf,u l m tdraf xmifO;D pD; (od@k ) rdom;pk0ifw@kd tm; OD;xGe;f òrdiu f kd jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,t f jzpf raxmufcaH wmha=umif; twif;vufrw S af &;xd;k apcdik ;f =uonf? vufrw S f
ra&;xd;k ygu v,fajrodr;f rnf/ tzrf;cH&rnf/ '%faiGtwyfc=H u&rnf[k +crd ;f ajcmufonf[k =um;
od&onf?

10? xdk (25-2-99) &ufae@wiG f rkq;kd òcH&mG tv,fwef;ausmif;0if;twGi;f wGif usi;f yonfh
tpnf;ta0;wGif OD;xGe;f òrid t
f m; ±_wcf sonfh OD;xGe;f òrid .
f ±kyyf u
kH m;csyf pmom;rsm;ygonfh ydpk wm
rsm;udkudkifaqmif+yD; tm%mudkifwdk@uapcdkif;onfhtwdkif;ðyvkyf&onfh ,if;t"rRyGJudk ADG'D,dk
±du
k u
f ;l rSww
f rf;wifonf[k od&onf? tvm;wl &Srd ;f rum;wdu k ef ,f ayguu
f 'H ikd ef ,fwiG v
f nf;
166
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

usi;f yðyvkyo
f nf[k od&onf? tqdyk g w&m;rJv h yk &f yfukd atmufygw@kd onf yl;aygi;f }upH nfco
hJ nfh
twGuf w&m;Oya'csKd ;azmuf+idpeG ;f aeolrsm;jzpfonf?

(u) apcdik ;f aom oufqikd &f m tm%mydik t f zGŒJ tpnf;rSorl sm;?

(c) rkq;kd òcHwu kd ef ,frS
- obmywdrsm; qdo k rl sm; - rkq;kd òcH&mG rS OD;pHqo kd /l OD;ay:qdo k /l trnfrod wOD;/
- tcrf;tem;rª; qdo k rl sm; - rcifw;kd 0if; qdo k l (wHvif;aus;&Gm)/ rwifq h o kd l (,if;rm
uefaus;&Gm) ?
- qENazmfxw k w f ifjyonfqo kd l - rkq;kd òcH&mG rS OD;ay:qdo k l (pdu k yf sKd ;a&;/ t+idr;f pm;)?
- qENðyvufrSwfa&;xdk;rSwfwrf;qdkonfudk ay;tyfonfqdkol/ rkqdk;òcHaus;&Gm
awmifol OD;jrifah 0 qdo k ?l
- rSww f rf;qdo k nfukd vufco H nfqo kd l - 0ufvufòrdŒe,f/ ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxG
axGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ 0if òrŒd e,fvufaxmufynma&;rª; OD;jr
ode;f qdo k ?l
(*) tif=uif;yifwu kd ef ,frS
- obmywd qdo k rl sm; tif=uif;yif aus;&GmrS OD;cspaf qmif qdo k /l yvdik u f aH us;&GmrS
OD;atmif=unf qdo k /l rif;&Gmaus;&GmrS OD;^m%fwifqo kd l (obmywd vkycf tjzpf
pDveG v f ckH snf wxnfpD &onf[k od&onf?)
- tcrf;tem;rª; qdo k rl sm; - a':wifwifE, G f qdo k /l a':rmrm0if; qdo k l (trnfa=u
nmaomtcg a':wifwifE, G f udk a':oif;oif;aqG [kvnf;aumif;/ a':rmrm0if;
udk a':armfarmf0if; [kvnf;aumif; trnfvrd I f a=unmoGm;onf[k od&onf?)
- qENazmfxw k w f ifjyonfqo kd l - tif=uif;yifaus;&Gm awmifol OD;ausm0f if; qdo k ?l
- qENðyvufrw S af &;xd;k rSww f rf;qdo k nfukd ay;tyfonfqo kd l - tif=uif;yifaus;
&Gm awmifol OD;ausmv f if; qdo k ?l
- rSww f rf;qdo k nfukd vufco H nfqo kd l - 0ufvufòrŒd e,f ygwpD 'kH rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxG
a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ 0if OD;xGe;f cif qdo k ?l
(C) ayguu f w H u kd ef ,frS
- obmywdqo kd rl sm; - OD;cifqo kd l (anmifyif}uD;awm)/ OD;qdik q f o kd l (ayguu f &H mG )
OD;cspo f ef;qdo k ?l
- tcrf;tem;rª; qdo k rl sm; - a':wifwifaX; qdo k El iS hf trnfrod trsKd ;orD;wOD;?
- qENazmfxw k f wifjyonfqo kd l - ayguu f aH us;&GmrS awmifol OD;ode;f OD; qdo k ?l
- qENðyvufrw S af &;xd;k rSww f rf;qdo k nfukd ay;tyfonfqo kd l - ayguu f aH us;&GmrS
awmifoOl ;D qdik q f o kd ?l
- rSww f rf;qdo k nfukd vufco H nfqo kd l - 0ufvufòrŒd e,f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxG
a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ 0if OD;ausmw f ;kd qdo k ?l

167
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

11? w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,

kd pf m;vS,f OD;xGe;f òrid t
f m; vH;k 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;/
tif=uif;yifwdkufe,fYusif;yaom t"rRvkyf}uHyGJ.tjzpfrSefrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfa=umif;
owif;&&So
d nf?

12? Tw&m;rJv h yk &f yfukd OD;aqmifvyk u

f ikd o
f rl sm;rSm OD;wifjrifh qdo k l (a&$b)kd / OD;armifarmif
qdo k l (}u§hH zGŒH toif; twGi;f a&;rª; - 0ufvuf) ESihf &Jpcef;rª; OD;atmifausmOf ;D qdo k l (0ufvufòrŒd
&Jpcef;) wd@k jzpfonf[k owif;=um;od&onf? xdo k rl sm;rSm w&m;rJv h yk &f yfukd OD;aqmifonf/h
w&m;Oya' csKd ;azmuf+ipd eG ;f aeolrsm;jzpfa=umif; odapvdu k o f nf? qENazmfxw k yf q
JG okd nfyh JG usi;f y
csed rf mS rdEpS f (20) cef@r#om =umonf[o k &d onf? vma&mufaomol OD;a&rSm vl}u;D (600) cef@EiS hf
aqmhupm;&if; ygvmonfu h av; (200) cef@ &Sod nf[q k o kd nf? a&muf&v dS maom vlxt k aejzifh
‚if;wd@k tm; rvdrw hf ywfvyk I f ac:vma=umif; odaomtcg/ tvGeaf tmufwef;usonfh vky&f yf[k
ajymqd=k u+yD;/ axmifxm;aomqdik ;f bkwrf sm;udk ajrjyifo@kd vcJS sypfjcif;/ aZmufx;kd udik x f m;jcif;/
qdik ;f bkwrf sm;. pmom;a&;xm;aombufukd rdrw d @kd .Aduk rf sm;ESiu
hf yfxm;jcif;/ AG'D , D ±kd udk ,
f al e
onfukd avSmifajymifjcif;rsm; ðyvky=f uonf[k od&&dS onf?

13? tjcm;wdu
k ef ,frsm;wGiv
f nf; tvm;wlyif/ [efaqmifr#omusi;f yEdik af =umif; od&&dS
onf?

14? xd@k twl rGejf ynfe,f/ acsmif;qHòk rdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS rJqEN&iS f jynfov l x
l uk
‚if;wd@k . vGwv f yfaomoabmqENt&/ wcJeufaxmufcrH aJ y;I a':cifaX;ºuG,t f m;/ ‚if;wd@k
rJqENe,f. jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;cs,w f ifajrm‡ ufc=hJ uonf? a':cifaX;ºu, G f
onf cdik vf rkH J (18307) rJ&&S+d yD; rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (80²44) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f &&Su
d m w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmf
udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif;udk oufqdkif&mtm%mydkifwdk@u EdkifiHawmfjyefwrf;wGifxnfhoGif;I
w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD; jzpfonf?

15? od@k ygvsuf Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif; Oya'ESihf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'
jyÏmef;csurf sm;udk rsuu f , G ðf yqef@usi+f y;D tm%mydik rf sm;u/ oufqikd &f m rJqEN&iS f jynfov
l x l u
k kd
t=uyfudkif+cdrf;ajcmuf+yD; (24-2-99) &ufae@wGif w&m;0ifjynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
a':cifaX;ºuG,t f m; t,Ht k =unfr&S/d vH;k 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif; vlp±k ;kH apum/ atmf[pfapcJh
onf?

168
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

16? tqdyk g rw&m;aomvky&f yfukd yl;aygi;f }upH nfvyk af qmif=uojzif/h w&m;Oya'abmifukd

usL;ausmI
f / w&m; Oya'rsm;ESihf +idpeG ;f tjypf&x dS m;olrsm;rSm atmufygw@kd jzpf=uonf?
(u) cdik ;f apol oufqikd &f m tm%mydik t f zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;rS olrsm; ?
(c) acsmif;qHòk rdŒrS
- obmywdqo kd rl sm; - trnfrod&ao;?
- tcrf;tem;rª;qdo k rl sm; - trnfrod&ao;?
- qENazmfxw k f wifjyonfqo kd l - c±dw k o f pf aus;&GmrS a':EG,Ef , G f qdo k ?l
- qENðyvufrw S af &;xd;k rSww f rf;qdo k nfukd ay;tyfonfqo kd l - v,form;}uD;
OD;}uD;a&$ qdo k ?l
- rSww f rf;qdo k nfukd vufco H nfqo kd l - acsmif;qHòk rdŒe,f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxG
axGa&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if OD;wifah Zmf qdo k ?l
(*) rk&pfuav; wdu k ef ,frS
- obmywdqo kd rl sm; - trnfrod&ao;?
- tcrf;tem;rª;qdo k rl sm; - trnfrod&ao;?
- qENazmfxw k f wifjyonfqo kd l - urmau;aus;&GmrS a':wifrm&D qdo k ?l
- qENðy vufrw S af &;xd;k rSww f rf;qdo k nfukd ay;tyfonfqo kd l - pufjyifq&m
OD;atmifjrifh qdo k ?l
- rSww f rf;wifonfukd vufco H nfqo kd l - acsmif;qHòk rŒd e,f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxG
axGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if OD;wifaxG; qdo k ?l

17? &&Sx
d m;onfo h wif;tpD&ifccH surf sm;t& aumrª;òrd@e,f rJqENe,f. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu,kd pf m;vS,f OD;baqGtm;vnf;/ {+yv D twGi;f t,Ht k =unfr&Sd vH;k 0raxmufcaH wmh
a=umif; rw&m;qENazmfxw k yf JG ðyvky&f ef tm%mydik rf sm;upDpOfae+yD[k od&o
dS nf?

18? OD;baqGonf aumhr;ª òrdŒe,f rJqEN&iS f jynfov l x

l . k vGwv f yfaomoabmqENt&/
wcJeufqENraJ y;I a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufcx H m;&aom w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f
wOD;jzpfonf? OD;baqGonf cdik v f rkH J (24615) rJ&&S+d yD; rJ&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (54²85) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f jzifh jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t
f jzpf w&m;0ifa&G;cs,cf &H a=umif;/ oufqikd &f m tm%mydik t f zGŒJ tpnf;
u Ekid if aH wmfjyefwrf;wGif w&m;0ifa=unmxm;cJ+h yD;jzpfonf?

19? ,cktcg oufqikd &f maxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ òrdŒe,ftm%mydik t f zGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ òrdŒ
e,f}uH§› zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;/ wpn ygw0D ifrsm;yl;aygi;f vsuf OD;baqGtm; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd f
pm;vS,t f jzpf raxmufcaH wmha=umif;/ t"rRvyk }f uHyjJG zpfajrmuf&ef vlopl ±k ;kH Ekid af &; }udw}f uHae
onf[k owif;&&So d nf?

169
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
20? t"duaqmif&u G af eorsm;rSm }u§Hh zG@H toif;twGi;f a&;rª; OD;jrifóh uid f qdo
k /l wpn OuUÏ
OD;tke;f aomif qdo
k /l wd&p>mefaq;ukq&m0ef OD;wif=unf qdo k rl sm;ESihf òrdŒe,fw&m;ol}uD;tzGŒJ
0ifrsm;jzpfonf[k od&&dS onf?

21? }u§›H zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;ESihf aus;&Gmtm%mydik t f zGŒJ 0ifrsm;u/ aus;&Gmrsm;wGif wtdrw f uf

qif;vdu
k vf I H tdraf xmifppk m&if;awmif;um/ vufrw S af &;xd;k cdik ;f aeonf[k od&onf? od@k aomf
rnfonfu h pd tP wGuf vufrw S x
f ;kd cdik ;f onf[k ajAmifrajym&Jb/J [dv k v kd kd onfvv
kd kd vdrn
f majymqd+k y;D
vufrwS af &;xd;k cdik ;f aeonf[k od&&dS onf?

22? Trw&m;vky}f uyH u

JG kd aumrª;òrŒd e,f/ tazsmufaus;&Gm abmvH;k uGi;f wGif ðyvky&f ef pDpOf
aeonf[k owif;=um;&onf?
23? Trw&m;vky&f yfuðkd yvky&f ef cdik ;f apolrsm;ESihf t"duyl;aygi;f yg0if }uHpnfvyk af qmifol
rsm;onf w&m;Oya'abmifuu kd sL;ausm+f y;D / w&m;Oya'rsm;ESif +ipd eG ;f olrsm;jzpfvmrnfjzpfa=umif;
odapvdu
k o
f nf?

24? pifppftm;jzifh wdik ;f jynftm; wygwpD pftm%m&Sipf epfq;dk atmufrS ppfreS af om'Dru kd
a&pDEiS hf vlŒtcGit hf a&;rsm;udk av;pm;wefz;kd xm;onfh Ekid if t H jzpf ajymif;vJ&mwGif trSew f u,f
vdtk yfcsujf zpfaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,}f u;D rsm;udv
k nf;aumif;/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzG@J csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm;udv k nf;aumif;/ txl;ojzifh trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD;/ wyfrawmf zcif
}u;D / vGwv f yfa&;Adou k m}u;D Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;. orD;/ EdAk ,f+ird ;f csr;f a&;qk&iS f a':atmifqef;pk
=unf udv k nf;aumif;/ Edik if aH wmfowif;pm/ a&'D,/kd ±kyjf rifo=H um;wGif r=um;0Hh remom/ txde;f rJ/h
tuGwrf /hJ rnfo. l aus;Zl;opPmudrk sS raxmufxm;/ =urf;wrf;,kw! f v
hH aS om toH;k tE_e;f rsm;jzifh
urBmŒtv,fwiG f &Supf &mjzpfavmufatmif r[kwrf w&m;aom yk*K~d vaf &;xd;k ESurf r_ sm;ud/k ae@n
rjywf a&;om;xkwv f iG hf jyoaer_rsm;onf jrefrmvlrsK;d wd@k . trsK;d om;a&;odumQ udk vH;k 0usqif;
,kwaf vsmah p,Hrk #ru jrefrmEdik if o H m;jzpf&onfrmS &Supf &mtjzpfrsK;d ok@d a&muf&adS e+yDjzpfonf?

25? ,ckwzef/ jynfoŒl vGwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,}f uD;rsm;tm; vH;k 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;
qENxw k af z:yGq J o
kd !h/f r[kwrf w&m;vky}f uaH om vdrn f myGrJ sm;udk vkyu f ikd v
f m=ujyefonf? rdrwd @kd
jyÏmef;xm;aomOya'udyk if rdrw d @kd av;pm;vdu k ef m&aumif;rSe;f rodb/J w&m;Oya'udk enf;rsK;d pHjk zifh
csK;d azmufusL;vGeaf p&ef avhusio hf if=um;ay;+yD; vufuikd w f wk rf sm;tjzpfarG;xm;aom obm
ywdqo kd rl sm;/ tcrf;tem;rª;qdo k rl sm;/ tqdw k ifoiG ;f onfqo kd rl sm;/ axmufcaH qG;aEG;onfqkd
olrsm;/ qENðy rSww f rf;tyfonfqo kd rl sm;/ rSww f rf;vufco H nfqo kd rl sm;tm; rw&m; qENxw k f
az:yGq J o kd nfrsm;udk vkycf ikd ;f ae=uonf? T rw&m;vky&f yfrsm;wGif vGepf mG rS oem;p&maumif;vS
onfrmS / aus;vufae awmifov l ,form; qif;&Jom; jynfov l x l yk ifjzpfonf? T rw&m; qEN
xkwaf z:yGrJ sm;od@k rwufrae& +crd ;f ajcmufI wufcikd ;f onf? rwufv#if tcsKyx f x
J !ho
f nf/ aiGa=u;
ay;&onf/ v,ford ;f rnf[k +cdr;f ajcmufonf/ tjypf&mS cH&onf/ zdEydS cf &H onf/ jynfov l x
l }k uD;.
170
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

b0rSm qkypf ;l pm;±l; [laom tajctaeyifjzpfonf? rnfo@kd yifqakd p jynfov l x l t

k aejzifh ‚if;wd@k
. vky&f yfrsm;udk rnfo@kd r# r,H=k unf/ raxmufcaH =umif; ESv;kH om;u ajymaeayonf? Tod@k
tm%m&Siw f pku ‚if;wd@k pdwx f ifwikd ;f aqmif&u G &f ef jynfov
l x
l t k ay: tEdik u f si/hf zdEydS !
f OS ;f yrf;
&ufpufI cdik ;f wdik ;f &rnfqvkd #i/f urBmo h rdik ;f Y txifu&jzpfco hJ !hf aus;ydik u
f |eyf ikd af cwfonf
vnf;aumif;/ oufO;D qHyikd af cwfonfvnf;aumif; ,ae@ (21) &mpkwiG f ay:xGe;f vmawmhr!fh
ynm vlŒtzGŒJ tpnf;od@k wikd f wd;k wufvmp&mta=umif;r&Sad cs? jynfov l x
l .
k opPmonf +rcJ ikd o f nf/
trSewf &m;onf tm;&So d nf? ESv;kH om;onf vdrn f mavhr&S?d tcsed of nf tr#wqH;k w&m;ol}u;D
jzpfonf?

26? jzpfpOfrmS &Si;f ygonf? jynfov l x

l uk ppftyk pf ak emufcw H ygwD tm%m&Sipf epfukd &GrH ek ;f I
“&Spaf v;vH;k ” 'Dru kd a&pDawmfveS af &;}u;D ay:vmonf? &[ef;&Siv f /l jynfo/l ausmif;om; touf
aygi;f axmifcsI D paw;cJ&h onf? rqvygwD ðywfomG ;onf? ppftyk pf u k yif Ekid if t
H m%mudk quf
vufIodr;f vdu k o f nf? jynfoŒl tm%mudk rvGeq f efEidk I
f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumuf
yGu
J /kd y&d,m,fwcktjzpf usi;f yay;cJo h nf? od@k aomf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyu f tjywftowf
tEdik &f +y;D / wdik ;f &if;om;tm;vH;k ESit hf wl aoG;pnf;nD!w G pf mG jzifh vlŒtcGit hf a&;rsm;udk tmrcHaom/
ppfreS o f nfh 'Dru kd a&pDEidk if aH wmf}uD;xlaxmif&ef aocsmoGm;onf?

27? od@k aomf wdik ;f jynf. tm%mudo k rd ;f ,lxm;aom vuf&t dS m%mydik wf @kd u Oya' pnf;
urf;ESithf nD jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:ray;±Hrk #ru/ ‚if;wd@k u, kd w
f ikd u
f si;f yðyvkyaf y;cJah om a&G;aumuf
yG&J v'fuykd if zsuq
f ;D &ef enf;rsKd ;pHjk zifh tm;xkwv f yk u
f ikd af e=uonf?

28? ,ae@tcsed w f iG f ‚if;wd@k u,

kd w
f ikd jf yÏmef;xm;aom Oya'pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;t& jynfol
vlx. k vGwv f yfaomoabmqENjzifh wcJeufqENraJ y;I a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufxm;aom jynf
olŒv$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,}f uD;rsm;tm; raxmufcaH wmha=umif; qENxw k af zmfyq JG okd nfh t"rR
vdrn f myGrJ sm;udk }u§›H zGŒH qdo k nfh tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tm; toH;k cs+y;D vkyaf qmifaeonfrmS rdrjd yÏmef;xm;
aomOya'udk rdrd jyefvnf csKd ;azmufaejcif;jzpfonfomru/ jynfow l @kd vdck sio
f nfh ppfreS af om
'Dru
kd a&pDEidk if aH wmf}uD; ray:ayguaf p&ef [ef@wm; aESmuf,u S af ejcif;jzpfa=umif; xif&mS ;vSay
onf?
jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynf/h wefc;l vjynfah usmf (12)&uf?
1999 ckEpS /f {_yDv (12)&uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)
171
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJu wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 23 (4§99)

1? trsKd ;om;'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS ygwpD nf;urf;rsm;udck sKd ;azguo

f nfa=umifh tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ
0iftjzpfrS xkwyf ,fxm;aom OD;oef;xGe;f (a';'&J/ {&m0wDwikd ;f ) onf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzGŒJ csKyf.tvHawmfukd udik af qmifco hJ nfa=umifo h m 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxG
a&G;aumufyw JG iG f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w
f OD;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufjcif;cHc&hJ onf?

2? ‚if;onf tzGŒJ csKyfwiG f A[dOk ;D pD;tzGŒJ Y wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ olvnf;jzpfonf? od@k

a=umifh 'Drdkua&pDa&;ESifh vlŒtcGifhta&;rsm;udk&&Sdatmifaqmif&Guf&mwGif ygwDY wm0ef}uD;
ay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ oljzpfonf?

3? OD;oef;xGe;f onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f OD;jzpfonft h jyif A[dOk ;D pD;tzGŒJ 0if
wOD;jzpfvifu h pm; ygwu D csrwS x
f m;onfph nf;urf;rsm;udk azguzf sucf o hJ nf? azguzf suyf rkH mS ,if;ESihf
taygif;ygrsm;u tzGJŒcsKyfrl0g'rsm;ESifhudkufnDjcif;r&Sdonfh pmwrf;wapmifxkwfjyefcJh+yD;/
A[dt
k vkyt f r_aqmif tzGŒJ od@k omru/ tzGŒJ csKyfEiS rhf oufqikd af om vly*k K~d vfrsm;ESihf tjcm;Edik if aH &;
tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;tjyif ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ od@k yifay;yd@k co hJ nf[k owif;&&Scd o hJ nf? pmapmif.
&nf&, G cf surf mS tzG@J csKyf. pnf;vH;k nD!w
G rf u
_ ykd sujf ym;ap&efjzpfonf? Tr# wm0ef}uD;rsm;udk
ay;tyfxm;onfa=umifh ,if;onf ygwpD nf;urf;rsm;udk tjcm;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm; apmifx h ed ;f vdu
k ef m
ap&ef vrf;!¸ejf yoay;&rnf/h erlemjyoay;&rnft h pm; ,if;u ygww D iG ;f nD!w
G rf u
_ ykd if azguzf suf
vmonf?

4? od@k vifu
h pm; 'Dru
kd a&pDusiphf Ofrsm;t& ,if;ESihf taygi;f ygw@kd tm; tzGŒJ csKyfA[dt k vkyf
tr_aqmiftzGŒJ u ‚if;wd@k ðypkxm;onfph mapmifEiS yhf wfoufI ta=utvnf waeukeaf tmif
aqG;aEG;cJo h nf? od@k aomf ,if;ESit hf aygi;f ygwOD;onf ygww D iG ;f pnf;urf;rsm;udk qufvufazguf
zsuv f mcJo h nfa=umifh A[dyk gwpD nf;urf;xde;f odr;f a&;tzGŒJ ucsrw S xf m;onfh pnf;urf;rsm;t&/
,if;ESit hf aygi;f ygw@kd tm; ac:,lar;jref;aqG;aEG;cJo h nf? aemufq;kH Y ,if;wd@k EpS Of ;D tm; tzGŒJ csKyfrS
xkwyf ,fc&hJ onf? tqdyk g taygi;f ygwOD;rSm rauG;wdik ;f / awmifwiG ;f }uD;òrdŒe,f rJqENe,f trSwf
(1) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.tvHawmfukd udik af qmifvmcJo h nfa=umifo h m a&G;cs,jf cif;
cH&onfh OD;odr;f =unf jzpfonf? od@k a=umifh OD;oef;xGe;f ESihf OD;odr;f =unfw@kd onf tzGŒJ csKyEf iS hf ywfouf
jcif; vH;k 0r&Sad wmhay (r&Sad wmhay)?

172
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

5? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya't& 1990 jynfEh pS af &G;aumufy+JG y;D v#if jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&rnf[k twdtvif;jyÏmef;xm;aomfvnf; tm%mydik rf sm;u aqmif&u G f
ay;jcif;r&Scd ?hJ od@k a=umifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:ayguv f ma&;rSm ta&G;cs,cf x H m;&onfh jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tay:wGif jynfov l x
l t
k wGuf wm0efusvmonf? ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;
onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfo@kd wufa&muf=u&ef ta&G;cHcjhJ cif;jzpfonfr[kwyf gavm? 0ifa&mufta&G;
cs,cf u
H wnf;u ta&G;cs,cf &H olonf v$waf wmfo@kd wufa&mufEikd &f ef&nf&, G cf sujf zifo
h m 0if
a&muf,OS òf yid t f a&G;cH=ujcif;jzpfonf? tv[\ t"dyg` ,rf &Sd rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l uk kd opPmazmuf
&ef aiGa=u;tuket f usc/H vlyifyef;cH+yD; a&G;aumufyw JG iG f ta&G;cHc=hJ ujcif;r[kwaf y?

6? od@k ygojzifh trsKd ;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu jynfo@l vw $ af wmfOya'udk umuG,af pmifh
a&Smufa&;ESihf w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;wd@k uOkd ;D wnfjyD; v$waf wmfac:,lrnf[k a=unmcJo h nf? ‚if;
aemuf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:ayguv f m&ef tajctaer&So d nfth wGuf jynfov l x
l .
k tusKd ;udpP
rsm;udk vspvf #L±_xm;Ir&onfa=umifh wwftm;or#aqmif&u G &f ef jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðy
aumfrwDukd zGŒJ pnf;cJo
h nf? Tudp&P yfrsm;udk tzGŒJ csKyfu jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pk Edik if aH &;
ygwD (4) ckEiS hf ta=utvnfaqG;aEG;+y;D / ygwD (5) &yfv;kH u oabmwlnrD &_ &SI d aqmif&u G cf jhJ cif;jzpf
onf?

7? xdpk OfwiG f tm%mudk vuf0,fuikd x f m;onfo h w l @kd . wH@k jyefcsurf mS jynfovl x l u

k
wcJeufqENraJ y;I axmufcv H u
kd jf y;D ‚if;wd@k tm; v$waf wmfwiG u f ,
kd pf m;ðy&efjzpfonfh trsKd ;om;'D
rdu
k a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk ta=umif;rJ/h Oya'rJ/h twif;t"rR/
tm%mudt k vGet f u|o
H ;kH I zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;vdu k of nf? aqG;aEG;&ef[k vdrv f nfa=unm+y;D
zrf;qD;xm;onfrmS ,ckqv kd #if (8) v =umjrifv h m+yDjzpfonf? ta=umif;rJ/h rnfonfOh ya'udrk #
usL;vGejf cif;r&Syd /J wrifoufouf/ ud, k af &mpdwyf g !‡O;f yef;ESyd pf ufxm;jcif;jzpfonf? tvGet f rif;
rw&m;usveG ;f onf?

8? tm%mydik rf sm;uxkwjf yefxm;aomOya't& v$waf wmfac:,lay;&rnft h pm; ud,

k pf m;
vS,rf sm;udk rw&m;zrf;qD;jcif;jzifh Oya'rJv h yk &f yfukd aqmif&u G v
f u
kd jf cif;jzpfonf? wenf; tm;jzifh
jynfov l x
l . k qENuykd pfy,fvukd +f y;D rxDrjhJ rifðyvdu k jf cif;jzpfayonf? a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd ysujf y,f
&ef aqmif&u G jf cif;jzpfonf?

9? od@k zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cH&onfh ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;xJwiG f OD;oef;xGe;f vnf; trsKd ;om;
'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfuu kd ,
kd pf m;rðyayrJh yg0ifco
hJ nf? ,if;.taygi;f yg OD;odr;f =unfuakd wmh zrf;qD;
csKyfaESmifjcif;rðyyg? ,if;onf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. &yf§aus; pnf;±H;k a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;
tm; tzGŒJ csKyfrx S uG af p&ef tm%mydik rf sm;ESiyhf ;l aygi;f I aqmif&u G af eonf[k =um;od&onf?

173
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

10? OD;oef;xGe;f onf tzG@J csKyftay: uvJph m;acs&ef tcGit hf a&;&&So d mG ;awmhonf? ,if;
onf tzGŒJ csKyf.pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf u_ ykd supf ;D ap&ef ,if;tm;zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;onfh ppfaxmuf
vSr;f a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ESiyhf ;l aygi;f I }uHpnfóud;pm;tm;xkwv f monf? txl;ojzifh avwyfaxmuf
vSr;f a&;tzGŒJ trSwf (1) rS Adv k rf ;ª rsKd ;csp/f tjcm;Adv k }f uD;tqif&h w
dS OD;ESihf ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGJŒ
trSwf (6) rS Adv k }f uD;xifausmf qdo k w l @kd EiS hf yl;aygi;f vky}f uHaeonf[k owif;=um;od&onf? ppf
axmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ uOD;aqmifI tjcm;tm%mydik rf sm;u trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfukd òzcd yJG pf
&ef enf;rsKd ;pHjk zifóh u;d pm;tm;xkwaf e=uonf? od@k a=umifh ,if;wd@k .taygi;f yg OD;oef;xGe;f tm; zrf;
qD;xm;jcif;qdo k nfrmS ±kyjf yr#omjzpfaeonfrmS xif&mS ;aeonf? txl;tcGit hf a&;rsm; &&Sad eonf?

11? (u) OD;oef;xGe;f onf ,if;wa,mufwnf; }uHpnfóud;pm;tm;xkwaf ejcif;r[kwb f J

&efuek w f ikd ;f / r*Fvm'Hk òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) ESihf rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) toD;oD;
wd@k rS tzGŒJ csKyftvHawmfuu kd ikd af qmifIom ta&G;cHc=hJ u&onfh OD;=unf0if;ESihf
OD;wifxeG ;f armif (tu,f'rDq&k &Sx d m;onfh Zmwfvu kd rf if;om; a'G;. zcif) wd@k EiS hf
yl ; aygif ; I tzG J Œ csKyf u d k ò zd c G J & ef óud ; yrf ; aejcif ; jzpf o nf ? OD ; =unf 0 if ; ES i f h
OD;wifxeG ;f armifw@kd rmS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHae&aomfvnf; OD;oef;xGe;f uJo h @kd yif
±kyjf yrsm;omjzpfonf? ,if;wd@k (2) OD;onfvnf; OD;oef;xGe;f uJo h @kd yif ,if;wd@k tm;
zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;onfh ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;. txl;tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk
&&Sad e=uonf? oGm;vdo k nft h &yfrsm;od@k zrf;qD;xm;olrsm;.armfawmfum;jzifh
oGm;cGi&hf onf? tjcm;tzrf;cHu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;xJrS ,if;wd@k awG@qv kH o
kd rl sm;udk
awGŒqHEk ikd &f ef zrf;qD;olaxmufvrS ;f a&;rsm;upDpOfay;onf?
(c) ,if; (3) OD;wd@k onf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.rl0g'jzpfaom 'Dru kd a&pDa&;ESihf
vlŒtcGit hf a&;rsm;&&S&d eftwGuf tzGŒJ csKyf0ifrsm;tjzpf yxrOD;pGmcH,cl +hJ y;D ,cktcg
pGe@f y,fvu kd uf m xdrk 0l g'udk vH;k 0O\Hq k ef@usiaf e=uaom ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ
rsm;ESiyhf ;l aygi;f I tzGŒJ csKyf.pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf u
_ ykd suaf p&ef vkyaf qmifae=uonf[k
owif;&onf? OD;oef;xGe;f / OD;wifxeG ;f armifEiS hf OD;=unf0if;wd@k onf ppfaxmufvrS ;f
a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ESiyhf ;l aygi;f I pmwrf;wapmifðypkxm;onf[k =um;od&onf? ,if;wd@k
ðypkxm;onfph mwrf;udk tzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;xHo@kd oGm;
a&muf=u+y;D ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;.tm%mudk rw&m;/ twif;t"rRtoH;k
ðyapvsuf oabmwl&ef vufrw S af &;xd;k aprnf[k =um;od&onf? vH;k 0 rvkyo f ifrh
vkyx f u
kd o f nfu h pd jP zpfonf?

12? (u) pmwrf;yg t"dutcsurf sm;rSm -

(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyfu jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,l&efa=unmjcif;ESifh
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDzŒJG jcif;wd@k onf rrSeuf efa=umif;?
(2) od@k a=umifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; E_wxf uG af eonf? tzGŒJ csKyf.
174
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

òrdŒe,fpnf;±H;k a&;tzGŒJ rsm; zsuo f rd ;f jcif;cHae&onf? tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifrsm; E_wf

xGuaf e=uonf?
(3) tzGŒJ csKyfEiS hf Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpw D @kd aqG;aEG;&ef
udpu P kd tzGŒJ csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm;u awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;vkpd w d rf &Sad =umif;?
(4) Ekid if w
H umqufqaH &;tajctaersm;wGif [ef@wm;aESmuf,u S rf r_ sm;ESihf awGΗuH
ae&jcif;? æ [laomtcsurf sm;yg&o dS nf[k =um;od&onf?
(c) tqdyk gtcsuf (4) csurf sm;rSm tm%mudv k uf0,fuikd w f ,G xf m;o!hf Edik if aH wmf
at;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf ŒHG òz;d a&;aumifpu D vdrv f nfI0g'jzef@aeonfrsm;jzpfonf?
od@k aomf OD;oef;xGe;f / OD;wifxeG ;f armifEiS hf OD;=unf0if;wd@k onf rdi_ ;f wdu k cf &H I/ vufcH
xm;I pmwrf;udðk ypkxm;onf jzpf&ygrnf? rdi_ ;f wdu k cf &H I/ trSm;ukd trSe/f trSeu f kd
trSm;[k xifjrifaeonf? trsm;jynfov l x l u k tm%mydik rf sm;onf tzGŒJ csKyt f ay:
tmCmw}uD;pGmjzifh twif;t"rRqufqaH eonfukd aumif;pGmod&=dS uonf?

13? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,la&;ESihf ywfoufIvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yjcif;ESiyhf wf

oufIvnf;aumif; jyÏmef;xm;onfh Oya'rsm;qdik &f mrsm;tjyif ,ck Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,m
a&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpD (,cif Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ ) ESihf tjcm;tm%mydik f
rsm;. ajymqdak =unmcsurf sm;udk jyefvnfaz:xkw&f ef vdv k mayonf?
rSwcf su?f ? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'yk'rf (3) wGif
“v$wfawmfudk rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESifhtnD a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
v$waf wmfu, kd f pm;vS,rf sm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;&rnf” [k jyÏmef;xm;onf? ,ck a&G;aumufyJG usi;f yjy;D cJh
onfrmS (9) ESpf eD;yg;&Sv d m+yD/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:ayguv f mjcif;r&Sad y?)
(u) tm%mydik t f zGŒJ . owif;jyef=um;a&;tzGŒJ u owif;axmufrsm;.ar;jref;csuf
jzpfaom v$waf wmftpnf;ta0; ac:,lrnf&h uf owfrw S x f m;r_ &S§d r&Sd udk “a&G;
aumufy+JG y;D v#if ta&G;cH&rnfv h w$ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; !dE‡ i_d ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf
jzpfa=umif;” [k ajzqdck o hJ nf? a&G;aumufy+JG yD;I (9) ESpef ;D yg;&Sv d maomfvnf;
ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm; ,ae@wikd f !dE‡ i_d ;f Edik jf cif;r&Sad o;ay?
(c) ‚if;jyif tm%mydik w f @kd . owif;jyef=um;a&;tzGŒJ u “v$waf wmfac:,lrnfh tcsed t f
wdtusrajymEdik af =umif;” ok@d aomf tcsed q f x JG m;vko
d nfh oabmxm;r&Sad =umif;
[k xyfraH jymjyefonf? (9) ESpf =umjrifv h monfrmS tcsed q f xJG m;jcif;r[kwyf gavm?
(*) wdik ;f jynftm%mudo k rd ;f ,lvukd of nfh Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ
OuUÏu ,if;tzGŒJ .oabmwlnrD j_ zifo h majymqd&k rnfw@kd ukd atmufygtwdik ;f
az: jyvduk of nf?
(1) “···Edik if aH wmftm%mudk =um&Snpf mG &,lvakd om qENr&Sad =umif;/ &[ef;&Siv f l
jynfotl aygi;f udk ±d;k om;av;pm;=unfjzLpGm uwdðyygw,f?···”
(2) “··usaemfw@kd wyfrawmftaeeJ@uawmh jynfojl ynfom;rsm;u rdrw d @kd &ŒJ 'Drukd a&
175
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

pDyikd cf iG thf & vGwv f yfr#wpGma&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufzJGŒpnf;vdu k w f hJ tpd;k &tzGŒJ t

pnf;udk Edik if aH wmf&ŒJ tm%mudv k aJ$ jymif;ay;+yD;wmeJ@ usaemfw@kd rlv··wm0ef
awG udo k m qufvufaqmif&u G o f mG ;rSmjzpfa=umif; xyfru H wday;vdyk gw,f··”
(C) Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGòH zd;a&;aumifpD (,cif Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_
wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ ) rsm;wGif twGi;f a&;rª; (1) . wm0efukd qufwu kd f tpOft
qufrjywf wm0ef,v l mcJoh nfyh *k K~d vfu -
“···Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ taeeJ@ tm%mv$aJ y;csif
vd@k yJ (a&G;aumufyu JG )kd vkyaf y;cJjh cif;jzpfw,f? tm%mudv k aJ$ y;zd@k qENr&Sb d ;l / &nf&,
G f
csurf &Sb d ;l qd&k if tJ'aD &G;aumufy[ JG m vkyaf y;p&mta=umif;r&Sb d ;l ? &Si;f aeygw,f
···” [k owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGw J ckwiG f ajym=um;cJo h nf?
(i) txufwiG af z: jycJo h nft h a=umif;t&mrsm;udk OD;oef;xGe;f / OD;wifxeG ;f armifEiS hf
OD;=unf0if;wd@k onf aumif;rGepf mG od&edS m;vnf=u+yD;jzpfayonf? rodusKd ;u|ef rðy
oif=h uay?
(p) ‚if;jyif wdik ;f jynfo@kd ay;cJo h nfu h wdrsm;jzpfonfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;a&;ESihf
a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yjcif;ta=umif;rsm;udk rnfou l r#csKd ;azgujf cif;rðybJ/ uwday;
onfo h rl sm;uom csKd ;azgujf cif;jzpfonf?

14? (u) awG@qakH qG;aEG;a&;ESiyhf wfoufI wifjyoGm;rnf?

trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ
(,ck Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òzd;a&;aumifp)D ESihf awG@qakH qG;aEG;a&;
udpu P kd vGecf ohJ nfh (10) ESpjf zpfonfh 1989 ckEpS u f yif pwifóu;d yrf;aqmif&u G cf o
hJ nf?
wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;wnfaqmuf&efEiS hf ,ae@ jrefrmEdik if w H iG f jzpfay:ae
aom Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/ ynma&;/ use;f rma&;tp&So d nfh jy\emrsm;udk
(2) OD; (2) buf pm;yGaJ y:wGif awGŒqHak qG;aEG;ygrS tajz&Edik rf nf[k r=umc%qdo k vdk
pmjzifah &;om;Ivnf;aumif;/ a=unmcsurf sm;xkwjf yefIvnf;aumif; apwem
oef@oef@jzifh tm%mydik t f zGŒJ OuUÏ xHo@kd today;ta=umif;=um;cJo h nf? Tonf
udv k nf; OD;oef;xGe;f / OD;wifxeG ;f armifEiS hf OD;=unf0if;wd@k aumif;pGmod&=dS uonf?
tjcm;urBmEh ikd if rH sm;wGif jy\emrsm;udk awGŒqHak qG;aEG;jcif;jzifh ajz&Si;f ae=uonf
udv k nf; Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpu D aumif;pGmem;vnf
od&o dS nf? qEN&v dS #if enf;vrf;&Sod nf?
(c) urBmEh ikd if rH sm;. awGŒqHak qG;aEG;a&;ESiyhf wfoufI xH;k wrf;pOfvmt& wbufEiS hf
wbufawGŒqHak qG;aEG;=u&mwGif rnforl nf0g ryg&§yg& qdo k nfw@kd ukd óuw d ifuef@
owfjcif;r&S=d uay? tjcm; óuw d ifowfrw S cf surf sm;vnf;r&S=d uay? wbufuud, k f
pm;vS,rf nfr#/ usew f bufuvnf; ud, k pf m;vS,rf nfr#qo kd nfuo kd m ajym=uqdk
=uonf? awGŒqHak qG;aEG;a&;ESiyhf wfoufI trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. rlrmS
Ttwdik ;f jzpfonf? tzGŒJ csKyu f 1989 ckEpS rf pS I tpOfwpdu k f awGŒqHak qG;aEG;a&;udpP
176
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
udk tjrefq;kH jzpfajrmufap&ef wdu k wf eG ;f cJo
h nf? ,cktcsed Yf vnf; awGŒqHak qG;aEG;a&;
twGuf tzGŒJ csKyfu toifjh yifqifxm;onf? t+rJóudqakd eonf?
(*) Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpo D nf tzG@J csKyfEiS hf awGŒqHak qG;aEG;
&ef vH;k 0O\Hq k ENr&So
d nfa=umifo h m cdik v f akH omta=umif;rsm;udk az:xkwjf cif;r
ðybJ/ r[kwrf [wfaom ta=umif;trsKd ;rsKd ;udjk yI vS;D v$aJ &Smifaejcif;omjzpfonf?
tu,fpifppf awGŒqHak qG;aEG;&efqEN&I dS aqG;aEG;=uygu/ ,ae@tcsed t f cgwiG f wdik ;f
jynfYjzpfay:aeaom jy\emt&yf&yfonf twdik ;f twmwcktxd ajyvnfaeEdik f
rnfjzpfonf? wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf u_ v kd nf; wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm;ESihf aqG;
aEG;I twdik ;f twmwcktxd wnfaqmufEikd af yrnf? od@k a=umifh tm%mydik t f zGŒJ
rsm;udk OD;oef;xGe;f / OD;wifxeG ;f armif/ OD;=unf0if;wd@k u ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;
ESihf yl;aygi;f I wdu
k wf eG ;f &rnfomjzpfonf?

15? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. òrŒd e,fpnf;±H;k a&;tzGŒJ rsm;udk zsuo f rd ;f jcif;/ tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ
0ifrsm; E_wxf uG af pjcif;rsm;rSm vH;k 0w&m;r0ifonfu h pd jP zpfonf? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;
Oya'wGif TuJo h @kd tm%mydik rf sm;u aqmif&u G Ef ikd o
f nf[q k o
kd nfh jyÏmef;csurf sm; vH;k 0r&Syd g?
‚if;jyif tm%mydik rf sm;. rw&m;/ twif;t"rR/ Oya'rJ/h ta=umif;rJjh cdr;f ajcmufI tm%mudk
tvGet f u|o H ;kH um ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;uOD;aqmifI vkyaf qmifaeonfukd OD;wifxeG ;f
armif/ OD;=unf0if;wd@k / OD;oef;xGe;f tygt0if od=u+y;D jzpfonf? rdrjd yÏmef;xm;onfh Oya'udk rdru d
azguzf suaf ejcif;omjzpfonf? ordik ;f pOfvmraumif;yg?

16? (1) trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf Oya'ygjyÏmef;csurf sm;t& jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ay:ayguv f ma&;ESihf ay:ayguv f mjcif;r&So d r#umvywfv;kH jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd f
pm;ðyaumfrwDonf jynfov l xl tk usKd ;rsm;twGuf aqmif&u G o f mG ;Edik &f ef &yfwnf
oGm;rnfjzpfa=umif; xyfraH =unmvdu k of nf? Tonfrsm;rSm tzGŒJ csKyu f rSeu f efpmG
csrwS xf m;onfrh rl sm;jzpfonf?
(2) jynfov l xl ck pH m;ae&onfh pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/ ynma&;/ use;f rma&;tp&Sad om
t=uyftwnf; trsKd ;rsKd ;rsm;tjyif/ ‚if;wk@d EiS hf ,SOw
f IJG yl;wGvJ ukd yf gvmrnfh Edik if aH &;
t=uyftwnf;rsm;udk ‚if;wd@k .ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;u jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrw S qifh ajz&Si;f ay;rSomv#if t=uyft
wnf;rsm; ajyvnfomG ;Edik rf nfjzpfayonf? od@k a=umifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ay:ayguf
vm&rnfjzpfonf? ‚if;jyif Edik if aH &;jy\emrsm;udk Edik if aH &;enf;jzifo h m ajz&Si;f &
onfcsn;f jzpfonf? vufeufjzifv h nf;aumif;/ wzGŒJ wnf;uvnf;aumif;/ tm%m
udk tvGet f u|H toH;k ðyIvnf;aumif; ajz&Si;f Edik rf nfr[kwaf y?

17? Edik if wH umqufqaH &;tajctaersm;wGif [ef@wm;aESmif,u S rf r_ sm;jzpfay:aejcif;rSm

trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEiS hf oufqikd jf cif;r&Syd g? Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;
177
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

aumifpu D 1990 jynfEh pS f a&G;aumufy&JG v'frsm;udak z:ray;bJ ysujf y,fatmifaqmif&u G af ejcif;/

jynfoŒl v$waf wmfukd Oya't&ac:,lray;jcif;ESihf 'Dru kd a&pDa&;ESihf vlŒtcGit hf a&;rsm;udk csKd ;azguf
zsuq f ;D aeonfa=umifo h mjzpfonf? 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if rH sm;ESihf 'Dru
kd a&pDurkd vdv
k m;onfh tm%mydik f
tzGŒJ rsm;t=um; jzpfay:aeonfh jy\emomjzpfonf?

18? OD;oef;xGe;f / OD;wifxeG ;f armif ESihf OD;=unf0if; (3) OD;wd@k onf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
. pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf y_ sujf ym;ap&ef ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;. vufuikd w f wk rf sm;tjzpf toH;k ðy
jcif;cHae&onf? OD;wifxeG ;f armifEiS hf OD;=unf0if;wd@k onf tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;jzpfaeqJjzpfonf?
OD;oef;xGe;f rSmrl tzGŒJ csKyf0ifr[kwaf wmhacs? rdr. d ygwu D kd rdru
d zsuyf pf&ef óud;pm;r_}uD;jzpfonf?
ao;odrI f wdraf umaomvky&f yfrsm;jzpfonf? ‚if;jyif ,if;wd@k (3) OD;. vky&f yfrsm;/ ppfaxmufvrS ;f
a&;tzGŒJ rsm;ESihf tjcm;tm%mydik t f zGŒJ toD;oD;wd@k . vky&f yfrsm;onf wdik ;f jynftem*wftwGuf
vH;k 0raumif;/ Edik if aH &;ordik ;f udv
k nf; trnf;uGu}f u;D rsm;a&;aeonfukd aumif;pGmod&rdS nfjzpfonf?

19? od@k a=umifh ,if;vufuikd w f w k f (3) OD;wd@k . ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;ESihf yl;aygi;f onfh
vky&f yfrsm;udk jyif;xefpmG ±_wcf svu
kd af =umif; a=unmvdu k o
f nf? tm%mydik rf sm;onf rdrw d @kd xkwf
jyefxm;onfh Oya'rsm;udk av;pm;vdu k ef m&rnft h pm; csKd ;azguaf eonf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1360 jynfEh pS /f uqkev
f qef;(2)&uf//
1999 ck/ {jyDv(16)&uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

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1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJu wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 24 (4§99)

atmufwiG af zmfjyxm;onfu h pd &P yfrsm;onf jynfov l x

l Ek iS o
hf ufqidk af eonfa-umifh jynfovl l
xkukd ud,k pf m;ðyonfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;xm;onfh jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfuom qH;k jzwfay;&rnfjzpfonf? v$waf wmf ray:aygufao;onfa-umif/h jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDu a-unm csut f jzpf xkwjf yefvu kd jf cif;jzpfonf?

1? c&pfouU&mZf 2010 ESpcf ef@wiG f jrefrmEkid if . H vlO;D a&onf oef; (60) cef@xd wd;k yGm;vm
rnfuckd ef@reS ;f v#u/f tpm;tpmzlvakH &;twGuEf iS hf awmifov l ,form;rsm;aexkid &f m aus;vuf
a'orsm;rSmvnf; zGŒH òzd;wk;d wufvmap&ef/ Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpu D
atmufygvyk if ef;rsm;vkyaf qmifrnf[k owif;pmrsm;wGiaf &;om;xm;onfukd zwf±&_ onf?
(u) rd;k pyg;{u (14) oef;ESihf aEGpyg;{u (4) oef;pdu k yf sKd ;Ekid &f efEiS hf w{uv#if pyg;t
xGuEf e_ ;f wif; (100) &&Sad p&ef?
(c) e,fajra'otvku d f oD;xyfpu kd yf sKd ;Ekid &f eftwGuf ajr{&d,mwd;k csŒJ &ef?
(*) jynfwiG ;f pm;oH;k qDzv l akH p&ef?
(1) ESr;f w{uv#if (15) wif;xGu&f ef?
(2) {&m0wDwidk ;f wGif yJtrdsK;rdsK; ydrk pkd u dk yf sd K;&ef?
(3) wevFm&Dwidk ;f wGif qDtek ;f wk;d csŒJ pdu k yf sKd ;&ef?
(C) weomF&w D idk ;f wGif a&mfbmyif wd;k csŒJ pku d yf sKd ;&ef?
(i) om;/ ig;/ykZeG /f arG;jrLa&; wk;d csŒJ vkyaf qmif&ef?

2? (u) txl;ojzifh pyg;udyk rkd w kd ;kd cs@J pu

kd yf sKd ;+yD; ydrk xkd uG &f adS p&efEiS hf txufygvyk if ef;rsm;udk
vkyu
f ikd af qmif&u G Ef idk &f ef ajrvGw/f ajrvyf/ ajr±kid ;f / a&eufuiG ;f tp&So d nfrsm;ukd
{uaxmifaomif;us,jf yef@aom v,f,muGu}f uD;rsm;tjzpf azmfxw k &f rnfjzpf
onf? od@k azmfxw k &f mwGif tjcm;olrsm;. vufiw k af jr (qkv d o
dk nfrmS vkyyf ikd cf iG &hf &Sd
xm;ol&+dS yD;jzpfI ‚if;u vuf&t dS ajctaewGif pdu k yf sKd ;aeqJjzpfonfah jr) rsm;udk
,ck txl;tcGit hf a&;ay;tyfjcif;cH&onfo h rl sm;u ‚if;wk@d .vkyif ef;wGif ajr{u
pm&if;xnfo h iG ;f jcif;rðy=u&ef[k tqk&d o dS nf?
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(c) jynfwiG ;f pmoH;k qDzv

l akH &;twGuf qDxu G of ;D ESpH u
kd yf sKd ;&ef ajrvGwaf jr±kid ;f rsm;&Sv
d #if
tm%mykid t f zGŒJ u vkyu f ikd cf iG ahf y;rnf[vk nf;qkyd gonf?

3? (u) vkyif ef;rsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf&efvyk if ef;rsm;ay;tyfjcif;cH&olrsm;rSm yk*v ~ u

d
wkid ;f &if;om; vkyif ef;&Siq f o kd rl sm; jzpfonf[k =um;od&onf? ‚if;wd@k ukd tm%m
ykid rf sm;u ‚if;wd@k EiS hf yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G v f monfh “&Jabmf&b J ufrsm;” [k uifyeG ;f
wwfxm;ygonf? yk*v ~ u
d vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;onf tm%mykid rf sm;xHrS atmufyg txl;
tcGit hf a&;rsm; &&So d rl sm;jzpfonf? ‚if;wd@k rmS -
(1) vkyif ef;trsKd ;rsKd ;twGuf uefx&ku d rf sm;tjzpf vkycf iG &hf olrsm;/ txl;ojzifh
aqmufvyk af &;rsm;udk vkyu f ikd cf iG &hf =uI ºuG,0f csr;f omvmolrsm;?
(2) Ekid if jH cm;ok@d yd@k uek of iG ;f ukev f yk if ef;rsm;&&So d nfa=umifh tjrwftpGe;f &=uI rsuf
arSmufacwfwiG f ºuG,0f csr;f omvmolrsm; jzpfonf[k =um;od&onf?
(c) yk*v ~ u d vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;od@k tm%mykid rf sm;u vkyif ef;vkyu f idk cf iG ahf y;xm;onfh pm&if;
udk aemufqufwt JG jzpf yl;wGx J m;onf?

4? {u(5000)ESihf txufvyk if ef;&Sirf sm;udk atmufygtcGit hf a&;rsm;ay;rnf[k od&&dS onf?

(u) tESp(f 30)vkyu f ikd cf iG ahf y;rnf? (,ae@ touf 20 &So d rl sm; touf 50 txd tcsed f
umv a&muf&o dS mG ;rnf) rsKd ;qufopfw@kd . vkyyf idk cf iG rhf sm;udk ,ae@uyif xde;f csKyf
xm;vdu k jf cif;jzpfonf?
(c) tqdyk g tcGit hf a&;&&So d rl sm;onf pku d yf sKd ;I xGu&f v dS monfh pyg;rS qefukd w0uf
tm;jzifh jynfyok@d wify@kd ciG hf &&Srd nfjzpf+yD;/ usew f 0ufrmS jynfwiG ;f wGif a&mif;csciG hf
&rnf?
(*) v,f,mpku d yf sKd ;a&;vkyif ef;twGuf Ekid if jH cm;rS wifoiG ;f rnfph ufu&d , d m/ yd;k owfaq;/
"mwfajr=oZm tp&So d nfrsm;wifoiG ;f v#if tcGet f cuif;vGwcf iG &hf rnf?
(C) tm%mykid rf sm;u ‚if;wd@k . “&Jabmf&b J uf” rsm;jzpfonfh vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;. vkyif ef;
cGiaf e&mrsm;od@k vrf;wHwm;/ a&oGi;f / a&xkwaf jrmif;rsm; azmufvyk af y;jcif;/ quf
oG,af &;vrf;a=umif;rsm;zGiahf y;I w,fvzD ek ;f rsm;udw k wfqifay;rnf? a&xkwf
yifrajrmif;rsm;udk tm%mykid w f @kd u wm0ef,/l aiGa=u;tuket f uscI H yk*v
~ u
d
vkyif ef;ydik &f iS rf sm;twGuf wl;azmfay;rnf?
(i) “&Jabmf&b J uf”rsm;rS aiGacs;,lEidk o f nf?

5? (u) a&eufuiG ;f a'owGif qefpyg;pku

d yf sKd ;a&;ESiyhf wfoufI wifjyoGm;ygrnf? jrefrm
180
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f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

Ekid if w
H iG f Ekid if aH &;wnf+ird &f ef/ pD;yGm;a&;zGŒH òz;d wd;k wufap&ef/ v_ra_ &;udprP sm;wd;k wuf
ap&ef tp&So d nfw@dk twGuf qefpyg;onf ta&;t}u;D qH;k oD;ESjH zpfayonf? od@k tm;
avsmpf mG a&eufuiG ;f a'owGipf u kd yf sKd ;&efEiS hf ajr±dik ;f azmfxw k pf ukd yf sKd ;&efupd u P kd av;
av;eufeufpOfpm;&efvo kd nf?
(c) a&eufuiG ;f a'owGif t=urf;tm;jzifh atmufygajrtrsKd ;tpm;&So d nf?
(1) a&eufyidk ;f rS pdu k yf sKd ;I&Ekid af o;onfu h iG ;f rsm;/
(2) oufu,fawm/ ukid ;f awm tp&So d nfw@kd ayguo f nfu h iG ;f rsm;/
(3) aqmufòcHrsm;/ xif;awmrsm;ayguaf eonfu h iG ;f rsm;/
(4) tif;rsm;/
(*) TajrtrsKd ;tpm;rsm;xJrS yk*v ~ u d vkyif ef;&Siq f okd rl sm;u pdu k yf sKd ;ajrrsm;udk atmufyg
twkid ;f taumiftxnfaz:aqmifrnf[k =um;od&onf?
(1) vufiw k pf u kd yf sKd ;ae=uaom awmifov l ,form;rsm; ydik q f idk o f nf pdu k yf sKd ;
ajrrsm;ud&k ,ljcif;?
(2) a'ocHjynfov l x l yk idk q f idk of nfh oufu,fawmrsm;/ tif;rsm;tm;&,ljcif;/
(3) ydik &f iS rf ahJ jrrsm;ud&k ,ljcif;?
(C) a&eufuiG ;f a'oteD;&Sjd ynfov l x l o k nf tdrt f rd;k rd;k &ef oufu,fut kd oH;k ðy=u
onf? xif;awmrsm;udk rD;xif;tjzpftoH;k ðy=uonf? tif;rsm;rS ig;/ ykZeG f tp&Sd
onfrsm;udzk rf;I toufarG;0rf;a=umif;ðy=uonf/ ‚if;jyif qefpyg;pdu k yf sKd ;Ekid o f nfh
tuGurf sm;wGif wwftm;or# óud;yrf;tm;xkwI f pdu k yf sKd ;=uonf?
(i) a&eufuiG ;f a'oudk qef/ pyg;pdu k yf sKd ;a&;twGuf toH;k ðyygv#if tyk'd f (C) wGiaf zmfjy
xm;onft h cGit hf a&;rsm; qH;k ±_;H oGm;rnf? a'ocHw@kd . pD;yGm;a&;ESihf vlra_ &;rsm;
qH;k ±_;H epfemoGm;rnfjzpfonf?
(p) a&eufuiG ;f a'owGiyf g0ifaomajr,mrsm;udyk idk q f idk +f yD; v,f,mvkyu f ikd of rl sm;t
wGuf rdrv d yk u f ikd af eaom v,f,majrrsm;qH;k ±_;H I v,f,mrJb h 0od@k a&muf&dS
oGm;=urnf? oufu,f/ xif;ckwo f rl sm;ESihf tif;vkyif ef;vkyu f ikd =f uolrsm;onf
tvkyv f ufrb hJ 0od@k a&muf&o dS mG ;=urnf? Tae&mwGiw f ifjyvdo k nfrmS udv k ekd tD yk f
csKyfa&;pepfwiG f v,f,mvkyu f ikd &f ef tjcm;wEkid if rH S v,f,mvkyo f m;rsm;udk ac:
aqmifvm+yD; aiGa=u;t&if;tES;D twGuf cspw f ;D vlrsKd ;rsm; 0ifa&mufvmcJo h nf?
&moDOwkazmufjyefr/_ cspw f ;D rsm;. rw&m;acgi;f yHjk zwfr/_ v,f,mxGuu f ek Ef iS hf
vloHk;ukefwdk@t=um; aps;E_ef;r#wr_r&Sdjcif;wdk@a=umifh/ awmifolv,form;rsm;
v,fyidk &f iS b f 0rS ajr,mrJv h ,fuv l bD 0ok@d qif;oufc=hJ u&+y;D / urBmph ;D yGm;a&;ysuf
jym;jcif;wk@d a=umifh jrefrmEkid if aH wmifov l ,form;ta&;awmfy}kH u;D ay:ayguv f mcJh
181
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onf?
(q) a&eufuiG ;f a'owGif qefpyg;pku d yf sKd ;&eftwGuf vkyt f m;vdt k yfvmygonf? xkv d kd
tyfonfv h yk t f m;&&S&d ef vkyo
f m;aus;&Gmrsm;udk a'ocHawmifov l ,form;rsm;/
vufvyk v f ufpm;jynforl sm;ESihf òrŒd ay: &yfuu G t f csKd ŒrS tdraf xmifprk sm;udk tm%m
ykid rf sm;u twif;t"rRpak qmif;I xlaxmifay;rnf[k od&&dS onf? xdo k @kd qv kd #if
vlra_ &;jy\emrsm;ESióhf uHawGŒ&rnfrmS aocsmvSonf? òrdŒaevlxrk mS qefpyg;
pku
d yf sKd ;jcif;ESiyhf wfoufI vH;k 0tawGŒtóurH &So d nft h jyif òrŒd jywGi&f &Sad eonfh tcGihf
ta&;tenf;i,fuykd if &&SEd idk =f urnfr[kwaf y?
(Z) a&eufuiG ;f a'orsm;onf rd;k wGi;f tcg&mG oGe;f onfrh ;kd a&rsm;ESihf tjcm;a&rsm;udk
obm0tm;jzifh a&ykad &v#u H kd odak vSmifxm;&mjzpfonf? jrefrmjynf}uD; urBmay:
wGiaf y:xGe;f vmonfh tcsed t f cguyif jzpfay: cJjh cif;jzpfonf? a&eufuiG ;f a'oudk
pku d yf sKd ;a&;uGi;f rsm;tjzpfaz:xkwyf gv#if obm0udk zsuq f ;D ypf&ma&mufonf?
obm0ysuv f #if ywf0ef;usit f ajctaersm;ysu+f yD; jy\emtrsKd ;rsKd ; ay:ayguf
vmEkid af yonf? pD;yGm;a&;/ v_ra_ &;/ tp&So d nfh jy\memrsm;ay:ayguEf idk +f y;D ‚if;wd@k
ESit hf wl Ekid if aH &;jy\emrsm;vku d yf gvmrnf? a&ydak &v#rH sm;onf tjcm;ae&mok@d
pD;qifomG ;+yD;v#i/f rlva'o &moDOwkysuo f Ok ;f I/ ,cifu a&r&Sad omae&mY
a&v$r;f rd;k jcif;jzpfrnf? oufqidk &f ma'orsm;Y [efcsun f pD mG wnf+idrv f #u&f adS om
a&/ ajr/ av/ &moDOwkEiS hf xdt k ajctaeudk trDo S [JðyI touf&iS v f #u&f adS om
opfyif/ 0g;yif/ wd&p>mef/ =uuf/ iSu/f a&owW0g/ uke;f owW0grsm; aoa=uysupf ;D jcif;
r&Sad p&ef/ [efcsurf vGwaf tmif xde;f odr;f &rnf?

6? jrefrmEkid if o
H nf Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ v_ra_ &; tp&So d nfw@kd twGuf pdu k yf sKd ;a&;udt
k ajc
cHxm;&onf? xd@k a=umifh pdu k yf sKd ;a&;wGif txl;ojzifh qefpyg;pku d yf sKd ;a&;ukd t"duaqmif&u G f
vm=u&onf? xd@k a=umifh wd;k csŒJ pdu k yf sKd ;&ef t+rJwap óud;yrf;vkyaf qmif=u&onf? ok@d w;kd csŒJ pdu k f
ysKd ;&ef a&eufuiG ;f a'oyg yg0ifonf? ok@d aomf a&eufuiG ;f a'oazmfxw k af &;onf topftqef;
r[kwyf g? 1963 ckEpS f yJc;l c±kid f a&eufuiG ;f }uD;jzpfaom tr&/ pDyif/ cifwef;}uD;ESihf urmuvpf
or0g,r&Gmrsm;wGif jrefrmhq&kd , S v f pfvrf;pOfygwv D ufxufu pDru H ed ;f }uD;w&yfcsrw S I
f azmf
xkwcf &hJ mwGiv f nf;aumif;/ {&m0wDjrpf0u|e;f ay:a'owGif a&$avmif;òrdŒe,fEiS hf zsmyHòk rdŒe,frsm;Y
pyg; (1)/ pyg; (2) [kpu kd yf sKd ;ajr,mopfrsm;udk urBmb h %facs;aiGjzifah zmfxw k cf &hJ mwGiv f nf;aumif;/
vufawGŒwGif xku d o f ifo h nft h usKd ;oufa&mufrr_ &Scd yhJ g?

7? 1988 ckEpS af emufyidk ;f jrefrmEkid if H v,f,mu¾ESihf ywfowfI tajctaeudk qufvuf

182
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(u) (1) tm%mykid t f zG@J tpnf;toD;oD;u awmifov l ,form;rsm;tm; ESppf OfEpS w f idk ;f /
oD;pm;cspepfukd toH;k ðyaejcif;jzpfonf? awmifov l ,form;rsm;trsm;pkonf
ysr;f r#jcif;tm;jzifh (3) {urS (5) {u txdom wOD;jcif; vkyu f idk Ef idk &f efajr&So d nf?
(2) ESppf Ofo;D pm;cspepfonfvnf; oufqidk &f mtm%mykid w f @kd u vuf0,f&t dS m%mudk
tvGet f u|H toH;k ðyonf? ay:xGe;f vmrnfph yg;udk w&m;r#wr_v;kH 0r&So d nfh cGw J rf;
pyg; (od@k r[kw)f 0efxrf;pyg;/ apwempyg;/ ppfwyf&u d mQ tp&So d nfw@kd ukd txGuEf e_ ;f
aumif;onfjzpfap/ raumif;onfjzpfap (12) wif;rS (14) wif;txd twif;t"rR
&,lonf? pyg;zd;k ay;acsonfEh e_ ;f rSmvnf; tjyifayguaf ps; xuf0ufcef@yifrjynfah y?
awmifov l ,form;rsm;rSm ±d;k om;=u+y;D a=umuf&ŒHG =uonfa=umifh rdryd idk yf pPn;f rsm;
udak &mif;csaygi;f ESI H tm%mykid rf sm;u twif;t"rRawmif;qko d nfrsm;udk tjcm;
rS aps;}uD;}uD;jzif0h ,f,I l ay;=u&onf? rvdu k ef mv#if v,form;rsm;tm; trsKd ;
rsKd ;tzHzk kH pdwt f m;ud, k t f m;jzifh ESyd pf ufnO‡ ;f yef;+yD;/ v,f,mvkyu f idk cf iG rhf ðyawmh
acs? v,f,mvkyu f idk o f nfah jrqH;k ±_;H I rdom;pktm;vH;k b0ysuo f mG ;&ayonf? xdo k @kd
awmifov l ,form;wOD;twGuf qGaJ qmifr_ vH;k 0\Hrk &Sjd cif;a=umifh pdu k yf sKd ;a&;vkyf
ief;udk *±kðyvkad omfvnf; *±krðyEkid o f nft h ajctaersm;jzpfay:vmum qefpyg;ESihf
tjcm;oD;ESrH sm; txGuEf e_ ;f usqif;awmhonf? t&nftaoG;usqif;qkw, f w k o f mG ;
onf? Ekid if jH cm;ok@d a&mif;csEidk o f nfh t&nftaoG;r&Sad wmhaoma=umifh ra&mif;cs
Ekid ?f ,cktcgwiG f urBmh qefuwfwavmufrsm;wGif jrefrmhqef qdo k nfah 0g[m&
aysmufu, G af e+yDjzpfonf?
(3) "mwfajr=oZmvnf; vHak vmufpmG 0,f,cl iG rhf &&Sjd cif;a=umif/h txGuEf e_ ;f usqif;
onf?
(4) aEGpyg;qdo k nfukd pdu k yf sKd ;=u&mwGif tm%mykid t f zGŒJ rsm;u a&oGi;f Ir&onfah 'o
rsm;Y twif;t=uyfpu kd yf sKd ;apjcif;/ yJtrsKd ;rsKd ;tm; pdu k yf sKd ;Ir&onfah 'oESihf ajr
,mrsm;wGipf u kd yf sKd ;apjcif;a=umihf v,form;rsm;taeESihf vlceG t f m;usqif;jcif;/
u|EJ mG ; cGet f m;ðyef;wD;jcif;/ aiGa=u;t&if;tES;D qH;k ±_;H jcif; tp&So d nfh tedÏm±Hrk sm;ESihf
&ifqidk =f u&onf? jrefrmEdik if YH vlO;D a&. 80µ jzpfonfh awmifov l ,form;xk
onf txl;wvnfepfem=u&onf?
(5)aus;vufa'orsm;wGiaf exkid v f su&f =dS uonfh jynfov l x l o k nf tm%mykid t f zGŒJ
toD;oD;wd@k . vkyif ef;rsKd ;pHt k wGuf twif;t"rR tcrJv h yk t f m;ay;=u&onf? ppf
wyfpu kd yf sKd ;ajrrsm;wGi/f rdr. d vkyif ef; pGe@f y,ftysut f pD;cHI tcrJh xGe, f ufpu kd yf sKd ;
vkyu f idk af y;=u&onf? ppfwyftwGuf ajr±kid ;f rsm;udk tcrJch w k x f iG &f iS ;f vif;ay;=u
183
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&onf? tcsKd Œae&ma'orsm;wGif awmwGi;f aomif;use;f r_ruif;&Si;f qko d nfh t

a=umif;jycsujf zifh rdr. d +cHrsm;/ v,frsm;/ vkyu f u G rf sm;udpk eG @f y,fI tjcm;wae
&mok@d a&GŒajymif;jcif;udck &H onf?
(6) twkcd sKH ;Iwifjy&ygv#if aus;vufaeawmifov l ,form;rsm;. v,f&b dS 0rSm w
csuv f w $ f aus;&Gmtkycf sKyaf &;usiphf OfEiS hf rSm;,Gi;f aom pD;yGm;a&;vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf;rsm;
a=umihf &ufpuf=urf;óuwfaom tajctaeqd;k }u;D jzifh awGŒae=u&onf? v,f,m
pku
d yf sKd ;r_vyk if ef;&yf}uD;wckv;Hk onf tajccHrpS I z±kzd &J òyduu JG sq;kH vsuaf eonf?
8? (u) txufwGifazmfjycJhonfhta=umif;rsm;a=umifh pyg;oD;ESHtxGufE_ef;usqif;+yD;
t&nftaoG; nHzh si;f aeonf? txGuEf e_ ;f udw k ufap&ef awmifov l ,form;rsm;.
b0udjk ri‡ w hf ifay;&efvt kd yfonf? yk*v ~ ud vkyif ef;ykid &f iS rf sm;enf;wl tm%mykid rf sm;
u a'ocHawmifov l ,form;rsm;tm; vkt d yfonft h cGit hf a&;rsm;ay;&ef vkt d yf
onf// txl;ojzifh wESpw f cg oD;pm;pepfuzkd suo f rd ;f ypf&rnf? twif;t"rRvyk f
tm;ay;pepfukd zsuo f rd ;f ypf&rnf? "mwfajr=oZmtvHt k avmuf a&mif;csciG ðhf y
&rnf? awmifov l ,form;rsm;tm; odyeH` nf;us pku d yf sKd ;a&;enf;vrf;rsm;udk vrf;
!¸ejf yo&rnf? t&nftaoG;rD rsKd ;aumif;/ rsKd ;oef@/ rsKd ;aphrsm;azmfxw k af y;&rnf?
(c) jrefrmEkid if w H iG f oD;ESpH u kd yf sKd ;a&;{u (31) oef;cef@&o dS nf[k cef@reS ;f onf? xdrk S awmif
olv,form;rsm; pyg;pdu k yf sKd ;ajr{urSm (16) oef;cef@&o dS nf? ,if;pku d yf sKd ;a&;{u
rsm;wGif t&nftaoG;rD&efEiS hf txGuEf e_ ;f ydrk akd umif;rGev f map&ef yxrqk;H OD;pm;
ay;taejzifh aqmif&u G =f u&rnf? awmifov l ,form;rsm;udk aps;uGupf ;D yGm;a&;rl
ESit hf nD vGwv f yfpmG odak vSmifciG /hf }udwcf cJG iG /hf a&mif;csEidk cf iG ahf y;&rnf? a&mif;csEidk f
cGiqhf o kd nfrmS jynfyESihf jynfwiG ;f ESp&f yfpvH;k twGujf zpfonf? vdt k yfonfh t&if;
tES;D twGuf oifah vsmaf omtwk;d E_e;f jzifh acs;aiGay;&rnf? vGwv f yfpmG pdu k yf sKd ;cGihf
ay;&rnf? qdv k o dk nfrmS qGaJ qmifra_ y;&rnf? vl@obm0t& qGaJ qmifrv _ t kd yf
onf? twif;t"rR enf;vrf;rsm;udk vk;H 0rvkv d m;tyfay// od@k a=umifh txufwiG f
wifjycJo h nft h wdik ;f (31) oef;aom ajr{uESihf (16) oef;aom pyg;pdu k af jr{ursm;
twGuf yk*v ~ u d vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;udak y;xm;onfh tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk vuf&v dS yk u f ikd f
aeaom awmifov l ,form;rsm;tm;ay;&rnf?

9// vuf&pdS u kd yf sKd ;a&;{u (31) oef;twGuf tm%mydik rf sm;u awmifov l ,form;rsm;tm;
aps;uGupf ;D yGm;a&;pepf. tajccHusiphf Ofjzpf&yfwckjzpfaom pD;yGm;a&;rufv;Hk vk;H 0ray;bJ/ rnf
onhyf yhH ;kd r_rsm;udrk #vyk af qmifray;bJ/ ‚if;wk@d vufa&G;pifa&G;cs,x f m;onfh yk*v ~ u
d vkyif ef;ydik &f iS f
rsm;udo
k m tcGit hf a&;trsKd ;rsKd ;ay;xm;onfukd awG@&onf// tqkyd gvyk if ef;ydik &f iS rf sm;tm; tp
yxrY vd#KŒ0Suv f ufoyd x f ;dk I pku
d yf sKd ;&efajr{utajrmuftrsm;udak y;tyfco
hJ nf[k od&onf?
184
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f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
TuJo h @kd aom wdik ;f jynfwjynfv;Hk ESio hf ufqidk o f nfh pku d yf sKd ;a&;vkyif ef;udk trsm;od&ef yGiyhf iG v hf if;
vif;a=unm+yD;/ rdrd rnfr#prG ;f aqmifEidk o f nfh "etiftm;/ wu,fvufawG@ vkyaf qmifEidk o f nfh
tiftm;/ u|r;f usirf _ &S§d r&Sd wk@d tay: rSjD irf;I/ pdu k yf sKd ;ajr{ursm;udk csxm;ay;oifo h nf// Ekid if H
awmf. t"dutusq;Hk obm0t&if;tjrpfjzpfaomajr}uD;ukd xdxad &mufa&muf tusKd ;trsm;
qk;H jzpfxeG ;f &eftwGuf tok;H csa&;udpu P kd t&nftcsi;f jynfrh aD om uGsr;f usio f rl sm;/ oufqikd &f ma'
oudk ud, k pf m;ðyolrsm;wk@d EiS hf tm%mydik w f @dk onf ta=utvnf !dES id_ ;f aqG;aEG;aqmif&u G o f mG ;&
ygrnf?
10// txuftyd'k f (2) wGif yk*v ~ u d vkyif ef;ydik &f iS rf sm;onf tjcm;vuf&ydS ikd &f iS rf sm;. ajrrsm;
udk enf;wrsKd ;rsKd ;jzif&h ,lI ‚if;wk‹d .vkyif ef;cGiaf jr{upm&if;wGif xnfo h iG ;f jcif;rðy&[k azmfjycJo h nf?
od@k aomfvnf; ‚if;xufq;dk 0g;onfh om"uwckudk azmfjyoGm;rnf// ta=umif;t&mrSm ajrvGw/f
ajr±dik ;f rsm;ESihf a&eufuiG ;f azmfxw k jf cif;rsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif awmifov l ,form;
rsm; vuf&v dS yk u
f ikd af eaom a&eufuiG ;f rsm;ESifh tif;/ tkid rf sm;udo k rd ;f ,lI yk*v ~ ud vkyif ef;ydik &f iS f
wk@d ukd ay;tyfjcif;jzpfonf?

11// (u) yJc;l wkid ;f / rif;vSòrdŒe,f taemfbufjcrf;&Sd aus;&Gm (17) &GmrS bd;k bGm;bDbifro d m;pk
tqufqufrv S yk u
f ikd v
f m=uonfh awmifov l ,form;rsm;. v,f,majrrsm;ESihf tif;tdik v f yk f
ief;rsm;jzpfonfh {u (20000) cef@uo kd rd ;f ,l+y;D / yk*v
~ u d vkyif ef;ydik &f iS wf OD;jzpfaom ode;f a&$ ukr% R D
od@k ay;tyfvu dk af =umif; od&&dS onf// od@k a=umifh vuf&v dS yk u f ikd pf m;aomufae=uonfh jynfov l l
xkonf rdryd ikd v f ,f,majrrsm;ESihf tif;/ tdik rf sm; qk;H ±_;H =u+y;D tvkyv f ufrb hJ 0od@k a&muf&o dS mG ;=u
onf? tcsKd ŒrSm v,fuv l b
D 0od@k a&muf=u&onf// tqkyd ga'orsm;wGif toufarG;0rf;a=umif;ðy
p&m tjcm;vkyif ef;[lI vk;H 0r&Sad cs?
(c) tqkyd g tif;/ tkid rf sm;udk vkyif ef;ydik &f iS u f qnfajrmif;OD;pD;XmeESi! hf ESd id_ ;f I a&pD;ajrmif;
rsm;azmfxw k af y;jcif;/ ydwq f @dk jcif;vkyif ef;rsm;udv k yk uf ikd af eonf[k od&ygonf// xkv d yk if ef;rsm;
a=umifh rd;k &moDwiG f a&repfonfah 'orsm;onf a&epfomG ;Ekifd o f nf[k a'ocHjynfov l xl u k pd;k &drf
ae=uonf?

12? yk*v ~ u
d vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;tm; vkyif ef;rsm;twGuf vkt d yfonfah iGa=u;udk b%frsm;rS acs;
,lEidk o
f nf[k od&&dS onf// od@k aqmif&u G vf maomtcgwiG /f pnf;pepfusI rSeu f efaom b%fx;Hk
wrf;pOfvmrsm;.abmifuakd usmv f eG If tjcm;oD;jcm;udp&P yfrsm;wGif txl;tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk
ay;ouJo h @kd txl;tcGit hf a&;ay;ygv#if jrefrmhb%fvyk if ef;ESihf aiGa=u;pepfysurf nfukd pd;k &dr&f
a=umif; od&&dS onf?
13? “··· {u axmifaomif;&Sad om yk*v ~ u
d acwfrvD ,f,mvkyu f uG }f uD;rsm; ay:ayguf
vmrSom v,f,mu¾ odoo d mom zGŒH òz;d wk;d wufvmrSmjzpfouJo
h @kd awmifov l ,form;rsm;
aexkid &f m aus;vufa'orsm;rSmvnf; zGŒH òz;d wd;k wufvmrSmjzpfa=umif; ···” [k tm%mydik rf sm;u

185
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

ajymqkcd yhJ gonf// ,if;ajymqdck suo f nf roJruGJ ajr,mazmfxw k af &;ESihf pku

d yf sKd ;a&;pepfw@dk ukd a&m
axG;Iajymaejcif;jzpfa=umif; xif&mS ;apygonf?
14? (u) aus;vufa'orsm;zGŒH òz;d ap&efrmS vuf&v dS yk u
f ifkd af e=uaom awmifoOl ;D =u;D wk@d tm;
v,f,mpku d yf sKd ;&ef/ ajr{uwk;d cs@J &efyyhH ;kd r_rsm;/ Oyrm/ "mwfajr=oZmrsm;/ vkt d yfonfph u dk yf sKd ;a&;
p&dwrf sm;/ a&vGr;f rd;k jcif;r&Sad p&ef tp&So d nfw@kd twGuf tultnDay;oifyh gonf// txl;wvnf
vdtk yfonft h csurf mS rsKd ;aumif;rdsK;oef@pyg;rdsK;aphrsm;&&S&d efvnf;aumif;/ pdu k yf sKd ;a&;ynm wk;d
wuf&efvnf;aumif;jzpfonf? ‚if;jyif awmifov l ,form;rsm;tm; aps;uGupf ;D yGm;a&;pepft&
wdwu d susaqmif&u G af y;&ef xGuu f ek yf pPn;f rsm;udk jynfyod@k a&mif;csciG ðhf y&efEiS hf v,f,mvkyu f ikd f
ap&ef qGaJ qmifrt _ jynft h 0ay;&ef vkt d yfonf?
(c) tcsKd Œaom rzGŒH òz;d ao;aom Ekid if rH sm;Y ,ckacwftcgwiG f aus;vufwnfaqmufjcif;
vkyif ef;rsm;udk wkid ;f jynftyk cf sKyforl sm;ESifh tjynfjynfqidk &f mvkyif ef;tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;u atmifjrif
pGmaqmif&u G vf su&f o dS nf? ajr/ tk;d / tdr/f a&/ tpm;tpm/ xGe, f ufypPn;f rsm;/ tjcm;vkt d yfcsuf
rsm;jzpfonfh pmoifausmif;rsm;/ vrf;/ a&oG,af jrmif;rsm;udk ay;urf;aqmufvyk af y;I awmifol
v,form;rsm;udk qGaJ qmifra_ y;um rsKd ;aumif;rsKd ;oef@pyg;xGuaf y:vm+y;D pD;yGm;a&;vnf; wk;d wuf
vmapygonf?

15? (u) rnfou l yifpudk pf u

dk /f "mwfajr=oZm vkaH vmufpmG r&&Sv d #iv
f nf;aumif;/ rsKd ;aumif;
rsKd ;oef@rxGuaf y:v#iv f nf;aumif;/ qefnphH yg;nHrh sm;udk jynfyod@k a&mif;csI&Edik rf nfr[kwaf y?
jynfyaps;uGuq f odk nfrmS tjcm;Ekid if rH sm;ESi, hf OS òf ydiI
f a&mif;cs&onf/? tjcm;Ekid if rH sm;. xGuEf e_ ;f
t&nftaoG;rDI qef}udwcf &JG mYvnf; tjcm;Ekid if rH sm;enf;wl pHcsed rf o D mv#if jynfyaps;uGuf
&Srd nf?
(c) yk*v
~ u d vkyif ef;ydik &f iS rf sm;tm; ‚if;wd@k ajr,mrSxu G af y:vmrnfq h efpyg; (50) &mcdik f
E_e;f udk jynfyod@k yd@k Eidk +f yD; usef (50) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f udk jynfwiG ;f wGif a&mif;csciG ðhf yrnf[o k &d onf// od@k
qkdygv#if aiGyifaiG&if; jr‡KyfESHEdkifonfhvkyfief;ydkif&Sifrsm;u tjcm;awmifolv,form;rsm;xHrS
qefpyg;udk 0,f,rl nft h ajctaeray:aygu[ f k rajymqkEd idk yf g? Ttajctae&Sv d mv#if qefpyg;
udk aps;uGuaf yguaf ps;ESi0hf ,f,&l ef ta&;}u;D vSygonf? rw&m;0,f,jl cif;rsm; ay:ayguv f mrnfukd
[ef@wm;/ wm;qD;&ef vkt d yfonf?
(*) ta&;}u;D onft h csuw f csurf mS tm%mydik rf sm;u yk*v ~ u d vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;udk pyg;oD;ESH
pdu k yf sKd ;a&;twGuf ajruGurf sm;ay;tyfjcif;onf pdwu f ;l ,OfprD u
H ed ;f rjzpf&efvo dk nf?

16? owif;=um;od&onfrmS anmifwek ;f òrdŒe,f/ 'g;u aus;&Gma'owGif a&eufuiG ;f a'o

vkyuf ikd cf iG &hf xm;onfh yk*v
~ u
d vkyif ef;ydik &f iS w
f OD;u tcsKd Œawmifov
l ,form;wk@d tm; {u (120)
186
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cef@txdcsxm;ay;onf[k od&onf// ‚if;wk@d onf oufqidk &f mvkyif ef;&Sif vkycf iG &hf onfxuf v,f
ajrudk oD;pm;vkyaf y;&onf[q k ydk gonf// vkt
d yfaom pufu&d , d mrsm;/ pufo;Hk qD/ "mwfajr=oZm
tp&So d nfw@kd ukd vkyif ef;ydik &f iS xf rH 0S ,f,&l rnf// vkt
d yfonfah iGa=u;twGurf l vkyif ef;ydik &f iS x f rH S
acs;,lEikd o
f nf[q k ydk gonf// pyg;xGuaf y:vmv#if w{utwGuf tm%mydik rf sm;od@k wm0efaus
(10) wif; ay;&rnfjzpfonf// usepf yg;udk oufqikd &f mvkyif ef;&Sio f @kd jyifyayguaf ps;xuf 10000d§-
(usywf aomif;) avsmI h a&mif;cs&rnf[k owif;&onf? trSerf mS rvkt d yfonfah cgi;f ykjH zwfpepf
jzpfonf?

17? rnfo@kd yifjzpfap Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifp. D vky&f yfonf a'ocH
jynfov l x
l u
k kd vlra_ &;/ pD;yGm;a&; tcGit hf vrf;rsm;qk;H ±_;H aponf// awmifov l ,form;rsm; v,f
,mrJb h 0od@k a&muf&o dS mG ;aponf? tif;rsm;/ oufu,fawm tp&So d nfrsm; qk;H ±_;H oGm;I/ tvkyf
vufrb hJ 0od@k a&mufaponf/ qif;&Jow l @dk ydrk q
kd if;&JEidk o
f nft
h jyif vlvwfwef;pm; aysmufu, G o f mG ;
Ekid +f yD;/ qif;&JoEl iS fh csr;f omol ESprf sKd ;ESppf m;om &Sad eEkid o f nf? obm0ywf0ef;usif [efcsun f pD mG
xde;f odr;f jcif;vkyif ef;udk urBmESit fh 0Sr;f aqmif&u G af e&mwGif jrefrmEkid if rH yS g0ifvsu&f o dS nf// od@k aomf
,ckvyk af eaom vkyif ef;&yfrsm;a=umifh obm0ywf0ef;usif [efcsuyf su&f ef ta=umif;&So d nf?

18? (u) qefpyg;onf pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;wnf+ird &f efEiS hf xkrd w S qifh Ekid if aH &;wnf+ird &f eftwGuf
ta&;ygvo S nf?
(c) ‚if;jyif xkv d yk if ef;&yfrsm;onf jynfov l x l }k u;D twGi;f t}u;D rm;qk;H tiftm;jzpfonfh
awmifov l ,form;rsm;ESihf vk;H 0oufqidk af ejcif;jzpfonf// TuJo h @kd aom wkifd ;f jynfwjynfv;Hk ESihf
oufqikd o f nfv h yk &f yfrsm;udk jynfov l x l u k ‚if;wk@d u,dk pf m; wkid ;f jynftusKd ;ðyudprP sm;udk aqmif&u G f
&ef 'Dru
kd a&pDusiphf Oft& vGwv f yfIw&m;r#wpGma&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;vku d o
f nfh ud, k pf m;
vS,rf sm;uom aqmif&u G &f rnfu h pd jP zpfonf// ‚if;ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;u jynfoŒl v$waf wmfwiG f
ta=utvnfaqG;aEG;=uI v,f,mu¾rlukd csrw S af y;&rnfjzpfonf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f wefc;l vqef; (9) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f {jyDv (23) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,I
l jzef‹cso
d nf?)

187
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1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 25 (4§99)

rSwcf suf ? ? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,

kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD. 16 /4 / 99 &ufpyJG g a-unmcsut
f rSwf
23 (4 =99) ESihf qufvufI &nf!e$ ;f zwf±y+ g&ef?

1? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (A[d)k od@k pmwapmifay;yd@k &mwGif ay;yd@k ot

l jzpf OD;wifxeG ;f
armiftrnfukd a&;om;xm;onfph mudk 23-4-99 &ufae@wiG f tzGŒJ csKyu f vufc&H &Scd ohJ nf? pmwGif
{+yDv (18) &ufae@pw JG yfxm;onfuakd wGŒ&ygonf// pmygta=umif;t&mrsm;rSm trsKd ;om;'Dru kd
a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEiS hf Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;tm;vk;H óuHawGŒae&aom Edik if aH &;t=uyftwnf;rsm;udk ajz&Si;f
ay;Ekid &f ef t}uHðyjcif;jzpfonf[q k x dk m;ygonf?

2// Tpmudk tzGŒJ csKyfur&rDuyif 'Dru kd a&pDa&;ESihf vlŒtcGit hf a&;rsm;&&S&d ef &nf&, G cf suf
jzifh tzGŒJ csKyf0ifrsm;jzpfvmcJ=h uonfh OD;oef;xGe;f (a';'&J)/ OD;wifxeG ;f armif (r*Fvm'k)H / OD;=unf0if;
(r*Fvm'k)H wk@d onf 'Dru kd a&pDa&;ESihf vlŒtcGit hf a&;rsm; rnfonft h csed tf cgwiG rf # ay:ayguv f map
&ef vk;H 0qENr&Sd rvkv d m;onfh ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ ESiyhf ;l aygi;f +yD; tzGŒJ csKyf.rlrsm;ESihf pnf;vk;H
nD!w G rf u
_ ykd sujf ym;ap&ef rrSerf uefvyk uf ikd af qmif&u G af er_rsm;udk jyif;xefpmG ±_wcf svukd af =umif;jzifh
a=unmcsux f w
k jf yefxm;+yD;jzpfonf?

3? ‚if;pmESiyhf ;l wGI
J “18-4-99 &ufae@pyJG g trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf vuf&ódS uaH wGŒae&
aom Ekid if aH &;t=uyftwnf;ESiyhf wfoufI t}uðH yjcif;pmwrf;tm; axmufct H wnfðyolrsm;pm
&if;” [laomacgi;f pOfjzifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t
f csKd Πvufrw S af &;xk;d xm;aom pm&Guf
(3) &Guyf g&o dS nf? xkad cgi;f pOfukd vufEySd pf ufjzif±h u kd x
f m;aomfvnf;/ &ufpu JG rkd l vufjzifh a&;om;jznfh
pGuxf m;onfukd awGŒ&onf?

4? xkt d csKd Œaom v$waf wmfu,kd pf m;vS,rf sm;. vufrwS &f ,l&eftwGuf OD;oef;xGe;f / OD;wif
xGe;f armif/ OD;=unf0if; wk@d u OD;aqmifum ðyvky=f ujcif;jzpfonf[k =um;od&onf/ v$waf wmfu, kd f
pm;vS,t f m;vk;H eD;yg;rSm txde;f odr;f / tzrf;cH/ tcsKyftaESmifcxH m;=u&+yD;/ rnfonfah e&mudrk #
188
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f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

vGwv
f wG v
f yfvyf oGm;vmEkid cf iG rhf &Syd gbv
J suf xko
d l (3) OD;wGif pdwóf uu
d f oGm;a&mufaqmif&u
G Ef ikd f
onfrmS oufqidk &f mppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;.tultnDjzifh apvGwjf cif;jzpfa=umif; xif&mS ;vSonf?

5// ydrk x
kd if&mS ;onfrmS OD;oef;xGe;f ESihf OD;=unf0if;wk@d onf jynfòrdŒ/ jrefatmifòrdŒ/ ykord /f
ajrmif;jr tp&So d nfòh rŒd rsm;od@k ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tpDtpOfjzifh tcsKd Œud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;. vufrw S f
ud&k ,l&ef oGm;a&mufcahJ =umif; od&&dS onf? jrefatmif&dS tzGŒJ csKyfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;xHomG ;&mY/
,if;ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; vkòH cHa&;wm0ef,x l m;olrsm;u awGŒcGirhf &Sad =umif; OD;oef;xGe;f ESihf
OD;=unf0if;udak jymonft h cg ‚if;wk@d (2) OD;u awGŒqkcH iG ahf y;xm;aompm&Guu f kd xkwjf y+y;D awGŒcGi&hf
onfuakd xmuf±j_ cif;tm;jzifh ‚if;wk@d onf ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;ESihf yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G af =umif; xif&mS ;
onf?

6? tzGŒJ csKyuf vufvrS ;f rDoavmufaom ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk awGŒqk+H y;D / ,if;wk@d uwifjy
xm;aom pmygtcsut f rsm;onf rlvaqG;aEG;pOftcgu yg0ifjcif; &S§d r&Su d kd ar;jref;aqG;aEG;=unfh
&mwGif rlvwifjyxm;onft h csurf sm;ESihf pmwGiyf g0ifonft h csurf sm;rSm uGv J rJG rl sm;&Sad eonfukd
ajym=um;onf// xkd@jyif rlvpmom;wGifryg0ifonfhtcsufrsm;udkvnf; xyfrHjznfhpGuf+yD;
a&;om;xm;onf[k =um;od&onf? Tudpo P nf trSm;ðy&ma&mufygonf? w&m;Oya't& vdrf
vnfvadk om}u&H , G cf suuf o
kd vd suf ðyvkyjf cif;ESihf vdrv
f nfjcif;jzpfI w&m;Oya'vrf;a=umif;t&
ta&;,loifoh vkd tzGŒJ csKyfuta&;,l&efjzpfonf?

7? TpmESiyhf wfoufonfah qmif&u G jf cif;rsm;onf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKy.

f rljzpfonfh
jynfow l @dk . wcJeufqENðyxm;onfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh vGwaf wmfac:,l
ay;a&;udk t[ef@twm;ðyvky&f mvnf;a&mufonf? a&G;aumufyw JG iG f yg0ifta&G;cHcahJ om ud, k pf m;
vS,af vmif;tm;vk;H onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrw S qifh Ekid if .
H wm0efrsm;udx k rf;aqmif&ef oabmwl
nDc&hJ ma&mufonf? xk@d a=umifh jynfowl @kd .qENrjJ zifh a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufcx H m;&aomud, k pf m;
vS,jf zpfvsuEf iS hf TpmESiyhf wfoufaomðyrlcsurf sm;wGiyf g0ifcjhJ cif;onf rJqEN&iS f jynfow l @kd ay:
opPmazmuf&ma&mufonf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f uqkevf qef; (14) &uf//
1999 ckEpS /f {jyDv (28) &uf//

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)
189
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 26 (5 § 99)

1? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfonf w&m;0ifrw S yf w

Hk ifxm;onfh w&m;0if trsKd ;om;Ekid if H
a&;udprP sm;udk jynh0f pGmaqmif&u G yf ikd cf iG &hf adS om Ekid if aH &;ygww D ckjzpfonf? 1990 jynfEh pS f arvY
usi;f ycJah om ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f tjcm;w&m;0ifEidk if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf
twl tzGŒJ csKyfuvnf; yg0if,OS òf ydit f a&G;cHco hJ nf? ,if;a&G;aumufyw JG iG f atmufygy*k Kd~ vf}uD;
rsm;tm; tzGŒJ csKy. f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;tjzpf tzGŒJ csKyu f yg0ifta&G;cs,cf H
apcJoh nf? oufqidk &f mrJqENe,fajrrsm;rS rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l u
k tzGŒJ csKyf. Tud, k pf m;vS,f
avmif;rsm;tm; ‚if;wk@d . vGwv f yfaomoabmqENt& wcJeuf qENraJ y;I jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;tjzpf a&G;cs,cf =hJ uonf? Tyk*K~ v d }f u;D rsm;onf oufqidk &f mrJqENe,fajrtoD;
oD;. jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tjzpf ta&G;cs,cf &H a=umif; tm%mydik w f @dk u Ekid if aH wmf
jyefwrf;wGif w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf?

2? od@k jzpfygvsuf tm%mydik rf sm;u urBmEh idk if t H oD;oD;. a&G;aumufyq JG idk &f m Oya'/ vkyx f ;Hk
vkyef nf; tpOftvmrsm;udrk suu f ,G ðf yIvnf;aumif;/ jrefrmEkid if H Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; rSwyf w Hk ifjcif;
Oya'ESihf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'jyÏmef;csurf sm;udq k ef@usiI f vnf;aumif;/ w&m;
Oya' pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf jynforl sm;u Oya'udv k u kd ef maom tavhtusiyhf sd K;axmifay;jcif; tp&So d nfh
tajccHw&m;pD&ifa&;rlrsm;udk rsuu f ,G ðf yqef@usiv f suvf nf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyw JG iG t
f Ekid &f &Sd
xm;aom w&m;0ifjynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk t,kt H =unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmh
a=umif;qko d nfh Oya'rJh tESpo f m&r&So d nfv h yk &f yfrsm;udk oufqidk &f mjynfov l x l tk m; twif;
t"rR w&m;rJh +cdr;f ajcmuf+yD; atmf[pfvyk u f ikd af pcJo
h nf?

3? ,if;vky&f yfrsm;onf jrefrmEkid if .

H w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;[lonf tESpo f m&uif;rJah e
a=umif; az: jyaejcif;jzpfonfjh yif/ tm%mydik rf sm;u tm%mukt d vGet f u|oH ;Hk +y;D rdrw
d @dk u,
kd w
f idk f
Oya'csKd ;azgu±f rHk #ru jynfov l x
l u
k kd Oya'csKd ;azguef nf; oif=um;ay;aejcif;jzpfonf? jynfol
trsm; tusiphf m&dwyW sujf ym;um r[kwrf rSerf w&m; vkyaf qmifvmatmif oif=um;ay;aejcif;
jzpfonf? trSepf ifppftm;jzifh Tvky&f yfrsm;onf vk;H 0w&m;r0ifjcif;a=umifh w&m;Oya't&
vk;H 0xd&mufrr_ &So d nfjh yif vufawGŒaqmif&u G Ef ikd rf r_ &Sad =umif;/ jynfovl x
l tk rsm;pku od&edS m;
190
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

vnf+yD;jzpfonf? ,if;vky&f yfrsm;onf w&m;Oya'abmifuakd usmv

f eG af eonfOh ya'udk ausmf
eif;onfh jypfra_ jrmufaomvky&f yfrsm;omjzpfonf?

4? Todk@ vlpkvla0;jzifhpk±kH;I a[majymjcif;/ [pfatmfaºuG;a=umfjcif;ðyvkyfEkdifjcif;rSm

txuftm%mydik t f qifq h ifh oabmwlciG ðhf ycsuaf =umifo h m ðyvkyEf idk jf cif;jzpfonf? tb,f
a=umifq h adk omf ,cif Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ vufxufuxkwjf yefcahJ om
(18-9-88) &ufpyJG g trde@f trSwf -2§88 onf ,ae@widk f zsuo f rd ;f jcif;r&Sad o;ay? ,if;trde@f .
tyd'k f (1)/ tyd'k cf JG (c) wGif vl (5) a,mufEiS v hf l (5) a,muftxuf ydI k pka0;+yD; a[majymjcif;/
[pfatmfaºuG;a=umfjcif;rðy&[kyg&o dS nf? xk@d a=umifh ,ckðyvkyaf eaom tzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynf
olŒv$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh vlpv k al 0;jzifh a[majym/
[pfatmfaºuG;a=umfaejcif;rsm;onf wnfqt J rde@f tm%mudk zDqefI ðyvkyaf ejcif;jzpfonf? T
vky&f yfrsm;udk tm%mydik w f @dk uvufcaH ejcif;onf tjcm; rdrw d @kd .=oZmcHvufyg;ap rnforl qkd
tvm;wlðyvkycf iG &hf o dS nf[k t"dyg` ,o f ufa&mufonf?

5? ,cktcgwiG f wnfqOJ ya'/ pnf;rsO;f / pnf;urf;rsm;onf tm%mydik w f @dk . tm%mtvGef

tu|H tok;H ðyr_atmufwiG f ykyH suyf ef;ysujf zpfum Oya't&mwGif wef;wl&rnf[al om jynfojl ynf
om;wk@d .&ydik cf iG rhf sm;aysmufq;Hk vsuf Edik if aH wmfY Oya'pd;k rd;k r_ ysujf ym;aeonfukd rnforl # rjiif;
Ekdifawmhay?

6? w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ysujf ym;r_atmufwiG f tzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl vGwaf wmfu, kd f

pm;vS,}f u;D rsm;tm; t,kt H =unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif; qko
d nfh t"rRvyk }f uyH rJG sm;ESihf
xkvd yk }f uyH rJG sm;udk yl;aygi;f }uHpnfvyk af qmifc=hJ uaomolrsm;onf Oya'udak usmef if;vkyaf qmifol
rsm;jzpfa=umif; azmfjyvku d of nf?

7? (u) rE aW v;wdik ;f / ausmufyef;awmif;òrdŒe,f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (2)/

trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifvw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,/f OD;aiGxeG ;f tm; t,kt H =unfr&S/d
vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh vlp+k y;D atmf[pfcikd ;f aom Oya'rJv h yk &f yfukd azaz:0g&v
D (15)
&ufae@uðyvkycf ahJ =umif; 16-4-99 ae@xw k o f wif;pmrsm;Y azmfjycJo h nf?
(c) {&m0wDwidk ;f / armfvòrdiuf sG e;f òrdŒe,f/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrq J ENe,f trSwf (1) trsKd ;
om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;vSaztm; t,kt H =unfr&Sd
vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh vlp+k y;D atmf[pfcidk ;f aom Oya'rJv h yk &f yfukd rwfv (19) &uf
ae@u ðyvkycf ahJ =umif; 17-4-99 &ufae@xw k o f wif;pmrsm;Y azmfjycJo h nf?
(*) {&m0wDwdkif;/ uef}uD;axmihfòrdŒe,f/ jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f trSwf(2)/
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&DtzGJ@csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;vS=unftm;
t,kt H =unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qdo k nfh vlp+k y;D atmf[pfcidk ;f aom Oya'rJh vky&f yfukd
191
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

rwfv (19) &ufae@u ðyvkycf ahJ =umif; (17-4-99) &ufae@xw k o f wif;pmrsm;Y azmfjycJo h nf?
(C) {&m0wD w d k i f ; / jref a tmif ò rd @ e,f / jynf o l Œ v$ w f a wmf r J E N e ,f t rS w f (2)/
trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;jrifo h % d ;f tm; t,kt H
=unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif; qko d nfh vlp+k y;D atmf[pfcikd ;f aom Oya'rJv h yk &f yfukd rwfv
(19) &ufae@u ðyvkycf ahJ =umif; (17-4-99) &ufae@xw k of wif;pmrsm;Y azmfjycJo h nf//
(i) {&m0wDwidk ;f / yef;waemfòrdŒe,f/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (1)/ trsKd ;om;
'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f a'guw f mwifrif;xGËt f m; t,kH
t=unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh vlp+k y;D atmf[pfcidk ;f aom Oya'rJv h yk &f yfukd rwfv
(19) &ufae@u ðyvkycf ahJ =umif; (17-4-99) &ufae@xw k of wif;pmrsm;Y azmfjycJo h nf?
(p) {&m0wDwidk ;f / usKd ufvwfòrŒd e,f/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmf rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ trsKd ;om;
'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;wif0if;tm; t,kt H =unfr&S/d
vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh vlp+k y;D atmf[pfcidk ;f aom Oya'rJv h yk &f yfukd rwfv (19) &uf
ae@u ðyvkycf ahJ =umif; (17-4-99) &ufae@xw k o f wif;pmrsm;Y azmfjycJo h nf?
(q) rE aW v;wkid ;f / EGm;xk;d }u;D òrŒd e,f/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmf rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/ trsKd ;om;'Drkd
ua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;yef;omtm; t,Ht k =unfr&S/d vk;H 0
raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh vlp+k yD;atmf[pfcidk ;f aom Oya'rJv h yk &f yfukd azaz:0g&v D (21)
&ufae@u ðyvkycf ahJ =umif; (18-4-99) &ufae@xw k o f wif;pm;rsm;Y azmfjycJo h nf?
(Z) rE aW v;wdik ;f / ykord }f u;D òrŒd e,f/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmf rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ trsKd ;om;'Drkd
ua&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;pHvaS bmftm; t,Ht k =unfr&S/d
vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh vlp+k y;D atmf[pfcidk ;f aom Oya'rJv h yk &f yfukd {+yv D (3) &ufae@
u ðyvkycf ahJ =umif; (19-4-99) &ufae@xw k o
f wif;pmrsm;Y azmfjycJo h nf?
(ps) rGejf ynfe,f/ aygiòf rŒd e,f/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmf rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;^m%f0if;tm; t,Ht k =unfr&S/d vk;H 0r
axmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh vlp+k yD;atmf[pfcidk ;f aom Oya'rJv h yk &f yfukd {+yDv (8) &ufae@u
ðyvkycf ahJ =umif; (25-4-99) &ufae@xw k f owif;pmrsm;Y azmfjycJo h nf?
(n) rGejf ynfe,f/ aygiòf rŒd e,f/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmf rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;Ekid af omif;!Ge@f tm; t,Ht k =unfr&S/d vk;H 0
raxmufcaH wmha=umif; qko d nfh vlp+k y;D atmf[pfcidk ;f aom Oya'rJv h yk &f yfukd {+yv D (10) &ufae@u
ðyvkycf ahJ =umif; (26-4-99) &ufae@xw k o f wif;pmrsm;Y azmfjycJo h nf?
(Ë) yJc;l wdik ;f / om,m0wDòrdŒe,f/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (1) ESihf trSwf (2)/
trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uaom OD;pH0if;
ESihf OD;armifat;wk@d tm; t,Ht k =unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh vlp+k yD; atmf[pf
ckid ;f aom Oya'rJv h yk &f yfukd {+yvD (9) &ufae@u ðyvkycf ahJ =umif; (27-4-99) &ufae@xw k o f wif;pm
rsm;Y azmfjycJo h nf?

192
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

(X) yJc;l wdik ;f / ewfwvif;òrŒd e,f/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmf rJqENe,ftrSw(f 2)/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd
a&pDtzGŒJ csKy.f w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;apmpdex
f eG ;f tm; t,Ht k =unfr&S/d vk;H 0
raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh vlp+k y;D atmf[pfcidk ;f aom Oya'rJv h yk &f yfukd rwfv (7) &ufae@u
ðyvkycf ahJ =umif; (16-4-99) &ufae@xw k f owif;pmrsm;Y azmfjycJo h nf?

8? txufygazmfjyyg Oya'ausmef if;r_rsm;wGif yl;aygi;f }uHpnfvyk af qmifc=hJ uaom olrsm;

rSm-
- obmywdqo kd rl sm; -
- tcrf;tem;rª;qdo k rl sm; -
- qENaz:xkww f ifjyonfqo dk rl sm; -
- vufrwS xf ;dk rSww f rf;qdo k nfukd ay;tyfonfqo dk rl sm; -
- rSww
f rf;qkod nfuv kd ufco H nfh oufqidk &f mòrdŒe,frsm;rS òrdŒe,f ygwpD 'Hk rD u
kd a&pD
taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sif tzGŒJ 0ifqo kd rl sm; -
- oufqidk &f mtm%mydik t f zGŒJ tpnf;toD;oD;rScikd ;f apolrsm; -

9? ,if;vky&f yfrsm;a=umifh urBmu

h v
k or*~tzGŒJ 0if Ekid if w
H Ekid if t
H aejzifv
h nf;aumif;/ ,Of
aus;r_tpOftvm}uD;rm;aom vlrsdK;wrsdK;taejzifhvnf;aumif; urBmhtv,fwGif jrefrm.
*k%o
f ud mQ onf vGepf mG rSusqif;&ayonf?

10? Tolrsm;uJoh ‹dk trsKd ;om;a&;*k%o f u

d mQ udk vpfvsL±_/ Ekid if o
H rdik ;f wefz;dk udk vpfvsL±_/
Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;udk vpfvsL±_/ rdrdvkyfaomtvkyf. taumif;tqkd;udkrodjrif/ trSeftrSm;udk
rawG;awm/ twdw/f ypPKy`e/f tem*wfw@kd . qufE, G rf u
_ t
kd av;rxm;bJ/ xif&mpdik ;f vky&f yfrsm;
udk rnfonft h a=umif;a=umifEh iS rhf # yg0ifvyk af qmifjcif;rðyvkyrf =d uap&ef jynfov l x l Ek iS hf rsKd ;quf
opfvil ,frsm;tm; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDu arwWm&yfcEH ;d_ aqmftyfygonf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f uqkev
f qkwf (6) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f arv (5) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf//

193
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 27 (5§99)

1? ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / 'Dy,

J if;òrŒd e,f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf (2)/ trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pD
tzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;0if;jrifah tmiftm; t,Ht k =unfr&S/d vk;H 0
raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh vlwpkatmf[pfyv JG yk af qmif&ef tm%mydik rf sm;u oufqidk &f m
jynfov l xl tk ay: vdrv f nft=uyfuikd af ea=umif; owif;&&So d nf?

2? oufqidk &f mtm%mydik w f @dk . Oya'udak usmef if;onhv f yk &f yfuðkd yvkyEf idk &f ef t"du yl;aygi;f
}uHpnfvyk af qmifaeolrsm;rSm Oya't& Ekid if aH &;ESiyhf wfoufI ðyvkycf iG rhf &Sad om/ ,if;òrdŒe,f
=uH§› zGŒH toif;rS OD;0if;ode;f / OD;csp&f ef/ OD;vSrif;/ OD;ausmrf if;/ &,u OuUÏ OD;atmif&/ aus;&Gm
t&Hr;D owftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;jzpfonf[k od&&dS onf?

3? ,if;wk@d onf 21-3-99 &ufae@u &yfuu G Ef iS hf aus;&Gmrsm;twGi;f wtdrw f ufqif;

0ifa&muf+yD;/ rSwyf wHk ifv&J efEiS hf tem}uD;a&m*gwu
dk zf suaf &;pDrcH sutf wGu[f q k u
dk m ykpH pH m&Guf
rsm;wGif vufrw S af &;xk;d apckid ;f onf[k =um;od&onf?

4? 23-3-99 &ufae@wiG f e*g;wGi;f aus;&GmY }u§›H zGŒH toif;rS OD;ausmrf if;/ 'k&t
J yk f ausmx f ;l
vGi/f v0u 0efxrf; OD;jrifx h eG ;f wk@d u &Gmom;rsm;tm; tdraf xmifppk m&if;rsm;,lvm=u&ef apcdik ;f +y;D /
touf (18) ESpjf ynf+h y;D olrsm;pm&if;udu k ;l ,lI rnfonft
h a=umif;jycsurf #rajymbJ/ vufrw S af &;
xk;d ckid ;f onf[k od&&dS onf?

5? 24-3-99 &ufae@wiG f 'Dy, J if;òrŒd r&yfuuG Ef iS hf v,fawmf&yfuu G wf @dk Y }u§›H zGŒH toif;0if
OD;vSyEkd iS hf OD;wk;d wd@k u/ q,ftrd af cgi;f rsm;rSwqifh wtdrw f a,muf tdraf xmifppk m&if;,lvm&ef
qifah c:aponf[k od&onf? ta=umif;jycsurf mS aq;ausmif;om;rsm;vmrnf[q k o dk nf? xkd
aemuf ykpH pH m&Guw f iG v f ufrw S af &;xk;d cdik ;f onf? vufrw S rf a&;xk;d olrsm;ESihf rvma&muforl sm;
ud,k pf m;/ ‚if;wd@k u, kd w
f idk f vufrw S af &;xk;d ,lomG ;a=umif; owif;=um;od&onf?

194
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

6? tjcm;aus;&Gmtkypf rk sm;wGiv
f nf; tvm;wl qufvufaqmif&u
G af ea=umif; =um;od
&onf?

7? Todk@aom Oya'rJhvkyf&yfrsm;udkcGifhðyjcif;/ vkyfaqmifjcif;wkd@a=umifh/ Oya'pkd;rdk;a&;

[laom tESpo f m&. t"dyg` ,yf supf ;D aponf? w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;[lonf w&m;Oya'. um
uG,af pmifah &Smufru _ kd wkid ;f oljynfom;rsm; wef;wl&nfw&l &Sjd cif;ESihf jyÏmef;xm;aomOya'ESihf
tnDw&m;pD&ifjcif;jzpfonf? tm%mydik rf sm;u vuf0,f&&Sx d m;onfw h &m;Oya'udk tvGef
tu|o H ;kH Iaomfvnf;aumif;/ wvGo J ;Hk Ivnfaumif; rvkv d m;aomyk*K~ v
d /f tzGŒJ tpnf;tm; zdEydS /f
t=uyfuikd /f +cdr;f ajcmuf/ ta&;,lr_ ðyjcif;wk@d onf w&m;Oya' ysujf ym;jcif;jzpfonf?
8? tm%mydik t f qifq h ifw
h @dk taejzifh Ekid if o
H rdik ;f udk trSew f u,fwefz;kd xm;jcif;/ wkid ;f jynf
ESiv
hf rl sK;d tay: tppftrSecf spjf rwfE;dk jcif;&Syd gu rdrw d idk ;f oljynfom;rsm;tm; wvGv J rf;jyjcif;ESihf
Oya'rJv h rf;!$ejf cif;rsm;udk vk;H 0rvky=f u&ef wku d w f eG ;f vduk of nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f uqkev
f jynfah usmf (7) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f arv (6) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf)

195
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 28 (5§99)

rSwcf suf ? ? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD a-unmcsut f rSwf 23 (4/99)ESihf

trSwf 25 (4 /99)wkŒd ESihf qufvufzwf&y+ g&ef// txufyg a-unmcsurf sm;ESiyhf wfoufI
(tusO;f uscH trsKd ;om;Edik if aH &;tiftm;pk) qko d rl sm;u rSwcf suðf yxm;csurf sm;udk odom&ef
jzefŒjzL;vdkufonf?

(p) oifw@dk onf 1990jynfEh pS /f arvu usi;f ycJo h nfh ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;
aumufyw JG iG f a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufc&H aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uonf? xkd
a&G;aumufy}JG u;D onf 1988 ckEpS /f 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}Hk u;D ESit hf wl Edik if w H 0Sr;f vk;H &Sd &[ef;/ &Siv
f /l
ausmif;om;jynfow l &yfv;Hk . touf/ aoG;/ ac|;wk@d jzift h &if;wnf+yD;rSay:ayguv f m&aom a&G;
aumufy}JG uD;jzpfonf? a&G;G aumufyw JG iG f jynfov l x l }k uD;u 'Dru kd a&pDa&;/ vlŒtcGihf ta&;rsm;udk
tjynft h 0tmrcHaom tem*wf'rD u kd a&pDEidk if aH wmf ay:xGe;f vma&;twGuf óud;yrf;aqmif&u G f
&ef rdrw d @dk EiS hf rdrw d @dk . e,fajra'otoD;oD;tm;ud, k pf m;ðyonfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f
rsm;udk taESmuft,Su/f tcuftcJtrsKd ;rsKd ;=um;rS a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufay;cJ=h uonf?
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; wnf&adS ejcif;ESit hf wl jynfo@l vw $ af wmfvnf; &S&d ay
rnf? ,ck a&G;aumufy+JG yD;cJo h nfrmS (9) ESpcf ef@ &Scd yhJ g+yD? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfum; ay:rvmao;ay?
a&G;aumufyu JG u kd si;f yay;cJo h nfh ppftpd;k &uvn;f ‚if;wk@d ay;xm;onfu h wdu0wfrsm;udk t}urd f
}udrcf sKd ;azguI f / jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lay;&rnfw h m0efukd ysuu f u G cf ohJ nf? xk@d a=umifh tzGŒJ csKyf
ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;ygwD tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;yl;aygi;f I jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:xGe;f a&;udk pGr;f pGr;f wrH
óud;yrf;aqmif&u G af e=uonf?
,ae@tcsed t f xd Edik if w H 0Sr;f vk;H &Sd tusO;f axmifrsm;wGif oifw@dk EiS hf wcsed w f nf; a&G;cs,w f if
ajrm‡ ufccH &hJ aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf ESyd pf uf!OS ;f yef;r_ trsKd ;rsKd ;udk cHae&qJ
jzpfonf? tusO;f axmifrsm;twGi;f Y ppftpd;k &vufcsujf zifh toufq;Hk ±_;H cJ&h aom jynfo@l vw $ f
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;. t±d;k rsm;onf raqG;ao;yg? ‚if;wk@d rdom;pkrsm;rSmvnf; óuaH wGŒae&onfh
'kurQ sKd ;pkrH S rvGwaf o;yg? ,ae@tcsed Yf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:xGe;f vma&;twGuf òrdŒe,ftoD;
oD;&Sd tcsKyfcef;rsm;/ tusO;f axmifrsm;wGif ppftpd;k &xH 'l;raxmuftnHrh cHbJ ZG/J owWd cdik rf mpGm
jzifh }uH}› uHc› &H yfwnfaeaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f trsm;tjym;yif&adS e=uonf? xdu k hJ
od@k owWad jymifajrmufpmG jzifh jynfov l x l t k wGuf opPmapmifo h ad e=uaom/ jynfoŒl bufu&yfwnf
ae=uaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;udk av;pm;*k%, f yl gonf?

196
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

oifw@kd rmS um; ud, k u f , kd w f ikd u

f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfygvsuEf iS hf jynfou l kd
rsuEf mS raxmuf/ opPmazguu f m jynfov l xl . k tusKd ;pD;yGm;rsm;udk taumiftxnfaz:ay; onfh
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:xGe;f a&;udk zsuq f ;D zd@k óud;pm;=uonf? jynfov l xl u k kd rw&m;onfeh nf;
trsKd ;rsKd ;oH;k I EdyS pf uf!OS ;f yef;&ufpufaeaom ppftm%m&Siw f @kd tóuduf vkyaf qmifay;=uonf?
ppfaxmufveS ;f a&;wd@k . vufuikd w f w k t f jzpf aqmif&u G af y;=uonf? ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;wd@k .
vufuikd w f w k f aemufvu kd rf sm;tjzpf vdu k yf gaqmif&u G =f uonf? oifw@kd tm; jynforl sm;rS jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tjzpf a&G;cs,af y;cJjh cif;onf jynfow l &yfv;kH tm%m&Sipf epfatmuf
rSvw G af jrmufa&;ESihf jynfov l x l .k Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlral &; t=uyftwnf;rsm;udk ajz&Si;f
aqmif&u G af y;&eftwGujf zpfonf? oifw@kd . ud, k u
f sKd ;pD;yGm;/ oifw@kd .vGwv f yfrt _ wGuf jynfol
udck w
k ;kH vkyI f jynfow l @kd .ar#mv f ifch suu f /kd vdv k m;csurf sm;udk eif;acsypf&ef/ zsuq f ;D ypf&ef r[kwf
acs? ,ckrl oifw@kd onf "g;jyESiahf ygi;f I ud, k rhf b
d tdru f kd "m;jy jyefwu kd o
f rl sm;jzpfonf? tvGerf yS if
atmufwef;usI &Supf &maumif;vSonf? vl,w k rf mwd@k .vky&f yfjzpfonf? 'Dru kd a&pDta&òcH
tm%m&Siv f ufyg;aprsm;jzpf=uonf? oifw@kd EiS hf oifw@kd vyk &f yfrsm;tm; u|Eyfk w f @kd rS jyif;xefpmG
±_wcf svu kd of nf?
oifw@kd onf jynfov l w $ af wmfay:xGe;f a&;udk rnfo@kd yifzsuq f ;D apumrl/ jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfonf ay:xGe;f vm&rnfrmS rvGrJ aoGyifjzpfonf? (qH;k )

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f uqkev
f jynfah usmf (7) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f arv (6) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 29 (5§99)

1? OD;oef;xGe;f (a';'&JòrŒd e,f/ {&m0wDwikd ;f / tzGŒJ csKyfrS xkwyf ,fxm;ol)/ OD;wifxeG ;f armif/
OD;=unf0if;ESihf OD;xGe;f a&$ (tzGŒJ csKyfwm0efrS ,m,D&yfqikd xf m;olrsm;) av;OD;wd@k onf 11-5-99
&ufae@/ t*F gae@wiG f owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGw J &yfðyvky=f urnf[k =um;od&onf?
197
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

2? xduk ohJ @kd owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGðJ yvkyEf idk &f efrmS ,if;wd@k tm; ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;
. tpDtpOft& cGiðhf ycsurf &bJ rnfonfeh nf;ESirhf # usi;f yIrjzpfEidk af y? xd@k jyif ,if;wd@k a&;om;
onfh tzGŒJ csKy.
f rlEiS qhf ef@usiaf ompmESiyhf wfoufI oabmwlaxmufcx H m;onf[k qdo k l tcsKd Œwd@k
tm;vnf; owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGo J @kd ,if;wd@k EiS t
hf wl wufa&muf&ef vdu kf v
f pH nf;±H;k ac:aqmifae
onf[v k nf; owif;rsm;=um;od&onf?

3? v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f OD;.tdro

f @kd OD;xGe;f a&$ ESihf OD;wifxeG ;f armifw@kd oGm;a&muf
um/ 4if;tm; xdak e@&ufwiG u f si;f yrnfo
h wif;pm&Si;f vif;yGo J @kd wufa&muf&efac:onf[k owif;&
onf? tvm;wlyif tjcm;olrsm;tm;vnf;wufa&muf&ef ‚if;wd@k .aetdrrf sm;od@k vnf;aumif;/
zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f uef@owfxm;onfah e&mrsm;od@k vnf;aumif; oGm;a&mufac:aqmif=uonf[k
owif;&onf?

4? Tonfuadk xmuf±j_ cif;tm;jzifh xdak v;OD;wd@k onf tqdyk gvw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;
&Sdaeonfh/ ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;tzGJŒ0ifwdk@. tapmifhta&Smuf/ tuef@towf/ tcsKyftcs,f
atmufwiG af e&aom tdr/f ae&mrsm;od@k oGm;a&mufpnf;±H;k ac:Edik cf iG &hf o dS nfrmS ppfaxmufvrS ;f
a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;.cGiðhf yjcif;a=umifo
h m vkyk af qmifEidk =f ujcif; jzpfayonf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f uqkev
f jynfah usmf (8)&uf?
1999 ckEpS /f arv (7)&uf?

rSwcf suf ? ? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD a-unmcsut

f rSwf 23 (4 = 99)/
25 (4 = 99)/ 28(5 = 99) wdŒk ESihf qufvufzwf±y+ g&ef?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,l jzef‹cso
d nf?)
198
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 30 (5§99)

pmayxkwaf 0a&;vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;rS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,

kd pf m;jyKaumfrwD OuUXxHoŒkd
(7 / 5 /99) &ufaeŒu ay;ydŒk onf pmygta-umif;t&mrsm;udk odom&ef jzefŒa0vdu k o f nf?

(p) u|eaf wmfrsm; pmaye,fy,fwiG f jzpfay:aeaom tajctaet&yf&yfukd vl}uD;rif;wd@k

odomEdik &f ef/ vkt d yfovdk ulnaD qmif&u G af y;Edik &f eftwGuf wifjytpD&ifct H yfygonf? ,ckvuf&dS
ppftm%mydik rf sm;. cdik ;f ap!¸e=f um;csut f & pmaypdppfa&;tzGŒJ rS rlvw G af bmifvw G jf zifh pmtkyf
xkwaf 0a&;/ r*~Zif;/ *sme,fxw k af 0a&;rsm;udk pHepfwus zsuq f ;D / aESmuf,u S af e=uygonf? r*~Zif;/
*sme,f pmtkypf mwrf;toD;oD;udk yHpk t H rsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh pmaypdppfa&;od@k wifjy&ygonf? vpOfxw k f
r*~Zif;rsm;ESihf tygwpf Ofxw k *f sme,frsm;udrk l pmtkypf mapmiftjzpfo@kd ±du k Ef ySd cf sKyfvyk +f yD;rS pmay
pdppfa&;od@k wifjy&ygonf? tjcm;vk;H csi;f pmtkyrf sm;udrk l ykEH ydS jf cif;rðyvkyrf D vufEydS pf uf±u kd f pmrlt
qifjh zifh pdppfa&;od@k wifjy&ygonf// pmrltqifh óudwif wifjy&aomtrsKd ;tpm;rsm;wGif rw&m;
csKyfcs,/f [ef@wm;/ aESmuf,u S rf r_ sm; &Syd if&jdS im;aomfvnf; wifjyvdak omta=umif;t&m pmom;
rsm;udk y,fzsucf &H onfrv S IJG aiGa=u;t& qH;k ±_;H epfemr_r&SEd ikd yf g? pmtkypf mapmiftjzpf aiGa=u;us
cH+y;D / ±du
k Ef ySd cf sKyfvyk +f y;D rSwifjy&aom vpOfxw k rf *~Zif;rsm;ESihf tygwpf Ofxw k *f sme,f pmapmifrsm;
twGurf l rsm;pGmrSepfemvSygonf?

r*~Zif;wtkyu f kd +yD;pD;atmifaqmif&u G I
f pmaypdppfa&;od@k wifjyaomtcg [k, d cifu
pdppfa&;rSqifqmjzwfawmufaom rvkv d m;aompmrlEiS hf pma=umif;/ pmyd'k w f @dk tm; qkw+f zJI
jzpfap/ aiGa&mifrifjzifzh ;Hk tkyI f jzpfap ðyvky±f rHk #jzifh jzef@cscd iG &hf &Syd gaomfvnf; ,ckrl pdppfa&;tzGŒJ rS
qifqmðyvkyyf ,fzsucf idk ;f aompmrl/ pma=umif;/ pmyd'k w f @dk tm; y,fzsux f m;rSe;f rod&atmif jyef
vnfI tpm;xk;d ±ku d Ef ydS I
f / csKyvf yk +f y;D pmtkyrf sm;tm;jyefIðzwf/ tpm;xk;d xnf/h jyefcsKyf tp&So d jzifh
pDraH qmif&u G af y;&ygonf? pmaypdppfa&;rS y,fzsuf tpm;xk;d ±du k Ef ydk +f yD;ygu axmufvrS ;f a&;rS
xyfrq H wk +f zJcidk ;f xyfqifv h yk vf mygonf? xkwaf 0olrsm;rSm rdat;ESpcf gemjzpf&ygonf? xk@d a=umifh
pmtkyrf sm;xGu&f ufrrSeaf wmhbJ tcsed /f vltm;/ aiGtm; rsm;pGmqk;H ±_;H &ygonf?
199
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

r=umao;rDu a':atmifqef;pk=unf. cifyeG ;f a'guw f mrdu

k u
f ,ft&J pf(pf) uG,v f eG f
tedpaP &muf&jdS cif;twGuf 0rf;enf;jcif;trSww f &vufurf;pmapmifwiG f yg0ifa&;om;=uaom
uAsmq&m}u;D §i,f (7) a,muf. pmrlrsm;ygvmaom r*~Zif;rsm;/ *sme,frsm; txdemcJ&h ygonf?
aemufaemif rok;H pG&J efvnf; }urd ;f armif;cH=u&ygonf? ukeu
f ek af jym&ygv#if vuf&dS r*~Zif;/ pmapmif
rsm;wGif txufyguAsmq&m (7) OD;. trnfemryifv#if y,fzsucf &H ygonf?

Tonfrsm;rSm urBmu h v
k or*~tzGŒJ }uD;. tjynfjynfqidk &f mvlŒtcGit hf a&; a=unmpm
wrf; tyd'k f (19) yg tcsurf sm;udk ajymifajymifwif;wif; csKd ;azguaf ejcif;jzpfygonf? trsKd ;om;
'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEiS ahf omfvnf;aumif;/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS ahf omfvnf;
aumif;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS ahf omfvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;jcm;aom 'Dru dk a&pDEiS hf vlŒtcGit
hf a&;
wkud yf 0JG ifaeaom vly*k K~ v d /f tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;ESiahf omfvnf;aumif; tenf;i,fr# yg0ifywfouf/
qufE, G rf yd gu tòi;d w}u;D jzifh vufw@Hk jyef/ zdEydS /f [ef@wm;/ aESmuf,u S /f 'kuaQ y;aejcif;udk e,fy,f
toD;oD;rS jynfojl ynfom;tm;vk;H qif;&J}uD;pGmcHpm;ae&ygonf//” (qk;H )

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f e,kev
f qef; (4) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f arv (18) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1990jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkukd,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrDwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 31 (5§99)

1? trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyof nf/ w&m;0iftrsKd ;om;Ekid if aH &;udprP sm;ukd jynf0h pGmaqmif
&GuEf idk cf iG &hf adS om/ w&m;0ifEikd if aH &;ygwjD zpfonf? 1990jynfEh pS /f arvY w&m;0ifusi;f ycJah om
ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f w&m;0ifEidk if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESit
fh wl w&m;0if/ ,SOòf ydif
ta&G;cHco hJ nf?
200
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

2? tzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;jzpfaom/ a'guw f mode;f vGio f nf/
rdwv dW mòrŒd e,f/ trSwf (2) rJqENe,fr/S w&m;0if/ 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid t f a&G;cHco hJ nf? rJqEN&iS f jynfol
vlx. k wcJeufaxmufcq H ENraJ y;r_a=umihf ckid v f rHk J (28913) rJ&mckid Ef e_ ;f (62²09) jzifh ta&G;cs,f
cHc&hJ onf? ok@d twGuaf =umifh a'guw f mode;f vGio f nf w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
jzpfa=umif;uk/d tm%mykid w f @dk u/ Ekid if aH wmfjyefwrf;wGif w&m;0if xnfo h iG ;f a=unmxm;+y;D jzpfonf?

3? ok@d ygvsuEf iS fh Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm; rSwyf w

Hk ifjcif;Oya'/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'
jyÏmef;csurf sm;ESifh trde@f trSw-f 2§88 wk@u d dk qef@usif csKd ;azguu
f m/ 10-5-99 &ufae@u/ w&m;
0if v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f a'guw f mode;f vGit f m;/ t,kt H =unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;
qkod nfh tm%mykid w f @kd . ckid ;f apcsut f &ðyvkyo f nfh Oya't& tESpo f m&r&So
d nfh t"rR/ Oya'rJh
vky&f yfuvdk w
l pkuðyvkycf =hJ uonf?

4? arGtyk pf /k qnfuek ;f &Gm/ bk&m;ig;ql bk&m;uke;f awmfay: Y ðyvkyo f nfh w&m;0ifjynfoŒl

v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f a'guw f mode;f vGit f m; raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh Oya'ausmef if;
onfh atmf[pfyu JG dk jzpfajrmufatmif t"du aqmif&u G o
f rl sm;rSm òrdŒe,fw&m;ol}uD; OD;wifaX;
qkod /l òrdŒe,f Oya't&m&Sd a':cif0if;jzL qko d /l axmufvrS ;f a&; (15) wyfrS wyf=uyf}uD; wifat;
qko d /l txl;pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;t&m&Sd OD;armifarmifoef@ qko d El iS fh 'k-&Jtyk Ef iS fh &JtzG@J 0ifrsm;/ òrdŒe,f
at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifp0D ifrsm;/ òrdŒay:rS &yfuu G t f m%mykid t f zGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ Edik if aH &;
udprP sm;ESifh rnfo@dk r# roufqidk o f nfh }uH§› zGŒH tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;jzpfa=umif; od&&dS onf?

5? Tw&m;Oya'rJv h yk }f uH[pfatmfy. JG =umcsed rf mS (6) rdepfom=umonf[k od&onf?

e,fajrcHvx l u k /dk rvdrw hf ywfajymqk+d cdr;f ajcmuf+yD;/ touf (18) ESpf rjynfah o;aom uav;ol
i,frsm;ukyd g t"rR qG±J ek ;f ac:aqmifum wufapcJo h nf[k od&&dS onf? vlxt k aejzifh ,if; vDq,f
vky}f uHyu
JG /dk vk;H 0rvku d v f =dk ubJ/ jiif;qefa&Smif&mS ;ae=uojzihf uav;oli,ftygt0if vl 2000
yifrjynf[ h o k &d onf?
6? (6) rdepfom=umaom/ ±kyjf yr#om jyKvkyEf ikd cf o hJ nf/h ,if;atmf[pfyw JG iG /f yg0ify;l aygi;f
}uHpnf+yD; Oya'ausmef if;xm;olrsm;rSm atmufygw@dk jzpfonf?
- obmywdqo dk rl sm; - OD;jym; qko d El iS fh tjcm;ESpOf ;D ?
- tcrf;tem;rª;qko d rl sm; - a': jzLjzL0if;/ a':OrRmaqG qko d rl sm;?
- qENaz:xkww f ifjyonfqo dk l - ukeo f nf OD;ukvm; qdo k ?l
- qENðyvufrw S f rSww f rf;qko d nfudk ay;tyfonfqo dk l - awmifol OD;ausmv f i_d q
f o
dk ?l
- rSww f rf;qko d nfudk vufco H nfqo dk l - rdwv dW mòrdŒe,f/ ygwpD 'Hk rD udk a&pD taxGaxGa&G;
aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ 0if òrdŒe,fw&m;ol}uD; OD;wifaX; qko d ?l

7? tvnf&mG tkypf /k odru f ek ;f &GmwGiðf yvkyo

f nf/h Oya'rJ/h t"rRatmf[pfyw
JG iG v
f nf; rdepf
(20) cef@om=um+y;D / ±kyjf ytjzpf oabmomvkyEf idk o f nf[k od&&dS onf? ,if;atmf[pfyu JG dk yl;aygi;f
201
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

yg0if+yD; Oya'ausmef if;xm;olrsm;rSm/ tcrf;tem;rª;tjzpf vma&mufvyk u f idk af y;aom òrdŒay:ae

ausmif;q&mr a':cifpENm=unfEiS fh a': jrifjh rifEh ,
G f qko
d rl sm;jzpfonf?

8? a&a0 &GmwGif ðyvkyaf om/ Oya'rJ/h pk±;Hk atmf[pfyo JG nfvnf; (11) rdepfcef@om=umonf
[k od&&dS onf// ,if; t"rRywJG iG f yl;aygi;f yg0ifjy;D / Oya'ausmef if;olrsm;rSm a&a0/ tvurS ausmif;
q&mr rsm;jzpf=uaom a':oef;EJŒG ESihf a':0if;=unf qko d w
l @dk jzpf=uonf?

9? wnfyifuek ;f wGif ðyvkyu

f si;f yaom/ Oya'rJ/h pk±;Hk atmf[pfyo JG nfvnf; (15) rdepfcef@om
=umonf[k od&&dS onf// ,if; t"rRyw JG iG f yl;aygi;fyg0ifjyD; Oya'ausmef if;xm;olrsm;rSm/ wnfyif
uke;f tvu rS ausmif;q&mr rsm;jzpf=uaom a':cifE$J ESihf a':cifaX;armf qko d wl @dk jzpfonf?

10? ,if; vky&f yfrsm;onf/ w&m;Oya' pk;d rk;d a&;ukd ysujf ym;aponf? jynfov l x
l u
k w&m;
Oya'ukd ,k=H unfvu dk ef mr_ysujf ym;atmifðyvkyaf omvky&f yfrsm;jzpfojzihf vlxt
k aejzihf w&m;
Oya'rsm;t& vku d ef maqmif&u G =f u&ef wku
d w
f eG ;f vku
d o
f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f e,kev
f qef; (10) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f arv (24) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1990jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkukd,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrDwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 33 ( 5§99 )

ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ (9) ESpfajrmufa-unmcsuf

1? 1999 ckEpS /f arv (27)&ufae@wiG f ygwpD 'Hk rD u
dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ycJo
h nf
rSm (9) ESpw
f if;wif;jynfah jrmufay+yD?

2? (u) ygwpD 'Hk rD u

dk a&pDEiS hf taxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG @kd onf t"dyg` ,t
f vGejf ynf0h +y;D wckEiS hf
wck qufpyfaeayonf? ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDqo
dk nfrmS Ekid if w
H iG f wckwnf;aom Ekid if aH &;tzGŒJ tpnf;

202
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

(ok@d r[kw)f wygwo D mv#if v_y&f mS ;ykid cf iG &hf o dS nfph eH pfr[kwaf wmhyJ rl0g'vrf;pOfvyk if ef;rsm;ESihf ywf
oufI jynfov l x l w k @dk o&d ESd idk &f ef a=unmI zGŒJ pnf;xm;=uonfh ygwt D rsm;tjym;ukt d ajccHonfh
pHepfuq dk v dk odk nf? jynfov l x l . k a&G;cs,yf idk cf iG t hf ay:aqmufwnfonfh 'Dru dk a&pDpeH pf &Sio f efap&ef
jzpfaom ygwpD EHk ikd if aH &;ukd rSeu f efpmG usio hf ;Hk jcif;onf trsKd ;om;Ekid if aH &;yifjzpfayonf? Ekid if aH wmf.
tcsKyt f jcmtm%monf jynfov l x l rk q S if;oufonf[al om 'Dru dk a&pDusiphf Oft& jynfow l @dk u
rdrw d @dk oabmqENt& óuu d Ef pS o f ufonfh rl0g'vrf;pOfrsm;/ ygwrD sm;ukd vGwv f yfpmG a&G;cs,af xmuf
cHyidk cf iG hf &S&d ayrnf? ok@d ro S mv#if ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDrnfayrnf?
(c) 'Dru dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif ygwpD EHk idk if aH &;ygwt D oD;oD;rS jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;u a&G;aumufyOJG ya'pnf;rsO;f rsm;ESit hf nD owfrw S x
f m;+yD;onfh
rJqENe,frsm;rS yg0if,OS òf yid =f u&onf? ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;ESifh qENraJ y;=u&rnfh jynfov l x l k
wd@k onf Oya'ygjyÏmef;csurf sm;ukd vku d ef musio hf ;Hk =u&ayrnf?
(*) a&G;aumufyrJG sm;onf w&m;r#wI vGwv f yf&efrmS t"duusayonf? a&G;aumuf
yGu
J }dk uD;=uyf&ef tcgtm;avsmpf mG zGŒJ pnf;xm;onfh aumfr&Sit f qifq h ifrh S 0efxrf;rsm;uaomf
vnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyu JG u dk si;f yay;onfh tqifq h ifah om tkycf sKyfa&;tzGŒJ tpnf; toD;oD;
rS 0efxrf;rsm;uaomfvnf;aumif; yg0if,OS òf ydiaf omygwrD sm;tay:wGif vk;H 0bufvu dk jf cif;r&Sb d J
w&m;r#wpGm qufq&H ayrnf? xd@k jyif jynfov l x l rk qJ ENay;jcif;ESiyfh wfoufIvnf; vk;H 0pGuzf uf
aESmuf,u S jf cif;r&Sad p&? Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;. w&m;ojzifph nf;±k;H a[majymrJq, G jf cif;ukd rnfou l rS
rydwyf ifraESmuf,u S &f ? rdrw d @dk EpS o
f uf&mEkid if aH &;ygwrD S jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;
rsm;ukd qENraJ y;ykid cf iG t hf m;vnf; rnfou l r#raESmuf,u S /f rcsKyfcs,af p&?
(C) vGwv f yfonft h axGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG sm;rSwqifh rdrw d @dk óuu d Ef pS o
f uf&m uk, d pf m;
vS,rf sm;ukd Ekid if . H tkycf sKyfa&;wm0efrsm;aqmif&u G &f ef a&G;cs,jf cif;onf tajccHvŒl tcGit hf a&;
w&yfjzpfa=umif;ukd urBmu h v k or*~. tjynfjynfqidk &f mvlŒtcGit hf a&;a=unmpmwrf;yg tyk'd f
(21) u xif&mS ;aponf?

3// “ygwpD 'Hk rD u

dk a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufy”JG [lI crf;em;jynf0h vSonfh a&G;aumufy}JG u;D ukd
usi;f y+yD;pD;cJo h nfrmS (9) ESpjf ynfah jrmuf+yDjzpfaomfvnf; a&G;aumufyrJG sm;.&v'fudk taumif
txnfraz:ao;onht f jyif tm%mykid rf sm;onf ygwpD EHk ikd if aH &;pHepfurdk usio hf ;Hk Ekid &f ef zdEydS [f ef@
wm;xm;ojzifh jrefrmEkid if w H iG f 'Dru
dk a&pDqw d o f Ok ;f aeonf? wkid ;f jynf.tm%mrsm;ukd 1988 ckEpS /f
pufwifbmvrSpIodr;f ,lco hJ nfh Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ (,ck Edik if aH wmf
at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifp[ D k trnfajymif;xm;) u 27-9-88 &ufpjJG zifh Ekid if aH &;yg
wDrsm;rSwyf w Hk ifjcif;Oya'ukx d w k jf yef+yD; Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;ukd zGŒJ pnf;cGiahf y;cJo h nf? ,if;Oya'wGif
“Edik if aH &;ygwq D o
dk nfrmS ppfreS af omygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDudk vufcu H sio hf ;Hk aom tzGŒJ tpnf;ukq d o
dk nf”
ESihf “a&G;aumufyq JG odk nfrmS ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG q dk odk nf” [k jyÏmef;cJo h nf?
‚if;jyif “rnfonfEh idk if aH &;ygwrD qkd TOya't& rSwyf w Hk ifciG &hf &S+d yD;rS omv#if a&G;aumufyw JG iG f
0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf iG &hf o dS nf?” [kvnf; jyÏmef;cJo h nf? a&G;aumufyw JG iG f 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf o hJ nfh
203
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
(93) ygwt D euf/ ,ae‹ (10) ygwo D m w&m;0ifuse&f adS eayonf? (83) ckaom Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;ukd
tm%mykid rf sm;u ta=umif;trsKd ;rsKd ;jyI z,f&mS ;zsuo f rd ;f cJo
h nf? a&G;aumufyw
JG iG f jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ta&G;cH&onfh ygwt D csKd Œukyd g zsuo f rd ;f cJo
h nf?

4? 1990jynfhESpf/ arv (2&) &ufae@wGifusif;ycJhaom ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;

aumufyw JG iG f jrefrmEdik if YH rJqENe,f (492) [k owfrw S x f m;+yD;/ (485) e,frsm;Y rJqENay;&ef
pDpOfEidk cf o
hJ nf? qENraJ y;ykid cf iG &hf o dS nfh OD;a&rSm 20818313 (oef; ESpq f ,f&h pS o
f ed ;f / waomif;/ &Spf
axmif/ ok;H &m/ wq,fo h ;Hk ) jzpf+yD;/ vma&mufrq J ENay;olrmS 15112524 (wq,fih g;oef; wode;f
waomif; ESpaf xmifh ig;&m ESpq f ,fah v;) jzpfonfa=umif/h qENraJ y;&mckid Ef e_ ;f tm;jzifh (72 ² 59)
jzpfonf? vma&mufqENraJ y;onfh OD;a&teufrS ckid v f rHk J (13253606) wq,fo h ;Hk oef; ESpo
f ed ;f
ig;aomif; ok;H axmif ajcmuf&mhajcmufjzpfonfa=umifh ckid v f rHk &J mckid Ef e_ ;f (87²7) jzpfI y,fr/J ysurf /J
xyfrrJ sm; &mckid Ef e_ ;f tm;jzifh (12²3) om jzpfonf?

5? txufygued ;f *%ef;rsm;u jynfaxmifpo k /l jynfaxmifpo k m;rsm;onf rnfr# twkid ;f

twmtxd Ekid if . H tkycf sKyfa&;tm%mukd rdrw d @dk a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufvu dk af om uk,
d pf m;vS,rf sm;
tm; tyfEiS ;f ykid cf iG [
hf o
l nfh 'Dru
dk a&pDtcGit fh a&;udk rnfr#av;eufpmG wefz;dk xm;a=umif; ay:vGif
aponf? ok@d aomf Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ (,ck Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,m
a&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifp)D u jynfov l x
l .
k qENuv dk spv
f sL±_um 'Dru dk a&pDusiphf Ofudk csKd ;azguzf suf
qD;cJo
h nf? rnfonfEh idk if YH rqkd wkid ;f jynfut dk yk cf sKyaf eolrsm;onf jynfov l x l .
k qENudk ypfy,fygu
usq;Hk &onfcsn;f omjzpfonf?

6? 1990 jynfEh pS u
f usi;f ycJo h nfh ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG dk ekid if aH wmf
+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ (,ck Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zHŒG òzd;a&;aumifp)D u
31-5-89 &ufpjJG zifh xkwjf yefco hJ nfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'/ enf;Oya'jyÏmef;
csurf sm;t& usi;f ycJjh cif;jzpfonf?
7? Oya'jyÏmef;csut f & “v$waf wmfqo dk nfrmS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfuq dk o dk nf?” [k twd
tvif;az:xkwx f m;onf? (wkid ;f jynf. Ekid if aH wmfzŒJG pnf;tkycf sKyyf Hk Oya'ukd a&;qGaJ y;&onfh wkid ;f ðy
jynfðyv$wfawmf[lI jyÏmef;xm;cJhjcif;r[kwfay?) “v$wfawmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'
(jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'jzpfonf) ESit hf nD a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufvu dk af om v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESifh zGŒJ pnf;&rnf” [kvnf; jyÏmef;xm;onf? xk@d a=umifh a&G;aumufy}JG uD;
+y;D onfEiS hf v$waf wmfac:,l+y;D jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;uwufa&mufI rdrw d @dk wm0ef
rsm;ukd xrf;aqmif&efjzpfonf? ,ae@wiG f a&G;aumufyu JG dk “w&m;r#wpGmESihf vGwv f yfpmG ” usi;f y
ay;+yD;cJoh nfrmS (9) ESpjf ynfah jrmufvm+yDjzpfayonf? oufqidk &f mtm%mykid t f zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;u
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&efvt dk yfonf?

18? (u) jrefrmEdik if wH iG f 1962 ckEpS f Y wyfrawmfrt S m%modr;f ,l+yD;csed rf pS I 'Dru dk a&pD
qdwo f Ok ;f cJ&h jcif;a=umifh &[ef;/ &Siv
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wGe;f vSe+f y;D / 'Dru
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xif&mS ;aom v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;rSm ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;;rsm;/ r_id ;f &mjynfh ta&;tcif;ESihf OD;oef@
ta&;tcif;/ tvkyo f rm;ta&;tcif;/ (88) vlxt k ºHk uGr_ ta&;awmfy}Hk uD;wk@d jzpf=uonf?
(c) (88)ta&;tcif;a=umifh wygwt D m%m&Sit f pk;d &ðywfuscI
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208
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onf? ok@d &mwGif orkid ;f qkifd &f mtawGŒtóuHrsm;t& rnfo@dk r#rjzpfEikd af wmhay?

19? ,ae@ jynfow l @dk . vufawGŒb0rSm qk;d 0g;=uyfwnf;aom 'kut Q zkzH EHk iS hf &ifqidk óf uHawG@
ae=u&ojzifh yGiv fh if;oGuv f ufaom aps;uGupf ;D yGm;a&;pepfudk ar#mv f ifah wmifw h ae=u&m/ T
tajctaeESirfh uku d nf aD om Edik if aH &;pepfq;dk ukd wGe;f vSef zsuq f ;D =urnfrmS "rRwmomjzpfayonf?
TonfudkodvsufESifh wZGwfxkd;[ef@wm;ae=urnfqdkygu/ [ef@wm;ae=uolrsm;onfom
orkid ;f w&m;cHrsm;jzpf=u&ayvdrrhf nf? tm%mykid w f @dk onf tm%mukrd rufarmonfyh rm/ y&d,m,f
a00kpjf zifh ta=umif;trsKd ;rsKd ;jyum jynforl sm;uko d mru urBmukyd gvrd v f nfvn S zhf sm;&ef óud;pm;
tm;xkw=f uaomfvnf; a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yay;cJ+h y;D (9) ESpw
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,lusi;f yay;jcif;r&So d jzifh tm%mydik w f @dk .o±kyrf eS o f nf bl;ay:ovkad y:vmcJ&h ayonf?

20? trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEiS fh 'Dru dk a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;/ wkid ;f &if;om;ygwrD sm;onf
vGecf o hJ nfh (1998)ckEpS t
f xd/ (8)ESpw f idk w
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onf? ok@d &mwGif tm%mykid w f @dk u ,if;udpw P @dk udk vspv f sL±_+yD; tzGŒJ csKyfrS awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;ukd
rvkv d m;oa,mif tzGŒJ csKyfa=umihf awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&; ysujf ym;&ouJo h @dk ajymqkd 0g'jzef@vsuf
&d=S uonf? wzefvw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrwDuzdk suo f rd ;f ay;ygu zrf;qD;xm;olrsm;ukd v$waf y;+y;D
awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;vnf; jzpfay:vmEdik o f uJo h @dk ajymqkv d mjyefonf? trSerf mS tzGŒJ csKyfEiS t hf wl
wkid ;f &if;om;ygwrD sm;onf trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;ESihf tem*wfzŒHG òzd;wk;d wufaom jynf
axmifp}k u;D ukw d nfaqmuf&efrmS awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;jziho f majz&Si;f Edik rf nfudk tpOfwpku d f ,k=H unfchJ
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yiftodjzpfonf? Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpu D omv#if tm%mukv d ufr
v$wv f odk jzifh ta=umif;trsKd ;rsKd ;jyum [ef@wm;aejcif;jzpfonf?

21? awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;qk&d mYvnf; txufatmufqufqaH &;oabm/ tzGŒJ csKyfrS rnfol

awGomyg&rnf/ rnforl yg&[lI trde‹f ay;onfo h abmrsKd ;rjzpfoifah y? awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;&eftwGuf
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pdwaf umif;apwemrSerf sm;yg&=Sd u&ef tvGet f a&;}u;D ayonf? ,ae@tcsed Yf Edik if w H ume,fy,fwiG f
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ayonf?

22? Tod@k tm;jzifh trsKd ;om;'Dru

dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEiS hf Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;
aumifpw D @dk y%mrawGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;rSonf ok;H yGiq hf idk af qG;aEG;a&;ok‹d wqifw h uf+yD; 'Dru dk a&pD
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f eG ;f vku
d &f ayonf?

23? (u) ,ae@ jrefrmEdik if w H iG f trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G rf u

_ dk rwnfaqmufEikd jf cif;a=umifh
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tvGeq f ;dk &Gm;aomt=uyftwnf;}uD;ESihf &ifqidk óf uHawGŒae=u&ayonf? Tt=uyftwnf;ukd
ajz&Si;f Ekid &f eftwGuf trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;ukd vkt d yfvaS yonf? trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD
!Gwaf &;ukw d nfaqmufvv dk #if rSeuf efaomtrsKd ;om;a&;vkyif ef;pOf&&dS rnf? ,ae@orkid ;f acwf.
wdusaom trsKd ;om;a&;vkyif ef;pOfrmS 'Dru dk a&pDxeG ;f um;a&;ESifh wkid ;f &if;om;jy\emajz&Si;f a&;
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awmfukd ac:,lay;jcif; r&Scd ahJ y?
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jzpfayonf? wkid ;f &if;om;jy\emajz&Si;f a&;rSmvnf; wkid ;f &if;om;aygi;f pkyH g0ifonfh 'Dru dk a&pDus
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ua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEiS hf Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizfh ŒHG òz;d a&;aumifpw D @dk y%mr awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;
rSonf ok;H yGiq hf idk af wGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;ukd OD;wnfoifah yonf? awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;ukd tjyeftvSef
av;pm;r_/ odumQ &Srd j_ zihf tjrefq;Hk pwifoifah yonf? ok@d ro S m wrsKd ;om;vk;H onf urBmt h v,fw f iG f
*k%o f u d mQ &S&d dS 0ifx h ,fEidk rf nf jzpfayonf?
210
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xkwjf yefxm;onf)

24? trsKd ;om;'Dru

dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. 1988 ckEpS f nDvmcH.qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;ESifh A[kt
d vkyt f r_
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ESpaf jrmuf/ ESpyf wfvnfnv D mcHuu dk si;f yEkid cf o
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hJ nf?

qk;H jzwfcsufrsm;
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udprP sm;ukd TnDvmcH}u;D u A[kt d vkyt f r_aqmiftzGŒJ tm; r=umrD&uftwGi;f aqmif
&Gu&f ef wm0efay;tyfa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
(2) jynfov l x l qk ENEiS t hf nD/ 'Dru
dk a&pDenf;vrf;rsm;t& a&;qGt J wnfðyxm;jcif;r&Sad om
zGŒJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt
Hk ajccHOya'w&yfudk trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu vufcrH nfr[kwf
a=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
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ukd trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu vk;H 0vufcrH nfr[kwaf =umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
(4) EkdifiHawmfjy\emt&yf&yfukdajz&Sif;Ekdifrnfh ppfrSefaomEkdifiHa&;awGŒqkHaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;
jzpfajrmufa&;twGu/f tzGŒJ csKyfu tpOft+rJvrf;zGix hf m;a=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
(5) tzGŒJ csKyf. vkyif ef;aqmifwmt00ukad qmif&u G Ef idk &f ef tzGŒJ csKyfOuUÏ ESihf taxGaxGt
wGi;f a&;rª;wd@k tm; tyfEiS ;f xm;aomvkyyf idk cf iG u hf dk qufvuftyfEiS ;f a=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?

(c) Tqk;H jzwfcsurf sm;teuf ta&;t}uD;qk;H qk;H jzwfcsurf mS trSwf (1) jzpfaom
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,la&;ESiyfh wfoufonfh qk;H jzwfcsujf zpfonf? ‚if;qk;H jzwfcsut f & A[kt d vkyf
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awmfac:,lusi;f yay;&ef ta=umif;=um;cJo h nf? xk@d jyif v$waf wmfac:,la&;ESiyfh wfoufI wkid ;f &if;
om;ygwD (4) ygwED iS fh ndE‡ id_ ;f aqG;aEG;+yD; oabmwlnrD u _ &dk Ekid cf o
hJ nf? xked nf;wlpmG Akv d rf ;_ atmif
OD;aqmifaom 'Dru dk a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESiv fh nf;awGŒqkI H Tudpu P dk &Si;f vif;today;cJo h nf?
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uk,d pf m;vS,f (200) ausmEf iS fh tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0iftajrmuftrsm;/ wkid ;f &if;om;ygwrD sm;rS acgi;f
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a&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifp. D Zmwd±yk u f dk az:xkwjf ycJ=h uayonf?
211
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jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf wkid ;f &if;om;ygwrD sm;rS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
(251) OD;wk@d . ay;tyfxm;aomvkyyf idk cf iG rhf sm;t& w&m;0ifzŒJG pnf;cJjh cif;jzpfonf?
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h y,fzsu&f ef qk;H jzwf
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onf?

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yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G Ef ikd &f ef/ ygwx D al xmifpOfuyif tpOfwpku d óf u;d yrf;cJah yonf? Tod@k óu;d yrf;&jcif;
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tajccHjzifh Akvd af tmifausmv f rf;yl;wGaJ =unmcsuw f iG v f nf; xkwjf yefEidk cf ahJ yonf? 1999 ckEpS w f iG f
vnf; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:ayguaf &;twGuf yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G &f mrS &Sr;f wkifd ;f &if;om;rsm;'Drudk
a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &ckid 'f rD u dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGet f rsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ ESifh Zkrd ;D trsKd ;om;uGe*f &uf
ponfh wkid ;f &if;om;ygwD (4) ygwED iS fh 'Dru dk a&pDa&;/ wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;wef;wla&;ESifh tem*wf
wGif ppfreS af om'Dru dk a&pDjynfaxmifpu k zdk ŒJG pnf;ekid af &;[laom tajccHral y:wGio f abmwl+yD; yl;
aygi;f aqmif&u G ef idk =f ujcif;vnf;jzpfonf? Tok@d jzifh 'Dru dk a&pDa&;twGuf qufvufóu;d yrf;r_um
vwGif vGwv f yfa&;&+yD;umvaemufyidk ;f rajz&Si;f Edik af o;aom wkid ;f &if;om;jy\emukd tpOfw
pku
d af qG;aEG;!dE‡ id_ ;f cGi&hf jcif; ponft h cGitfh vrf;rsm;ukzd iG ahf y;Ekid cf +hJ y;D ordik ;f .vufiif;vkt d yfcsuu f dk
jznfq h nf;ay;Edik jf cif;vnf;rnfayonf?

26? xked nf;wlpmG tjcm;aom ygwrD sm;/ 'Dru dk a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESiv

fh nf; toGio
f ¾mef
trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh vufwJG yl;aygi;f aqmif&u
G Ef ikd af &;ukd qufvufóud;yrf;tm;xkw=f u&ayrnf?

27? uk,
d u
f sKd ;=unh0f g'rD sm;ESihf ygwpD nf;±k;H a&;ESiyfh wfoufI wifjyoGm;rnf?
212
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(u) 1999 ckEpS w f iG f tm%mykid rf sm;onf zdEydS rf t _ &mwGif tpGr;f ukev f yk af qmifvmcJh
onf? zdEydS +f cdr;f ajcmufrr_ sKd ;pkjH zifv h nf; tzGŒJ csKyfjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;/ tzGŒJ csKyf0if
rsm;ESi/fh wkid ;f &if;om;ygwrD sm;ukyd g ±kid ;f yspmG qufqv H mcJoh nf? aemufyidk ;f wGif jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,f (200) ausmt f jyif tzGŒJ csKyf0iftajrmuftjrm;ESihf wkid ;f &if;om;ygwaD cgi;f aqmifrsm;
ukyd gzrf;qD;cJ+h yD;/ òrdŒe,ftzGŒJ csKyf±;Hk rsm;ukv d nf; trsKd ;rsKd ;+cdr;f ajcmufum w&m;r0ifzsuo f rd ;f cJ=h u
onf? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ukv d nf; zdtm;ay;+y;D E_wx f u G af pjcif;ESihf rE_wx f uG o f nfh
uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;ukd a'ocHjynforl sm;tm;+cdr;f ajcmuf+yD; raxmufcaH =umif;[pfatmfapcJo h nf?
Tok@d jzifh Ekid if aH &;&moDOwktajctaerSm jyif;xef&mrS rkew f idk ;f xefonfyh rm&Scd o hJ nf?
(c) TuJo h @dk aomtajctaersKd ;wGif Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;wGif jzpfavhjzpfx&So d nfh obm0
twkid ;f / tcsKd Œaomyk*Kd~ vfrsm;wGif uk, d u f sKd ;=unft h awG;tac:ESihf tacsmiform;0g' 0ifa&mufy;l
uyfvmonf? Tolrsm;rSm tzGŒJ csKyf twkid ;f twmjzif=h unfyh gv#if tvGeaf o;i,fonfh rajymy
avmufaom tpdwt f ykid ;f omjzpfayonf? ok@d &mwGif rnfr#yif ao;i,fapumrl raumif;aom
aoG;wpufyifjzpfygap/ a&m*gudk zdwaf c:vmEkid o f jzifh z,f&mS ;oef@pif=u&ayrnf? ‚if;jyif tzGŒJ csKyrf S
ukid pf x JG m;onfh rSeu f efonfrh 0l g' (jynfoŒl tusKd ;zufr&S yfwnfonf0h g')ESihf uk, d u f sKd ;=unf0h g'ukd
jynforl sm; uGu J jJG ym;jym;odatmif zGichf saz:xkw&f ayrnf? uk, fd u f sKd ;ukOd ;D pm;ay;olrsm;onf tzGŒJ
csKyfrjS ynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:ayguaf &;twGuf óud;yrf;tm;xkwrf r_ sm;ukd rSm;oa,mif tm%m
ykid w f @dk .avoHtwkid ;f ajymqkad &;om;vm=uonf?
(*) ‚if;wk@d .qENt&qkyd gv#if tm%mykid w f @dk u v$waf wmfac:,lray;rcsi;f (8) ESprf o S nf
tESpf (80) wkid af tmif apmif=h u&rnfyh aHk y:onf? òrd@e,ftzGŒJ rsm;zsuo f rd ;f cH&jcif;/ v$waf wmfu, dk f
pm;vS,rf sm;E_wx f u G jf cif;/ zrf;qD;cH&jcif;ukv d nf; tzGŒJ csKyf. rSm;,Gi;f aomvky&f yfa=umifjh zpf&
onf[pk yG pf x JG m;onf// trSerf mS tzGŒJ csKyf.vky&f yfonf jynfoŒl qENEiS u hf u
dk n
f o D jzifh rrSm;ay?
tm%mykid w f @dk .vky&f yfonfom “0Hyak vG ESifh ok;d i,fyjHk yifv/dk rif;r[kw&f if rif;taz/ rif;tbk;d
jzpf&rnf” [laomrljzifh ,cifzsuo f rd ;f cH&+yD;aomEkid if aH &;ygwrD sm;ukd ðyrlaqmif&u G of vkd aqmif
&Gujf cif;omjzpfonfudk uk, d u f sKd ;ukOd ;D pm;ay;olrsm;odoifah yonf//

(C) ‚if;tjyif jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,la&;ESiyfh wfouf+yD; w&m;0if&yfwnfaeaom

wkid ;f &if;om;yg wDwygwu D / “jynfoŒl v$waf wmfudk tm%mykid rf sm;uac:,lonfjzpfap/ tzGŒJ csKyu f
ac:,lonfjzpfap/ rnfou l yifac:ac: wufa&muf&rnfw h m0ef u|eaf wmfw@dk rmS &Syd gw,f” [lI
t}urd }f urd af jym=um;cJo h nfudk rodygbv J #uf “w&m;0ifygwt D oD;oD;ESihf tjcm;tzGŒJ tpnf;tm;
vk;H wk@d onf/ tzGŒJ csKyfrS rdrt d pDtpOfjzifh v$waf wmfac:,la&;tpm; Edik if aH wmftpk;d &ESifh tzGŒJ csKyfw@dk
awGŒqkn H E‡d i_d ;f um tajz&Smr_wckudk ar#mv f ifah e=uonf?” [lI a&;om;az: jyjcif;onf jynfow l @dk .
oabmqENEiS fh tjcm;ygwrD sm;.oabmqENurdk od[efaqmifI ud, k v f &dk mqG+J yD; vdrv f nfvn S hf
zsm;vdak om Ekid if aH &;upm;orm;wk@d . o±kyo f ¾mefrmS yDjyifvaS yonf? 'Dru dk a&pDa&;xuf rdrw d @dk .
rdom;pka&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ oufomacsmifcsad &;wk@d udk tav;xm;olrsm;onf jynfow l @dk .'%fcwf
jcif;ukcd =H u&ayrnf? tzGŒJ csKyrf mS rl jynfoŒl qENEiS u fh u
dk n
f aD omrl0g'ukpd u
JG idk I
f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:
ayguaf &;ESihf 'Dru dk a&pDxeG ;f um;a&;twGuf qufvufcsw D uf&if; atmifycJG &H rnfomjzpfayonf?
213
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28? (u) ,ae@tcsed t f cgwiG f tzGŒJ csKyftaejzifh 'Dru dk a&pDa&;/ vlŒtcGit hf a&;/ wkid ;f &if;om;
vlrsKd ;rsm;tcGit hf a&;rsm;twGuf qufvufóu;d yrf;aqmif&u G &f if; rdryd gwwD iG ;f Y A[krd o S nf òrŒd e,f/
&yf§aus; rsm;wkid af tmif tzGŒJ csKyf. vuf&rdS 0l g'ESifh vkyif ef;pOfrsm;twkid ;f / trsKd ;om;a&;ukOd ;D xdyf
xm;+yD; pnf;vk;H nD!w G pf mG jzifh &yfwnf=u&ayrnf? pnf;±k;H a&;ukv d nf; aZmufcs vky=f u&rnf?
pnf;±k;H a&;vky&f mwGif ygww D iG ;f uspv
f pfoyd of nf;r_ut dk ajccH+y;D wjynfv;Hk twkid ;f twmESifh us,f
jyef@ap&rnf? qdv k okd nfrmS ygw. D tajccHtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;ukd uspu f spv f pfvpfzŒJG pnf;&rnfjzpf+yD;
jynfov l x l u k rdk l us,u f s,jf yef@jyef@pnf;±k;H &ayrnf?
(c) tzGŒJ csKyf. vuf&dS ukid pf aJG omrl0g'onf rSeu f ef+y;D jynfoŒl qENEiS u hf u
dk n
f jD cif;a=umifh
jynfow l @dk .axmufcrH u _ dk qufvuf&&Sad ernfjzpfayonf? jynfot l rsm;axmufcaH eor#umv
ywfv;Hk tm%mykid rf sm;u rnfr#yif ZGwt f wif;toGijf zifh òzzd su&f ef óu;d pm;tm;xkwv f monfjzpf
ap/ tzGŒJ csKyo f nf rusq;Hk / rysupf ;D Edik o f nfth jyif ykrd rdk ma=umvm+y;D cHEikd &f nf&u dS m/ r=umaomum
vwGif atmifycJG &H rnfrmS rkcsjzpfayonf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f e,kev
f qef; (13) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f arv (27) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1990jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkukd,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrDwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 34 (5§99)

(awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;ESifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,la&;)

1? trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyo

f nf Ekid if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjf ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ (,ckEidk if H
awmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizfh ŒHG òzd;a&;aumifp[ D k trnfajymif;xm;onf) ESihf awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;&ef
udpu
P dk 1988 ckEpS rf pS I ,ae@widk f tpOftqufrjywf óu;d yrf;tm;xkwaf qmif&u G af ecJo
h nf? wkid ;f
jynfEiS w
fh idk ;f oljynfom;rsm;. tusKd ;jzpfxeG ;f Ekid rf nfu h pd &P yfrsm;ukd awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;jcif;jzifo
h m
taumiftxnfaz: ekid rf nf[k trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu pG+J rJpmG ,k=H unfonf?
214
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f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

2? trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf onf awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;udpu P dk 1988 ckEpS rf pS I ,ae@widk f
aoGznfjcif;/ [ef@wm;jcif;/ qef@usijf cif;/ ydwyf ifjcif;/ vk;H 0 r&Scd ahJ y? ppfreS af om Ekid if aH &;aqG;aEG;yGJ
rsm;.vuQ%m&yfrsm;rSm tjyeftvSefav;pm;r_/ yGifhvif;±kd;om;r_/ wkdif;jynfESihf jynfolwkd@.
tusKd ;ukd a&S;&_jcif;wk@d jzpfayonf? TuJo h @dk aomaqG;aEG;yGrJ sm;jzpfay:vmap&ef trsKd ;om;'Dru dk
a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu rnfonfóh udwifuef@owfcsurf sm;ukrd S owfrw S xf m;jcif;rðyvkycf yhJ g?

3? tzGŒJ csKyf. taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; ‚if;.aetdrw f iG f 1989

ckEpS /f Zlvidk v
f (20) &ufae@rpS I tus,cf sKyfcsxm;aeqJtcsed w f iG v
f nf; tzGŒJ csKyftaeESihf awGŒqkH
aqG;aEG;a&;udpu P dk &yfwef@qidk ;f iHjh cif;rðyvkycf ahJ y? om"utm;jzifah jym&rnfqv kd #if 1990 jynfEh pS /f
Zefe0g&v D (26) (2&) &ufae@rsm;wGiu f si;f ycJah om tzGŒJ csKy.
f jynfe,fp/Hk wkid ;f pk/H òrŒd e,fptHk zGŒJ 0ifrsm;
. txl;tpnf;ta0;}u;D Y taxGaxGo[Zmwjzpfa&;twGuf tm%mykid rf sm;/ 'Dru dk a&pDEidk if aH &;
tiftm;pkrsm;ESifh 'Dru dk a&pDqENjyif;jyae=uaom jynfojl ynfom;rsm;t=um;Y em;vnfrw _ nf
aqmuf&efvt dk yfa=umif;ukd aqG;aEG;qk;H jzwfc=hJ uonf?

4? Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ u OD;aqmifusi;f ycJah om ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pD

taxGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGiv f nf;/ Ekid if aH &;jy\emrsm;ukd Edik if aH &;enf;ESiahf jz&Si;f jcif;ukd vufcH
ojzif/h csrw S x f m;onfOh ya'rsm;/ enf;Oya'rsm;abmiftwGi;f rS trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf
tjcm;Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESit hf wl yg0if,OS òf yid cf o
hJ nf? tus,cf sKycf aH e&onfh taxGaxG twGi;f a&;rª;
uk,d w f idk yf if A[kOd ;D pD;tzGŒJ .qk;H jzwfcsut f & a&G;aumufyYJG yg0ifta&G;cs,cf &H ef Oya'pnf;urf;rsm;
ESitfh nD av#mufxm;cJo h nf?

5? ygwpD 'Hk rD u
dk a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu rJqENe,f
(485) ae&mteuf (392) ae&mwGit f Ekid &f &Scd o
hJ nf? 'Dru dk a&pDusipfh Oft&vnf;aumif;/ jrefrmEdik if H
.tpOftvmt&vnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufy+JG yD;v#if jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfay:ayguv f m&rnf
jzpfonf? a&G;aumufy+JG yD;oGm;+yD;aemufwiG f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfzŒJG pnf;ay:aygujf cif;r&Syd gv#if a&G;
aumufyu JG si;f yjcif;.t"dyg` ,o f nf tcsn;f ES;D omv#ijf zpfayrnf? a&G;aumufyu JG u dk si;f yay;onfh
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'Yyif “v$waf wmfudk rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESit fh nD a&G;
aumufwifajrm‡ ufvu dk af om v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifzh ŒJG pnf;&rnf” [k tckid t f vkH jyÏmef;
csu&f o
dS nf?

6? tqkyd gOya'jyÏmef;csut f & a&G;aumufy+GJ y;D I (2) vcef@t=umwGif v$waf wmfw&yfay:

ayguv
f ma&;twGuf &efuek òf rŒd / ausmufww H m;òrŒd e,f&dS r[wWr*E<cD ef;raqmifY tzGŒJ csKyf. jynf
olŒv$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf A[kOd ;D pD;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;u v$waf wmfay:ayguaf &;twGuf tpnf;
ta0;usi;f ycJ=h uonf?

7? (u) xkt d qkyd g tpnf;ta0;Yyif awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;[laom tzGŒJ csKyf.cH,cl surf u l dk

rypfy,fcahJ y// jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,la&;ESiafh wGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;rl (2) &yfEiS t
fh nD vkyaf qmifco
hJ nf?
215
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

*ENt
D pnf;ta0;Y “··· tzGŒJ csKyfonf Ekid if aH wmftwGuf avmavmq,ftusKd ;pD;yGm;ESihf a&&Snf
tem*wfumvtusKd ;pD;yGm;rsm;ukt d ajccHI wrsKd ;om;vk;H jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;pdw"f gwEf iS fh yGiv hf if;
aom/ ±k;d om;aom/ apwemtjynfyh gaom ESpOf ;D ESpb f uf !SEd id_ ;f aqG;aEG;r_rsm;ðyvkyo f mG ; &ef···”
trsKd ;om;'Drudk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu atmufygrrl sm;ESiafh qmif&u G =f u&ef tqkðd ycJo h nf?
(1) yGivhf if;±k;d om;r_EiS fh tjyeftvSeaf v;pm;vku d ef ma&;/
(2) wrsKd ;om;vk;H jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;/
(3) +idr;f csr;f acsmarGŒaomenf;ukd tok;H csa&;/
(4) tmCmwuif;pifaom taxGaxGo[Zmwjzpfru _ dk a&S;±_a&;/
(5) tjyeftvSeaf v;pm;a&;/
(6) tjyeftvSeyf ;l aygi;f aqmif&u G af &;/
(7) tjyeftvSeef m;vnfr&_ adS &;/
(c) ,if;tqkðd ycsuu f dk Ekid if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ u wH‹k jyefcjhJ cif;r&Syd g?
(*) *ENtD pnf;ta0;wGif Oya'ESit fh nD jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lay;&efuv dk nf; awGŒqkH
aqG;aEG;a&;ESifh 'Gew
f I
JG awmif;qdck o hJ nf? ok@d aomf ,ae@widk f tm%mykid w f @dk taejzifh awGŒqkaH qG;
aEG;a&;ukvd nf;aumif;/ v$waf wmfac:,lay;a&;ukv d nf;aumif; jiif;y,faeqJjzpfonf?

8? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'wGif rnfoŒdk r#jyÏmef;xm;jcif;r&So d nfh trsKd ;om;

nDvmcHw&yfudk v$waf wmfaf c:,la&;ukad &Smif&mS ;vdo k nfq h ENjzifh tm%mykid rf sm;uzefw;D I ay:
ayguv f maponf? tqkyd gnv D mcHrmS 1993 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D rS pwifIusi;f ycJ+h y;D / ,ae@widk f +y;D qk;H
jcif;r&Sad o;ay? tzGŒJ csKyfonfvnf; taxGaxGo[Zmwjzpfa&;rlt& nDvmcHo@dk wufa&mufchJ
onf? wufa&mufaepOfY nDvmcHvyk x f ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm;ESithf nD usi;f yðyvkyaf y;a&;ESiyhf wfoufI
tzGŒJ csKyuf tm%mykid rf sm;ESiafh qG;aEG;&efóu;d yrf;cJo
h nf? Tudpu P vdk nf; tm%mykid rf sm;u jiif;y,f
cJo
h nf?

9? awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;ESiyhf wfoufI tzGŒJ csKyfOuUÏ OD;atmifa&$ onf jrefrmhq&dk , S v

f pf
vrf;pOfygwrD S ygwt D zGŒJ tpnf;wGiv f nf;aumif;/ tkycf sKyfa&;tzGŒJ tpnf;wGiv f nf;aumif; tvGef
xdywf ef;usvo S nfw h m0efu, dk cl &hJ onfyh *k Kd~ vf}uD;ESifh uk,
d w
f idk o
f mG ;a&mufawGŒqkI H tm%mykid f
rsm;tm; tzGŒJ csKyfEiS afh wGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;jzpfvmEkid &f ef csO;f uyfóud;yrf;cJo h nf? ok@d aomf tajzxGuf
ay:vmcJhjcif;r&SdcJhyg?

10? &Jabmfo;Hk usyd 0f ifwOD;jzpfaom Akvd rf ;ª atmifO;D aqmifonfh ekid if aH &;tpOftvm&Sad om

yk*Kd~ vf}u;D rsm;uvnf; tzGŒJ csKyf/ wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm;/ Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òz;d a&;
aumifpt D zGŒJ 0ifrsm; awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;&ef t}udr}f udrf Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;
aumifpOD uUÏxHo@dk pma&;ta=umif;=um;cJo h nf? tajzxGuaf y:vmjcif;r&Scd yhJ g?

11? trsKd ;om;'Dru

dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyftaejzifh awG@qaHk qG;aEG;a&;jzpfay:vmEkid af &;ukd t+rv J ufcH
cJo
h nf? vufcaH eqJvnf;jzpfonf? Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizfh ŒHG òz;d a&;aumifpED iS fh eD;pyfaom
216
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
Ekid if jH cm;oH±;Hk w±k;H u ESpOf ;D ESpb
f uftqifeh rd w hf m0ef&ydS *k Kd~ vrf sm;rSpwifI aqG;aEG;jcif;ðyvky&f ef t}uðH y
csuw f ckudk trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyftm; urf;vSr;f cJo h nf? Tudpu P dk tzGŒJ csKyfu oabmwl
vufccH o hJ nf? tzGŒJ csKy.f tajzukd tm%mykid w f @dk tm; today;cJ+h y;D a=umif;ukd xko d ±H ;Hk rSajym=um;I
od&cdS &hJ onf? ok@d aomf tm%mykid rf sm;xHrS rnfuo hJ @dk rw
S @Hk jyefcjhJ cif;r&Scd ahJ y? xk@d a=umifh tqifeh rd ahf qG;
aEG;yGrJ sm;ukyd if Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizfh ŒHG òzd;a&;aumifpu D rvkv d m;a=umif;xif&mS ;yg
onf?

12? wzef tm%mykid rf sm;ESiefh ;D pyfaom Ekid if jH cm;wkid ;f jynfwjynfrS tqifjh rifyh *k Kd~ vf}uD;wOD;
u tzGŒJ csKyftaejzifh tpueOD;wGif ta=umif;t&mwckwnf;omaqG;aEG;jcif;ukd vufcEH idk §f rEkid f
ar;jref;pOfuvnf; tzGŒJ csKyfu vufceH idk af =umif;jyef=um;cJo h nf? ok@d aomf aemufyidk ;f wGif ,if;udpP
ESiyhf wfoufI oufqidk &f myk*Kd~ v}f u;D u ta=umif;jyef=um;jcif;r&So d jzifh Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,m
a&;ESizfh ŒHG òzd;a&;aumifpb
D ufrS Tudpu P dk vufrcHjcif;jzpfonfrmS ay:vGiaf ejyefonf?

13? (u) awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;ESiyfh wfoufI apwemjzihf pnf;urf;abmifoabm(formal)

rjzpfapvkI d tvGwo f abm (informal) tjzpfawGŒqkaH qG;aEG;=u&ef 1998 ckEpS w f iG f OuUÏ.ae
tdro f @dk tqifw h /l OD;a&wlrt l & zdw=f um;cJo h nf? Tonfuv dk nf; Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,m
a&;ESizfh ŒHG òzd;a&;aumifpu D rwk@H jyefcahJ y?
(c) awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;ESihf ywfoufI ukvor*~tzGŒJ }uD;u ‚if;. tqifq h ifah om
taxGaxGnv D mcH}uD;rsm;wGif atmufygtwkid ;f qk;H jzwfxm;onf?
(1) a':atmifqef;pk=unfacgi;f aqmifaom 'Dru dk a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;/
(2) wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm;/
(3) ppftm%mykid rf sm; awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;&ef?
(*) tm%mykid rf sm;onf Tqk;H jzwfcsuu f vdk nf; vku d ef mcJjh cif;r&S?d ukvor*~tzGŒJ
twGi;f a&;rª;csKyf. uk, d pf m;vS,rf w S qifh awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;pwif&ef wku d wf eG ;f csurf sm;ukvd nf;
vufccH jhJ cif;r&Sad y? Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ § Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;
ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpo D nf aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm;ukrd vkv d m;a=umif; jrefrmod/ urBmodyifjzpfaeygonf?
(C) trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm;ukd rnfr#tav;xm;vkv d m;a=umif;
ukrd l 1996 ckEpS /f arv (13) &ufae@u tzGŒJ csKyfuxkwjf yefco hJ nhf “awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;tajz&Sma&;ESihf
ywfoufI trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.óud;yrf;csurf sm;” pmwrf;ukd zwf±j_ cif;tm;jzifh odEidk yf g
rnf?

14? trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf u (25-3-96) &ufae@wiG f tm%mykid w f @dk xH “yxrt
}urd jf ynfoŒl v$waf wmftpnf;ta0; ac:,lusi;f yrnf&h ufowfrw S &f ef/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;
vS,rf sm; ndE‡ id_ ;f aqmif&u
G af &;twGuf pDpOfay;&efupd ”P ukd wm0efopd mG jzifh ta=umif;=um;cJo h nf?
ok@d aomf tm%mykid rf sm;xHrS wpkw H &mta=umif;jyef=um;cJjh cif; r&Scd yhJ g? (23-6-98) &ufae@wiG f
vnf; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef Oya't& wm0ef&adS om tm%mykid rf sm;xHo‹dk “1988
ckEpS /f =o*kwvf / (21) &ufae@rwkid rf D v$waf wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;yg&ef” wdu k w
f eG ;f awmif;qkcd o hJ nf?
217
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

ok@d aomf tm%mykid wf @dk u rdrw

d @dk .wm0efuydk if rsuu f ,
G ðf y vspv
f sL±_c=hJ uonf? ok@d twGuaf =umifh
trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyu
f wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pk jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;yg0ifaom
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfudk r=umrD&uftwGi;f ac:,lzŒJG pnf;rnfjzpfa=umif; (21-8-98) &ufae@wiG f
a=unmcJo h nf?

15? (18-5-98) &ufae@wiG f trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf OuUÏ onf tzGŒJ csKyf.rlEiS &hf yf
wnfcsuu f tdk ajccHI Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpD twGi;f a&;rª; (1) .
zdwaf c:csuu f kd vufcIH oGm;a&mufawGŒqkcH o hJ nf? awGŒqkpH OfwiG f twGi;f a&;rª;(1) u ESpOf ;D ESpzf uf
,k=H unfrw _ nfaqmuf&ef (confidence building) vkad =umif; wifjycJ&h m tzGŒJ csKyOf uUÏu oabm
wlco hJ nf? xk@d aemuf tzGŒJ csKyf OuUÏ u xko d @kd ,k=H unfrw
_ nfaqmufa&;twGuf twGi;f a&;rª;
(1) wk@d taejzifh yxrqk;H vky&f rnf/h vkyv f nf;vkyEf ikd of nfu
h pd oP nf Ekid if aH &;t& zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif
tusO;f csxm;olrsm;ukd tjrefq;Hk jyefvw $ af y;&efjzpfa=umif; wifjycJo h nf? Tudpu P dk pOf;pm;rnf[k
twGi;f a&;rª; (1) u wk@H jyefco hJ nf? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,la&;ESiyhf wfoufI twGi;f a&; rª; (1)
u tcsed rf usao;a=umif;ajymcJo h nf? tzGŒJ csKyfOuUÏu a&G;aumufy+JG y;D onfrmS (8) ESpaf usm+f yjD zpf
ojzifh v$waf wmfac:,lay;&ef tcsed af &muf+y[ D k ajym=um;cJo
h nf? twGi;f a&;rª; (1) u rnfo@dk r#r
wke@f jyefcahJ y?

16? tzGŒJ csKyfOuUÏ ESihf Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpD twGi;f a&;rª; (1)
wk@d .awGŒqkrH E_ iS yfh wfoufI ESpOf ;D ESpb
f ufrS a=unmcsurf xkwjf yef&ef oabmwlc=hJ uonf? To
abmwlncD suu f dk tzGŒJ csKyu
f vkud ef mcJah omfvnf; tm%mykid w f @dk bufrS em&Dyidk ;f twGi;f csKd ;azgu+f y;D
owif;xkwjf yefco hJ nf? owif;xkwjf yefcsuw f iG v
f nf; qufwu dk af qG;aEG;yGrJ sm; (series of meet-
ings) vky&f ef&adS =umif;ygco hJ nf? tzGŒJ csKyfOuUÏ ESiafh wGŒqkpH Ofu Tudpu P dk vk;H 0rajymcJah y?

17? trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf ueOD;uyif awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;ESifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ac:,la&;udpP (2) &yfw@kd tm; 'Gew f I JG vkyaf qmifcahJ yonf? Tvrf;pOfru l dk tzGŒJ csKyftaejzifh raoG
znf/ rzsuo f rd ;f cJo
h nfudk rnforl #rjiif;Ekid af y? tm%mykid rf sm;url v$waf wmfac:,la&;udv k nf;
aumif;/ aqG;aEG;a&;udv k nf;aumif; rvkv d m;onft h avsmuf enf;AsL[mtrsKd ;rsKd ;ok;H pGI
J a&Smif
&Sm;&efóud;yrf;aeayonf?

18? &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru

dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &ckid 'f rD u
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGet
f rsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pD
tzGŒJ ESihf Zdrk ;D trsKd ;om;uGe*f &ufw@kd u jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'ukd umuG,af pmifah &Smuf
a&;ESihf w&m;Oya'pk;d rk;d a&;wd@k uOdk ;D wnfI jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lay;&ef Ekid if aH wmfat; csr;f om
,ma&;ESizfh ŒHG òz;d a&;aumifpD OuUÏxHo@dk ta=umif;=um;cJo h nf? rnfo@dk r#jyef=um;jcif;r&Sb d J vspvf sL±_
218
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

vku
d of nfa=umif/h rJqEN&iS jf ynfovl x l t
k wGuf wwftm;or#aqmif&u G af y;Ekid &f ef/ jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfay:ayguv f mjcif;r&Sod nfh tcsed u
f mvtwGi;f “1990 jynfEh pS yf gwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;
aumufyrJG S wifajrm‡ ufvu
dk af om jynfoŒl v$waf wmfuu dk ,
kd pf m;ðyonfah umfrwD (jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
uk,d pf m;ðyaumfrwD)”ukd trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEiS fh yl;aygi;fI zGŒJ pnf;vku d &f ayonf?

19? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,la&;rSm Oya't& Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;
aumifp. D wm0efjzpfouJo h @dk / rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x
l u k w&m;r#w+yD; vGwv f yfpmG a&G;aumuf wif
ajrm‡ ufay;vku d of nfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tay:wGiv f nf; wm0ef&o dS nft
h m;avsmf
pGm jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:ayguaf &;udpu P dk trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEiS hf wkid ;f &i;fom;ygwrD sm;u
aqmif&u G &f jcif;jzpfonf? xkod @dk aqmif&u G of nfEiS w fh òyid w f nf; rnfonft h csed u f rS v$waf wmfac:,l
ay;a&;ukd vkyaf qmifay;vko d nfq h ENr&So d nfh tm%mykid rf sm;u jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f
rsm;udk rw&m;zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifwm;jrpfvu dk o
f nf?

20? wqifw h ;dk I tm%mykid rf sm;u ‚if;wd@k .zdtm;ay;r_ (ok@d r[kw)f rufv;Hk ay;r_w@kd udk rvGef
qefEidk o
f nfh uk,d pf m;vS,tf csKd Œuktd ok;H csI jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,la&;udpu P dk vrf;vGaJ p&ef
tvk@d imS tm±kaH jymif;&efóud;yrf;aejyefygonf?

21? ok@d apumrl wkid ;f jynftay:opPmapmifph nf;onfh v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf jynfo@l
tusKd ;aqmif&u G &f ef oEMÏd mefcsxm;onfEh idk if aH &; tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf jynfov l w
$ af wmfu, dk pf m;ðy
aumfrwDw@kd onf jynfov l xl Ek iS v
fh ufwI
JG 'Dru dk a&pDay:xGe;f a&;.vrf;pjzpfaom awG@qaHk qG;aEG;
a&;ESifh v$waf wmfac:,la&;ukd atmifjrifpmG taumiftxnfaz:aqmifomG ;rnfjzpfaya=umif;?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek ðf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f e,kev
f qef; (13) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f arv (27) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

219
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1999 ckESpf/ arv (27) &ufae‹

(9)ESpfajrmuf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ ESpfywfvnfae‹wGif
jynfol‹v$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD. qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;

(21/ 5/ 99 &ufaeŒ/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,

dk pf m;ðyaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;qk;H jzwfcsut
f &)

qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(1)
Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf ŒHG òz;d a&;aumifpt D aejzif/h ygwpD 'Hk rD u
dk a&pD taxGaxGa&G;
aumufyu JG u dk si;f yay;+y;D aemuf ,if;wk@d xkwjf yefxm;onfh Oya'rsm;t& jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ac:,l
ay;&efwm0ef&adS omfvnf; ysuu f u
G cf o
hJ nfrmS (9) ESp&f +dS yjD zpfonf? xku d o hJ @dk jynfov l x
l .k qENudk
rav;pm;bJ rsuu f ,
G ðf yvsuf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lay;&efysuu f uG o f nft h wGuf jyif;xefpmG
±_wcf svudk af =umif; qk;H jzwfonf?

qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(2)
trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu 1998 ckEpS /f arv (27) &ufae@wiG f usi;f ycJah om (8) ESpf
ajrmufa&G;aumufyEJG pS yf wfvnfae@tcrf;tem;wGif v$waf wmfac:,lay;a&;twGuf &ufowfrw S f
ay;&ef trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfA[kt d vkyt f r_aqmiftzGŒJ tm; wm0efay;tyfco hJ nf? xkod @dk
wm0efay;csut f & A[kt d vkyt f r_aqmiftzGŒJ u Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf ŒGH òz;d a&; aumif
pDOuUÏxHo@dk 1998 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (21) &ufae@rwkid rf /D v$waf wmfaf c:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef ta=umif;
=um;cJhonf? Tta=umif;=um;csufukdvspfvsL±_onfa=umifh A[kdtvkyftr_aqmiftzGJŒu
rJqEN&iS jf ynfow l @dk tay:wGif wm0ef&o dS nft h avsmuf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lrnf[ak =unmcJh
onf? xk@d aemuf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;/ tzGŒJ csKyAf [kv d yk if ef;tzGŒJ toD;oD;rS uk, d pf m;
vS,rf sm;/ jynfe,fwidk ;f / òrdŒe,f/ &yfuu G rf sm;rSpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ESihf ±k;d ±k;d tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tm; æ
(u) jypfru _ sL;vGew f wforl sm; ajccsKyfEiS hf cH0eftufOya't&ta&;,lum odumQ csjcif;/
rvku d ef molrsm;tm; jypf'%fcsrw S jf cif;?
(c) ta&;ay: pDrcH sut f ufOya' txl;ojzifh yk'rf -5 (n) jzifv h nf;aumif;/ &mZowf
}u;D yk'rf -505 (c) jzifv h nf;aumif; rw&m;zrf;qD;ta&;,lum jypf'%frsm;csrw S f
jcif;?
(*) Ekid if aH wmftm; aESmuf,u S zf suq f ;D vko d rl sm;tE &W m,frS umuG,af pmifah &Smufonfh
Oya' yk'rf - 10(u) ponfw@dk jzihf ta&;,ljcif;?
(C) Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ . Oya' 2§88/ w&m;pD&ifa&;qkid f
&mOya'ESit hf nD usio hf ;Hk aqmif&u G jf cif;rðyjcif;?
220
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

(i) wnfqOJ ya't&qku d m Oya'trsKd ;rsKd ;wk@d jzifh vky}f uzH efw;D I tr_rsm;ukd tusO;f enf;
jzifh ppfaq;jypf'%fcsrw S jf cif;?
(p) tzufzufwiG f enf;rsKd ;pkzH t d m;ay;v#uf tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tm;E_wx f uG af pjcif;?
(q) Oya'rJh tEdik uf sihf +cdr;f ajcmufI oufqidk &f mrJqEN&iS q f o
dk rl sm;tm; tm%mykid w f @dk
u twif;t"rRpak 0;apum jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; t,kt H =unf
r&Sd raxmufc[ H k [pfatmfaºuG;a=umf rw&m;odumQ csjcif;?
(Z) xkwjf yefco hJ nfOh ya'rsm;wGirf yg&o dS nfth csutf vufrsm;ukd aemufa=umif;jyef
Oya'/ enf;Oya'/ pnf;rsO;f Oya'/ trde@f / a=unmcsuf ponfw@dk ux kd wk jf yefjcif;?
æ rsm;ukd jyif;xefpmG uef@uu G ±f w
_ cf svudk o
f nf?

qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(3)
urBmu
h v
k or*~tzGŒJ }u;D . vlŒtcGit
hf a&;qkid &f mqk;H jzwfcsurf sm;ukd óuq
d adk xmufcaH =umif;
qk;H jzwfonf?

qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(4)
Oa&myor*~vw $ af wmfEiS whf uG tjcm;aomEkid if rH sm;. v$waf wmfrsm;tm; jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrwDudk axmufcjH cif;twGuv f nf;aumif;/ todtrSwðf yjcif;twGuv f nf;
aumif;/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrwDu ESpaf xmif;tm;& 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om aus;Zl;
wifa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?

qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(5)
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
dk pf m;ðyaumfrwD. v$waf wmfa&;&maumfrwDtm; v$waf wmfac:,l
a&;tpDtpOfrsm;a&;qG&J ef wm0efay;tyfa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf//

qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(6)
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrwD. wkid ;f &if;om;a&;&maumfrwDtm; 'Dru dk a&pDjynf
axmifpEk idk if aH wmfxal xmif&ef vkt d yfonfh zGŒJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt
Hk jccHOya'wGif ygoifo
h nfh tcsuf
tvufrsm;ESiyhf wfoufI wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;. oabmxm;rsm;uk&d ,l+yD;v#if jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
a&;&maumfrwDtm; wifjytpD&ifc&H ef wm0efay;tyfa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?

qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(7)
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrwD. Ekid if w
H umqufqaH &;aumfrwDtm; urBmu h v
k
or*~tzGŒJ tpnf;/ Ekid if wH umv$waf wmfrsm;/ Oa&myor*~vw $ af wmfrsm;ESiw hf uG tjcm;urBm
tES@H tjym;&Sd 'Dru
dk a&pDEidk if rH sm;.v$waf wmfrsm;ESihf 'Dru dk a&pDa&;udpEP iS yhf wfoufI wk;d csŒJ wk;d wuf
aqmif&u G jf cif;vkyaf qmif&ef wm0efay;tyfa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
221
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(8)
ausmif;aeonfEh e_ ;f usqif;aejcif;ESifh rlvwef;ynmr+yD;qk;H rD ausmif;xGuEf e_ ;f wk;d yGm;ae
jcif;jy\emrsm;uku d idk wf ,
G &f ef rl0g'a&;qGaJ &;ukd jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrwD. ynm
a&;&maumfrwDtm; wm0efay;tyfa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?
qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(9)
'Dru
dk a&pDEidk if H acwfrw D yfrawmfzŒJG pnf;a&;ESiyhf wfoufI tpD&ifcpH mukd jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
uk, d pf m;ðyaumfrwD. umuG,af &;&maumfrwDtm; a&;qGw J ifoiG ;f &ef wm0efay;tyfa=umif;
qk;H jzwfonf?

qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(10)
Edik if aH wmfb¾ma&;&mudp&P yfrsm;/ txl;ojzifh Ekid if aH wmf &ok;H cef@reS ;f ajcpm&if;a&;qGjJ cif;/
aiGpuUL±du k Ef ySd jf cif; tp&So
d nfh udp&P yfrsm;udk jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD. b¾m§
pD;yGm;§ukeo f , G af &;&maumfrwDtm; a&;qGw J ifjy&ef wm0efay;tyfa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?

qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(11)
aps;uGupf ;D yGm;a&;pepfwiG f r#wrSeu f efaom ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;usiphf Of jzpfay:vmap
rnhf rlcsrw
S jf cif;/ aiGa=u;azgi;f yGjcif;ukx
d ed ;f odr;f rnfeh nf;vrf;rsm;ESifh &if;ES;D ðryfErHS _ Oya'ESio
fh ufqidk f
onfh rloabmxm;rsm; a&;qGw J ifjy&ef jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrwD. b¾m§pD;yGm;§
ukeo f ,
G af &;&maumfrwDtm; wm0efay;tyfa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?

qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(12)
awmifov l ,form;a&;&mudpEP iS yhf wfoufI awmifov l ,form;rsm;. tcGit hf a&;qkid f
&mudp&P yfrsm;/ &if;ES;D rwnfaiGqidk &f mOya'a&;qGw
J ifjy&ef jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
dk pf m;ðyaumfrwD
. awmifov l ,form;a&;&maumfrwDtm; wm0efay;tyfa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?

qkH;jzwfcsuftrSwf(13)
tvkyo f rm;a&;&mudpEP iS yfh wfoufI tvkyo f rm;rsm;.tcGithf a&;/ tenf;qk;H vkycf a=u;
aiGowfrw S af y;a&;/ w&m;r#waom tenf;qk;H vkyt f m; pH owfrw
S af y;a&;/ vkyif ef;cGif vkòH cHa&;
ponfu h pd &P yfrsm;ukd tpD&ifcpH ma&;qGw J ifoiG ;f &ef jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrwD. tvkyf
orm;a&;&maumfrwDtm; wm0efay;tyfa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?

qk;H jzwfcsuftrSwf (14)

vlra_ &;udpEP iS hf pyfvsO;f I tpd;k &.aq;±krH sm;/ aq;ukcef;rsm;/ aq;ay;cef;rsm;wGif tedrq
hf ;Hk
pH owfrw S jf cif;qkid &f mudp&P yfrsm;ukd tpD&ifcw
H ifjy&ef jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrwD.
usr;f rma&;ESiv fh rl a_ &;&maumfrwDtm; wm0efay;tyfa=umif;qk;H jzwfonf?

222
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

qk;H jzwfcsuftrSwf (15)

tusO;f uscaH e&aom Ekid if aH &;tusO;f orm;rsm;tm;vk;H c|i;f csurf &Sd tjrefq;Hk jyefvw
$ af y;
&ef tav;teufawmif;qkad =umif;qk;H jzwfonf?

qk;H jzwfcsuftrSwf (16)

1998 ckEpS /f pufwifbmvrSpI rw&m; zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif xde;f odr;f xm;onfh wkid ;f &if;om;
Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;/ tzGŒJ csKyf
A[kv d yk if ef;tzGŒJ toD;oD;rS uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;/ jynfe,f§wkid ;f / òrŒd e,f/ &yf§aus; pnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ 0if
rsm;ESifh ±k;d ±k;d tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ukd csKyfaESmif/ uef@owf/ csKyfcs,rf _ vk;H 0r&S/d ¹ciG ;f csuv f ;Hk 0r&Sb
d J tjrefq;Hk jyef
v$w&f efawmif;qkad =umif;qk;H jzwfonf?

twnfðycsufrsm;
trSwf (1) ? ? ygwpD 'Hk rD u
dk a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG (9) ESpaf jrmuf a=unmcsuu
f kd
twnfðyonf?

trSwf (2) ? ? awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;ESifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,la&; a=unmcsurf sm;ukd

twnfðyonf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f e,kev
f qef; (13) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f arv (27) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu wm0ef,I
l jzef‹cso
d nf? )

223
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒvGwfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 35 (6§99)

1? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyo f nf/ w&m;0ifrw S yf wHk ifxm;onf/h w&m;0if trsKd ;om;Ekid if H
a&;udprP sm;udk jynf0h pGmaqmif&u G yf ikd cf iG &hf adS om Ekid if aH &;ygww D ckjzpfonf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f arvY
usi;f ycJah om ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (82)
&mcdik Ef e_ ;f ausmt f xd &&Scd ahJ om/ jynfov l x l t k m;ud;k ,k=H unfrt _ &Sq
d ;Hk ygw}D u;D vnf;jzpfonf? tEkid f
&&Scd ahJ om v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,tf m;vk;H onf w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf
a=umif;udk tm%mydik rf sm;u jrefrmEkid if jH yefwrf;wGif w&m;0ifa=unmcJ+h yD;jzpfonf?

2? jrefrmEkid if jH yefwrf;wGif w&m;0ifa=unmxm;+yD;jzpfaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;

vS,rf sm;pm&if;wGi/f usKd ufra&mòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;jrifo h ed ;f / ysO;f rem;òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) trdsK;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;ausmEf iS hf v,fa0;òrŒd e,/f rJqENe,f trSwf (1) trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ
csKyfrS v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;wifxËG Of ;D / pOfu h ikd òf rŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&
pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f a'guw f mpd;k jrif/h aumhr;ª òrŒd e,f/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrq J ENe,frS
trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKy. f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;baqG (ajrmif;jr)/ qdy}f u;D caemif
wkòd rdŒe,f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f a'guw f mpde0f if;/ rdwv DW mòrdŒe,frq J ENe,ftrSw(f 2)
trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyrf S v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f a'guw f mode;f vGi/f &rnf;oif;òrŒd e,f/ rJqEN
e,ftrSwf (2) trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyrf S v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;armifarmifoef;/ wyfuek ;f
òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;0rf;armif/
pOfuh ;l òrŒd e,f jynfoŒl v$waf wmf rJqENe,frS trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKy.f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd f
pm;vS,f OD;apmaX;wk@d tygt0ifjzpfonf?

3? (u) usdKufra&mòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf(1)rS trdsK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf.

jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;jrifo h ed ;f &&Sad om ckid v
f rHk J ta&twGurf mS (10576) rJjzpf+yD;/
&mckid Ef e_ ;f tm;jzifh (52²96 &mcdik Ef e_ ;f ) jzpfonf?
(c) ysO;f rem;òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(f 2)rS trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;ausmf &&Sad om ckid v f rHk t J a&twGurf mS (29995) rJjzpf+yD; &mcdik Ef e_ ;f tm;jzifh
(61²38 &mcdik Ef e_ ;f )jzpfonf?
(*) v,fa0;òrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSw(f 1)rS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;wifxËG Of ;D &&Sad om cdik v f rHk t
J a&twGurf mS (22887) rJjzpf+y;D &mcdik Ef e_ ;f tm;
jzifh (53²97 ) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f jzpfonf?
224
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
(C) pOfuh ikd òf rŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,f a'guw f mpd;k jrif&h &Sad om cdik v
f rHk tJ a&twGurf mS (18461) rJjzpf+yD; &mcdik Ef e_ ;f
tm;jzifh (74²92) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f jzpfonf?
(i) aumhr;ª òrŒd e,f rJqENe,frS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKy. f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu,
kd pf m;
vS,f OD;baqG (ajrmif;jr) &&Sad om cdik v f rHk t
J a&twGurf mS (24615) rJjzpf+yD; &mcdifk Ef e_ ;f tm;jzifh
(54²85) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f jzpfonf?
(p) rdwv ÎD mòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)rS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,f a'guw f mode;f vGi&f &Sad om cdik v f rHk t J a&twGurf mS (28913) rJjzpf+y;D &mcdik Ef e_ ;f
tm;jzifh (62²09) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f jzpfonf?
(q) qdw}f uD;caemifwòkd rdŒe,f rJqENe,frS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,f a'guw f mpde0f if;&&Sad om cdik v f rHk t J a&twGurf mS (4047) rJjzpf+yD; &mcdik Ef e_ ;f
tm;jzifh (51²36) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f jzpfonf?
(Z) &rnf;oif;òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKy.
f jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;armifarmifoef;&&Sad om cdik v f rHk t J a&twGurf mS (15082) rJjzpf+y;D &mcdik Ef e_ ;f
tm;jzifh (41²24) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f jzpfonf?
(ps) wyfuek ;f òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . jynfoŒl v$wf
awmf u d k , f p m;vS , f OD ; 0rf ; armif &&S d a om cd k i f v k H r J t a&twG u f r S m (25422) rJ j zpf + yD ;
&mcdik Ef e_ ;f tm;jzifh (66²74) &mE_e;f jzpfonf?
(n) pOfu
h ;l òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,frS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKy. f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;
vS,f OD;apmaX;&&Sad om cdik v f rkH t
J a&twGurf mS (26079) rJjzpf+yD; &mcdik Ef e_ ;f tm;jzifh (62²74)
&mcdik Ef e_ ;f jzpfonf?

4? TuJoh @kd oufqidk &f mrJqENe,fjynfovl x

l .k ppfreS af omaxmufcrH t _ &/ w&m;0ifjynf
olŒv$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpfvmaom OD;jrifoh ed ;f tm;vnf;aumif;/ OD;ausmt f m;vnf;
aumif;/ OD;wifxËG Of ;D tm;vnf;aumif;/ t,kt H =unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh tm
%mydik w
f @kd .ya,m*a=umifjh zpfay:vmaom vlwpk.atmf[pfyo JG nf vk;H 0w&m;r0ifonfth jyif
jynfov l x l t
k m; w&m;Oya'csKd ;azguo f nft
h avhtusiu hf kd oif=um;ay;aom tm%mydik w f @dk .
tajrmftjrifenf;yg;r_ oufoufr#om jzpfayonf?

5? Tvky&f yfrsm;onf urBmEh ikd if t H oD;oD;. a&G;aumufyq JG idk &f m Oya'/ vkyx f ;Hk vkyef nf;
tpOftvmrsm;udrk suu f , G ðf yIvnf;aumif;/ jrefrmEkid if /H Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w Hk ifjcif; Oya'ESihf
jynfoŒl v$waf wmf a&G;aumufyOJG ya'jyÏmef;csurf sm;udk qef@usiI f vnf;aumif;/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k
a&;ESihf jynforl sm;u Oya'udv k u dk ef maom tavhtusiyhf sKd ;axmifay;jcif; tp&So d nfh tajccH
w&m;pD&ifa&;rlrsm;udk rsuu f , G ðf yqef@usiv f suv f nf;aumif;/ tm%mydik rf sm;u tm%mudk
tvGet f u|oH ;Hk +yD; rdrw
d @dk u,kd wf idk f Oya'csKd ;azgu±f rHk #ru/ jynforl sm; tusiphf m&dwyW sujf ym;um
r[kwrf rSerf w&m; vkyaf qmifvmatmif oif=um;ay;aeonfh vky&f yfrsm;omjzpfonf?
225
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
6? ,cif Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ vufxufu xkwjf yefcahJ om (18-
9 - 88) &ufpyJG g/ trde@f trSwf - 2§88 onf ,ae@widk f zsuo f rd ;f jcif; r&Sad o;ay? ,if;trde@f .
tyk'd f (1)/ tyd'k cf JG (c) wGif vl (5) a,mufEiS hf vl (5) a,muftxuf ydI k pka0;+yD;a[majymjcif;/
[pfatmfaºuG;a=umfjcif;rðy&[kyg&o dS nf? xk@d a=umifh ,ckðyvkyaf eaom tzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynf
olŒv$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh vlpv k al 0;jzifh a[majym/
[pfatmfaºuG;a=umfaejcif;rsm;onf/ wnfqt J rde@f tm%mudzk qD efI ðyvkyaf ejcif;jzpfonf?

7? ,if;od@k wnfqt
J rde@f tm%mudq k ef@usi+f yD; w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;udyk sujf ym;apaom/
Oya'ausmef if;onfh t"rRvpl ak tmf[pfyrJG sm;udk yl;aygi;f }upH nfvyk af qmifc=hJ uolrsm;tm; atmuf
wGiaf z: jyvku
d o
f nf?

8? (u) usKd ufra&mòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0if
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;jrifo h ed ;f tm; t,kt H =unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;
qkod nfh vlwpk. t"rRp±k ;Hk atmf[pfyw JG iG f yl;aygi;f }uHpnfyg0ifvyk af qmifcahJ om æ
-usKd ufra&mòrdŒd e,f/ &Siaf pmyk&yfuu G rf S OD;wifat;qko d ?l
- usKd ufra&mòrdŒe,fae/ OD;rdsK;wifh qdo k ?l
- usKu d rf a&mòrŒd e,/f ygwpD Hk 'Dru dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
tzGŒJ 0if OD;cspv f iG f qko d ?l
(c) ysO;f rem;òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKy. f w&m;0ifjynf
olŒv$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;ausmt f m; t,kt H =unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh
vlwpk. t"rRp±k ;Hk atmf[pfyw JG iG f yl;aygi;f }uHpnf yg0ifvyk af qmifcahJ om æ
- ysO;f rem;òrdŒe,f/ usn;f tif;aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;at;aiG qko d El iS hf awmifol
OD;0if;armif qko d ?l
- ysO;f rem;òrdŒe,f/ ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
tzGŒJ cGJ OuUÏ OD;apmatmifqo dk ?l
- ysO;f rem;òrdŒe,f/ qifaoaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;wifneG @f qko d ?l
- ysO;f rem;òrdŒe,/f oeyfyifqyd af us;&GmrS awmifol OD;armifarmif qko d ?l
- ysO;f rem;òrdŒe,f/ ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
tzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if OD;azoef; qdo k ?l
(*) v,fa0;òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0if
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;wifxËG Of ;D tm; t,kt H =unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;
qko d nfh vlwpk. t"rRp±k ;Hk atmf[pfyw JG iG f yl;aygi;f }uHpnf yg0ifvyk af qmifcahJ om æ
- tzGŒJ csKyf pnf;±k;H a&;rª;a[mif; qko d nfh OD;pHc qko d ?l
- v,fa0;òrdŒe,f/ om0wWad us;&GmrS ukeo f nf OD;vSjrifh qko d ?l
- v,fa0;òrdŒe,/f ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif
tzGŒJ cG/J twGi;f a&;rª; OD;aeatmif qko d ?l
226
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
- v,fa0;òrdŒe,f/ qifpak us;&GmrS awmifol OD;wif0if; qdo k ?l
- v,fa0;òrdŒe,f/ ydawmufacsmif aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;vSjrifh qko d ?l
- v,fa0;òrdŒe,f/ ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
tzGŒJ cGJ OuUÏ OD;cifxeG ;f qko d ?l
(C) pOfu h ikd òf rdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynf
olŒv$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f a'guw f mpd;k jrift h m; t,kt H =unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;
qkod nfh vlwpk. t"rRp±k ;Hk atmf[pfyw JG iG f yl;aygi;f }uHpnfyg0ifvyk af qmifcahJ om æ
- pOfu h ikd òf rdŒe,f/ uHopfaus;&GmrS OD;atmifausmpf ;kd qdo k ?l
- pOfu h ikd òf rdŒe,/f ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
tzGŒJ cGt J wGi;f a&;rª; OD;xifausmaf t; qko d ?l
- pOfu h ikd òf rdŒe,f/ tke;f yifjcH aus;&GmrS OD;atmifóudiq f o dk ?l
- pOfu h ikd òf rdŒe,f/ =uufprd ahf us;&GmrS OD;vSat;qko d ?l
- pOfu h ikd òf rŒd e,f/ ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGJ
tzGŒJ 0if OD;armifarmifaX; qko d ?l
(i) aumhr;ª òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,frS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKy. f w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,f OD;baqG (ajrmif;jr) tm; t,kt H =unfr&S/d vk;H 0 raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh
vlwpk. t"rR pk±;Hk atmf[pfyw JG iG f yl;aygi;f }uHpnf yg0ifvyk af qmifcahJ om æ
- aumhr;ª òrŒd e,f/ tazsmufaus;&GmrS OD;pdejf rifh qko d (l or0g,rOD;pD;Xme t+ird ;f pm;)
- aumhr;ª òrdŒe,f/ Zvky}f uD;aus;&GmrS ukeo f nf OD;tke;f jrifh qko d El iS hf 0g;bavmuf
aomufaus;&GmrS v,form; OD;=unfprf; qdo k ?l
- aumhr;ª òrŒd e,f/ ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGJ
tzGŒJ 0if òrdŒe,fOya't&m&Sd a':at;at;jrifh qko d ?l
- aumhr;ª òrdŒe,f/ &cdik pf ak us;&GmrS tkwv f yk if ef;&Sif OD;rsKd ; qko d ?l
- aumhr;ª òrdŒe,f/ udik ;f rprf;aus;&GmrS v,form;OD;[efwif qko d ?l
- aumhr;ª òrdŒe,f/ ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ
cGt
J zGŒJ 0if òrdŒe,fw&m;ol}uD; OD;yef;pdef qko d ?l
(p) qdy}f uD;caemifòrdŒe,frq J ENe,frS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f a'guw f mpde0f if;tm; t,kt H =unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;
qko
d nfh vlwpk.t"rRp±k ;Hk atmf[pfyw JG iG f yl;aygi;f }uHpnfyg0ifvyk af qmifcahJ om æ
- qdy}f uD; ta&SŒ&yfuu G rf S OD;yef;a&$ qko d El iS hf OD;vSO;D qko d ?l
- qdy}f u;D caemufwòdk rŒd e,f/ ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumf
r&Sit f zGŒJ cGt
J zGŒJ 0if vl0ifr}_ u;D =uyfa&;ESihf jynfoŒl tiftm; OD;pD;Xme òrŒd e,fO;D pD;rª;
OD;pd;k 0if; qko d ?l
(q) rdwv ÎD mòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0if
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f a'guw f mode;f vGit f m; t,kt H =unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmh
a=umif;qko d nfh vlwpk. t"rRp±k ;Hk atmf[pfyw JG iG f yl;aygi;f }uHpnfyg0ifvyk af qmifcahJ om æ
227
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
- rdwv ÎD mòrdŒe,f/ qifpvG,af us;&GmrS ukeo f nf OD;jym; qko d ?l
- rdwv ÎD mòrdŒe,f/ arGŒaus;&GmrS OD;ausmv f id_ f qdok ?l
- rdwv ÎD mòrŒd e,f/ ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ
cGtJ zGŒJ 0if OD;wifaX; qdo k ?l
- rdwv ÎD mòrŒd e,f/ o&ufyifaus;&GmrS csnrf #ipf uft+ird ;f pm;0efxrf; OD;oef;a&$ qko d ?l
- rdwv ÎD mòrdŒe,f/ ajrmufvnfaus;&GmrS OD;xGe;f =unf qko d ?l
- rdwv ÎD mòrŒd e,f/ ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sif tzGŒJ
cGJ twGi;f a&;rª; OD;wifvid_ f qko d ?l
- rdwv ÎD mòrdŒe,f/ tkw&f pS u f ek ;f aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;aX;armif qdo k ?l
- rdwv ÎD mòrdŒe,f/ rkeaf wmaus;&GmrS OD;wifa&$ qdo k ?l
- rdwv ÎD mòred ,f/ ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGJ
tzGŒJ 0if OD;pk;d OD; qko d ?l
- rdwv ÎD mòrdŒe,f/ Z&yfuek ;f aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;armifarmif qdo k ?l
- rdwv ÎD mòrdŒe,f/ uefO;D aus;&GmrS OD;pHaiG qko d ?l
- rdwv ÎD mòrŒd e,f/ ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sif tzGŒJ
cGt
J zGŒJ 0if OD;=unfxeG ;f qko d ?l
(Z) &rnf;oif;òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKy. f jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu,kd pf m;vS,f OD;armifarmifoef;tm; t,kt H =unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh
vlwpk. t"rRp±k ;Hk atmf[pfyw JG iG f yl;aygi;f }uHpnfyg0ifvyk af qmifcahJ om æ
- &rnf;oif;òrdŒe,f/ tke;f oD;uGaJ us;&GmrS awmifol OD;ausm! f e¸ ‹f qo kd ?l
- &rnf;oif;òrdŒe,f/ uwifaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;wifaqmif qko d ?l
- &rnf;oif;òrdŒe,f/ ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
tzGŒJ 0if OD;rsKd ;jrifo h ed ;f qdo k ?l
- &rnf;oif;òrdŒe,f/ &Gmwef;&GmrrS pyspjf cHvyk if ef;&Sif OD;cspzf ;D qko d ?l
- &rnf;oif;òrdŒe,f/ &Gmwef;aps;uke;f &GmrS awmifol OD;nDatmif qko d ?l
- &rnf;oif;òrdŒe,f/ ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
tzGŒJ 0if OD;cifarmifxeG ;f qdo k ?l
- &rnf;oif;òrdŒe,f/ òrdŒvSaus;&Gmtkypf rk S awmifol OD;rif;rif; qko d ?l
- &rnf;oif;òrdŒe,f/ iSuaf ysmaf wmaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;0if;atmif qdo k ?l
- &rnf;oif;òrdŒe,f/ ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDt d axGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
tzGŒJ 0if OD;ay: OD; qdo k ?l
(ps) wyfuek ;f òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynf
olŒv$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;0rf;armiftm; t,kt H =unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh
vlwpk. t"rRp±k ;Hk atmf[pfyw JG iG f yl;aygi;f }uHpnfyg0ifvyk af qmifcahJ om æ
- wyfuek ;f òrdŒe,f/ jr0wD&yfuu G rf S pufcsKyfvyk if ef;&Sif OD;at;ajymif qko d ?l
- wyfuek ;f òrdŒe,f/ &Sm;awmaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;yk&n S f qdo k ?l
228
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
- wyfuek ;f òrŒd e,f/ ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ
OuUÏ OD;pdev f S qdo k ?l
- wyfuek ;f òrdŒe,f/ aus;acsmif;aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;armifukd qdo k ?l
- wyfuek ;f òrdŒe,f/ '[wfuek ;f aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;ode;f atmif qdo k ?l
- wyfuek ;f òrŒd e,f/ ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&; aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ
cGJ tzGŒJ 0if òrdŒe,fv0l ifr}_ uD;=uyfa&; OD;pD;t&m&Sd OD;rsKd ;cspf qdo k ?l
- wyfuek ;f òrdŒe,f/ oHy&k muke;f aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;ausm0f if;pdef qdo k ?l
- wyfuek ;f òrdŒe,f/ '[wfuek ;f auGs;&GmrS awmifol OD;atmifarmif; qko d ?l
- wyfuek ;f òrdŒe,f/ v,fjyifraus;&GmrS awmifol OD;vSxeG ;f qko d ?l
- wyfuek ;f òrdŒe,f/ xef;wyifaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;xGe;f cif qko d ?l
- wyfuek ;f òrŒd e,f/ ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ
cGt
J wGi;f a&;rª;òrdŒe,f opfawmOD;pD;Xme OD;pD;rª; OD;jrifah tmif qko d ?l
(n) pOfu h ;l òrdŒe,f/ pOfu h ;l rJqENe,frS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd apDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,f OD;apmaX;tm; t,kt H =unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh vlwpk. t"rR
pk±;Hk atmf[pfyw JG iG f yl;aygi;f }uHpnfyg0ifvyk af qmifcahJ om æ
- pOhu f ;l òrdŒe,f/ pOfu h ;l rJqENe,fajrrS OD;jrifah qG qko d El iS hf AD'G , D kd tajccHtpnf;t±k;H
twGi;f a&;rª; OD;vSjrifh qko d ?l
- pOhu f ;l òrdŒe,f/ ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ
cGtJ zGŒJ 0if Oya't&m&Sd a':cifat;0if; qko d ?l
- pOhu f ;l òrŒd e,f/ vufyefvrS q J ENe,fajrrS ukeof nf a':rk;d aomfarmf qko d El iS hf awmif
ol a':,k,ak xG; qdo k ?l
- pOhu f ;l òrŒd e,f/ ygwpD 'Hk rD udk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGJ
tzGŒJ 0if OD;0if;v_id f qko d ?l
- pOhu f ;l òrŒd e,f/ xk;H }u;D rJqENe,frS ukeo f nf OD;aX;0if; qdo k El iS hf t+ird ;f pm; tv,f
wef;jyq&m OD;jrifah qG qko d ?l
- pOhu f ;l òrŒd e,f/ ygwpD 'Hk rD udk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGJ
tzGŒJ 0if a'guw f mjraomif; qko d ?l
- pOhu f ;l òrdŒe,f/ oJtif;rJqENe,fajrrS awmifol OD;ref;atmif qdo k ?l
- pOhu f ;l òrŒd e,f/ ygwpD 'Hk rD udk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGJ
tzGŒJ 0if OD;aumif; qdo k ?l
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkf,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f e,efvjynfah usmf (12) &uf//
1999 ckEpS /f ZGev
f (11) &uf//

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)
229
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkukd,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrDwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 36 (6§99)

trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfoŒdk tusO;f uscH trsKd ;om;ekid if aH &;tiftm;pkrS (19/5 / 99 )&uf
pGjJ zifh a&;om;ay;ykŒd onfh (Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òz;a&;aumifp(D ppftpk;d &)
tm; zsuo f rd ;f I jynfoŒl v$waf wmf/ jynfoŒl tpk;d &ESihf ppfreS af om'Dru dk a&pDeid if aH wmf azmf
aqmifa&;udpP)[k ta-umif;t&m a&;om;xm;aompma&muf&Sdvmonfa-umifh/ pmyg
tcsut f vufrsm;ukd jzefΠa0vku d o
f nf//

(p) vmrnfh 1999ckEpS /f arv (2&) &ufae@onf jrefrmEdik if w H iG f ygwpD 'Hk rD u

dk a&pDpepfwnf
axmif&eftwGuf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ycJo h nfh (9) ESpaf jrmufae@jzpfonf? vGecf hJ
aom (9) ESp/f 1990 jynfEh pS /f arv (27) &ufae@tcsed w f iG f jrefrmEdik if w H 0Sr;f vk;H &Sd jynfot l aygi;fw@dk
onf tm%m&Sipf epfcsKy+f ird ;f I tajccHvŒl tcGit hf a&;rsm;ukt d mrcHaom 'Dru dk a&pDpepf/ 'Dru dk a&pD
tpk;d &/ 'Dru dk a&pDEikd if aH wmfay:xGe;f vma&;twGuf ppftpk;d &rS}u;D rª;usi;f yaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
a&G;aumufy}JG uD;wGif rdrEd iS rfh rd w d @dk e,fajra'otoD;oD;tm; uk, d pf m;ðyaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;ukd a&G;cs,w f ifajrm‡ ufay;cJ=h uonf? a&G;aumufy+JG y;D onfah emufyidk ;f wGif jynfol
vlx}k u;D rSm ‚if;wk@d a&G;cs,w f ifajrm‡ ufay;xm;onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;
xm;aomjynfoŒl v$waf wmf/ jynfoŒl tpk;d &w&yfay:xGe;f vma&;ukd ar#mv f ifah ecJ=h uonf? ok‹d aomf
jynforl sm;ar#mv f ifo h nfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmf/ jynfoŒl tpk;d &ay:xGe;f rvmbJ/ a&G;aumufyu JG u dk si;f y
ay;cJo h nfh Akv d cf sKyfr;ª }uD;wk@d rS a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yrnft h csed u f mvtwGi;f rdrw d @dk ajymxm;onfh
pum;/ ay;xm;onfu h wd/ a=unmxm;onft h rde@f / xkwjf yefxm;onfOh ya'rsm;ukd ajAmifususcsKd ;
azgu+f yD;/ jynfow l @dk .vkv d m;csurf sm;ukd rsuu f , G ðf yxm;onfrmS (9) ESpjf ynfah wmhrnfjzpfonf?
jynfov l x l u k ppfreS af om'Dru dk a&pDtpk;d &ESihf 'Dru dk a&pDEidk if aH wmfuadk r#mv f if. h ? &v'frmS
vufeufEiS t hf m%mukd rw&m;tvGo J ;Hk pm;ðyolrsm;u uk, d w hf idk ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tcsi;f csi;f u|eðf yjcif;
ukcd &H .? ae@pOfEiS t hf r# jynfot l rsm;'l;ESirhf su&f nfow k I f 'kurQ sKd ;pkóH uHawGŒae&onft h csed w f iG f
Akv
d cf sKyfr;ª }uD;ESirhf o d m;pkw@dk onf ta=umif;trsKd ;rsKd ;jyum Edik if aH wmfp&dwjf zifh Edik if t H ES@H tyef;ajz
c&D;xGuEf ikd . f ? Akvd cf sKyfr;ª }uD;.taygi;f tygrsm;onf rd;k xJa&xJ uckeaf ysmyf g;Edik =f u.? 'gawGukd
230
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f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
jynfoal wGjrifatmif ±kyjf rifo=H um;rSaeIxkwv f i$ jhf yovku d af o;onf? ae@pOfEiS t hf r# bk&m;wnf
ausmif;aqmufwmukv d nf;jy.? wcsed w f nf;rSmyif vly*k Kd~ vaf &;ukx d cd udk af pmfum;aom/ tifrwef
,kwn f o hH rd zf si;f vSonfh aºu;G a=umfoaH wGuv fkd nf;xnfah y;vku d af o;onf? ukov kd w f yJ i&Jwyd\m
qko d nfrmS 'Dvv dk yk &f yfrsKd ;jzpfrnf? Akv d cf sKyrf ;ª }u;D ESifh taygi;f tygw@dk avmb/ a'go/ arm[/ twWrsm;
zk;H v$r;f aeaoma=umifh jynfot l rsm;qif;&J'u k aQ &mufaeonfudk !Smwm/ pmempdwrf &Sjd zpfae&
onf?
wkid ;f jynfp;D yGm;a&;ESiyhf wfouf+y;D =unfrh nfqydk gv#if aiGa=u;azmif;yGrE_ e_ ;f tvGejf rifw h uf+y;D
tajccHpm;aomufuek yf pPn;f rsm;aps;wufvmI jynfoal wGqif;&JwiG ;f xJ epfoxufepfaecJ&h +yjD zpf
onf? aps;uGupf ;D yGm;a&;qkad omfvnf; jynfoal wGqif;&JveG ;f ojzifh b,faps;uGurf mS rS pD;yGm;a&;
vkyEf ikd rf nfr[kw?f vkyEf idk w f muawmh Akv d cf sKyfr;ª }uD;.rdom;pk/ aqGrsKd ;wpkEiS t fh aygi;f tygawGyJ
jzpf.? Akv d cf sKyfr;ª }uD;wk@d EiS t hf wl taygi;f tygawG csr;f omae=uaomfvnf; wkid ;f jynf.pD;yGm;a&;
c|wòf cHus+yD; jynfoal wG qif;&JraJG waecJ&h +yDjzpfonf? b,foal oao iawrm&if+yD;a&mqkw d m
'gyJ jzpfvrd rhf nf?
ynma&;ESiyfh wfoufv#if ausmif;awGyw d x f m;&wm=umcJ+h yD jzpfonf? ausmif;om;awGu
‚if;wk@d .vkt d yfcsuaf wG/ qENawGudk xkwaf z:awmif;qk=d uonf? 'gudk Akv d cf sKyfr;ª }uD;wk‹d u rw&m;
±ku d Ef u S zf rf;qD;+y;D &mESichf saD omausmif;om;rsm;tm; ESp&f n S af xmif'%fawGcsypf.? wcsKd Œ ausmif;
om;rdbrsm;rSm rdrw d @dk .om;orD;awG aovm;&Siv f m;/ b,fae&ma&mufaeonfqw dk m rod&onfh
tjzpfuakd &mufae&onf? tvGeaf =uuGpJ &maumif;vSonf? 'Dvv dk yk v f u dk jf cif;jzifh ausmif;om;awG
ua=umufomG ;rnf? &GŒH oGm;rnf/ +ird cf aH ernf[x k ifaeygovm;// jrefrmhordik ;f ukjd yef+y;D =unfv h u
dk yf g?
Edik if vH w G v f yfa&;twGuóf u;d yrf;cJ=h uaom/ acgi;f aqmif}u;D rsm;tm; rnfonfah e&mu arG;zGm;vm
cJo
h enf; rqvwygwt D m%m&Sipf epftm; ðywfusomG ;atmif p+y;D awmfveS cf o hJ nfrmS b,foal wG
jzpfoenf;? 'Dorkid ;f awGukd azsmufv@dk &r,fxifaeygovm;? 'Dvpdk w d "f gwrf sKd ;ukzd suv f @dk &r,f xifae
ygovm;? enf;enf;av;rS r&Edik yf g? ausmif;om;qkw d m Edik if &H ŒJ &wem/ ynma&;qkw d m Edik if &H ŒJ tkwf
jrpf? tckawmh ausmif;awGuydk w d /f ausmif;om;awGuadk xmifcs/ ynma&;pepfut dk rsKd ;rdsK;ajymif;/
'Dvedk nf;awGo;Hk +y;D Akv d cf sKyrf ;ª }u;D wk@d . tm%mwnf+raJ &;ESihf uk, d uf sKd ;pD;yGm;twGuf zsuq f ;D jypfvu dk f
aoma=umifh ,ae@tcsed w f iG f Edik if .H ynma&;pepfonf vk;H 0ysupf ;D oGm;cJ+h yDjzpfonf? ynma&;
pepftm;zsuq f ;D ypfjcif;onf wkid ;f jynf.tem*wftm; zsuq f ;D ypfvu dk of nfEiS hf twlwyl ifjzpf
onf?
aemufta=umif;t&mwckrmS wyfrawmfEiS yhf wfoufonfu h pd jP zpfonf? Ekid if u H dk b,f'rD dk
ua&pDtpk;d &tkycf sKyf/ tkycf sKyf/ wyfrawmfonf Edik if u H udk muG,af pmifah &Smuf&ef Edik if 0hH efxrf;
taejzifh &Sad e&rnfjzpfonf? zGŒJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'ukd av;pm;vku d ef maom wyfrawmfjzpf&rnf?
'Duae@wyfrawmfonf vk;H 0ysupf ;D ae+yDjzpfonf? wyfrawmfom;rsm;onf ,leaD zmif;ta&mif
taoG;wln=D uaomfvnf;/ pdw"f gwrf sm;rwln=D uawmhyg? ppfwyftwGi;f Ekid if u H u dk muG,af pmifh
a&Smufvadk om ppfom;ppfppf wyfrawmfom;/ t&m&S/d t&mcH/ t=uyf/ wyfom;rsm;&So d uJo h @dk
rdrw d @dk u, dk uf sKd ;pD;yGm;wckxu J =dk unfo h nfh wyfrawmft&m&Sd }u;D / i,faygi;f rsm;pGm &daS e=u+yjD zpfonf?
jynfoal wGuEdk ydS pf ufaomppfom;/ ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;awGuvnf; ae&mtESyH if&adS e=uonf?
231
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

Edik if aH wmftm%modr;f umpwGif ppfwidk ;f rª;rsm;tm; (e0w) tpk;d &tzGŒJ xJ xnfo h iG ;f I

rm&S,af vmtm%mtyfEiS ;f +yD;/ ‚if;ESiq hf ifdk af omwkid ;f twGi;f bk&ifwyg;uJo h ‹dk vkycf si&f mvkycf iG hf
ay;xm;cJo h nf? aemufyidk ;f wGif ppfwidk ;f rª;rsm;u ‚if;wk@d xufwm0ef}u;D aomolrsm;tm; ajc&mwkid ;f
+yD; xif&mpkid ;f vmaoma=umifh xde;f rEkid I f 0ef}uD;&mxl;ajymif;ay;+yD; aemufq;Hk ðzwfjypf&onfh
tajctaeok@d a&mufomG ;&onf? ,ckvnf; jyifqifxm;&jyefonf? tpm;xk;d cef@xm;onfh wkid ;f rª;
rsm;ukd 0ef}uD;&mxl;wk;d ay;+yD;/ aemuf wkid ;f rª;topfawGcef@xm;vku d o f nf?
Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ tm; Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizfh ŒHG òzd;
a&;aumifp[ D k trnfajymif;cJo h nf? (etz) tzGŒJ xJwiG f ppfwidk ;f rª;tm;vk;H ukd xnfo h iG ;f xm;onf?
0ef}u;D tzGŒJ xJwiG f Akv d rf ;ª }u;D rS Akv d cf sKyfr;ª }u;D txdygaomfvnf;/ tcsKd ŒXmersm;wGif 0ef}u;D u Akv d rf ;ª
}u;D qkvd #if 'k-0ef}u;D u Akv d rf ;ª csKyfjzpfaeonf? ppfwyfxrJ mS &mxl;wm0eftvku d f txufatmuf
tvGeaf v;pm;&aomfvnf;/ ,cktcdsew f iG f txufatmuf ajymif;jyefpepfjzpfaeonf? wkid ;f rª;awG
u (etz) tzGŒJ 0ifawGjzpf+yD; 0ef}uD;awGuawmh (etz) tzGŒJ 0ifawGatmuf a&mufomG ;.? xkd
0ef}u;D rsm;vnf; b,fawmhðywfrnf/ b,fawmhtzrf;cH&rnfudk ylyifae&.? vlwpku olw‹dk acsmuf
xJusawmhrnfuo dk ad eaoma=umifh ðywfruseidk af tmif aemufval wGuydk gwx GJ m;onfh oabmyif
jzpfonf? 'Dvt dk ajctaetm;vk;H ukd òcHio Hk ;Hk oyfv#if wyfysuaf e+yDjzpfonf? 'Dvt kd ajctaersKd ;ok@d
a&mufaeaomwyfrawmf.tem*wfonf aumif;Ekid rf nfr[kwaf wmhyg? jynfocl spaf om/ av;pm;
aom/ tm;}uD;aomwyfrawmfjzpfvmrnfr[kwo f uJoh @dk wyfrawmfom;awG cspcf if/ av;pm;
=unf!/dk tm;uk;d aom Akv d cf sKy}f u;D awG/ OD;pD;csKyaf wG ay:xGuv f mEkid rf nfr[kwaf cs? txufaz: jyyg
jzpf&yfq;dk rsm;onf tm%m&Sipf epfa=umifyh ifjzpfonf? tm%m&Sipf epf.qk;d usKd ;onf jynfojl ynf
om;rsm;ESit hf wl wyfrawmfom;awGygc&H .? Edik if t H wGuv f nf; xdcu dk ef pfemqk;H ±_;H .? urBmt h v,f
wGif t&Su&f .? tm%m&Sipf epfuzdk suo f rd ;f +yD; jynfo@l qENEiS t hf nD ppfreS af om'Dru dk a&pDpepfom
ay:xGe;f vmv#if ,ckvt kd ajctaeqk;d awGcsKyf+idr;f +yD; wkid ;f oljynfom;rsm; +idr;f csr;f pGmae&rnfjzpf
onf? Ekid if v H nf;wk;d wufzŒHG òz;d vmrnfjzpfonf? wkid ;f oljynfom;qko d nft h xJwiG f wyfrawmfom;
rsm;vnf;yg.? wyfrawmfom;rsm;. rdb/ aqGrsKd ;/ nDtukad rmifErS awGvnf;yg.? +ird ;f csr;f om,m
+y;D acwfrw DS ;dk wufaom 'Dru dk a&pDEikd if aH wmfay:xGe;f vmEkid b f @dfk twGuf ,cktcsed w f iG f trSew f u,f
vkyaf qmif&rnfrmS Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpD (ppftpk;d &) tm; zsuo f rd ;f I
jynfov l x l u k a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufay;vku d af om jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;
xm;aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfEiS hf jynfoŒl tpk;d &w&yf wnf&adS ezk@d yif jzpfonf?
1990 jynfEh pS u f usi;f ycJo h nfah &G;aumufyo JG nf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyjGJ zpfonf?
zGŒJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'wckwnf;uko d ma&;qGaJ om wkid ;f ðyjynfðyv$waf wmfa&G;aumufyrJG [kwaf cs?
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyaJG =umifh ay:xGe;f vm&rnfv h w $ af wmfonf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfomv#if
jzpf&rnf? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfwiG f Oya'ðya&;tm%m/ w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%m/ tkycf sKyfa&;tm%m
ok;H &yfpvk;H &So d nf? xkv d w $ af wmf.vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%mrsm;udk jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;
tm; jynfou l tyfEiS ;f xm;+yD;jzpfaoma=umifh rnfonft h zGŒJ tpnf;/ rnfonft h pk;d &urS Oya'/
trde@f / a=unmcsurf sm;jzifh y,fzsuI f r&acs?
232
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

,cktcsed t f cgwiG f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lrnfh Ekid if aH &;ygwt D zGŒJ tpnf;ESifh jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDvnf; &Sad e+yjD zpfonf? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfo@dk wufa&mufrnfh Ekid if w H 0Sr;f
vk;H rS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;vnf; tqifoif&h adS e=u+yjD zpfonf? jynfoal wGuvnf;/
‚if;wk@d a&G;cs,w f ifajrm‡ ufay;vku d af om jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESifh zGŒJ pnf;xm;onfh
jynfo@l vw $ af wmf/ jynfoŒl tpk;d &ESifh ppfreS af om'Dru dk a&pDEikd if aH wmfay:xGe;f vmonfudk jrifae
csi=f uonf? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;uvnf; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfY jynfoŒl tusKd ;pD;yGm;
rsm;tm; aqmif&u G &f if;/ wkid ;f oljynfom;awG trSew f u,f +ird ;f csr;f om,m+y;D zGŒH òz;d wk;d wufonfh
ppfreS af om'Dru dk a&pDEikd if aH wmf}uD;ukd wnfaqmuf&rnft h csed t f cg ok@d a&mufae+yDjzpfonf?
ppftpk;d &[lonf ppfwyfEiS t fh pk;d &ukad ygi;fpyf+yD;ac:wGijf cif;jzpfonf? tpd;k &onf Ekid if u H dk
pDrcH ef@ct
JG yk cf sKy&f onf? ppfwyfonf Ekid if u H u dk muG,af pmifah &Smuf&onf? xdt k zGŒJ tpnf;ESp&f yfonf
oD;jcm;t&nftaoG;&S=d uonf? ,if;t&nftaoG;ESp&f yftm; a&maESmI (ppftpk;d &) trnf
wGio f nfh tm%m&Sit f zGŒJ ukd zGŒJ v#if t&nftcsi;f r&So d nfh tpk;d &vnf;jzpf/ *k%o f u d mQ rJo
h nfh wyfr
awmfvnf; jzpf&rnfrmS trSeyf ifjzpfonf? ,ckyif vufawGΗuHae&+yDjzpfonf?
ok@d ygaoma=umifh Akv d cf sKyfr;ª }u;D wk@d onf rdrw d @dk bmomzGŒJ pnf;xm;aom Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f
om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpD (ppftpk;d &) ukd zsuo f rd ;f +yD; rdrw d @dk ay;cJo
h nfh uwdu0wftwkid ;f
ppfwef;vsm;od@k jyef=uyg&ef av;av;eufeufawmif;qkv d u kd o f nf?” (qk;H )

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f yxr0gqkv
d qef; (3)&uf?
1999 ckEpS /f ZGev
f (15) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGJ ŒcsKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

233
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrDwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 37 (6§99)

trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ &efuek w

f idk ;f / r*Fvm'kòH rŒe,f pnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ 0ifa[mif;rsm;
jzpf-uaom OD;}unf0if;ESifh OD;wifxeG ;f armifwŒkd ESiyfh wfoufI oufqidk &f m r*Fvm'kòH rdŒe,f
pnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ u/ tzGŒJ csKyf OuUXxHoŒkd ay;ykŒd onfph mukd odom&efjzefŒa0vku d of nf?

(p) 1? tzGŒJ csKyf. pnf;vk;H nD!w

G rf u
_ dk ysujf ym;ap&efvyk af qmifco
hJ nfh OD;oef;xGe;f (a';'&J)ESifh
yl;aygi;f cJah om r*Fvm'kòH rdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
OD;=unf0if; ESifh rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
OD;wifxeG ;f armifw@kd .vky&f yftm; jyif; xefpmG ±_wcf scahJ =umif;ukd òrdŒe,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ taejzifh
od&cdS +hJ yD;jzpfygonf? òrdŒe,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ taeESiv fh nf;
,if;jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uaom OD;wifxeG ;f armifEiS fh OD;=unf0if;
wd@k .vky&f yfudk t,kt H =unfr&Syd ga=umif;ESihf ,if;wd@k (2) OD;tm; jyif;xefpmG ±_wcf svu dk o
f nfh
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD. a=unmcsuu f v dk nf;
tjynft h 0axmufct H yfygonf?

2// xku d o
hJ @kd tzGŒJ csKy.
f pnf;vk;H nD!w G rf u
_ dk ysujf ym;ap&efvyk af qmifco
hJ nfh OD;wifxeG ;f armif
ESifh OD;=unf0if;wd@k . vGrJ mS ;aomvky&f yfonf òrŒd e,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ ESifh rnfo@kd r#ywfoufjcif;r&Syd g?
‚if;wk‹d (2) OD;.vky&f yfrsm;omjzpfygonf? òrdŒe,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ taejzifv h nf; ‚if;wd@k (2) OD;tm;
TtpD&ifcpH mjzifh jyif;xefpmG ±_wcf svu dk yf gonf?

3? xd@k tjyif tzGŒJ csKyfA[kt

d vkyt f r_aqmiftzGŒJ . --- pmjzifh OD;wifxeG ;f armifEiS fh OD;=unf
0if;wk@d tm; ay;tyfxm;aom tzGŒJ csKyfwm0efrsm;ukd ,m,D&yfqidk ;f vku d o
f nfh !¸e=f um;csuEf iS fh
-- jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (18) OD; (OD;wifxeG ;f armifEiS fh OD;=unf0if;tygt0if) wk@d onf
trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJŒcsKyftm; vkH;0udk,fpm;rðyawmhonfh ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpfa=umif;
ta=umif;=um;onfh !¸e=f um;csut f m;vnf; tjynft h 0axmufcaH =umif;ESihf ,if;wk@d (2) OD;
234
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

tm;vnf; òrdŒe,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ taejzihf rnfonfw h m0efr# ay;tyfxm;jcif;r&Syd g?

4? òrdŒe,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ taejzifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,la&;udv k nf;aumif;/ jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDuv dk nf;aumif;/ tzGŒJ csKyfacgi;f aqmif}u;D rsm;. aqmif&u G cf surf sm;
ukvd nf;aumif;/ tjynft h 0axmufcyH ga=umif;ESihf tzGŒJ csKyfacgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;. !¸e=f um;csuf
rsm;ukd ,k=H unfrt _ jynfjh zifh 'Dru
dk a&pD&&So
d nfw h idk f qufvufvu dk ef maqmif&u G o
f mG ;rnfjzpfyg
a=umif; tpD&ifcw H ifjytyfygonf?

5? TtpD&ifcpH monf r*Fvm'kòH rŒd e,f/ trsKd ;om;'Dru

dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf òrŒd e,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ
tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;. oabmxm;rsm;jzpfygonf?” (qk;H )

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f yxr0gqkv
d qef; (11) &uf?
1999ckEpS /f ZGev
f (23) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGJ ŒcsKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 38 ( 6§99)

1? trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf/ w&m;0ifrw S yf w

Hk ifxm;onf/h w&m;0iftrsKd ;om;Edik if H
a&;udprP sm;udk jynf0h pGmaqmif&u G yf ifkd cf iG &hf adS om Edik if aH &;ygww D ckjzpfonf? 1990 jynhEf pS /f arvY
usi;f ycJah om ygwpD 'Hk rD ukd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D wGif oufqidk &f mrJqEN&iS f jynfov l x l . k
wcJeufaxmufcrH j_ zifh tEkid &f cJ=h uaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onfvnf;/ Edik if aH wmf
jyefwrf;wGix f nfo h iG ;f a=unmxm;aom w&m;0ifvw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpfonf? xk@d a=umifh
trsKd ;om;'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyrf t S a&G;cs,cf u H , kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wf awmfu, kd f
pm;vS,rf sm;jzpfonf?

2? xkw d &m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmf ray:
aygurf csi;f rnfonfyh *k K~ v
d /f rnfonft
h zGŒJ tpnf;ur# xkwyf ,fjcif;/ todtrSwrf ðyjcif;/ vlwpk
235
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
tm; +crd ;f ajcmuf/ t=uyfuikd /f vSnzhf sm;um t,kt H =unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh
t"rRvyk }f uyH rJG sm;udk vkyaf qmifapjcif;rsm; vk;H 0vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf &Sad y? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
rsm;ud, k w f idk yf if/ w&m;Oya'enf;vrf;t&r[kwv f #if rdrq d ENoufoufjzifh E_wx f uG yf ikd cf iG rhf &Sad y?
w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$waf wmfuomv#if Oya'pnf;urf;t&E_wx f u G cf iG ðhf yjcif;/ xkwyf ,fjcif; ponf
wk‹d ðyvkyEf idk o
f nf?

3? w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,wf OD;tm; ta=umif;rJ/h w&m;Oya'rJ/h t,kH

t=unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh vky}f uyH rJG sm;udk yk*K~ vd wf OD;uaomfvnf;aumif;/
tzGŒJ tpnf;wckuaomfvnf;aumif;/ vlwpkukd tok;H csIvkyu f ikd af ejcif;onf/ Ekid if w H uma&G;
aumufyrJG sm;. Oya'/ vkyx f ;Hk vkyef nf; tpOftvmrsm;udk qef@usijf cif;jzpfonf? jrefrmEdik if /H
Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w
Hk ifjcif; Oya'ESihf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'jyÏmef;csurf sm;udk
qef@usijf cif;jzpfonf? w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;. tESpo f m&ESihf teuft"dyg` ,u f zkd suq f ;D jcif;jzpfonf?
jynfojl ynfom;rsm;. w&m;Oya'udv k u
dk ef maom tavhtusiu hf zkd suqf ;D jcif;jzpfonf? tm%m
ydik rf sm;u/ tm%mudk tvGet f u|t H ok;H ðyjcif;jzpfonf? tm%mydik rf sm;ud, k wf idk f w&m;Oya'udk
csKd ;azgujf cif;jzpfonf?

4? Ekid if w
H Ekid if w H iG f rjzpfoifah om/ rvkyo f ihaf omudp&P yfrsm; jzpfay:vkyu f ikd jf cif;onf/ trsKd ;
om;*k%o f u d mQ udu k sqif;aponfukd tav;teufowdxm;&rnfjzpfonf? Ekid if o H rdik ;f udk trnf;
a&mifq;dk jcif;jzpfonf? Ekid if . H ypPKy`etf ajctaeudk aESmuf,u S zf suq
f ;D jcif;jzpfonf? Edik if t H em*wf
ukd [ef@wm;ydwq f ‹dk jcif;jzpfonf? trsKd ;om;oifjh rwfa&;/ wkid ;f &if;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;udk rESpòf rŒd
rvkvd m;jcif;jzpfonf?
5? od@k aomf ,if;uJo h @kd tav;teufxm;tyfonfrsm;ukd rsuu f ,G ðf yum/ trsKd ;om;'Dru dk
a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk t,kt H =unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcH
awmha=umif;qko d nfh t"rRvyk }f uyH rJG sm;udk vlwpkut kd ok;H csv#u/f tm%mydik w f @dk uvkyaf qmifae
=uqJjzpfonf?

6? ,ck =um;odae&onfrmS / {&m0wDwidk ;f / "EkjzLòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(f 1)rS trsKd ;om;'Drkd

ua&pDtzGŒJ csKy. f w&m;0ifjynfoŒl vGwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;0if;jriht f m; t,Ht
k =unfr&S/d vk;H 0r
axmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nf/h t"rR vlwpkatmf[pfyu JG /dk ðyvky&f efppD Ofaeonf[k =um;od&onf?
,if;rJqENe,frS OD;0if;jrif&h &Sad om ckid v
f rHk t
J a&twGurf mS (20388) rJjzpf+yD; &mckid Ef e_ ;f tm;jzifh
(55²57) &mckid Ef e_ ;f jzpfonf?

7? ,if;od@k t"rR atmf[pfyJG ðyvky&f eftwGuf -

(u) 2-6-99 &ufae@wiG f qum}uD;aus;&Gm/ tm%mudik f tzGŒJ cG±J ;Hk cef;Y/ qum}uD;
wku d ef ,ftwGi;f &Sd aus;&Gmtm%mudik t f zGŒJ 0ifrsm;ESihf }u§›H zGŒH tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ud/k òrŒd e,f
}u§›H zGŒH twGi;f a&;rª; OD;pd;k 0if;qko
d El iS hf tzGŒJ u awGŒqkt H pnf;ta0;ðyvkyI f / OD;0if;jrifh

236
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
tm; t,kt H =unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif; vlwpkatmf[pfyðJG yvky&f ef/
wtdrw f ufqif; vdu k vf v H ufrw S af &;xd;k &ef vrf;!¸eo f nf[o k &d &dS onf?
(c) 3-6-99 &ufae@wiG f qum}uD;wku d ef ,f/ vufqaJG csmif;aus;&GmwGif OD;0if;qdo k l
OD;aqmifaomtzGŒJ u uGi;f qif;aqmif&u G of nf[o k &d onf?
(*) 3-6-99 &ufae@wiG f oðywku d ef ,f/ awmif}uD;aus;&GmwGi/f aus;&Gmtm%mydik f
tzJŒG OuUÏ apmwifcsKd qdo k /l }uH§› zGŒH tvkyt f rªaqmif &Jav;qko d /l wpnygwrD S
OD;atmif!e¸ @f qo dk w l @kd OD;aqmif+yD;/ q,ftrd rf ;ª / &mtdrrf ;ª rsm;u/ aus;&GmtwGi;f &Sd
touf (18) ESp&f o dS w l idk ;f udk twif;t=uyfvufrw S af &;xk;d cdik ;f onf[o k &d onf?
(C) 6-6-99 &ufae@n tcdsew f iG /f pHuif;wdu k ef ,ftwGi;f &Sd aus;&Gmrsm;Y }u§›H zGŒH toif;
0ifrsm;u/ wtdrw f ufqif;oGm;I touf (18) ESp&f o dS rl sm;udk t"rRvufrw S af &;xk;d
cdik ;f onf[o k &d onf?
(i) 6-6-99 &ufae@wiG f oðyaus;&Gm tm%mudik t f zGŒJ OuUÏ OD;ausmcf ifqo dk /l }uH§› zGŒH
toif;0if udpk ef;atmifqo dk /l &mtdrrf ;ª OD;xGe;f !¸e@f qo kd /l OD;at;armifqo kd El iS hf
OD;jrpk;d qko d w l @dk u/ &Gmol&mG om;rsm;udk aus;&Gmpm=unfw h udk w f iG f pka0;ap+y;D / jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;0if;jrift h m; raxmufcaH wmha=umif; t"rRvufrw S af &;
xk;d cdik ;f onf[o k &d onf? rxk;d olrsm;tm; ay:ayguv f mrnfh jy\emtcuftcJrsm;
twGuf rxk;d olrsm;.wm0efomjzpfa=umif; +cdr;f ajcmufajymqko d nf[k qko d nf?
(p) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;0ifjrif. h rJqENe,fwiG yf g0ifaom wDauGaus;&Gm
wGif wpnpnf;±k;H a&;rª; OD;atmifaiGqo kd /l }u§›H zGŒH &yf§aus;acgi;f aqmif udak e0if;qkd
olw@kd u/ tdraf xmifpZk ,m;rsm;udk odr;f ,l+yD;/ &Gmbke;f }uD;ausmif;twGi;f &Gmom;
rsm;udk pka0;apum/ t"rRvufrw S af &;xk;d cdik ;f onf[k od&onf?
8? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'wGif ,if;uJo h @kd / ravsm=f oZmok;H jcif;/ +cdr;f ajcmuf
vSnzhf sm;jcif;/ tm%mudk tvGet f u|o H ;Hk jcif;tm;jzifh w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
rsm;ud/k toa&zsucf iG /hf ±_wcf sciG /hf y,fzsucf iG rhf sm; vk;H 0jyÏmef;xm;jcif;r&Syd g? ,if;vky&f yfonf
Oya'udak usmef if;onfh vky&f yfomjzpfonf?

9? ,if;od@k rif;rJph ±du

k q
f efpmG / vlwpk. t"rRp±k ;kH atmf[pfyw JG iG /f yl;aygi;f yg0if/ }uHpnf/ vkyf
aqmif=uaomolrsm;onf jypfrq _ ikd &f mOya'/ 1950 jynfEh pS f ta&;ay:pDrrH t _ ufOya'/ Oya'
trSwf 5§96 yg yk'rf tcsKd Œwd@k EiS hf +ipd eG ;f aea=umif;awGŒ&onf? ,if;od@k r[kwrf w&m;vky&f yfrsm;udk
jyif;xefpmG ±_wcf svudk o
f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f yxr0gqkvd qkwf (1) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f ZGev
f (28) &uf?
(trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)
237
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 39( 7§99)

1? ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / rk&H mG òrdŒe,f trSwf (1) ESihf trSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.
w&m;0ifjynfolŒv$wfawmfudfk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpf=uaom OD;=unfpkd;ESifh OD;apmatmifwkd@tm;
t,Ht k =unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh vlwpk atmf[pfyðJG yvkyEf idk &f ef rk&H mG c±dik Ef iS hf
òrŒd e,f }u§›H zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;u rw&m;/ twif;t"rR/ vdrv f nfvn S phf m;I/ e,fajrcH jynfov l x l k
tm;/ vufrw S af &;xk;d cdik ;f aeonf[k =um;od&onf?

2? ,if;}uH§› zGŒH toif;0ifqo dk rl sm;onf/ rk&H mG òrdŒe,f (v0u) ±k;H rSawmif;,lvmonf/h tdrf
axmifppk m&if;ykpH pH m&Guv f w
G rf sm;udtk oH;k ðyvsu/f rk&H mG òrdŒe,ftwGi;f &Sd aus;&Gmrsm;/ &yfuu G rf sm;
od@k vSnv hf nf+yD;/ wtdrw f ufqif;0ifa&mufum vuf&ZJ uf&jJ zifh +cdr;f ajcmufajymqk+d yD;/ touf
(18)ESpjf ynf+h yD;olrsm;tm;/ ,if;ykpH pH m&Guv f w G af y:wGif t"rRvufrw S af &;xk;d ckid ;f aeonf[k od&
onf? xk@d jyif ,if;}u§›H zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;u/ &yfuu G af t;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpt D zGŒJ 0if
rsm;udk / (v0u) rS ,if;wk@d ,v l maom ykpH pH m&Guv f w
G rf sm;udk ay;+yD;/ oufqidk &f m &yf§aus; &Sd
touf (18) ESpjf ynf+h y;D olrsm;.vufrw S uf kd t"rRt&,lay;&rnf[k txufp;D jzifh tm%mjycdik ;f
aponf[k od&&dS onf?

3? &yf§aus; tkycf sKyfa&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;u/ t"rR vufrw S af &;xd;k ckid ;f jcif;.ta=umif;&if;udk

ar;jref;=uonft h cg/ }u§›H zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;u/ Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifp. D
jynfoŒl tusKd ;ðyvkyif ef;rsm;udk axmufcaH =umif;odvI dk vufrwS x f ;dk cdik ;f jcif;jzpfa=umif;/ vdrv
f nf
nm0g;Iajz=um;onf[k od&&dS onf?

4? ,if;od@k aus;&Gm&yfuu G rf sm;od@k twif;t"rRvufrw S v f u

kd x
f ;kd ckid ;f jcif;udprP mS òrŒd e,fat;
csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifp. D !¸e=f um;csurf [kwaf =umif;/ òrdŒe,ftm%mykid t f zGŒJ . !¸ef
=um;csurf yg&adS =umif;/ pkpH rf;ar;jref;od&&dS aomtcgwiG /f tcsKd Œaom &yf§aus; tm%mydik t f zGŒJ 0if
rsm;u/ }uH§› zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;.cdik ;f apcsuu f jkd iif;y,f+yD;/ ykpH pH m&Gurf sm;udk jyefvnfay;tyf=u
onf[k od&&dS onf? tcsKd Œ&yf§aus; tm%mydik t f zGŒJ 0ifrsm;u/ wm0efaus±“Hk pwd” oabmr#om
vkyaf qmifay;cJo h nf[k od&onf?

5? }uH§› zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;onf/ rk&H mG òrdŒe,ftwGi;f &Sd aus;&Gmrsm;od@k omG ;a&muf+yD; &Gmol&mG
om;rsm;tm;/ t"rRvufrw S af &;xk;d cdik ;f &mwGif “jy\emray:csi&f if vufrw S o
f mxd;k vkud yf g”/
238
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

vufrw S rf xk;d csiv

f &J ygw,f/ txufuqif;vm&ifawmh/ ud, k jf y\em ud, k &f iS ;f &vdrrhf ,f”/
bmtwGuv f ufrw S x f ;kd &ovJqw dk m usKyfw@dk urkd ar;eJ@/ odcsi&f if (r,u) oGm;ar;/ “vufrw S f
xk;d &ifvyk tf m;ay;rvku d &f bl;/ aiGvnf;raumufap&bl;” tp&So d nfjzifh trsKd ;rsKd ;+cdr;f ajcmuf
vnfq,fIajym=um;=uonf[v k nf; od&&dS onf? xk@d jyif &Gmol&mG om;rsm;u vufrw S xf ;dk ray;
vkud of nf/h ykpH pH m&Gurf sm;wGif }uH§› zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;u ‚if;wd@k zmom vufrw S rf sm;a&;xk;d I
ta&twGujf ynfah tmif/ vkyaf qmif=uonf[k od&onf?

6? rk&H mG òrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) twGi;f &Sd “&if;yef” aus;&Gmtygt0if aus;&GmtcsKd ŒY

}u§›H zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;u t"rRvufrw S af &;xk;d cdik ;f ,Hrk #ru/ ‚if;wk@d .c&D;p&dwEf iS hf pm;p&dwt
f wGu/f
wtdraf xmifv#if (20) usyEf e_ ;f / twif;t=uyfawmif;cHomG ;onf[v k nf; =um;od&onf?

7? ,if;uJoh @dk }uH§› zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;u/ jynfov l xl t

k ay: Yvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;toif;
tzGŒJ rsm;tay: Yvnf;aumif;/ Adv k uf s/ pd;k rd;k / +crd ;f ajcmuf/ t=uyfuikd /f t"rRðy vGr;f rk;d um tEkid u
f sihf
aeonfuv kd nf;aumif;/ ,if;wk@d EiS hf rnfo@kd r# roufqidk o f nfh Ekid if aH &;&mudprP sm;wGif 0ifa&mufpu G f
zuf aESmuf,u S f jc,fv, S af eonfuv kd nf;aumif;/ &yfwef;u&yfcidk ;f &ef oufqidk &f mwm0ef&o dS l
rsm;tm; jyif;xef;pGmwku d w f eG ;f vku
d of nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f yxr0gqdv k jynfah usmf (10) &uf?
2000 jynfEh pS /f Zlvidk v
f (7) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 40 ( 7§99)

1? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;onfrmS (10) vwGi;f od@k yif
a&muf&adS e+yDjzpfonf? ,ckuohJ @dk tcsed =f umjrifph mG xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;a=umifh ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;.
use;f rma&;tajcaeonf wjznf;jznf;xdcu dk v
f m=ua=umif; od&&dS onf?
239
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

2? rauG;wkid ;f / a&eHacsmif;òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(f 2)rS trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.

w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,w f OD;jzpfol OD;cifausm[
f eftm; (6-6-99) &ufae@wiG f
xde;f odr;f a&;pcef;rS aetdro f @kd acwWjyefy@kd ay;onf[o k &d onf? ,ckt}urd jf yefvm&mwGi/f rdom;pk
u owdðyrdonfrmS OD;cifausm[ f ef. use;f rma&;tajctaeqk;d 0g;vm+y;D odoo d mom}u;D ydeu f s
oGm;onf[q k o
kd nf? OD;cifausm[ f efrmS (3)&uftwGi;f t}urd (f 50)ausmf 0rf;av#mum/ tdraf &muf
onftxd0rf;av#mr&yfao;a=umif; od&&Sd onf?

3? oufqidk &f mwm0ef&o dS rl sm;taejzifh xde;f odr;f cHu,

kd pf m;vS,rf sm;. use;f rma&;aq;ppf
aq;jcif;udk wvw}urd cf ef@om a,bk,sppfaq;r_rsKd ;om ðyvkyaf y;onf[k od&onf? wu,fwrf;
ruse;f rmonht f cgwiG v
f nf;aumif;/ xdcu dk 'f %f&m temw& jzpfonft h cgwiG vf nf;aumif;/
ud,k phf &dwEf iS u
hf ,kd t
f uketf uscI H uko=u&onf[k qko d nf?

4? xde;f odr;f a&;pcef;Y OD;cifausm[

f ef0rf;av#mojzifh "mwfqm;a&aomufjcif;/ ta=um
aq;oGi;f jcif; ponfjzifh aq;ukocH,&l mwGi/f ud, k phf &dwuf , kd u
f sc&H onfjzpf&m aiG (2000) usycf ef@
ukefoGm;onf[k od&Sd&onf? ,cifw}udrfwGifvnf; OD;cifausmf[ef. b,fzufvufcv,f
rawmfwq xdcu kd 'f %f&m&pOfuvnf; rdrpd &dwjf zifrh rd d aq;0g;uko&onfjzpf&m aiG (2000)
usycf ef@ ukeu
f scohJ nf[v k nf; od&&dS onf?

5? ewfarmufòrŒd e,frS vGwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w

f OD;onf vnfacsmif;emI tpmròrEd idk o
f
jzifv
h nf;aumif;/ izJòrŒd e,frv
S w$ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,w f OD;onf qD;ausmufwnfojzifv
h nf;aumif;
aq;0g;ukor_c, H &l mwGif rdrw d @dk p&dwjf zifyh if uko=u&onf[k =um;od&onf?

6? zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHvw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (6) OD; ESihf apmif=h uyfol (4) OD; aygi;f (10) OD;
twGuf [if;csupf &mzd;k aiG wae@v#if (1400) usyaf y;onf[k od&onf? wOD;v#if aiG (140)
usyEf e_ ;f omay;jcif;jzpfonf? qefb;kd aiGxnhaf ygi;f =unhv f #i/f cef@reS ;f ajc wOD;v#if w&ufaiG (200)
usyx f ufrydEk idk af y? od@k aomf ud, k pf m;vS,w f OD;twGuf wae@aiG (350) usyEf e_ ;f au|;arG;onf
[k oufqidk &f mwm0ef&o dS w
l @dk u/ toHvi$ x hf m;onf[k =um;od&onf?

240
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

7? aexkid pf m;aomufa&;twGuf oifah vsmo f nhf tok;H taqmifypPn;f rsm; rvkaH vmuf
onfjh yif a&vnf;vkv H aHk vmufavmufr&&So
d jzifh a&rcsKd ;&aom&ufrsm;yif&o
dS nf[k od&&dS onf?

8? TuJo h @dk aomtajctaersm;a=umih/f rw&m;zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHae=u&aom jynfoŒl

v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;. use;f rma&;tajctae usqif;,d, k iG ;f um/ touftE &W m,fjzpf
ay:vmygu oufqidk o f w
l @dk .wm0efomjzpfa=umif; a=unmvku
d of nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f yxr0gqkv d jynfah usmf (10)&uf?
1999 ckEpS /f Zlvidk v
f (7) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 41 ( 7§99)
trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &efuek w
f idk ;f / &efuif;òrdŒe,f. OuUXa[mif;jzpfaom a':cif
at;jrifEh iS yhf wfoufI oufqidk &f mòrdŒe,fpnf;±k;H a&tzGŒJ u tzGŒJ csKyfoŒkd ay;ydŒk onfph mudk od
om&efjzefΠa0vku d o
f nf?

(p)“ta=umif;t&m ? ? &efuif;òrdŒe,f trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmf

ud,k pf m;vS,f (a':cifat;jrif)h . vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;tm; jyif;
xefpmG uef@uw G ±f w
_ cf sjcif;?

1990 ckEpS /f arv (27) &ufae@/ jrefrmEkid if H ygwpD aHk &G;aumufyw JG iG f &efuif;òrŒd e,ftrsKd ;om;
'Drudk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyuf ,
kd pf m;ðy jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f (a':cifat;jrif)h onf jynfov l x l .
k
,k=H unfrt _ jynft h 0axmufcrH jJ zifh tEkid &f &Scd +hJ yD; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf tod
trSwðf ycH&oljzpfygonf?
241
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

,ckrl (a':cifat;jrif)h onf tzGŒJ csKyf. rl0g'oabmw&m;vrf;pOftay: òyu d yJG supf ;D ap&ef
ESihf jynfovl xl . k axmufcw H m0efay;r_tay: opPmrJrh r_ sm;pGmjzifh wkid ;f jynftay: wGiv f nf;aumif;/
jynfov l x
l tk ay:wGiv f nf;aumif;/ tzGŒJ csKyftay:wGiv f nf;aumif; aoGznfqef@usiaf om vkyf
aqmifcsurf sm;onf ol.oabmxm;jzpfygonf?
&efuif;òrdŒe,f tzGŒJ csKyfpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ ESihf vk;H 0roufqidk yf g? od@k ygaoma=umifh (14-6-
99) ae@wiG f tzGŒJ csKyfA[krd x S w k jf yefaom a=unmcsut f m; trsKd ;om'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf &efuif;òrŒd
e,f pnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ rS vk;H 0axmufcaH =umif;ESifh (a':cifat;jrif)h . vkyaf qmifrr_ sm;tay: jyif;jyif;
xefxef uef@uu G ±f w
_ cf svudk yf ga=umif;wifjytyfygonf? &efuif;òrdŒe,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ rS jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDtm; tjynft h 0axmufcaH =umif;ESihf OD;aqmifrt l m;cH,I l quf
vuf&yfwnfI óud;yrf;oGm;rnfjzpfa=umif; wifjytyfygonf?” (qk;H )

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek ðf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f yxr0gqkv d jynfah usmf (15) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f Zlvidk v
f (12) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 42 ( 7§99)
trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf OuUXxHr/S Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf ŒHG òz;d a&;aumifpD
OuUX xHodkŒ (14/ 7/ 99) &ufpGJjzifh ay;ydkŒcJho!fh pmygta-umif;t&mrsm;udk odom&ef
jzefŒa0vkud o
f nf?

(p) “ta=umif;t&m? ? “rw&m;Oya'rJh zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifcx

H m;&onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;. tajctae”?

1? &Sr;f jynfajrmufyikd ;f / vm;±_;d òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS/ jynfov

l x
l u
k vGwv f yfI
w&m;r#wpGma&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onfh OD;oef;aX;tm;/ 6-9-98 &ufae@rpS I tm%m
ydik rf sm;u rw&m;/ Oya'rJh zrf;qD;csKyaf ESmifxm;cJyh gonf? tcdseu f mvrSm (11) vtwGi;f od@k a&muf
&Sdaeyg+yD?
242
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

2? OD;oef;aX;onf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfh jynfolŒv$wfawmf

ud,k pf m;vS,wf OD; jzpfygonf? ‚if;jyif w&m;±k;H csKyfa&SŒaewOD;vnf;jzpfygonf?

3? =um;od&onfo h wif;rsm;t& OD;oef;aX;tm;zrf;qD;xm;onfh tm%mydik rf sm;u/ ae&m

xkid cf if;/ tpm;taomuf tp&So d nfw@dk twGuf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,w
f OD;taejzifh
qDavsmo f ifjh rwfap&ef aqmif&uG af y;jcif;r&S[
d k =um;od&ygonf?

4? ,ck t cg OD ; oef ; aX; onf usef ; rma&;tajctae raumif ; jzpf v m+yD ;

ausmufuyfa&m*g pGu J yfaeonf[k =um;od&ygonf? ‚if;a&m*gaysmufuif;ap&ef/ ukoay;jcif;
vk;H 0r&S?d aq;0g;ay; jcif; vk;H 0 r&S[
d k od&ygonf? vlvcl si;f pmemjcif;vk;H 0uif;rJah eygonf?

5? OD;oef;aX; onf trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . tzGŒJ 0ifwOD;jzpf+y;D / jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,w f OD;jzpfonft h m;avsmpf mG *k%o f a&&Sod nfyh *k K~ v
d }f u;D jzpfygonf? ‚if;.use;f rma&;
twGuf zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;aomolrsm;tay:wGif vk;H 0wm0ef&o dS nfukd ta=umif;=um;ygonf?
‚if;.touftE &W m,fux kd cd u
kd v
f mygv#if rw&m;Oya'rJzh rf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;onfh tm%m
ydik rf sm;tay:wGio f m vk;H 0 (vk;H 0) wm0ef&o dS nfukd ta=umif;=um;ygonf//”(qk;H )

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f 'kw,
d qkv d qef; (3)&uf?
1999 ckEpS /f Zlvidk v
f (15) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

243
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 43 (7§99)

trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rauG;wdik ;f / rif;bl;òrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) jynfoŒl v$wf

awmf ud, k pf m;vS,f OD;vSp;kd ESihf ywfoufI oufqikd &f mòrdŒe,fpnf;±H;k a&;tzGŒJ u tzGŒJ csKyf
odŒk ay;ydŒk onfh pmudk odom&ef jzefŒa0vdu k o f nf?

(p) “ta=umif;t&m? ? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyftwGi;f pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf ò_ yduaJG p

&efEiS hf a&SŒvkyif ef;pOfrsm;ysujf ym;ap&efvyk af qmifco hJ l rif;bl;òrdŒ
e,f/ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;vSp;kd .vky&f yftay: uef@uu G f
±_wcf sjcif;?

1? txufta=umif;t&mygupd EP iS yhf wfoufI rauG;wdik ;f / rif;bl;òrŒd e,f/ òrŒd e,fpnf;±H;k a&;

tzG@J EiS hf tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;u atmufygtwdik ;f qH;k jzwfa=umif; wifjytpD&ifctH yfygonf?

2? qH;k jzwfcsuf - trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf tzGŒJ wGi;f pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf ò_ yduaJG p&efEiS hf
a&SŒvkyif ef;pOfrsm;ysujf ym;ap&ef&nf&, G I f tm%mudik t f zGŒJ ESihf yl;aygi;f vkyaf qmifcahJ om rif;bl;
òrdŒe,frS tzGŒJ csKyf. tvHawmfuu kd ikd pf IJG om v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfa&G;cs,cf &H ol OD;vSp;kd
ESihf taygi;f ygw@kd . vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;tay: av;eufpmG uef@uu G ±f w
_ cf svu kd yf gonf?

(rif;bl;òrdŒe,fpnf;tzGŒJ . qH;k jzwfcsut

f &) ”(qk;H )

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f 'kw,
d 0gqdvk qef; (9) &uf//
1999 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v
f (21) &uf//

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

244
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 44 ( 7§99)

(rSwcf suf ? ? 1998 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (8)&ufaeŒu xkwjf yefa-unmcJo h nfh jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD. a-unmcsut f rSw(f 7)ESihf 1999 ckEpS /f arv (27)&ufaeŒ (9)
ESpaf jrmuf ygwDp'Hk rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG ESpyf wfvnfaeŒwGif jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd f
pm;ðyaumfrwD. qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;ESihf yl;wGzJ wf±y+ g&ef?)

1? 1999 ckEpS /f Zlvidk v f (16) &ufae@u jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,

kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDtpnf;
ta0;udu k si;f ycJ&h m atmufygw@dk wufa&mufonf?
OD;atmifa&$/ OD;at;omatmif/ OD;oef;xGe;f / OD;wifO;D / a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ OD;vGi/f
OD;vSaz/ OD;pk;d jrif/h OD;vGe;f wif/ OD;!¸e@f a0//

2? tqkyd gtpnf;ta0;wGif -
(u) wdik ;f &if;om;a&;&maumfrwDu wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G rf w
_ nfaqmufa&;
twGuf wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkupd rP sm;ESiyhf wfoufI t}uðH ypmwrf;udk wifoiG ;f onf?
(c) b¾m§pD;yGm;§ukeo f ,
G af &;&maumfrwDu pD;yGm;a&;/ b¾ma&;/ tp&do S nfrsm;ESihf
ywfoufI t}uðH ypmwrf;udk wifoiG ;f onf?
(*) ynma&;aumfrwDu jrefrmuav;rsm;ESihf ynma&;ESiyhf wfoufI t}uðH ypmwrf;ukd
wifoiG ;f onf?
(C) use;f rma&;§vlra_ &;aumfrwDu aq;±krH sm;/ aq;ay;cef;rsm; aus;vufuse;f rma&;
Xmersm;/ rdcifEiS u
hf av;use;f rma&; tp&do S nfw@dk EiS yhf wfoufI t}uðH ypmwrf;udk
wifoiG ;f onf?
(i) tvkyo f rm;a&;&maumfrwDu tvkyo f rm;a&;&mESiyfh wfoufonhf pmwrf;udk
wifoiG ;f onf?
(p) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&;&maumfrwDu jynfoŒl v$waf wmfEiS yhf wfoufonfh pmwrf;ukd
wifoiG ;f onf?
(q) umuG,af &;aumfrwDu umuG,af &;ESiyhf wfoufI t}uHðypmwrf;udk wifoiG ;f
onf?

3? awmifov
l ,form;a&;&maumfrwDu oufqidk &f mt}uðH ypmwrf;wifoiG ;f &ef vkad o;
onf?
245
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

4// (u) wkid ;f &if;om;a&;&maumfrwD/ ynma&;aumfrwD/ umuG,af &;aumfrwDrsm;u

wifoiG ;f onfh t}uHðypmwrf;rsm;ESiyhf wfoufI t"duta=umif;tcsurf sm;ESihf ywfoufonf
wd@k uo
kd m jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDu aqG;aEG;=uonf?
(c) Ekid if w
H umqufqaH &;aumfrwD oufqidk &f mudprP sm;udk aqG;aEG;onf?
(*) use&f adS eao;aom t}uHðypmwrf;rsm;ESiyhf wfoufI qufvufaqG;aEG;oGm;rnf
jzpfa=umif; a=unmtyfygonf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkf,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f 'kw,
d 0gqkvd qef; (9) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f Zlvidk v
f (21) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmf udk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 45 (7§99)

trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ {&m0wDwikd ;f usKd ufvwfòrŒe,frqJ ENe,ftrSwf (2)rS tzGŒJ csKyf
udk ud, k pf m;ðycJo
h nfa-umifo h m jynfov l x l uk jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;
aumufwifajrm‡ ufay;vdu k of nfh OD;wif0if;ESiyhf wfoufI òrŒd e,fpnf;±H;k a&;tzGŒJ u tzGŒJ csKyf
od‹k ay;ydŒk onfh pmudk odom&ef jzefŒa0vdu k o f nf?

(p)“{&m0wDwikd ;f / usKd uv
f wfòrŒd e,f trsKd ;om;'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf pnf;±H;k a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;
onf (11-7-99) &ufae@wiG f vwfwavmjzpfay:aeaom Edik if aH &;tajctaet&yf&yfEiS hf ywf
oufI a0zefaqG;aEG;=u+yD; aqG;aEG;csurf sm;ESiqhf ;kH jzwfcsurf sm;udk wifjytpD&ifct H yfygonf?

1? usKd ufvwfòrŒd e,f trSwf (2) rJqENe,fajrwGif trsKd ;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfukd ud,
k pf m;

246
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

ðyI 1990 jynfEh pS f arv (27) &ufae@wiG u f si;f yaom ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyYJG
0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf ahJ om tzGŒJ csKyf tzGŒJ 0if OD;wif0if;onf (14˜351)rJ/ (48³3) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f jzifh a&G;cs,f
cHc&hJ ygonf?

2? od@k aomf ‚if;onf tzGŒJ csKyf. pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf u

_ ykd sujf ym;ap&efvyk af qmifonf/h tzGŒJ
csKyfrS xkwyf ,fxm;+yD;jzpfaom a';'&JòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;
vS,f OD;oef;xGe;f / r*Fvm'Hòk rdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS OD;=unf0if;/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS
OD;wifxeG ;f armif ponfh opPmazmuftyk pf Ek iS yhf ;l aygi;f +y;D tzGŒJ csKyuf kd qef@usicf =hJ uayonf? ,if;vkyf
&yfonf wud, k af wmfvyk &f yfjzpf+y;D tzGŒJ csKyf.pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf u_ òkd yu
d aJG tmif *d%
k ;f *%pkI wrif
&nf&, G f usL;vGeo f nfv
h yk &f yfjzpfayonf?

3? ‚if;onf tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifwOD;jzpfygvsuEf iS hf ygw0D ifxEk iS ahf omfvnf;aumif;/ òrdŒe,ft

vkyt f r_aqmiftzGŒJ ESiahf omfvnf;aumif; wdik yf if!E‡d i_d ;f jcif;/ oabmxm;&,ljcif;r&Syd J ‚if;.qEN
tavsmuf ðyrlaqmif&u G jf cif;jzpfojzifh òrdŒe,ftaeESihf ‚if;.vky&f yfukd tjyif;txef uef@uu G f
±_wcf sygonf? ‚if;.vky&f yfEiS yhf wfoufI TòrŒd e,ftaeESihf vH;k 0ywfoufjcif;r&Sad =umif;udv k nf;
rSww f rf;wiftyfygonf?

4? ‚if;.vky&f yfonf tzGŒJ csKyfpnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;udk csKd ;azmuf±o kH mru/ jynfov l x l k

twGi;f Yyg txiftjrif vGrJ mS ;r_rsKd ;jzpfay:apEdik o f nfth jyif tzGŒJ csKyf.tusKd ;udk vdv
k m;oa,mif
ESihf oyfv#Kd I pnf;vH;k nD!w
G af &;udòk zcd o
JG nfv
h yk &f yfjzpfojzifh usKd ufvwfòrŒd e,f ygw0D ifxu
k ,
kd pf m;
t&vnf;aumif;/ pnf;±Hk;a&;tzGJŒudk,fpm;t&vnf;aumif; uef@uGuf±_wfcsa=umif;udkvnf;
rSww f rf;wiftyfygonf?

5? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD. OD;wif0if;yg opPmazmuftyk pf u

k kd jyif;xefpmG
±_wcf sonfh a=unmcsuu f v
kd nf; tjynft h 0axmufcyH gonf? ” (qk;H )

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f 'kw,
d 0gqdv k qef; (10) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v
f (22) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

247
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 46 ( 7§99)

1? {&m0wDwikd ;f / vyGwmW òrŒd e,f rJqENe,fajrtrSwf (1) ESit hf rSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uaom OD;=unf0if;ESihf a'guw f m
at;=uLwk@d tm; t,kt H =unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh Oya'rJ/h w&m;rJh atmf[pf
yGðJ yvky&f ef òrŒd e,ftm%mudik t f zGŒJ . !¸e=f um;csujf zifh Edik if aH &;ESirhf nfo@kd r#roufqidk o f nfh }u§›H zGŒH
toif;rStzGŒJ 0ifrsm;onf &yfuu G §f aus;&Gm toD;oD;&Sd rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l }k u;D tm; twif;t"rR
+crd ;f ajcmufI vku d v
f v
H ufrwS af &;xk;d aeonf[k =um;od&onf?

2? ‚if;udpEP iS yhf wfoufI tzGŒJ csKyfjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,kd pf m;vS,f (2) OD;rS rdrwd @dk onf
tzGŒJ csKyftay: ,k=H unfrj_ ynf0h pGmjzifh &yfwnfaea=umif;ESihf tzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpfI rnfo@kd r# E_wx
f uG rf nfr[kwaf =umif; rJqEN&iS jf ynfov
l x
l x
k H yef=um;
v$mpmwrf;wckukd xkwjf yefa=unmcJyh gonf?

3? vyGwmW òrŒd e,f tm%mudik t f zGŒJ rsm;/ }u§›H zGŒH rsm;/ &yfuu G §f aus;&Gm tm%mudik t f zGŒJ rsm;
onf Zlvidk v f yxrywfwiG f tpnf;ta0;rsm; jyKvky+f yD; òrdŒr (10) &yfuu G Ef iS hf aus;&GmtoD;oD;
wd@k wiG f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (2) OD;tm; uef@uu G ±f w_ cf syðJG yvky&f efppD Ofaea=umif;od
&onf? tcsKd ŒrSm vufrw S af &;xk;d &efcsed ;f qkad om±k;H ok@d oGm;a&mufjcif;rðybJ “tJ'v D dk uef@uu G yf JG
awGvyk af evJ w&m;0ifwmr[kwb f ;l ? ud,k pf m;vS,af wGukd xkwv f @kd &wmrSr[kwb f ?J rw&m;vkyw f hJ
udp/P igw@kd u,kd w
f idk yf g+y;D 0ifrvkycf sib f ;l ” [kqI dk aus;&Gmvlxu k uef@uu G af =umif; =um;od&onf?

4? TuJo h @kd &yf§aus;/ rsm;&Sd touf (18) ESpjf ynh+f y;D olwidk ;f ykpH pH m&Guv
f w
G w
f iG f t"rR+crd ;f
ajcmufvufrw S af &;xk;d cdik ;f aeonfrsm;rSm vyGwmW òrŒd r (5) &yfuuG /f bk&m;vrf;ae òrŒd e,faxmuf
vSr;f a&;tzGŒJ . ud, k pf m;vS,jf zpfol OD;wkpH if;.om; armif[w k of nf anmifvrd f aus;&Gmtkypf /k
}uH§› zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;jzpfaom ae0if;jrif/h oef;aZmfO;D wk@d xH ykpH ZH ,m;pm&Gurf sm; yd@k aqmifay;+yD;
wtdrw f ufqif; vufrw S af &;xk;d ckid ;f a=umif; od&onf?

5? xd@k twl òrdŒr (9) &yfuu

G w f iG f Ekid if aH &;ESihf rnfo@kd r#roufqidk o
f nfh t&Hr;D owfEiS hf }u§›H zGŒH
tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ òrdŒe,f }uH§› zGŒH pnf;±k;H a&;rª; 0if;Ekid Of ;D rS pvlqyd af us;&Gm/ a&G;aus;&Gm
tkypf /k ysOaf xmifwiG ;f aus;&Gm/ uòyad us;&Gmrsm;wGiv f nf;aumif;/ oCFmef;}u;D aus;&Gmtkypf /k *kn H i‡ ;f
248
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

wef;aus;&Gm }uH§› zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if OD;=unf&edS af cgi;f aqmifIvnf;aumif;/ uefbufaus;&Gm/ v_id ;f bke;f
aus;&Gmwk@d wiG v f nf;aumif;/ vyGwv W yk f ajrmufaus; &Gmtkypf /k "rif;acsmif;aus;&Gm tm%mudik f
OuUÏ OD;vSwif/ &mtdrrf ;ª OD;jrifv h id_ /f }uH§› zGŒH rS !¸e@f viG wf @dk onfvnf;aumif;/ ukuKdU tkypf /k caemif
aus;&Gm }uH§› zGŒH rS rif;rif; (c) ausmrf if;xGe;f / Ekifd }f uD;/ q,ftrd rf ;ª OD;twkw H @dk onf OD;atmifjrifq h dk
ol.aetdrw f iG pf ±k ;Hk Ivnf;aumif;/ Akid ;f a'giahf csmif;tkypf /k bduk ek ;f aus;&Gm }u§›H zGŒH rS ode;f jrifh OD;aqmif
I tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ bDww G af us;&Gm }uH§› zGŒH rS OD;wifjrif/h OD;cifarmifwif/h OD;pk;d jrifw h @dk onf
vnf;aumif;/ jyiftvef;tkyk pf /k opfyw k af us;&GmwGiv f nf; }u§›H zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if uHjrifo h nfvnf;aumif;/
a&wGi;f qdyt f yk pf /k t&mawmfaus;&Gm }uH§› zGŒH rS =unfp;kd / !¸e@f 0if;wk@d onfvnf;aumif;/ òrdŒr (5)
&yfuuG rf S OD;pef;armif (ausmif;q&m§+ird ;f ) . om;òrŒd e,f }u§›H zGŒH rS aZmfrif;onf wtdrw f ufqif;
vufrw S f vku d v f aH &;xk;d apI vufrw S af &;xk;d jcif;r&Sad om vlpm&if;tm; &Jpcef;od@k pm&if;ay;I
zrf;qD;csKyaf ESmifta&;,lrnf[k vltrsm;=um;atmif +crd ;f ajcmufajymqkI d vnf;aumif;/ jynfov l l
xktrsm;pdwrf csr;f ajr@atmif trsKd ;rsKd ;ðyrl/ t"rR+cdr;f ajcmufI w&m;Oya'rJv h yk af qmifaea=umif;
=um;od&onf?

6? ,if;uJo h @kd òrdŒe,ftm%mudik t f zGŒJ rsm;/ }uH§› zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;rS rJqEN&iS f jynfov l xl k
tay: rw&m; +crd ;f ajcmuftusyu f ikd I
f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (2) OD;tm; vk;H 0raxmuf
cHawmha=umif;qko d nhf t"rRvufrw S af &;xd;k cdik ;f jcif;rsm;udk trdsK;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS jyif;xef
pGm±_wcf svu
dk o
f nf? TuJo h @dk Oya'rJðh yvkyaf ejcif;rsm; &yfwef;u&yfcifdk ;f &ef oufqikd &f mwm0ef&o dS l
rsm;udv
k nf; wdu k w f eG ;f vku
d of nf?

7? vufrw
S v
f u
dk v
f aH &;xk;d onfh ykpH pH m&Gurf w
d LW udyk ;l wGx
J m;onf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f 'kw,
d 0gqkvd qef; (14) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f Zlvidk v
f (26) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)
249
250
vyGwWmðrd@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmftrSwf(1)rJqENe,fajr/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf rS v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
OD;=unf0if;tm; qENðyaxmufxm;jcif;udk vHk;0raxmufcHawmhyga=umif; ESifh EkwfxGufay;&ef
awmif;qdkqENðy vufrSwfa&;xdk;v$m?

&yfuGuf§aus;&Gmtkyfpktrnf -----------------------
aus;&GmcGJtrnf -------------------

pOf trnf touf tztrnf EdkifiHom;pDppfa&;u'fjym; ynmt&nftcsif; vlrsdK;§bmom tvkyftudkif ae&yfvdyfpm vufaAGyHkpH
1
2
3
4
5
6
jynfoŒl vw

7
8
$ af wmf uk,

9
10
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
 ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 47 ( 7§99)

trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &efuek w f ikd ;f / wGaH w;òrŒd e,frq

J ENe,ftrSwf (2)rS jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;jrv+id Ef iS yhf wfoufI oufqidk &f mòrŒd e,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ u tzGŒJ csKyfoŒkd
ay;yd‹k onfph mudk odom &ef jzefŒa0vku d o f nf?

“(p) ta=umif;t&m? ? &efuek w f idk ;f / wGaH w;òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;jrv_id o f nf trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.
vrf;pOfr0l g'rsm;udak oGzu D m tzGŒJ csKyf.a&SŒvkyif ef;pOfrsm; aESmifah ES;
ysupf ;D ap&efEiS hf tzGŒJ csKyfòyu d aJG p&efO;D wnfaom vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;
tay:uef@uu G ±f w
_ cf sjcif;?

1? txufygupd EP iS yfh wfoufI/ &efuek w

f ikd ;f / wGaH w;òrŒd e,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ ESihf tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;.
oabmwlq;Hk jzwfcsuu
f kd tpD&ifcw
H ifjytyfygonf?

2? qk;H jzwfcsuf ? ? trdsK;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. a&SŒvkyif ef;pOfrsm; aESmifah ES;ysuf

pD;ap&efEiS hf tzGŒJ csKyfòyduaJG p&efO;D wnfI tm%mudik w f @dk .vufuikd wf w k t
f jzpf yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G f
aeol trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyftvHawmf. =oZmt&Sed t f 0gurkd cDS I
dk omvnf;aumif;/ wGaH w;
òrŒd e,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzG@J EiS hf tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;.yHyh ;kd ulnrD a_ =umifv h nf;aumif; v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f
jzpf ta&G;cH&aom OD;jrv_id . f azmufjyefaomvkyaf qmifcsurf sm;udk jyif;xefpmG uef@uu G ±f w
_ cf syg
onf?

(wGaH w;òrdŒe,fpnf;tzGŒJ . qk;H jzwfcsut

f &) (qk;H )”
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f 'kw,
d 0gqdvk jynfah usmf (2) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f Zlvidk v
f (29) &uf?

(trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹f cso
d nf?)

251
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
a-unmcsuftrSwf 48 ( 8§99)
trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ {&m0wDwidk ;f / ajrmif;jròrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(f 2) jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;pk;d rif;ESiyhf wfoufI/ oufqidk &f mòrdŒe,f pnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ u tzGŒJ
csKyfoŒkd ay;ydŒk onfph mudk odom&ef jzefŒa0vku d of nf?

(p) “ta=umif;t&m? ? ajrmif;jròrdŒe,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ . qk;H jzwfcsut

f pD&ifcpH m
ay;ydk@jcif;?

1? ajrmif;jròrdŒe,ftrSwf (2) rJqENe,fajrwGi/f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfukd ud, k f

pm;ðyI/ 1990 jynfEh pS /f arv (27) &ufae@wiG f usi;f yaom ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumuf
yGYJ 0if a&muf,OS òf yid cf ahJ om/ tzGŒJ csKyt f zGŒJ 0if OD;pd;k rif;onf 58²80 &mckid Ef e_ ;f jzifh a&G;cs,cf cH &hJ ygonf?
2? ok@d aomf ‚if;onf tzGŒJ csKy. f pnf;vk;H nD!w G rf u
_ ykd sujf ym;ap&ef vkyaf qmifonfh tzGŒJ
csKyrf S xkwyf ,fxm;+y;D jzpfaom/ a';'&JòrŒd e,ftrSwf (2) rJqENe,frS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
OD;oef;xGe;f ESihf r*Fvm'kòH rdŒe,ftrSwf (1) OD;=unf0if;/ trSwf (2) OD;wifxeG ;f armifponfh opPm
azmuftyk pf Ek iS yhf ;l aygi;f +yD;/ tzGŒJ csKyfuq kd ef@usicf ahJ yonf? ,if;vky&f yfonf wud, k af wmfvyk &f yf
jzpf+y;D tzGŒJ csKyf.pnf;vk;H nD!w G rf u _ òkd yu d aJG tmif *d% k ;f *%pkI/ wrif&nf&, G u f sL;vGeo f nfh vky&f yf
jzpfayonf?
3? ‚if;onf tzGŒJ csKyt f zGŒJ 0ifjzpfygvsuEf iS hf ygw0D ifxEk iS ahf omfvnf;aumif;/ òrŒd e,fpnf;±k;H
a&;tzGŒJ ESiahf omfvnf;aumif;/ wkid yf ifnE‡d id_ ;f jcif; oabmxm;&,ljcif;r&S/d ‚if;.qENtavsmuf
ðyrlaqmif&u G jf cif;jzpfojzif/h òrŒd e,ftaeESihf ‚if;.vky&f yfu/kd tjyif;txef uef@uu G ±f w_ cf sygonf?
‚if;.vky&f yfEiS yhf wfoufI/ TòrŒd e,fEiS hf vk;H 0ywfoufjcif;r&Sad =umif;udv k nf; rSww f rf;wiftyfyg
onf?
4? ‚if;.vky&f yfonf/ tzGŒJ csKyfpnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;udck sKd ;azmuf±o Hk mru/ jynfov l x l k
twGi;f Yyg txiftjrifvrJG mS ;r_rsKd ; jzpfay:apEkid o f nft h jyif/ tzGŒJ csKyf. tusKd ;ukd vkv d m;oa,mif
ESihf oyfv#Kd I/ pnf;vk;H nD!w G af &;udk òzdco JG nfv h yk &f yfjzpfojzif/h ajrmif;jròrdŒe,fygw0D ifxu k ,kd pf m;
t&vnf;aumif;/ òrŒd e,fpnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ ud, k pf m;t&vnf;aumif;/ uef@uu G ±f w _ cf sa=umif;udv k nf;
rSww f rf;wifygonf? ” (qk;H )
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f 'kw, d 0gqdv k jynfah usmf (8) &uf?
1999 ckESpf/ -o*kwfv (4) &uf?

(trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)
252
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 49 ( 8§99)

trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf OuUX u OuUX ygwDp'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f
ya&;aumfr&Sio f Œkd vdyrf _l yD; OuUX Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;a&;aumifpx D o
H Œkd
(5/ 8/ 99)&ufaeŒuay;ydŒk onfh pmygta-umif;t&mrsm;udk odom&efjzefŒa0vku d yf gonf?

(p)“ ta=umif;t&m? ? jynfov

l xl u
k rdro d abmqENt& vGwv f yfIw&m;r#wpGma&G;
aumufwifajrm‡ ufxm;onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;
tm; enf;trdsK;rsKd ;jzift
h a&;,laejcif;?

1? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'udk 31-5-89 &ufae@u Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_
wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ (,ck Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifp)D u Oya'trSw-f
14§89 jzifx h wk jf yefa=unmcJyh gonf? TOya't& w&m;0if&yfwnfciG &hf =uonfh Ekid if aH &;ygwD
toD;oD;u v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;udak &G;cs,I f a&G;aumufyw JG iG f yg0if,OS òf ydi+f yD;
jynfovl x l . k qENuckd , H =l uygonf? od@k EiS hf jynfov l x l u
k axmufc/H wifajrm‡ ufay;vdu k o
f nfh jynf
olŒv$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udv k nf; ygwpD 'Hk rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr
&Siu
f Ekid if jH yefwrf;rsm;wGix f nfI h v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpfa=umif;udk w&m;0ifa=unmcJyh g
onf? od@k a=umifh ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;onf w&m;0ifaeaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;
jzpf=uygonf?

2? Tae&mwGif qef;ppf=unfah pvko d nfrmS urBmwGif rnfonfEh idk if YH rqkd jynfov

l x
l u
k
‚if;. vGwv f yfaomoabmqENt&tkycf sKyfonft h zGŒJ tm; axmufcaH y;rSomv#if tkycf sKyfa&;
atmifjrifygonf? od@k r[kwyf gu atmifjrifjcif;r&S=d uyg? jynfov l x
l .
k tcef;u¾ rnfr# ta&;yg
t&ma&mufa=umif;udk azmfjyvku dk jf cif;jzpfygonf? ‚if;.tcef;u¾udk azsmufzsu/f ao;odrf
atmifvyk If r&yg? &vnf;r&Ekifd yf g?

3? od@k jynfov l xl u
k rdr. d vGwv f yfaomqENt& a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;vku d af om
jynfov l x
l .
k ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uonhf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kfd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk jynfovl x l . k
ppfreS af omqENukd vk;H 0&,ljcif;r&Sb d /J 10-7-91 &ufae@usr/S (jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyu JG kd
27-5-90 &ufwiG f usi;f y+y;D pD;cJo h nfa=umifh wESpaf usmrf )S 1988 ckEpS uf pI wkid ;f jynftm%mudk
odr;f ,lxm;onft h m%mydik rf sm;u Oya'trSwf 10§91 jzpfaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG
253
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

Oya'udk jyifqifonfh Oya'udk xkwjf yefcyhJ gonf? ‚if;jyif “TOya'onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;
aumufyOJG ya'jyÏmef;onfh 1989 ckEpS /f arv (31) &ufae@rpS I tm%mwnfonf[k rSw, f l
&rnf” [k qdx k m;jyefygonf? (2) ESpaf usmv f eG I
f Oya'udk aemufa=umif;jyefxm;jcif;jzpfonf?
Oya'rsm;jyÏmef;jcif; usi0hf wfrsm;ESihf ywfoufI vk;H 0rnD!w G o f nfh vkyaf qmifcsujf zpfygonf?
w&m;Oya' pd;k rd;k a&;[laom aºuG;a=umfoEH iS vhf nf; qef@usiaf eygonf?

4? jynfov l x l u k rdr. d vGwv f yfaomqENt& a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;xm;onhf jynf

olŒv$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; tm%mydik rf sm;u atmufygtwkid ;f vkyaf qmifðyusiahf eonf
udk awGŒ&S&d ygonf?
(u) jynfov l x l u k kd oufqifdk &f mtm%mydik rf sm;u +crd ;f ajcmufIwrsKd ;/ rw&m;/ twif;
t"rRðyusiI hf wzkH pka0;apI rnfonfjh ynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,u f kd t,kt H
=unfr&Sd tp&So d nfh a&G;aumufyOJG ya'rsm;wGif jyÏmef;xm;jcif;r&Sb d /J w&m;vuf
vGw[ f pfatmfapjcif;? Tvky&f yfrmS tvGerf oifah vsmo f nfh udpjP zpfygonf? tcsKd Œ
'Dru kd a&pDEidk if rH sm;wGif oufqidk &f mjynfov l xl uk oufqidk &f mjynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,w f OD;udk tqkyd gEikd if . H jynfov l xl qk ENt& twnfðyxm;onfh zGŒJ pnf;
tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'yg jyÏmef;csurf sm;t& w&m;0ifaomenf;rsm; udt k ok;H ðyI
om jyefac:,lEidk cf iG &hf ydS gonf? ,ckwnf&adS eaomOya'rsm;wGif Tod@k jyÏmef;csuf
rsm; vk;H 0O\krH &Syd g?
(c) tm%mydik rf sm;u w&m;pD&ifa&;Oya'rsm;udk w&m;r#wpGm vku d ef musio hf ;Hk jcif;
r&Syd gb/J jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk tusO;f csjcif; tp&So d nfrsm;udk
aqmif&u G +f yD; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; uk, d pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS &yf
qkid ;f ap±kw H iG rf u/ rnfr#EpS t f wGi;f usi;f yrnfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif yg0ifa&G;aumuf
cGirhf &S[ d k ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f a=unmae
jcif;rSm Oya'udk aemufa=umif;jyefIxkwjf yefxm;onfh Oya't& aqmif&u G af e
jcif;jzpfonfuadk wG@&&dS ygonf? Tod@k ta&;,lro _ nf w&m;0ifjcif;r&Syd g?
(*) Ekid if w H umv$waf wmfrsm;. xk;H wrf;pOfvmt& jynfov l x l u k w&m;r#wpGm a&G;
aumufwifajrm‡ ufay;xm;onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,u f kd aemufa=umif;
jyefOya'ESihf &yfqidk ;f apjcif;rðyEkid yf g? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfwiG o f m oufqidk &f m ud, k f
pm;vS,u f E_wx f u G vf adk =umif; v$waf wmfOuUÏxHo@kd pma&;ta=umif;=um;+yD;
OuUÏu v$waf wmf.oabmwlncD sujf zifo h m E_wx f u G jf cif;udv k ufcEH ikd yf gonf?
jrefrmEkid if w H iG f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya't& v$waf wmfay: ayguv f m
&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; ray:ayguaf o;yg?
(C) tm%mydik rf sm;. tvGeq f ;dk 0g;aomvky&f yfrmS jynfov l x l u k rdro d abmqENt&
vGwv f yfI w&m;r#wpGm a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufay;xm;aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk w&m;Oya't& r[kwb f J tm%mydik t f zGŒJ rsm;u 6-9-98
&ufae@rpS I zrf;qD;/ csKyfaESmif/ xde;f odr;f xm;cJyh gonf?
254
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
Tod@k aqmif&u G jf cif;ESiyhf wfoufI atmufygw@dk uakd zmfjy&rnfjzpfygonf//
(1) rdro d abmqENt& rdrw d idk ;f jynftwGuf aumif;usKd ;udprP sm;aqmif&u G &f ef
trsKd ;om;Ekid if aH &;udk ðyvkyaf qmif&u G jf cif;onf w&m;Oya'ESihf +ipd eG ;f onfv h yk f
ief; vk;H 0r[kwyf g? jrefrmEdik if u H oabmwlvufrw S af &;xk;d xm;onfh ukv
or*~ tjynfjynfqidk &f mvlŒtcGit hf a&;a=unmpmwrf; tyd'k f (9) ESihf ,if;
tm; ydrk &kd iS ;f vif;ap&ef xkwjf yefxm;onfh tjynfjynfqidk &f m jynfojl ynfom;
rsm;. tcGit hf a&;/ Ekid if aH &;tcGit hf a&;rsm;qkid &f m oabmwlncD sut f yd'k f
(9) wk@d EiS hf vku d af vsmnDaxGjzpfygonf?
(2) zrf;qD;xm;jcif;udk zrf;qD;xm;onf[k 0efrcHbJ “{nf&h yd o f mrsm;wGif xm;I
aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm;ðyvkyaf eonf” [k tm%mydik rf sm;u vdrv f nfIa=unmaeyg
onf? aqG;aEG;jcif;vk;H 0r[kwyf gbJ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf
rSvnf;aumif;/ tzGŒJ csKyftzJŒG 0iftjzpfrv S nf;aumif; E_wx f u G af paeygonf?
zrf;qD;xm;+y;D Tod@k vyk af qmifjcif;onf &mZowf}u;D yk'rf udk usL;vGeaf ejcif;
jzpfygonf?
(3) rnfonfw h idk ;f jynfYrqkd jzpfay:aeaom Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/ ynma&;/
use;f rma&; tp&So d nfh jy\emrsm;udk jynfov l x l tk m; zrf;qD;/ csKyfaESmif/
xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;jzifh ajz&Si;f jcif;rðyEdik =f uyg?
(i) trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyftaejzifh az: jy&rnfrmS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;
vS,rf sm;udt k xufyguo hJ ‹kd ta&;,laeygaomfvnf; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG
+y;D I (9) ESpaf usmu f mvod@k a&muf&adS eaomfvnf; a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sif
u oufqidk &f mtpD&ifcpH m ,ae@widk af y:xGuv f mjcif;r&So
d nfyifjzpfygonf? ‚if;jyif
aumfr&Siq f odk nfrmS vkyif e;fw&yftwGuo f m zGŒJ pnf;xm;jcif; jzpfyg onf? ,cktcg
a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y+yD;pD;cJo h nfrmS (9) ESpaf usmaf e+yDjzpfonfa=umifh a&G;aumufyJG
usi;f a&;aumfr&Sio f nf &yfwnfEidk cf iG rhf &Sad wmhyg?

5? rdrw d idk ;f jynfonf urBmt

h v,fwiG f odumQ &Spd mG jzif&h yfwnfae&ef w&m;a&;r¾dKifajzmifh
rwfap&efvnf;aumif;/ rdru d xkwjf yefxm;onfh Oya'rsm;udk rdru d csKd ;azmufjcif;rðy&efvnf;
aumif; w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;aºu;G a=umfoEH iS t
hf nD tm%mydik rf sm;u ðyusiv hf yk af qmif=u&ef tod
ay;wku
d w
f eG ;f tyfygonf?

txufwiG af zmfjyxm;onfh vky&f yfrsm;udv

k nf; uef@uu
G v
f u
dk yf gonf? (qk;H )

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f 'kw,
d 0gqdv
k jynfah usmf (13) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f -o*kwvf (9)&uf?
(trsKd ;om;'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)
255
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡muffvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 50 (8§99)

1? trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf jrefrmEkid if t
H m; tajccHvŒl tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk tmrcH
onfh ppfreS af om'Dru kd a&pDEidk if aH wmfwnfaqmufEidk af &;twGu/f trsKd ;om;Ekid if aH &;udk tjynft h 0
aqmif&u G af eaom w&m;0ifEikd if aH &;ygww D ckjzpfonf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f arvwGiu f si;f ycJah om
ygwpD 'Hk rD ukd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG uD;wGif jynfov l x
l .
k qENr&J mckifd Ef e_ ;f &Spq
f ,fausmjf zifh
tEkid &f xm;aom/ jynfov l x
l , k =Hk unftm;xm;qk;H aom ygww D ckvnf;jzpfonf?

2? rE aW v;wdik ;f / ompnfòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) ESit hf rSwf (2) wk@d rS trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&
pDtzGŒJ csKyfuu kd , kd pf m;ðyaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;jzpf=uonfh OD;odr;f armif
ESifh OD;armifarmifav;onf ompnfòrdŒe,fjynfov l x l .
k wcJeufaomaxmufcrH t _ &/ a&G;cs,f
cHtEkid &f cJ=h uaom w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uonf? Tonfukd oufqikd f
&mtm%mydik t f zJŒG tpnf;uvnf; Ekid if aH wmfjyefwrf;wGif w&m;0if xnfo h iG ;f jyÏmef;a=unm+yD;
jzpfonf?

3? ompnfòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) ESihf trSwf (2) wk@d rS xkw d &m;0if jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,Ef pS Of ;D tm; t,Ht k =unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh rrSerf uef/ rw&m;/
Oya'rJ/h twif;t"rR tEkid u f siI
hf vlp+k yD;/ &or#vw
l pkjzifh w&m;Oya'csKd ;azmufatmf[pfyw JG &yf
ðyvkyEf idk af &;twGuf vlra_ &;toif;[ktrnfay;xm;aom ompnfòrŒd e,f }u§›H zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;ESihf
v,f,mpdu k yf sd K;a&;ESifh qnfajrmif;0ef}uD;Xme 'kw, d 0ef}uD;.trde@f t&[kqu dk m ompnfòrdŒe,f
v,f§qnf 0ef}uD;XmerS0efxrf;rsm;yg yg0ify;l aygi;f v_y&f mS ;=uonf[k =um;od&onf?

256
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

4? ompnfòrŒd e,f/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
ESpOf ;D tay: t,kt H =unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfyh pHk ZH ,m;rsm;wGif twif;t"rR
trnfa&;oGi;f vufrw S af &;xk;d cdik ;f onf[k qko d nf? ,if;rmyifwu kd ef ,f ajrmufyikd ;f e,fajrtwGuf
pmwwfajrmufa&; vkyt f m;ay;pmoifjy=uonfv h il ,frsm;tm; ,if;t"rRvufrw S x f ;dk a&;udpu P kd
aqmif&u G af ponf[o k &d onf// [HZm;wku d ef ,ftwGuf t"rRvufrw S af &;xk;d a&;udpu P /kd òrdŒe,f
}u§›H zGŒH twGi;f a&;rª; OD;oef;pd;k qdo k El iS hf òrŒd e,f }u§›H zGŒH ±H;k / ±k;H tul OD;ausmo f ed ;f qdo
k wdl @dk u OD;aqmif
I }u§›H zGŒH toif;0if (10) OD;ESihf &yfuu G t f m%mydik t f zGŒJ 0ifw@dk u aqmif&u G =f uonf[k od&&dS onf?

5? v_id ;f wufwu dk ef ,f ta&SŒe,fajr/ anmif&rf;wdu k ef ,f ta&SŒe,fajrESihf ,if;rmyifwu dk f

e,f awmifyidk ;f e,fajrwk@d twGu/f t"rRvufrw S af &;xk;d a&;udpu P /kd òrdŒe,f }uH§› zGŒH toif;tr_
aqmif OD;omaX;qko d /l OD;pHxeG ;f qko
d El iS hf &yfuu G f }u§›H zGŒH toif;0if OD;vGiOf ;D qko d w l @dk uOD;aqmifI
aqmif&u G =f uonf[k od&&dS onf? anmif&rf;e,fajrtwGuf t"rRvufrw S af &;xk;d a&;udpu P /kd [HZm;
&Gm }uH§› zGŒH toif;0if OD;cifarmif+idr;f qko d El iS hf v,f§qnf 0ef}uD;Xme pufrv _ ,f,m/ trSwf 26
xGepf ufpcef;rS pufjyif0efxrf; OD;pH=unf qdo k w l @dk uOD;aqmifI aqmif&u G =f uonf[k od&&dS onf?

6? v_id ;f wufwu dk ef ,f ta&SŒydik ;f e,fajr/ [HZm;wku d ef ,f taemufyikd ;f e,fajrwd@k twGuf

t"rRvufrw S af &;xk;d a&;udpu P kd òrŒd e,f }u§›H zGŒH toif;tr_aqmif OD;ode;f ar$; qdo k /l &yfuu
G f }u§›H zGŒH
tr_aqmif OD;pk;d vGif qko d /l ajrpm&if;Xme v§x OD;pD;rª; OD;bdak v; qdo k /l pufrv
_ ,f,m/ trSw2f 6
xGepf ufpcef;rS xGepf ufarmif; OD;ausmo f ef; qko d /l 0gEiS hf yd;k csnvf yk if ef;rS pma&;0efxrf; (1) OD;atmif
a0 qkod /l pku
d yf sKd ;a&;aus;&Gmtkypf k refae*sm OD;bdek D qko d w l @dk uOD;aqmifI aqmif&u G =f uonf[o k &d dS
&onf?

7? aus;&Gmrsm;ESihf òrdŒay:&yfuu G rf sm;&Sd &yf§aus; tkycf sKyfa&; tm%mykid rf sm;ud/k òrdŒe,f

}u§›H zGŒH ±k;H ok@d ac:,l+y;D / vlra_ &;toif;trnfcH }u§›H zGŒH toif;0ifrsm;u/ !Ge=f um;csuaf y;I ,ckuo hJ @kd
t"rR vufrw S af &;xk;d ckid ;f onfh udpu
P /kd &yf§aus; tm%mydik rf sm;taejzifh a=umufa=umuf &GŒH &GŒH ESihf
vkud ef m vkyaf qmifay;ae=u&ojzifh &yfuu G xf w J iG f *k%o
f u
d mQ usqif;um/ &yf§aus; tm%mydik f
tzGŒJ 0ifrsm; rcHcsd rcHom jzpfae=uonf[v k nf; =um;od&onf?

8? rE aW v;wkid ;f / ompnfòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS/ trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.

w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;odr;f armiftm; t,kt H =unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcH
awmha=umif; qkod nfh vlwpk. w&m;Oya'csKd ;azguaf tmf[pfyw JG iG f yl;aygi;f yg0ifvyk af qmif+yD;/
Oya'ausmef if;xm;olrsm;rSm atmufygw@kd jzpf=uonf?
(u) ajrpkd - rkaH wmaus;&GmwGiu f si;f yaom atmf[pfyw JG iG yf g0ifonfh -
- obmywdqo dk rl sm;- OD;rlw;l qdo k (l ajrpd&k mG )/ OD;xGm;}uD; qdo k l (rkaH wm&Gm)/ OD;xGe;f
&Sed f qdo
k l (Oo#pu f ek ;f aus;&Gm tkycf sKyfa&;tzGŒJ 0if)?

257
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

- tcrf;tem;rª;qko d l - OD;ode;f vGif qko d l (rkaH wm&Gm)?

- qENxw k af z:onfqo dk l - OD;!Ge@f armif qko d l (rkaH wm&Gm)?
- rSww f rf;qdo k nfukd ay;tyfol - OD;oef;jrifh qko d l (rkaH wm&Gm)?
- rSww f rf;qko d nfudk vufco H l - OD;apmESpf qko d l (òrdŒe,fOya't&m&S)d ?
(c) &Gm}uD;aus;&GmwGif usi;f yaom atmf[pfyw JG iG yf g0ifonfh -
- obmywdqo dk rl sm; - OD;cspw f ifqo dk l (bl;±k&H mG tkycf sKyfa&; OuUÏ)/ OD;ausmaf t;
qdok l (&Gm}uD;&Gm)/ OD;cifatmifqo dk l (uwfaus;tif;&Gm)?
- tcrf;tem;rª;qdo k l - OD;0if;v_id f qko d l (&Gm}uD;&Gm/ }uH§› zGŒH twGi;f a&;rª;)?
- qENxw k af z:onfqo dk l - OD;rsKd ;OD; qko d l (&Gm}uD;&Gm)?
- rSww f rf;qko d nfuakd y;tyfol - OD;ausmjf rifh qko d l (&Gm}uD;&Gm)?
- rSwwf rf;qko d nfuv kd ufco H l - OD;armifarmifqo dk l (OuUÏ-ompnfòrdŒe,f tkycf sKyf
a&;tzGŒJ §òrdŒe,f aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ cG)J

9? rE aW v;wkid ;f / ompnfòrdŒe,ftrSwf (2) rS/ trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0if

jynf olŒv$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;armifarmifav;tm;/ t,kt H =unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmh
a=umif;qko
d nf/h vlwpk. Oya'csKd ;azguaf tmf[pfyw JG iG f yl;aygi;f yg0ifvyk af qmif+yD;/ Oya'ausmf
eif;xm;olrsm;rSm atmufygw@dk jzpf=uonf?
(u) vdi_ ;f wufaus;&Gm tm;upm;uGi;f wGiu f si;f yaom atmf[pfyw JG iG yf g0ifonfh -
- obmywdqo kd l - OD;tke;f az qdo k l (awmuif;aus;&Gm)?
- tcrf;tem;rª;qko d l - raqGrmxGe;f qdo k l (ausmif;}uD;&yf/ ompnfòrdŒ)?
- qENaz:xkwo f nfqo dk l - OD;cifarmifat;qko d l (=umbufuek ;f &Gm)?
- rSww f rf;qdo k nfuakd y;tyfol - OD;wifaX; (v_id ;f wufaus;&Gm)?
- rSww f rf;qdo k nfuv kd ufco H l - OD;atmifrsKd ;Ekid q f o dk l (jrefrmhv#ypf pf"gwt f m;vkyif ef;/
yifr"gwt f m;cG±J rHk ;ª )?
(c) anmif&rf;aus;&Gm/ txu ausmif;0if;twGi;f usi;f yaom atmf[pfyw JG iG yf g0ifonf-h
- obmywdqo kd rl sm; - OD[efqo dk l (wpn ygw0D if)/ OD;pHcif qdo k l (aps;OuUÏ)/ OD;wif
at; qdo k ?l
- tcrf;tem;rª; qko d l -a':pef;pef;a0qko d l (tv,fwef;jy/ anmif&rf; txu)?
- qENaz:xkwo f nfqo kd l - OD;0if;òrdiqf o dk l (aysmu h ek ;f &Gm)?
- rSww f rf;qko d nfukd ay;tyfol - OD;ausmaf omif; qko kd l (pufb;D jyifqidk )f ?
- rSww f rf;qko d nfukd vufco H l - OD;pdex f eG ;f qko d l (q§r OD;pD;rª;a[mif;)?
258
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

(*) =uufarmufaus;&Gm/ tru ausmif;0if;twGi;f usi;f yaom atmf[pfyw JG iG yf g0ifonf-h

- obmywdqo dk rl sm; - OD;xGe;f rSD (=uufarmufaus;&Gm)/ OD;=unf!eG @f (ZD;awm&Gm)/
OD;atmifjr&if (csr;f om}uD;&Gm)?
- tcrf;tem;rª;qko d l - a':aX;aX; qdo k l (tv,fwef;jy/ =uufarmuf tru)?
- qENxw k af z:onfqo dk l - a':ykav; (=uufarmuf&mG )?
- rSww f rf;qdok nfukd ay;tyfol - OD;pk;d jrifh (=uufarmuf&mG )?
- rSwwf rf;qkod nfuv kd ufco H l - OD;at;jrifh (ompnfòrdŒe,f w&m;ol}uD;)?

10? tvm;wl rE aW v;wkid ;f / 0rf;wGi;f òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS/ trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ
csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f a'guw f mvSatmiftm;/ t,kt H =unfr&Sd vk;H 0
raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nf/h vlwpk. w&m;Oya' csKd ;azmufatmf[pfyw JG iG f yl;aygi;f yg0ifvyk f
aqmif+yD;/ Oya'ausmef if;xm;olrsm;rSm atmufygw@kd jzpf=uonf?
(u) bk&m;pkaus;&Gm/ a&$bo Hk m rd;k aumif;bk&m;0if;twGi;f wGif usi;f yaom atmf[pfyw JG iG f
yg0ifonhf -
- obmywdqo kd rl sm;/ tcrf;tem;rª;qdo k rl sm; -
- qENxw k af z:onfqo dk l - OD;&efEidk af qG qko d l [uHopf (awmif) aus;&Gm?
- rSww f rf;qdo k nfuakd y;tyfol - OD;zd;k axmifqo dk l (*k;H awmaus;&Gm)?
- rSww f rf;qdo k nfukd vufco H l - OD;ausmo f q l o dk l (òrŒd e,fygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxG
a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sif tzGŒJ cG-J tzGŒJ 0if)?
(c) yJcif;ausmaf us;&Gmtkypf /k wrmuke;f aus;&Gm wGzJ uftxuwGiu f si;f yaom atmf[pfyJG
wGiyf g0ifonfh -
- obmywdqo kd rl sm;/ tcrf;tem;rSL;qdo k rl sm;
- qENxw k af z:onfqo dk l -OD;pdeaf ygqo dk l (xD;vdi_ f (taemuf)aus;&Gm)?
- rSww f rf;qdo k nfuakd y;tyfol -OD;wifvq S o dk l (pufrv _ yk if ef;&Sif wrmuke;f aus;&Gm)?
- rSww f rf;qdo k nfuv kd ufco H l - OD;xGe;f jrifh qko d l (òrŒd e,fygwpD Hk 'Dru dk a&pDtaxGaxG
a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sif tzGŒJ cG-J tzGŒJ 0if)?
(*) ozef;aus;&Gm tm;upm;uGi;f wGiu f si;f yaomatmf[pfyw JG iG yf g0ifonfh -
- obmywdqo kd l - OD;wufyk (c) OD;vSjrifh qko d l (ozef;aus;&Gm)?
- tcrf;tem;rSL;qdo k l - OD;ode;f av; qko d l (ozef;aus;&Gm)?
- qENxw k af z:onfqo dk l - OD;aomif;qifh qko d l (ozef;aus;&Gm)?
- rSww f rf;qdo k nfuakd y;tyfol - OD;ausmv f iG f qko d l (t+ird ;f pm;ausmif;q&m/ ozef;
aus;&Gm)?
- rSww f rf;qdo k nfukd vufco H l - OD;atmifviG f qko d l (òrdŒe,fygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxG
axGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sif tzGŒJ cG-J tzGŒJ 0if)
259
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

11? tvm;wlppfuikd ;f wkid ;f / rk&H mG òrdŒe,ftrSwf (1) ESihf trSwf (2) rJqENe,frsm;rS/ trsKd ;om;
'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKy. f w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uaom OD;=unfp;dk ESihf OD;apm
atmifw@dk tm;/ t,kt H =unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nf/h vlwpk. w&m;Oya'csKd ;
azmuf atmf[pfyw JG iG f yl;aygi;f yg0ifvyk af qmif+yD;/ Oya'ausmef if;xm;olrsm;rSm ppfyif/ anmifajc
axmuf/ c0Jusi;f / r±d;k awm/ ayguyf if/ u|e;f &Gmopf/ anmifjzLyif/ opfqrd /hf &Gmxk/H a&uefp/k uHjym/
wJ}uD;uke;f / qnf}uD;awm/ anmifyif/ awmifrawm/ awmif=um; ponfah us;&Gmrsm;wGiu f si;f y
aom vufrw S af &;xk;d xm;onfh rSww f rf;qkod nfuakd y;tyfyw JG iG /f wm0ef&&dS ydS g0ifc=hJ uolrsm;ESihf
rSww f rf;qko d nfuv kd ufccH =hJ uaom/ òrŒd e,f ygwpD 'Hk rD udk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumf
r&Sit f zGŒJ cG-J tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;?

12? tvm;wl ppfuikd ;f wkid ;f / 'Dy, J if;òrd@e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ
csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;0if;jrifah tmiftm;/ t,kt H =unfr&Sd vk;H 0r
axmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nf/h vlwpk. w&m;Oya'csKd ;azmufatmf[pfyw JG iG f yl;aygi;f yg0ifvyk f
aqmif+yD;/ Oya'ausmef if;xm;olrsm;rSm -
ysu
H s/ rif;aqGEpS /f ,if;axG/ uscwf/ vufw;D / =unf/ pbm/ rus;D apmuf/ qyfjymusi;f
ponfah us;&Gmtkypf rk sm;wGif usi;f yaom vufrw S af &;xk;d xm;onfh rSww f rf;qko d nfuakd y;tyfyJG
wGi/f wm0ef&&dS ydS g0ifc=hJ uolrsm;ESihf rSww
f rf;qko d nfuv kd ufccH =hJ uaom/ òrŒd e,fygwpD 'Hk rD u
dk a&pDtaxG
axGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sif tzGŒJ cG-J tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;?

13? tvm;wl ppfuikd ;f wkid ;f / ige;f ZGeòf rŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ
csKyf. w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;csKd v_id t f m;/ t,kt H =unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcH
awmha=umif;qko d nf/h vlwpk. w&m;Oya'csKd ;azmufatmf[pfyw JG iG f yl;aygi;f yg0ifvyk af qmif+yD;/
Oya'ausmef if;xm;olrsm;rSm æ
ukvm;aus;&Gm/ om;usiaf us;&Gm/ qyfjymaus;&Gm/ ewf}u;D aus;&Gm/ a&v,faomifaus;
&Gm/ ige;f jrmaus;&Gm/ r*sD aus;&Gm/ ponfh aus;&Gmrsm;wGif usi;f yaom vufrw S af &;xk;d xm;onfh
rSww f rf;qko d nfuakd y;tyfywJG iG /f wm0ef&&dS ydS g0ifc=hJ uolrsm;ESihf rSwwf rf;qko d nfuv kd ufccH =hJ uaom/
òrdŒe,fygwpD Hk 'Drudk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sif tzGŒJ cG-J tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;?

14? ,ckuohJ @kd / jynfov

l x l u
k vGwv f yfI/ w&m;r#wpGm rdrw d @dk .qENt& a&G;
aumufwifajr‡mufay;vku d af om w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk t,kt H =unf
r&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh Oya'rJ/h rw&m; vky&f yfonf-

260
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

- ppfreS af om 'Dru kd a&pDEidk if aH y:xGe;f a&;udk rvkv d m;jcif;?

- tm%m&Sipf epfoufq;dk &Snaf pvkjd cif;?
- w&m;Oya'pk;d rd;k a&;udk ysujf ym;apjcif;?
- jynfov l x l t k m;/ w&m;Oya'tay: ,k=H unfav;pm;vku d ef mr_ysujf ym;apjcif;/
- jynfov l x l t k m; vrf;vGo J @kd !e¸ jf yay;aejcif;?
- Oya'a&;&mwGif ru|r;f usiaf omjynfov l xl t k m; rdru d ,kd u f sKd ;twGuf ckw;Hk vkyt f
ok;H csaejcif;?
- rdru d , kd w f idk jf yÏmef;xm;aom Oya'ukyd ifrav;pm;jcif;?
- tpd;k &wcku jynfov l x l t k m;ay;xm;onf/h uwdu0wfuakd zmufzsujf cif;?
- opPmr&Sd uwdrwnfjcif;?
- ,Ofaus;aomurBmEh idk if rH sm;tokid ;f t0dik ;f wGi/f trsKd ;om;a&;*k%o f ud mQ usqif;ap
jcif;?
- rdrd ud , kd w f idk ðf yvkyaf y;cJah om a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd zsuq f ;D aejcif;?
- jynfov l x l t k m; w&m;Oya'ud/k aoGznf csK;d azmufwwf&ef avhusiahf y;aejcif;/
- jynfov l x l t k m;+crd ;f ajcmuf/ tusyu f ikd /f zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifaomenf;rsm;jzihf jynfo@l
qENtrSeu f dk ajczsuyf pfjcif;/
- vlw@dk . usi0hf wfvu dk ef mjcif;/ ud, k uf siw hf &m;apmifph nf;jcif;/ *k%o f ud mQ xde;f odr;f
jcif; ponfh aumif;jrwfjcif;rsm;udk zsuq f ;D ypfjcif;/
- vlom;. tod^m%fynmudk tok;H csciG rhf ay;bJ/ ADZESit hf pOftvmt& vku d ef m
wwf±/Hk emcHwwf±t Hk qift h wef;ESio hf m jynfov l x l uk q kd ufqaH ejcif; ponfh r
aumif;r_rsm;udo k myGm;rsm;apaomvky&f yfjzpfojzifh jyif;xefpmG ±_wcf suef@uu G f
vku d o f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f 0gacgifvqef; (2)&uf?
1999 ckESpf/ -o*kwfv (7) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)
261
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒvGwfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒvGwfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuf trSwf 51 (8§99)

trsKd ;om;'Duu kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &efuek w

f ikd ;f / vSn;f ul;òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)ESihf trSwf
(2)wdŒk rS jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf-uaom/ OD;apmausmpf ed Ef iS hf OD;pHwifwŒkd ESihf
ywf oufI/ oufqikd &f m òrdŒe,fpnf;¶H;k a&;tzGŒJ u/ tzJŒG csKyfoŒkd ay;ydŒk onfph mud/k odom&ef
jzefŒa0vdu k f onf?

“(p)ta=umif;t&m? ? &efuek w
f ikd ;f / vSn;f ul;òrŒd e,f/ trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ pnf;¶k;H a&;
tzGŒJ . tpD&ifcpH mwifjyjcif;?

1? vSn;f ul;òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS/ OD;apmausmpf ed f ESihf trSwf (2) rS OD;pHwifw@kd onf/
trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfuukd ,kd pf m;ðyI 1990 ckEpS /f arv 27 &ufae@wiG f usi;f yaom ygwpD kH
'Dru
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyYJG yg0if,OS òf ydiI f jynfov l x
l .
k axmufcrH t_ jynft h 0&&Scd o
hJ /l
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tjzpf a&G;cs,cf cH &hJ ygonf?

2? vSn;f ul;òrŒd e,ftrSwf (1) rJqENe,frS v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;apmausmpf ed Ef iS hf vSn;f
ul;òr@d e,f trSwf (2) rJqENe,frS v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;pHwifw@kd onf/ a';'&J rJqENe,f trSwf
(2) rS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;oef;xGe;f / r*Fvm'Hk rJqENe,ftrSw(f 1)rS OD;=unf0if;/
rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS OD;wifxeG ;f armif ponfh opPmazmuftyk pf Ek iS yhf ;l aygi;f +y;D / tzJŒG csKyu f kd qef@usif
cJ=h uayonf? ,if;vky&f yfonf ‚if;wd@k (2) OD;qENjzifh aqmif&u G cf jhJ cif;omjzpf+y;D / tzGŒJ csKy.
f pnf;vk;H
nD!w G rf u
_ òkd yduaJG tmif *d%
k ;f *%pkI/ wrif&nf&, G uf sL;vGeof nfv h yk &f yfrsm;omjzpfygonf?

3? ,if;wd@k (2) OD;onf/ vSn;f ul;òrdŒe,f tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;jzpfygvsuf ygw0D ifrsm;.
oabmxm;&,ljcif; wpHw k &maqmif&u G jf cif;r&Sb
d /J rdrw
d @kd qENoabmxm;tavsmuf ðyrlaqmif
&Gujf cif;omjzpfygonf? trSwf (2) rJqENe,f v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;pHwiftaejzifh rdrt d rd w
f iG f
pdu
k x f x l m;onfh trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJŒG csKyfqikd ;f bkwu f v kd nf;/ 1996 ckEpS w
f iG f (1) }udr/f 1999
ckEpS wf iG f (1) }urd /f aygi;f (2) }urd w f ikd w
f ikd f rdrq
d ENjzifðh zwfcscyhJ gonf? òrŒd e,ftaejzifh xdv k yk &f yfrsm;udk
tjyif; txef uef@uu G ¶f w_ cf sygonf?
262
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

4? xdvk yk &f yfrsm;ESiyhf wfoufI/ vSn;f ul;òrŒd e,f tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ESiahf omfvnf;aumif;/
òrdŒe,fpnf;¶k;H a&;tzJŒG taejzifah omfvnf;aumif; vH;k 0 (vH;k 0) ywfoufjcif;r&Syd g?

5? xdv k yk &f yfrsm;onf/ tzJŒG csKy.

f pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;udk csKd ;azmuf¶o Hk mru/ jynfov l x
l k
twGi;f txiftjrifvrJG mS ;r_rsKd ;rsm; jzpfay:vmEdik o f nfth jyif tzJŒG csKyf. pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;udk
òzcd o
JG nfv
h yk &f yfrsm;jzpfojzifh vSn;f ul;òrŒd e,f tzJŒG csKyftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ud,k pf m; òrŒd e,fpnf;¶k;H a&;tzJŒG rS
uef@uu G ¶f w
_ cf syga=umif;?

6? vSn;f ul;òrŒd e,f/ tzJŒG csKyt

f zGŒJ 0ifrsm;ud,
k pf m;/ òrŒd e,fpnf;¶k;H a&;tzGŒJ taejzifv h nf;/ ,if;
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpfonfh OD;apmausmpf ed Ef iS hf OD;pHwifw f @kd (2) OD;tm;/ jyif;xefpmG
¶_wcf svu
kd yf gonf?

7? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD. a=unmcsuu f v

kd nf;aumif;/ OD;apmausmpf ed /f
OD;pHwif wd@k tygt0if jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (18) OD;wd@k onf/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJŒG csKyf
tm; vH;k 0 (vH;k 0) ud, k pf m;rðyawmhonfh ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpfa=umif; ta=umif;=um;onfh !¸ef
=um;csuftm;vnf;aumif;/ tjynfht0axmufcHyga=umif;ESifh tzJGŒcsKyfacgif;aqmif}uD;rsm;.
OD;aqmifrr_ sm;udk ,H=k unfrt _ jynfjh zifh 'Dru
kd a&pD&&So d nfwhf ikd f vdu
k ef maqmif&uG o
f mG ;rnfjzpfa=umif;
tpD&ifcH wifjytyfygonf?” (qH;k )
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f 0gacgifvqef;(5)&uf?
1999 ckESpf/ -o*kwfv (16)&uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

263
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 52 (9§99)

yJc;l wdik ;f / rd;k !dòk rŒd e,frS trsKd ;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu/kd ud,
k pf m;ðyIom jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,t f jzpfta&G;cHc&hJ onfh OD;xGe;f a&$EiS yhf wfoufI/ ‚if;òrŒd e,f/ pnf;±H;k a&;tzGŒJ u
ay;ydŒk onfh pmygta-umif;t&mrsm;udk odom&efjzefŒa0vdu k of nf?

(p)“1999 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f xJrmS OD;xGe;f a&$. wynfjh zpfwhJ OD;vSjrifo h nf pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;
ESihf rd;k !du
k kd a&muf&v dS mygonf? OD;xGe;f a&$onf ,ae@ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfA[drk S xkwf
vduk o f nfth wGuf woD;yk*v ~ trwftjzpfEiS hf vma&muf&yfwnfomG ;rnfjzpfa=umif;udk òrdŒe,f
tzGŒJ pnf;rsm;udw k ifjyvmygonf? wifjycsuu f kd òrŒd e,ftzGŒJ pnf;rS vH;k 0raxmufcyH g? ‚if;yk*Kd~ vfukd
rJxnfah y;vdu k =f uonfu trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrmS aqmif&u G &f efjzpfygonf? woD;yk*v ~
twGuf ay;vdu k o f nfr[kwaf oma=umifjh zpfygw,f? u|Eykf w f @kd rd;k !dòk rdŒe,f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzGŒJ csKyfonf A[dt k rsKd ;om;'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEiS hf aoGznfygu vH;k 0axmufcv H rd rhf nfr[kwf
a=umif; tpD&ifct H yfygonf?
OD;xGe;f a&$. ,ae@vyk af qmifrr_ sm;onf u|Eykf w f @kd rd;k !dòk rŒd e,f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
ESivhf nf; vH;k 0roufqikd yf ga=umif; u|Eykf w f @kd tzGŒJ pnf;rSvnf; OD;xGe;f a&$tm; vH;k 0OD;aqmifrw _ m0ef
ray;xm;yga=umif;udk twdtvif; A[dak umfrwDtm;ta=umif;=um;tyfygonf?
u|Eykf wf @kd rd;k !dòk rdŒe,ftzGŒJ pnf;onf A[dak umfrwD.vkyaf qmifrt _ m;vH;k udk axmufcyH g
onf? !¸e=f um;r_tm;vH;k udv k nf; vduk ef musio hf ;kH aeygonf? ” (qH;k )

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f 0gacgifvjynfah usmf (12) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv(7) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)
264
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 53 (9§99)

1? 'l0g OD;aZmfatmiftm; ucsijf ynfe,f/ 0dik ;f armfrq

J ENe,frS jynfov l x l uk vGwv f yfI
w&m;r#wpGm a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufay;vdu k af oma=umifh 1990 jynfEh pS /f arvwGiu f si;f ycJo
h nfh
ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyYJG trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfukd ud,
k pf m;ðyonfh jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w
f OD;jzpfayonf?

2? tqdyk g jynfov l xl u k ,
kd pf m;vS,}f uD;tm; tzGŒJ csKyfA[du k wm0efjzifah c:xm;&m 2-
8-99 &uf ae@rpS I A[do k @kd vma&mufowif;ryd@k bJ ysuu f u G af eonfrmS ,ae@wikd jf zpfonf?
‚if;onf ‚if;. ae&yfo@kd vnf; jyefvnfa&muf&jdS cif;r&S[ d k od&&dS onf? ‚if;tm; tm%mydik rf sm;u
zrf;qD;xm;onf[k owif;&&So d nf?

3? 'l;0g OD;aZmfatmif onf 'l0gwOD;jzpfojzifh oufqikd &f mucsiv f rl sKd ;pk. t}u;D tuJtjzpf
todtrSwðf yxm;jcif;cH&onft h jyif oufqikd &f mrJqENe,f/ rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x
l .
k w&m;0if
ud,k pf m;vS,w f OD;jzpfonfa=umifh *k%o
f a&&Syd *k Kd~ vw
f OD;jzpfayonf? ‚if;yk*Kd~ v}f u;D tm; tu,fI
tm%mydik rf sm;u zrf;qD;xm;v#iv f nf; zrf;qD;xm;a=umif;ESihf rnfonfah e&mwGizf rf;qD;xm;
a=umif;rsm;udk oufqikd &f mrdom;pkrsm;ESihf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfo@kd today;&ef wm0ef&dS
ayonf?

4? wdik ;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;wOD;jzpfaom 'l0g OD;aZmfatmifEiS yhf wfoufI tzGŒJ csKyfuod&&dS onf
rSm rnfonf&h mZ0wfru _ rkd # usL;vGejf cif;r&Sad =umif;yifjzpfonf? rdrjd ynfe,fwiG v f nf;aumif;/
rdrw
d ikd ;f jynfYvnf;aumif;/ 'Dru kd a&pDEiS v
hf Œl tcGithf a&;rsm;&&Sad tmif trsKd ;om;Edik if aH &;udk ðyvkyf
aqmif&u G af ejcif;onf rnfonft h jypfurkd # usL;vGejf cif;rrnfay? od@k a=umifh OD;aZmfatmiftm;
tjrefq;kH c|i;f csurf &S/d uef@owfcsurf &Sb d vJ w $ af y;&ef jyif;xefpmG wdu
k w
f eG ;f vdu
k o
f nf?

jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ud,

k pf m;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f 0gacgifvjynfah usmf (12) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv(7) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)
265
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 54 (9§99)

1? &efuek w
f ikd ;f / tif;pdeòf rdŒ&Sd trSwf (2) tajccHynmtxufwef;ausmif;wGif wm0efxrf;
aqmifaeonfh q&mr}u;D a':rm&D,m=unf=unf. vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;tay: ausmif;ol ausmif;
om;rsm;u rauseyfrr_ sm;ESiyhf wfoufI jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDo@kd 30-8-99
&ufae@u a&;om;ay;yd@k onfph mygta=umif;t&mrsm;udo k o
d m&ef jzef@a0vdu
k o
f nf?

(p) “ta=umif;t&m? ? trSwf (2) tajccHynmtxufwef;ausmif; tif;pdewf iG f ynmoif

=um;aeaom ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;u ausmif;tkyq f &mr}uD;
a':rm&D,m=unf=unf. vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;tm; rauseyfI wdik f
=um;jcif;?

u|eaf wmfw@kd . trSwf (2) tajccHynmtxufwef;ausmif;od@k wm0efxrf;aqmif&ef

1997 wGif ausmif;tkyq f &mr}uD; a':rm&D,m=unf=unf ajymif;vJa&muf&v dS mygonf// xko
d @kd
a&muf&w dS m0efxrf;aqmifcsed rf pS I ausmif;om;xktay: u|eyf nma&;pepfo¾mef pnf;urf;rsm;
csrw
S cf yhJ gonf?

(1) ‚if; (a':rm&D,m=unf=unf) a&muf&v dS m+y;D r=umrD ausmif;tay:xyfrsm;od@k zdeyf

pD;I rwuf&[laompnf;urf;csuu f kd csrw S cf yhJ gonf? zdeyfp;D onfukd awGŒcJv h #if '%faiG (25) usyf
ESihf zdeyford ;f qnf;jcif;cH&ygonf? xdo
k @kd zdeyfrpD;&udpEP iS hf ywfoufI ausmif;om;xkrmS vGepf mG
tcuftcJjzpf=u&ygonf? tb,fah =umifq h akd omf ausmif;wufcsed t f rsm;pkrmS rd;k wGi;f umvESihf
aqmif; umvjzpfojzifh rd;k umvwGif rd;k a&rsm;pdpk pkd w G pf w
G f &GŒH rsm;/ AGurf sm;/ tnpfta=u;rsm;
ayvmaomzdeyfukd ausmif;tay:od@k wufcge;D wGif r&GrH &Smudik I f wuf&ygonf? tdro f moGm;onfh
tcg tay:xyfraS tmufxyfo@kd zdeyfuikd o f mG ;&+y;D atmufa&mufrpS ;D cGi&hf ygonf? jyefwufonft h cg
wGiv f nf; zdeyfuu kd ikd I
f wuf&ygonf? xdt k cgwiG f tdro f mrStnpfta=u;rsm;onf zdeyfwiG af y
vmonft h wGuf use;f rma&;±_Œaxmift h aejzifh roifah vsmyf gb;l / aqmif;umvrSm qdck sr;f at;onfh
=um;u tcef;twGi;f zdeyfrpD;&ojzifh ausmif;om;xkrmS at;pufaeaom=urf;jyifay:od@k ajc
axmufcsxm;&onft h wGuf atmufyikd ;f at;+y;D r=umc%zsm;emjcif;jzpf&ygonf? od@k aomfvnf;
tay: xyfwiG f zdeyfrpD;&jcif;onf ,ckwikd &f adS eygao;onf? tay:xyfwiG f zdeyfrpD;&[k qdck ahJ omf
vnf; olw@kd (a':rm&D,m=unf=unfEiS hf q&m/ q&mrrsm;) ud, k wf ikd f ausmif;tay:xyfwiG f zdeyfp;D I
v_y&f mS ;oGm;vmcJyh gonf?
266
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
(2) ausmif;od@k tcsed rf aD &muf&rnf[k qdck yhJ gonf? xd@k twGuf ausmif;om;§ol rsm;onf
rd;k &Gm&Gm aeylyl ausmif;od@k (6;25) em&D tcsed rf aD &mufatmifvm=u&ygonf? aemufusaom
ausmif;om;§ol rsm;tm; '%faiG (25) usyf ESihf }udr'f %f (5) csuf tjypfay;cH&ygonf? xdo k @kd
wif;=uyfpmG pnf;urf;csrw S cf ahJ omfvnf; ‚if; (a':rm&D,m=unf=unf) ud, k wf ikd rf l ausmif;od@k
(11;00)-(11;30) em&Dcef@wiG f a&muf&v dS m+yD; (2;00)-(2;30) cef@wiG f jyefomG ;cJyh gonf?

(3) ausmif;om;xk. t"duypPnrf sm;jzpfaom ausmif;oH;k pmtky/f cJw/H aywHEiS hf abmyif

rsm;udk tcrJt h jzpf tenf;i,fr#xw k rf ay;yJ pmtkyx
f wk af 0olEiS hf q&mr}uD;wd@k y;l aygi;f I “eef;
awmfO;D ” ausmif;ok;H AvmpmtkyEf iS hf cJw/H aywH/ abmyifrsm;udk r0,frae& pepfjzifh twif;t=uyf
a&mif;cscahJ oma=umifh ausmif;om;wa,muftaejzifh tenf;qH;k (500) usyw f efz;kd cef@ 0,f,&l yg
onf? xd@k jyif ausmif;om;§ol rsm;. tygwpf Ofpmar;yGu J kd Oyko/f paeae@rsm;wGipf pfaq;I (1;30)
em&Dajzqd&k ygrnf? wpfvwGif (4) }urd af jzqd&k m (6;00) em&Daomtcsed t f wGuf tcsed yf akd =u;tjzpf
usyf (100) udk aumufccH yhJ gonf? xd@k jyif bma=u;/ nma=u;rsm;udk aumufccH ahJ o;onf? ausmif;
aecsi&f mS aomfvnf; xdo k @kd aumufccH ahJ om tca=u;aiGrsm;udk a=umuf&ŒHG I ynmroif=um;&aom
vli,frsm;udk 0rf;enf;a=uuGzJ , G &f mawGŒjrif&ayonf?

(4) ausmif;ynmoif=um;a&;tydik ;f rSmvnf; wajy;nDwnf;rvkyaf qmifb/J e0rwef;

(A) rS tawmfrsm;udyk J oD;oef@ppk nf;I ( SP - Special Position ) [k tcef;wcef;cGaJ y;I xdt k cef;
tm; aq;okwaf y;jcif;/ yefumwyfay;jcif;rsm;udðk yvkyaf y;ygonf? uset f cef;rsm;udk rlvtwdik ;f
xm;&S+d yD; pmoif=um;r_tydik ;f rSmvnf; xdt k cef; (SP) ESihf rsm;pGmuGmjcm;cJyh gonf? 1998-99
wuUov kd 0f ifpmar;yGaJ jzqdck ge;D wGif 'orwef; (A) ESihf (SP) rS ausmif;om; §ol rsm;udk wcef;vH;k
*k%xf ;l ESiahf tmifrnfo h rl sm;jzpfonft h wGuf ausmif;rwufcikd ;f awmhbJ jyifywGif vGwv f yfpmG
usL&Siw f ufpmusucf iG ahf y;cJyh gonf? use&f adS omtcef;rsm;udk rlvtwdik ;f qufvufI ausmif;
wufcikd ;f cJyh gonf?

(5) 1999 -2000 ynmoifEpS t f wGi;f 'orwef; wef;cGaJ ygi;f (16) cef;&S&d m/ (A)/ (SP)
ESihf (C) wd@k tm; tpd;k &ppf wuUov kd 0f ifpmar;yG}J u;D wGif *k%x
f ;l rsm;&&Srd nfoh rl sm;jzpfonfth wGuf
atmufwb kd mrSpI ausmif;rwufbJ tdrw f iG pf musuu f m usL&Sio f mG ;vmaeEdik af omfvnf; pm
ar;yGJ 0ifa&mufajzqdck iG &hf &ef ausmif;wufcsed f 75 &mcdik Ef e_ ;f jynfah tmifaxmufcðH yvkyaf y;ygrnf[k
‚if; (a':rm&D,m=unf=unf) ud, k w f ikd u
f xkwaf zmfajym=um;cJyh gonf? od@k ayr,fv h nf; use&f adS om
wef;cGJ (13) cef; (D rS P) txdrS ausmif;om;§olrsm;udrk l ausmif;ydwrf ay;bJ pmar;yGaJ jzqdk
cge;D tcsed t f xd ausmif;wufa&mufcikd ;f rnf[k ajym=um;cJyh gonf? rlvvuf&t dS ajctaewGif
ausmif;w&ufysufuGufygu cGifhwdkif;=um;v#if '%faiG (50) usyf owfrSwfaumufcH+yD;
cGirhf wdik =f um;ygu (100) usyt f xdaumufccH yhJ gonf? q&m§q&mr rsm;vnf; twif;t=uyf
aumufcI H vuf&EdS ikd if .
H pD;yGm;a&;tajctaet& qif;&JErG ;f yg;edru hf sveG ;f I pD;yGm;a&; rajyvnf
aomuav;rsm;onf aiGa=u;ray;Edik af omtcg q&mrrsm;u rdbac:rnf+cdr;f ajcmufygonf?
267
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

xdtk cg wae@vyk rf w
S ae@pm;&aomrdbrsm;.b0udek m;vnfaom om;orD;rsm;onf rdbwd@k tm;
rajym&uf/ q&m§q &mr rsm;tm;vnf;a=umuf&ŒHG ojzifh ausmif;ajy;&onft
h jzpfo@kd a&muf&o
dS mG ;
cJo
h nfh ausmif;om;§ol taygi;f rsm;pGm&Scd yhJ gonf?

(6) xdyk nmoifEpS f (1999-2000) wGif ausmif;om; §ol rsm;.rdbrsm;xHrS tvªaiG

aumufccH &hJ m pkpak ygi;f (16) ode;f &&Scd o
hJ nf? xdo
k @kd &&Scd ahJ omtvªaiGrsm;tm; oif=um;r_taxmuf
tulvkyfief;tjzpftoHk;ðy&mwGif ausmif;om; §ol rsm;tm;vHk;&JŒ ynmoif=um;r_twGuf
toH;k rðybJ 'orwef; (A)(B)(C) oH;k cef;twGuo f m oif=um;r_ taxmuftultjzpf toH;k ðycJh
ygonf? 'orwef; (A)(B)(C) oH;k cef;udk ±kyjf rifo=H um;/ em;=uyfw@kd jzifh tqifjh rifph mG oif=um;rnf
jzpf+y;D xdk (3) cef; ('orwef; (A)(B)(C) udk aq;okwjf cif;/ yefumwyfjcif;rsm;ðyvky+f y;D use&f adS om
tcef;rsm; (D rS P) tm; rlvtwdik ;f qufvufoif=um;rnfjzpfygonf? xdt k wGuf ynma&;pepf
onf u|eyf nma&;pepfo¾mefa&muf&adS eovdk jzpfygonf? ausmif;om;rdbrsm;xHrS aumufc&H &Sd
aomtvªaiGukd ausmif;om;tm;vH;k twGuf wajy;nDtoH;k rcsyJ 'orwef; (A)(B)(C) oH;k cef;
twGuf toH;k csjcif;rSm w&m;r#wr_r&Syd gb;l ? u|eaf wmfw@kd &ŒJ acwfrzD ŒHG òzd;wd;k wufaom Edik if aH wmf
opf.ynma&;pepfonf a&S;,cif t*Fvyd v f ufatmufcb H 0 u|eyf nma&;pepfuohJ @kd jyefvnf
a&muf&adS ea=umif; u|eaf wmfw@kd &ifxrJ S cHjyif;pGmcHpm;&ygonf?”(qH;k )

2? txufygupd EP iS yhf wfoufI trSew f &m;ay:ayguaf p&ef/ oufqikd &f mtm%mydik rf sm;u
aqmif&uG af y;&ef wm0ef&o dS nfh tm;avsmpf mG aqmaqmvsiv f siaf qmif&u G af y;&ef wdu
k w
f eG ;f
vduk o
f nf?

jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ud,

k pf m;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f 0gacgifvjynfah usmf (13) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (8) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu wm0ef,I
l jzef‹cso
d nf?)

268
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfol@v$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 55 (9§99)

1? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf w&m;0if&yfwnfaevsuf trsKd ;om;Edik if aH &;rsm;jzpf

onfh 'Dru kd a&pDEiS v
hf Œl tcGithf a&;rsm;&&S&d ef pnf;±Hzk @JG pnf;v_y&f mS ;aqmif&u
G af eaom Edik if aH &;tzG@J
tpnf;jzpfonf? w&m;0if&yfwnfaeonft h m;avsmpf mG Edik if aH &;ygwwD ck.t*F g&yfrsm;jzpfaom
qdik ;f bkw/f tvH/ ±H;k taqmuftOD; tp&So d nfrsm;&S=d u&rnfjzpfonf?

2? od@k aomf tm%mydik rf sm;onf txl;ojzifh trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. qdik ;f bkwf
rsm;udk Oya'rJ/h w&m;r0if/ twif;t"rR vdu k vf ðH zwfcsae=uonf? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w
kH ifjcif;
Oya'wGif tm%mydik rf sm;u xdo k @kd aqmif&uG Ef ikd o
f nfh tm%mtcGit hf a&;&So d nf[k vH;k 0O\Hk
jyÏmef;xm;jcif;r&Syd g? vkyaf qmifaejcif;rsm;onf w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;[laom aºuG;a=umfou H kd
zDvmqef@usijf zpfaeonf?

3? od@k jzpfvifu
h pm; {&m0wDwikd ;f vyGwmW òrd@wiG f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. qdik ;f bkwf
ESihf tvHrsm;onf xdex f ed 0f if;0if;/ 0if0h ifºh uGm;ºuGm;&Sad eonfw@kd ukd oufqikd &f mtm%mydik rf sm;u
vH;k 0r±_prd o
hf nfa=umifh tzGŒJ csKyfqikd ;f bkwu f ðkd zwfcsap&ef/ rw&m;zdtm;ay;jcif;/ t"rRðyonfeh nf;
rsm;jzifh tm%mydik w f @kd u jyif;jyif;xefxefvyk af qmifvsu&f =dS uonf?

4? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf òrdŒe,fpnf;±H;k a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ ±d;k ±d;k tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ tzGŒJ csKyfukd
tm;ay;axmufco H rl sm;ESihf vdv k m;olrsm;.aetdrrf sm;od@k {nfph m&if;ppfrnf[t k a=umif;jyum
ESyd pf uf!i‡ ;f yrf;/ Edik xf ufp;D eif;vkyo f nft h aejzifh ntcsed rf awmfwiG f r=umc%0ifa&muf&mS azG
ppfaq;jcif;rsm;ðyvkyo f nf? wrifoufouf taESmuft,Suaf y;aejcif;jzpfonf? &yf&mG at;csr;f
om,ma&;udk zsuq f ;D aejcif;jzpfonf?

5? xdo
k @kd &mS azGppfaq;&mwGif òrdŒe,fpnf;tzGŒJ 0if OD;armifarmif/ &yf§aus; tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;jzpf
aom OD;wifvi_d /f OD;=unfoef;/ OD;atmifausmpf ;kd wd@k . aetdrrf sm;od@k 0ifa&muf&mS azG&m/ aq;xd;k
tyfEiS hf xd;k aq;tcsKd ŒawGŒ&So d nfqukd m jrefrmEdik if aH q;0g;rsm;jyifqifrt _ ufOya'yk'rf -16 u
jzifh òrŒd e,fw&m;±H;k u 23-8-99 &ufae@u tqdyk g/ rdrw d @kd tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tm; oufqikd &f m q&m0efu
‚if;.ypPn;f rsm;jzpfonf[k oufaocHvsuEf iS yhf if axmif'%f (5) ESpf uscaH p&ef pD&ifcsucf svu kd f
onf?
269
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

6? ,if;tr_ukd Oya'ESit hf nD vduk yf gaqmif&u G uf n l aD y;=uaom A[dw k &m;±H;k a&SŒae}uD;

jzpfonfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,Ef iS hf òrŒd e,fpnf;±H;k a&; OuUÏ OD;=unf0if;/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,Ef iS hf 'k-OuUÏ q&m0ef}uD; a'guw f mat;=uL/ òrdŒe,fpnf; wGb J uftwGi;f a&;rª;
OD;armifarmifat; ESihf ±H;k tzGŒJ rª; OD;pdeo
f ef;wd@k tm; txufwiG af zmfjyxm;onfh tzGŒJ csKy0f ifrsm;tm;
trde@f rcsrwS rf w
D &uftvdk 22-8-99 &ufae@wiG f tm%mydik w f @kd u ajrmif;jròrdŒod@k zrf;qD;ac:
aqmifomG ;cJo h nf? 30-8-99 n (20;00) em&D tcsed cf ef@wiG f xdyk *k Kd~ vf (4) OD;wd@k tm; yk'rf 505
(c) jzifh rw&m;pD&if+yD; tusO;f '%f (2) ESppf D uscaH p&ef rw&m;trde@f csrw S cf o hJ nf?

7? tr_ppfaq;&mwGiv f nf; Oya'ESit hf nD r_cif;jzpfonfah e&mjzpfaom vyGwmW òrdŒwGif

ppfaq;jcif;rðybJ tjcm;òrd@e,fo@kd ajymif;a&GŒppfaq;jcif;onf rSeu f efrr_ &Sad y? rw&m;ta&;,lcH
=u&aomtzGŒJ 0ifrsm;onf w&m;0iftodtrSwðf yjcif;cHxm;&aom rdryd gwt D zGŒJ tpnf;. aqmif
&Gu&f ef&odS nfu
h pd &P yfrsm;udk aqmif&u
G af y;jcif;ESihf rdrt d zGŒJ 0ifrsm;tm; wwfEikd o f avmuf ulnD
vduk yf gaqmif&u G jf cif;omjzpfonf? Tyk*Kd~ vfw@kd tm; Oya'ESit hf nDr[kwb f J tm%mydik wf @kd u
rw&m;ta&;,ljcif;/ wzufowfta&;,ljcif;onf tvGepf ufqw k bf ,G &f mjzpfonf? w&m;pD&if
a&;r¾dKifukd vH;k 0aumufauG;ap&ef aqmif&u G v
f u kd jf cif;jzpfonf?

8? xd@k a=umifh txufazmfjyyg rw&m;tusO;f csxm;jcif; cHxm;&aom trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD

tzGŒJ csKyf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tm; c|i;f csurf &S/d uef@owfcsurf &Sd
tjrefq;kH jyefvnfvw $ af y;&ef tav;teufawmif;qdv k u
kd o
f nf? xdo
k @kd rw&m;ðyrljcif;udv k nf;
jyif;xefpmG ±_wcf svu kd o f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f awmfovif;vqef; (4) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (13) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Drakd &pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso

d nf?)

270
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD (jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
wESpfajrmufaomae‹ a-unmpmwrf;

(16=9=98) &ufae‹rS (16=9=99) &ufae‹txd

1? 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'kH rD u

kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG S wifajr‡mufvu
kd af om jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfukd uk,
d pf m;ðyonfah umfrwD (jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD) udk 16-9-98/
&ufae@u zGŒJ pnf;cJ&h m ,ae@ 16-9-99 &ufae@wiG f wESpaf jrmufonfah e@ jzpfonft h m;avsmpf mG
atmufyga=unmpmwrf;udk xkwjf yefvu kd o
f nf?

2? (u) ygwpD 'kH rD u

kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd 27-5-90 &ufae@u vGwv f yfI w&m;
r#wpGmusi;f ycJo h nf? tqdyk ga&G;aumufyu JG kd Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ §
Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf ŒHG òz;d a&;aumifpD . 31-5-89 &ufae@pjJG zifh xkwjf yefco hJ nfh jynfoŒl
v$waf wmf a&G;aumufyOJG ya' (trSwf 14§89)t& usi;f ycJjh cif;jzpfonf? ,if; Oya'. ed'ge;f wGif
“vGwv f yfI w&m;r#waom ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f yI jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufEikd &f ef”[k wdusjywfom;pGm jyÏmef;xm; onf?
(c) ,if;Oya'. tcef; (1) trnfEiS hf t"dyg` ,af zmfjycsuw f iG -f
- yk'rf cGJ (u) v$waf wmfqo kd nfrmS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfuq kd o kd nf?
xxxxx
- yk'rf cGJ (C) a&G;aumufyq
JG o
kd nfrmS ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu
JG kd
qdok nf?
xxxxx
- yk'rf cGJ (p) v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,q
f o
kd nfrmS v$waf wmfo@kd a&G;aumufwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cH&oluq kd o
dk nf?
xxxxx
æ [k wdusjywfom;pGm jyXmef;xm;onf?
(*) ,if;Oya'. tcef; (2) wGi-f
“v$waf wmfrq J ENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESit hf nD a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvukd af om v$wf
awmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;&rnf?” [k wdwu d sus jywfjywfom;om; jyÏmef;xm;onf?

271
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
3? tqdkyg jynfolŒv$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'onf txufazmfjyyg aocsmvSaom
jyÏmef;csurf sm;t& atmufygtcsurf sm; xifxif&mS ;&Sm; ay:vGiaf eayonf?
(u) ,ck ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f yay;vdu k jf cif;onf wdik ;f ðyjynfðy
v$waf wmftwGurf [kwyf g? Edik if aH wmfzŒJG pnf;tkycf sKyfytkH ajccHOya'a&;qG&J efvnf;
r[kwaf y? Oya'ðytm%m/ tkycf sKyfa&;tm%m/ w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%mrsm;udk
ydik q
f ikd of nfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfukd ac:,lzŒJG pnf;&eftwGuo f mjzpfonf?
(c) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfukd jynfov l xl u
k vGwv f yfIw&m;r#wpGm a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ uf
ay;vdu k of nfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;&rnf?

4? ‚if;jyif ygwpD 'kH rD u

kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f yonft h csed Yf w&m;0if&yfwnfae
=uaom Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;onf a&G;aumufy0JG ifa&mufta&G;cH=u&rnf [lonft h "dyg` ,f yg0ifae
aom Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya' yk'rf (4) u Tod@k jyÏmef;xm;onf? “rnfonfEh ikd if aH &;
ygwrD qdk TOya' t& rSwyf w kH ifciG &hf &S+d yD;rSom a&G;aumufyw
JG iG f 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf iG &hf o
dS nf?”

5? TOya'rsm;udx k w k jf yefonfh Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&; tzGŒJ §Edik if aH wmf

at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpu D wm0eft&vnf;aumif;/ Oya' jyÏmef;csurf sm;t&
vnf;aumif;/ jynfov l xl q k ENt&vnf;aumif; jynfou l kd uwdu0wfrsm;ay;xm;onft&
vnf;aumif; vdu k ef musio hf ;kH &rnfjzpfayonf? od@k aomf vH;k 0O\Hv k u kd ef musio hf ;kH jcif;r&So
d nfrmS
,ae@ óuHawGŒae&onfh tajctaersm;u xif&mS ;aomoufaoom"ursm; jzpfaeayonf? rdrd
uxkwjf yefxm;onfh Oya'jyXmef;csurf sm;udv k nf;aumif;/ rdru d ay;xm;onfh uwdu0wfrsm;
udvk nf;aumif; rdru d ,
kd wf ikd cf sKd ;azmufaejcif;jzpfayonf? Edik if aH wmfordik ;f wGif trnf;uGuf a&;qGJ
vdu k jf cif;jzpfayonf? wdik ;f jynf.*k%o f u
d mQ udk wdik ;f jynfvw l pktzGŒJ u ESrd chf svu
kd jf cif;jzpfayonf?

6? ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG mS 27-5-90 &ufae@wiG f usi;f y+yD;pD;cJo h nf?
jynfov l x l u k jynfoŒl v$waf wmfo@kd wufa&muf&ef ‚if;wk@d .ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; (od@k r[kw)f jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;cJo h nf? ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDaxGaxGa&G;
aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f vnf; rnfonfyh *k Kd~ vo
f nfrnfonfrh q J ENe,f. jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,jf zpfonf[k jrefrmEdik if jH yefwrf;rsm;wGif w&m;0ifa=unmay;cJ+h y;D jzpfonf? xd@k a=umifh
jynfov l x l u k a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufay;vdu k of nfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf ,ae@
xufwikd f w&m;0if&yfwnfv#uyf if&=dS uonf?

7? od@k aomf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfum; ,ae@xufwikd f ay:ayguv f mjcif;r&Sad o;? jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfay:aygu&f efrmS oufqikd &f mOya'udk jyÏmef;ay;xm;aom Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnf
aqmufa&;tzGŒJ §Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpw
D iG o
f m wm0ef&o dS nf r[kwf
bJ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfwiG f wufa&mufI vlxt k usKd ;twGuf jynfoŒl qENt&aqmif&u G af y;&rnfh
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tay: Yvnf; wm0ef&adS yonf? a&G;aumufyw JG iG f yg0ifI
272
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
0ifa&muf ta&G;cHpOfuyif jynfolŒv$wfawmfay:aygufvm&rnfjzpf+yD; v$wfawmfodk@ wuf
a&muf=u&efjzpfonf? rJqEN&iS f jynfov l xl u k vnf; ‚if;wd@k wifajr‡mufay;vdu k o f nfh jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf ay:ayguv f mrnfv h w$ af wmfY jynfov l x l Ek iS hf Edik if aH wmftusKd ;
twGuf wm0ef,al qmif&u G af p&efjzpfonf?
8? txufwiG f a&;om;azmfjyxm;onft h wdik ;f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfay:ayguv f m&ef
tm%mydik rf sm;u ‚if;wd@k .wm0efurkd suu f ,G ðf yI ysuu f u G o
f nfa=umifv h nf;aumif;/ ,if;wd@k u
jynfov l x l o
k @kd t}urd }f urd af y;cJo
h nfu
h wdu0wfrsm;udk csKd ;azmufvu kd o f nfa=umifv h nf;aumif;
a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHxm;&onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;. wm0efjzpfvmay
onf? xdak =umifh 1990 jynfEh pS f ygwpD 'kH rD u
dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l u
k
wcJeufaxmufct H m;ay;jcif;cHxm;&aom trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf u 21-7-98 &ufae@rwdik f
rD jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'yk'rf (3) t& jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef Edik if H
awmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf ŒGH òz;d a&;aumifpD OuUÏxHo@kd w&m;0ifpmjzifah &;om;awmif;qdck o hJ nf?

9? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:ayguaf &;onf 1990 ckEpS u f usi;f ycJo

h nfh ygwpD 'kH rD ukd a&pDtaxG
axGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkEikd if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rS
vnf;aumif;/ woD;yk*v ~ rsm;tjzpf 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydit f a&G;cHonfh yk*Kd~ vfrsm;xJrv S nf;aumif;/
jynfov l x
l uk rdro d abmqENt& vGwv f yfIw&m;r#wpGm a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufay;vdu k of nfh
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f m;vH;k tay:wGif wm0ef&=dS uayonf? a&G;aumufy0JG ifa&mufpOf
u v$waf wmfo@kd wufa&mufI wm0efxrf;aqmif&ef ta&G;cHcjhJ cif;r[kwyf gavm?

10? (u) rdrw d ikd ;f jynf. tcsKyftcsmtm%mwnfjrJae&efvnf;aumif;/ jynfaxmifp}k uD;

ysupf ;D òyu
d oJG mG ;jcif; rjzpfap&efvnf;aumif;/ wdik &f if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;wef;wla&;ESihf 'Dru kd a&pdaD &;rsm;
ay:wGit f ajccHI wdik ;f &if;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;twGuf wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;aoG;pnf;a&;ESihf pnf;
vHk;nD!¸wfa&;udk yDyDjyifjyifwnfaqmuf&efonf tvGefta&;}uD;onfh trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;
rl}u;D w&yf jzpfaeayonf? Trl}u;D uko d &d =dS uonft h av#muf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkygwrD sm; jzpf=u
aom -
- &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
- &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf
- rGet f rsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ
- Zdrk t
D rsKd ;om;uGe*f &uf
æ wk@d u 1988 ckEpS w f iG f wkid ;f jynftm%modr;f ydu k x
f m;onfh t%mydik t f zGŒJ xHo@kd “a&G;
aumufy&JG v'fukd qufvuftaumiftxnf razmfEikd af o;jcif;onf jrefrmhordik ;f wGif trnf;puf
}u;D jzpfaeygonf? xkt d rnf;puf}u;D udk acszsu&f efrmS a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd tjrefq;kH taumift
xnfazmfay;&efEiS hf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:ay;&efrt S y tjcm;enf;vrf;r&Sad y?” [k jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfac:ay;&ef ta=umif;=um;awmif;qdck o hJ nf?
(c) atmufyg wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pktzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;uvnf; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lay;
a&;udk tpOD;yxrY axmufccH o hJ nf?
273
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
- &Sr;f jynfe,f vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHk jynfo@l vw G af jrmufa&;tzG@J (+idr;f csr;f a&;,lxm;+yD;)
- u&ifev D rl sKd ;aygi;f pHk jynfoŒl vGwaf jrmufa&;wyfO;D (+idr;f csr;f a&;,lxm;+yD;)
- rGejf ynfopfygwD (+idr;f csr;f a&;,lxm;+yD;)
- u,ef;jynfopfygwD
(*) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfOuUÏ tjzpf a'guw f mOD;apmjratmif/ &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
OuUÏ tm; wifajr‡mufco hJ nf? a'guw f mOD;apmjratmifonf &cdik jf ynfe,f ajrmufO;D òrdŒe,f rJ
qENe,f trSwf (1) rS jynfov l x l uk a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufxm;jcif;cH&onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,
k pf m;vS,wf OD;jzpfonf? T *k%o f a&&Svd o S nfyh *k Kd~ vf}uD;onf tm%mydik w f @kd u ,ae@wikd f
rw&m;Oya'rJh zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;cHae&onf?

11? (u) xdo k @kd awmif;qdv k u kd o f nfh tcsed rf wdik rf D trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu ygwpD kH
'Dru kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f y+yD;pD;onfh &SpEf pS af jrmufae@ tcrf;tem;ukd 27-5-98
ESihf 28-5-98 &ufae@rsm;wGiu f si;f ycJ+h yD; tzGŒJ csKyfA[dt k vkyrf a_ qmiftzGŒJ u jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ac:,l&rnfh ae@&ufuo kd wfrwS +f y;D Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpx D H ta=umif;
=um;&ef[k wufa&mufvm=uonfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf tzGŒJ 0iftm;vH;k u
wnDw!$ww f nf; qH;k jzwfvu kd o f nfEiS w hf òyid ef uf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf tzGŒJ csKyf
tzGŒJ 0if tcsKd Œtm; 1961 ckEpS f jypfru _ sL;vGew f wforl sm; tufOya' yk'rf -5(1)(p)(q)jzifh tm
%mydik w f @kd u tm%mudt k vGet f u|H oH;k I rw&m;zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxed ;f odr;f cJo h nf?
(c) tqdyk gOya'rSm vl@ou d mQ ysuv f +S y;D vlŒb0wGif vlqo kd nfah 0g[m&udyk if roH;k Edik o
f nfh
tvGe@f tvGerf S nHzh si;f ao;odrv f o S nfv h yk if ef;rsm;ESihf toufarG;0rf;a=umif;ðyaeonfh wu,fv h l
tE<rsm;ESio hf moufqidk o f nf? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,af wmf}u;D rsm;rSm rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l l
xku =unf!akd v;pm;+y;D vlŒtodik ;f t0dik ;f wGif *k%o f u d mQ &S&d EdS iS ahf exdik I
f toufarG;0rf;a=umif;ðy
onfyh *k Kd~ vf}uD;rsm; jzpfonf?
(*) tm%mykid rf sm;.vky&f yfrmS *k%o f ud mQ &Sod nfyh *k Kd~ v}f urD sm;ukd odumQ usap&ef aqmif
&Gujf cif;jzpfonf? toa&ysurf j_ zpfaom &mZ0wfr_ usL;vGeaf ejcif;yifjzpfonf? od@k aomf xdyk *k Kd~ vf
rsm;.*k%o f u d mQ udk rnfo@kd r# csI csKd ;EdrS I f &Ekid rf nfr[kwaf y? &vnf;r&Edik yf g? odumQ rJph mG jzifh aqmif
&Gu=f uolrsm;omv#if odumQ usrnfjzpfayonf?

12? (u) Oya't& jynfolŒv$wfawmfac:,lay;&efudpPESifhywfoufIrl/ Oya'udk vHk;0

tav;rrl *±krðybJ ay;xm;onfh uwdu0wfrsm;/ jynfov l xl . k qENukd tav;rðy/ rsuu f ,G ðf yI
trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pdt
D zGŒJ csKyfEiS hf wdik &f if;om;vlrsKd ;pk Ekid if aH &;ygwD (4) cku jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:ay;
&efawmif;qdck suu f kd 1988 ckEpS rf pS I wkid ;f jynftm%mudu k ikd w
f ,G x f m;onfh tm%mykid rf sm;u
rnfo@kd r# ta=umif;jyef=um;jcif;r&Sb d J vpfv#L±_vu kd o f nf? jynfov l x l . k qENukd qef@usiv f u kd f
onfa=umifh jynfov l xl . k odumQ udv k nf; csKd ;EdrS v f u kd jf cif;jzpfayonf? rðyvkyt f yf/ rðyvkyxf u kd /f
rðyaumif;yg?
(c) vspvf #L±_vu kd ±f rHk u trdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfuu kd , kd pf m;ðyonfh jynfoŒl v$wf
274
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf jynfe,f/ wkid ;f / òrdŒe,f/ &yf§aus; toD;oD;rS pnf;±H;k a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;/
±d;k ±d;k tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tm; tm%mydik rf sm;u tm%mudt k vGet f u|tH oH;k ðyvsuf 6-9-98 &ufae@rpS I
xyfru H m w&m;Oya'rJh zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxed ;f odr;f cJo h nf? tcsKd Œud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;rSm 1988 ckEpS /f
Zlvikd v f rSpI zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;cHc=hJ u&onf? rnfonhf Oya'§enf;Oya'rsm;udrk # usL;vGe=f u
aom yk*Kd~ vf}uD;rsm;r[kw=f uay? oufqikd &f mrJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l u k rdro d abmt& vGwv f yfI
w&m;r#wpGm Oya'rsm;t&/ a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH=u&aom *k%o f a&&S/d *k%o f ud mQ &Sv
d S
onfh yk*Kd~ vfrsm;jzpf=uayonf?
(*) jynfoŒl vGwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf tzGŒJ csKy0f ifrsm;udk rw&m;/ Oya'rJh xde;f odr;f
,Hrk u ‚if;wd@k tm; rdom;pk.aexdik pf m;aomuf&eftwGuu f ykd if t%mydik rf sm;u vdu k vf aH ESmifh
,Su/f rw&m;vkyaf qmifvm=uonf? vH;k 0O\Hk vlvcl si;f pmemjcif;r&Sad y? odrzf si;f vSonfh vky&f yf
jzpfonf?
(C) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (203) OD;/ pnf;±H;k a&;tzGŒJ 0if ESihf ±d;k ±d;k tzGŒJ 0if (787)
OD; csKyfaESmifzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc=hJ u&onf?
(i) trsKd ;om;Edik if aH &;jzpfonfh 'Dru kd a&pDa&;/ vlŒtcGit hf a&;rsm;/ rdrw d ikd ;f jynfwiG f ay:
xGe;f vm&ef rdrw d @kd .pdwq f ENt&aqmif&u G jf cif;onf rnfonft h jypfurkd # usL;vGeo f nfr[kwaf y?
jrifhjrwfaom&nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk aqmif&Guf=ujcif;omjzpfonf? jrefrmEdkifiHu oabmwl
vufrw S af &;xd;k xm;onfh “tjynfjynfqikd &f mvl@tcGit hf a&;qdik &f m a=unmpmwrf; tyd'k f (18)
ESihf (19)wk@d t& *k%&f pSd mG jzifah qmif&u G jf cif;om jzpf=uayonf?”
(p) rw&m;Oya'rJh zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxed ;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHae&aom *k%o f a&&Sd jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; tm%mydik w f @kd u zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxed ;f odr;f xm;onf[k trSef
w&m;udk trSet f wdik ;f ajymqdak =unmjcif;rðybJ “{nfah *[m” rsm;wGix f m;&S+d yD; awGŒqHak qG;aEG;
aeonf[k r[kwrf [wfvrd v f nfI urBmod@k a=unmcJo h nf? trSerf mS ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; jynf
olŒv$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrv S nf;aumif;/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfu ay;tyfxm;
aom wm0efrsm;rSvnf;aumif;/ tzGŒJ csKyt f zGŒJ 0iftjzpfrv S nf;aumif; E_wx f uG af p&ef twif;t"rR
w&m;r0ifpmG &mZ0wfru _ u
kd sL;vGe+f yD; aqmif&u G af ejcif;omjzpfayonf?
(q) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udo k mru/ tzGŒJ csKyf XmecsKyw f iG f XmetoD;oD;/
vkyif ef;tzGŒJ toD;oD;wd@k Y wm0ef,al eonfh tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ jynfe,f§wdik ;f / òrdŒe,f/ &yf§aus; pnf;
±H;k a&;tzGŒJ rS pnf;±H;k a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;udyk g rw&m;zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxed ;f odr;f xm;cJo h nf?

13? (u) od@k EiS hf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfum; ay:ayguv f mjcif;r&So d jzifh trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ
csKyfu/ tm%mydik rf sm;tm; v$waf wmfac:ay;&ef wku d wf eG ;f awmif;qdo k nfah e@jzpfaom 21-8-
98 &ufae@wiG f atmufygtwdik ;f a=unmcJo h nf?
“trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyrf S jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;/ wdik ;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;
rsm;. jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;/ tjcm;Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;
vS,rf sm;ESihf woD;yk*v ~ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm;vH;k wGif jynfoŒl v$waf wmfzŒJG
pnf;a&;ESiphf yfvsO;f I rJqEN&iS rf sm;ESihf jynfov l x l .k oabmqENt& wm0efusa&mufvm+yDjzpfyg
275
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
onf?
(c) xkad =umifh trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pk jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;yg0ifaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfukd r=umrD&uftwGi;f ac:,lzŒJG pnf;rnfjzpf
a=umif; a=unmvdu k yf gonf?
(*) xko d @kd a=unmvdu k &f jcif;onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'udk umuG,f
apmifah &Smufa&;/ w&m;Oya' pd;k rd;k a&;/ ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy. JG teuft"dyg` ,f
ay:vGiaf p&efO;D wnf+y;D trsKd ;om;'Drd u kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu a=unmvdu k jf cif;jzpfonf? ‚if;tjyif Edik if H
awmfEiS hf Edik if o
H m;rsm;. vufiif;ESihf a&&Snt f usKd ;pD;yGm;rsm;twGuf aqmif&u G v
f u
kd jf cif;vnf;
jzpfayonf?

14? txufwiG af &;om;az: jycJo h nft h wdik ;f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk tm%m
ydik rf sm;u rw&m;/ Oya'rJ/h odumQ rJph mG csKyfaESmifzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;vdu k o f nfa=umifh jynfow l @kd
uvdv k m;awmif;waeaom 'Dru kd a&pDvrf;a=umif;zGiahf y;Edik o f nfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfukd ac:,ljcif;
rðyEdik af wmhay?
x x od@k jzpfI jynfov l x l u
k jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; ‚if;wd@k EiS hf wdik ;f jynf
tusKd ;twGuaf qmif&u G af y;&ef/ ud, k pf m;vS,v f t J$ yfay;xm;onfw h m0efrsm;udk vspv f sL±_Ir
xm;Edik o f nfth m;avsmpf mG twdik ;f twmwcktxd/ pGr;f aqmifay;Edik o f r# aqmif&u G af y;&efvnf;
aumif;/
x x jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:ayguv f mv#if 'Dru kd a&pDa&;ay:xGe;f vm+yD; ,if;ESit hf wl vlŒ
tcGit hf a&;rsm;udyk g wd;k wufaumif;rGev f map&efvnf;aumif;/
x x Edi
k if w
H iG jf ynfov l x l k awGΗucH pH m;ae&aom Edik if aH &;/ vlra_ &;/ use;f rma&;/ ynma&;
tp&So d nfh taxGaxGt=uyftwnf;rsm;udk tm%mydik w f @kd usio
hf ;kH aeonfh Edik if aH &;tiftm;pkrsm;
tay: zdtm;ay;tusyu f ikd zf rf;qD;xde;f odr;f onfeh nf;rsm;jzifh taotcsmrajz&Si;f Edik o f nfa=umifh
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDtaejzifh wwftm;or#ajz&Si;f ay;Edik &f efaomfvnf;aumif;
atmufygw@kd yg0ifaom “ 1990jynfEh pS f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG S wifajrm‡ ufvu kd f
aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfukd ud, k pf m;ðyonfah umfrwD (jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;ðy aumfrwD)”
udk 16-9-98 &ufae@wiG f zGŒJ pnf;vdu k o f nf?

15? (u) aumfrwD0ifrsm;rSm atmufygw@kd jzpfonf?

OD;atmifa&$ - &efuek w f ikd ;f / r&rf;uke;f òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,?f
OD;at;omatmif - &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &cdik 'f rD u
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
rGet f rsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ Zdrk ;D trsKd ;om;uGeu f &ufygwD
rsm; ud, k pf m;ðyud, k pf m;vS,?f
OD;wifO;D - 'k OuUÏ/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
a':atmifqef;pk=unf - taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf?
276
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
OD;vGif -&efuek w f ikd ;f / oH;k cGòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfoŒl vGwaf wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,?f
OD;oef;xGe;f - rE aW v;wdik ;f / awmifomòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,?f
OD;vSaz - {&m0wDwikd ;f / armfvòrid òf rŒd u|e;f e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)rS jynfol
v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,?f
OD;pd;k jrifh - &efuek w f ikd ;f / awmifOuUvmyòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)rS jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,?f
OD;vGe;f wif - rGejf ynfe,f/ armfvòrid òf rŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, dk pf m;vS,?f
OD;!¸e@f a0 - yJc;l wdik ;f / awmifiòl rŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,?f
(c) aumfrwD.OuUÏtjzpf OD;atmifa&$uaqmif&u G +f yD; twGi;f a&;rª;rsm;tjzpf OD;at;
omatmifEiS hf OD;oef;xGe;f wd@k u aqmif&u G o f mG ;=urnf?
(*) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDonf 1990 jynfEpS f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxG
axGa&G;aumufyJG Oya'yg jyÏmef;csurf sm;t& jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfac:,lay;a&; taumif
txnfay:vmonfah e@&uftxd v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;aqmif&u G o f mG ;rnf?

16? (u) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDukd atmufygEikd if rH sm;. ygvrD efvw $ af wmf
rsm;u axmufc=H uonf?
- Oa&myor*~ygvrD ef
- tjynfjynfqikd &f mygvrD efrsm; or*~
- aemfa0Edik if yH gvrD ef
jrefrmEdik if vH w G af jrmufa&;!¸e@f aygi;f tzGŒJ (urBmtESt H jym;&Sd wuUov kd rf sm;ESihf tzGŒJ
tpnf;aygi;f (100) ausmw f @kd ut
kd ajccHI zGŒJ pnf;xm;onfh tzGŒJ tpnf;jzpfonf?)
- 'de;f rwftrsKd ;om; ygvrD efqikd &f m Edik if aH &;ygwD (5)ygwD
- b,fv*f s, D H trsKd ;om;ygvrD ef
(c) ukvor*~taxGaxGnDvmcHESifh tjynfjynfqdkif&mvlŒtcGifhta&;aumfr&Sif.
tpnf;ta0;rsm;u ‚if;wd‹k .qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;wGif jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðy
aumfrwDzŒJG pnf;jcif;ukd rSwo f m;xm;a=umif; rSww f rf;wifaz: jyxm;ygonf?
(*) tqdyk gEikd if rH sm;ESihf or*~rsm;rS ygvrD efrsm;ESihf ukvor*~taxGaxGnv D mcHEiS hf tjynf
jynfqikd &f mvlŒtcGit hf a&;aumfr&Siw f @kd ukd jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDu
vdu _ v
f 0JS rf;ajrmufpmG aus;Zl;wif&ydS ga=umif; rSww f rf;wiftyfayonf?
(C) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrwDu tjcm;Edik if H ygvrD eftoD;oD;. axmufcrH _
ud&k &S&d ef qufvufóu;d yrf;oGm;rnfjzpfonf?

17? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,

kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDu atmufygq;kH jzwfcsurf sm;udk csrw
S x
f m;+yD;
277
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
jzpfonf?
- Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;.vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;udk Oya't&aqmif&u G af y;&ef?
- v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; Edik if aH &;t& ajymqdv k yk af qmifjcif;ESiq hf ufE, G o f nfh
udprP sm;udk ta&;,ljcif;rSuif;vGwcf iG ðhf y&ef?
- tm;vH;k aomEdi k if aH &;tusO;f orm;rsm;udk c|i;f csurf &St d jrefq;kH v$waf y;&ef?
- Edik if w
H Edik if w
H iG f wyfrawmfonf r&Srd jzpfvt kd yfonfh tzGŒJ tpnf;wckjzpfonf? wyfr
awmf.wm0efonf Edik if aH wmfEiS hf Edik if o H El ikd if o
H m;rsm;udk umuG,af pmifah &Smuf&efEiS hf
zGŒJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'udk umuG,&f efjzpfonf? jynfov l xl u k ,H=k unfu;dk pm;
cspcf ifonfh acwfr+D y;D / umuG,af &;wm0efukd oef@oef@xrf;aqmifonfh wyfrawmfjzpf
&rnf? jynfow l @kd .qENuOkd ;D xdyyf efum tpOfav;pm;&rnf?
- atmufyg Oya'rsm;udk jynfoŒl v$waf wmfutwnfðy&ef?
(u) Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya'?
(c) toif;tzGŒJ rsm;zGŒJ pnf;jcif;qdik &f mOya'?
(*) ('Dru kd a&pDusix hf ;kH usiehf nf;rsm;ESirhf udu k n f aD om jyÏmef;csurf sm;udck sev f yS I
f ) jynf
olŒv$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'?
- urBmu h v k or*~. taxGaxGnv D mcHwiG f 1989 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (20) &ufae@u
twnfðyjyÏmef;cJah om uav;oli,frsm;tcGit hf a&;rsm;qdik &f m oabmwlpmcsKyfukd
jrefrmEdik if u H yg0ifvufrw S x f ;kd chjJ cif;udk jynfoŒl v$waf wmfutwnfðy&ef?
- atmufygOya'rsm;udk jynfoŒl v$waf wmfuy,fzsu&f ef?
(u) jynfov l x l k (txl;ojzif)h Edik if aH &;orm;rsm;tm; rw&m;ojzift h a&;,l&mY
tvGet f u|o H ;kH pGaJ eaom yk'rf -5 tygt0if 1950 jynfh ta&;ay: pDrrH t _ uf
Oya'?
(c) jynfov l x l k (txl;ojzifh Edik if aH &;orm;rsm;udk rw&m;ojzift h a&;,l&mY toH;k ðy
aeonfh yk'rf -(10) udk r¾dKiðf yIom Edik if aH wmftm; aESmuf,u S zf suq f ;D vdo k rl sm;
. ab;tEN&m,frS umuG,af pmifah &SmufonfOh ya'?
- jynfoŒl v$waf wmftaejzifh jynfov l xl . k tajccHtcGit hf a&;rsm;udk rxdcu kd af pyJ
Edik if aH wmfvòkH cHa&;ESihf wnf+idraf &;udk vHak vmufpmG tumuG,af y;Edik &f ef/ wnfqJ
Oya' toD;oD;udk jyefvnfo;kH oyfI jyifqifoifu h jyifqif&ef?
- atmufygOya'rsm;udk jyefvnfo;kH oyfI jyifqifoifo h nfw@kd ukd jyifqif&ef jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfo@kd wifjyrnf?
(u) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfOya'ESiehf nf;Oya'rsm;?
(c) 'Drdkua&pD a'oE W& tkyfcsKyfa&;Oya'rsm;?
(*) wuUov kd rf sm;tufOya'?
(C) trsm;jynfot l m; twif;t=uyfvyk t f m;ay;cdik ;f apjcif;ESihf ywfoufI tu|r;f
0ifaom aus;&GmtufOya' yk'rf (8) ESihf (12)? TonfEiS hf ywfoufI oH;k oyfcsuf
rsm;udck srw S cf +hJ yD; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfo@kd wifjyrnf?
278
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
- Edik if aH wmfukd ppfreS af om'Dru kd a&pDEikd if aH wmf xlaxmifrnfjzpfonft h wGuf 'Dru kd a&pD
tajccHrrl sm;ESit hf nDjzpfaom Edik if o H m;.tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk umuG,af pmifah &Smuf
ay;onfh Oya'rsm;jzpfonft h jyif w&m;a&;r¾dKifukd ajzmifrh wfay;&eftwGuf pmc|ef
awmftrde@f rsm;udk jynfoŒl v$waf wmfo@kd wifjy+yD; twnfðycsu&f ,l&ef?
18? (u) jynfov l x l t k usKd ;twGuf ydrk I kd twdik ;f twmwcktxdaqmif&u G Ef ikd &f ef jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDu atmufyg jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&;&maumfrwDrsm;udk 8-12-98
&ufae‹wiG f zGŒJ pnf;cJo h nf?
- wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;a&;&maumfrwD?
- b¾m/ pD;yGm;/ ukeo f , G af &;&maumfrwD?
- Oya'a&;&maumfrwD?
- ynma&;&maumfrwD?
- use;f rma&;/ vlra_ &;&maumfrwD?
- Edik if wH um qufqaH &;&maumfrwD?
- awmifov l ,form;a&;&maumfrwD?
- tvkyk o f rm;a&;&maumfrwD?
- v$waf wmfa&;&maumfrwD?
- umuG,af &;&maumfrwD?
(c) ‚if;aemuf atmufygq;kH jzwfcsurf sm;udk csrw S cf o
hJ nf?
- wdik ;f &if;om;a&;&maumfrwDu wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w $ rf w
_ nfaqmufa&;
twGuf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkupd rP sm;ESiyhf wfoufI t}uHðypmwrf;ðypk&ef?
- b¾m/ pD;yGm;/ ukeo f ,G af &;&maumfrwDu pD;yGm;a&;/ b¾ma&; tp&So d nfrsm;
ESiyhf wfoufI t}uHðypmwrf;ðypk&ef?
- ynma&;&maumfrwDu jrefrmhuav;rsm;ESihf ynma&;rsm;ESihf ywfoufI t}uðH y
pmwrf;ðypk&ef?
- use;f rma&;&m/ vlra_ &;&maumfrwDu aq;±H;k rsm;/ aq;ay;cef;rsm;/ aus;vuf
use;f rma&;Xmersm;/ rdcifEiS u hf av; use;f rma&; tp&So d nfw@kd EiS yhf wfoufI
t}uHðypmwrf;ðypk&ef?
- tvkyo f rm;a&;&maumfrwDu tvkyo f rm;rsm;ESiyhf wfoufonfh t}uðH ypmwrf;
ðypk&ef?
- jynfolŒv$wfawmfa&;&maumfrwDu jynfolŒv$wfawmfESifh ywfoufonfh
t}uHðypmwrf;ðypk&ef?
- umuG,af &;&maumfrwDu umuG,af &;ESihf ywfoufaom t}uHðypmwrf;
ðypk&ef?
- awmifov l ,form;a&;&maumfrwDu oufqikd &f mt}uHðypmwrf;ðypk&ef?

19? jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu atmufygqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udkvnf; csrSwf

vdu
k o
f nf?
279
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
- trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEiS hf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkygwrD sm;u jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef w&m;ojzifah wmif;qdv k u
dk +f yD;aemufr/S 1988 ckEpS w f iG f wdik ;f jynf
tm%mudo k rd ;f ,lxm;onfh tm%mydik rf sm;u Edik if aH &;ygwt D oD;oD;rS jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk zrf;qD;/ csKyaf ESmif/ xde;f odr;f jcif;wd@k onf vGwv f yfIw&m;r#
wpGm 1990 jynfEh pS f arvu usi;f ycJah om/ ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG
&v'fukd zsuq f ;D vdu
k jf cif;jzpfonf? Tvky&f yfukd jyif;jyif;xefxef±w _ cf svu kd o f nf?
Edik if tH wGuf tpOftvmqd;k 0g;vSonf? tedÏm±H}k uD;rm;vSonf?
- *syefEikd if t H pd;k &u Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om;,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpD ppfaxmufvrS ;f
a&; t&m&S}d u;D wOD;ud/k tpd;k &.{nfo h nfawmftjzpf zdw=f um;cJjh cif;onf jrefrmEdik if YH
'Dru kd a&pDa&;ESihf vlŒtcGiahf &;twGuf óu;d yrf;ae=uaom tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf yk*Kd~ vrf sm;
udk enf;trsKd ;rs;d jzifah csre_ ;f &mY t"duvkyaf qmifaeaom ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ udk
tm;ay;tm;ajrm‡ ufðy&ma&mufonfa=umifh *syefEikd if aH tmufvw $ af wmfEiS hf txuf
v$waf wmfEpS &f yfw@kd . OuUÏrsm;xHo@kd pmjzifah &;om;I jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðy
aumfrwD. pd;k &drrf E_ iS hf rausrcsr;f jzpfrr_ sm;udk ta=umif;=um;cJo h nf?
- jrefrm§xdik ;f ydik ef uf yifv,fa&jyifwiG f wzufEikd if rH S ig;rsm;ud0k ifa&mufzrf;jcif;ESihf
ywfoufI tcif;jzpfymG ;cJjh cif;ESihf ywfoufI jrefrmEdik if yH ikd ef ufyifv,fEiS hf yifv,f
ZHk tay: tcsKyftjcmtm%mydik q f ikd rf E_ iS phf yfvsO;f I wbufEikd if u H rnfonft h cgr#/
wpHw k &m tjiif;yGm;r_r&Scd b hJ ;l onfh u|e;f (3) u|e;f ydik q f ikd rf u_ ykd g qufE, G v f monf
a=umifh tjiif;yGm;r_upd &P yfrsm;udk ESpEf ikd if w H @kd u tdref ;D em;csi;f yDopGm/ csp=f unf&if;ES;D
+idr;f csr;f pGmajz&Si;f Edik rf nf[k ,H=k unfa=umif;?

20? (u) Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpu D jrefrmEdik if w H iG f vlO;D a&wd;k yGm;
vmrnfjzpfaoma=umif/h tpm;tpmzlvakH &;twGuEf iS hf awmifov l ,form;rsm;aexdik &f m aus;
vufa'orsm;rSmvnf; zGŒH òz;d wd;k wufvmap&ef[al om ta=umif;jycsujf zifh atmufygprD cH surf sm;
csrw
S cf o
hJ nf?
- pyg;udk aEGpyg;pdu k yf sKd ;a&;ESiw hf uG ajrvGw/f ajrvyf/ ajr±dik ;f / a&eufuiG ;f rsm;wd;k csŒJ I pyg;
pdu
k yf sKd ;&ef?
- ESr;f / yJtrsKd ;rsKd ;/ qDtek ;f ESihf a&mfbmyifrsm;udk wd;k csŒJ pdu k yf sKd ;&ef?
- om;/ ig;/ ykZeG f arG;jrLa&; wd;k csŒJ vkyaf qmif&ef?
(c) TpDrcH sut f & ,cifuvkyu f ikd af e=uaom jynfov l x l t k wGu/f tcGit hf a&; ay;oifh
oavmufray;bJ/ yk*v ~ u
d vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;udk txl;tcGit hf a&;rsm;ay;xm;onf?
(*) rlvvufiw k f vkyu f ikd af eolrsm;onf ajrulv/D ,mulvD tajctaeod@k a&muf&u dS ek f
=urnf?
(C) od@k ygojzifh Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifp. D pDrcH suo f nf rdrd
Edik if w
H iG f t}uD;rm;qH;k aomtiftm;jzpfonfh awmifov l ,form;rsm;ESihf vH;k 0
oufqikd af eonfa=umif/h ‚if;wd@k ud, k pf m; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfwiG f ta=utvnf
aqG;aEG;I v,f,mu¾rlcsrw S af y;&rnf[k qH;k jzwfcsucf srw S cf o
hJ nf?
280
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

21? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDu zGŒJ pnf;vdu k o f nfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&;&m
aumfrwDrsm;u ‚if;wd@k EiS hf oufqikd o
f nfh t}uðH ypmwrf;rsm;udk aumfrwDu vufc&H &S+d y;D jzpfonf?
tqdyk gt}uHðypmwrf;rsm;udk aumfrwDu tpnf;ta0;rsm;t}udr}f udru f si;f yum aqG;aEG;!dES id_ ;f
oH k ; oyf I t}uH ð ypmwrf ; rsm;ud k wk d i f ; jynf v l x k o d & S d E d k i f a p&ef 1990 jynf h E S p f
ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk
ud,
k pf m;ðyonfah umfrwD. ESpyf wf vnftpD&ifcpH mwGif xnfo h iG ;f azmfjy+y;D xkwjf yefrnfjzpfonf?
t}uHðypmwrf;rsm;udk jynfoŒl v$wf awmfo@kd wifjyoGm;rnfjzpfa=umif;?

22? ed*;Hk csKyftaejzifh atmufygtcsurf sm;udk az:xkwo f mG ;rnf?

yxrOD;pGmwifjyvko d nfrmS rdru d ,
kd u f sKd ;udpk eG @f y,fIvnf;aumif;/ toufay;Ivnf;
aumif;/ rdrw d idk ;f jynfwiG f 'Dru kd a&pDEiS hf vlŒtcGit hf a&;rsm;&&S&d ef ZG/J owW/d 0d&, d / t"dÏmefw@dk EiS hf
pdw"f gwcf idk +f rJpmG aqmif&u G =f uonfa=umifh tm%mydik rf sm;. rw&m;/ Oya'rJh zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif
xde;f odr;f jcif;ukcd aH e=u&aomyk*Kd~ vfrsm;tm; txl;av;eufpmG cs;D rGr;f axmyemðya=umif; jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDu rSww f rf;wif*% k ðf yvku d af =umif; a=unmvku d o f nf?
rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l xl u k ‚if;wd@k . vGwv f yfaomoabmqENt& rJay;/ axmufcaH y;
cJah om/ *k%o f u d mQ &Sv d o S nfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; rw&m;/ odr;f zsi;f vSonfh
enf;trdsK;rsKd ;jzifh tm%mydik t f zGŒJ rsm;u odumQ csaejcif;udk av;eufpmG ±_wcf svu dk o f nf? vk;H 0O\kH
rvkyo f ifrh vkyx f u dk af om ao;Ekyaf omðyr_csurf sm;jzpfayonf?
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;rS tzGŒJ 0ifw@dk onf 'Dru kd a&pD
a&;ESihf ‚if;ESifh wGJzufaeaom vlŒtcGifhta&;rsm; &&Sd&ef pGJjrJaom cH,lcsufESifh ckdkifrmaom
t"dÏmefw@dk &Sad eonfa=umifh wkid ;f jynfwiG f 'Dru dk a&pD tjrefq;Hk ay:xGe;f vmrnfukd txl;wvnf
,H=k unfonf?
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;tm;/ ±d;k om;ajzmifrh wfpmG tcuftcJtrsKd ;rsKd ;=um;rS
yifyifyrf;yrf; vkyu f ikd pf m;aomufae=u&onfh jynfov l x l u
k kd twif;t"rRpak 0;apI tm%m
ydik t
f oD;oD;u rw&m; Oya'rJh “t,kt H =unfr&S/d vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;” tp&So d nfh
t"dyg` ,u f if;rJ+h yD; atmf[pfapjcif;vkyif ef;&yfrsm;onf -
· ppfreS af om 'Dru kd a&pDEidk if aH wmfay:xGe;f a&;udrk vkv d m;jcif;/
· jynfov l x l u k vk;H 0tvkrd &So d nfh tm%m&Sipf epf oufwrf;&Snaf pvkjd cif;/
· w&m;Oya'pd;k rk;d a&;ukd ysujf ym;apjcif;/
· jynfov l x l t k m; w&m;Oya'tay:,H=k unfav;pm;r_/ vku d ef mr_ysujf ym;apjcif;/
· jynfov l x l t k m; vrf;vGo J @kd y@kd ay;aejcif;/
· Oya'a&;&mwGirf u|r;f usiaf om jynfov l x l t k m;/ tm%mydik rf sm;u rdrw d ‹dk u, kd uf sKd ;
twGuf ckw;Hk vkyt f ok;H csaejcif;/
· rdru d , kd w f idk jf yÏmef;xm;aomOya'rsm;udyk if rav;pm;rvku d ef mjcif;/
· ,Ofaus;aomurBmEh idk if rH sm;xJwiG f trsKd ;om;a&;*k%o f u
d mQ usqif;apjcif;/
281
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
· a&G;aumufy&JG v'fudk zsuq f ;D aejcif;/
· jynfov l x l t k m; w&m;Oya'udv k u dk ef musio hf ;Hk ap&eftpm;/ aoGznfcsKd ;azmufenf;udk
avhusiahf y;aejcif;rsm; jzpfonfa=umihf tm%mydik rf sm;.vky&f yfrsm;udk jyif;xefpmG uef@
uGu±f w _ cf svu dk o f nf?
23? rdrEd ikd if wH iG f tcsKyftjcmtm%mwnf+raJ e+y;D jynfaxmifpEk ikd if aH wmftjzpf wnfjraJ eap
&ef atmufygtcsuw f @dk EiS hf jynfph &Hk efvt dk yfayonf?
Edik if wH iG f orkid ;f tpyxrOD;uyif wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pktm;vk;H ESifh tjcm;tm;vk;H aom
wkid ;f oljynfom;taygi;f wk‹d onf rdom;pkozG,f pm;aomufaexkid v f mcJ=h uonf? T jrefrmEkid if o H l
Ekid if o H m;tm;vk;H onf aoG;pnf;nD!w G =f uI wOD;ESiw fh OD;em;vnf=uum trsKd ;om;jyefvnf
pkpnf;nD!w G af &;udw k nfaqmuf&ef 1947 ckEpS f azaz:0g&v D u wnfaqmufco hJ nfh yifvpHk w d "f gwf
jzpfaom wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G af &;ud&k if0,fyu kd I f t+rJarG;jrL=u&ef/ Tae&mwGif trsKd ;
om;acgi;f aqmif}uD;/ vGwv f yfa&;Adou k m}uD; wyfrawmfzcif}uD; Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef; rde@f =um;
cJah om æ
“vlrsd K;/ bmom/ a,muFsm;/ rde;f r/ *d% k ;f *%ra&G; wEkid if v H ;Hk jynfojl ynfom;vlxw k ck
vk;H tajymomr[kwf tvkyEf iS w hf uG trsKd ;om;wk@d .vkt d ifqENrsm;udjk ynf0h Ekid &f ef trdsK;om;wk@d .
vkyif ef;rsm;wGif aomif;aomif;jzjz pdwaf &mud, k yf g nD!w G =f uonfukd qkv d odk nf” t& vku d ef m
usio hf ;Hk =uygv#if trsKd ;om;nDnw G af &;udk wnfaqmufEidk =f urnfjzpfayonf?
wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G af &;&&S&d ef wkid ;f oljynfom;tm;vk;H u oabmwlvufcEH idk f
aom 'Dru dk a&pDenf;vrf;uspmG 'Dru dk a&pDusiphf Ofrsm;t&a&;qJx G m;Ekid of nfh Edik if aH wmfzŒJG pnf;tkyf
csKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'w&yfvt dk yfonf?
txufyg&nfreS ;f csuf (2) &yf ay:xGe;f Edik &f ef jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yf ay:ayguv f m&ef
vkt d yfonf?
od@k a=umifh &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &ckid 'f rD u kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGet f rdsK;om;
'Drd ukd a&pDtzGŒJ / Zdrk ;D trdsK;om;uGeu f &ufygwED iS hf trdsK;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf wk@d onf jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'ESit fh nD jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;. wkid ;f jynfvx l t k ay:wGif
&So d nfw h m0efrsm;t& jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,l&efaqmif&u G cf ohJ nf?
tm%mydik rf sm;u v$waf wmfac:,lray;bJ ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; rw&m;Oya'rJx h ed ;f
odr;f xm;vdu k o f nfa=umif/h v$waf wmfray:ayguv f mEkid o f nft h wGuf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðy
aumfrwDuzkd ŒJG pnf;cJo h nf?

,ae@wiG f tm%mydik rf sm;u Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,la&;udpEP iS fh

v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDukd zsuo f rd ;f ay;vku
d vf #if Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm;/ {nfah *[m
rsm;wGizf rf;qD;csKyfaESmifxed ;f odr;f xm;aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk jyefIv$waf y;
awmhra,mifa,mif roifah vsm/f rrSeu f ef pifppftm;jzifh qufpyfajymqk&d efta=umif;r[kwaf om
tcsurf sm;udk xkwv f i$ v
hf m=uayonf? pifppfrmS jyefay;qGo J nfo h abmjzpfaeonf? apwemrSef
jzif ppfreS af omawGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;ðyvkyrf nfqydk gv#if rnfonhf óudwifuef@owfcsurf sm;rS csrw S f
282
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
xm;jcif;r&S&d ay?

24? &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru

kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGe;f trdsK;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ / Zkrd ;D trsKd ;om;uGef
*&ufw@dk EiS hf trdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf wk@d u Oya't& jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lay;&ef Ekid if aH wmf
at;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpo D @kd ta=umif;=um;jcif;rSm ,if;u/ xkwjf yefxm;onfh
Oya'tm;av;pm;jcif;ESifh Oya'ukd xkwjf yefxm;onfh tzGŒJ tm; *k%o f u
d mQ &Sad p&efjzpfayonf?

25? txufwiG af zmfjyxm;onft h a=umif;rsm;a=umifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,la&;udpu P kd

rnfo@kd r# ±kyo
f rd ;f ay;rnfr[kwo f nft
h jyif jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDuv kd nf; rnfo@kd r#
zsuof rd ;f ay;rnfr[kwaf =umif; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDu ckid rf mjywfom;pGm tav;
teufq;Hk jzwfvu dk af =umif; a=unmtyfygonf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkf,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f awmfov
D if;vqef; (7) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (16) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 56 (9§99)

1? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'yg jyÏmef;csurf sm;t&/ v$waf wmfay:ayguv f m

&rnfjzpfayonf? ray:ayguv f mojzifh 1990 jynfEh pS yf gwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy. JG
&v'ft&/ jynfov l x
l u
k vGwv f yfI w&m;r#wpGma&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufay;vdu k af om jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu,kd pf m;vS,rf sm;taejzifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:ayguv f m&efwm0ef&o
dS nf?

2? od‹k a=umifh trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru

kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &cdik t
f
rsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGet
f rsKd ;om;'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ / Zdrk ;D trsKd ;om;uGe*f &ufw@kd u jynfov l x l k
283
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

tusKd ;rsm;twGuf aqmif&u

G af y;&efwm0ef&o
dS jzif/h jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,l&ef/ tm%mydik rf sm;xH
ta=umif;=um;cJoh nf?

3? jynfov l x l .
k qENukd vdu k ef mav;pm;jcif;r&Sb
d J vspv
f sL±_jcif;cH&ojzifh jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD udk 16-9-98 &ufae@u/ jynfov l x
l uk w
kd m0efc&H rnfh tqdyk gEikd if aH &;
ygwDd (5) ckrS ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifzh ŒJG pnf;vdu
k &f onf?

4? 16-9-99 &ufae@onf Tud, k pf m;ðyaumfrwDzŒJG pnf;onfh wESpjf ynfah jrmufojzifh ESpf

ywfvnftxdr;f trSwaf e@uu kd si;f ycJo
h nf? od@k usi;f y&mwGi/f tm%mydik rf sm;u txdr;f trSwf
usi;f yrnfah e&mjzpfaom trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDt d zGŒJ csKyfXmecsKyf±;kH od@k oGm;a&muf&mvrf;rsm;udk ydwf
qd@k vu
kd o
f nf? w&m;Oya'ESihf rnDbJ ydwq f @kd vukd jf cif;jzpfonf?

5? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. A[dt

k vkyt f r_aqmiftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ud0k ifciG ðhf yonf? od@k
aomf aemufwiG rf S tjcm;tjcm;aomtzGŒJ csKyf0ifrsm;udk trsKd ;om;rSwyf w kH ifu'fjym; yg§ryg ESihf
tjcm;trsKd ;rsKd ;aomenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh ppfaq;+yD;rS0ifciG ðhf ycJo
h nf?

6? txdr;f trSw+f yD;pD;+yD;aemufwae@ 17-9-99 &ufae@wiG rf l tm%mydik rf sm;u tzGŒJ csKyf

±H;k od@k vm&mvrf;rsm;udk vH;k 0ydwq f @kd vu
kd o
f nf? tzGŒJ csKyAf [dt
k vkyt
f r_aqmiftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;udk 0ifciG hf
ðyonf? tm%mydik rf sm;onf trsm;jynfoo l mG ;vm&mvrf;rsm;udk Oya't&ydwq f @kd Eikd cf iG rhf &Sad y?
&mZ0wfru _ sL;vGev
f u
kd jf cif;jzpfonf?

7? txufyguo hJ @kd tm%mydik rf sm;. rw&m;/ Oya'rJh vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;udk av;eufpmG
uef@uu
G v
f u
kd +f y;D ±_wcf svu kd o
f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f awmfovif;vqef; (11)&uf?
1999 ckEpS f / pufwifbmv (20)&uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

284
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 57 (9§99)

1? jrefrmEdik if .H tajccHp;D yGm;a&;rSm/ v,f,mpdu

k yf sKd ;a&;vkyif ef;jzpfonf? v,f,mvkyif ef;
udvk yk u
f ikd pf m;aomufae=uaom awmifov l ,form;rsm;onf u|/J EGm;rsm;ukt d oH;k ðyIom
Tvkyif ef;udk vkyu f ikd af e=u&aomtajctaeYyif&adS eao;onfa=umifh u|/J EGm; rsm;twGuf
tpm;tpm/ use;f rma&;ESihf vkòH cHa&;onf tvGeyf if ta&;}uD;vSayonf?

2? od@k wap "EkjzLòrdŒe,f/ pHuif;wku

d ef ,f&dS v,form;rsm;twGuf r&Srd jzpfvt dk yfaeaom
uGi;f trSwf (251) twGi;f &Sd u|/J EGm;pm;usuaf jrud/k 1994 ckEpS f rS tpðyI aus;&Gmtkycf sKyfa&;tzGŒJ
OuUÏ OD;aqmifaom taygi;f ygwpkw@dk u/ v,fajrtjzpf usL;ausmv f yk u
f ikd cf =hJ uonf[k od&&dS onf?
u|/J EGm;pm;usuaf jrjzpfojzif/h v,form;trsm;pkuwkid =f um;cJah omfvnf;/ oufqidk &f mwm0ef&o dS l
wk@d u rnfo@kd r# ta&;,ljcif;r&S[ d ok &d onf?

3? 1995 ckEpS wf iG /f ,if;pm;usuaf jr (45) {uay:wGif jc,fv, S Ef ikd cf iG &hf xm;ol todik ;f
t0dik ;f rS/ usL;ausmo f l (18) OD;u/ vkyu f ikd pf m;aomufae=uojzifh a'ocHv,form;aygi;f (143)
OD;wk@d yidk q
f idk af om u|J (22) aumif/ EGm; (174) aumifw@dk rmS pm;usuaf ysmufomG ;ojzifh tpm;tpm
'kuaQ &mufae=u&onf[k od&&dS onf?

4? xk@d a=umifh 1995 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmvY v,form;aygi;f (143) OD;wk@d u w&m;0ifuef@uu G f

pmwifoiG ;f cJah omfvnf; oufqikd &f mtm%mydik w f @dk rS rnfo@kd r# ta&;,laqmif&u G jf cif;r&Sod nfh
tjyif/ pm;usuaf jrwGif 0ifa&mufusL;ausmv f yk u
f ikd o f l (18) OD;rS (22) OD;od@k yif wd;k vma=umif;
=um;od&onf? od‹k twGuf u|/J EGm; rsm; tpma&pmiwfjywf 'kuaQ &muf=u&onft h jyif/ v,fo
rm;rsm;taejzifv h nf;/ u|pJ m/ EGm;pm&&Sad &;twGuf rsm;pGmtcuftcJjzpfaeygI vGepf mG qif;&J'u k Q
a&mufae=u&onf[q k o
dk nf? TudpaP =umifh v,f,mxGuu f ek xf wk v
f yk af &;udyk if xdcukd af eonf
[ko&d &dS onf?

5? a&wGi;f uke;f aus;&Gmtkypf wk iG f wm0efauspyg; w{uv#if (14) wif;cGEJ e_ ;f ay;oGi;f =u&

+y;D / wwif;v#if aiG - 300d§- usyEf e_ ;f jzifh aps;jzwfc&H onf[k =um;od&onf? xk@d tjyif pdu k yf sKd ;a&;
b%fEiS hf jynfoŒl &JtwGu[ f qk udk m/ pyg;wwif;v#if aiG 250d§- usyEf e_ ;f jzifh aus;&Gmtkypf wk ckv;kH rS/
285
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

pyg;wif; (100) a&mif;csay;&onf[v k nf;od&&dS onf? aemufwzef axmufvrS ;f a&;twGu[ f k

qdu k m pyg;wwif;v#if aiG - 200d§-usyf E_e;f jzifh pyg;wif; (100) xyfraH &mif;csay;&jyefonf[k
qkod nf//
6? xk@d aemuf Ekid if aH wmft}u;D tuJrsm;vma&mufojzifh au|;arG;{nfch &H eftwGu[ f q
k u
dk m/
aus;&Gmtkypf k wpkv#if aiG - 20000d§- (ESpaf omif;) usyjf zifh aus;&Gmtkypf ak ygi;f (60) ausmrf S
aiGaumufcjH yefojzifh v,form;wOD;v#if aiG 200d§- usypf ED iS hf v,f,mvkyo f m;wOD;v#if aiG
100d§- usypf D ay;=u&onf[q k o
kd nf?

7? jynfoŒl ppfEiS hf rdcifuav;apmifah &Smufa&; &HyaHk iGta=umif;jycsujf zif/h aus;&Gmtkypf k

wpkv#if aiGusyf 100000d§- (wode;f ) ausmf owfrw S af umufcjH yefojzifh xDauGŒtkypf /k ok;H yif
uGi;f tkypf /k a&wGi;f uke;f tkypf w
k @dk rS v,form;wOD;v#if aiG (1000d§-) (500d§-) (400d§-) (300d§)
usyf ponfjzifv h nf;aumif;/ v,f,mvkyo f m;wOD;v#if aiG (200d§-) (100d§-) (50d§-) usypf onf
jzifv
h nf;aumif;/ ray;rae& ay;=u&onf[v k nf; =um;od&onf?

8? a&ayguaf us;&Gmtkypf w k iG rf /l =o*kwv

f twGi;f u aumufcaH eonfrmS a&umwmuif;
wJtwGu[ f vk nf;aumif;/ Advk jf rwfxeG ;f wHwm;zGiyhf t
JG wGu[
f v
k nf;aumif;/ jynfoŒl ppf yHyh ;kd &ef
twGu[ f v
k nf;aumif;/ 0ef}u;D OD;apmxGe;f bk&m;wnf&eftwGu[ f v
k nf;aumif;ajymqkId t"rR
aiGaumufcjH yefojzifh wtdraf xmifv#if aiG (200d§-) usypf D xnf=h u&jyefonf[q k o
dk nf?

9? ,cktcgwiG /f awmifovl ,form;rsm;. b0tajctaerSm ulrnfo h rl &S/d xlrnfo

h rl &Sb
d /J
eif;rnf/h acsrnfo
h o
l m&Sod nf[qk udk m awmifov
l ,form;rsm;rSm pdw"f gwuf sqif;ae=uonf[k
=um;od&onf?

10? od‹k twGuf wkid ;f jynfp;D yGm;a&;.&if;jrpfjzpfaom v,f,mpdu k yf sKd ;a&;vkyif ef;}u;D . t"du
tm;xm;&m aus;Zl;&Sif awmifov l ,form;}u;D rsm;. b0tajctaersm; jyefvnfaumif;rGeaf p
&eftwGuf tm%mydik w f @dk taejzifh vkyo f ifv
h yk x
f udk /f ðyjyifoifðh yjyifxu dk o f nfh udprP sm;ud/k tcdserf
qkid ;f bJcsucf si;f aqmif&u
G af y;&ef tvGet f av;teufxm;I wku d wf eG ;f vkud of nf? awmifol
v,form;rsm;tay: t!SmwmrJðh yrljcif;rsm;udv k nf;±_wcf svu dk o
f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f awmfovif;vqef; (11) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (20) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

286
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 58 (9§99)

1? trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf tajccHvŒl tcGit hf a&;rsm;&&Sad &;/ ppfreS af om'Dru dk
a&pDEidk if aH wmfwnfaqmufEikd af &;twGuf trsK;d om;Ekid if aH &;udk tjynft h 0aqmif&u G af eaom
w&m;0ifEidk if aH &;ygww D ckjzpfonf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f arvwGiu f si;f ycJah om ygwpD 'Hk rD u
kd a&pDtaxG
axGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D wGif jynfov l xl . k qENr&J mckid Ef e_ ;f &Spq
f ,fausmjf zifh tEkid &f xm;aom/ jynfol
vlxk ,k=H unftm;xm;qH;k aom ygww D ckvnf;jzpfonf?

2? rauG;wkid ;f / ewfarmufòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) ESihf trSwf (2) wk@d rS trsKd ;om;'Dru dk
a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfukd uk, d pf m;ðyaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, fkd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uonfh OD;Advfk af xG; ESihf
OD;atmifjrifo h ed ;f wk@d onf ewfarmufòrdŒe,fjynfov l x l . k wcJeufaxmufcrH j_ zifh a&G;cs,cf x H m;&
+y;D olrsm;jzpf=uonf? ‚if;wd@k onf w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpfa=umif;udk ygwpD Hk
'Dru dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyaJG umfr&SiEf iS hf oufqidk &f mtm%mydik t f zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;uvnf;
Ekid if aH wmfjyefwrf;wGif w&m;0ifxnfo h iG ;f a=unm+yD;jzpfonf?

3? xkjd ynfov l x
l . k ud,
k pf m;vS,t f ppftrSerf sm;jzpfaom ewfarmufòrdŒe,f rJqENe,f
trSwmf (1) ESihf (2) wk@d rS w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (2) OD;tm; t,Ht k =unfr&S/d
vk;H 0 raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh rrSerf uef/ w&m;Oya'rJ/h twif;t"rRtEkid u f siIhf &or#
vlwpkjzifh w&m;Oya'csKd ;azmufatmf[pfyw JG &yf ðyvkyEf ikd af &;twGuf óudwifjyifqifaea=umif;
=um;od&ayonf?

4? xkod @kd w&m;Oya'csKd ;azmufatmf[pfyJG ðyvkyEf idk af &;twGuf ewfarmufòrdŒe,ftwGi;f &Sd

aus;&Gmtkypf rk sm;wGif touf (18) ESpf jynfo h wl idk ;f pm&Guvf wG af y:wGif rnfo@kd r# ta=umif;t&m
razmfjybJ/ vufrw S af &;xk;d &ef twif;t"rR +cdr;f ajcmufapckid ;f ojzifh trsm;pkjynforl sm;rSm pdwf
rygbJ a=umuf&ŒHG ojzifh vufrw S af &;xk;d ay;;&jcif;rsm;&Sad eonf[=k um;od&onf? tcsKd Œ vufrw S f
rxk;d vko
d rl sm;twGuf ‚if;wd@k u, kd w
f idk f vufrw
S wf rk sm;xk;d a=umif;udv k nf;=um;od&onf?
287
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

5? tcsKd Œaus;&Gmtkypf rk sm;wGif ta=umif;t&m rnfo@kd r# rajym=um;aomfvnf; tcsKd Œaus;

&Gmtkypf rk sm;wGif “,ck w&m;0if wnf&q dS jJ zpfaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, fkd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm;
trnfemrazmfxw k I f ±_wcf syðJG y&ef jzpfa=umif;” toHcsŒJ pufjzifah =unmonf[=k um;od&onf?
(Oyrm-a*G;yifaus;&Gmtkypf /k vJb;l aus; &Gmtkypf /k wHceG w f ikd af us;&Gmtkypf )k
6? ,ckuo hJ @kd Oya'rJh atmf[pf±w _ cf syðJG yvkyEf idk af &;twGuf t"du t"rRvufrw S af &;xd;k
ckid ;f olrsm;rSm/ vlra_ &;toif;tzGŒJ [k trnfcx H m;aom/ }uH§› zGŒH tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ESihf aus;&Gmtkypf k
tm%mydik t f zGŒJ rsm;/ q,ftrd rf ;ª qko d rl sm;jzpfa=umif;od&&dS onf? ,cktxdo&d &dS or# rw&m;Oya'
ausmef if;r_ ðyvky&f ef}uHpnftm;xkwrf r_ sm;wGif yg0ifywfoufaeaomolrsm;rSm aus;&Gmtkypf k
tvku d f atmufygtwkid ;f jzpfa=umif;od&onf?
(u) tif;uke;f aus;&Gm
1// OD;pd;k v_id f - &yf§aus; tm%mydik t f zGŒJ OuUÏ
2// OD;pd;k rd;k - }uH§› zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if
3// OD;atmifbef; - ukeo f ,G v f ,f,m0efxrf;
(c) bke;f awmfjynft h yk pf k
1// OD;aX;vdi_ f - &yf§aus; tm%mydik t f zGŒJ OuUÏ
2// OD;wif0if; - }uH§› zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if
(*) vuQKy`i&f mG tkypf k
1// OD;atmifaomif; - &yf§aus; tm%mydik t f zGŒJ OuUÏ
2// OD;ode;f at; - }uH§› zGŒH
3// OD;vS'if - wpn ygw0D if
(C) ayyifuek ;f tkypf k
1// OD;oef;armif - }uH§› zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if
2// OD;atmif=unf - //
(i) ukvm;&Sit f yk pf k
1// OD;atmifa&$ - &yf§aus; tm%mydik t f zGŒJ OuUÏ
2// OD;ae0if; - }uH§› zGŒH tzG@J 0if
(p) a*G;yiftyk pf k
1// OD;0rf;armif - &yf§aus; tm%mydik t f zGŒJ OuUÏ
2// udAk u kd w f udk f - }uH§› zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if
(q) wuf0eftyk pf k
1// OD;ausmaf t; - &yf§aus; tm%mydik t f zG@J OuUÏ
2// udo k ed ;f aZmf - }uH§› zGŒH
(Z) vJb;l tkypf k
1// ud! k v kd S - }uH§› zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if
2// udck spv f S - &yf§aus; tm%mydik t f zGŒJ OuUÏ

288
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

(ps) 0gyeftkyfpk
1// udak usm0f if; - }uH§› zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if
2// udo k ef;aX; - q,ftrd rf ;ª
(n) ydwcf si;f awmtkypf k
1// ud! k e$ @f a0 - }uH§› zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if
2// udak tmifausmrf if; - ?
(Ë) prf;uef§o&ufcsOf tkypf k
1// udok ef;az - }uH§› zGŒH tzGŒJ 0if
2// OD;pd;k oef; - ausmif;q&m

7? w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; Oya'rJah tmf[pfyðGJ yvkyEf idk af &;twGuf
jyifqif&mwGif ewfarmufòrŒd txu rS q&mrsm;jzpf=uonfh (1) OD;xGe;f 0if;/ (2) OD;atmif aZmf0if;/
(3) OD;ae0if;/ (4) OD;atmifrsKd ;jrifEh iS fh (5) tvu rS OD;jrifah qGw@dk yg0ifywfoufaea=umif; =um;od&
onf?

8? TuJo h @kd ewfarmufòrdŒe,fjynfov l x

l w
k &yfv;Hk u trsm;pkrq J ENjzifh qENraJ y;a&G;cs,f
xm;aom w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (2) OD;tm; jynforl sm;.qENtppftrSerf ygbJ
±_wcf syðJG yvky&f efjyifqifaejcif;onf w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;udk zsuq f ;D aejcif;jzpfonf? ,if;od@k Oya'
udk ausmef if;csKd ;azmuf&eftm;xkwaf er_rsm;onf jypfral jrmufaomvky&f yfrsm;jzpfa=umif; yg0ifywf
oufaeolrsm;tm;owday;vku d o f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f awmfovif;vjynfah usmf (6) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (30) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

289
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 59 ( 10§99 )

xkid ;f Edik if H AefaumufòrdŒ&Sd jrefrmoH±;Hk tm; vufeufuikd t

ywfoufI jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
xkwjf yefco
hJ nfh owif;a=unmcsuu
f csKd Œu 0ifa&mufp;D eif;jcif;ESihf
kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDu 2-10-99 &ufae‹wiG f t*Fvyd b f momjzifh
f kd odomyg&ef jrefrmbmomod@k jyefq+kd yD; jzef@a0vku
d o
f nf?

AefaumufòrŒd &Sd jrefrmEdik if oH ±H ;Hk udk vufeufuikd t f csKd Œu 0ifa&mufp;D eif;+y;D / "g;pmcHrsm;tm;
zrf;qD;xm;jcif;rsm;udk =um;od&onft h wGuf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDu vGepf mG rS
pdwt f aESmuft,Sujf zpf&onf? Ekid if jH cm;owif;rsm;u xko d rl sm;onf “}u}›H uc›H ikd rf maom wku d yf 0JG if
ppfonfawmf jrefrmausmif;om;rsm;” jzpf=ua=umif;azmfjyxm;onf[ek m;vnf&onf? ‚if;wd@k u
jrefrmEkid if &H dS Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm;tm;vk;H udv k w
$ af y;&efEiS hf =um;jzwftpd;k &zGŒJ pnf;a&;twGuf
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS fh Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpw D @dk
Ekid if aH &;awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;yGðJ yvky&f ef awmif;qdx k m;onf[v k nf;=um;od&onf?

jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrwDonf ausmif;om;rsm;ESihf tjcm;'Dru kd a&pDa&;v_yf

&Sm;olrsm;. tmoDo/ qENrsm;/ tusK;d ysupf mG cHpm;ae&rlrsm;ESihf ppftm%mydik t f zGŒJ rsm;u zdEydS cf sKyf
cs,jf cif;rsm;a=umifh jrefrmEkid if rH x S uG cf mG oGm;&ef twif;t"rRvyk af qmifcaH e&rlrsm;udk em;vnfo
abmayguo f nfEiS w hf òyid w f nf;wGif oH±;Hk tm; 0ifa&mufp;D eif;+y;D "g;pmcHrsm; zrf;qD;xm;onfu h pd u P kd
c|i;f csurf &Sd jypfwif±w _ cf svu dk o f nf? tqdyk gvyk &f yfrsm;onf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEiS hf jynf
olŒv$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDw@dk u tpOfwpdu k f udik w
f ,
G u f muG,x f m;aom +idr;f csr;f a&;/
w&m;r#wa&;/ vlŒtcGit hf a&;rsm;. tajccHrrl sm;ESiq hf ef@usiaf eayonf?

xkid ;f Ekid if t
H pd;k &. tiftm;tok;H ðya&;udk jiif;qko d nfq h ;Hk jzwfcsuEf iS hf xkid ;f Edik if 'H w
k ,d Edik if H
jcm;a&;0ef}u;D . oHwrefa&;&mu|r;f usirf E_ iS hf owWw d @kd uydk g jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD
u cs;D rGr;f ESpaf xmif;tm;&jzpf&onf? jzpfay:vmaomtajctaeudk rnfo@kd aomxdcu kd 'f %f&mr#
r&&Sad p=ubJ +ird ;f csr;f pGmajz&Si;f apvko
d nfrmS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD. ±d;k om;aom
qENyifjzpfonf? "g;pmcHrsm;ESihf ‚if;wd@k .rdom;pkrsm;tm;pmemaxmufxm;+y;D / ‚if;wk@d onf aysm&f i$ f
csr;f ajrŒpGmjzifh tjrefq;Hk jyefvnfqpHk nf;=uapyga=umif;qENðytyfonf? jrefrmEkid if t H wGi;f Y 'Dru kd
a&pDta&;twGuf ±k;H uefvy_ &f mS ;&mwGif ppftpd;k &. cufrmjyif;xefaomvky&f yfrsm;a=umifh Ekid f

290
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
xufp;D eif; ðyvkyrf r_ sm;a=umif/h rdom;pkrsm;ESiv hf nf;aumif;/ rdwaf qGrsm;ESiv
hf nf;aumif; pdwqf if;&J
ylyefpmG jzifh r=umc%uGu J mG Iaexkid =f u&onfh ESyd pf ufuvlðyjcif;ESihf t=urf;zufjcif;ponfh '%f&m
a=umifh touftE &W m,ftoG,o f , G rf sm;jzifh touf&iS af exkid =f u&aom yk*Kd~ vfrsm;tay: Y
}uD;pGmyif*±k%moufa&mufro d nf?

jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrwDtaejzifh urBm}u;D tm;od&adS pvko d nfrmS / Aefaumuf

òrŒd &Sd jrefrmoH±;Hk YjzpfymG ;aom t=urf;zufro _ nf jrefrmjynfwiG ;f Y ppftpd;k &. w&m;rJph mG &ufpufr_
rsm;/ tpOft+rJ xyfcgwvJvjJ zpfay:aer_. tusKd ;qufomjzpfa=umif;/ t=urf;zufro _ nf t=urf;
zufrr_ sm;udo k m arG;jrLay;aejcif;jzpfonf?

+idr;f csr;f a&;/ vlŒtcGithf a&;/ w&m;r#wa&;udjk rwfE;kd aom jynfot l aygi;f . t=urf;r
zufaom/ pGpJ jJG rJjrJ rqkwrf epfaom ZG/J owW/d óud;pm;tm;xkwrf a_ =umifh jrefrmEkid if YH 'Dru kd a&pDrck s
&&Srd nf[k trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyEf iS hf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDu,k=H unfa=umif;?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f awmfovif;vjynfah usmf (10) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f atmufwb
dk mv (4) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1990 jynfESpf/ ygwDpHk 'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfol@v$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD.
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD. ).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 60 (10§99)

1? w&m;0ifEikd if aH &;ygwjD zpfaom trsKd ;'Dru

kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfukd ud,
k pf m;ðyonfh jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; 1990 jynfEh pS f / ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDa&G;aumufy}JG uD;Y jynfov l xl u
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f nf? ‚if;wd@k onf ,ae@wikd f w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f
rsm;jzpf=uonf?
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jynfaxmifpk }uc›H ikd af &;ESizhf ŒHG òz;d a&;toif; twGi;f a&;rª; OD;aZmfrif; qdo k w
l @kd onf (13-7-99) ae@wiG f
Xmeqdik &f mt}u;D tuJrsm;ESihf 0efxrf;tcsKd Œudk òrŒd ay:&Sd “{&mrif;”crf;rod@k ae@vnf 13;00 em&Dcef‹
wGif qifah c:v#uf usKH aysmòf rŒd e,f/ trSwf (1) rJqENe,fajrrS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;ref;
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axmufcaH wmha=umif;udpEP iS yhf wfoufI oufqikd &f m0efxrf;rsm;xJwiG f vufrw S rf xd;k olrsm;ae
aoma=umifh rjzpfrae wm0efw&yftaejzifh vufrw S xf ;kd ay;&rnfjzpfa=umif; trde@f ay;onf[k
od&&dS onf?

3? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uaom OD;ref;
a*smef D ESihf OD;wifw@kd rmS TòrdŒe,fwiG f jynfov l x l .k tusKd ;pD;yGm;ESihf vlra_ &;udprP sm;udk acwft
qufqufu aqmif&u G v f yk u
f ikd cf =hJ uaom yk*Kd~ vf}u;D rsm;jzpf=uI ‚if;wd@k tay: rrSerf uef pGypf yJG w k f
cwfum jynfoŒl qENukd w&m;rJq h ef@usiaf qmif&u G af pcdik ;f r_rsm;ðyvkyjf cif;udk &yfuu
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qdok nf?

4? Edik if aH wmfwnf+ird af &;/ &yf&mG at;csr;f om,ma&;/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;[k Edik if aH &;OD;wnf
csurf sm;xm;&Sad ºu;G a=umfaeaom Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifp. D 0efxrf;rsm;
jzpf=uaom usKH aysmòf rdŒe,f tm%mydik t f zGŒJ . OuUÏESihf Oya't&m&Sd tqifh (4) jzpfaom òrd@e,f
}u§›H zGŒH toif; twGi;f a&;rª;wd@k onf/ rdrw d @kd u,
kd w
f ikd af omfvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;jynfoŒl 0efxrf;rsm;
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292
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usL;vGeaf p±Hrk #ru/ Oya'udak usmef if;aomvky&f yfrsm;uduk sL;vGe&f ef tm;xkwaf e=ujcif;jzpfonf?
}u§›H zGŒH toif;onf vlra_ &;tzGŒJ [kqykd ifqjkd im;aomfvnf; Edik if aH &;udprP sm;wGiyf g/ yg0ifaqmif&u
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aejcif;onf w&m;r0ifonft h jyif Edik if aH wmftwGuv
f nf; raumif;onft h pOftvmudck say;ae
jcif;jzpfonf?

5? Tod@k ðyrljcif;onf jynfov

l x l .k qENukd qef@usiaf usmcdik ;f ±Hrk #ru/ w&m;Oya'udv
k nf;
rav;rpm;ðyvkyjf cif;jzpfaoma=umifh jyif;xefpmG uef‹uuG ±f w_ cf svukd o f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f oDwif;u|wfvqef;(9)&uf?
1999 ckEpS /f atmufwbkd mv (18)&uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1990jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
( jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 61 (10§99)

1? w&m;0iftrsKd ;om;Ekid if aH &;ygwjD zpfaom trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf 1990 jynfh
ESpf ygwpD 'Hk rD u
dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f tm%mydik rf sm;uxkwjf yefxm;aom jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'yg jyÏmef;csurf sm;udk ,k=H unf=uojzifo h m ,SOòf yid t
f a&G;cHc=hJ uonf?
tqkyd g Oya'yg jyÏmef;csurf sm;tay: ,k=H unfrr_ &S=d uv#if Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;uvnf; a&G;aumuf
yGw
J iG yf g0if,OS òf ydi=f urnfr[kw?f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;qko d nfrsm;vnf; ay:
ayguv f m=urnfr[kwaf y? ‚if;jyif a&G;aumufy+JG yD;v#if jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:ayguv f m&rnf
a=umifh a&G;aumufyYJG yg0if,OS òf ydi=f uonf? jynfov l x l u k w&m;r#wpGmESifh vGwv f yfpmG a&G;
aumufwifajrm‡ ufay;vku d o
f nfuh , kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk Ekid if aH wmfjyefwrf;rsm;wGif xnfo h iG ;f a=unm
+yD;onfa=umifh w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpfae=uay+yD?

293
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pnf;jcif;acgi;f pOfrS yk'rf -3 udk azmfjyrnf?f
(v$waf wmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESit
hf nD a±G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufvu
dk af om v$waf wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzihf zGŒJ pnf;&rnf)

(c) ‚if;jyif tm%mydik rf sm;uvnf; atmufygw@kd uakd jym=um;cJo h nf//

-- rdrw d Œdk &JŒ 'Dru
kd a&pDyidk cf iG t
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== Edik if t
H m%mudk v$aJ jymif;ay;zdŒk rlvuwnf;u qEN&v dS Œdk om a&G;aumufy}JG u;D udk ðyvkyaf y;
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3? (u) ,ae@wiG f a&G;aumufy+JG y;D pD;cJo h nfrmS (9) ESpaf usmv

f eG cf ahJ y+y?D od@k aomf jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfum; ay:ayguv f mjcif;r&Sb
d J jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f csKd ŒrSm uG,v f eG o
f mG ;=u+yD?
tm%mydik rf sm;u !‡O;f yef;EdyS pf ufzEd ydS rf r_ sm;a=umifh tcsKd ŒrSmtjcm;wkid ;f jynfrsm;od@k a&mufae=u
onf// tcsKd ŒrSm tusO;f axmiftoD;oD;wk@d Y ESp&f n S t f usO;f uscaH e=u&onf? tcsKd ŒrSm 6-9-98
&ufae@rpS I ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;u rw&m;twif;t"rRzrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;+yD;/ ppfwyf
pcef;tcsKd ŒwGif csKyfaESmifxm;jcif;cH&qJjzpfonf? tcsed u f mvtm;jzifh (13) v&Sad e+y?D jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f OD;rSmrl 1998 ckEpS f / Zlvidk vf rSpI zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;cHae&onf?

(c) tcsKd Œaomud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;onf touft&G,}f uD;jrifah eonfh yk*Kd~ vfrsm;jzpfI
use;f rma&;csKd ŒwJh vmonfukd =um;od&onf? use;f rma&;a=umifh touftE &W m,fxcd u dk v
f mygu
rw&m;zrf;qD;xm;onfh ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ .wm0efom vk;H 0jzpfayvdrrhf nf?

(*) trsm;aomud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;onf tdraf xmifO;D pD;rsm;jzpf=uI rdom;pkrsm;. ae

xkid pf m;aomufa&;rsm;twGuf }uD;rm;aomtcuftcJ/ tqifrajyr_rsm;ESihf &ifqidk af e=u&onf?
rdom;pkrsm;u rdrb d mom &SmazGvyk uf ikd pf m;aomufrnfuv kd nf; ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;u
vku
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aejcif;yifjzpfayonf? jynforl sm;utyfEiS ;f xm;onhv f ufeufrsm;udk udik xf m;olrsm;u wrif
oufouf rw&m;ESyd pf ufnO‡ ;f yrf;aejcif;jzpfayonf?

(C) ,ae@tcgY ruse;f rmonfjh ynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,

kd pf m;vS,t
f csKd Œudk ppfaxmufvrS ;f
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uG,fvGefoGm;rnfudk pdk;&drf=uonfa=umihfom oufqkdif&maetdrfrsm;odk@jyefvnfydk@aeonf?

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(i) jyefvw $ af omfvnf; &efuek rf u S ,

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e,fu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk &efuek o f @kd roGm;&[kwm;jrpfxm;onf? tcsKd Œudk roGm;yg[I l vufrw S f
a&;xk;d ckid ;f onf? vku d ef maqmif&u G jf cif;rðyonfu h ,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udrk l jyefIrv$wf jyefIv$w+f yD;
onfu h , kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udv k nf; ppfaxmufvrS ;f tzGŒJ u jyefvnfzrf;qD;csKyfaESmifonf? Oya'ESihf
vk;H 0rnD!w G of nfvh yk af qmifcsujf zpfonf?

(p) ta=umif;trsKd ;rsKd ;a=umifh omreftm;jzihf oufqidk &f maetdrrf sm;od@k jyefvw $ af y;
jcif;rsKd ;vnf;&So
d nf? od@k aomf tenf;i,fr#aomta&twGuo f mjzpfonf? xkyd *k Kd~ vw
f @kd tm; trsKd ;
om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyo
f @kd roGm;&[kwm;jrpfjyefonf? tcsKd Œudk roGm;yg[v k ufrw
S af &;xk;d aponf?
,if;vky&f yfrsm;onf &mZowf}uD; yk'rf - 399 udk usL;vGeaf eonfa=umifh &mZ0wfr}_ uD;udk
tm%mydik w f @dk u usL;vGeaf ejcif;jzpfayonf? vGepf mG ,kwn f o
hH ud mQ rJv
h aS omvky&f yfjzpfonf?

(q) rw&m; twif;t"rRzrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;jcif;omru/ ta=umif;trsdK;rsdK;wdk@

a=umihf rv$rJ a&SmifomI jyefvnfvw $ af y;onft h cgwiG vf nf; uef@owfcsut f rsKd ;rsKd ;ESihf rw&m;/
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cHEidk o
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f nfh udpP
&yfr[kwaf y? tm%mydik rf sm;onf odumQ usvo S nfh vky&f yfrsm;udk vkyaf qmifae=ujcif;omjzpfay
onf?

(Z) w&m;Oya'udk tvGo J ;Hk pm;ðyIvnf;aumif;/ tvGet

f u|t
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aomfvnf;aumif; vlwOD;wa,muftm; uef@owf/ csKycf s,/f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;onf &mZ
0wfru
_ sL;vGejf cif;yifjzpfonf?

(ps) ,cktcgwiG f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,tf csKd Œudk txufyg &mZ0wfajrmuf
aomenf;vrf;rsm;udt k ok;H ðyIxde;f odr;f xm;jcif;rSm vlq;dk "g;jyrsm;ðyvkyaf vh&adS om jyefay;qGJ
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óud;pm;jcif;/ od@k r[kwf rdrv
d vdk m;csuf wpkwH &mudak wmif;qkjd cif;onf t=urf;zuf&mZ0wf*% kd ;f
om;wk@d . vkyef nf;vky[ f efrsm;yifjzpfonf?

(n) Tod@k aomenf;[efrsm;jzihf Ekid if .

H ta&;udprP sm;udak jz&Si;f &eftm;xkwjf cif;onf
vGepf mG rSyif &Suzf ,
G &f maumif;vSonf? Tenf;tm;jzihf Ekid if . H ta&;udprP sm; +yD;ajyoGm;onf[k
rnfonft h cgr#r&Sod nfukd owdðyoifo
h nf? tusKd ;rJjh cif;rsm;om jzpfay:vmrnfrmS {uefjzpfonf?
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(Ë) wzef rw&m;zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f csKd Œudk

ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;u (2) ywfv#if od@k r[kwf (1) vv#if w}udrf rdom;pkrsm;ESifh wn
tdyrf #om jyefvnfawGŒqkcH iG ahf y;aejyefonf? oufqidk &f myk*Kd~ vfrsm;ESirfh o
d m;pkrsm;udk pdwt f m;jzifh
vnf;aumif;/ uk, d t f m;jzifv
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S nfh
odumQ r&So
d nfvh yk &f yfjzpfayonf?

4? rnfonft h a=umif;a=umifrh qkd ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;. w&m;Oya'ESihf vk;H 0O\kH

rudu k n f o
D nfvh yk &f yfrsm;udk vufrcHb/J }uH}› uHc› idk cf idk /f rdr.
d ygwjD zpfaom trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ
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rsm;ESihf tjcm; tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifw@dk tm; tzGŒJ csKyfu av;pm;pGm*k%ðf yyga=umif; rSww f rf;wifvu dk &f
ayonf?

5? ZGo
J wW&d &dS /dS pdwaf &mud,k yf g/ rdrd .
d trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. rl0g'rsm;twkid ;f / ckid cf idk f
+r+J r/J ckid cf idk rf mrm&yfwnfaeonfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tm;
av;pm;*k%ðf ycs;D rGr;f &rnfjzpfaomfvnf; tzGŒJ csKyf.rl0g'rsm;udak zmufzsu+f yD;/ 'Dru dk a&pDa&;ESihf
vlŒtcGit hf a&;rsm;udyk pfy,fI trdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.tvHawmfEiS hf rlrsm;udk udik w f , G I f
jynfov l x l u k qENraJ y;vku d I
f om jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfvm=uygvsuf rdro d ufqikd f
&mrJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l .k qENukd vspv f sL±_ypfy,f+y;D ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;. vufuikd w f w k f
tjzpf tok;H csjcif;cHae=u&aomoltoD;oD;wk@d tm; jyif;xefpmG ±_wcf svu dk o
f nf?

6? tqkyd gorl sm;onf rJqEN&iS rf sm;u vkv d m;ar#mrf eS ;f ,k=H unfxm;onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
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pm;vS,rf sm;ESifh tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;udk ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;u twif;/ t"rR/ rw&m;/
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f nfa=umifh uk,
d pf m;
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$ af y;&ef
av;eufjyif;xefpmG awmif;qkv d udk o
f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f oDwif;uGswv f jynhaf usmf (1) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f atmufwb dk mv (25) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zefŒcso
d nf?)

1999 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwif ajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 62 (11§99)

tif'ekd ;D &Sm;orRwEdik if .
H orRw}uD;tjzpf a±G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aom rpPwm tAŠ'l
&mref0g[pf xHoŒkd jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD tzGŒJ 0iftm;vH;k u vufrw
S af &;xd;k I
t*Fvyd b f momjzifh ay;ydŒk aom 0rf;ajrmufa-umif; o0%fvm$ yg ta-umif;t&mrsm;udk jrefrm
bmomodŒk jyefq_kd yD; od&&dS efa-unmvdu k of nf?

(p) “rdrEd pS o f uf&mtpd;k &udk a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufEikd cf iG t

hf ygt0if oef@&iS ;f arGŒavsmzf , G &f m
jzpfaom oD;oef@tcGit hf a&;rsm;jzpfonfh tajccHvŒl tcGit hf a&;rsm;ud, k =kH unf=uaom jrefrm
Edik if w
H iG ;f &Sd yk*Kd~ vfrsm;tm;vH;k .ud, k pf m; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDu tif'ekd ;D &Sm;
orRwEdik if . H orRw}uD;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufc&H jcif;tay: ±d;k om;pif=u,fpmG jzifh 0rf;
ajrmuf0rf;omjzpf&yga=umif;? orRw}uD;.tpd;k &onf orRw}uD;.Edik if o H El ikd if o
H m;rsm;. &JprG ;f
297
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

owW&d rdS E_ iS hf qH;k jzwfoEH ÏMd mefcsrw

_ @kd ukd o±kyaf z: jyjcif;jzpfygonf? onf;cHjcif;ESihf Edik if aH &;tqifajyr_
&&Sad p&ef aphpyfrr_ sm;onf orRw}uD;.acgi;f aqmifru _ ±kyv f ;kH ay:vGiaf eapygonf? u|Eykf w f @kd .
a'otwGi;f Y 'Dru dk a&pDwefz;kd rsm;udk cdik rf maomwm0ef,rl r_ sm;ESit hf wl Edik if w
H Edik if aH y:ayguvf m
onfujkd rifawGŒ&onfrmS u|Eyfk w f @kd tm; *k%, f 0l ifºh uGm;r_EiS hf tm;wufrr_ sm;udk ay;pGr;f apygonf?
tu|Eyfk w f @kd u orRw}uD;ESihf orRw}uD;. Edik if o H El ikd if oH m;wd@k tm; aEG;axG;pGmE_wcf eG ;f
qufo&if;/ rsm;r=umrD tif'ekd ;D &Sm;Edik if EH iS hf jrefrmEdik if jH ynfojl ynfom;wd@k onf vufw=JG uum
+idr;f csr;f a&;/ vGwv f yfa&;/ w&m;r#wa&;ESihf u±k%mrsm;jzifjh ynhpf akH omurBm}uD;udk awGa0,dr;f
,dik rf v
_ ;kH 0uif;&Si;f v#uf wnfaqmuf&ef wdu k yf 0JG if=uEdik rf nf[x k ifjrifryd gonf?”(qk;H )

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f wefaqmifrek ;f vqef; (1)&uf?
1999 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (8)&uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1999 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 63(11§99)

1? &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Dru

kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ &cdik 'f rD u
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGet f rsKd ;om; 'Drukd a&pD
tzGŒJ / Zdrk ;D trsKd ;om;uGe*f &ufEiS hf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfw@kd onf rdrw d ikd ;f jynfwiG f ppfreS af om
'Dru
dk a&pDpepfwnfaqmuf&efEiS hf &Sio f efw;kd wufvmap&ef tp&So d nfh wlnaD om&nf&, G cf surf sm;
ESihf zGŒJ pnf;wnfaxmifxm;aom Edik if aH &;ygwt D zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;jzpfonf?

2? tqdyk g&nf&, G cf surf sm;udk taumiftxnfaz:Edik &f efrmS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yf ay:
ayguv f m&efvt kd yfayonf? od@k a=umifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfzŒJG pnf;&ef 1990 jynfEh pS u
f usi;f ycJh
onfh ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f txufygEikd if aH &;ygwrD sm;u 0ifa&mufta&G;
cHco
hJ nf?

3? od@k aomfa&G;aumufyrJG mS atmifjrifpmG +yD;pD;oGm;cJah omfvnf; v$waf wmfum;ay:ayguf

298
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

vmjcif;r&Sad y? ppftm%mydik rf sm;u jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'udx k w k jf yefc+hJ yD; a&G;
aumufyu JG u kd si;f ycJo
h nf? ,if;wd@k xw
k jf yefcahJ om a&G;aumufyOJG ya'ygjyÏmef;csurf sm;t& v$wf
awmfac:,lay;&efjzpfaomfvnf;/ Oya'xkwjf yefco hJ nfoh rl sm;uyif Oya'twdik ;f ðyvkyaf qmif&u G f
&efysuu
f u G cf ohJ nf?

4? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;onf a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ypOfu jynfov l xl tk wGuf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrS
wqifh wdik jf ynftusKd ;udprP sm;udk rnfo@kd rnfyakH qmif&u G af y;rnf[k a&G;aumufyaJG =unmpm
wrf;rsm;xkwjf yefIuwdðycJo h nf? od@k a=umifh ppftm%mydik rf sm;tm; oufqikd &f mEdik if aH &;ygwrD sm;u
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lay;&ef Oya'ygjyÏmef;csurf sm;t& av;eufpmG wdu k w
f eG ;f awmif;qdck hJ onf?
,if;wd@k u jynfoŒl v$waf wmfuakd c:,lay;&efukd rsuaf phyw d v f spvf sL±_cohJ nfa=umifh jynfov l x
l k
tusKd ;rsm;twGuaf qmif&u G af y;&ef rdrw
d @kd wiG wf m0ef&adS e+y;D jzpfojzifh txufwiG af z: jyxm;onfh
Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;u jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDuzkd ŒJG pnf;cJo h nf?

5? ppftm%mydik rf sm;onf jynfov l xl t

k usKd ;twGuf Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;u rdrwd @kd .wm0ef&dS
onft
h avsmufaqmif&u G af y;jcif;udk vH;k 0rvdvk m;onfa=umifh ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;u
(u) &cdik 'f rD ukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. OuUÏjzpfol a'guw f mOD;apmjratmif (touf- 82ESp)f
tm; rw&m;Oya'rJzh rf;qD;csKyfaESmifxed o f rd ;f xm;onfrmS ,ae@ (13) vcef@r#
=umjrifch +hJ yD?
(c) rGet f rsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ OuUÏ Edik f (OD;) xGe;f ode;f (touf 82 ESp)f ESihf Zdrk ;D trsKd ;
om;uGe*f &uf OuUÏ yl (OD;) usi&hf iS ;f xef wd@k uv kd nf; zrf;qD;/ csKyfaESmif/ xde;f odr;f cJh
onf? use;f rma&;tajctaea=umifh aq;uko&ef jyefvnfvw $ af y;vdu k of nf?
aq;0g;uko+yD;onft h cg ‚if;wd@k u ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ tm; jyefvnf ac:,l
xde;f odr;f &efta=umif;=um;cJah omfvnf; rnfo@kd r#ta&;,ljcif;r&Scd ahJ y?
(*) od@k aomf ,ckrl 3-11-99 &ufae@u xdk OuUÏ (2) OD;udk rnfonft h a=umif;a=umif[ h k
rod&&dS bJ jyefvnfzrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxed ;f odr;f cJjh yefonf?

6? rdrwd ikd ;f jynfwnfwchH ikd +f rJa&;twGuf jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;rsm;. aoG;pnf;nD!w G f

a&;udk rvGrJ aoGwnfaqmuf=u&rnfjzpfonf? wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;acgi;f aqmifrsm;udk rw&m;/
Oya'rJ/h zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxed ;f odr;f xm;jcif;onf tjrifusO;f ajrmif;vSayonf? ‚if;jyif zrf;qD;csKyf
aESmif/ xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;rsm;jzifh wdik ;f jynfwiG f wu,fawGΗuaH e&aom Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;
tp&So d nfh t=uyftwnf;jy\emrsm;udk rnfo@kd r#ajz&Si;f Edik rf nfr[kwaf y? wdik ;f jynftwGuf
tvGet f a&;}uD;aom T&nf&, G cf suu f kd zsuqf ;D [ef@wm;vdu
k jf cif;yifjzpfayonf?

7? wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w

G af &;udk atmifjrifpmG wnfaqmufvykd gv#if Edik if aH &;t&om
wnfaqmuf&rnfjzpfayonf? vufeufuikd t f yk pf rk sm;ESihf tajctaet& typftcwf&yfpx J m;±Hk
299
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

r#jzifv h nf;aumif;/ tusKd ;pD;yGm;jcif;wlno D jzifh wOD;ESiw

hf OD; wzGŒJ ESiwhf zGŒJ ,m,Dem;vnfr_ &,lxm;
Edik jf cif;jzifv
h nf;aumif; ppfreS If t"Ge@f &n S =f umonfh wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;udk wnf
aqmufIr&Edik o f nfukd od&v dS ufcEH ikd &f ayrnf? ppfreS o f nfh wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;wnf
aqmuf&efrmS Edik if aH &;jy\emppfppfomjzpfonf?

8? od@k a=umifh rw&m;/ Oya'rJ/h zrf;qD;csKyaf ESmifxed ;f odr;f xm;onfh wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmif
}u;D rsm;udk jynfaxmifpw k nf+raJ &;twGuf c|i;f csurf &Sd tuef@towfr&Sb d J tjrefq;kH jyefvnfvw $ f
ay;&ef av;eufpmG wdu k wf eG ;f vdu
k o
f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f wefaqmifrek ;f vqef; (3)&uf?
1999 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (10)&uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1999 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 64 (11§99)

1? xdik ;f Edik if t
H wGi;f od@k ESpEf iS chf sI
D oGm;a&muftvkyv
f yk u
f ikd af e=uaom jrefrmtvkyo f rm;
rsm;udk ,ckEpS f Ed0k ifbmvrSpwifI xdik ;f Edik if rH S tjyif;txefvu kd v f zH rf;qD;+yD; jrefrmEdik if b
H ufo@kd
ZGwtf wif;jyefy@kd aeonf[=k um;od&onf?

2? xdik ;f Edik if b
H ufwiG f jrefrmtvkyo f rm;aygi;f (6) ode;f ausm&f o dS nf[=k um;od&onf?
‚if;wd@k tm;vH;k udk xdik ;f ajray:rSz,f&mS ;ypfrnf[k xdik ;f tm%mydik rf sm;u ajymqdx
k m;a=umif;=um;od
&onf?

3? Ttvkyo f rm;rsm; xdik ;f Edik if b

H ufo@kd oGm;a&muftvkyv f yk u
f ikd =f u&jcif;rSm jrefrmEdik if H
twGi;f Y Edik if aH &;wnf+idrrf u
_ if;rJjh cif;/ pD;yGm;a&; c|wòf cHusjcif;/ 'Dru dk a&pDqw d o
f ek ;f jcif;/ tajccH
vlŒtcGithf a&;rsm;uif;rJjh cif;/ b0vHòk cHru _ if;cJjh cif;/ tvkyt
f udik Ef iS hf tpma&pm&Sm;yg;jcif; ponfh
tcuftcJrsm;a=umifjh zpfayonf?

300
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
4? ,if;od@k xdik ;f tpk;d &ujyefy@dk aom jrefrmtvkyo f rm;rsm;udk jrefrmEdik if bH ufu vH;k 0
vufrcHbJ jyefvnfIwGe;f xkwaf eonf[v k nf;=um;od&onf? jyefy@kd c&H aom tvkyo f rm;rsm;xHrS
ygvmaomaiGa=u;ESihf vuf0wf&wemrsm;udk jrefrmppfom;rsm;u t"rRord ;f ,l=uonf[v k nf;
=um;od&onf? tcsKd Œppfwyfrsm;u ,if;'kuo Q nftvkyo f rm;rsm;;udk aoewfEiS yhf pfvw $ o
f nf[k
=um;od&onf? od@k twGuf trsKd ;orD;rsm;tygt0if tvkyo f rm;aygi;f aomif;ESichf sI
D awmawmif
rsm;xJwiG w f vnfvnfjzpfae+yD; tpma&pmiwfjywfae=uonf[=k um;od&onf? tcsKd Œjrefrm
tvkyo f rm;rde;f cav;rsm;rSm jrefrmppfom;rsm;. t"rRusijhf cif;udyk ifc=H u&onf[k owif;rsm;ay:
xGuaf eonf? awm}u;D awmif}u;D rsm;xJwiG f xd'k u k o Q nftvkyo f rm;rsm;rSm tpma&pmiwfjywf
jcif;/ iSuzf sm;a&m*gcpH m;&jcif;/ pdwyf idk ;f ud,
k yf ikd ;f qdik &f m zdp;D r_rsm;jzpfjcif; ponfrsm;a=umifh r=umrD
rSmyif aoqH;k oGm;Edik =f uonf[q k o
kd nf?

5? Ttajctaeqd;k udk ESpbf ufEikd if t

H m%mydik w
f @kd rwS m0ef,I l tajctaeaumif;rGev f m
atmifðyvky&f ayrnf? urBmu h v
k or*~ 'kuo Q nfrsm;qdik &f mr[mrif;}u;D ±H;k ESihf tpd;k &r[kwf aom
tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;rS vkt
d yfaomtultnDrsm;awmif;cH+y;D / ESpb f ufEikd if yH ;l aygi;f I 'kuo
Q nf pcef;rsm;
wnfaqmufum vkyif ef;atmifjrifxad &mufap&ef aqmif&u G o
f ifah yonf?

6? t"duwm0ef&o dS nfrmS jrefrmEdik if tH m%mydik rf sm;jzpfonf? ,if;udpaP jyvnf&efrmS ESpf

bufaomtm%mydik rf sm;wGif pdwaf umif;apwemESihf pmempdwrf sm;&S=d u&efvo kd nf? vlom;wd@k
. ,cktjzpfq;kd onf pmempdwu f if;rJph mG &ufpuf=urf;ñuwfrr_ sm;a=umifjh zpfonf?
7? xdik ;f Edik if rH S ,if;tvkyo f rm;rsm;udk tjyif;txefzrf;qD;ESix f w
k af ejcif;ESihf jrefrmEdik if H
bufrS rdrEd ikd if o H m;rsm;udv k ufrcH±rkH #ru &ufpufpmG ypfcwfI jyefvnfEiS x f w k af ejcif;udk csucf si;f
&yfqikd ;f =u&efvo kd nf? ESpb f ufEikd if w
H @kd taejzifh tjyeftvSef !‡Ed id_ ;f I em;vnfr&_ pdS mG ajz&Si;f =u&rnfh
udp&P yfomjzpfonf? toufarG;0rf;a=umif;twGuf rv$rJ a&SmifomI vma&mufvyk u f ikd af eolrsm;
udk xdik ;f Edik if u
H vufcI H tvkyv f yk cf iG ahf y;oifo
h nf? ay;cJo
h nfrsm;vnf;&Scd o hJ nf?

8? xdik ;f Edik if EH iS hf jrefrmEdik if o

H nf e,fpyfcsi;f &Snv f sm;pGmqufpyfaeaom tdref ;D csi;f Edik if rH sm;
jzpf±rkH #ru ud;k uG,o f nfb h momw&m;csi;f vnf;wln=D uonf? xd@k jyif &Snv f sm;aomordik ;f a=umif;
t& qufo, G &f if;ES;D r_&±dS rkH #ru Edik if o H m;wd@k .,Ofaus;r_"avhx;kH wrf;rsm;rSmvnf; rsm;pGmwln=D u
ayonf? xdik ;f ESihf jrefrmonf pdwaf eoabmxm;/ ±kyq f if;oGijf yifrsm;vnf; wln=D uolrsm;jzpfonf?
TuJo h @kd aom ta=umif;tcsurf sm;udak xmufxm;I jrefrm'kuo Q nftvkyo f rm; rsm;tay:
pmemaxmufxm;I oufnm‡ pGmudik w f ,
G &f ef xdik ;f Edik if tH pd;k &tm; arwWm&yfcw
H u kd wf eG ;f vdu
k o
f nf?

9? jrefrmEdik if pH pftpd;k &. tkycf sKyfrE_ iS hf pDrcH ef@crJG _ !Hzh si;f jcif;rsm;a=umifh jrefrm'kuo
Q nfrsm;
ESiyhf wfoufI tdref ;D csi;f Edik if rH sm;omru a'owGi;f wnf+idraf &;udyk gxcd u kd af eonfa=umifh jynf
wGi;f a&;omr[kwaf wmhbJ a'ovH;k qdik &f mjy\emjzpfIaeayonf?

10? trSew
f u,f jrefrmEdik if EH iS hf jrefrmvlrsKd ;rsm;twGut
f a&;}uD;onfrmS ,ckuo
hJ @kd jrefrm
301
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

vlrsKd ;rsm; rsuEf mS i,fpmG jzifh tjcm;Edik if o H @kd omG ;a&muftvkyv f yk &f efrvdtk yfaom tajctaersm;
rdrEd ikd if w
H iG ;f Y vuf&dS jzpfay:atmif óudyrf;&efjzpfonf? TtajctaersKd ;rsm;&&Sjd zpfay:Edik &f ef
rSm jrefrmEdik if w H iG f 'Dru
kd a&pDEiS hf vlŒtcGit hf a&;rsm; trSew f u,fEiS hf tjrefq;kH &Sv d m&efvt kd yfay
onf? xd@k a=umifh jrefrmEdik if w H iG f 'Dru kd a&pDtjrefq;kH &&Sad &;onf wrsKd ;om;vH;k .wm0efjzpfayonf?
od@k twGuaf =umifh jrefrmEdik if o H El ikd if o
H m;wd@k onf 'Dru kd a&pDEiS hf vlŒtcGit hf a&;rsm; jrefEikd o
f r#
tjrefq;kH &&S&d eftwGuf rdrw d @kd vufvrS ;f rD&m rdrw d @kd vyk Ef ikd o
f nfw h m0efrsm;udk vufawGŒusus
wm0efausyeG pf mG xrf;aqmif=u&efvt kd yfyga=umif; wdu k wf eG ;f vdu k yf gonf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f wefaqmifrek ;f vqef; (5) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (12) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1990jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 65 (12§99)

1? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf 1990jynfEh pS /f arvYusi;f ycJah om ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pD
taxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f a&G;aumufyq JG idk &f mOya'/ pnf;rsO;f / pnf;urf;rsm;ESit
hf nD yg0if,OS òf yid f
ta&G;cHco hJ nf? rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l uk ‚if;wk@d . vGwv f yfaomoabmqENt&/ trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&
pDtzGŒJ csKy.f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;udk wcJeufqENraJ y;cJ=h uonf? a&G;aumuf
yGu
J si;f yay;onfh rJqENe,f (485) ae&mteuf trdsK;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfu (392) ae&mwGif
a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf?

2? Ttjcif;t&monf jrefrmEkid if jH ynfojl ynfom;rsm;taeESifh 'Dru dk a&pDtpd;k &udk rnfr#vdk

csio
f nfq h EN&adS =umif;/ &Si;f vif;jywfom;pGm xkwaf zmfjyovku
d jf cif;jzpfonf? jrefrmod/ urBmod/
orkid ;f 0ifta=umif;t&myifjzpfonf?
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taeeJ@uawmh jynfojl ynfom;rsm;u rdrw d @dk &ŒJ 'Dru kd a&pDyidk cf iG t
hf & vGwvf yfr#wpGm a&G;cs,w f if
ajrm‡ ufz@JG pnf;vku
d wf hJ tpd;k &tzGŒJ tpnf;ud/k Ekid if aH wmf&ŒJ tm%mudk vGaJ jymif;ay;+y;D wmeJ@ u|eaf wmf
wk@d &ŒJ rlvwm0efjzpfwhJ Ekid if aH wmfumuG,af &;eJ@ vkòH cHa&;/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&; wm0efawGuo kd m
qufvufaqmif&u G of mG ;rSmjzpfa=umif; xyfru H wday;vkyd gw,f/” [k vnf;aumif; “æ wyfrawmf
taeeJ@uawmh a&G;aumufyt JG wGuyf J uwday;xm;w,f æ” [kvnf;aumif; “æ tajccHOya'udk
ta&G;cH&wJh ygwt D zGŒJ tpnf;awGu/ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af wG!ESd id_ ;f +yD; vky=f u&r,fu
h pd P æ”
[kvnf;aumif;/ jrefrmod/ urBmod orkid ;f 0ifajym=um;cJo h nf?

4? od@k aomf ,ae@ wkid ;f jynftajctae/ tjzpftysurf sm;ud=k unfv h #i/f wkid ;f jynftm%mudk
odr;f ,lxm;onfh ,cif (e0w) ,ck Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpD tm%mydik f
wkd@onf rdrdtzGJŒuay;xm;cJhaomuwdu0wfrsm;udk rdrdudk,fwkdifyif cdsK;azmufaeayonf?
jrefrmtrsKd ;om;xk.&ifwiG ;f rS trdsK;om;a&;qkid &f mxifjrif,q l ,H=k unfcsuu f kd rav;rpm; zsuq f ;D
aeayonf? jrefrmtrdsK;om;wk@d . ,Ofaus;r_tpOftvmt&/ vlrq _ ufqaH &;e,fy,fwiG af jym+y;D
onfph um;rsm;udk vGepf mG wefz;kd xm;=uonf? omreft&yfo/l t&yfom;wd@k . vlra_ &;/ pD;yGm;a&;e,f
y,fYyif ajympum;udo k mtajccHI qufqrH ð_ y=uonf? tvkyv f yk =f uonf?
5? ,cktcgwiG f tm%mydik rf sm;taeESihf urBmEh idk if t H oD;oD;. a&G;aumufyq JG idk &f m Oya'/
vkyx f ;Hk / vkyef nf;/ tpOftvmrsm;udk qef@usirf suu f ,
G ðf yIvnf;aumif;/ jrefrmEkid if H Ekid if aH &;ygwD
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zsuI f vnf;aumif;/ w&m;Oya'pk;d rk;d a&;tESpo f m&udk rsuu f ,G ðf yIvnf;aumif;/ jynfojl ynfom;
rsm;tm; Oya'jyÏmef;csurf sm;udk vku d ef mapmifph nf;aomtavhtusirhf sm; ysKd ;axmifay;jcif;
ponft h ajccHw&m;pD&ifa&;rlrsm;udk zsuq f ;D ypfIvnf;aumif;/ tm%mydik rf sm;uk, d w f idk f jynf
oljynfom;rsm;udk pHjyerlemtjzpf usL;vGejf yaeouJo h @kd jzpfonf?

6? tm%mydik w f @dk onf rdrw

d @dk ðyvkyaf y;aoma&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd rdrw d @kd u,
kd w
f idk yf if jiif;y,f
azguzf suaf e±krH #ru a&G;aumufyw JG iG tf Ekid &f aom trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfuv kd nf; ysupf ;D
atmif qk;d npfpmG }uHpnftm;xkwaf eonf? 1990 jynfEh pS f a&G;aumufyo JG nf wdik ;f ðyjynfðyv$wf
awmfa&G;aumufyrJG [kwf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyjJG zpfa=umif; wm0ef&adS omtm%mydik w f @kd
. a&G;aumufyGJrwdkifrDuajymonfh uwdpum;rsm;t&vnf;aumif;/ jynfolŒv$wfawmfa&G;
aumufyq JG idk &f mOya'rsm;t&vnf;aumif; xif&mS ;+yD;jzpfonf? od@k ygvsuf a&G;aumufyo JG nf zGŒJ
pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'a&;qG&J efomðyvkyaf om a&G;aumufyjJG zpfonf[k a&G;aumufy+JG yD;I
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ajr‡mufay;xm;aom v$waf wmfu,kd pf m;vS,tf m;vk;H wufa&mufciG rhf &&Sb
d jJ zpfjyefonf?

7? xkrd #ru ,cktcgwiG f trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
dk pf m;vS,f
rsm;tm; t,Ht k =unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh w&m;r0ifonfh Oya'rJv h yk &f yf
rsm;ukd qkid &f mtm%mydik wf @dk u,kd w
f idk yf if OD;pD;+y;D ðyvkyaf e=uonf? Tonfrsm;ukd tm%mydik w f @dk .
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ra=umuf vky&f yfrsm;jzpfa=umif; owdcsyt f yfonf?

8? 24-11-99 &ufae@u yJc;l wkid ;f / awmifiòl rŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS tzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;
0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;atmifp;kd jrifEh iS hf rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS tzGŒJ csKyf. w&m;0if
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,dk pf m;vS,f OD;!$e@f a0wk@d tm; t,Ht k =unfr&Sd vk;H 0raxmufcaH wmha=umif;
oufqidk &f ma'orsm;wGif vlwpk.t"rRatmf[pfyðJG yvkyaf =umif; =um;od&onf? pif ppftm;jzifh
w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; Tod@k ðyvkyjf cif;onf &mZ0wfrx _ udk af omvkyf
&yfrsm;jzpfonf? Tvky&f yfrsm;udk oufqidk &f mtm%mydik rf sm;uOD;aqmifI ðyvkyo f nf[=k um;od&
onf?

9? Tvky&f yfwiG f wufºupG mG yg0ifvyk af qmif=uaom awmifiòl r@d e,f/ ajrmufa&=unfaus;

&GmrS awmifol OD;tke;f jrifh qko
d /l uGse;f uke;f aus;&GmrS OD;xGe;f ckid f qko d /l òrŒd e,f ygwpD 'Hk rD u
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a&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Sif tzGŒJ cGJ OuUÏ OD;aiGpef; qdo k El iS w
hf uG ud, k x
f v
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udzk suq
f ;D olrsm;/ &mZ0wfrx _ ukd af omtr_uu kd sL;vGeo f rl sm;jzpfa=umif; a=unmvku d o
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jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkf,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f ewfawmfv
f qef; (7) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (14) &uf?

(trdsK;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)
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jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 66 (12§99)

1? rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxku trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf. jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;

vS,af vmif;rsm;tm; wcJeufaxmufcq H ENraJ y;I 1990 jynfEh pS /f ygwpD 'Hk rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;
aumufyYJG a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufay;cJo h nf? ,ae@wiG f xkyd *k Kd~ v}f u;D rsm;onf jynfov l x
l .
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ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpfonfa=umifh *k%of a&&Sv d o
S nf?

2? od@k aomf tqkyd g*% k o

f a&&Sd jynfo. l ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk ppftm%mydik rf sm;u rw&m;/
Oya'rJ/h twif;t"rR zrf;qD;/ csKyfaESmif/ xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;rSm (15) v =umjrifah e+yDjzpfonf?
‚if;jyif *k%o
f a&&Sd jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; odrzf si;f vSonfeh nf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifv
h nf;
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{nf&h yd o
f mrsm;wGix f m;&S+d yD; aqG;aEG;aeonf[k urBmod@k yifvrd v f nfIa=unmonf?

3? aqG;aEG;jcif;onf aumif;rGeaf omt"dyg, ` &f o

dS nftm;avsmpf mG aqG;aEG;onf[al om
pum;udk nH@zsi;f ao;odrpf mG vk;H 0tok;H rðyoifah y/ aqG;aEG;jcif; vk;H 0r[kwb f J jynfovl xl .k
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k pf m;vS,t f jzpfrv
S nf;aumif;/ tzGŒJ csKyfuay;tyfaomwm0efrsm;rS
vnf;aumif;/ tzGŒJ csKytf zGŒJ 0iftjzpfrvS nf;aumif;/ twif;t"rR zdtm;ay;+crd ;f ajcmufI E_wxf uG f
ap&ef rw&m;wGe;f tm;ay;aejcif;omjzpfonf?

4? &efuek w f idk ;f twGi;f &Sd ppfwyfpcef;wckwiG f rw&m;xde;f odr;f csKyfaESmifjcif;cHae=u&aom

jynfov l xl .k jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;wyfzŒJG rS a&wyfaxmuf
vSr;f a&;trSwf (1) wyfr;ª Adv k rf ;ª aomif;ausm&f edS ;f qko d u l 14-12-99 &ufae@wiG f pdwaf pwem
vk;H 0 rygb/J tay:,Hoabmoufoufjzifo h m odvsuEf iS yhf if aexkid pf m;aomufa&;tp&So d nfrsm;/
oifah vsmrf _ &S§d r&Sd ar;jref;onf[=k um;od&onf? ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;u ,cktcg qefopfrsm;udpk m;
ae=u&onfa=umifh 0rf;Adu k rf aumif;a=umif; jyefIajym=uonf? ‚if;aemuf vuf&dS Edik if aH &;
tajctaeudak r;jref;ojzifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;u "rR"Ïd mefusus t&St d ajctae
udk t&St d wkid ;f jyefajymonf[o k &d onf?
(u) Edik if aH &;tusyt f wnf;jzpfaea=umif;/ od@k a=umifh pD;yGm;a&;tusyt f wnf;ESihf awGŒ
óuH&um/ vlra_ &;ygysupf ;D ae+yD; jynfov l xl k 'kut
Q rsKd ;rsKd ;ESihf &ifqidk af e&a=umif;/
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=unhv f #io f Ed idk af =umif;//
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h idk ;f aeIrjzpfEikd af =umif;/ Edik if aH &;enf;
vrf;t& qufvufIavsmufvrS ;f &rnfjzpfa=umif;?
(C) vly*k K~ v d w
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t&vnf;aumif;/ tzGŒJ csKyfrS Ekwx f u G rf nfr[kwaf =umif;/ a=umufIvnf;aumif;/
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wk@d yg0ifrnfr[kwaf =umif;?

5? xko d @dk jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;uajym=um;onft h cg ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;

tzGŒJ rS Adv
k rf ;ª aomif;ausm&f edS ;f qkod u
l ajym=um;onfrsm;rSm rSeu f efoifah vsmyf gonf? od@k aomf
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ud&k yfpvJ udk of nf?

6? ppftm%m&Siw f @dk onf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
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ud,k pf m;/ ud, k t hf 0wfu, kd 0f wfEiS hf ,k=H unfcsut f jynft
h 0ESihf óud;yrf;aqmif&u G af eonfrsm;udk
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tepfemcHIðyvkyaf om Edik if aH &;ygw[ D Il r&Sad cs?

7? *k%o f a&&Sd jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf ppft&m&Swd @dk ajym=uqk=d u&mY ud, k f
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A[dtk vkyt f r_aqmiftzGŒJ ESihf ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;aoG;cGaJ &;/ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª;ESihf ud, k pf m;
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hf nf;aumif;/ useAf [dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ESiv hf nf;aumif; aoG;cGaJ &;wk@d
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8// rw&m;zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f csKyaf ESmifcaH e&onfh tzGŒJ csKy. f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f
rsm;tm; enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh pdwaf &mud, k yf gtaESmuft,Sujf zpfatmif ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ 0if
rsm;onf ðyusiv hf yk af qmifvsu&f =dS uonf? 16-11-99 &ufae@u rauG;wkid ;f / acsmufòrdŒ&Sd ppf
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l acsmufòrdŒwGif rw&m;zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cH
xm;&onfh tzGŒJ csKy.f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,wf @dk tm; jyefvw
$ af y;rnf? od@k aomf &efuek òf rŒd
306
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f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
od@k roGm;&/ &efuek òf rdŒESihf tjcm;od@k omG ;ygu óudwifciG ahf wmif;+yD; cGi&hf rSomG ;&rnfqo
dk nfEiS hf 0efcH
csuw f pkw
H &mvufrw S af &;xk;d &rnfqydk gu vufrcHEikd af =umif; wdusjywfom;pGm jiif;qdv k u
kd f ojzifh
‚if;wk@d ukd jyefvnfIv$wrf ay;awmhyg?

9? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS csrw

S xf m;onfrh rl sm;/ vrf;pOfrsm;udk ZG/J owW&d &dS EdS iS hf rdrd
ud,k u
f sKd ;pGe@f vw$ u
f m/ rw&m;zrf;qD;/ xde;f odr;f cHxm;&jcif;onf wESpyf ifausmv f eG af e+yDjzpfaomf
vnf; +r+J rpH mG &yfwnfuikd pf aJG eonfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,kd pf m;vS,af wmftm;vk;H wd@k tm; av;euf
pGm*k%,f rl w S w f rf;wifxm;a=umif; yGiv hf if;pGma=unmvku d o f nf?

10? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyftaeESifhrl EdkifiHa&;jy\emrsm;udk ppftm%m&Sifwkd@u

rnfr#yif[ef@wm;ydwq f @dk zsuq
f ;D aeaomfvnf; Ekid if aH &;enf;jzifo h m wufwufºuGºuG vkv H 0D&,d
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k vkyt f r_
aqmiftzGŒJ . wpdu k rf wfrwfcsrw S xf m;aom vrf;pOfjzpfayonf? w}udrw f cgr# ajymif;vJjcif;r&S/d
ajymif;vJ&ef pdwu f ;l r#yifr&Sad cs?

11? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf tzGŒJ csKyftzGŒJ 0ifw@dk onfvnf; tzGŒJ csKyfrcS srw S f
xm;onfo h abmxm;rlukd cdik cf ikd +f rJ+rJpu
JG ikd x
f m;=uonf? A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzGŒJ uwrsKd ;/ jynf
olŒv$wu f , kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;uwrsKd ; [lI uGjJ ym;jcm;em;jcif; vk;H 0r&Sad y? ajym=um;
aom ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ rsm;u tzGŒJ csKyftay: remvkrd ek ;f xm; tmCmwjzifh uGt J ufapvkd
onfa=umifo h m tremyajymqkad ejcif;omjzpfayonf? ‚if;jyif awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;rðyvkyv f odk nf
a=umifh trsKd ;rsKd ;aom t&nfr&/ tzwfr& pum;rsm;jzifh 1988 ckEpS rf pS wifI jzpfay:vmonfh
ordik ;f a=umif;udyk ifcsI D qifajcay;aejcif;jzpfonf? awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;qENr&So d jzifh vS;D vGaJ ejcif;yif
jzpfonf? ‚if;jyif tzGŒJ csKyzf ufrS awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;udpEP iS yhf wfoufI wdwu d sus/ tcsut f vufppHk Hk
ESihf ajymqko d nft h cg ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;u a&Smifvo J$ mG ;=uonfuakd wGŒ&onf//

12? ppftm%m&Sirf sm;onf wkid ;f jynfwiG jf zpfysuaf eaomjy\emrsm;udk urBmEh ikd if rH sm;wGif
awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;jcif;jzifh ajz&Si;f ae=uonfukd odyifojd im;aomfvnf; pdwq f ENv;Hk 0r&So d nfa=umihf
om awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;jcif;udk r[kwrf rSeaf om qifajctrsKd ;rsKd ;ay;vdrv f nf+yD; a&SmifvaJG ejcif;jzpf
onf? Tod@k aom npfax;aqG;ajrah eaomoabmxm;rsm;udk vk;H 0O\kyH pfy,f&efvt dk yfayonf?
ypfy,fvsuf r=umrDay:vmawmhrnfh &mpkEpS o f pf/ axmifpEk pS o
f pfrsm;udk aEG;axG;pGmóudqI kd pdwf
aumif;pdwo f pfrsm;arG;jrL=u&ef av;eufpmG wdu k w
f eG ;f vdu
k o
f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f ewfawmfvjynfah usmf (8) &uf?
1999 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (30) &uf?
(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)
307
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 1 ( 1§00 )

1? jynfovl xl u k rdro
d abmqENt& vGwv f yfIw&m;r#wonfqakd om 1990 jynfEh pS /f
ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;cJo h nfh ‚if;wd@k .ud, k pf m;
vS,af wmf}uD;rsm;jzpfaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk ppftm%m&Siw f @kd u rw&m;/
Oya'rJ/h xde;f odr;f / zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;onfrmS wESpaf usmaf e+yDjzpfonf? rnfonfh w&m;Oya'
yk'rf tm;usL;vGe=f uI zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;a=umif;udk ,ae@txd ppftm%m&Siw f @kd u vlo&d iS f
=um;/ w&m;0ifxw k jf yefa=unmcJjh cif;r&Sad y? a=unmEdik jf cif;vnf; ðyvkyEf ikd rf nfr[kwaf cs? tb,f
a=umifq h akd omf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf *k%o f u
d mQ &S=d uonfh vl}u;D vl aumif;rsm;
jzpfaeonft h wGujf zpfygonf? vdrv f nfI nHzh si;f ,kwn f ahH om a=unmcsujf zpfonfh “{nf&h yd o f m
rsm;wGix f m;&SId aqG;aEG;aeonf” [kom a=unmEdik cf ahJ yonf?

2? *k%of a&&Sd jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk ppfwyfpcef;toD;oD;Y taetxdik /f

tpm;taomufrt S p tppt&m&mcsKd ŒwJph mG zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;onf? ‚if;jyif “aqG;aEG;ae
onf” qdo k nfrmS ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpfrv S nf;aumif;/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyrf v S nf;aumif;/
E_wx f u
G af p&ef twif;t"rR zdtm;ay;/ ESyd pf ufaejcif;omjzpfonf? oufqikd &f myk*Kd~ vrf sm;omru/
rdom;pk/ aqGrsKd ;om;csi;f awGuykd g rw&m;/ twif;t"rR zdtm;ay;ae=uonf? tcsKd Œud, k pf m;vS,f
rsm;tm;rl “taysmeh nf;jzif/h vmbfvmbjzifjh rLqG,I f ” E_wx f u
G af pcdik ;f onf? pD;yGm;a&;twGu/f
vlra_ &;twGut f qifajyatmif rnfo@kd rnfyakH qmif&u G af y;rnf [laomE_wpf um;rsm;omjzpf
onf? om"uwckrmS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f OD;tm; ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ rS Adv k }f u;D
xGe;f ausmf qdo k u l oGm;a&mufawGŒqHI k jrLqG,jf cif;jzpfonf? ppftm%m&Sirf sm;onf rnfonfh
Oya'ESirhf # nD!w G jf cif;r&So
d nfv h yk &f yfrsm;udk vkyaf qmifaejcif;jzpf+y;D / tzGŒJ csKyt f zGŒJ 0iftrsm;pkonf
,H=k unfcsut f jynft h 0jzif/h cH,cl sut f jynft h 0jzifh rdrw
d ikd ;f jynfwiG f 'Dru kd a&pDEiS vhf Œl tcGit hf a&;
rsm;&&Sad tmif óud;yrf;aqmif&u G af ejcif;jzpfonfukd ppftm%m&Sirf sm;u rodusKd ;u|ðH yaeonf?

308
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
3? *k%o f a&&Sjd ynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf rw&m;/ csKyfaESmifzrf;qD;jcif;cH
xm;&onf r S m umv=umjrif h v monf a =umif h v nf ; aumif ; / aexd k i f p m;aomuf a &;
!Hzh si;f onfa=umifv
h nf;aumif;/ use;f rma&;tajctaeraumif;Edik =f uay? ruse;f rmI vHak vmuf
aomaq;0g;rsm;r&&Sd=u[kvnf;=um;od&onf? ‚if;jyif usef;rma&;tajctaeqdk;0g;vmv#if
zrf;qD;olrsm;u ,if;wd@k .wm0eft& aq;0g;ukoay;jcif;rðybJ jyefvw $ af y;avh&o
dS nfukd awG@jrif
ae&onf? use;f rma&;tajctaeqd;k 0g;I touftE &W m,fxcd u kd v
f mrnft h csed u
f sro
S m jyef
v$waf y;jcif;jzpfonf? vH;k 0O\Hk apwemuif;rJ/h vlvcl si;f pmemjcif;uif;rJ=h uonf? odrzf si;f aom
vky&f yfjzpfayonf?

4? jynfov l x
l u k rdrod abmqENt& a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufay;cJah om jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk tmCmwjzifh &efòid;xm;jcif;wckwnf;jzifoh m rw&m;/ zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;
a=umifh tjrefq;kH c|i;f csurf &S/d tuef@towfr&Sd jyefvnfvw
$ af y;&ef av;eufpmG wdu
k wf eG ;f vdu
k f
onf?

jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,

kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f jymodv
k qef; (8) &uf?
2000 jynfEh pS /f Zefe0g&Dv (13) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1990jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonf aumfrwD
( jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrDwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 2 (1§00)

1? ppfuidk ;f wkid ;f / ueDòrdŒe,f/ trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS trSwf (1) rJqENe,fajr/ jynf
olŒv$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;cifarmifoef;ESihf trSwf (2) rJqENe,fajr/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;
vS,f OD;oef@Zifw@dk tm; òrdŒe,f jynforl sm;uqef@usiI f raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh vlwpk
atmf[pfyðJG yvky=f uonf[=k um;od&onf// xdo k @kd trsKd ;om;'Drudk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
uk,d pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; raxmufcaH wmha=umif; vlwpkukd tekid u f siv hf n
S zhf sm;qifah c:I pk±;Hk atmf
[pfjcif;ukd “trsKd ;om;a&;wm0ef” [k aºuG;a=umfvsuaf qmif&u G cf ahJ om ueDòrdŒe,f òrdŒe,fat;
309
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpOD uUÏ qko d . l aumufusppf mG vdrv
f nfppD Ofru
_ dk ueDòrdŒe,f
jynfow l ‹dk u &G&H mS / rke;f wD;/ atmhEv
S ;Hk em=unf;=ua=umif;=um;od&onf?

2? jzpfpOfrmS 8-12-99 &ufae@wiG f ueDòrŒd e,f/ òrŒd e,ftm%mykid u f pmxGuI f Xmeqkid &f m
OD;pD;rsm;c&D;rxGu&f efEiS hf c&D;vGeaf eolrsm; tjrefq;Hk jyefvm&ef!e$ =f um;onf[o k &d onf? (9-12-
99) &ufae@u òrŒd e,ftpnf;ta0;ðyvky&f m òrŒd e,ftm%mykid f OuUÏ u “,ckupd o P nf trsKd ;om;
a&;udpjP zpfonft h wGuf rvkyrf ae&vky=f u&ef” jzpfa=umif;ajym=um;+y;D (10-12-99) &ufae@wiG f
&yfaus;tm%mykid t f zGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ }uh§H zGŒH tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;/ rD;owfwyfzŒJG 0ifrsm;/ =uufajceD wyfzŒJG 0ifrsm;/
&JwyfzGJŒ0ifrsm;/ tjcm;0efxrf;rsm;pk±kH;vsuf òrdŒe,ftwGif;&Sd aus;&Gm/ &yfuGufrsm;okd@
wtdrw f ufqif; acgi;f pOfa&;xm;jcif;r&Sad om toif, h vl monfph m&Gurf sm;udk vufrw S t f wif;
t=uyfa&;xk;d ckid ;f onf[o k &d onf? tcsKd Œu rnfonft h wGuv f ufrw S af &;xk;d &onfudk ar;jref;
aomtcg/ “,ae@ ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpt D pk;d &. wHwm;aqmuf/
vrf;azguf ponfh wnfaqmufa&;vkyif ef;rsm;tay: oabm wl§rwl odvI kd vufrw S af &;xk;d ckid ;f
&a=umif;/” }uH§› zGŒH rsm;u ajymqko d nf[o k &d onf? vufrw S rf xk;d olrsm;udk &Jpcef;ok@d ac:,l+yD;
csKyaf ESmifxm;onf[v k nf;=um;od&onf? ueDwòrŒd vH;k (10-12-99) &ufae@rS (13-12-99) &uf
ae@txd vufrw S af &;xd;k ckid ;f jcif;vkyif ef;udk t"rRw&m;rJch idk ;f apcJoh nf[o k &d onf?

3? (15-12-99)&ufae@wiG f ueDòrŒd e,f trSwf (1) rJqENe,fajr jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;

vS,f OD;cifarmifoef;tm; raxmufcaH wmha=umif; qdo k nfukd wpfyek ;f (ac: ) wpfaygi;f tkypf Ek iS hf
ql;avuke;f tkypf w k @kd wiG f ðyvkyo
f nf[o k &d onf? ,if;ok@d Oya'udak usmef if;I jypfra_ jrmufaom
vky&f yfwiG f -
- obmywdqo kd rl sm;tjzpf -
(1) OD;em;armif (awmifo)l
(2) OD;ys}H uD;
(3) OD;aumif;wif (ppfrx _ rf;a[mif;) - wd@k uaqmif&u G +f yD;/

- tcrf;tem;rª;qdo
k rl sm;tjzpf
(1) a':at;=unf (ausmif;q&mr)
(2) a':cifO (uHZbD aus;&Gm ausmif;tkyq
f &mr) - wd@k u aqmif&u
G o
f nf?

- t,Ht k =unfr&Srd axmufcaH wmha=umif;tqku

d kd OD;oef;armif (awmifyv†i)f aus;&GmrS
wif;oGi;f onf? tqku
d kd axmufco
H rl &S[
d o
k &d onf?

ql;avuke;f tkypf w
k iG -f
- obmywdqo dk rl sm;tjzpf
(1) OD;b=uL;
310
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
(2) OD;oGif
(3) OD;ºuG,f wd@k uaqmif&u
G +f yD;

- tcrf;tem;rª;qdo k rl sm;tjzpf
(1) rcifEŒJG
(2) raiGpef;jrihf - wd@k u aqmif&u
G o
f nf?

- t,Ht k =unfr&Srd axmufcaH wmha=umif;qko

d nfukd OD;armifjrifrh w
S if;oGi;f onf? axmuf
cHorl sm;r&S[
d o
k &d onf?

4? (15-12-99) wae@wnf;rSmyif ueDòrdŒe,ftrSwf (2) rJqENe,fajr jynfoŒl v$waf wmf

ud,k pf m;vS,f OD;oef@Ziftm; raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfukd ueDòrdŒay: tkypf Ek iS hf acsmif;0&Gm
tkypf wk @dk wiG f ðyvkycf ohJ nf[o k &d onf? ,if;ok@d Oya'udak usmef if;I jypfra_ jrmufaomvky&f yfwiG -f
- obmywdqo kd rl sm;tjzpf
(1)OD;aomif (trSwf 2 &yfuu G )f
(2) OD;0if;atmif ( trSwf 3 &yfuu G )f
(3) OD;csKd }uD; (trSwf 1&yfuu G )f - wd@k u aqmif&u G +f yD;/

- tcrf;tem;rª;qko d rl sm;tjzpf-
(1) rtdr=f unfwif (aus;&Gm ausmif;q&mr˜ 0,m&Gm)
(2) olemðyq&mrwOD; - wd‹k u aqmif&u G of nf?
- t,Ht k =unfr&Sd raxmufcaH wmha=umif;tqku d kd OD;xGe;f vl (pdu
k yf sKd ;a&; Xme0efxrf;)rS
wifoiG ;f onf? axmufco H o l ;D jcm;r&S[
d ok &d &dS onf?
5? acsmif;r&Gmtkypf w k iG f obmywdqo kd t
l jzpf - OD;ausmw f ifu aqmif&u G If tcrf;tem;
rª; qko
d rl sm;tjzpf OD;pdezf ;kd (oif;0ifaus;&Gm) u aqmif&u G o f nf? OD;at;armif (oif;0ifaus;&Gm)
rS raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nft h qkwd ifoiG ;f onf? oD;jcm;axmufco H rl &S[ d ok &d &dS onf?

6? xdak e@u ueDòrd@e,fwe,fv;kH rS avSrsm;/ orRmefrsm;/ armfawmfrsm;/ armfawmfum;rsm;

tm;vH;k udak csmqGI J / aus;&Gmvlxuk kd (tvGeaf t;csr;f vSonfh umvwGi)f twif;t"rR/ eHeuf(3)
em&Dcef@rpS I tcrf;tem;ðyvkyo f nfh pk&yfrsm;od@k wufa&mufcidk ;f cJo
h nf[q
k odk nf? jynfov
l x
l u
k kd
qifah c:pOfu etz.wkid ;f usKd ;jynfðyaxmufc&H ef[q k u
kd m rvdrw hf ywfvyk I
f rwufrae& qifah c:
onf[o k &d onf?

7? pk&yfo@kd a&mufaomtcgrS ta=umif;pHo k &d aom jynfov l x l o k nf a'gotrsux f uG f

v#uf vSnjhf yefomG ;olrsm;&So
d nf? wcsKd Œvnf; pdw0f ifpm;r_rjybJ/ v_y&f mS ;r_r&Sd ikww
f w
k x
f idk af e=u
onf[o k &d onf? wcsKd Œaus;&Gmrsm;rS rvdrwhf ywfvyk rf nft
h a=umif;udk odojzifh vH;k 0rvma&muf
311
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

bJae=uonf[ok &d onf? rvma&mufonfah us;&Gmrsm;udk axmufvrS ;f a&;ESihf }uchH idk af &;ESihf zGŒH òz;d wd;k
wufa&;toif;rS w&Gmv#if usyaf iGwaomif; '%f±u
dk o
f nf[ok &d onf?

8? tvm;wlyif ppfuidk ;f wkid ;f / a&$bckd ±kid /f a&OD;òr@d e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) . trsKd ;om;'Dru dk
a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;oef;atmifaX;tm; t,Ht k =unfr&Sd
raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh vufrw S af &;xd;k xm;aom rSww f rf;qdo
k nfrsm;ay;tyfyrJG sm;udk
r'kid yf ifaus;&Gm tm;upm;uGi;f / tifawmaus;&Gm tm;upm;uGi;f / a&OD;uke;f aus;&Gm ukeo f ,G v
f ,f
,m0if;/ wrmawmaus;&Gm jynfoŒl tm;upm;uGi;f Y a'ocHjynforl sm;tm; +cdr;f ajcmuft=uyf
ukid If apckid ;f cJo
h nf[=k um;od&onf? jynfov l x l t
k m; ,if;uJo h @dk t"rRcidk ;f ap&mwGif yg0ifvyk f
aqmifc=hJ uolrsm;onf Oya'udak usmef if;xm;olrsm;jzpfonf?

9? rauG;wkid ;f ewfarmufòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) . trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS

w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;Akv
d af xG;tm; t,Ht k =unfr&S/d raxmufcaH wmha=umif;
qdo k nfh t"rRvyk }f uHatmf[pfyu JG kd vlwpk pk±;kH I tdik af umufaus;&Gmtkypf w k iG f usi;f ycJo h nf[k
od&onf? Tvky}f uHyw JG iG f qENazmfxw k o
f nfqakd om wGi;f }uD;aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;cspw f nf qkd
ol/ vufrw S af &;xd;k rSww f rf;qdo k nfuakd y;tyfonfqadk om tdik af umufaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;ref;
armif qko d /l rSwwf rf;vufco H nfqakd om ygwpD akH &G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGOJ uUÏ OD;xGe;f at;
qkod wl @kd EiS w
hf uG Tvky}f uHyjJG zpfajrmufatmifyg0ifppD Ofco hJ rl sm;onf Oya'ausmef if;xm;olrsm;
jzpf=uonf?

10? rauG;wkid ;f / ewfarmufòrŒd e,f jynfoŒl v$waf wmf rJqENe,fajrtrSwf (2) rS w&m;0ifjynf
olŒv$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;atmifjrifo h ed ;f tm; t,Htk =unfr&Srd axmufcaH wmha=umif; qko d nfh
t"rRvyk }f uaH tmf[pfyu JG kd vlwpkp±k ;kH I bef;uke;f aus;&Gmtkypf w k iG u
f si;f ycJo
h nf[o k &d &dS onf? vkyf
}uyH w JG iG f qENazmfxw k o
f nfqakd om uH}u;D uke;f aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;Akv d x
f eG ;f qko
d /l vufrw S af &;
xk;d rSww f rf;qdo k nfukd ay;tyfonfqakd om bef;uke;f aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;ode;f xku d f qkod /l rSwf
wrf;udv k ufcaH om vl0ifr}_ u;D =uyfa&;ESihf jynfoŒl tiftm; OD;pD;XmerS òrŒd e,fO;D pD;rª; (òrŒd e,faumfr
&Sit f zGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if) OD;atmifped f qko d w l @dk EiS w
hf uG Tvky}f uHyjJG zpfajrmufatmif yg0ifppD Ofco hJ rl sm;
onf Oya'ausmef if;xm;olrsm;jzpf=uonf?

11? wzef uaygi;f uke;f }uD;aus;&Gmtkypf w k iG f ðyvkyaf om vlwpkvyk }f uHatmf[pfyw JG iG f qEN

azmfxw k o f nfqadk om uaygi;f uke;f aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;atmifp;dk qdo k /l vufrw S af &;xk;d rSwf
wrf;ay;tyfonfqakd om uaygi;f uke;f aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;pdev f iG f qdo
k /l rSww f rf;vufco H nfqo kd l
òrŒd e,fa&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if/ òrŒd e,fw&m;ol}u;D OD;pd;k ode;f qko d wl @kd EiS w
hf uG Tvkyf
}uHyjJG zpfajrmufa&;yg0ifppD Oforl sm;onf Oya'ausmef if;xm;olrsm;jzpf=uonf?
312
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

12? rE aW v;wkid ;f / ausmufqnfòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) . trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
ud,
k pf m;vS,f OD;ausm0f if;tm;/ t,Ht k =unfr&Srd axmufcaH wmha=umif;qko d nfh vlwpk. vky}f uH
zefw;D pk±;kH atmf[pfyu JG kd òrdŒe,ftm%mykid rf sm;u t"rRcidk ;f cJo h nf[o k &d onf?
anmifa&$aus;&GmY ðyvkyaf omvky}f uyH w JG iG f qENazmfxw k of nfqadk om OD;!Ge@f vid_ f qko d /l
vufrw S af &;xd;k rSwf wrf;ay;tyfonfqakd om OD;at;ode;f qdo k /l rSww f rf;vufco H nfqadk om òrŒd
e,fa&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sif tzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if OD;0if;atmif qko d /l
rif;pkaus;&GmY ðyvkyaf om vky}f uyH w JG iG f qENazmfxw k o f nfqo kd l OD;jrifu
h kd qkod /l vufrw S f
a&;xk;d rSww f rf;ay;tyfonfqakd om OD;jroef;/ rSww f rf;vufco H nfqakd om òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyJG
aumfr&Sif tzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if OD;aZmfrif; qdo
k wl @kd EiS w
hf uG Tvky}f uHyjJG zpfajrmufa&;twGuf yg0ifppD Of
olrsm;onf Oya'ausmef if;xm;olrsm;jzpf=uonf?

13? ppfuidk ;f wkid ;f / t&mawmfòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) . trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS
w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;Avtm; tm%mykid rf sm;.ckid ;f apcsut f & ref;usn;f
uefaus;&Gmtkypf /k u|e;f awmaus;&Gmtkypf /k aemiftidk }f uD;aus;&Gmtkypf /k 0g;awmraus;&Gmtkypf /k
Oo#p}f uD;aus;&Gmtkypf w k @dk Y ðyvkycf ohJ nf[=k um;od&onf?

14? rusn;f wef;aus;&Gmtkypf Yk vlwpkvyk }f uHatmf[pfyw JG iG f qENazmfxw k o f nfqakd om

rusn;f uefaus;&GmrS ukeo f nf OD;av;armifqo dk /l vufrw S af &;xd;k rSww f rf;ay;tyfonfqakd om
OD;aomif;cspf qdo k /l rSww
f rf;vufco H nfqadk om òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sif tzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if
OD;bjrifq h okd ?l
u|e;f awmaus;&Gmtkypf w k @kd Y ðyvkyaf omvky}f uHyw JG iG f qENazmfxw k of nfqo kd l Oo#pf
}uD;aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;jrifah qG qdo k /l vufrw S af &;xd;k rSww f rf;ay;tyfonfqakd om awmifol
OD;jrifo
h ef; qko d /l rSww f rf;vufco H nfqakd om òrŒd e,fa&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if OD;wif
qef;qdo k ?l
aemiftidk }f uD;aus;&Gmtkypf Yk vlwpkvyk }f uHatmf[pfyw JG iG f qENazmfxw k o f nfqakd om
aemiftidk }f u;D aus;&GmrS OD;ajyat;qko d /l vufrw S af &;xk;d rSww f rf;ay;tyfonfqakd om bHv k ufcwf
aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;cspo f ed ;f qdok /l rSww f rf;vufco H nfqakd om òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sif
tzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0ifO;D vS=unf qdo k ?l
0g;awmraus;&Gmtkypf k vky}f uaH tmf[pfyw JG iG f qENazmfxw k o f nfqadk om 0g;awmr aus;
&GmrS t+idrpf m; ausmif;q&m OD;aX;armif qdo k /l vufrw S af &;xd;k rSww f rf;ay;tyfonfqadk om
a&,Hak us;&GmrS awmifol OD;ausmaf t; qdo k /l rSww f rf;vufco H nfqadk om òrŒd e,fa&G;aumufyaJG umf
r&Sif tzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if OD;ref;vSqo kd ?l
Oo#p}f u;D aus;&Gmtkypf Yk vlwpkvyk }f uaH tmf[pfyw JG iG f qENazmfxw k o f nfqakd om Oo#pf
}uD;aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;a&$0if; qdo k /l vufrw S af &;xk;d rSww f rf;ay;tyfonfqakd om awmifol
313
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
OD;atmifoef; qko d /l rSww f rf;vufcoH nfqakd om òrŒd e,faumfr&Sit
f zGŒJ cGt
J zGŒJ 0if OD;atmifvS qdo
k l
wd@k EiS w
hf uG Tvky}f uHyJG jzpfajrmufa&;wGiyf g0iforl sm;onf Oya'udak usmef if;olrsm;jzpf=uonf?

15? txufygtwkid ;f w&m;Oya'pd;k rk;d a&;udzk suq f ;D vsuf Oya'ausmef if;aom jypfrx _ u dk f
onfh r[kwrf w&m;/ vky}f uHatmf[pfyrJG sm;wGif ud, k w f idk u
f ,
dk u
f s wufºuGpmG yg0ifvyk u
f idk o
f rl sm;
tm;vH;k onf jzpfay:vmrnft h usKd ;qufukd wm0ef,&l rnfjzpfa=umif; a=unmvdu k o
f nf? Oya'csKd ;
azmufonfv h yk &f yfrsm;wGif jynfov l x
l t
k m; vdrn
f mvSnphf m;toH;k csvsuf vGrJ mS ;pGm avhusio hf if
=um;ay;aeonfh vky&f yfrsm;udk jyif;xef;pGm±_wcf svu kd of nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f jymokv
d jynfah usmf (4)&uf?
2000 jynfEh pS /f Zefe0g&D (24)&uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1990jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 3 (1§00)

1? xkid ;f Edik if /H &mhcsbf &l cD &Sid t

f wGi;f &Sd aq;±kw
H ±kt
H m; vufeufuikd f tkypf w
k pkjzpfaom (God's
Army) qdo
k nht f yk pf rk S t=urf;zuf0ifa&mufp;D eif;odr;f ydu k cf o
hJ nf[=k um;od&onf?

2? ,if;od@k aq;±ktH m; t=urf;zuf odr;f ydu

k x
f m;+y;D aemuf ‚if;wd@k tvd&k adS om awmif;qkcd suf
rsm; awmif;qkcd o
hJ nf[v
k nf;=um;od&onf?

3? vufeufr/hJ a&m*ga0'emcHpm;ae&olrsm;/ tm;tifuek cf rf;csed @J aeolrsm;/ roefprG ;f olrsm;

ponfh 'kuQa0'emcHpm;ae&olrsm;ESifh aq;0g;ukoay;aeaom q&m0efrsm;/ olemðyrsm;/
aq;0efxrf;rsm;om&So d nfh aq;±kwH ±kuH kd ,ckuo
hJ @kd t=urf;zuf0ifa&muford ;f yduk jf cif;onf vk;H 0
vufcEH idk pf &mr&Sad y? xk@d tjyif aq;±kwH iG f aq;ukojcif;cH&efwufa&mufae=uaom vlemrsm;tm;
"g;pmcHðyI rdrw d @dk vtdk yfcsurf sm;udk t=uyfuikd af wmif;qkjd cif;udk vk;H 0vufcEH idk pf &mta=umif;
314
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

r&Sad y? xkjd yif aq;±kw

H iG f aq;ukojcif;cH&efwufa&mufae=uaomvlemrsmtm; "g;pm;cHðyI rdrw d @kd
vkt
d yfcsurf sm;udk t=uyfuikd af wmif;qkjd cif;udk vk;H 0vufcEH ikd pf &mta=umif;r&Sad y? Tt=urf;zuf
vky&f yftm; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrwDu ¹cGi;f csurf &Sd jyif;xefpmG ±_wcf svu
dk o
f nf?

4? TuJo h @kd aomta&;jy\emonf oufqidk &f mEdik if t H wGuf udik w f ,G af jz&Si;f &ef tvGef
cufceJ ufeaJ =umif;udk pmemaxmufxm;rdygonf? ,ckuo hJ @kd aoG;xGuo f ,H rkd a_ ygi;f rsm;pGmjzifh
ajz&Si;f vku
d af =umif;=um;od&ojzifh pdw±f y_ af xG;pGmjzifh 0rf;enf;a=uuGb J ,G &f mjzpf&onf? aq;±kaH y:
&Sv
d el mrsm;tm; wpkw H &m xdcu
kd rf r_ &Sad =umif; =um;od&ojzifh pdwo f ufom&m&&So d nf?

5? ,ckuo
hJ @kd a'owGi;f +idr;f csr;f a&;ESiv
hf òHk cHa&;udk xdcu
dk yf sujf ym;apaomudp&P yfrsm; rdrd
EkdifiHukdta=umif;ðyIjzpfyGm;&jcif;onf vGefpGmrSyif wkdif;jynf.*k%foduQmusqif;apaom
ta=umif;udpjP zpfonf?

6? od@k twGuf wkid ;f jynfY vuf&w dS m0ef,al eaom Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;
a&;aumifpt D aejzifh TuJo h @kd rvkv
d m;tyfaomjzpf&yfrsm;.Zpfjrpfukd tav;teufxm;I qif
jcifo;Hk oyftyfayonf?

7? t=urf;zufro _ nf ,cif befaumufòrŒd &Sd jrefrmoH±;Hk udk t=urf;zuf0ifa&mufp;D eif;r_EiS hf

qkvd #if ESp}f udrEf pS cf g&adS y+yD? Tod@k wkid ;f jynfEiS v hf rl sKd ;tm;xdcu dk af paom t±kyq f ;kd vSonfh jzpf&yf
rsm; xyfray:aygu&f ef txl;wvnf*±kðy&efvt dk yfayonf?
8? Tae&mY urBmu h v
k or*~rx S wk jf yefaom tjynfjynfqikd &f m vlŒtcGit hf a&;a=unm
pmwrf;}uD;. pum;csD;wGif a&;om;azmfjycsufrsm;udk *±kðytav;xm;xkdufayonf? azmfjy
a&;om;xm;onfrmS -
“æ vl@tcGit hf a&;rsm;udt k a&;rxm; rxDav;pm;ðyjcif;onf vlcyford ;f . tusio hf u
d mQ
udk csKd ;azguzf suq f ;D wwfonfh &ufpuf=urf;ñuwfaom tðytrlrsm;udk jzpfay:apcJah oma=umifh
vnf;aumif;/ æ vlcyford ;f wk@d onf w&m;vufvw G f ESyd pf ufuvlðyr_/ tkypf ;kd r_EiS hf zdp;D !SO;f yrf;r_w@kd ukd
aemufq;Hk rvGo J mra&Smifom vufeufpu JG ikd u f mawmfveS jf cif;/ ykeu f efjcif;rðyap&ef vlŒtcGihf
ta&;rsm;udk Oya'jzifx h ed ;f odr;f umuG,af y;&rnfjzpfaoma=umifv h nf;aumif;/ Edik if t H csi;f csi;f
cspcf if&if;ES;D pGmqufqaH &;udk ydrk w kd ;kd wufap&ef =uHaqmif&rnfjzpfaoma=umifv h nf;aumif; æ”
[k tav;teuf a&;om;azmfjyxm;onf?
315
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

9? txufyg vlŒtcGit hf a&;a=unmpmwrf;t& Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/ ynma&;/

use;f rma&; tp&So d nfh jy\emrsm;onf Ekid if aH wmftm%mudk odr;f yduk x
f m;olrsm;tay:wGif
vk;H 0wm0ef&adS eayonf?

10? Tta&;udpPrsm;udkajz&Sif;ay;&ef tm%mudkodrf;ydkufxm;onfh EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;

om,ma&;ESifh zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpw
D iG w
f m0ef&adS ea=umif;udk wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;tygt0if jynf
olvxl w
k &yfv;Hk rS oabmayguef m;vnfoif+h yDjzpfayonf?

11? jynfwiG ;f wnf+idraf t;csr;f r_r&Sjd cif;onf a'owckv;Hk . at;csr;f wnf+idrrf u

_ dk xdcu
dk f
onftxd tusKd ;oufa&mufr&_ EdS idk af =umif;udok wdðytyfonf?

12? trSepf ifppftm;jzifh vlrsd K;pkjy\emrsm;tygt0if wkid ;f jynfYjzpfay:aeaom Ekid if aH &;/

vlra_ &;/ pD;yGm;a&; ponfh taxGaxGjy\emrsm;udk Ekid if aH &;enf;vrf;t& ajyvnfatmifajz&Si;f
&rnfjzpfonf? Edik if aH &;wnf+idraf p&ef Edik if aH &;t&ajz&Si;f jcif;rsm;udk urBmt&yf&yfY awGŒjrifae&
onf? txl;owdðy&rnfrmS t=urf;zufro _ nf t=urf;zufrr_ sm;udo k m arG;jrLay;aejcif;jzpfonf
[lonft h csuyf ifjzpfonf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f jymodv
k jy!fah usmf (6) &uf?
2000 jy!fEh pS /f Zefe0g&Dv (26) &uf?

( trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)
316
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 4 (1§00)

(rSwcf suf ? ? 26/ 1/ 2000 &ufaeŒpGjJ zifx

h wk jf yefaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;ðy
aumfrwD. a-unmcsut f rSwf = 3(1=00)ESihf yl;wGzJ wf±y+ g&ef)

1? xdik ;f Edik if H &mcsb

f &l cD ±dik f aq;±H}k uD;tm; a*g@'t f mrD ( God's Army) qdo k nfh vufeuf
udik t
f yk pf u
k t=urf;zuford ;f ydu k o f nfv
h yk &f yfrmS vH;k 0vufrcHEikd o
f nfv
h yk &f yfjzpfonf?

2? od@k aomf ,if;t=urf;zuftydik pf ;D r_ukd xdik ;f uGerf ef'rkd sm;. udik w

f ,
G af jz&Si;f yHEk iS yhf wfoufI
=um;&onfo
h wif;rsm;rSeu
f efcahJ omf tvGet f ±kyq f ;kd vSonf?

3? =um;&onfo h wif;rsm;t& aq;±Ht k ydik pf ;D olrsm;u vufeufcs+y;D rSom xdik ;f uGerf ef'rkd sm;
u zrf;qD;wkwaf ESmif+yD;xdik cf ikd ;f um wOD;csi;f udyk pfowfypfonf[=k um;od&onf?

4? t=urf;zufolrsm;u vufeufcstzrf;cH=u+yD;aemufrSom xdkif;uGefref'dkrsm;u w

a,mufcsi;f ypfowfonfqakd omowif;onf aq;±Hw k iG f "g;pmcHtjzpf tzrf;cHaecJ=h u&olrsm;xH
rS ay:xGuv
f maom rsujf rifem;=um;owif;rsm;jzpfonf[v k nf;=um;&onf?

5? tcif;jzpfymG ;&m aq;±H}k uD;w0du

k o f @kd a&muf&adS eaom owif;orm;yk*Kd~ vfrsm;todik ;f
t0dik ;f rSay:xGuv f maomowif;rSm aoewforH sm;onf tjyeftvSeyf pfcwfaomtoHrsKd ;r[kwf
a=umif;/ wzufwnf;uypfaom aoewfoo H mjzpfa=umif; t&Sizf rf;rdorl sm;tm; teD;uyfypfowf
aomaoewforH sKd ;omjzpfa=umif;/ ±kyt f avmif;rsm;.rsuEf mS udk rjrifawGŒ&a=umif;/±kyf tavmif;
rsm;. aoG;xGuaf eaomae&mtm;vH;k onf OD;acgi;f ydik ;f rsm;wGio f mjzpfa=umif; ponfo h wif;rsm;
vnf;xGuaf y:vmonf? aq;±Hak y: &Sd vlemrsm;ESi"hf g;pmcHrsm;tm;vH;k / vH;k 0xdcu kd 'f %f&m&ao
qH;k jcif;r&Sjd cif;u Towif;rsm;rSeu f efa=umif;udk twnfðyay;ouJo h @kd jzpf&onf?

6? Towif;rsm;rSeu f efygv#if xdik ;f uGerf ef'rkd sm;. Tt=urf;zufrj_ y\emtm; udik f

wG,af jz&Si;f yHo
k nf rvdt
k yfbJ tiftm;tvGet f u|o H ;kH jcif;jzpfonf[,
k q
l onf? jyefveS cf ck H ypfcwf
r_rvkyb f J vufeufcsorl sm;tm; csnw f w
k u f m aoG;at;at;jzifh wa,mufcsi;f ypfowfjcif;rSm
vGepf mG yif&ufpuf=urf;ñuwfaomvky&f yfjzpfonf?
317
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

7? *seD AD muGeAf if;&Si;f t&vnf; vufeufcs+y;D oltm; &efoyl ifjzpfapumrl owfyikd cf iG rhf &Sad y?
w&m;Oya't&omv#if ta&;,laqmif&u G &f rnfjzpfonf? w&m;Oya't& xdu k w
f efaom jypf
'%fonf rnfr#yif}uD;av;onfjzpfaprSeu f efayonf?

8? xd@k a=umifh aemiftcgwiG f tvm;wljzpf&yfrsKd ;rsm;rjzpfay:ap&ef Tod@k aqmif&u G v

f u
kd &f
onfqo kd nfh xdik ;f tpd;k &ajyma&;qdck iG &hf o
dS .
l ajymqdck suo
f nf oabmwlvufcEH ikd pf &mta=umif;
r&Sday?

9? Tod@k &efu&kd efcsi;f tiftm;toH;k ðyI ESrd ef if;jcif;rsm;onf jy\emtm; ajyvnfomG ;

&ef rnfo@kd r# rvkyEf ikd af y? om"uaygi;f rsm;pGmyif&o
dS nf? ta&SŒtv,fyikd ;f jy\emrsm;/ udq
k Akd kd
jy\emrsm;onf +yD;jywfjcif;r&Sb d J qufvuf jzpfymG ;aeonfukd oifcef;pm,lEikd af yonf?

10? befaumufòrdŒ&Sd jrefrmoH±;kH Y tvm;wljzpfymG ;cJph Ofu aqG;aEG;jcif;tm;jzifo h m at;

at;csr;f csr;f +yD;qH;k oGm;cJoh nf? xdpk Ofu xdik ;f Edik if t
H pd;k &. aoG;xGuo
f ,
H rkd &Sad pbJ ajz&Si;f cJyh u
kH kd
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDucs;D usK;cJ&h onf?

11? od@k twGuf aq;±Ht

k ydik pf ;D r_EiS yhf wfoufI xdik ;f uGerf ef'rkd sm;. w&m;vufvw
G af jz&Si;f
r_rsm;onf =um;&onfhtwdkif;rSefuefcJhonf&Sdaomf jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu
±_wcf svu
kd o
f nf?

12? xd@k tjyif Taq;±Hk t=urf;zuftydik pf ;D r_ukd udik w

f ,
G af jz&Si;f yHEk iS yhf wfoufI xdik ;f tpd;k &
taejzifh w&m;ojzifh rSerf eS u
f efuefjzpfap&ef pHpk rf;ppfaq;ta&;,lum urBmodatmifaqmif&u G f
ay;vdr@f rnf[k jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDuar#mv f ifoh nf?

13? aq;±Huk kd t=urf;zufjcif;ta=umif;ESiyhf wfoufI Zpfjrpfukd tav;teufxm;qifjcif

oH;k oyf=u&ef jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDu wdu
k w
f eG ;f vdu
k o
f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f jymodv
k jynfah usmf (7) &uf?
2000 jynfEh pS /f Zefe0g&Dv (27) &uf?

( trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)
318
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuf trSwf 5 (2§00)

trsKd ;om;'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf OuUX u 4/ 2/ 2000 aeŒpGjJ zifh Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf
zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpOD uUX xHoŒkd ay;ydŒk onfph mudk odom&efjzefŒa0vdu k o
f nf?

(p)“ ta=umif;t&m? ? jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ud,

k pf m;vS,rf sm;. use;f rma&;tajctae?

1? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uaom rauG;
wdik ;f / a&eHacsmif;òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,f trSwf (2) rS OD;cifausm[ f ef ESi/hf òrŒd opfòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf
(1) rS OD;omatmifw@kd tm; rauG;òrdŒ/ trSwf (15)/ axmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ atmuf&dS xde;f odr;f a&;
pcef;wGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;onfrmS (1) ESpf ESihf (6) vcef@ &S+d yjD zpfygonf? xdyk *k Kd~ vrf sm;. use;f rm
a&;tajctaerSm usqif;,d, k iG ;f v#u&f odS nf[=k um;od&ygonf?

2? xde;f odr;f xm;aompcef;Y use;f rma&;ðypkapmifah &Smufrr_ mS vHak vmufrr_ &Sb d J (5) v
(6) vcef@=umrSomv#if w}urd v f ma&mufI use;f rma&;aq;ppfrð_ yvkyo f nf[o
k &d &dS ygonf? 15-
12-99 &ufae@u v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;cifausm[ f ef. tay:oGm;ESpaf csmif; ðywfxu G &f m
oGm;wkjyefpu kd v
f o
kd jzifh u|r;f usio f ol mG ;bufqikd &f mq&m0eftm; axmufvrS ;f a&;wyfzŒJG rS wqifh
jyocJo h nf? oufqikd &f mq&m0efu oGm;wkjyefpu kd &f efvt
kd yfa=umif; ajym=um;onf[o k &d &dS ygonf?
od@k twGuf oufqikd &f maxmufvrS ;f a&;wyfq, G rf ;ª wyf=uyf}uD;od@k ta=umif;=um;cJ&h m wm0efcH
Adv
k }f u;D jzpfou l aq;0g;ukor_ ukeu f sp&dwaf iG 1000d§- usyx f ufyvkd #if um,uH&iS rf S xuf0ufus
cHygu aq;cef;od@k oGm;a&mufjyoay;rnf[ak jyma=umif;od&&dS ygonf? od@k aomf ,ae@txd ouf
qdik &f mq&m0efxo H @kd oGm;a&mufjyo&jcif;r&Sad o;yg?

319
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

3? 27-12-99 &ufae@wiG f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;omatmif onf acgi;f rl;
a0'emcHpm;ae&ojzifh oufqikd &f maxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ u aq;cef;od@k yd@k ay;cJ&h m/ q&m0efu aoG;
wd;k a&m*gjzpfaea=umif;awGŒ&S&d ojzifh aq;ay;vdu k of nf[k od&&dS ygonf? od@k aomf a&m*groufom
ao;ojzifah emuf&ufrsm;wGif aq;cef;od@k qufvufomG ;a&mufjyovdak =umif;ajym=um;&m pcef;
wm0efcu H rtm;aoma=umifh vdu k rf yd@k Eikd af =umif;ajym=um;onf[o k &d &dS ygonf? ‚if;wd@k tm;vyf
rSomvdu k yf @kd ojzifh 29-12-99 &ufae@rS 11-1-2000 &ufae@txd (3) }urd o f m aq;cef;od@k y@kd ay;
onf[o k &d &dS ygonf?

4? xduk o
hJ @kd trsKd ;om;'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; xde;f odr;f
cHxm;&pOftwGif; usef;rma&;ESifhywfoufI wm0efausoabmavmufomaqmif&Gufay;
aea=umif;od&&dS ef ta=umif;=um;ygonf? zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHae&aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;
vS,rf sm;. use;f rma&;ESiyhf wfoufI zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;olrsm;Yom vH;k 0wm0ef&ydS gonf?
xdyk *k Kd~ vfrsm;.use;f rma&;xdcu kd rf a_ =umifh tusKd ;qufrsm;jzpfay:vmygu zrf;qD;xm;olw@kd Yom
wm0ef&adS =umif; ta=umif;=um;ygonf?” (qH;k )

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f wydwk v
JG qef; (3) &uf?
2000 jynfEh pS /f azaz:0g&Dv (7) &uf?

( trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

320
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .
(53)ESpfajrmuf jynfaxmifpkae‹a-unmcsuf

a-unmcsuftrSwf 6 (2§00)

jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if o H nf wygwt D m%m&Sipf epf. pd;k rd;k jc,fv, S rf a_ =umifh Ekid if aH &;/
pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ vlra_ &;e,fy,frsm;wGif wppc|wòf cHus+yD; urBmwGif zGŒH òzd;r_tenf;qH;k Edik if H
wEdik if t
H jzpfo@kd usqif;cJ&h ayonf? xd@k a=umifh 1988 ckEpS w f iG f vlxt k ºkH urG }_ u;D jzpfay:v#uf 'Dru kd
a&pDtcGit hf a&;rsm;udak wmif;qdck =hJ uonf? od@k &mwGif wyfrawmfryS if qufvufItm%mudk
odr;f ,l+yD; ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG u
kd si;f yay;cJah omfvnf; a&G;aumufy. JG &v'f
uduk m; taumiftxnfaz:ay;jcif;r&Scd ahJ cs? xdek nf;wlpmG jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ay:ayguaf &;twGuf
awmif;qdók u;d yrf;r_reS o f r#uv kd nf; enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh [ef@wm;aESmif, h uS v f #u&f adS yonf? Tod@k jzifh
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if . H vuf&t dS ajctaersm;rSm Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ vlra_ &;ESihf Ekid if H
wumqufqaH &;e,fy,frsm;wGif t=uyftwnf;rsm; qufvufIjzpfay:v#u&f o dS nf? T t=uyf
twnf;rsm;onf a&Smifwcifay:ayguv f maom t=uyftwnf;rsm;r[kwaf y? taxGaxGEikd if aH &;
rajyvnfrt _ ay:tajccHI ay:ayguv f maom t=uyftwnf;rsm;omjzpfayonf?
Ekid if aH &;rajyvnfrq _ &kd mYvnf; vuf&t dS m%mydik rf sm;onf vufiif;ajz&Si;f &efvt kd yfae
aomjy\emrsm;udk ajz&Sif;Ir&Edkifatmif [ef@wm;aESmifh,Sufv#uf&Sdonfhtjyif 'Drdkua&pD
tcGit hf a&;rsm;udv k nf; ydwyf ifwm;qD;v#u&f o dS nf? xd@k a=umifh vufiif;óuaH wGŒae&aom t=uyf
twnf;/ tcuftcJrsm;udk trsKd ;om;a&;tjrifjzifah jz&Si;f vdyk gu vuf&t dS m%mydik rf sm;onf 'Dru kd
a&pDtcGit hf a&;rsm;udk av;pm;vdu k ef m&efvakd yonf? 'Dru kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;rsm;qd&k mYvnf; jynf
olw@dk . tajccHvw G v f yfciG rhf sm;ESihf tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfow l @kd xrH S qif;ouf &rnf[l
aom tajccHw&m;rsm;udk txl;av;pm;vdu k ef m&efvt kd yfonf?
1990 jynfh a&G;aumufy}JG u;D onf vGwv f yfI w&m;r#w+y;D / jynfow l @kd . qENtppftrSeu f kd
az: jycJo h nfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufy}JG uD;jzpfayonf? xd@k a=umifh jynfow l @kd .qENukd av;
pm;aomtm;jzifv h nf;aumif;/ tm%monf jynfov l x l x k rH qS if;ouf&rnf[al om 'Dru kd a&pD
tjccHw&m;rsm;udk av;pm;vdu k ef maomtm;jzifv h nf;aumif; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfukd ac:,lusi;f y
321
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

ay;&rnfjzpfayonf? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfYom trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;udk OD;wnfonf/h trsKd ;

om;a&;jy\emrsm;udak jz&Si;f Edik rf nfh vkyif ef;pOfrsm;udk csrw S &f ayrnf? Tvkyif ef;pOfrsm;t& ydrk kd
us,jf yef@I 'Dru kd a&pDusaom nDvmcHw&yfuv kd nf;usi;f yay;&rnf? xdn k v D mcHY aqG;aEG;n‡Ed id_ ;f
v#uf &&Sad omtajccHrrl sm;udck srw S u f m ppfreS af omjynfaxmifpu k wkd nfaqmufjcif;tm;jzifh wdik ;f
&if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;jy\emudk ajz&Si;f =u&ayrnf?
od@k &mwGif Tvkyif ef;pOfrsm; qufvuftaumiftxnfaz:a&;twGuf óu;d yrf;r_reS o f r#ukd
Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ § Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpD
tm%mydik rf sm;onf enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh tpGr;f ukef [ef@wm;aESmif, h u S v f #u&f o dS nf? txl;ojzifh
wdik ;f &if;om;ygwrD sm;udzk suo f rd ;f jcif;jzifh wdik ;f &if;om;jy\emajz&Si;f a&;t&Sed t f [keu f kd &yfwef@
ap&ef óud;yrf;cJo h nf? od@k &mwGif 1990 a&G;aumufyw JG iG f rdrw
d ‹kd trsKd ;om;jynforl sm;. wcJeuf
aom qENrjJ zifh axmufcrH u _ &kd &Scd =hJ uaom wdik ;f &if;om;ygwrD sm;onf tm%mydik rf sm;u rnfo@kd yif
zsuo f rd ;f onfjzpfap rdrw d @kd .trsKd ;om;a&;ESiw hf uG wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ta&;ESihf tem*wfwiG f
ppfreS af omjynfaxmifp}k uD;ay:xGe;f a&;twGuf qufvufóud;yrf;cJ=h uayonf?
wdik &f if;om;vlrsKd ;toD;oD;wd@k onf 1988 ta&;awmfy}kH uD;aemufyikd ;f wGif rdrw d @kd .trsKd ;
om;a&;/ wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ta&;ESihf tem*wfwiG f ppfreS af omjynfaxmifp}k uD;ay:xGe;f a&;
twGuf oufqikd &f mjynfe,frsm;ESihf a'orsm;udt k ajccHv#uf Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;udk wnfaxmifc=hJ u
onf? 1990 jynfEh pS w f iG uf si;f yaom ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG uD;wGif 0ifa&muf
,SOòf yid cf =hJ u&m &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (23)ae&mudk
&&Scd o hJ nf? &Sr;f jynfov l x l k trsm;pkaxmufcrH u _ &kd &Scd ahJ yonf? &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonfvnf;
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfupkd m;vS,f (11) ae&mudk &&Scd +hJ yD; tEkid rf &cJah omrJqENe,frsm;wGiv f nf; &cdik f
trsKd ;om;rsm;. qENrt J rsm;tjym;jzifh axmufcrH u _ jkd yocJ=h uay&m &cdik t f rsKd ;om;jynfot l rsm;
pkaxmufcrH u _ kd &&Scd ahJ =umif; oH;k oyfawGŒ&SEd ikd o f nf? xdek nf;wlpmG rGet f rsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ onf
(5)ae&m/ csi;f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf (3) ae&m/ Zdrk ;D trsKd ;om;uGe*f &ufonf (2)
ae&mESihf tjcm;wdik ;f &if;om;ygwrD sm;onfvnf; rdrw d @kd .trsKd ;om;jynforl sm;. axmufcrH t _ oD;
oD;ud&k &Scd =hJ uay&m 1990 a&G;aumufyYJG wdik ;f &if;om;ygwt D oD;oD;wd@k onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd f
pm;vS,f pkpak ygi;f (67) ae&mud&k &Scd =hJ uonf? ‚if;wdik ;f &if;om;ygwrD sm;teuf &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;
'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf a&G;aumufyw JG iG f 'kw, d trsm;qH;k &&So d nfyh gwjD zpf+yD; &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzGŒJ
csKyf onfvnf; wwd,trsm;qH;k &&Scd o hJ nfh ygwjD zpfayonf? Ttcsuu f =kd unfv h #if oufqikd &f m
ygwrD sm;ESihf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;onf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. ud, k pf m;vS,t f ppftrSef rsm;jzpf=u
onfrmS xif&mS ;onf? xd@k tjyif typftcwf&yfpx J m;aom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;
onf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;vnf;jzpf=uay&m wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.ygwrD sm;
ESihf typftcwf&yfpx J m;onfh tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;onf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; jy\emudk yl;aygi;f ajz
&Si;f &rnfjzpfayonf?
od@k &mwGif Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ §Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf
zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpD tm%mydik rf sm;onf rdrw d @kd EiS hf oufqikd &f m trsKd ;om;rsm;.axmufcrH u _ kd &&Scd =hJ u
322
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

aom wdik ;f &if;om;ygwrD sm;udk &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKy/f &Sr;f jynf ud;k uef@'rD u kd &ufwpf
ygw/D (0) trsKd ;om;zGŒH òzd;wd;k wufa&;ygw/D òrd(ac: )crD trsKd ;om;nD!w G af &;tzGŒJ / jynfaxmifpk
u&iftrsKd ;om;rsm;tzGŒJ csKyf rsm;rSty usew f ikd ;f &if;om;ygwrD sm;tm;vH;k udk zsuo f rd ;f cJo
h nf? rnf
od@k yif zsuo f rd ;f apumrl wdik ;f &if;om;ygwrD sm;onf rdrt d rsKd ;om;rsm;.axmufcrH E_ iS hf jynfow l @kd .
qENt&ay;tyfvu kd af om trsKd ;om;a&;wm0efrsm;udk taumiftxnfaz:aqmif&u G &f ef twGuf
qufvuf&yfwnfc=hJ uonf? ‚if;tjyif rdrw d @kd . trsKd ;om;a&;/ wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ta&;ESihf
tem*wfwiG f ppfreS af omjynfaxmifp}k uD;ay:xGe;f a&;twGuf qufvufaqmif&u G jf cif;jzifh wkid ;f
&if;om;r[mrdwf (4) ygwt D jzpf tcdik t f rm&yfwnfc=hJ uayonf?
‚if; (4) ygwo D nf 1990 a&G;aumufyw JG iG f &Srwf ikd ;f &if;om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyo f nf jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (23) ae&m/ &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf (11) ae&m/ rGet f rsKd ;om; 'Dru kd
a&pDtzGŒJ onf (5) ae&m/ Zdrk ;D trsKd ;om;uGe*f &ufonf (2) ae&m toD;oD; &&Scd =hJ u+yD; pkpak ygi;f
jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (41) ae&mudk &&Sx d m;a=umif;awGŒEdik o f nf? wdik ;f &if;om; (4)
ygwD r[mrdwt f zGŒJ ESihf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfw@kd onf vufiif;&ifqikd óf uHawGŒae&maom
jy\emrsm;ajz&Sif;Edkifa&;/ jynfolŒv$wfawmfay:aygufa&;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;jy\em
ajz&Si;f a&;wd@k twGuf t}udr}f udraf wGŒqHak qG;aEG;cJ=h u+yD; 'Dru kd a&pDa&;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;
jy\emajz&Si;f a&;twGuf tjyeftvSeef m;vnfrE_ iS hf tajccHoabmwlnrD r_ sm;vnf;&&Scd =hJ u
onf? ‚if;tjyif jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ay:ayguaf &;twGuv f nf; yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G cf =hJ uonf?
od@k &mwGif jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:ayguaf &;twGuf óud;yrf;r_reS o f r#ukd enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh [ef@wm;
aESmuf,Sufjcif;cHcJh&onf? Todk@ [ef@wm;aESmuf,Sufr_rsm;a=umifh jynfolŒv$wfawmfw&yf
ay:ayguv f mEdik jf cif;r&Sad oma=umifh wdik ;f &if;om;ygwD (4) ygw. D ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf trsKd ;om;
'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfw@kd yl;aygi;f +yD; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDukd tcdik t f rmzGŒJ pnf;cJ&h
ayonf? Tod@k atmifjrifpmG yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G jf cif;onf rdrw d ikd ;f jynfvw G v f yfa&;&&S+d yD;onfh
aemufwiG f yxrqH;k t}urd f ay:aygucf jhJ cif;jzpfonf? TonfrmS ordik ;f .xl;jcm;csuw f &yfjzpfonfh
tjyif tem*wfwiG f wdik ;f &if;om;jy\emajz&Si;f a&;ESihf ppfreS af omjynfaxmifp}k uD;udk zGŒJ pnf;
a&;twGuaf qmif&u G &f ef tcGit hf a&;rsm;udv k nf;ay:ayguaf pcJyh gonf? xd@k a=umifh -
1? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:ayguaf &;/
2? trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;ESihf trsKd ;om;jy\emajz&Si;f a&;twGuf vkyif ef;pOf
rsm;csrw S af &;/
3? 'Dru kd a&pDus+yD; ydrk u kd s,jf yef@aomnDvmcHw&yfY aqG;aEG;n‡Ed id_ ;f +yD; tajccHrrl sm;
csrwS af &;/
4? xdt k ajccHrrl sm;t& ppfreS af omjynfaxmifpu k kd zGŒJ pnf;a&;/
ponfh vkyif ef;pOfrsm;udk taumiftxnfaz:aqmifjcif;jzifh 'Dru kd a&pDxeG ;f um;a&;/ wdik ;f
&if;om;rsm;jy\emajz&Si;f a&;ESihf trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;udv k nf; wnfaqmufEidk rf nf
jzpfayonf? od@k &mwGif Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ §Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,m
a&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpt D m%mydik rf sm;onf wdik ;f &if;om;ygwrD sm;udzk suo f rd ;f jcif;/ wdik ;f &if;om;
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tjcm;wbufwiG f rdrw d @kd pw
d óf uu d f ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;/ vufnKd‡ ;axmifacgi;f ndw+f y;D tm%mydik w f @kd .
pdww f ikd ;f us ajymcdik ;f or#ajymrnfyh *k Kd~ vfrsm;jzifh yHpk cH saqmif&u G jf cif;rsm;onf trsKd ;om;jy\emudk
ajz&Si;f &mra&mufbJ temaqG;wGif aoG;yky/f jynfyyk rf sm;jzifòh rHae+yD; twGi;f udk v_u d pf m;Ekid af om
tema[mif;}uD;toGiu f o kd mjzpfay:apygonf?
xdek nf;wlpmG wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;vufeufuikd t f zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf typftcwf&yfpEJ ikd cf o hJ nf
qdak omfvnf; xdt k zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;. trsKd ;om;a&;jy\emrsm;ESiyhf wfoufI Edik if aH &;t&ajz&Si;f &ef
awmif;qdrk r_ sm;udv k nf; ,ae@wikd af jz&Si;f ay;jcif;aomfvnf;aumif;/ ajz&Si;f &efóud;yrf;tm;xkwrf _
aomfvnf;aumif;rawGŒ&ay? tcsKd ŒtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf typftcwf&yfpcJ o hJ nfrmS (10) ESpaf usmcf hJ
+yjD zpfonf? wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd t f zGŒJ tpnf; toD;oD;wd@k onfvnf; rdrw d @kd . trsKd ;om;a&;ESihf
wuG wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ta&;udak jz&Si;f ay;rnfh tcsed t f cg/ tajctaew&yfukd apmifq h ikd ;f ae
=uayonf? Ttajctaersm;onf tcsed t f cgra&G; tvSnt hf ajymif;wckukd jzpfay:apEdik yf gonf?
txl;ojzifh wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ta&;ESiyhf wfoufI e,fcso J rm;wd@k . aoG;cGt J yk cf sKyjf cif;
a=umifh wdik ;f &if;om;nDtpfut kd csi;f csi;f pdw0f rf;uGjJ ym;cJ=h u&onf[q k . kd ? ,ae@acwfumv
wGiu f m; e,fcsŒJ orm;rsm;xufyifq;kd 0g;pGmaoG;cGrJ r_ sm;udk awGŒjrifae&ayonf? wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;
rsm;udk ud, k pf m;ðyonfh Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfuo hJ @kd aom ygwrD sm;.
awG@qakH qG;aEG; yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf r_ sm;udv k nf;aumif;/ wdik ;f &if;om;Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf wdik ;f &if;
om;vufeufuikd f typftcwf&yfpx J m;aom tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf awGŒqHak qG;aEG;r_rsm;udv k nf;
aumif; wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;wrsKd ;wnf;rS Edik if aH &;ygwED iS hf vufeufuikd t f ypftcwf&yfpx J m;aom
tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;t=um;wGiv f nf;aumif;/ vlrsKd ;wrsKd ;wnf;rS ud;k uG,rf r_ wlnjD cif;udk tcGiahf umif;
,lIvnf;aumif;/ trsKd ;rsKd ;aoG;cGo J yfv#Krd r_ sm;ðyvkyv f #u&f o dS nf? TuJo h @kd aoG;cGo J yfv#Krd r_ sm;onf
tem*wf wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;jy\emajz&Si;f a&;twGuf aumif;jrwfaomtpOftvmrsm;r[kwaf y?
xdu k o hJ @kd aoG;cGo J yfv#Kd ru _ kd wdik ;f &if;om;ygwt D zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;onf owd}u;D pGmxm;I z,f&mS ;&rnf
jzpfayonf?
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vH;k ESihf vlom;tEG,0f iftm;vH;k udk +cdr;f ajcmufv#u&f +dS yD; Edik if w H ume,fy,fY pd;k &dryf yl efrr_ sm;udk
jrifrh m;aponfjh y\emw&yftm; trsKd ;om;a&;tjrifjzifh tav;teufxm;oH;k oyf&ef vdt k yfvm
ayonf? xdjk y\emrSm bde;f / bde;f jzLESihf tufzwrif;aq;jym; xkwv f yk af &mif;csra_ =umifh ay:ayguf
vmaom rl;,pfaq;0g;jy\emyifjzpfonf? xdjk y\emonf a&S;,cifuyif &Scd o hJ nfreS af omfvnf;
typftcwf&yfp+J y;D aemufyikd ;f umvwGif urBmudk txdww f vef@jzpfapatmif rl;,pfaq;0g;onf
tqaygi;f rsm;pGm wd;k wufxu G &f adS er_rsm;udk urBmu h v k or*~. rl;,pfaq;0g;qkid &f mtpD&ifcpH mESihf
tjcm; Ekid if w H umrl;,pfaq;0g;qdik &f m tpD&ifcpH mrsm;t& od&EdS ikd af yonf?
Tjy\emonf vlrsKd ;pka'owck.jy\emr#omr[kwb f J wrsKd ;om;vH;k .jy\emjzpf
onft h jyif vlom;wdik ;f .jy\emvnf;jzpfayonf? Tjy\emudak jz&Si;f &efrmS vnf; tay:,H
ajz&Si;f enf;rsm;jzpfonfh tpm;xd;k oD;ESpH u kd yf sKd ;jcif;/ bde;f awmiforl sm;udk tjcm;ae&mrsm;od@k tpk
324
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tpm;xd;k oD;ESpH u kd yf sKd ;jcif;onf a'ocHjynforl sm;udk tenf;i,ftusKd ;&SEd ikd rf nfjzpfaomfvnf;/ bde;f
yaysmufa&;ESihf rl;,pfaq;0g;usqif;a&;twGuf xda&mufaomaqmif&u G rf r_ sm;r[kwaf y? bde;f
pdu
k yf sKd ;r_usqif;±Hrk #jzifh rl;,pfaq;0g;xkwv f yk rf u
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a=umifq h akd omf rl;,pfaq;0g;wrsKd ;jzpfonfh tufzwrif;aq;jym;onf bde;f vH;k 0yg0ifjcif;r&Sb d J
tjcm;aom"gwyk pPn;f rsm;jzifh aygi;f pyfxw k , f El ikd jf cif;a=umifjh zpfayonf? aemufq;kH awGŒ&Scd surf sm;
t& tqdyk gr;l ,pfaq;0g;rsm;udk "gwyk pPn;f rsm;rSomr[kwb f J }uHyifrx S u G o f nfh wifv&J nfrsm;rS
yif xkw, f El ikd o f nfh enf;ynmrsm;onf aemifaomtcg wrsKd ;om;vH;k ESihf vlom;tEG,0f iftm;vH;k
twGuyf g pd;k &drzf , G af umif;aomtcsurf sm;jzpfayonf? xd@k a=umifh rl;,pfaq;0g;usqif;yaysmuf
a&;udk qlv, G ef yfv, G jf zpfaom aq;+rD;wdek nf;rsm;jzifh yaysmufatmifupk m;Ekid rf nfr[kwaf y?
bde;f ESihf rl;,pfaq;0g;rsm;pdu k yf sKd ;xGu&f &dS ma'orsm;onf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkvel nf;pkrsm;
aexkid &f ma'orsm;jzpf=u+yD; xdak 'o&Sd wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;rsm;
onf jrefrmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f m taxGaxGaom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.jy\emESihf wenf;r[kww f
enf;jzifh qufpyfv#u&f adS yonf? xd@k a=umifh rl;,pfaq;0g;usqif;yaysmufa&;jy\emonf wdik ;f
&if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. tajccHusaom Edik if aH &;jy\emESihf cGjJ cm;±_jrifo;kH oyfI &Edik rf nfr[kwaf y?
jrefrmEdik if o H nf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pkpH ak ygi;f aexkid af om vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHEk ikd if w H Edik if jH zpf
ayonf? ucsi/f u,m;/ u&if/ csi;f / rGe/f Arm/ &cdik /f &Sr;f ponfh wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;tjyif
ytd0k ;f / yavmif/ 0/ em* ponft h jcm;aomwdik ;f &if;om;rsm;vnf; trsm;tjym;pkaygi;f aexdik =f uay
onf? xkv d rl sKd ;rsm;. Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;ESihf vlaer_b0 tajctae tqift h wef;
wd@k onfvnf; uGjJ ym;jcm;em;r_rsm;&S=d uonf? tkycf sKyfa&;tqift h m;jzifv h nf; tcsKd ŒrSm xD;òydief ef;
òyid af ecJ=h u+y;D tcsKd ŒrSm apmfbmG ;/ apmfu/J 'l;0g;/ awmifyikd /f awmiftyk f ponfjzifh tuGu J t
JG jym;jym;
tkycf sKyfaexdik cf =hJ uayonf? tiftm;awmifw h if;onfh tcsKd Œaomjrefrmbk&ifrsm;vufxufYom
wdu k cf u kd o f rd ;f oGi;f Edik cf +hJ yD; uset f csed rf sm;wGif wuGw J jym;tkycf sKyfv#u&f cdS =hJ uonf?
+Awd od #e,fcsŒJ vufatmufo‹kd twlwuGusa&mufum e,fcsŒJ qef@usiaf &;/ trsKd ;om;vGwf
ajrmufa&;wdu k yf u JG v kd nf; wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHv k ufwI JG qifEcJ$ =hJ uonf? vGwv f yfa&;tóud
umvjzpfaom 1947 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D wGif trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD; Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf
wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;onf wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;tm;vH;k yl;aygi;f I vGwv f yfa&;ud&k ,l&ef o
abmwlc=hJ u+yD; wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.wef;wla&;ESihf ud, k yf ikd jf yÏmef;cGiu hf kd todtrSwðf yv#uf
jynfaxmifpu k zkd ŒJG pnf;&efvnf; oabmwlc=hJ uonf? xd@k a=umifh yifvo kH abmwlncD suEf iS hf yifvpkH m
csKyfukd csKyfqv kd ufrw S af &;xd;k cJ=h uonf?
Tod@k jzifh jrefrmEdik if o H nf 1948 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (4) &ufae@wiG f vGwv f yfa&;ud&k &Scd +hJ yD;
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if [ H I l vnf; ay:ayguv f mcJ&h ayonf? od@k &mwGif Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef;usq;kH +y;D
jrefrmEdik if u H kd qufvuftyk cf sKyfc=hJ uaomacgi;f aqmifrsm;onf Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf wdik ;f &if;
om;acgif;aqmifrsm;. oabmwlcsrSwfcJhaomtajccHrlrsm;udk aoGznfcJh=uonf? xdk@a=umifh
wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf y_ sujf ym;um wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. vufeufuikd af wmfveS rf r_ sm;
&Scd =hJ uonf? Ttajctaersm;a=umifh 1961 ckEpS w f iG f awmif}u;D òrŒd Y wdik ;f &if;om; jynfe,faygi;f pHk
325
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nDvmcH}uD;w&yfuu kd si;f yum wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;udak z:aqmifEikd rf nfh jynf

axmifppk pfppfrl od@k r[kwf zuf'&,frw l &yfuakd &;qGw J ifjycJ=h uayonf? xdrk u l tkd a=umif;jyI
wyfrawmfrt S m%modr;f cJ+h y;D wygwt D m%m&Sipf epfjzift h yk cf sKycf &hJ m wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. vlrsKd ;
qdik &f mtcGit hf a&;rsm;vnf;qH;k ±_;H cJ&h onf? xd@k a=umifh wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd yf ek u f efrr_ sm; ydrk kd
rsm;jym;jyif;xefvm+yD; jynfwiG ;f ppfr;D udv k nf; t&Sed jf yif;pGmawmufavmifapcJyh gonf?
xd@k tjyif jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if . H vuf&t dS ajctaersm;rSmvnf; 1988 ckEpS f ta&;awmf
yH}k uD;aemufyikd ;f wGif Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;udzk ŒJG pnf;cGiðhf y+yD; 1990 jynfh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;
aumufyu JG u kd si;f yay;cJah omfvnf; a&G;aumufy. JG &v'furkd l taumiftxnfaz:ay;jcif;r&So d nfh
twGuf Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ vlra_ &;/ wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ta&;/ rl;,pfaq;0g;ta&;ESihf
Ekid if w
H umqufqaH &;e,fy,frsm;wGif tusyt f wnf;aygi;f pHEk iS hf &ifqikd óf uHawGŒv#u&f adS yonf?
Tjy\emrsm;onfvnf; wckpo D ;D jcm;jzpfay:vmjcif;r[kwaf y? wckwnf;aom Edik if aH &;rajy
vnfru _ t kd ajccHI ay:ayguv f maom jy\emrsm;omjzpfayonf? xd@k a=umifh Edik if aH &;tajccH
jy\emrsm;udrk &Si;f bJ pD;yGm;a&;jy\em/ rl;,pfaq;0g; jy\emrsm;udk oD;jcm; cGx J w k f ajz&Si;f I
&Edik rf nfr[kwaf y?
jrefrmEdik if w H iG f óuHawG@ae&aom tusyt f wnf;aygi;f pHw k @kd uakd jz&Si;f &eftwGuf wckwnf;
aomenf;vrf;rSm jynfoŒl qENEiS t hf nD/ 'Dru kd a&pDenf;vrf;usus jynfoŒl ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;xHo@kd
tm%mv$aJ jymif;ay;a&;yifjzpfayonf? xdo k @dk tm%mv$aJ jymif;ay;&eftvd@k imS jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
w&yfuakd c:,lusi;f yay;&efvt kd yf+yD; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfwiG f trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;udOk ;D
wnfonfv h yk if ef;pOfrsm;udck srw S &f ayrnf? xdv k yk if ef;pOfrsm;udt k ajcðyI ydrk u kd s,jf yef@+y;D 'Dru kd a&pD
usaom nDvmcHw&yfukd ac:,lusi;f yay;&efvakd yonf? xdn k v D mcHrS aqG;aEG;n‡Ed id_ ;f I &vmaom
tajccHrrl sm;jzifh ppfreS af omjynfaxmifpu k zkd ŒJG pnf;&ayrnf?
xd@k a=umifh ,ae@&ifqikd óf uHawGŒae&aom tusyt f wnf;aygi;f pHu k kd ajz&Si;f Ekid af &;twGuf
oufqikd &f mtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;tm;vH;k onf rdrw d @kd .yk*Kd~ vfa&;ESihf toif;tzGŒJ wd@k . tusKd ;pD;yGm;
rsm;udzk ,f&mS ;I trsKd ;om;a&;tjrifjzifo h ;kH oyfum 'Dru kd a&pDxeG ;f um;a&;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;
rsm;jy\emajz&Si;f a&;rSonf trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;udk wnfaqmuf=uyg&ef (53) ESpf
ajrmuf jynfaxmifpak e@ukd tav;teufðyI wdu k w f eG ;f tyfygonf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
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jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
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wlpmcsKyftm; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD.axmufccH suEf iS hf oabmxm;udk xkwf
jyefvdkufonf//

1? 1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;. jynfoŒl v$waf wmfuu kd ,
kd pf m;ðyonfh aumfrwD “jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD” udk 16-9-98 &ufae‹wiG f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f rsm;
pku tyfEiS ;f vdu k af omvkyyf ikd cf iG t
hf & ckid rf mpGmzGŒJ pnf;vku d o
f nf? xkd jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;
ðyaumfrwDonf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:ayguo f nftxd v$waf wmfu, kd pf m; aqmif&u G o
f mG ;rnf?
wenf;tm;jzifh v$waf wmfw&yfray:ao;rD v$waf wmf.vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;ukd tok;H ðyoGm;rnf[k tckid f
trm t"dyg` ,zf iG q hf cdk suyf ifjzpfonf// xko d @kd vyk yf ikd cf iG t
hf & ,ck Edik if aH wmfuusio hf ;Hk aeaom Oya'
rsm;udjk yefvnfo;Hk oyfvsuf twnfðy&ef&o dS nfrsm;/ y,fzsu&f ef&o dS nfrsm;/ jyifqif&ef&o dS nfrsm;/
jznfph u
G &f ef/ tpm;xk;d &ef/ E_wyf ,f&ef tp&So d nfrsm;aqmif&u G rf nf[k twdtvif;a=unmxm;+y;D
jzpfonf?

2? xko d @kd aqmif&u G Ef idk &f ef jynfoŒl v$waf wmfEiS o hf ufqidk o f nfh v$waf wmfa&;&maumfrwD
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k nf; toD;oD;zGŒJ pnf;um aqmif&u G v f su&f adS eonf// xkad &;&maumfrwDrsm;teuf Oya'
a&;&maumfrwDEiS hf umuG,af &;&maumfrwDw@dk onfvnf; Ekid if aH wmfEiS o hf ufqidk o f nfuh pd rP sm;udk
aqmif&u G v f su&f ydS gonf/ od@k jzpfygI ,ck Ekid if aH wmftwGuf ta&;w}u;D aqmif&u G &f rnfh udpw P &yf
jzpfonfh vlEiS whf &d pd m> efrsm;udx k cd u
kd af paom ajrðryfrf idk ;f Ak;H rsm;xkwv f yk jf cif;/ vGaJ jymif;ay;jcif;/ odk
avSmifjcif;/ tok;H ðyjcif;wk@d uw kd m;jrpfjcif;ESihf xkad jrðryfrikd ;f rsm;zsuq f ;D ypfjcif;qkid &f m oabmwlpm
csKy.
f tzGŒJ 0ifEidk if tH jzpf0ifa&mufa&;ukd jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDonf jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfusi;f yonft h cg axmufcw H ifjyay;&efjzpfygonf?
327
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

3? tqkyd g vlEiS w hf &d pd m> efw@kd uxkd cd u

kd af paomajrðryfrf idk ;f rsm;onf trsm;tm;jzifh tum
tuG,rf /hJ tjypfrahJ om t&yfom;rsm;/ jynfoal ygi;f rsm;pGm ae@pOfEiS t hf r# r±_rvSaoa=uysupf ;D =u
aponf? ud, k cf E<mtpdwt f ydik ;f rsm; b0woufwm vlpOfrrDatmif jzpf=uaponf? tjypfrahJ om
uav;i,frsm;u (12) &mE_e;f ESihf trsKd ;orD;rsm;u (16) &mE_e;f jzifh rdik ;f '%fc&H olrsm;xJwiG yf g0ifae
onf[ak zmfjyaom jrefrmEkid if EH iS yhf wfoufI tpD&ifcpH mxkwjf yefxm;+y;D jzpfonf? xkt d edXm±krH sm;
onf xdcu kd qf ;Hk ±_;H cH&olw@dk EiS chf sn;f ywfoufaeonfr[kwyf g? wEkid if v H ;Hk txl;ojzifh jynfaxmifpk
wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm;tm;vk;H twGi;f wGif 'kuo Q nfrsm;jzpf=u&jcif;/ tk;d tdrrf /hJ taxmuftyHh
uif;rJch aH e=u&jcif;/ toufarG;0rf;a=umif;ðy&ef/ oGm;&ef/ vm&efyif tvGeaf =umufvef@wek v f y_ af e
=u&jcif;/ qif/ jrif;/ u|/J EGm; ponfh tzk;d wefaom wd&pd m> efrsm;ygrusef ysupf ;D qk;H ±_;H ae=u&onfh
jy\emrsm;ESihf &ifqidk af e=u&onf? vlEiS w hf &d d p>mefw@dk ux
kd cd u
kd af paom ajrðryfridk ;f '%fc&H onfh
a'otwGi;f zGŒH òzd;wk;d wufru _ kd }uD;rm;aomt[ef@twm;jzpfaponf?

4? xkv
d El iS hf wd&d p>mefrsm;ygxcd ukd af paom ajrðryfrf ikd ;f rsm;onf xkwv
f yk of rl sm;ESihf tok;H ðyol
wk@d yifv#if toufq;Hk ±_;H I cE<mud, k b f 0wk;H atmifysu&f onftxdyifjzpfaponf? ,ae@ jynfol
jynfom;rsm;jzpfaom jrefrmhwyfrawmfppfonfrsm;ESihf tjcm;vufeufuikd w f udk af eolrsm;yif qk;d
usKd ;rsm;cHpm;ae=u&onf?

5? vlEiS hf wd&d p>mefrsm;udx k cd u kd af paom rdik ;f rsm;wm;jrpfa&;ESihf aemifwiG f zsuq f ;D ypfa&;

twGuóf uHawGŒ&rnft h cuftcJu&kd ifqidk v f #uf Ekid if tH oD;oD;wk@d u xda&mufpmG yl;aygi;f aqmif
&Gu=f u&efvo dk nf? qk;H cef;wkid f wm;qD;ydwyf ifa&;onf ta&;}u;D aom,k=H unfcsuw f nfaqmufa&;
ESihf ta&;,laqmif&u G af &;rsm;tay: Yrlwnfonf? 1996 ckEpS f 'DZifbmv (10) &ufae@ tjynf
jynfqidk &f m vlŒtcGit hf a&; ESpyf wfvnfae@wiG f urBmu h vk or*~ nDvmcH}u;D u vlEiS hf w&dpm> efw@kd
xdcu kd af paomrdik ;f rsm; xkwv f yk jf cif;/ v$aJ jymif;jcif;/ odak vSmifjcif;/ tok;H ðyjcif;wk@d ukd xda&mufpmG
wm;jrpfEidk o f nfh Oya'tmedoif&rdS nfh tjynfjynfqidk &f moabmwlncD suw f nfaqmuf=uyg&ef
ckid cf ikd rf mrmwdu k w f eG ;f xm;onf? 1997 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmvwGif xko d abmwlncD suu f kd wnfaqmufEidk f
cJ=h uonf? jrefrmEkid if w H iG tf ajcpdu k af eaom urBmu h v k or*~ ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;/ tzGŒJ rsm;jzpfonfh
,ltif'yD /dD 'AvsLtdwcf st f /dk ,leq D uftzGŒJ rsm;vnf; xku d pd rP sm;udak qmif&uG &f ef vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;
tyfEiS ;f xm;+yD;jzpfygonf?

6? ouU&mZf (2000) tapmydik ;f umvwGif wurBmvk;H ESiyhf wfoufaom ajrðryfrf ikd ;f Ak;H
jy\emudk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&ef&ydS gonf? jrefrmEkid if rH S ajrðryfrf idk ;f Ak;H rsm;udpEP iS yhf wfoufaom tpD
&ifcpH mrl=urf;wapmifukd ouU&mZf (2000) ESpv f ,fyikd ;f avmufwiG af &;qGIJ / ouU&mZf (2000)
ESpf pufwifbmvwGiu f si;f yrnfh oabmwlncD supf mcsKyftzGŒJ 0ifEikd if rH sm;. 'kw, d t}urd af jrmuf
tpnf;ta0;wGif xkwjf yef&ef&o dS nf? tmqD,EH idk if rH sm;jzpfonfh uaABm'D;,m;Edikd if /H xkid ;f Ekid if /H zd
vpfyikd Ef idk if /H rav;&Sm;Edik if /H tif'ekd ;D &Sm;Ekid if w
H @dk onf ajrðryfrikd ;f rsm;wm;qD;a&;oabmwlpmcsKyfukd
328
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f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

twnfðy+y;D od@k r[kwf vufrw S af &;xk;d +y;D jzpfI / b*Fvm;a'h&EfS ikd if u

H pmcsKytf zGŒJ 0ifEidk if jH zpfaeay+y?D
xkad =umifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDonf vlEiS w hf &d d p>mefrsm;udxk cd udk af paom ajrðryf
rdik ;f rsm;xkwv
f yk jf cif;/ v$aJ jymif;jcif;/ okad vSmifjcif;/ tok;H ðyjcif;wk@d ukd wm;jrpfjcif;ESihf ajrðryfrf ikd ;f rsm;
wm;qD;a&;ESihf zsuq f ;D ypfa&;qkid &f moabmwlpmcsKyf. tzGŒJ 0ifEidk if t H jzpf0ifa&mufEidk af &; jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfo@kd wifjyrnfjzpfygonf?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f wyd‹k wv JG jynfah usmf (13) &uf?
2000 jynfEh pS /f rwfv (1) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifjr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 8 (3§00)

1? jrefrmEkid if o
H nf ucsi/f u,m;/ u&if/ csi;f / rGe/f Arm/ &ckid /f &Sr;f ponfh wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;ESihf
tjcm;wkid ;f &if;om;trsm;tjym; yl;aygi;f aexkid af om Ekid if wH Ekid if jH zpfonfth jyif vGwv f yfa&;tóud
umvjzpfaom 1947 ckEpS /f azaz:0g&v D (12) &ufae@wiG f trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD; Akv d cf sKyf
atmifqef;ESihf wkid ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;onf wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. ud, k yf ikd jf yÏmef;cGiu
hf kd
todtrSwðf yvsuf jynfaxmifpu k zkd ŒJG pnf;&ef yifvo
Hk abmwlpmcsKyfuckd sKyfqcdk =hJ uayonf?

2? odk@&mwGif jrefrmEdkifiHudktkyfcsKyfcJh=uaom aemufydkif;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf xkdyifvkH

tajccHoabmwlncD surf sm;udk vku d ef maqmif&u G rf _ tm;enf;cJ=h uonf? aoGznfc=hJ uonf? aemif
tcdset
f cgwiG f wdik ;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;aygi;f pkH vufeufuikd af wmfveS rf r_ sm;ay:ayguu
f m wkid ;f &if;om;
pnf;vk;H nD!w G rf y_ sujf ym;cJ&h ayonf?

3? ,ae@tcsed tf cgwiG f Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpD tm%mydik rf sm;

onf wkid ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd t f zGŒJ tpnf; rnfIrnfr#EiS hf typftcwf&yfpEJ ikd cf +hJ y;D wkid ;f &if;om;
pnf;vk;H nD!w G af &;udv
k nf; wnfaqmufEikd cf +hJ yD[I l aºuG;a=umfaevifu h pm; wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;
rsm;.jy\emukd Edik if aH &;t& aqG;aEG;!dES id_ ;f jcif;tm;jzifh tajccHoabmwlncD surf sm;udk &,l
vsuf wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G af &;udk wnfaqmufEidk jf cif;r&Sad o;ay?
329
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

4? xk‹d tjyif wkid ;f &if;om;Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf wkid ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd t f ypftcwf&yfpJ

xm;aomtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;. Edik if aH &;t& aqG;aEG;ajz&Si;f &efawmif;qkrd r_ sm;udv k nf; vspv
f #L±_
xm;cJah yonf? Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpt D m%mydik rf sm;onf wzufwiG f
wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G af &;udw
k nfaqmufaeygonf? wzufwiG f wkid ;f &if;om; vufeufuikd f
tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf typftcwf&yfpEJ idk cf +hJ y[ D I
l aºu;G a=umfaeaomfvnf; wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.
&Spd rk phJ u
k se&f adS eaom tcGit hf a&;tenf;i,fuykd if xyfryH w d yf ifwm;qD;vsu&f adS yonf?

5? ouU&mZf 2000 jynfEh pS /f azazmf0g&v D (7) &ufae@onf &Sr;f trsKd ;om;rsm;. trsKd ;om;
ae@jzpfonf? &Sr;f trsKd ;om;rsm;onf 1947 ckEpS /f aza:0g&v D (7) &ufae@ukd &Sr;f trsKd ;om;ae@tjzpf
owfrw S cf +hJ yD; ESppf Ofusi;f ycJ=h uonf? od@k &mwGif awmfveS af &;aumifpaD cwfo@kd a&mufaomtcg
tm%mydik rf sm;u &Sr;f trdsK;om;ae@usi;f yjcif;onf usO;f ajrmif;onf[q k u
dk m &Sr;f jynfe,fae@
tjzpfom ajymif;vJusi;f ycGiðhf ycJah vonf? &Sr;f trsKd ;om;rsm;taejzifv h nf; trsKd ;om;ae‹ usi;f y
cGirhf &onfw h ikd af tmif &Sr;f jynfe,fae@usi;f ycGi&hf &Sad o;onfuykd if &Sr;f trdsK;om;ae@wiG f pdwEf vS ;Hk
wGif pGrJ w
S uf musi;f ycJ=h uayonf?
6? od@k &mwGif ouU&mZf 2000 jynf/h azaz:0g&v D (7) &ufae@wiG u f sa&mufaom &Sr;f trsKd ;
om;ae@urkd l jynfe,fae@tjzpf usi;f ycGiyhf ifrðyawmhay? &Sr;f jynfe,fwiG f &Sr;f vlrsKd ;wrsKd ;wnf;om
aexkid =f ujcif;r[kwo f nft h wGuf &Sr;f jynfe,fae@ukd usi;f ycGirhf ðyEdik af =umif; tm%mydik rf sm;u
ta=umif;jyum ydwyf ifwm;qD;cJ=h ujyefygonf?

7? tu,fI usi;f yrnfqykd guvnf; ±k;d &m,Ofaus;r_ uckeaf ysm&f i$ yf t

JG jzpfjzifh usi;f y&rnf?
ay#myf &JG i$ yf w
JG iG vf nf; vlO;D a& (250) xufrydak p&/ tcrf;tem;rsm;rðyvky&f / rde@f ceG ;f rajym&/ Edik if H
a&;ygwrD sm;.o0%fvm$ rsm;udrk zwf&/ eHeuf (7) em&DrS (11) em&D twGi;f omusi;f y&rnf[I l
uef@owfcsut f rsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh usi;f ycGiðhf ycJah yonf?

8? azaz:0g&v D (20) &ufae@onfvnf; csi;f trsKd ;om;ae@jzpfonf? csi;f trsKd ;om;ae@[I l

jzpfay:vm&onfrmS jrefrmEkid if o H nf 1948 ckEpS wf iG f vGwv
f yfa&;ud&k &Scd ahJ omfvnf; csi;f awmifwef;
rsm;pnf;rsO;f Oya'udk zsuo f rd ;f jcif;r&Sad o;ay? xkOd y'rsm;a=umifh csi;f trsKd ;om;rsm;onf }u;D av;
aomtcGet f wkwrf sm;udk qufvufay;aqmifae=u&ayonf? xk@d a=umifh csi;f trsKd ;om;acgi;f
aqmifrsm;. pn;f±;Hk v_ŒH aqmfrj_ zifh vlxt k pnf;ta0;}uD;w&yfac:,lusi;f yum xkOd ya'udk qef@
usiw f u
dk yf 0JG ifc=hJ uavonf? Tod@k jzifh csi;f awmifwef;rsm;pnf;rsO;f Oya'udk zsuo f rd ;f ay;cJ&h ay
onf?

9? xko
d @kd csi;f jynforl sm;udzk Ed ydS o
f nfh Oya'udk zsuo
f rd ;f ay;cJ&h aom vlxt
k pnf;ta0;}u;D
usi;f yonfh 1948 ckEpS /f azaz:0g&v D (26) &ufae@ukd csi;f trsKd ;om;rsm;u trsKd ;omae@tjzpf
owfrw S u
f m ESppf Ofusi;f ycJ=h uayonf?
330
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

10? csi;f trsKd ;om;ae@uv

kd nf; csi;f 0daoowkid ;f ae@[Il vnf;aumif;/ csi;f jynfe,fae@[I l
vnf;aumif; ajymif;vJusi;f y&ef tm%mydik rf sm;u óud;yrf;r_rsm;&Scd =hJ uayonf? od@k &mwGif csi;f
trdsK;om;rsm;url trdsK;om;ae@tjzpfom owfrw S u f si;f yavh&=dS uayonf?

11? ouU&mZf 2000 jynfEh pS /f azaz:0g&v D (20) &ufae@wiG u f sa&mufaom csi;f trsKd ;om;ae@
usi;f ya&;udrk l tm%mydik rf sm;u ‚if;wk@d .rl0g'a&;&mESin
hf !
D w
G rf r_ &So
d jzifh cGirhf ðyEkid [
f I
l ta=umif;
jyum wm;qD;ydwyf ifcahJ yonf?

12? xked nf;wlpmG ESppf Of wyd@k wvJG jynfah usmf (1) &ufae@onfvnf; rGet f rsKd ;om;ae@jzpf+yD;
vGwv f yfa&;&+yD;aemufyikd ;f rGet
f rsKd ;om;rsm;u ESppf Ofusi;f ycJ=h uayonf? rGet f rsKd ;om;rsm;onf
[Hom0wDEidk if aH wmfwnfaxmifcahJ omae@ukd rGet f rsKd ;om;ae@tjzpfowfrw S +f y;D ESppf Ofusi;f ycJ=h u
jcif;jzpfayonf?

13? vrf;pOfygwaD cwfo@kd a&mufaomtcg Ekid if aH wmftpd;k &u tm;ay;r_jzifh 1973 ckEpS rf pS I
rGet
f rsKd ;om;ae@udk }u;D us,cf rf;em;pGmusi;f ycJ=h uayonf? od@k &mwGif ouU&mZf 1361 ck/ wyd@k wv JG
jynfah usmf (1) &ufae@wiG u f sa&mufaom trsKd ;om;ae@uu kd m; tm%mydik wf @dk onf usi;f ycGirhf ðybJ
ydwyf ifwm;qD;cJah yonf?

14? tm%mydik rf sm;.tqkt d & trdsK;om;ae@[I l jrefrmEkid if YH wae@wnf;om&S&d rnfjzpf+y;D

tjcm;wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;.trsKd ;om;ae@rsm;udk usi;f ycGirhf ðyEdik [
f I
l ta=umif;jycJah yonf?

15? wefaqmifrek ;f vjynfah usmf (10) &ufae@onf jrefrmEkid if . H wrsKd ;om;vk;H twGuf trsKd ;
om;ae@jzpfayonf? +Adwo d #e,fcsŒJ wd@k onf jrefrmEkid if u
H kd ppfo;Hk }udrðf yI 1885 ckEpS w f iG f t+yD;ydik f
odr;f ydu k cf ahJ yonf? 1920 ckEpS o f @kd a&mufaomtcg &efuek w f uUov kd Of ya'udt k a=umif;ðyI +Adwd
o#w@dk .udv k edk yD nma&;pepfukd qef@usio f ydwaf rSmufc=hJ u+y;D trsK;d om;ausmif;rsm; ay:ayguf um
trsKd ;om;pdwrf sm;vnf; Ek;d =um;vmcJah yonf? xk@d a=umifh 1920 ckEpS f wefaqmifrek ;f vjynfh ausmf
(10) &ufae@ukd trdsK;om;atmifyaJG e@tjzpfowfrw S v f suf ESppf OfEpS w f idk ;f pnf;um;odu k òf rdupf mG
usi;f ycJ=h uavonf? Ekid if aH wmft}u;D tuJrsm;ESihf wm0ef&ydS *k K~ v d rf sm;uvnf; xkad e@x&dk ufa&muf
wkid ;f trsKd ;om;[ef/ trsKd ;om;rmefrsm; r,dr;f r,dik f rarhaysmufap&ef a[majymvrf;!$erf r_ sm;
&Scd =hJ uayonf?

16? od@k &mwGif jrefrmEkid if oH nf ArmvlrsKd ;wrsKd ;wnf;aexkid af om Edik if rH [kwaf y? ArmvlrsKd ;
rsm;tjyif ucsi/f u,m;/ u&if/ csi;f / rGe/f &ckid /f &Sr;f ESihf tjcm;wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;yg yl;aygi;f
aexkid v f su&f =dS uavonf? xkv d rl sd K;rsm;Yvnf; ArmvlrsKd ;rsm;uJo
h @kd &Sn=f umaomordik ;f a=umif;
rsm;ESit
hf wl bmoma&;qdik &f m ae@x;l ae@jrwfrsm;ESit hf wl ordik ;f jzpfpOf. tedrt hf jrif/h twuf
331
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

tus/ tvSnahf jymif;rsm;t& xl;jcm;aom ae@x;l ae@jrwf (trsKd ;om;ae@) ae@rsm;vnf; &Scd =hJ uav
onf?

17? TuJo h @kd ordik ;f tpOftvmrsm;ESihf ae@x;l ae@jrwfrsm;udk xdr;f odr;f =u&rnfw h m0efrsm;
onf oufqidk &f mvlrsKd ;wkid ;f .wm0efrsm;jzpf=uayonf? Tae@x;l ae@jrwf (trdsK;om;ae@) udk ouf
qkid &f mvlrsKd ;rsm;uusi;f yonft h cgYvnf; usev f rl sKd ;rsm;u *k%,
f 0l ifºh umG ;pGmwufa&muf tm;ay;
=u&ayrnf? usi;f y&eftcuftcJ&v dS #iv
f nf; 0dik ;f 0ef;ulnaD z;ray;&rnfomjzpfayonf? Tod‹k jzifh
wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tcsi;f csi;f tjyeftvSeaf v;pm;csp=f unfrE_ iS hf ,k=H unfrw _ nfaqmuf=u&ayrnf?

18? ,ae@umvonf wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G rf u

_ w
kd nfaqmuf=u&rnfh tcsed t f cg
jzpfayonf? xko d @kd wnfaqmuf&mwGif tajymoufoufjzifrh [kwb f J wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.
vlrsKd ;qkid &f mtcGit hf a&;rsm;udak v;pm;vku d ef m+y;D wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;toD;oD;wd@k . ud, k yf ikd jf yÏmef;
cGiu
hf dk todtrSwðf yjcif;jzifo h m wu,ft h ppftrSejf zpfaom wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G af &;udk
wnfaqmufEidk rf nfjzpfayonf?
19? Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ / Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;
aumifpD tm%mydik rf sm;onf tjcm;aomwkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.pmayrsm;udk oif=um;jcif;rðy
jcif;/ trsKd ;om;ae@rsm;udu k si;f ycGirhf ðyjcif; ponfv h yk &f yfrsm;onf wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H a&;udk
tav;teufxm;aqmif&u G af eygonfqadk om Ekid if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ / Ekid if H
awmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpt D m%mydik rf sm;. tajymESit hf vkyrf sm;onf wjcm;pD
jzpfaeonf? tajymwjcm; tvkyw f jcm;om jzpfavonf?

20? Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpD tm%mydik rf sm;onf jrefrmEkid if .H

yuwdtajctaet&wnf&adS eaom uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh vlrsKd ;toD;oD;wd@k . ,Ofaus;r_ "avh
xk;H pHEiS w
hf uG trsKd ;om;a&;vuQ%mrsm;udk toGio f ¾meftm;jzifo h mvufcx H m;+y;D tESpo
f m&
tm;jzifh aqmif&u G af y;jcif;r&Sad y? trSerf mS yuwdwnf&adS eonfh tajccHta=umif;t&mrsm;udk
vufc=H u&ayonf? Tod@k uGjJ ym;jcm;em;aomtrsKd ;om;a&;vuQ%mrsm;ESihf trsKd ;om;a&;tjrif
rsm;udk 0g'w&yfuckd srw S +f yD; wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!w
G af &;udk wnfaqmuf=u&rnfomjzpfay
onf?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361/ waygif;vqef; (4) &uf?
2000 jynfEh pS /f rwfv (8) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

332
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
( jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 9 ( 3§00 )

1? yJc;l wdik ;f / anmifav;yifòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.

jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;xGe;f ºuG,t
f m; t,Ht
k =unfr&S/d raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qdk
onfh vlwpk.vky}f uHatmf[pfyu JG kd 7-12-99 &ufae@uusi;f yoGm;onf[o k &d &dS onf?

2? oufqikd &f m tm%mydik w f @kd . pDpOfaqmif&u G f !¸e=f um;r_t& xdo

k @kd Oya'rJ/h r[kwrf
w&m;vky}f uaH tmf[pfyu JG kd ¹yeG w
f efqmòrŒd tm;upm;uGi;f wGiðf yvky&f m acsmif;&if;aus;&GmrS awmif
ol OD;ausmjf rifh qdo k u
l qENaz:xkww f ifjyonf[v k nf;aumif;/ at;&Gmaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;jr
aomif; qdo k ul vufrw S af &;xd;k rSww f rf;qdo k nfuakd y;tyfonf[v k nf;aumif;/ òrŒd e,fa&G;aumuf
yGaJ umfr&Sif tzGŒJ cGJ OuUÏ OD;wifaZmf0if;qdo k u
l rSwwf rf;vufco H nf[v k nf;aumif; =um;od&onf?

3? yJc;l wdik ;f / xef;wyifòrdŒe,frS trsKd ;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;
vS,f OD;cspaf rmiftm; t,Ht k =unfr&S/d raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qdo k nfh vlwpk.Oya'rJph ±k ;kH atmf
[pfyw
JG ckukd xef;wyifòrŒd tm;upm;uGi;f wGif 10-12-99 &ufae@u usi;f ycJo h nf[k od&&dS onf?

4? oufqikd &f mtm%mydik w f @kd tvduk s ðyvkyo f nfh xdv k wl pk. Oya'ausmef if;[pfatmfyJG
wGif pyg;usaD us;&GmrS awmifol OD;ode;f [ef qdo k u l qENazmfxw k wf ifjyonf[v k nf;aumif;/ tke;f
yifaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;ausmpf ;kd qdo
k u l vufrw S af &;xd;k rSww
f rf;qdo k nfuakd y;tyfonf[v k nf;
aumif;/ òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyJG aumfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGJ OuUÏ OD;pd;k oef; qdo k u
l rSwwf rf;udvk ufco
H nf[k
vnf;aumif;od&&dS onf?

5? ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / ,if;rmyifòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.

jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;wifxeG ;f atmiftm; t,Ht k =unfr&S/d raxmufcaH wmha=umif;
qdok nfh vlwpk. Oya'rJh [pfatmfyu JG kd 20-12-99 &ufae@uvnf;aumif;/ òrŒd r tm;upm;uGi;f
wGiv f nf;aumif;/ wm0 aus;&GmwGiv f nf;aumif;/ oufqikd &f m tm%mydik w f @kd . oabmwl cGiðhf y
csut f & ðyvkycf ohJ nf[k od&&dS onf?

333
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

6? Tvlwpk.Oya'csKd ;azmufyw JG iG f awmifol OD;xl; qdo k El iS hf awmifol OD;cifarmifaX;

qdok w
l @kd u qENxw k af zmf=uonf[v k nf;aumif;/ ukeo f ,G af &;0efxrf; (t+ird ;f pm;) OD;aygqo kd El iS hf
awmifol OD;+idr;f atmif qdo k wl @kd u vufrw S af &;xd;k rSwwf rf;qdo k nfuakd y;tyf=uonf[v k nf;
aumif;/ òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sif tzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;jrifo h ef; qdok El iS hf OD;cif
armifwifqo kd w
l @kd u rSww f rf;qdo k nfrsm;udv k ufc=H uonf[v k nf;aumif;od&&dS onf?

7? yJc;l wdik ;f / u0òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKy.
f jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,f a'guw f mrsKd ;0if;tm; t,Ht k =unfr&S/d raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qdo k nfh vlwpk
. w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;udak zmufzsuaf omatmf[pfyu JG kd 26-12-99 &ufae@u tke;f ESaJ us;&GmwGif
oufqikd &f mtm%mydik w f @kd .tvdu k s ðyvkycf ahJ =umif;od&&dS onf?

8? ,if;vlwpk. Oya'csKd ;azmufyw JG iG f tke;f ESaJ us;&GmrS ukeo

f nf OD;wifat;qdo k ul qEN
xkwaf zmfjcif;/ oH'if;aus;&GmrS v,form; OD;pd;k ode;f qdo k ul vufrw S af &;xd;k rSww f rf;ay;tyfjcif;ESihf
òrŒd e,fa&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sitf zGŒJ cGJ OuUÏ OD;cif!kd qdo k u l rSwwf rf;qdok nfuv kd ufcjH cif;rsm;ðyvkyf
=uonf[o k &d &dS onf?

9? ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f / uav;òrŒd e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKy.
f jynfoŒl
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;odef;0if;tm; t,Hkt=unfr&Sd/ raxmufcHawmha=umif;qdkonfh
tm%mydik w f @kd tvdu k s ðyvkyo f nfh vlwpk.atmf[pfyu
JG kd 28-12-99 ESihf 29-12-99 &ufae@rsm;
wGif wifom;aus;&Gm/ ausm&f mG aus;&Gm/ ewfacsmif;aus;&Gm/ axmuf}uHa› us;&Gm/ ompnfaus;&Gm
rsm;wGif ðyvkycf ohJ nf[o k &d &dS onf?

10? ,if;od@k Oya'ausmef if;vky}f uHatmf[pfyw JG iG f awmifol OD;jrifah tmif/ awmifol a':cif
ar0if;/ awmifol OD;cifarmif/ OD;aX;av;/ awmifol OD;armifcsKd qdo k rl sm;u qENxw k af zmf=ujcif;/
awmifol OD;qGaJ z/ awmifol OD;armifu/kd awmifol OD;pHy/kd awmifol OD;boef;/ ODausmpf ed Ef iS hf OD;pdeaf z
qdo
k rl sm;u rSwwf rf;qdo k nfrsm;udak y;tyfjcif;/ òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sit f zGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;
jzpf=uaom OD;+idr;f / OD;jrifah 0/ OD;cifarmifat; qdo
k rl sm;u rSww f rf;qdo k nfrsm;udk vufcjH cif;rsm;
ðyvkycf o
hJ nf[k od&&dS onf?

11? rauG;wdik ;f / rauG;òrŒd e,f rJqENe,f trSw(f 1) rS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;ausmjf rifth m; t,Ht k =unfr&S/d raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qdo k nfh vlw
pk. Oya'ausmcdik ;f I tm%mydik w f @kd tvdu
k sðyvkyaf omatmf[pfyu JG kd 21-1-2000 &ufae@wiG f
rauG;c±dik f tm;upm;uGi;f ESihf anmifuefaus;&Gmtkypf w k @kd Y usi;f yoGm;onf[k od&&dS onf?
334
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

12? ,if;vlwpk. vdrv f nfðyvkyaf om atmf[pfyw JG iG f jrifom&yfuu G rf S ukeo f nf OD;rsKd ;ESihf

anmifuefaus;&GmrS bufx&Dvyk if ef;&Sif OD;ausm0f if; qdo k w l @kd u qENazmfxw k jf cif;/ òrdŒa[mif;&yf
uGurf S ukeo
f nf OD;wifvS ESihf anmifuefaus;&GmrS awmifol OD;atmifóuid f qdo k w l @kd u vufrw S af &;
xd;k rSww
f rf;ay;tyfjcif;/ òrdŒe,fa&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sif tzGŒJ cGJ OuUÏ OD;jroef;ESihf tzGŒJ cGJ tzGŒJ 0if
Oya't&m&Sd OD;apma';Apf qdo k w
l @kd u rSww
f rf;vufcjH cif;rsm; ðyvkycf =hJ uonf[o k &d &dS onf?

13? ,if;od@k r[kwrf w&m;enf;jzifh Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;udyk sujf ym;apaom/ rJqEN&iS jf ynfov
l x
l k
tm; vdrn f mvSnphf m;+cdr;f ajcmufIðyvkyaf om Oya'csKd ;azmufonfah tmf[pfyrJG sm;wGif wufºuG
pGmyg0ifppD Oforl sm;ESiwhf uG qENazmfxw k o
f nfqokd rl sm;/ vufrw S af &;xd;k rSww
f rf;ay;tyfonf qdk
olrsm;ESihf rSww f rf;qdo k nfuv kd ufcaH omolrsm;tm;vH;k wd@k onf w&m;Oya'udk rav;rpm;/ ausmf
eif;xm;olrsm;jzpfa=umif;ESihf ,if;vky&f yfrsm;onfvnf; w&m;0ifjcif;vH;k 0r&Sad =umif; a=unmvdu k f
onf?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f waygif;vjynfah usmf (9) &uf?
2000 jynfEh pS /f rwfv (28) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 10 (3§00)

1? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, fdk pf m;vS,w f OD;udk wm0efrjS yefvnf±yk o

f rd ;f jcif;[lonf Oya'jzifh
tyfESif;aomtm%mwnf&SdrSom aqmif&GufEkdifonf? trsm;tm;jzifh TuJhodk@aomudpP&yf
twGuf Edik if . H zGŒJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'wGif xnfo h iG ;f jyÏmef;ygonf? tb,fa=umifq h akd omf v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,q f o
kd nfrmS rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l uk rdro d abmqENt& vGwv f yfpmG a&G;aumuf
wifajrm‡ ufay;vdu k jf cif;jzpfI jynfov l xl .
k ud,k pf m;vS,jf zpfaeonfa=umifjh zpfygonf? jynfov l l
xk.qENukd t+raJ v;pm;=u&ygonf? Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ (,ck Edik if aH wmf
at;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf ŒHG òzd;a&;aumifp)D . Oya'trSwf 14/89 (31 - 5 - 89) jzpfaom jynfoŒl
335
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w

f m0efrjS ynfvnf±yk o
f rd ;f jcif;ESihf ywfoufI Oya'jyÏmef;csuf vH;k 0xnfh
oGi;f jcif;r&Syd g?

2? vGwv f yfI w&m;r#waom ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f yI jynfoŒl

v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufEikd &f ef jyÏmef;xm;aom wnfqJ jynfoŒl
vGwaf wmf a&G;aumufyOJG ya'yk'rf 1 rS 82 jyÏmef;csurf sm;wGif jynfoŒl vGwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,u
f kd
a&G;cs,w f ifajrmufvu kd o
f nfh qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o
dS l jynfov l x
l u
k Oya'ESit
hf nD wm0efrS jynfvnf
±kyo
f rd ;f cGit
hf yfEiS ;f aomtm%mESit hf cGit hf a&;r&Syd g?

3? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'tcef; (2)/ yk'rf - 3 wGif “v$waf wmfudk rJqENe,f
rsm;rS TOya'ESit hf nD a&G;aumufwifajrmufvu kd af om ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;&rnf”
[kom Oya'jzift h yfEiS ;f xm;aom tm%mwnf&adS oma=umifh vuf&dS tm%mydik rf sm;. Oya'ESihf
nD!w G af omwm0efrmS v$waf wmfzŒJG pnf;jcif;udak qmif&u G &f efomjzpfayonf?

4? v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; wm0efrS jyefvnf±yk o f rd ;f jcif;/ vGwaf wmfu,

kd pf m;vS,f
rsm;tm; oufqikd &f mrJqENe,frsm;wGif vdu k v
f v
H ufrw
S af &;xd;k cdik ;f +yD; t,Htk =unfr&Sd [pfatmf
jcif;onf rdrw
d iG f Oya'jzift h yfEiS ;f aomtm%mr&Sb d J aqmif&u G jf cif;jzpfaoma=umifh Oya'ESihf
rnD w&m;rJph mG ðyvkyaf qmif&u G jf cif;jzpfonf?

5? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'udk wdwu d susvu kd ef m&rnfjzpfonf? OD;b!$e@f yg

(2) ESihf OD;pde=f unfyg (8)/ 1971 ckEpS f jrefrmEdik if wH &m;pD&ifx;kH rsm; pm - 11 wGif “Oya'jzift h yf
ESi;f aomtm%mudk u|Eyfk w f @kd u us,0f ef;atmifcsŒJ xGi&f efvnf;rjzpf/ usO;f ajrmif;apatmif csKŒH &ef
vnf;r[kw/f wdwu d sus av;av;eufeuf cH,o l ;kH pG&J efomjzpf.” [k vrf;!¸erf ð_ yxm;onf?
6? jynfoŒl v$waf wmf a&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf - 29wGif “v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk
oufqikd &f mrJqENe,frsm;wGiaf exdik =f uaom qENraJ y;ydik cf iG hf &So d rl sm;u v#Kd Œ0Suq f ENrjzJ ifh wduk ±f u
kd f
a&G;aumufwifajrmuf&rnf” [k jyÏmef;xm;onf? ,if;Oya' jyÏmef;csut f & v#Kd Œ0Suq f ENrjJ zifh
wdu k ±f u
kd af &G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufcx H m;&aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f OD;tm; rnfonft h m%m
ydik /f rnfonft h pkta0;ur# oufqidk &f mrJqENe,frS vufrw S af &;xd;k cdik ;f I ajAmifvufrw S af &;xd;k
ay;&aom w&m;r0ifpm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;jzifh t,Ht k =unfr&Sad =umif;/ wm0efrjS yefvnf±yk o f rd ;f
a=umif; [pfoaH y;Ir&yg?

7? jynfoŒl vGwaf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf (29) wGif v#Kd Œ0Suq f ENrpJ epfowfrwS xf m;&
jcif;rSm qENraJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o dS l jynfojl ynfom;rsm;onf rdr. d vGwv f yfaomoabmqENt& pdwóf uu d f
ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk vGwv f yfpmG tcsKyt
f cs,rf &Sd a&G;cs,Ef ikd &f efjzpfonf? wenf;tm;jzifh qENraJ y;
ydik cf iG &hf o
dS l jynfojl ynfom;rsm;. rlvvl@tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk umuG,af y;xm;jcif;jzpfonf? od@k jzpf&m
v#Kd Œ0Suq f ENrjJ zifh a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufxm;aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; ay:ay:
336
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

xifxif vufrw S af &;xd;k cdik ;f aom pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;jzifh t,Ht

k =unfr&S[
d q
k jkd cif;/ aqmif&u
G jf cif;
onf +cdr;f ajcmufI rw&m;aomenf;vrf;jzifh w&m;Oya'rJðh yusijhf cif;omjzpfonf?

8? jynfolŒv$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'yg jyÏmef;csufrsm;udkvspfvsL±_+yD; rdrdxifjrif

oabm&onft h wdik ;f t,Htk =unfr&S[ d k [pfatmfcikd ;f jcif;onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG
Oya'. &nf&,G cf su/f jyÏmef;csurf sm;udk qef@usi&f ma&mufojzifh ,if;aqmif&u G cf suo
f nf Oya'
oabmt& rlvueOD;uyif ysujf y,faeygonf? rlvueOD;uyif Oya't&ysujf y,faeaom/
Oya'tmedoifr&Sad om aqmif&u G cf surf sm;jzifh w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm;
t,Htk =unfr&S[d k t"rRvyk }f uH[pfatmfjcif;onf w&m;Oya'udk csKd ;azmufjcif;omjzpfonf?

9? vuf&dS w&m;Oya'jzpfaom Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ (,ck Edik if aH wmf

at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifp)D . Oya'trSwf - 14§89 jzpfaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;
aumufyOJG ya'wGif v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; wm0efrjS yefvnf±yk o
f rd ;f jcif;/ t,Ht
k =unfr&Sd
tqdw
k ifoiG ;f qH;k jzwfjcif;r&Syd g?

10? jrefrmEdik if .
H Oya'ordik ;f udk jyefvnfavhvm=unfv h #if jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if .
H zGŒJ pnf;
tkycf sKyfyt
Hk ajccHOya' (1974) wGiv f nf; v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; wm0efrjS yefvnf±yk f
odr;f jcif;qkid &f m jyÏmef;csuxf nfo h iG ;f owfrw S x
f m;jcif;r&Syd g?

11? jynfaxmifpq k &kd ,

S v
f pforRwjrefrmEdik if aH wmf zGŒJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' (1974) Yom
tcef; (13)/ yk'rf - 187 wGif wm0efrS jyefvnf±yk o f rd ;f jcif;/ Ekwx
f u
G jf cif;/ tpm;xd;k a&G;cs,w
f if
ajr‡mufjcif;wd@k ujkd yÏmef;xm;onf? ,if;jyÏmef;csut f &yif jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f --
-OD;tm; zGŒJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'yg jyÏmef;csuw f &yf&yfukd azmufzsuu f sL;vGejf cif;/ ay;tyfaom
wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk ausyeG pf mG rxrf;aqmifjcif;/ tusiphf m&dwyW sujf ym;jcif;ta=umif;w&yf&yf
a=umifo h m wm0efrS jyefvnf±yk o f rd ;f vdv
k #if owfrw
S xf m;aomOya'ESit hf nD wm0efrjS yefvnf±yk f
odr;f cGi&hf o
dS nf?

12? ,ae@tajctaewGif jynfolrsm;ua&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvkdufaom jynfolŒv$wf

awmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' yk'rf - 3 jyÏmef;csuEf iS hf v$wf
awmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;jcif;ukd (Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ ) ,ck Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f
om,ma&;ESizhf ŒHG òz;d a&;aumifpw D @kd u aqmif&u G af y;jcif;r&So
d jzifh a&G;aumufy+JG y;D onfrS (10) ESpcf ef@
=um+yD;jzpfaomfvnf; v$waf wmftaqmifta,mifjzifh uwdopPmqkjd cif;/ vufrw S af &;xd;k jcif;yif
rðy&ao;yg?

13? Todk@aomtajctaewGif jynfolŒv$wfawmfac:,lusif;y+yD; jynfolŒv$wfawmf.

qk;H jzwfcsut
f & jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf zGŒJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'a&;qGcJ iG yhf if r&Sd
337
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

ojzifh zGŒJ pnf;yktH ajccHOya'yg jyÏmef;csuw f &yf&yfukd azmufzsuu f sL;vGeEf idk pf &mta=umif;r&Syd g?
tvm;wlyif jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf uwdopPmqkjd yD; vufrw S af &;xk;d I rdrw
d @dk
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af e&mudyk ifr,l&ao;aom v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,o f nf ay;tyfaom
wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk ausyeG pf mG rxrf;aqmifjcif;rqkx d m;bd/ v$waf wmftpnf;ta0;yif wuf
a&mufciG rhf &ao;yg? v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f m0efyif rxrf;aqmif&ao;onft h wGuf wm0ef
xrf;aqmifqu J mv tusiphf m&dwyW sujf ym;jcif;ta=umif;onfvnf;ay:aygu&f ef ta=umif;vnf;
r&Sdyg?

14? w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k aom ,Ofaus;onfh vlŒtzGŒJ tpnf;wGif jynfov l x

l tk m; vdrv
f nft
ok;H cs+y;D Oya'csKd ; azguo
f nfv h yk &f yfrsm;Y yg0ifapjcif;r&Syd g// usi0hf wfou d mQ t&vnf;aumif;/ w&m;
Oya'pHEe_ ;f t&vnf;aumif; t&nftaoG;edru hf saom &mZ0wf*% kd ;f om;rsm;om Oya'csKd ;azmuf
onfh vky&f yfrsm;udv k uf&ZJ uf&u J sL;vGeaf vh&adS yonf/ Oya'csKd ;azguo f [ l o l nfh Oya'opPmw&m;.
'%fcwfru _ t
kd qk;H wae@wiG f rkcsraoG&ifqikd &f rnfomjzpfonf//

15// xk@d a=umifh w&m;0ifjynfo@l vw $ af wmfu,kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; raxmufcaH wmha=umif;qkd

onfw h &m;Oya'udk ajymif;ajymif;wif;wif; csKd ;azmufaomvky&f yfjzpfonfh vlwpkukd tEkid u f sihf
vSnphf m;+yD; vufrw S af &;xk;d cdik ;f jcif;/ pk±;Hk atmf[pfjcif;rsm;ESihf ywfoufI jzpfay:vmrnfh tusKd ;
qufrsm;udk wm0ef&o dS t
l m;vk;H Oya't& wm0ef,&l rnfjzpfa=umif; a=unmvku d o
f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f waygif;vjynfah usmf (10) &uf?
2000 jynfEh pS /f rwfv (29) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

338
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990jynfh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 11 ( 4§00 )

1? &efuek wf uUovkd af usmif;om;/ ausmif;olrsm;aexdik &f m ordik ;f 0iftaqmifrsm;udk ±H;k cef;

rsm;tjzpf toH;k ðyawmhrnfjzpfa=umif;=um;od&onf?

2? &efuek w
f uUov
kd af usmif;om;/ ausmif;olw@kd . ynma&;vdt k yfcsurf sm;tay: awmif;qdk
qENjyr_tm; ajyvnfatmifajz&Si;f jcif;rðybJ 1996 ckEpS f / 'DZifbmvrSpI &efuek w f uUovkd u f kd
ppftm%m&Sirf sm;u ydwx f m;cJo
h nfrmS (3) ESpaf usm+f yjD zpfaomfvnf; ,ae@txd jyefvnf zGivhf pS f
ay;jcif;r&Sdao;acs?

3? jyefvnfziG v hf pS af y;jcif; r&S±d rkH #ru 30-3-2000 &ufae@wiG ðf yvkyaf om wuUov kd 0f ef

xrf;rsm;tpnf;ta0;wGif &efuek w f uUov kd .
f ordik ;f 0ifval eaqmifrsm;udk wuUov kd .
f ±H;k cef;rsm;
tjzpf ajymif;vJtoH;k ðyawmhrnfjzpfa=umif;/ &efuek w f uUov kd yf garmuQcsKyu
f w&m;0ifajym=um;cJh
onf[=k um;od&onf?

4? =um;od&onfo h wif;rsm;t&/ &efuek w f uUov

kd .
f acwftqufquf ausmif;om;rsm;
aexdik cf ahJ om vlaeaqmifrsm;udk ±H;k cef;rsm;tjzpf atmufygtwdik ;f ajymif;vJypfrnf[k od&&dS onf?
- yJc;l aqmifukd aiGpm&if;Xme
- yif;,aqmifukd ±H;k csKyfEiS hf taxGaxGXme
- ppfuikd ;f aqmifukd tif*sief , D m±H;k Xme
- tif;0aqmifukd pm=unfw h u kd Ef iS hf okwynmXme
- '*Hak qmifukd jrefrmpmXme
- a&$bakd qmifukd a&S;a[mif; okawoeynmXme
- &wemaqmifukd '\eduESihf Edik if w H umqufqaH &;ynmXme±H;k rsm;tjzpf ajymif;vJ
toH;k ðyrnf[q k o kd nf? yJc;l aqmifrmS Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef; wuUov kd af usmif;om;b0u aecJah om
taqmifjzpfa=umif;od&&dS onf?

5? ,cktcgwiG f ppftm%m&Sirf sm;u ppfwyftwGuzf iG v hf pS x

f m;onfh wuUov kd rf sm;/ aum
vdyrf sm;/ oifwef;ausmif;rsm;Y acwfro D if=um;r_taxmuftulypPn;f rsm;pHpk v kH ifvifjzifh oD;jcm;
vlwef;pm;w&yftjzpf txl;ðyoif=um;ay;aeaomfvnf; jynfov l xl . k om;orD;rsm;jzpf=uaom
rsKd ;qufopfvil ,fwuUov kd af usmif;om;/ ausmif;olrsm;rSm wuUov kd af usmif;rsm;ydwx f m;jcif;
cH&ojzifh rdrw
d @kd b0.tem*wf aysmufq;kH vsu&f adS yonf? od@k twGuaf =umifv h nf; vlom;t&if;
tjrpfrsm;jzpfaom ,ae@ausmif;om;vli,fw@kd . pdw"f gwaf &;&mrsm;ysujf ym;vsu&f adS eonfukd
339
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

txift&Sm;awGŒjrifae&onf?
6? Edik if w
H Edik if .
H acwfrzD ŒHG òz;d wd;k wufa&;onf vlom;&if;jrpfzŒHG òz;d wd;k wufa&; wenf;tm;
jzifh Edik if w
H 0Sr;f vH;k &Sd wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d / vli,ftm;vH;k wd@k . zGŒH òz;d wd;k wufa&;ESihf wqufwpyfwnf;
jzpfayonf? ppftm%m&Sirf sm;u oD;jcm;cGx J w
k f arG;jrLavhusio hf if=um;ay;aom vli,fwpk.
zGŒH òzd;wd;k wufa&;r#jzifh jrefrmwEdik if v H ;kH / acwfrzD ŒHG òzd;wd;k wufrr_ jzpfEikd af y? vli,fausmif;om;xk
tm;/ ,if;ok@d cGjJ cm;ðypkysKd ;axmifrr_ sm;onf wae@aomtcgwiG f trsKd ;om;aoG;uGrJ E_ iS hf rke;f wD;r_rsm;
udyk ifjzpfay:vmEdik o f nfuo kd wdðyoifo h nf?

7? tcsKd ŒEdik if jH cm;wdik ;f jynfrsm;u jrefrmEkid if t H m; ynma&;ESio

hf ufqikd af om aiGa=u;t
axmuftyHrh sm; ynmoif=uma&;taxmuftulypPn;f rsm;ay;vd=k uonf[=k um;od&onf? od@k
aomf txufygtðytrlrsm;ud=k unfv h #if ,ckuo hJ @kd ppftm%m&Sipf epfatmufwiG f yHyh ;kd ay;vdu
k f
aomtaxmuftyHrh sm;onf wdik ;f jynfEiS v hf x
l tk wGuf r#r#ww vH;k 0rjzpfEikd b
f J tusKd ;&S&d dS tusKd ;
tjrwfjzpfxeG ;f r_uif;rJu h m ta[modujH zpfz, G &f mom&Sad yonf?

8? jrefrmEdik if w H uUov kd af usmif;om;rsm;. acwftqufquf ynm&nfE@kd aomufp@kd &m

Xme}uD;jzpf±rkH #ru/ jrefrmEdik if v H w G vf yfa&;&&S&d ef toufpeG @f aqmif&u G cf ahJ omacgi;f aqmifrsm;udk
arG;xkwaf y;&mvnf;jzpfI/ trsKd ;om;a&;udv k y_ Ef ;d_ ay;vdu k af om 1920 jynfEh pS f wuUov kd af usmif;
om;oydw}f u;D ay:aygu&f mXme}u;D jzpfonfh ordik ;f 0if &efuek w f uUov kd }f u;D tm; ,ckuo hJ @kd yHzk su/f
±kyaf jymif;ypf&efppD Ofjcif;onf trsKd ;om;a&;udk opPmrapmifah om vky&f yfyifjzpfonf? 1962 ck/
Zlvikd v f twGi;f u vGwv f yfa&;ordik ;f 0if/ wuUov kd of rdik ;f 0if wuUovkd o f r*~taqmuftOD;}u;D udk
rdik ;f cGJ òzzd sucf +hJ y;D / ,cktcg ordik ;f 0if&efuek w
f uUov kd }f u;D wckv;kH udk wdrðf ryfomG ;atmifzefw;D jcif;rSm
jrefrmhordik ;f tppftrSerf sm;udk ajrðryfypf&ef&nf&, G &f if;jzpfonf?

9? ,if;vky&f yfu=kd unfvh #if &efuek w

f uUov kd uf kd jyefvnfrzGiahf wmhrnft h &dyv
f uQ%myif
jzpfonf? tu,fI wuUov kd rf sm;jyefvnfziG vhf pS v f #iv
f nf; ausmif;om;rsm;onf tjcm;a0;vH
aomae&mrsm;od@k oGm;a&mufausmif;wuf&ygu p&dwt f vGe}f u;D jrifv
h o
S jzifh ausmif;om;trsm;
pktaejzifh ausmif;qufvufrwufa&mufEikd af tmifðyvkyjf cif;jzpfonf? TonfrmS ynmwwfvl
wef;pm;ray:ayguaf tmif [ef@wm;jcif;jzpfonf? od@k twGuf ynmwwfausmif;om;xkukd csKd ;ESrd f
aom Tvky&f yfukd jyif;xefpmG uef@uu G vf ukd o
f nf?

jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ud,

k pf m;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1362 ckEpS /f aESmif;wefc;l vqef; (4) &uf?
2000 jynfEh pS /f {_yDv (7) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

340
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpf taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJGrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 12 (4§00)

1? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD. twGi;f a&;rª;jzpfonfh OD;at;omatmiftm;

24-4-2000 &uf ae@/ nae (18;30) em&Dcef@wiG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;u rw&m;Oya'rJh
twif;t"rRzrf;qD;+yD; rod&onfah e&mwcko@kd ac:aqmifomG ;onf[o k wif;&onf?

2? (u) OD;at;omatmifonf twGi;f a&;rª;wm0eftjyif ud, k pf m;ðyaumfrwDwiG f yg0if

aom -
- &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Drukd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf
- &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf
- rGet f rsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzJ@G
- Zdrk ;D trsKd ;om;uGe*f &uf
æ rsm;jzpfonfh wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkEikd if aH &;ygwrD sm;udk ud, k pf m;ðyonfh ud,k pf m;vS,f
vnf;jzpfonf?
(c) ‚if;jyif tqkyd gy*k Kd~ vfonf &cdik 'f rD u
kd a&pDtzJŒG csKyf Edik if aH &;ygw. D twGi;f a&;rª;vnf;
jzpfonf?

3? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDwiG yf g0ifonfh &cdik 'f rD u

kd a&pDtzJŒG csKyf/ rGet
f rsKd ;
om;'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ ESihf Zdrk ;D trsKd ;om;uGe*f &ufw@kd rS OuUÏ}u;D rsm;onf ppftm%m&Sirf sm;u rw&m;
Oya'rJh zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif xdr;f odr;f xm;jcif;udk cHpm;ae=u&qJjzpfonf?

4? jrefrmEdik if u
H kd ppfreS af omjynfaxmifpEk ikd if aH wmftjzpf zJŒG pnf;wnfaqmuf&mwGif wdik ;f
&if;om;vlrsKd ;pktm;vH;k ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkEikd if aH &;ygwrD sm; yl;aygi;f yg0ifro
S m atmifjrifx
ajrmufrnfjzpfayonf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1362 ck/ wefc;l vjynfah usmf (7) &uf?
2000 jynfEh pS /f {jyDv (25) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

341
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJGrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 13 (4§00)

(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDtwGif;a&;rª; OD;at;omatmiftm; Oya'rJh zrf;qD;jcif;

ESihf ywfoufaom 25 - 4 -2000 &ufpyGJ g a=unmcsut
f rSwf - 12 (4§00) ESihf wJI
G zwf±y_ g&ef)

1? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDtwGi;f a&;rª;jzpfaom OD;at;omatmiftm; (24

- 4 -2000 ) &ufae@u ppftm%m&Sirf sm;tzJŒG rS/ ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;tzJŒG 0ifrsm;u Oya'rJrh w
&m;/ twif;t"rRzrf;qD;&mwGif zrf;0&rf;ryg/ &SmazGypkH rH ygbJ wtdrv f ;kH ud0k ifa&mufI ar$aESmuf&mS
azG+yD; pm&Gupf mwrf;tcsKd Œudk ,laqmifomG ;onf[o k &d onf? ‚if;tjyif ppftm%m&Sirf sm;u
rw&m; Oya'rJzh rf;qD;jcif;onf tcsed u f mvtuef@towfrnfr#=umrnf[k rnfonfh tcgur#r
od&acs?

2? jynforl sm;udk rw&m; Oya'rJt h wif;t"rR zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifaejcif;jzifh wdik ;f jynfwiG f

jzpfysuaf eaom Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/ use;f rma&;/ ynma&; tp&do S nfh jy\emaygi;f pHu k kd
ajz&Si;f I&Edik rf nfr[kwaf =umif;a=unmvdu k o
f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1362 ckEpS /f wefc;l vjynfah usmf (9) &uf?
2000 jy!fEh pS /f {_yDv (27) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

342 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvdkufaom

ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ q,feSpfajrmufa-unmcsuf
a-unmcsuftrSwf 14 (5§00)

(rSwcf su?f ? 1999 ck/ arv 27 &ufae‹wiG f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,

dk pf m;ðyaumfrw
D u
D xkwjf yefco
hJ nfh
a-unmcsut §99)ukv
f rSwf 33 (5§ d nf; jyefvnf avhvmyg&ef)

ygwpD 'Hk rD u
dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG dk 1990 jynfEh pS f arv 27 &ufae@uusi;f y+yD;pD;cJo h nf?
,ae@onf 2000 jynfEh pS /f arv (27) &ufae@o@dk csO;f eif;0ifa&mufvmonfa=umifh q,fEpS w f if;
wif;jynfah jrmuf+yDjzpfayonf? a&G;aumufyu JG kd jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya't& usi;f y
ay;cJjh cif;jzpfonf? TOya'. t"duta&;}u;D onfjh yÏmef;csurf mS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
rsm;ESihf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfuzdk ŒJG pnf;&efjzpfayonf? 'Dru dk a&pD.tajccHjzpfaom jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfay:ayguv f mrSomv#if ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDvnf;ay:xGe;f vmrnfjzpfayonf? od@k aomf
q,fEpS =f um+yDjzpfaomfvnf; ppftm%m&Sirf sm;onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;a&;ESihf
ywfoufI ,if;wk@d xw k jf yefxm;onfh Oya'ukd ,if;wk@d u, dk w f idk f odumQ rJph mG csKd ;azguaf eonf?
wkid ;f jynfordik ;f twGuvf nf;aumif;/ aemifvmaemufom;wk@d twGuv f nf;aumif;/ vk;H vk;H vsm;
vsm; tusn;f weft±kyq f ;dk vSonfeh rlemqk;d jzpfayonf?

q,fESpfwmoufwrf;qkdonfrSm wkdawmif;vSonfr[kwf? uav;oli,frsm;yif ausmif;ae/

ausmif;wuf=uum tawG;tac:/ tajrmftjrif/ tod^m%f/ rSw^f m%frsm; &So d ifo h avmuf&adS e
onfth csed t
f wkid ;f twmyifjzpfonf? rnfonfudk ðyusiv hf yk af qmifv#if oifrh nf§roifrh nf/
aumif;onf qk;d onfw@dk udk a0zefyidk ;f jcm;wwf=u+yDjzpfonf? rdru d ay;xm;onfu h wdysuvf #if
rnfo@dk aumif;usKd ;qk;d usKd ;cHpm;&rnfudk cGjJ cm;a0zefojd rifvmonft h ouft&G,yf ifjzpfayonf?

Tr#=um&Snv f monhf q,fEpS w f mumvrSm jynfoŒl v$waf wmfoufwrf; ESp}f udrf ok@d r[kwf
ESp}f udraf usmcf ef@ ay:aygujf zpfxeG ;f vmekid af yonf? xkt d csed u f mvtwGi;f jynfoŒl v$waf wmf.
w&m;0ifu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uonfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;/ wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pk
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tygt0ifw@dk u awGŒqkaH qG;aEG;=u+y;D / wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD
!Gwrf w _ nfaqmufa&;twGuf twkid ;f twmwcktxd pGr;f aqmifEikd af vmufay+y?D jynfov l x l u
k
tmomirf;irf;tvk&d adS eonfh 'Dru dk a&pDusiphf Ofrsm; tjrpfw, G pf jzpfaernf? pD;yGm;a&;onf wk;d
wufzŒHG òzd;oifo h avmuf wk;d wufvm+yD; xko d @dk wk;d wufvmonfEiS t hf r# ynma&;/ use;f rma&;
tp&So d nfh vlra_ &;rsm;onfvnf; òydiw f w
l ;dk wufvmEkid af yonf?
wdik ;f jynfvx l o k nf 1962 ckEpS rf pS I ppftm%m&Sirf sm;. twif;t"rR/ rw&m;tkycf sKyfru _ dk ,ae@
343
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

wkid cf aH e=u&onfa=umif/h a&G;aumufy. JG &v'ft&/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfay:ayguvf mrSom

ppftm%m&Sipf epfaysmufysuI f 'Dru
dk a&pDusiphf Oft& jynfov
l x
l ak wmif;waom jynfovl x
l u
k
wifajr‡mufonfh jynfolvlxktwGufjzpfaom jynfolvlxktpkd;&ay:xGef;vmrnfjzpfayrnf?
ok@d aomf v$waf wmfay:ayguv f mjcif;r&Sad y?

wkid ;f jynfEiS hf jynfov l xl tk m;vk;H twGuf 'Drudk a&pDEikd if aH y:xGe;f vm+y;D pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/ use;f rm
a&;/ ynma&; tp&So d nft
h ajctaersm; wk;d wufzŒHG òz;d vmrnfudk apwemrSe/f apwemaumif;xm;
I r±_prd efh idk o f nfth m;avsmpf mG vnf;aumif;/ twWv;Hk vk;H qefaeonfa=umifv h nf;aumif;/ oHudk
oHacs;zsu/f vlut dk m%muzsuq f o
dk nfph um;rsm;ukad rhavsmu h m ppftm%m&Sirf sm;onf rdrd
wk@d u, dk wf idk x
f w
k jf yefonfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfaumufyJG Oya'ygjyÏmef;csurf sm;ukd vspv f sL±_/ csKd ;
azguI f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ray;bJxm;cJo h nf? xk@d a=umifh wkid ;f jynfwiG f Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm;
a&;/ vlra_ &;/ ynma&;/ use;f rma&; tp&So d nfh jy\emaygi;f pko H nf wae@xufwae@ ykrd ±dk w _ af xG;
euf±id_ ;f vmaeonf?

Tae&mwGif a&G;aumufyEJG iS yhf wfoufI jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'ukd xkwjf yefco hJ nf?
wkid ;f jynftm%mukd rw&m;/ Oya'rJh odr;f ,lc+hJ y;D xkad e@ xk&d ufjzpfaom 1988 ckEpS f pufwifbmv
(18) &ufae@rpS I ,ae@xufwidk f qufwu dk w
f m0ef,al eonfh ppftm%m&Sit f zGŒJ . =oZmt&Sq d ;Hk
jzpfol twGi;f a&;rª; (1) u 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (11) &ufae@wiG f ajym=um;csurf sm;ukad z:
xkwv f u dk of nf? tm%m&Sit f zGŒJ . twGi;f a&;rª;u ajym=um;xm;onfjzpfI tzGŒJ wckv;Hk . ajymp
um;rsm;yif jzpfayonf?
“æ tckvdk vGwv f yf+y;D / w&m;r#wr_&w dS hJ ygwpD 'Hk rD u
dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D uk/d
rlvowfrw S x f m;wJt h wkid ;f atmifatmifjrifjrifusi;f yay;cJw h m[m e0wtzGŒJ taeeJ@ tm%m
v$aJ jymif;ay;csiv f @dk yJ vkyaf y;cJjh cif;jzpfygw,f? tm%mv$aJ y;zd@k qENr&Sb d ;l / &nf&,
G cf surf &Sb
d ;l qk&d if
tJ'D a&G;aumufyJG vkyaf y;p&mta=umif;r&db S ;l ? &Si;f aeygw,f? æ”
“æ EkdifiHawmftm%mudk v$Jajymif;ay;tyfcsifwJhqENr&Sdbl;/ &moufyeftm%mukd
qkyu f ifdk x
f m;vkw d ,fqw dk hJ pGypf cJG suaf wG[m tcktxd rukeaf o;ygb;l ? Ekid if aH wmftm%mukd &mouf
yef qkwu f idk x
f m;vkw d ,fq&dk if jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufy}JG u;D ukd tckvdk óu;d óu;d pm;pm;vkyaf y;
p&mta=umif;r&Sdygbl;/ ekdifiHawmftm%mukdv$Jajymif;ay;zdk@ rlvuwnf;uqEN&Sdvkd@om a&G;
aumufy}JG uD;ukd ðyvkyaf y;cJw h myJjzpfw,fqw dk m oabmayguo f ifyh gw,f? æ”

Tajym=um;csurf sm;ESihf ppftm%m&Sit

f zGŒJ rsm;.vkyaf qmifrr_ sm; vku
d af vsmnDaxGr_ &S§d r&Sd
344
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

qko
d nfudk qef;ppf&efvv dk mayonf? qef;ppf&&Scd surf sm;rSm atmufygw@kd jzpfonf?
(1) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya't&/jynfo@l vw $ af wmfuadk c:,lz@JG pnf;r_rjyKjcif;/
(2) 1990jynfEh pS f Zlvidk v f (27) &ufae@wiG f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'ESihf qef@
usio f nfh a=unmcsuf trSwf 1§90 ukd xkwjf yefco hJ nf? ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;ukd twif;
t"rR vufrw S af &;xk;d apcJah omfvnf; ,if;a=unmcsut f & jynfjh ynfph pHk Hk ðyvkyf
aqmif&u G rf r_ &Sjd cif;?
(3) v$waf wmfuadk c:,lay;&rnht f pm;/ zGŒJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya' a&;qGaJ &;twGuf
rlrsm;csrw S &f ef[q k +dk y;D / trsKd ;om;nDvmcHw&yfudk 1993 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (9) &ufae@rS
pIusi;f yaeonfrmS ,ae@widk af tmifjrifrr_ &S/d tqk;H rowfEidk b f J jzpfaejcif;? tqkyd g
trsKd ;om;nDvmcH. 'Dru dk a&pDEiS q hf ef@usio f nfh OD;wnfcsuw f &yfjzpfaom “tem*wf
Ekid if aH wmf. trsKd ;om;Ekid if aH &;OD;aqmifrt _ cef;u¾wGif wyfrawmfu yg0ifxrf;
aqmifeidk af &;” qko d nfrmS ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDuadk cszsuyf pfvu dk jf cif;?
(4) trSepf ifppftm;jzifh wkid ;f jynftwGuf tusKd ;jzpfaprnfv h yk if ef;&yfrsm; (tajccHOy'
a&;qJaG &;tygt0if ) udk jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;u jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
wGiaf qG;aEG;I/ uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;ua&;qGJ ok@d r[kwf oD;oef@tzG@J wzGŒJ zGŒJ pnf;I a&;qGJ
a&;ponfw@dk udk vkyaf qmif&rnfomjzpfjcif;?
(5) rdrw d idk ;f jynfonff urBmu h v k or*~tzGŒJ csKyf. tzGŒJ 0ifEikd if w H Ekid if jH zpfaeygv#uf tzGŒJ
csKyf. taxGaxGnv D mcHtoD;oD;/ tjynfjynfqidk &f mvlŒtcGit hf a&;aumfr&Sit f
pnf; ta0;toD;oD;/ tjynfjynfqidk &f mtvkyo f rm;tzGŒJ }u;D . tpnf;ta0;rsm;.
qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;ukd rdrEd idk if o H nf urBmu h vk or*~tzGŒJ }u;D wGif rdom;pkEidk if jH zpfaeonf
ukad rhaysmufvsuf vkyaf qmifray;jcif;/ qef@usiaf ejcif;?
(6) jynfov l x l . k 'Dru dk a&pDa&;twGuf ppfreS o f nfq h ENudk rsuu f , G ðf y/ vspv f sL±_xm;jcif;?
(7) ppftm%m&Siw f @kd . t±kyq f ;dk / twif;t"rR/ Oya'rJ/h tkycf sKyfjcif;cH&r_raS y:xGuv f m
onfh ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy[ JG o l nfh tvif;a&mifjcnfuav;ukd
,ae@wiG f viykwzf rf;qD;xm;ouJo h @dk trku d af rSmiftwdjzifzh ;Hk tkyx f m;jcif;?
(8) wkid ;f jynftyk cf sKyo f rl smtaejzifh ay;xm;onfu h wdu0wfrsm;ukd edru hf sord zf si;f pGm rav;
pm;/ rvdu k ef mbJ rsuu f , G ðf yvsuf wkid ;f jynf.orkid ;f ukd trnf;uGu}f u;D a&;qGaJ ejcif;?

ppftm%m&Siw f @dk onf ,if;wk@d a&;qGx J w

k jf yefxm;onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya'yg
jyÏmef;csurf sm;ukd odumQ &Spd mG jzifh taumiftxnfaz:ay;&rnfjzpfonf? ok@d aomf Tok@d vyk af qmif
ay;&rnft h pm; jynfov l x
l u k rdr. d vGwvf yfaomoabmqENt& wcJeufaxmufcq H ENraJ y;+y;D
a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufxm;onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ukd twif;t"rR Oya'rJ/h
rw&m;/ xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;rsm;ukd odrzf si;f / ,kwn f pHh mG aqmif&u G af eonf?

345
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

Tok@d aomvky&f yfrsm;onf rdrw d idk ;f jynfvx l tk ay:wGiv f nf;aumif;/ urBmEh ikd if t
H oD;oD; tv,f
wGiv f nf;aumif;/ vdrn f mvSnjhf zm;/ odumQ usonfh vkyif ef;&yfrsm;jzpfonf? Ttqd;k rsm;aysmuf
ysuo f mG ;ap&ef/ odumQ q,f&ef/ ppftm%m&Siw f @dk onf rdrw
d @dk uxkwjf yefxm;aom jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya't&vnf;aumif;/ uwdu0wfrsm;t&vnf;aumif;/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ukad c:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef av;av;eufeufwu dk wf eG ;f vku
d o
f nf?

1990 jynfEh pS /f a&G;aumufyoJG nf jynfov l x l .

k w&m;aomawmif;qkcd surf sm;ukd a&SmifvI J$
r&onfa=umifo h m ay:ayguv
f m&jcif;jzpfonf? ok@d twGuf a&G;aumufy. JG &v'fjzpfaom jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfay:ayguaf &;onf jynfo h Œl qENEiS t
hf nD rvGrJ aoGtaumiftxnfay:vm&rnfjzpfay
onf? tu,fI jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:ayguv f mjcif;r&Syd gu jynfov
l x
l . k qENudk qef@usijf cif;
omjzpfayonf?

,if;ok@d jynfoŒl qENudk tcsed t f cg/ tajctaersm;ESihf uku d n f pD mG jznfqh nf;ray;bJ tcsed =f um
jrihpf mG qef@usix f m;v#i/f jynfov l xl . k qef@usiw f ek @f jyefro_ nfvnf; tcsed =f umjriho f nfEiS t hf r#
ydI k ykId jyif;xefvmEkid af yrnf? rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l xl tk aygi;f wk@d onfvnf; rdrw d @dk . rlvar#mrf eS ;f csuf
jzpfaom ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDEidk if aH y:xGe;f a&; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfay:ayguaf &;wGif rdrw d @dk u, dk f
wkid w f m0ef&=dS uayonf? &[ef;&Siv f /l ausmif;om;/ jynfow l @dk . toufaxmifaygi;f rsm;pGm paw;
cJ&h +y;D rSay:ayguvf monfh 1990 jynfEh pS u f usi;f yay;cJah om ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumuf
yG. J &v'fudk rsu0f g;xifxif/ yDyjD yifjyif taumiftxnfaz:ray;rcsi;f / aemufa&G; aumufyq JG odk nf
ukd trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyu f vk;H 0O\kH vufcrH nfr[kwaf =umif; oHEÏdM mefcsxm;onf? xyfrH
Iukd jrefrmod/ urBmod/ a=unmvku d o f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrDwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1362 ckEpS /f uqkevf jynfah usm(f 10) &uf?
2000 jynfEh pS /f arv(27) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

346
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr‡mufvkdufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 15 (8§00)

1? 1990 jynfEh pS /f arvwGiu f si;f ycJo

h nfh ygwpD 'Hk rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f trsKd ;
om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf rS 392 OD;/ wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkygwrD sm;jzpf=uaom &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om; rsm;
'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS 23 OD;/ &cdik 'f rD ukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS 11 OD;/ rGet f rsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ rS 5 OD;/
Zdrk ;D trsKd ;om;uGe*f &ufrS (2) OD; jzpf=uukeaf om jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;tm;
oufqidk &f mjynfov l xl rk qJ EN&iS rf sm;u vGwv f yfI r#wpGm jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af wmf
}uD;rsm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufc=hJ uonf? pkpak ygi;f ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D a&onf (433) jzpf+yD;
a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yonfh rJqENe,fajrrSm (485) jzpfonfa=umifh &mcdik Ef e_ ;f 89 ²28 jzpfayonf?

2? Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ (,ae@wjzpfvJ Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,m

a&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifp)D u ,if;wd@k xkwjf yefxm;onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' (31-
5-89 &ufp)JG . tcef; (2) v$waf wmfzŒJG pnf;jcif;/ yk'rf - 3 t&/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfudk ac:
,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&rnfjzpfonf?

3? od@k aomf a&G;aumufy+JG y;D I rnfonfyh *k K~d v}f u;D rsm;onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
awmf}uD;rsm;jzpf=uonf[k oufqikd &f mtm%mydik w f @kd u w&m;0ifa=unmcJ@aomfvnf; ,ae@
wdik af tmifyif (q,fEpS af usmvf eG af e+yD) ppftm%m&Siw f @kd onf ,if;wd@k xw
k jf yefxm;aom Oya'
ygjyÏmef;csurf sm;udk ajymifajymifwif;wif;csKd ;azmufI jynfoŒl v$waf wmfukd ac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;jcif;
r&Sad o;ay?

4? (u) 4if;jyif txufwiG af z: jyxm;aom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkEikd if aH &;ygwrD sm;u Edik if H
awmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpOD uUÏ xHo@kd 6-6-1988 &ufpjJG zifh atmufyg tcsuf
rsm;yg&o dS nfh pmwapmifukd ay;yd@k cyhJ gonf?
“ æ u|Eykf w
f @kd onf jynfaxmifp}k u;D .tusKd ;udOk ;D xdyx f m;v#uf trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifh
jrwfa&;twGuf pdwaf pwemaumif;jzifw h ifjyygonf? æ”
“ æ a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd qufvuftaumiftxnf raz: Edik af o;jcif;onf jrefrmho
rdik ;f wGif trnf;puf}u;D jzpfaeygonf? xdt k rnf;puf}u;D udk acszsuEf ikd &f efrmS a&$;aumufy&JG v'fukd
tjref qH;k aumiftxnfaz:ay;&efEiS hf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:ay;&efrt S y tjcm;enf;vrf;r&Sad y?
æ”
“ æ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if wH iG f vuf&EdS ikd if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;ESihf wdik &f if;om; vlrsKd ;rsm;t
347
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

a&;wd@k ukd rajz&Si;f Edik af o;bJ t=uyftwnf;aygi;f pHEk iS hf óuHawGŒae&aomumvjzpfayonf? æ”

“ æ u|Eykf w f @kd tm;vH;k onf jynfaxmifp}k u;D ESiw hf uG/ jynfov l x
l t
k ay:xm;&Sad om apw
emrSejf zifh rmefrmeESihf tmCmww&m;uif;rJph mG ajz&Si;f ausmjf zwf=uv#if t=uyftwnf;rSeo f r#
udk ratmifjrifEikd pf &mr&S[ d k tav;teuf,=kH unfpmG jzifh wdu k wf eG ;f wifjytyfayonf?æ”
(c) trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfuvnf; Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;
aumifpD OuUÏ xHo@kd 23-6-1988 &ufpjJG zifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmf a&G;aumufyJG Oya't&vnf;
aumif;/ ppft%m&Siw f @kd . uwdu0wfrsm;t&vnf;aumif;/ 21-8-1998 &ufae@ rwdik rf DS jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfuakd c:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef wdu k w
f eG ;f awmif;qdck o
hJ nf?

5? od@k aomf ppftm%m&Siw f @kd u txufyg pmrsm;ESiyhf wfoufI rnfo@kd r# ta=umif;jyef

=um;csurf ay;cJah y? Tod@k jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef ysuu f u
G jf cif;onf jynfoŒl vl
xk.qENukd rsuu f , G ðf y&mod@k a&mufonfomru ppftm%mydik w f @kd taejzifh wdik ;f oljynfom;
w&yfv;kH tm;ay;xm;onfh uwdu0wfrsm;udk csKd ;azmufvu kd jf cif;jzpfonf? xdak =umifh wdik ;f &if;om;
vlrsKd ;pkEikd if aH &;ygwrD sm;/ tjcm;Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf woD;yk*v~ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;
tm;vH;k wd@k tay:wGif jynfoŒl v$waf wmfzŒJG pnf;a&;ESiyhf wfoufI rJqEN&iS rf sm;ESihf jynfov l x
l . k
qENt& wm0efusa&mufonfa=umifhvnf;aumif;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'yg
jyÏmef;csurf sm;udk xde;f odr;f umuG,f apmifah &Smufay;&rnfh wm0ef&o Sd nfa=umifv h nf;aumif;/
(16-9-1998)&ufae@wiG f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDukd zGŒJ pnf;cJo h nf?

6? tqdkyg jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDwGif wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkygwDrsm;jzpf

=uaom/ &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &cdik 'f rD u
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGet
f rsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pD
tzGŒJ ESihf Zdrk ;D trsKd ;om;uGe*f &ufygwrD sm;udk ud,
k pf m;ðyonfh OD;at;omatmif (twGi;f a&;rª;/ &cdik f
'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf) ESihf OD;oef;xGe;f (A[dt
k vkyt f r_aqmiftzGŒJ 0if/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf)
wd@k u twGi;f a&;rª;rsm;tjzpf yg0ifaqmif&u G =f uonf?

7? txufwiG af z: jyxm;onfh wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pk ygwrD sm;udk ud,

k pf m;ðyonft
h jyif aumf
rwD.twGi;f a&;rª;jzpfonfh OD;at;omatmif tm; 14/4/2000 &ufae@wiG f ppftm%m&Sirf sm;u
rw&m;/ Oya'rJ/h twif;t"rR/ csKyfaESmifzrf;qD;oGm;+yD; 7/ 6/2000 &ufae@Y ppftm%m&Siw f @kd u
rw&m;/ ESp&f n
S pf mG / axmif'%ftESpf (21) csrw
S cf o
hJ nf[=k um;od&onf?

8? OD;at;omatmiftm; rw&m;/ twif;t"rR/ Oya'rJh zrf;qD;csKyaf ESmifxm;onfah e@rpS I

rw&m;tjypf'%fay;onfah e@&ufuakd usmv f eG rf o
S m 27/ 7/ 2000 &ufae@wiG rf S oufqikd &f mrdom;
pkrsm;ESiahf wGŒqHck iG ðhf yonf? 4if;jyif tr_upkd pfaq;onft h cgwiG v
f nf; rdr.
d ckcu
H muG,cf iG hf twGuf
a&SŒaewOD;wa,mufurkd # vdu k yf gciG rhf ðyonft h jyif tusO;f enf;jzifh trsm;jynfoal &SŒarSmufwiG f
348
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

r[kwb
f J }uD;av;onft
h jypfukd rw&m;csrw
S v
f u
kd jf cif;jzpfayonf?

9? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if w H nfwchH ikd +f raJ &;onf wdik ;f &ifom;vlrsKd ;pktoD;oD;. pkaygi;f yg0if/
axmufct H m;ay;/ ulnaD qmif&u G af y;r_tay:wGif wnf&adS eonfukd jynfow l &yfv;kH u od&edS m;
vnf=uonf? qdv k okd nfrmS wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &; cdik cf ikd rf mrm wnfaqmuf
=u&rnfjzpfayonf? t"du wdik &f if;om;Edik if aH &;ygww D ckwiG f yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;+yD;/ wdik ;f &ifom;tcsi;f
csif;t=um; aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;twGufvkyfaqmifaeaom OD;at;omatmiftm; rw&m;
zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifum }uD;av;aomtjypf'%fukd ppftm%m&Sirf sm;uay;vdu k jf cif;onf wdik ;f &if;
om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;udk ydrk ykdf sujf ym;apojzifh jyif;xefpmG ±_wcf svu kd o
f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1362 ckEpS /f 0gacgifvqef; (10) &uf?
2000 jynfEpS /f -o*kwv f (9) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 16 (8§00)

trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf w&m;0iftrsKd ;om;Edik if aH &;ygwjD zpfonf? 1990 ckEpS f
u usi;f ycJo h nfh ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG /f jynfovl x l u k rdro d abmqENt&
vGwv f yfI w&m;r#wpGm a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufay;vdu k o f nf? tzGŒJ csKyu
f ukd ,kd pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf
,SOòf yid cf =hJ uonfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af wmf}u;D rsm;onfvnf; ppftm%m&Siw f @kd . jyef
wrf;rsm;t&yif w&m;0ifu, kd pf m;vS,af wmf}uD;rsm;jzpfayonf?

349
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

od@k v}l uD;/ vlaumif; / vl*%

k w
f ef yk*Kd~ vf}uD;rsm;jzpf=uaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;
vS,af wmf}uD;rsm;udk (6 - 9 - 98) &ufae rh pS I ,ae x h ufwikd f ppftm%m&Sirf sm;u rw&m;/
Oya'rJ/h twif;t"rR csKyfaESmifzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;cJo h nf? tcsed u f mvtm;jzifh (1)ESpf ESihf
&ufaygi;f (345) &ufcef@ &Sad e+yDjzpfonf? (2) ESpf jynf&h ef &uf (20) omvdak wmhonf?

TuJo h kd h tcsed u
f mv=umjrifph mG rw&m;/ Oya'rJ/h twif;t"rR/ zrf;qD;csKyaf ESmif/ xde;f odr;f
xm;onfukd “{nfah *[mrsm;” wGix f m;&SI d “aqG;aEG;aeonf” [k t&Suu f if;rJph mG urBmod/ jref
rmod ppftm%m&Sirf sm;ua=unmcJo h nf? ‚if;jyif rdrrd nfonft h jypfuu
kd sL;vGerf Id Tod@k rw&m;
xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;udk um,uH&iS yf *k Kd~ vf}uD;wd‹k tm;vnf;aumif;/ rdom;pkw‹kd tm;vnf;aumif;
today;ajym=um;cJjh cif;r&Sad y? wrifoufouf tmCmwuif;&Si;f a&;/ o[Zmwjzpfay:a&; tp
&So
d nfh rGejf rwfvaS omrl0g'rsm;udck srwS +f y;D trsKd ;om;Edik if aH &;twGuf aqmif&u G af eaom trsKd ;om;
'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyftay: tmCmwjzifh ppftm%m&Sirf sm;u ðyvkyaf qmif&u G af ejcif;omjzpfonf?

*k%o f a&&Sd jynfoŒl ud, k pf m;vS,af wmf}uD;rsm;udk rnfonft h jypfurkd #usL;vGejf cif;r&Syd gbJ
v#uEf iS hf rw&m; zrf;qD;/ csKyfaESmif/ xde;f odr;f jcif;ðyae+yD; ,cktcg xl;qef;vSonft h jzpftysuf
w&yfrmS rE aW v;wdik ;f / rdxv DW mòrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (2) rS jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
awmf}u;D a'guw f mode;f vGitf m; tjypfr&Syd gbEJ iS hf (6-9-98) &ufae‹rS pwifzrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;
+yD; 1-7-2000 &ufae@wiG u f srS rdxv DW m&Sd ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;wyf trSwf (15) rS wyf=uyf}uD;
wifat; qdo k ul a'guw f mode;f vGit f m; “q&mhtm;v$wx f m;jcif;r[kwyf g (1950 - ckEpS /f ta&;
ay: pDrcH sut f ufOya') yk'rf (5) njzifh ,ref,I l xde;f odr;f xm;qJjzpfa=umif;” [k jynfov l xl wk
&yfv;kH u &G&H mS rke;f wD;aeonfyh 'k rf udk wyfvu kd af =umif;=um;od&onf?
“{nfah *[mrsm;” wGix f m;&SI d “aqG;aEG;aeonf”[k ppftm%m&Sirf sm;uajymqdjk cif;
onf zDvmuef‹vef‹ jzpfaea=umif;/ “aqG;aEG;aeonf” qdo k nfrmS vnf; 6-9-98 &ufae@rS ,ae@
wdik f r+yD;Edik bf jJ zpfaea=umif;/ rw&m;yk'rf wyfjcif; tp&So d nfwkd u h kd jyif;xefpmG ±_wcf svu kd of nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1362 ckEpS f / 0gacgifvjynfh ?
2000 jynfEh pS /f -o*kwvf (14)&uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

350
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 17 (8§00)

w&m;0if &yfwnfaeaom trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfuukd , dk pf m;ðy+yD; 1990 jynfEh pS f

ygwpD 'Hk rD u
dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f jynfov l x
l uk vGwv f w G v f yfvyf a&G;aumufwif
ajrm‡ ufay;vku d of nfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onfvnf; w&m;0ifae=uonf? ‚if;jyif
ppftm%m&Siw f @dk . a=unmcsurf sm;t& ydI k yif w&m;0ifonfh ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uonf?
xk@d o@kd w&m;0ifaeonhf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af wmf}u;D rsm;udk jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;
vS,af wmf}uD;rsm;.trsm;pkt& axmufccH sujf zifo h m jynfoŒl v$waf wmfOuUÏ }uD;uom E_wf
xGu/f xkwyf ,fEikd o f nft
h m%m&So d nf? tjcm;rnfou l r# E_wx f u G af pjcif;/ xkwyf ,fEidk jf cif;
rðyvkyEf idk af y?

‚if;*k%o f a&&Sd yk*Kd~ vf}uD;rsm;xJwiG f &Sr;f jynfe,fawmifyikd ;f &yfapmufrq J ENe,frS jynf

olvx l uk 'Drudk a&pDonf jynfov l xl x
k rH q
S if;oufonf[al om 'Dru kd a&pDusiphf Oft& wcJeuf
qENraJ y;vkud +f yD; a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;vku d o f nfh a'guw f mvS&edS vf nf; wOD;yg0ifayonf?
&yfapmufòrŒd e,fwiG f ppfwyfrS avhusiahf &;wyftoD;oD; tajrmuftjrm; pcef;csxm;onfh
Axl;wyfòrdŒyg0ifonf? ‚if;pcef;rS wyfr;ª }uD;§i,f trdsK;rsKd ;uvnf;aumif;/ Ekid if aH &;udprP sm;ESifh
rnfodk@r# roufqkdifonfh ppftm%m&Sifwkd@. tcdkif;tapvufyg;aprsm;jzpf=uaom }uH›§zGHŒ
0ifrsm;uvnf;aumif;/ a'guw f mvS&edS t
f m; w&m;0ifjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS
twif;t"rR/ Oya'rJh E_wx f u G af p&ef enf;trdsK;rsKd ;jzifh zdtm;ay;aeonf[=k um;od&onf? Tod@k
zdtm;ray;rD aiGa=u;jzihv f nf;aumif;/ tjcm;tcGit hf a&;rsm;ESivfh nf;aumif; jrLqG,I f E_wxf uG f
ap&ef jzm;a,mifco hJ nf[k =um;od&onf?

351
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

a'guw f mvS&edS o
f nf w&m;0if jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, fkd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS E_wx f u
G rf ay;bJ
}uH}› uHc› idk cf idk af eygv#if rw&m;,kwrf modrzf sO;f aomenf;vrf;rsm;jzpfonfh rl;,pfaq;0g;rsm;/ cspJ m
&Gurf sm;tp&So d nfh &mZ0wfjypfrr_ uif;aomypPn;f rsm;udk wdww f qdwf (od@k r[kw)f ajymifajymif
wif;wif; ypfoiG ;f jcif;rsm;ukd ppftm%m&Sirf sm;uðyvkyI f a'guw f mvS&edS t
f m; jypfra_ jrmufatmif
tuGuq f ifp&mta=umif;&Sad eonfa=umifh xko d @kd vk;H 0rðyvky&f ef av;eufpmG óuw d ifowday;vku d f
onf?

&yfapmufòrŒd e,f pnf;±k;H a&;tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;udk wyfe,fr;ª u npfywfpmG qJa&;wkid ;f xGm;+y;D rw

&m;ajcmufveS @f zt
d m;ay;onfa=umifh a=umuf&ŒHG I tzGŒJ csKyf tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tjzpfrS E_wx f u
G vf u dk &f
a=umif;=um;od&onf?

ppftm%m&Sirf sm;. txufygvyk &f yfrsm;udk jyif;xefpmG ±_wcf svu

dk o
f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1362 ckEpS /f 0gacgifvqkwf (4) &uf?
2000 jynfEh pS /f -o*kwv
f (18) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹csd onf?)

352
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

1990 jynfhESpfygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvkdufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonhfaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 18 (9§00)

,ae@ 16-9-2000 jynfah e@onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,

kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDzŒJG pnf;cJo
h nfrmS
(2) ESpw
f if;wif; jynfah jrmufonfah e@ jzpfonf?

jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumfrwDukd rvGrJ aoGzŒJG pnf;&onft h a=umif;rsm;rSm -

(1) 1990 jynfEh pS f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufy. JG &v'frsm; xif&mS ;ay:vGiaf e+yD;jzpf
aomfvnf; Oya't& jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfay:ayguv f m&rnfjzpfonf? od@k aomf
ppftm%m&Sirf sm;u ,if;wk@d xw k jf yefxm;aom Oya'jyÏmef;csurf sm;udk odumQ rJph mG
azmufzsuI f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfuakd c:,lay;&efysuu f u G jf cif;?
(2) jynfov l xl w k &yfv;Hk u rdrEd idk if wH iG f 'Drd u
kd a&pDEiS hf vlŒtcGit hf a&;rsm;ay:ayguaf p&ef
tmomjyif;jyif;vkt d yfaeonfrsm;udk jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfay:ayguv f mrSom
v#if xkwaf z:ay;Ekid rf nfjzpfjcif;?
(3) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;toD;oD;u a&G;aumufyJG rusi;f yrD jynfov l l
xktm;ay;cJo h nfh uwdu0wfrsm;udjk znfq h nf;ay;&ef jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfay:
ayguv f mrSomv#if ðyvkyaf qmif&u G Ef idk rf nfjzpfjcif;?
(4) wkid ;f jynfwiG f wae@xufwae@ usqif;ysupf ;D ,d, k iG ;f aeonfh Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/
vlra_ &;/ ynma&;/ use;f rm;a&;/ tp&Sad om jy\emtrsKd ;pku H akd jz&Si;f &ef jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfw&yf rvGrJ aoGay:aygu&f efvadk ejcif;?
(5) wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nDnw G af &;ukd wkid ;f jynfwiG f rvGrJ aoG jyefvnfwnfaqmuf&ef
vkdtyfaejcif;/ wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfr_r&Sdygv#if rnfonfhenf;ESifhr# jynf
axmifpjk refrmEkid if aH wmfonf wnfwchH idk +f rJjcif;&SEd idk rf nfr[kwjf cif;? pnf;vk;H nD!w G f
r_ukd jynfoŒl v$waf wmfwpf&yfay:ayguv f mrSom wnfaqmufEikd rf nfjzpfjcif;?
(6) wkid ;f jynf.tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrw S qifh ckid jf rJatmif aqmif
&Gu&f efvt dk yfjcif;?

jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf}u;D urBmwnfoa&GΠwnfwchH idk +f raJ p&ef wkid ;f &if;om;aoG;pnf;
nD!w G rf w
_ nfaqmufa&;twGuf txl;vkt d yfonfa=umifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD
udk atmufygwidk ;f &if;om;Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf zGŒJ pnf;cJo
h nf?
(1) &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf- (jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,f 23 OD; a&G;
353
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onf//)
(2) &ckid 'f rD u
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf - (jynfo@l vw$ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f 11 OD; a&G;
aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onf//)
(3) rGet
f rsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ - (jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f 5 OD; a&G;
aumufwifajr‡mufjf cif;cH&onf//)
(4) Zdrk t
D rsKd ;om;uGe*f &uf -(jynfo@l vw$ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f 2 OD; a&G;
aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onf//)

xk@d a=umifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDonf jynfov l xl u

k rdr.
d vGwv f yfaom
qENt& tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfov l x l rk q
S if;oufonf[o l nft& jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,
k pf m;vS,f pkpak ygi;f (433) OD;rsm;udk tajccHI zGŒJ pnf;xm;onfh aumfrwDjzpfonf? rJqENe,f
(485) &So
d nfa=umifh &mckid Ef e_ ;f tm;jzifh (89) ausmcf ef@&odS nf? tqkyd gjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;
vS,fawmfrsm;u jynfolŒv$wfawmfw&yf tv#iftjrefay:ayguf&rnfudk rnfr#tav;xm;
a=umif;xif&mS ;aponf?

jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDuzkd ŒJG pnf;+yD; oufqidk &f mv$waf wmfupd &P yfrsm;udk
yDyjD yifjyifaqmif&uG Ef ikd &f eftwGuf atmufygvw $ af wmfa&;&maumfrwDrsm;udk jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
w&yfay:ayguv f monfah e@txdzŒJG pnf;cJo h nf?
(1) wkid ;f &if;om;a&;&maumfrwD
(2) b¾m§pD;yGm;§ukeo f ,G af &;&maumfrwD
(3) Oya'a&;&maumfrwD
(4) ynma&;&maumfrwD
(5) use;f rma&;/ vlra_ &;&maumfrwD
(6) Ekid if wH umqufqaH &;aumfrwD
(7) awmifov l ,form;a&;&maumfrwD
(8) tvkyo f rm;a&;&maumfrwD
(9) v$waf wmfa&;&maumfrwD
(10) umuG,af &;&maumfrwD

jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if }H u;D wnfwchH ikd +f r&J ef wdik ;f &if;om;aoG;pnf;+y;D pnf;vk;H nD!w G rf w_ nf
aqmuf&ef txl;wvnfvt dk yfonfa=umifh wkid ;f &if;om;ud, k pf m;vS,w
f OD;jzpf+y;D &cdik 'f rD ukd a&pDzŒJG
csKyf.twGi;f a&;rª;ESihf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDtwGi;f a&;rª;jzpfol OD;at;omatmif
u wdik ;f &if;om;a&;&maumfrwD.OuUÏtjzpfvnf;aumif;/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf taxG
axGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu twGi;f a&;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif; wm0ef,cl o hJ nf?

jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,

kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD. (2) ESpt
f wGi;f aqmif&u
G rf r_ sm;teuf rdrw
d ikd ;f jynf
354
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

twGut f xl;vdt k yfonfh wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!w

G rf w _ nfaqmufa&;aqmif&u G cf suw f iG f xif
&Sm;pGmatmifjrifr&_ &Scd o
hJ nf? ucsi/f u,m;/ u&if/ csi;f / rGe/f Arm/ &cdik /f &Sr;f tp&Sad om wdik ;f &if;om;
rsm;tcsi;f csi;f ,k=H unfr&_ v
dS m=uonf?

Tod@k aomatmifjrifr&_ v'frsm; ay:xGe;f vmonfukd ppftm%m&Sirf sm;u remvk/d r±_prd hf

I OD;at;omatmiftm; rw&m;zrf;qD;csKyaf ESmif+y;D axmif'%f (21) ESpf csrw S cf o
hJ nf? ppftm%m
&Sirf sm;u wzufowf rw&m;Oya'rJv h yk af qmifcjhJ cif;jzpfayonf? vuf&t dS m%mudk rw&m;t
vGet f u|t
H ok;H ðyvku
d jf cif;jzpfonf? OD;at;omatmif.ae&mwGif trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unf qufvufaqmif&u G of mG ;rnfjzpfa=umif; a=unm
vkud o f nf?

jynfovl x l uk vGwv f yfIw&m;r#wpGmjzifh rdro d abmqENt& a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf

vku
d o f nfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfwiG f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;u wkid ;f jynf. Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;
a&;/ vlra_ &;/ ynma&;/ use;f rma&; tp&So d nfrsm;udk v$waf wmfay:ayguv f mjcif;r&So d jzifh ES;D aESm
aqG;aEG;I udik w f , G jf cif;rðyEdik o
f nfa=umifh tqkyd gu¾rsm;.tajctaeonf wae@wjcm; csKd Œ
,Gi;f qk;d 0g;vm+yD;jzpfonf?

tqkyd gtajctaeqk;d rsm;&yfwo hH mG ;ap&efrmS jynfov l x

l uk jynfov l x l t k wGuf a&G;
aumufwifajr‡mufay;vku d o
f nfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifzh ŒJG pnf;xm;onfh 'Dru kd
a&pDtpd;k &w&yf ay:ayguv
f map&efjzpfonf? wkid ;f jynftwGuf txl;t"duusonfh vkt d yfcsujf zpf
ayonf? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:ayguv f mjcif;r&Sad o;or#umvywfv;Hk vuf&w dS idk ;f jynf. taxG
axGtusyt f wnf;rsm;udk ukpm;Ir&Edik af y?

,ae@tajctaewGif 'Dru kd a&pD tpd;k &rqkx d m;bd jynfov l x l w k &yfv;Hk vkv d m;awmifw h
ar#mv
f ifx
h m;onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfyif a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y+y;D pD;I (10) ESpaf usmv f m+y;D jzpf
aomfvnf; ay:ayguv f mjcif;r&Sad y? ay:ayguv f mjcif;r&Sbd J jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;
onf tm%mydik rf sm;.vkyaf qmifcsuaf =umifh atmufygtcuftcJrsm;ESi&hf ifqidk af e=u&onf?
(1) tcsKd ŒrSm rw&m; axmif'%fuscaH e&jcif;?
(2) tcsKd ŒrSm rw&m; twif;t"rR Oya'rJh xde;f odr;f cHae&jcif;?
(3) tcsKd Œudk +cdr;f ajcmufI rw&m; Ekwx f u
G af pjcif;?

‚if;*k%o f u d mQ &Sd jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, fkd pf m;vS,rf sm;/ OD;at;omatmifw@kd EiS hf tusO;f uscaH e
&aom Ekid if aH &;tusO;f orm;tm;vk;H wk@d ukd c|i;f csurf &Sd tjrefq;Hk jyefvnfvw
G af y;&ef jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDu ppftm%m&Sirf sm;tm; av;av;eufeuf awmif;qkv d u dk af =umif;/
‚if;jyif zrf;qD;/ csKyfaESmif/ E_wxf u
G af pjcif;vkyif ef;&yfrsm;udk taqmwv#if csucf si;f &yfqidk ;f &ef
355
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

xyfrI
H av;eufpmG wku
d w
f eG ;f awmif;qkv
d u
dk o
f nf?

rnfo@dk yifjzpfap urBmoh rdik ;f a&pD;a=umif;t& jynfov l x

l w
k &yfv;Hk . axmufct H m;ay;r_/
'Dru
dk a&pDvv
dk m;onfh urBmEh ikd if rH sm;.ulnrD r_ sm;jzifh 'Dru
kd a&pDtpd;k &w&yf rvGrJ aoGay:ayguvf m
ap&rnf?

‚if;jyif jynfolŒv$wfawmfw&yfay:aygufjcif;r&Sdor#umvywfvkH; jynfolŒv$wfawmf

ud,
k pf m;ðyaumfrwDonf &yfwnfaernfjzpfa=umif; xyfraH =unmvku d o
f nf?

1990 jynfEh pS f a&G;aumufy&JG v'fEiS t

hf nD jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfukd tjrefq;Hk zGŒJ pnf;ay;
&ef av;av;eufeufawmif;qkv d u
dk o f nf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1362 ckEpS /f awmfovif;vjynfah usmf (4) &uf?
2000 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (16) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom

356
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 19 (9§00)

16/ 9/ 2000 jynfEh pS &f ufaeŒu usi;f yaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD. (2)
ESpjf ynfah jrmufonfah eŒtpnf;ta0;wGif csrw
S cf o
hJ nfh qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;?

1? rw&m;ojzifh txfe;f todr;f cHae&aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,

kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESiw
fh uG
Ekid if aH &; (tusO;f ) orm;rsm; tm;vk;H tm; tjrefq;Hk v$waf y;&ef?

2? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,

kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDEiS hf aumfrwDtzGŒJ cGrJ sm;u qufvufI v$waf wmf
w&yf ay:ayguv
f monftxd wm0efxrf;aqmifomG ;&ef?

3? tem*wf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if H wnfwchH idk +f rJw;dk wufa&;udak &S;±_I Ekid if o

H /l Edik if o
H m;
rsm;axmufc+H yD; urBmuav;pm;Ekid rf nfh Ekid if aH wmftajccHOya'rl=urf;w&yfukd OuUÏ OD;atmif
a&$EiS hf wkid ;f &if;om;a&;&maumfrwDwm0efcH a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@dk u a&;qG&J ef?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1361 ckEpS /f awmfovif;vjynfah usmf (6) &uf?
2000 jynfEh pS /f pufwifbmv (18) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

357
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 1 (9§02)

jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD (4) ESpaf jrmuftxdr;f trSwaf e@ukd trsKd ;om;'Dru dk
a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (A[d)k Y 16-9-2002 &ufae@wiG f usi;f ycJo h nf? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfr
wD.twGi;f a&;rª; OD;at;omatmifu, kd w
f ikd w
f ufa&mufvmojzifh tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;u 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;
omóuqd =dk uonf? OD;at;omatmiftm; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD. twGi;f a&;rª;
wm0efrsm;udk jyefvnfvt J$ yfay;vku d o
f nf? OD;at;omatmifuvnf; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omvufc+H y;D
qufvufóu;d yrf;aqmif&u G o
f mG ;rnfjzpfonf? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDtaejzifh 'Drkd
ua&pD&&So d nftxd rav#mah omvk;H vjzifh qufvufaqmif&u G o f mG ;rnfjzpf a=umif;a=unmtyf
ayonf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

&efuek òf rŒd
1364 ckEpS /f awmfovif;vqef; (10) &uf?
2002 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (16) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zefŒcso
d nf?)

358
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

a-unmcsuftrSwf 1 (10§02)

23-10-02 &ufae@wiG f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD.tpnf;ta0;usi;f y&m

atmufygq;kH jzwfcsurf sm;udck srw S v f ukd o f nf?
(1) OD;at;omatmiftm; jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD. twGi;f a&;rS;ª wm0efukd
qufvufay;tyfa=umif;qH;k jzwfonf?
(2) (u) OD;at;omatmifonf &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDwiG f yg0ifaqmif&u G rf nf?
(c) OD;Edik x
f eG ;f ode;f onf rGet f rsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ . ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDwiG f yg0ifaqmif&u G rf nf?
(*) OD;cGex f eG ;f OD; onf &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDwiG f yg0ifaqmif&u G rf nf?
(C) OD;ylusi&hf iS ;f xefonf Zdrk ;D trsKd ;om;uGe*f &uf. ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDwiG f yg0ifaqmif&u G rf nf?

(3) a'guwf mOD;apmjratmifonf vsmxm;jcif;cH&aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmf OuUÏ tjzpf

jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDwiG f yg0ifaqmif&u
G rf nf?

(4) (u) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDwiG f tzGŒJ 0ifopfrsm;wd;k csŒJ vufc&H efq;kH jzwf
onf?
(c) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDwiG f tjcm;tzGŒJ 0ifopfrsm;0ifa&mufEikd &f ef
twGuf vdktyfcsufrsm;udka&;qGJ&ef OD;at;omatmiftm; wm0efay;tyf
a=umif;qH;k jzwfonf?

(5) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD. a&;&maumfrwDrsm;udk jyefvnfo;kH oyf&ef

qH;k jzwfonf?
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1364 ckEpS /f oDwif;u|wfvjynfah usmf (2) &uf?
2002 ckEpS /f atmufwb dk mv (23) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)
1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
359
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD).

a-unmcsuftrSwf 2 (10§02)

30-10-02 &uf a e@wG i f usif ; yaom

jynf o l @ v$ w f a wmf u d k , f p m;ðyaumf r wD . tpnf ; ta0;u atmuf y g
qH k ; jzwf c suf r sm;ud k csrS w f v d k u f o nf ?

(1) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDwiG f wjcm;tzGŒJ 0ifopfrsm;0ifa&mufEikd af &;twGuf

OD;at;omatmifa&;om;wifjyonfh &nf&, G cf su/f pnf;rsO;f rsm;ESiyhf wfoufI tao;pdwaf qG;
aEG;=uum jznfph u
G jf cif;/ jyifqifjcif;rsm;jzift
h wnfðyonf?

(2) tzGŒJ 0ifopfrsm;vufcaH &;twGuf (3) v tcsed af y;&ef?

(3) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&;&maumfrwDrsm;udk jyifqifzŒJG pnf;&ef tzGŒJ 0ifopfrsm;vufc+H yD;aemufrS

xyfro H ;kH oyfq;kH jzwf&ef?

(4) jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwD. ajyma&;qdck iG &hf o

dS rl sm;tjzpf aumfrwDOuUÏ OD;atmif
a&$EiS hf twGi;f a&;rª; OD;at;omatmifw@kd tm; wm0efay;tyf&ef?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1364 ckEpS /f oDwif;u|wfvjynfah usmf (10) &uf?
2002 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv (31) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,l jzef‹cso
d nf?)

360
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom
jynfolŒv$wfawmfudkudk,fpm;ðyonfhaumfrwD
(jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD) .

“ (56) ESpfajrmuf jynfaxmifpkae‹ a-unmpmwrf; ”

Tae@T&ufonf (56) ESpaf jrmuf jynfaxmifpak e@jzpfayonf? azaz:0g&v D (12) &ufae@o@kd

a&mufwikd ;f jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f Edik if aH wmftpd;k &taejzifv
h nf;aumif;/ Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;/ tzGŒJ tpnf;
rsm;taejzifv h nf;aumif; jynfaxmifpak e@[I l txdr;f trSwt f crf;tem;rsm;usi;f yavh&adS y
onf? jynfaxmifpak e@ukd rnfo@kd yif wcrf;wem;*k%ðf ycs;D usL;ae=uaomfvnf; ,ae@umvY
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif jynfaxmifpkzGJŒpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'w&yfudk zsufodrf;cHcJh&jcif;ESifhtwl
jynfe,frsm;ESihf aygi;f pyfzŒJG pnf;xm;onfh jynfaxmifp. k toGio f ¾mefEiS hf tESpo f m&ygaysmuf
uG,cf &hJ onf? xd@k twl jynfaxmifppk w d "f mwf wenf;tm;jzifh yifvpkH w d "f mwfonfvnf; arS;rSed f
aysmufu, G vf ek ;D yg; tajctaeY&Sad eayonf?

vly*k Kd~ vftcsKd Œuvnf; yifvo kH abmwlncD suEf iS hf yifvt

kH ajccHrrl sm;ud/k wrsKd ;wrnf t"dyg` ,of uf
a&mufap&ef &nf&, G cf sujf zifh ajymqdak &;om;ae=uonft h jyif wcsKd Œuvnf; yifvo kH abmwlnD
csuEf iS hf yifvt kH ajccHrrl sm;udk ypfy,faoGznfvo kd nfh oabmxm;jzifh xkpd Ofu trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;
nD!w G af &;udw k nfaqmufc=hJ uaom acgi;f aqmif}u;D rsm;udyk if/ oG,0f u kd af omenf;jzifh tjypfwif
ajymqdrk r_ sm;&Sad eayonf?

xd@k a=umifh ,ae@umvonf trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD;Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ESiwhf uG/ wdik ;f &if;om;
acgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm; tajrmftjrif}uD;rm;pGmjzifch srw S cf ahJ om wdik ;f &if;om; pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;rl/
wenf;tm;jzifh vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHak oG;pnf;a&;udt
k ajccHonfh jynfaxmifppk w d "f gw. f rl&if;tESpo f m
&ESifh oabmw&m;rsm;udk &J&0J if0h ifah z:xkwpf uJG ikd +f yD;/ jynfaxmifprk w l &yfukd csrwS tf aumift
xnf az:a&;rSm trsKd ;om;a&;wm0efw&yfjzpfonf?

jynfaxmifp[ k o
l nf jynfe,frsm;udk aygi;f pyfzŒJG pnf;jcif;/ ,if;jynfe,f§wdik ;f rsm;&Sd jynforl sm;.
qENEiS hf arG;&mygtcGit hf a&;rsm;udak v;pm;vdu k ef mjcif;/ 'Drukd a&pDtcGit
hf a&;rsm;&Sjd cif;/ vGwf
vyfjcif;/ wef;wljcif;/ at;twlyt l r# qd;k wlaumif;zuf nDr#aomtcGit hf a&;rsm;udk cHpm;cGi&hf jdS cif;
yifjzpfonf?

jrefrmEdik if .
H twdwo f rdik ;f wGif ucsi/f u,m;/ u&if/ csi;f / rGe/f Arm/ &cdik /f &Sr;f ESit hf jcm;aom
wdik ;f &if;om;aygi;f pHw
k @kd onf ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfa&;udk xlaxmifv#uf aexdik cf =hJ uonf// +Aw d o
d #e,fcsŒJ
vufatmufo@kd usa&mufomG ;onfw h ikd f Armrsm; aexdik &f ma'o/ &cdik af 'o/ rGeaf 'orsm;udk
Armjynfr[lIvnf;aumif;/ tjcm; &Sr;f / ucsi/f u&if/ u&ifeD a'orsm;udk awmifwef;a'orsm;
361
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
[lI cGjJ cm;tkycf sKyfcahJ yonf? vGwv
f yfa&;tóuu d mvod@k a&mufaomtcg jrefrmjynfrESihf awmif
wef;a'orsm;aygi;f pnf;a&;onf jrefrmhEikd if aH &;. t"duaomhcsujf y\emw&yfjzpfcahJ yonf?

xdtk csed wf iG f trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD;Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;onf/

&Sr;f jynfawmifyikd ;f yifvòkH rdŒwGif nDvmcHw&yfac:,l awGŒqHak qG;aEG;um jrefrmEdik if u H kd jynfrESihf
awmifwef;a'orsm;tm; jynfaxmifpkrljzifhaygif;pnf;&ef aqG;aEG;!SdEd_if;oabmwlnDcJh=u+yD;/
yifvo kH abmwlpmcsKyfukd vufrw S af &;xd;k cJ=h uayonf? xdak e@onfum; (1947) ckEpS af zaz:0g&v D
(12)&ufae@ jzpfayonf? wdik ;f &if;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;twGuf jynfaxmifprk w l &yfukd tcdik f
trm tkwjf rpfcsEikd cf ahJ omae@vnf;jzpfayonf? jynfaxmifppk w d "f gwaf rG;zGm;&mae@jzpfonft h jyif
vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHak exdik af om Edik if w
H Edik if EH iS hf qDav#mo f nfh trsKd ;om;a&;0g'ESihf jynfaxmifppk w d "f gwu f kd
aygi;f pyf+yD; vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHpk nf;vk;H nD!w G af &;qdik &f moabmxm;w&yfukd csrw S Ef ikd cf jhJ cif;vnf;jzpf
ayonf?

tqdyk g jynfaxmifppk w d "f gw[f o

l nf yifvw kH iG v
f ufrw
S af &;xd;k cJ=h uaom pmcsKyfygtcsut f vuf
tjyif yifvn kH v D mcH}u;D Y aqG;aEG;wifjycsurf sm;/ tjyeftvSeo f abmwlncD surf sm;/ tjyeftvSef
ay;cJo
h nfh uwdu0wfrsm;yg tusKH ;0ifv#u&f adS yonf? trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD; Adv k cf sKyfatmif
qef;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;onf tajrmftjrif}u;D rm;pGmjzifh wdik ;f jynf.cufceJ ufeaJ om
jy\em&yfrsm;/ uGjJ ym;jcm;em;aom vlrsKd ;toD;oD;wd@k . tvdq k ENEiS ahf r#mrf eS ;f csurf sm;udk awGŒqHk
aqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh ,H=k unfrw _ nfaqmufEikd cf =hJ uonfeh nf;wl vufawGŒtm;jzifv h nf; jynfaxmifpzk @JG
pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'w&yfuakd &;qGjJ yÏmef;um wdik ;f &if;om;jy\emtm; ajz&Si;f +yD; trsKd ;
om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;udw k nfaqmufEikd cf ahJ yonf?

wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;jy\emonf jrefrmEdik if w H iG o

f mru urBmEh ikd if rH sm;pGmwd@k . Edik if aH &;&mudp&P yf
rsm;wGif toGit f rsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh yg0ifywfoufjzpfymG ;v#u&f adS yonf? tb,fa=umifq h ykd grl wdik ;f &if;
om;vlrsKd ;rsm;jy\emonf rwlnaD omvlrsKd ;a&;/ bmoma&;/ ,Ofaus;r_ "avhx;kH pHrsm;/ uGjJ ym;
jcm;em;onft h ajccHrsm;tjyif ya'o&mZfacwfrpS cJo h nfh taxGaxGe,fcsŒJ pepf. trsKd ;om;a&;
qdik &f mjy\emrsm;ESihf wpHw k &mqufpyfaejcif;a=umifjh zpfayonf?

urBmEh ikd if t H rsm;pkonf vlrsKd ;rsm;pGmjzifah ygi;f pyfz@JG pnf;xm;=ujcif;jzpf&m xdo k @kd aygi;f pyfaexdik f
=uaomvlrsKd ;toD;oD;wd@k onf ,ae@acwfordik ;f wGif wlnaD omvlaer_b0ESihf wlnaD omvlrsKd ;pk
. tzGŒJ 0iftjzpfaevdjk cif;/ rdrw d @kd . ,Ofaus;r_/ bmompum;/ "avhx;kH pHrsm;udk xde;f odr;f vd=k ujcif;/
Edik if w
H Edik if tH wGi;f Y t"duusaomvlrsKd ;u tjcm;vlrsKd ;rsm;ESihf vlrsKd ;pkrsm;udk v$r;f rd;k cs,v f , S f
tkycf sKyfonft h jyif cGjJ cm;qufqjH cif;a=umifh tjcm;vlrsKd ;rsm;ESifh vlrsKd ;pkrsm;. tusKd ;pD;yGm;rsm;
qH;k ±_;H epfemr_jzpfapjcif;/ a&S;a[mif; ya'o&mZftifyg,mEdik if rH sm;udt k pm;xd;k I ay:ayguv f m
=uaomEdik if rH sm;onfvnf; t"duvlrsKd ;pku tjcm;aomvlrsKd ;pkrsm;udk v$r;f rd;k tkycf sKy=f ujcif; ponfh
tajccHta=umif;rsm;a=umif/h wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkjy\emonf urBmEh ikd if t H oD;oD;wd@k . Edik if aH &;
362
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
&mudprP sm;wGif toGit f rsKd ;rsKd ;jzif/h jzpfymG ;ay:ayguv
f #u&f adS yonf? od@k jzpfI wdik ;f &if;om;jy\em
udak jz&Si;f =u&mwGif TtajccHrsm;udo k ;kH oyfI "rR"Ïd mefusus ajz&Si;f &efvt kd yfayonf?

jrefrmEdik if . H vlrsKd ;pkjy\emudk ajz&Si;f &ef csO;f uyfavhvmonft h cgwiG vf nf; vGwv f yfa&;&+yD;
onfah emuf ESpaf ygi;f (50) ausmf pGu J yfvmcJah om qENp/JG vlrsKd ;pGrJ sm; uif;&Si;f &rnft
h jyif ordik ;f qdik f
&mtawGŒtóuHrsm;ESihf Edik if w H umwGijf zpfay:ajymif;vJaeaom trsKd ;om;a&;jy\emrsm;udyk g
aygi;f pyfòciH o kH ;kH oyfI vufawGŒusus/ "rR"Ïd mefusus ajz&Si;f &efvt kd yfayonf? od@k jzpfI jrefrmEdik if H
wGif vGwv f yfa&;&+y;D aemuf ay:aygucf ahJ om/ ay:ayguq f jJ zpfaom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; jy\em
ud±k j_ rifo;kH oyf&mwGif wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd t f zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf typftcwf &yfpx J m;onfq±kd kH
r#jzifh jy\emt&yf&yfonf ajyvnfroGm;Edik af y? qufvufI Edik if aH &;t& awGŒqHak qG;aEG;ajz&Si;f
&efvt kd yfayonf?

‚if;jyif wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd t f zGŒJ tpnf;tcsKd ŒESihf vufeufuikd yf ÉdyuQrsm; qufvufjzpfymG ;

v#u&f adS eonfuv kd nf; vufct H odtrSwðf y&ayrnf? Tjy\em&yfrsm;udak jz&Si;f &rnfh wckwnf;
aomenf;vrf;rSmvnf; “awGŒqHak qG;aEG;a&;” enf;vrf;omjzpf+y;D ajz&Si;f &rnft h ajccHrrl mS wdik ;f &if;
om;vlrsKd ;toD;oD;wd@k . arG;&mygtajccHtcGit hf a&;rsm;udk todtrSwðf y+y;D 'Dru kd a&pDjynfaxmif
pkppfppfrjl zifh jrefrmEdik if u
H kd zGŒJ pnf;wnfaxmifjcif;yifjzpfonf?

jrefrmEdik if o H nf vGwv f yfa&;&+yD; (1947) ckEpS f jynfaxmifpzk ŒJG pnf;tkycf sKyfykH tajccHOya't&
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if [ H Il zGŒJ pnf;Edik cf ahJ omfvnf; xdzk ŒJG pnf;tkycf sKyfykH tajccHOya'onf Arm/
rGe/f &cdik af 'o[k zGŒJ pnf;r_r&Scd jhJ cif;/ jynfe,frsm;od@k ay;xm;aom vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;enf;yg;jcif;/ Arm
trsm;pkaexdik &f ma'oudk jynfrtoGijf zifh jynfaxmifpt k m%mud&k ,lItkycf sKyfjcif;/ b¾ma&;cGJ
a0r_rr#wjcif; ponfh tm;enf;csurf sm;a=umifh (1948) ckEpS af emuf ESpaf ygi;f (10) ESpaf usm=f um
vmonft h cg tkycf sKyfa&;/ b¾ma&; t=uyftwnf;rsm;jzifóh uHawGŒcJ&h onf?

xd@k a=umifh jynfaxmifpt k wGi;f Y jynfe,frsm;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. rauseyfrr_ sm;jzpfay:cJ+h y;D
zGŒJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt
kH ajccHOya'qdik &f mt=uyftwnf;udjk zpfay:apcJo h nf? wcsed w f nf;wGif Edik if aH wmf
. zGŒJ pnf;tkycf sKyfytkH ajccHOya'qdik &f m jyifqif&efta=umif;rsm;wdu k qf ikd v
f maomtcg &Sr;f jynf
e,fuvnf; wdik ;f &if;om;aygi;f pHu k zkd w
d af c:I awmif}u;D òrŒd Y nDvmcHw&yfusi;f ycJo h nf? xdn k v D m
cHY zGJŒpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkqdkif&m t=uyftwnf;rsm;udkwifjyI zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'udkjyifqif+yD;
jynfaxmifppk pfppfrl (zuf'&,fr)l udk aqG;aEG;n‡Ed id_ ;f v#uf ygvrD efo@kd wifoiG ;f &ef qH;k jzwfc=hJ uay
onf? tqdyk grrl mS cGx J u
G af &;rlv;kH 0r[kwaf y? zGŒJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt
kH ajccHOya'. tm;enf;csurf sm;udk
jyifqif+yD; jynfaxmifppk pfppfrw l &yfukd wifjyjcif;omjzpfayonf?

od@k &mwGif wyfrawmfacgi;f aqmiftcsKd Œonf xdzk uf'&,frEl iS yhf wfoufI atmufygtcsurf sm;udk
ta=umif;jy+yD; (1962) ckEpS w
f iG f Edik if aH wmf.tm%mudo
k rd ;f ,lcahJ yonf? xdu
k o
hJ @kd tm%modr;f
363
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
,l&mwGivf nf; tm%modr;f acgi;f aqmifrsm;u “zuf'&,fro l nf cGx J uG af &;rljzpfonf” “wdik ;f
&if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;onf jynfe,frsm;cGx J u G &f ef}uHpnfaeojzifh jynfaxmifprk òyduaJG tmif/ wyfr
awmfrS tm%modr;f ,lc&hJ jcif;jzpfonf”[lI ta=umif;jycJ=h uayonf? trSepf ifppfrmS zuf'&,frl
onf jynfaxmifprk w l &yfomjzpf+yD; cGx J u G af &;rlr[kwaf y? xd@k tjyif wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;taejzifh
jynfe,fcxJG u
G &f ef&nf&,
G cf surf sm;/ vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;vnf;ryg&cdS ahJ y?

xdo
k @kd tm%modr;f cJo h nfh (1962) ckEpS rf pS I/ jrefrmEdik if .
H jynfaxmifpk zGŒJ pnf;tkycf sKyfytkH ajccH
Oya'aysmufu, G cf &hJ ovdk jynfaxmifppk w d "f mwf od@k r[kwf yifvpkH wd "f mwfonfvnf; wpwp
arS;rSed cf &hJ onfrmS aysmufu, G v
f ek ;D yg;jzpfc&hJ ayonf? arS;rSed &f efvnf; enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;udt
k oH;k ðycJ=h u
ayonf?

TuJo h @kd aomtajctaewGif u|Eykf w f @kd onf trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD;Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf
wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;csrw S cf ahJ om jynfaxmifprk . l rl&if;t"dyg` ,Ef iS hf tESpo f m&udk oabm
aygu&f efvt kd yfayonf? od@k a=umifh Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;u zqyv y%mrjyifqifrn _ v
D mcHwiG f
Tod@k red @=f um;cJo h nf?
“æu|eaf wmfw@kd oabmwlncD suaf wG pmcsKyftrsKd ;rsKd ;csKyfwt hJ cgwek ;f u awmifwef;a'o
ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf u|eaf wmfw@kd csKyq f ckd w
hJ hJ pmcsKytf &qdvk @kd &&dS ifjzpfap/ aemuf+y;D awmh awmifwef;
a'oqdik &f m pHpk rf;a&;tzG@J tpD&ifcpH mrSaxmufccH surf sm;udk u|eaf wmfw@kd vufccH o hJ nfth wdik ;f
jzpfap/ tJovdk vufcx H m;cJo
h nfh pmoabmwGio f mruyJ “Not Only the Letter of Agree-
ment ” onf pmoabmudk u|eaf wmfw@kd oabmwlnv D ufccH w hJ mwGirf uyJ u|eaf wmfw@kd tzGrJ mS
k @kd &&dS if “ The Spirit of Agreement” oabmwlnv
qdv D mcJw h hJ wu,ft h &if;cHoabmw&m;udk
vufc+H yD;awmh onftwdik ;f yJ onfwikd ;f ðyjynfðyv$waf wmfrmS em;vnfapcsiyf gw,f?æ”

xd@k a=umifh jynfaxmifppk w d "f gw[

f o
l nf yifvpkH mcsKyfwiG af zmfjyxm;aom tcsut f vufrsm;om
ru yifvn kH v
D mcHwiG f aqG;aEG;wifjycsurf sm;/ n‡Ed id_ ;f oabmwlncD surf sm;/ uwdu0wfrsm;tm;vH;k
òcHiIkH yg0ifaeayonf// Tae&mwGiyf ifvpkH mcsKyfay:ayguv f myHEk iS hf jynfaxmifpo
k abmw&m;rsm;
udk tusO;f r#azmfjy&efvt kd yfayonf//

jrefrmEdik if wH iG f ucsi/f u,m;/ u&if/ csi;f / rGe/f Arm/ &cdik /f &Sr;f tp&Sad om vlrsKd ;rsm;tjyif tjcm;
aomvlrsKd ;rsm;pGmwd@k onfvnf; a&S;ya0o%Dumvuyif twlwuGaexdik cf =hJ uayonf? xdo k @kd
aexdik cf =hJ uaom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;toD;oD;wd@k onf tcsKd ŒrSm xD;òyid /f eef;òyid f Edik if rH sm;udk xlaxmif
v#uaf exdik cf =hJ u+yD; tcsKd ŒrSm apmfbmG ;/ apmfzsm;/ apmfu/J 'l;0g;/ awmifyikd ;f / awmiftyk rf sm;jzifh
ud,k yf ikd tf yk cf sKyfv#uf vGwv
f yfpmG aexdik cf =hJ uonf?

wcsKd Œaom wefc;kd }u;D onfjh refrmrif;rsm;vufxufwiG o f m vuf&jdS refrmEdik if [

H ak c:wGiaf om e,fajr
rsm;ESihf xdx
k ufus,0f ef;aome,fajrrsm;udo k rd ;f ydu
k u
f m ya'o&mZftifyg,mudk odr;f ydu k t
f yk cf sKyf
364
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
Edik cf o hJ nfuakd wGŒ&+yD;/ useuf mvrsm;Y rGe/f Arm/ &cdik /f &Sr;f wd@k onf xD;òydi/f eef;òydif ya'o&mZf
Edik if rH sm;udx
k al xmifv#uf oD;jcm;vGwv f yfpmG tkycf sKyfaexdik cf =hJ ujyefonf? usew f ikd ;f &if;om;
vlrsKd ;rsm;rSmvnf; ud, k ehf nf;ud,
k [
hf ef/ ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyaf &;jzifh &yfwnfaexdik cf =hJ uonfukd awGŒ&ay
onf?

od@k &mwGif +Adwo d #e,fcsŒJ wd@k onf jrefrmEdik if u H kd ppf (3) }udrf wdu
k cf ukd of rd ;f ydu
k v f u
kd af omtcg/
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pke,fajrtm;vH;k onfvnf;/ e,fcsŒJ vufatmufu|eb f 0od@k twlwuG usa&muf
cJ&h ayonf? e,fcsŒJ wd@k . vufatmufY Arm/ &cdik /f rGef a'orsm;udk ArmjynfrtjzpfEiS v hf nf;aumif;
&Sr;f / csi;f / ucsi/f u&if/ u,m;ESihf tjcm;wdik ;f &if;om;a'orsm;udk awmifwef;a'orsm;tjzpf
vnf;aumif; cGjJ cm;owfrw S t f yk cf sKyfcahJ yonf? e,fcsŒJ qef@usiaf &;/ zufqpfwu kd zf suaf &;ESihf trsKd ;
om;vGwaf jrmufa&; ±ke;f uefvy_ &f mS ;wdu k yf 0JG ifonfh umvwav#mufwiG v f nf; wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pk
aygi;f pHwk @kd onf enf;rsKd ;pHjk zifh vufww JG u kd yf 0JG ifc=hJ uayonf?

xdok @kd wu
kd yf 0JG if&mwGif trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD;Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf jrefrmhEikd if aH &;acgi;f aqmif
rsm;onf 'd@k Armtpnf;t±H;k acwfucsrw S cf ahJ om “Armjynfonf wd@k jynf/ Armpmonfw@kd pm/
Armpum;onf wd@k pum;/ Armjynfuckd spyf g/ wd@k pmudk cs;D jr‡iyhf g/ wd@k pmudk av;pm;yg”[laom trsKd ;
om;a&;0g'udk aºuG;a=umfwu kd yf 0JG ifc+hJ yD; “Armhxu G &f yf*%kd ;f ” acwfo@kd a&mufaomtcgwiG v f nf;
e,fcsŒJ qef@usiaf &;/ vGwv f yfa&;/ 'Dru kd a&pDa&;/ ponfh trsKd ;om;0g'jzifyh if trsKd ;om;vGwaf jrmuf
a&;vufeufuikd w f u
kd yf u
JG qkd ifEcJ$ =hJ uayonf?

(1946)/ (1947) ckEpS rf sm;jzpfaom vGwv f yfa&;tóudumvod@k a&mufaomtcgwiG u f m; trsKd ;

om;a&;0g'onf tvSnt hf ajymif;wcko@kd a&muf&v
dS mcJah yonf? ‚if;rSm trsKd ;om;a&;0g'ESihf jynf
axmifpo k abmw&m;rsm;udak ygi;f pyfxm;onfh jynfaxmifppk w d "f mwfwnf;[laom “trsKd ;om;
rsm;aygi;f pnf;a&;0g'” (oabmw&m;) onf ay:xGe;f vmcJah yonf? xdo k @kd jzpfay:vmap&ef aph
aqmfonfh Edik if aH &;tajctaersm;vnf;&Scd ahJ yonf?

jrefrmEdik if u
H kd rjzpfrae vGwv
f yfa&;ay;&rnft h ajctaeod@k a&muf&v dS maomtcg +Adwo d #tpd;k &
onf &Sr;f jynfEiS ahf wmifwef;e,frsm;udk csex
f m;vdak omoabmxm;rsm;&Scd o hJ nf? xdo
k abmxm;
rsm;udk (1945) ckEpS /f arv (17) &ufae@wiG x f wk jf yefaom “puULjzLpmwrf;”wGif txift&Sm;
awGŒ&ayonf? &Sr;f jynftygt0if awmifwef;a'orsm;udrk l jrefrmjynfrESihf tqdyk ga'orsm; wvH;k
wpnf;wnf;yl;aygi;f &ef/ awmifwef;a'orsm;uqENr&So d I/xdak 'orsm;udk bk&ifcuH oD;jcm;
tkycf sKyfomG ;rnf[ak z: jyxm;onf?

Ttcsut f & jrefrmjynfrudk vGwv

f yfa&;ay;onfw h ikd af tmif awmifwef;a'orsm;udk csex
f m;
rnfh +Aw
d o
d #tpd;k &.oabmxm;rSm xif&mS ;aeayonf? xk@d a=umifh jynfrESiahf wmifwef;a'orsm;
onf vGwv f yfa&;t&,l&mwGif yl;aygi;f a&;/ ryl;aygi;f a&;onf jy\emw&yftaejzifh ay:ayguf
365
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
vmcJah yonf? awmifwef;a'orsm;ESihf yl;aygi;f a&;wGiv f nf; vlO;D a&tm;jzifh tawmftoifrh sm;+y;D
e,fajrtm;jzifuh s,0f ef;aom &Sr;f jynfEiS yhf ;l aygi;f a&;onf t"duu¾rSyg0ifvm&ayonf?

awmifwef;a'orsm;ESiahf ygi;f pnf;a&;twGuf zqyv. oabmxm;udk (1945) ckEpS /f =o*kwv f

(19) &ufae@wiG u
f si;f yaom aeol&ed t
f pnf;ta0;}u;D .a=unmcsuw
f iG f atmufygtwdik ;f awGŒ&
ayonf?

“ArmjynftwGi;f &Sd wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;wdik ;f rdrw

d @kd u}H urH mR udk rdrw
d @kd uomzefw;D Edik +f y;D tm;vH;k .o
abmESihf nD!w
G pf mG xlaxmifaom Edik if w H nfaxmif&ef/ Tod@k wnfaxmif&mY yg0ifaomvlrsKd ;
toD;oD;tm; rdrw d @kd u=H urRmudk rdrw
d @kd bmomzefw;D Edik af om tcGit hf a&;rsm;ay;xm;&ef” [lI
awGŒ&ayonf?

jrefrmjynfwiG f vGwvf yfa&;óud;yrf;r_t&Sed jf yif;xefvmum/ atmifqef;- tufwvD pmcsKyft+yD;

wGif =um;jzwftpd;k &zGŒJ pnf;a&;/ wdik ;f ðyjynfðyv$waf wmfac:,la&;twGuf atmifqef;-tufwvD
pmcsKyf ay:ayguv f mcJo h nf? xdpk mcsKyfwiG f e,fpyfa'ota&; (awmifwef;a'ota&;) ESiyhf wf
oufI atmufygtwdik ;f az: jyxm;onf?

“e,fpyfa'orsm;wGiaf exdik =f uaom jynfov l x l . k oabmwlncD su&f ,l+y;D xdak 'orsm;udk jrefrm
jynfrESit hf jrefq;kH yl;aygi;f ay;&efvt kd yfonf[k +Aw d o d #tpd;k &ESihf jrefrmud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;u oabm
wlnaD =umif;/ xdu k o hJ @kd yl;aygi;f a&;rwnfaqmufrt D csed u
f mvtwGi;f e,fpyfa'oESihf jrefrmjynfr
wd@k ESpOf ;D ESpzf uftusKd ;oufa&mufvmaom aqmif&u G bf ,G &f mudp&P yfrsm;udk ESpOf ;D ESpzf ufv;kH u
vuf c H E d k i f a omenf ; vrf ; jzif h yl ; aygif ; aqmif & G u f o if h o nf ? xd k u J h o d k @ aqmif & G u f E d k i f & ef
atmufygtwdik ;f oabmwl=uonf?
(u) ········
(c) yifvn kH v D mcHYjzpfap/ txl;zdwaf c:aomnDvmcHYjzpfap/ e,fpyfa'oacgi;f aqmif
rsm;ESihf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; =um;jzwfumvtwGi;f atmufygo;kH ckteuf ‚if;wd@k
vufcEH ikd af om yl;aygi;f a&;rluw kd ifjyap&rnf?
(*) ········
(C) ········

txufygazmfjycJo h nfh atmifqef;-tufwvD pmcsKyfxu G af y:vm+y;D aemuf &Sr;f jynfEiS hf Armjynf

aygi;f pnf;a&;onf tvGet f a&;}uD;onft h ajctaeod@k a&muf&v dS mcJah yonf? TuJo h @kd jzpfay:
vmaomEdik if aH &;tajctaersm;a=umifh yifvn kH vD mcHuu kd si;f ycJ&h jcif;jzpfayonf? 'kw, d yifvkH
nDvmcHukd (1947) ckEpS /f azaz:0g&v
D (6) &ufae@rS (12) &ufae@txdusi;f ycJo h nf? xdnk vD mcH}u;D
wGif trsKd ;om;tmZmenfacgi;f aqmif}uD;Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;
onf tajrmftjrif}uD;rm;pGm tem*wfjynfaxmifprk w l &yfukd aqG;aEG;ndE‡ id_ ;f csrw
S u
f m yifvpkH m
366
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
csKyfukd vufrw
S af &;xd;k cJ=h uayonf? xd@k a=umifh jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f (1947) ckEpS /f azaz:0g&v D (12)
&ufae@rpS I jynfaxmifprk l od@k r[kwf jynfaxmifppk w d "f gwu f kd arG;zGm;ay;Edik cf ahJ yonf?

Tae&mwGif jynfaxmifppk w d "f gwEf iS yhf wfoufI yifvn kH vD mcHY Advk cf sKyfatmifqef;.ajym=um;
csurf sm;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;.wifjycsurf sm;udk azmfjy&efvakd yonf?
“Armjynfvw G v
f yfa&;&+yD[q k Ekd ikd af =umif;/ awmifwef;e,frsm;jy\emom use&f adS wmh
a=umif;/ awmifwef;e,frsm; rvGwv f yfoa&GΠArmjynfvw G vf yf+y[
D k rqdEk ikd af =umif;/ Armrsm;onf
awmifwef;vlrsKd ;rsm;udk ‚if;wd@k bmom tkycf sKyfapvdak =umif;/ Armrsm;onf &Sr;f / ucsi/f csi;f wd@k .
jynfwGif;a&;udk pGufzufrnfr[kwfa=umif;” (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;. yifvHkwGif ajym=um;csufrS)
“jrefrmrsm;onf +Adwo d #.u|erf jzpfvakd =umif;/ xdek nf;wlpmG awmifwef;vlrsKd ;rsm;vnf;
+Adwod #u|et f jzpfra&mufapvdak =umif;/ xd@k tjyif awmifwef;vlrsKd ;rsm;onf jrefrmu|et f jzpf
vnf;rjzpfapvdk=umif;” (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;. yifvHkwGif ajym=um;csufrsm;rS)
“wdik ;f jynf}uD;yGm;apcsi&f if ArmuwrsKd ;/ u&ifuwzH/k ucsi/f csi;f wd@k uwjcm; tuGu J JG
tjym;jym;vky=f u&ifjzifh tusKd ;&Srd mS r[kwb f ;l ? pkaygi;f vky=f urSomtusKd ;&SEd ikd rf ,f”
(Ad k v f c sKyf a tmif q ef ; .ajym=um;csuf r S )

xd@k twlyif yifvn kH v D mcHY &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;.wifjycsurf sm;rSmvnf; atmufyg
twdik ;f awGŒ&ayonf?
(1) jynfaxmifppk epft&yl;aygi;f rnf?
(2) tcGit hf a&;ESithf qift h wef;wljzpf&rnf?
(3) &Sr;f jynftm; vH;k 0ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfciG ahf y;&rnf?
(4) cGx
J u G v f u
kd tcsed rf a&G;cGx J u G cf iG ahf y;&rnf?

Tod‹k aqG;aEG;wifjycsurf sm;/ oabmwlncD surf sm;/ uwdu0wfrsm;tygt0if yifvpkH mcsKyfonf

jynfaxmifppk wd "f gw. f tajccHEiS hf rl&if;tESpo f m&yifjzpfonf? wzef xyfrI H wifjy&ygv#if ,ae@
tcsed w
f iG u
f m; tqdyk gpw d "f gwrf sm; aysmufu, G v f ek ;D yg;jzpfae+yD; tcsKd Œaomyk*Kd~ vfrsm;uvnf;
jynfaxmifppk w d "f gwt f ajccHrrl sm;udk arS;rSed af o;odraf p&efEiS hf tjcm;t"dyg` ,rf sm; zH;k v$r;f oGm;ap
vdo
k nf&h nf&,G cf surf sm;jzifh ajymqdak e=uonfuv kd nf; =um;odawGŒjrifae&ayonf?

,ae@tcsed u f mvonf jrefrmEdik if aH wmfukd 'Drukd a&pDjynfaxmifpEk ikd if aH wmfppfppftjzpf wnf

aqmuf&rnfjzpfonfa=umif wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;ESihf trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;rS
onf trsKd ;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;udk r&rae wnfaqmuf&rnfjzpfayonf? xdo k @kd wnfaqmuf&m
wGif Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;/ 'Dru
kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;/ wyfrawmftiftm;pkrsm;/ tm;vH;k nD!w G =f u±Hok m
ru wdik ;f &if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;ESihf aoG;pnf;nDnw G af &;onfvnf; tvGet f a&;}u;D ayonf? wdik ;f
&if;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;udk wnfaqmufrnfqykd gu trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}u;D Adv k cf sKyfatmif
qef;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm; tajrmftjrif}uD;pGmcsrw S cf ahJ om yifvo kH abmwlncD suEf iS hf
367
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
jynfaxmifpkpdwf"gwf. rlvtESpfom&ESifh tajccHrlrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmfjcif;jzifh
wdik ;f &if;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w
G af &;udw
k nfaqmuf=u&ayrnf?

vuf&jdS refrmEdik if . H tajctaerSm pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ vlra_ &;/ wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;
tp&So d nfrsm;wGif jy\emaygi;f pHak y:ayguv f #uf wpwpusqif;um ,d, k iG ;f v#u&f adS yonf?
Tod@k jzpf&jcif;rSm t"duusaom vufiif;ajz&Si;f &rnfEh ikd if aH &;jy\emudk trsKd ;om;a&;wm0ef
w&yftaejzifh rajz&Si;f Edik af oma=umifjh zpfayonf? t"duEdik if aH &;jy\emqd&k mYvnf; jrefrm
Edik if w
H iG f 'Dru
kd a&pDtcGit
hf a&;rsm; jynfow l &yfv;kH (wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm;tygt0if) qdwo f Ok ;f
aejcif;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm; ud,
k yf ikd jf yÏmef;cGi/hf arG;&mygtcGit
hf a&;rsm; qH;k ±_;H aejcif;wd@k yif
jzpfonf?

Tjy\emrsm;onf jy\emESp&f yf[x k if&aomfvnf; wckEiS w hf ck qufpyfum rnfo@kd r# cGrJ &

atmifqufE, G v
f #u&f o
dS nf? 'Dru
kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;rsm;r&Syd gu vGwv f yfaom acwfrzD ŒHG òzd;wd;k
wufaomEdik if aH wmfukd rwnfaqmufEikd o f uJo h @kd wdik ;f &if;om;jy\emudk rajz&Si;f Edik yf guvnf;
+ird ;f csr;f aom/ vGwvf yfaom/ acwfrzD ŒHG òz;d wd;k wufaomEdik if aH wmfukd wnfaqmufEikd rf nfr[kwaf y?

xd@k a=umifh 'Dru kd a&pDa&;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ta&;udk wòydiw f nf;ajz&Si;f =u&ayrnf? Tod@k
ajz&Si;f &mwGif 'Dru kd a&pD.tajccHusaomjynfo@l qENukd av;pm;vdu k ef mjcif;jzifh taumiftxnf
az:&ayrnf? wenf;tm;jzifh jynfov l x
l u
k vGwv f yfpmG a&G;cs,w f ifajrm‡ ufcahJ om (1990) jynfEh pS f
a&G;aumufy. JG &v'fukd taumiftxnfaz:&rnf? wdik ;f &if;om;jy\emajz&Si;f &mwGirf l yuwd
wnf&adS eaom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. tajctaeESiu hf u
kd n
f aD om/ ud, k yf ikd jf yÏmef;cGi&hf adS om
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpjk zift h aumiftxnfaz:&rnf?

TonfrmS a&SmifuiG ;f Ir&Edik af om/ taqmwv#iaf jz&Si;f &efvt

kd yfaeaom trsKd ;om;a&;wm0ef
w&yfvnf;jzpfayonf? TtrsKd ;om;a&;jy\emudk ajz&Si;f &eftwGuf trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G f
a&;udk r&rae wnfaqmuf=u&rnf? xdu k o
hJ @kd wnfaqmuf&mwGif trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;
vkyif ef;pOf tqifq
h ifjh zifh wnfaqmuf&efvt kd yfayonf?

jrefrmEdik if o H nf vGwv f yfa&;&+yD;csed rf pS I 0g'pG/J *d% k ;f *%pG/J tkypf pk /JG vlrsKd ;pG/J qENpjJG zifh uGjJ ym;um/
jyif;xefaomvufeufpu JG ikd f yÉdyuQrsm;jzpfay:+y;D / tcsi;f csi;f wdu k cf ukd rf o_ nf tvGejf yif;xefvaS om
vufeufuikd yf ËdyuQ jzpfymG ;ay:ayguv f mI/ jynfwiG ;f ppfjzpfymG ;Ekid o f nftxd qd;k &Gm;jyif;xefcahJ y
onf? ,if;tusKd ;qufa=umifh ,ae@wikd f trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;udk rwnfaqmufEikd cf ahJ y?
trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G rf _ r&Syd gu/ +ird ;f csr;f aom/ acwfrzD ŒHG òz;d wd;k wufaom/ 'Dru kd a&pDjynf0h aom
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. wef;wltcGit hf a&;&So d nfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu k kd wnfaqmuf&efvnf;
jzpfEikd v
f rd rhf nf r[kwaf y?
trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;udk wnfaqmuf&mwGi/f trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;vkyif ef;pOf.
368
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
yxrtqift h aejzifh ,H=k unfrw
_ nfaqmufa&;udk tcdik t f rmwnfaqmufa&;ESihf 'kw, d tqifh
taejzifh trsKd ;om;a&;jy\emrsm;udk awGŒqHak qG;aEG;jcif;enf;jzifh oH;k oyftajz&Sm+y;D / jy\em&yf
rsm;udk ajz&Si;f um/ trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w
G af &;udk wnfaqmuf=u&ayrnf?

xdu k o hJ @kd wnfaqmuf&ef ukvor*~. 2002 ckEpS /f (57)}urd af jrmuf taxGaxGnv D mcHu “jrefrm
Edik if t
H pd;k &onf 'Dru
kd a&pDjyefvnf&&Sad &;/ (1990)ckEpS /f a&G;aumufy&JG v'frsm;udk taumiftxnf
az:&ef/ (a': ) atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf tjcm;acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf 'Dru kd
a&pDa&;/ trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;rsm;twGuf t"dyg` ,jf ynf0h +y;D / pepfwus yxrOD;pGm awGŒqHk
aqG;aEG;=u+yD; raES;tjref tjcm;Edik if aH &;acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm;. ud, k pf m;
vS,rf sm;yg0if&ef[k jyif;xefpmG wdu k w
f eG ;f vduk o
f nf?” [laom qH;k jzwfcsut f &/ Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f
om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpu D vdu k ef maqmif&u G &f ef wm0ef&adS yonf?

ypPuEQ ikd if aH &;jzpfay:r_ tajctaeudk oH;k oyfygu/ trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;vkyif ef;pOf.
yxrtqifjh zpfaom ,H=k unfrw _ nfaqmufa&;ESihf ywfoufIyif yDyjD yifjyif cdik cf ikd rf mrm rwnf
aqmufEikd af o;a=umif; awGŒ&ayonf? wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd f tzGŒJ tpnf;tcsKd ŒESihf typft
cwf&yfpx J m;Edik jf cif;/ tusO;f om;tcsKd Œudk v$waf y;jcif;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; v$waf y;+yD;/
vGwv f wG v f yfvyf oGm;vmcGiahf y;jcif;/ pmrsuEf mS opfziG v hf pS jf cif;jzif/h jynforl sm;udk Edik if aH &;wGif
vGwv f yfpmG yg0ifvyk af qmifEikd o f nf[I l tm%mydik rf sm;u xkwjf yefjcif; ponfw@kd ukd vkyaf qmif
jcif;jzifh ,H=k unfrw _ nfaqmufa&;u¾udk pwifEikd cf ahJ omfvnf;/ tcsKd Œaom wdik ;f &if;om;vuf
eufuikd f tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf vufeufuikd yf ÉdyuQjzpfymG ;aejcif;/ Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm;tm;vH;k udk
c|i;f csurf &Sd rv$waf y;ao;jcif;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unf. &cdik jf ynfe,fc&D;pOfEiS hf {&m0wDwikd ;f
tcsKd Œa'orsm;od@k oGm;onfch &D;pOfw@kd wiG /f [ef@wm;aESmuf,u S rf r_ sm; óuHc&hJ ayonf?

od@k a=umifh ,H=k unfrw

_ nfaqmufa&;tydik ;f vnf;/ yDjyifcikd rf mr_r&Sad o;a=umif; awGŒ&rnfjzpfay
onf? od@k ,=kH unfrw_ nfaqmufa&;udk yDyjD yifjyiftaumiftxnfraz:aqmifEikd jf cif;onf/ Edik if aH &;
t"dy`g,fjynfh0aom awGŒqHkaqG;aEG;a&;tqifhudk pwiftaumiftxnfraz:aqmifEdkifjcif;.
ta=umif;w&m;vnf; jzpfayonf?

odŒk jzpfI u|Eykf w f @kd onf ,H=k unfrw _ nfaqmufa&;ESihf ywfoufI/ tcdik t f rmtkwjf rpfcsxm;&ef
vdt k yfayonf? od@k ro S m odraf rGŒeufeaJ om awGŒqHak qG;aEG;a&;tydik ;f udk acsmarmtqifajypGm
taumiftxnfaz:aqmifEikd rf nfjzpfayonf? xd@k a=umifh ,H=k unfrw _ nfaqmufjcif; ausmv f eG f
oGm;+y[ D k qdyk gaomfvnf;/ T,H=k unfrt _ ydik ;f udk yDyjD yifjyiftaumiftxnfaz:&ef vdt k yfayonf?
Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm;tm;vH;k udk c|i;f csurf &Sd v$waf y;jcif;/ Oya'rJh zsuo f rd ;f cHxm;&aom wdik ;f &if;
om;ygwrD sm;tygt0if/ Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;udk w&m;0if vGwv f wG v f yfvyf v_y&f mS ;cGiahf y;jcif;/ jynfol
rsm;udk a=umuf&ŒHG pd;k &drrf u _ if;pGm/ Edik if aH &;wGif yg0ifaqmif&u G cf iG afh y;jcif;/ vGwv f yfpmG a&;om;xkwf
a0cGiahf y;jcif; ponft h ajccH'rD u
kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;rsm;udk az:aqmifay;jcif;jzifh taumiftxnf
369
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

az:&ayrnf?

od@k &mwGif tm%mydik rf sm;u jrefrmEdik if w H iG f pmrsuEf mS opfukd zGiv hf pS cf o hJ nf[k qdjk im;aomfvnf;/
jynforl sm;onf Edik if aH &;wGif vGwv f w
G vf yfvyfyg0ifaqmif&u G Ef ikd +f yD;/ ,H=k unfrw _ nfaqmufa&;
tqifu h kd ausmvf eG cf +hJ yD[q
k akd omfvnf;/ vufawGŒrSmum; Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm; v$waf y;&ef
rsm;pGmuseaf eao;onf? xd@k tjyif Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm; v_y&f mS ;cGirhf mS vnf;/ wdik ;f &if;om;ygwD trsm;
tjym;onf zsuo f rd ;f jcif;cHxm;&ojzif/h rnfo@kd r# v_y&f mS ;pnf;±H;k Edik cf iG rhf &Sad y? w&m;0ifygwjD zpfaom
trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. v_y&f mS ;r_ukd =unfv h #iyf if vGwv f w G v f yfvyf v_y&f mS ;cGi&hf o
dS nf[k
rqdEk ikd af y?

txl;ojzifh &cdik jf ynfe,fEiS hf {&m0wDwikd ;f tcsKd @a'opnf;±H;k a&;c&D;pOfrsm;wGif [ef@wm;aESmuf,u S f

r_ awGΗu&H jcif;u oufaojyvsu&f adS yonf? jynforl sm;rSmvnf; Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;/ Edik if aH &;orm;
rsm;ESihf xdawGŒqufqrH r_ &atmifuef@owf/ [ef@wm;/ +crd ;f ajcmufrr_ sm; &Sad eqJjzpfonf? vGwv f yf
pGm a&;om;xkwaf 0cGirhf mS vnf;/ vH;k 0r&Sad o;a=umif; awGŒ&ayonf?

od@k jzpfI ,ae@Eikd if aH &;tajctaeudk rSerf eS u f efuefo;kH oyfrnfqykd gu/trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwf
a&; vkyif ef;pOf. yxrtqifjh zpfaom/ ,H=k unfrw _ nfaqmufa&;ESihf ywfoufIyif tcdik t f rm
tkwjf rpfcsEikd jf cif;r&Sad o;ay? ,H=k unfrw
_ nfaqmufa&;tydik ;f yDjyifcikd rf mrSom/ odraf rGŒeufeaJ om
awGŒqHak qG;aEG;a&; vkyif ef;pOfonf acsmarmtqifajyEdik rf nfjzpfayonf? trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifh
jrwfa&;ESihf trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G rf r_ &Sb
d /J tzufzufrS ,d,
k iG ;f aeaom Edik if aH wmfukd jyefvnf
wnfaqmuf&ef vH;k 0rjzpfEikd af y?

xd@k a=umifh trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;vkyif ef;pOfjzpfaom/ ,H=k unfrw _ nfaqmufa&;tydik ;f

yDjyifcikd rf matmifaz:aqmifa&;ESihf awGŒqHak qG;aEG;a&;udk tjrefq;kH pwifEikd af &;onf/ vuf&t dS m
%mydik rf sm;jzpfaom Edik if aH wmf at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpw D iG f vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm;
wm0ef&adS yonf?

Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpo D nf/ jrefrmEdik if aH wmftm; acwfrzD ŒHG òz;d wd;k wuf
aom 'Dru dk a&pDEikd if aH wmfukd wnfaqmufomG ;rnfjzpfa=umif; pOfqufrjywf ajym=um;v#u&f o dS uJh
od@k / 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if aH y:xGe;f a&;vrf;a=umif;rS rnfonfeh nf;ESirhf # aoGznfomG ;rnf r[kwaf =umif;
udv k nf;/ tcgtm;av#mpf mG xkwaf zmfajym=um;cJ+h y;D jzpfayonf? od@k aomfvnf; 'Dru kd a&pD. tajccH
tusq;kH jzpfaom jynfoŒl qENukd av;pm;vdu k ef mjcif;wnf;[laom 1990 jynfEh pS f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD
taxGaxGa&G;aumufy. JG &v'fukd taumiftxnfaz: aqmif&u G af y;&mwGiuf m;/ tvGe@f tvGef
aESmifah ES;=uef@=umv#u&f adS yonf?

od@k jzpfI trsKd ;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEiS hf wdik ;f &if;om; (4)ygwjD zpfaom &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Dru
kd
370
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ &cdik 'f rD u

kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGet
f rsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ / Zdrk ;D trsKd ;om;uGe*f &ufygwrD sm;
onf/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:ayguaf &;ESihf 'Dru kd a&pDjynf0h aom jynfaxmifpEk ikd if aH y:xGe;f vma&;
twGuf aqmif&u G cf =hJ uayonf?

od@k &mwGif wdik ;f &if;om;v$waf wmfu,

kd pf m;vS,t
f csKd ŒESihf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS v$waf wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,f tajrmuftjrm;udk zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJjh cif;/ uef@owf[ef@wm;aESmuf,u S rf _ trsKd ;
rsKd ;a=umif/h jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfukd ac:,lusi;f yEdik jf cif;r&Scd ahJ y? ‚if;jyif tm%mydik rf sm;u ac:,l
&ef qENvnf; r&Scd ahJ y?

xd@k a=umifh trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om; (4)
ygwu D ,
kd pf m;vS,w f @kd onf (1998) ckEpS /f pufwifbmv(16)&ufae@wiG f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd f
pm;ðyaumfrwDukd zG@J pnf;cJah yonf? ‚if;aumfrwD. &nf&, G cf surf sm;rSm/ v$waf wmfay:ayguaf &;
twGuf aqmif&u G of mG ;&efEiS hf v$waf wmfray:aygurf u D mvtwGi;f tqdyk gaumfrwDonf/ v$wf
awmf.vkyif ef;aqmifwmrsm;udk aqmif&u G of mG ;&efw@kd jzpfayonf? T&nf&, G cf surf sm;udk yDyjD yifjyif
aqmif&u G Ef ikd &f eftwGu/f tzGŒJ 0ifopfrsm;udk zdwaf c:vufcv H #uf &Sad yonf?

jrefrmEdik if .
H vuf&t dS ajctaerSm Edik if aH &;jy\em/ wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; jy\em/ pD;yGm;a&;
jy\em/ vlra_ &;jy\em/ ynma&;jy\em ponfjzifh jy\emaygi;f pHw k @kd onf trsKd ;om;a&;
jy\emw&yftaejzifh taqmwv#if ajz&Si;f &ef awmif;qdv k #u&f adS eayonf? Tjy\emrsm;udk
taqmwv#if rajz&Si;f Edik yf gu/ wpwp,d, k iG ;f um/ rsm;r=umrDumvtwGi;f jy\emt&yf&yf
wd@k onf pkaygi;f ±_yaf xG;vm+yD;/ tajctaeqd;k rsm;udk rajz&Si;f / rudik w f ,
G Ef ikd o f nfh tajctaeod@k
a&muf&v dS mEdik +f y;D / wdik ;f jynfEiS hf vlrsKd ;twGuvf nf; rar#mrf eS ;f Edik af om qd;k usKd ;rsm;. tusKd ;qufukd
cHpm;=u&rnfjzpfayonf?

od@k jzpfI Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpt D m%mydik rf sm;/ trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pD
tzGŒJ csKyf/ wdik ;f &if;om;Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd t
f zGŒJ tpnf;tm;vH;k wd@k onf
,H=k unfru _ kd tcdik tf rmwnfaqmuf+y;D jy\em&yfrsm;udk awG@qakH qG;aEG;um/tjrefq;kH ajz&Si;f &ef
vdt k yfaeayonf?

od@k &mwGif trsKd ;om;'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKy/f wdik ;f &if;om;Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd f
tzGŒJ tpnf;toD;oD;wd@k rmS / óuw d ifpnf;urf;owfrw S cf surf &Sb d /J awGŒqHak qG;aEG;&ef tqifoif&h adS e
=uaomfvnf;/ tm%mydik rf sm;rSmrl/ awGŒqHak qG;aEG;a&;rSonf 'Dru kd a&pDjynf0h aom jynfaxmifpk
jrefrmEdik if aH wmf jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&; vkyif ef;pOfrsm;udk aESmifah ES;ap&ef/ qifajcqifvuf trsKd ;
rsdK;jyv#uf&Sdayonf? xdkodk@ ta=umif;jycsufrsm;teuf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pk
ajrmufjrm;pGm&Sad ejcif;a=umif/h 'Dru
kd a&pDEikd if w H nfaqmufa&;udk jrefjrefomG ;Ir&Edik /f jznf;jznf;csi;f
oGm;&rnf[al om ta=umif;jycsuv f nf; yg0ifayonf?
371
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$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

jrefrmEdik if w H iG f ucsi/f u,m;/ u&if/ csi;f / Arm/ rGe/f &cdik /f &Sr;f ESihf tjcm;wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ; trsm;
tjym;&Sjd cif;onf/ yuwdtajctaew&yfjzpf+y;D / TuJo h @kd wnf&adS eaom t&Sw d &m;udk vufrcHEikd f
jcif;/ wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; trsm;tjym;&Sad ejcif;onf/ 'Dru kd a&pDaz:aqmifa&;ESihf jynfaxmifppk pf
ppfrl wnfaxmifa&;twGuf t[ef@twm;jzpfaeonf[k ta=umif;jyajymqdak eolrsm;onf
tqd;k jrifwwf=uolrsm;omjzpfayonf? jrefrmEdik if w H iG f wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ; trsm;tjym;aexdik f
v#u&f jdS cif;ud/k yuwdtajctaeESihf t&Sw d &m;tjzpf "rR"Ïd mefusus oH;k oyf+yD;/ trsKd ;om;aygi;f
pnf;a&;r_w&yfukd csrw S u
f sio
hf ;kH Edik yf gu/ jynfaxmifp}k uD;. aumif;jrwfaom pGr;f yum;w&yfyif
jzpfvmEdik af yonf?

xd@k a=umifh u|Eykf w

f @kd Eikd if YH / wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; yuwdwnf&adS eonfh tajctaeESihf ESpaf ygi;f
(50)ausmf jzwfoef;cJ&h aom ordik ;f tawGŒtóuHrsm;/ wdik ;f &if;om;jy\emrsm;/ Edik if w H umwGif
óuaH wGŒ&aom trsKd ;om;a&;jy\em tawGŒtóurH sm;udk &,l+cKH io kH ;kH oyf+y;D / vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHk aoG;pnf;
nD!w G af &;twGu/f trsKd ;om;a&;rl0g'w&yfukd csrw S u
f sio
hf ;kH &efvt kd yfayonf?

twdwo f rdik ;f wGif trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD; Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;
onf trsKd ;om;a&;0g'ESihf jynfaxmifppk w d "f gwu f kd aygi;f pnf;um/ trsKd ;om;rsm;aygi;f pnf;a&;
qdik &f m oabmw&m;ESihf rl0g'rsm; csrw S Ef ikd cf =hJ uayonf? Tod@k csrw S &f mwGi/f awGŒqHak qG;aEG;n‡Ed id_ ;f
jcif;/ tjyeftvSet f ay;t,lvyk jf cif;/ uwdu0wfrsm;udk vufawGŒtaumiftxnfaz: jcif;jzifh
,H=k unfrw _ nfaqmufum/ cufceJ ufeaJ om trsKd ;om;a&;jy\emrsm;udk ajz&Si;f Edik cf ahJ yonf?

,ae@wikd f yifvpkH w
d "f gwt
f ajccHoabmrsm;udk wefz;kd xm; &nf!e$ ;f ae=u&pJjzpfayonf? xdu k o
hJ @kd
wefz;kd xm; &nf!e$ ;f ae=u&jcif;rSm/ Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;OD;aqmifrj_ zif/h wdik ;f &if;om;nDtpfurkd sm;
'Dru
kd a&pD enf;usus taustvnfaqG;aEG;n‡Ed id_ ;f +yD;/ tjyeftvSef em;vnfr, _ u
l m/ oabmwl
nDnw G cf hJ =uaoma=umifjh zpfayonf? tiftm;oH;k zdtm;ay;+yD;/ wzwfowf &,lcjhJ cif;r[kwaf y?
Tod@k aumif;jrwfaom pHerlemrsm;ud, k +l yD;/ ,ae@ jrefrmEdik if óH uHawGŒ&ifqikd af e&aom jy\em
rsm;udk ajz&Si;f oifah yonf?

jrefrmEdik if aH wmftm; 'Dru kd a&pDjynf0h +yD;/ +idr;f csr;f I zGŒH òzd;wd;k wufaom Edik if aH wmfukd wnfaqmuf
rnfqykd gu/ 'Dru kd a&pD. tajccHtusq;kH jzpfaom jynfoŒl qENukd av;pm;vdu k ef m&rnf? xd@k a=umifh
xyfrw H ifjy&rnfqykd gv#i/f (1990)jynfEh pS f a&G;aumufyw JG iG /f jynfow
l @kd vGwv f yfpmG a&G;cs,w
f if
ajr‡mufcahJ om/ a&G;aumufy. JG &v'fukd todtrSwðf ytaumiftxnfaz:&efvo kd nf? xdek nf;wl
pGm +ird ;f csr;f IzGŒH òz;d wd;k wufaom Edik if aH wmfukd wnfaqmufrnfqykd gu/wikd ;f &if;om;aoG;pnf;nDnw G f
a&;onf r&Srd jzpf vdt k yfayonf?

wdik ;f &if;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w
G af &;udw
k nfaqmuf&mwGiv
f nf; tajymoufoufjzifh wnfaqmufI
372
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

&Edik rf nfr[kwaf y? Edik if aH &;aºu;G a=umforH sm;/ pum;vH;k tvStyrsm; oH;k ,Ho k ufoufjzifh ,ae@&if
qdik af e&aomjy\em&yfrsm;udk ajz&Si;f Edik v f rd rhf nfr[kwaf y? wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm;. ordik ;f qdik f
&myuwdtajctaersm;udk qENp/JG vlrsKd ;pGu J if;pGm"rR"Ïd mefususo;kH oyf+yD; vufawGŒususwnf
aqmuf&ayrnf?

Tvkyif ef;pOfrsm;ukt d aumiftxnfaz:&eftwGuf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDonf

,H=k unfrw
_ nfaqmufa&;/ awGŒqHak qG;aEG;a&;rSwqifh trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;wnfaqmuf
um jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfukd ac:,lomG ;&rnfjzpfayonf? xdrk w S qifh +idr;f csr;f aom/ 'Dru
kd a&pD
jynf0h aom/ wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. tcGit
hf a&;rsm;udt
k mrcHaom zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu k kd
wnfaqmufomG ;&rnfjzpfayonf?

xd@k a=umifh Edik if aH &;t"dyg` ,jf ynf0h aom awGŒqHak qG;aEG;&ef tvGeo f ifah v#maf eonft h csed jf zpfI
Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpo D nf-
(1) Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm;tm;vH;k udck |i;f csurf &St d jrefq;kH v$waf y;&ef/
(2) zsuo f rd ;f cHxm;&aom wdik ;f &if;om;ygwrD sm;tygt0if Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;udk vGwv f w
G f
vyfvyf v_y&f mS ;cGiahf y;&ef/
(3) jynforl sm;tm; Edik if aH &;v_y&f mS ;r_wiG f t[ef@twm;aESmuf,u S u f if;pGm yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;
cGifhay;&ef/
(4) vGwv f yfpmG a&;om;xkwaf 0cGiafh y;&ef/
ponfh tajccH'rD u kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;rsm;udk yDyjD yifjyifaz:aqmifay;jcif;jzifh ,H=k unfrw _ nf
aqmufa&;udk tcdik t f rmtkwjf rpfcsI awGŒqHak qG;aEG;v#uf trsKd ;om;a&;jy\emrsm;udk yl;aygi;f
aqmif&u G =f uyg&efEiS hf awG@qakH qG;aEG;a&;udk rwGe@f rqkwb f J tjrefq;kH aqmif&u G =f u&ef av;eufpmG
wdu k w f eG ;f vdu
k o f nf? od@k aqmif&u G =f u&mwGif wzufEiS w hf zuf tay;t,l&=dS u&ayrnf? tay;t
,lqo kd nfrmS wzufutav;om+yD; wzufukd rxdcu kd rf epfemap&ef/ ESpOf ;D ESpzf uf ðyomjyifom
aomenf;vrf;udk toH;k ðy=u&ayrnf[k ,ae@usa&mufonfh (56) ESpaf jrmuf jynfaxmifpak e@tcg
or,wGif jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;ðyaumfrwDu tav;teufwu kd w
f eG ;f vdu
k &f ayonf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
&efuek òf rŒd
1364 ckEpS /f wydw
k v
JG qef; (11) &uf?
2003ckEpS /f azaz:0g&Dv (12) &uf?

(trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS wm0ef,jl zef‹cso
d nf?)

373
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trsKd;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJŒG csKyf/

&Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru dk a&pDtzJŒG csKyf/
&ckid 'f rD u
dk a&pDtzJŒG csKyf/ rGet f rsKd;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJŒG ESihf
Zkrd ;D trsKd;om;uGe*f &ufwŒdk u etztm; Oya't&
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lay;&ef
awmif;qkdwkdufwGef;cJhygw,f?
'gayr,fh vk;H 0 O\kH vspfvsL±+jcif; cHc&hJ ygw,f?
Oya'xkwv f u dk wf ohJ al wGu Oya'ukd csKd;zsufvu dk jf cif;jzpfygw,f?
w&m;Oya'pk;d rk;d a&; qdwo f Ok ;f aew,fqw dk m jyvku
d jf cif;yJ jzpfygw,f?

OD;atmifa±$
16 / 9 / 1999

jy nf ol Œ v$ wf a w mf udk ,f p m ; ðy aumf r wD

tydik ;f
(3)
374
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'
(EdkifiH_idrf0yfydjym;r+wnfaqmufa&;tzGJŒ Oya'trSwf 4§88 )

1350 jynfEh pS /f awmfovif;vjynfah usmf ( 2 ) &uf?

1988 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (27) &uf?

ygwpD 'Hk rD u
dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu
JG kd atmifjrifpmG usi;f yEkid &f ef Ekid if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_
wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ onf atmufygOya'udjk yÏmef;vku d of nf?

tcef ; (1)
trnf E S i f h t "d y ` g ,f a zmf j ycsuf

1? TOya'udk Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w Hk ifjcif;Oya'[k ac:wGiaf p&rnf?

2? TOya'wGiyf g&adS om atmufygpum;&yfrsm;onf azmfjyygtwkid ;f t"dyg` ,o f ufa&muf
ap&rnf?
(u) Ekid if aH &;ygwq D o kd nfrmS ppfreS af omygwpD 'Hk rD udk a&pDukd vufcu
H siohf ;Hk aom tzGŒJ tpnf;
udq k o dk nf?
(c) a&G;aumufyq JG o dk nfrmS ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG q kd o
dk nf?
(*) aumfr&Siq f odk nfrmS ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f kd
qko d nf?

tcef;(2)
Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w
Hk ifjcif;

3? a&G;aumufyYJG 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid v f adk om Ekid if aH &;ygwt D oD;oD;onf owfrw S x

f m;aom
enf;vrf;rsm;ESit hf nD rSwyf w Hk if&ef aumfr&Sio f @kd av#mufxm;&rnf? od@k &mwGif atmufygtzGŒJ t
pnf;w&yf&yfonf rSwyf w Hk if&ef av#mufxm;cGirhf &Sad p& ?
(u) wnfqOJ ya' w&yf&yft& rw&m;toif;tjzpf a=unmjcif;cH&aomtzGŒJ tpnf;?
(c) Ekid if aH wmftm; vufeufpu JG ikd I
f awmfveS /f ykeu f efaeaom aomif;useo f t
l zGŒJ tpnf;?
(*) Ekid if aH wmfyikd af iGa=u;/ taqmufttk/H ,mOf/ ypPn;f wk@d ukd wku d ±f u
dk jf zpfap/ oG,0f u kd af om
enf;jzifjh zpfap &,lo;Hk pGo J nft h zGŒJ tpnf;?
(C) Ekid if jH cm;wkid ;f jynfwckc. k tpd;k &od@k r[kwf bmoma&;tzGŒJ tpnf; od@k r[kwf tjcm;t
zGŒJ tpnf;wckcrk S aiGa=u;/ ypPn;f / tjcm;taxmuftyHu h kd wku d ±f u
dk jf zpfap/ oG,0f u kd f
aomenf;jzifjh zpfap &,lo;Hk pGo J nft h zGŒJ tpnf;?
(i) bmoma&;udk Ekid if aH &;udpt P wGuf tvGo J ;Hk pm;ðyaomtzGŒJ tpnf;?
375
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

(p) jynfoŒl wyfrawmf/ jynfoŒl &JwyfzŒJG paomumuG,af &;wyfzŒJG 0ifrsm;/ jynfoŒl 0efxrf;
tzGŒJ tpnf;toD;oD;/ Ekid if yH ikd pf ;D yGm;a&;/ bkw/f aumfyakd &;&Si;f / tzGŒJ tpnf;toD;oD;rS
0efxrf;rsm;ESifh Ekid if aH wmfb¾maiGrS vpmcHpm;=uaom 0efxrf;rsm;yg0ifonft h zGŒJ
tpnf;?

4? rnfonfEh idk if aH &;ygwrD qkd TOya't& rSwyf w

Hk ifciG &hf &S+d yD;rSomv#if a&G;aumufyw
JG iG f
0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf iG &hf o
dS nf?

tcef ; (3)
aumfr&Sif. vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;

5? Ekid if aH &;ygww D cku rSwyf w Hk ifay;&efav#mufxm;onft

h cg owfrw
S x
f m;aom enf;vrf;
rsm;ESit
fh nD ppfaq;+yD;aemuf aumfr&Sio f nf -
(u) rSwyf w Hk ifciG ðfh yEkid o
f nf? od@k r[kwf
(c) rSwyf w Hk ifciG ðhf y&ef jiif;qkEd idk o
f nf//

6? a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yjcif;rðyrD rSwyf w

Hk ifciG &hf &S+d y;D aom Ekid if aH &;ygww
D ckonf yk'rf 3/ yk'rf cGJ
(u)(c)(*)(C) od@k r[kwf (i)wGif azmfjyxm;onfh tzGŒJ tpnf;w&yfjzpfa=umif; aumfr&Siu f awGŒ
&Sv
d #if rSwyf w
Hk ifciG ðhf ycJjh cif;udyk ,fzsu&f rnf?

7? a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yjcif;rðyrD rSwyf w

Hk ifciG &hf &S+d y;D aom Edik if aH &;ygwwD ckonf yk'rf 3/ yk'rf cGJ
(p)wGif azmfjyxm;onfh tzGŒJ tpnf;w&yfjzpfa=umif; aumfr&Siu f awGŒ&Sv d #if ,if;tzGŒJ tpnf;wGif
yg0ifonfh oufqidk &f myk*Kd~ vfrsm;tm; ygw0D iftjzpfrES w _ x
f u
G af p&ef aumfr&Siu f oufqidk &f m
Ekid if aH &;ygwED iS fh oufqidk &f m0efxrf;tzGŒJ tpnf;tm; ta=umif;=um;&rnf?

8? yk'rf 5/ 6 od@k r[kwf 7 t& aumfr&Si.

f qk;H jzwfcsuo
f nf t+yD;tjywfjzpfonf?

tcef ; (4)
taxG a xG

9/ aumfr&Sio f nf TOya'yg jyÏmef;csurf sm;udk aqmif&u G &f efvt

dk yfaom enf;Oya'rsm;/
vkyx
f ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm;/ trde@f rsm;/ !¸e=f um;csurf sm;udk xkwjf yefEidk o
f nf?

376
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf
a-unmcsuftrSwf(9)

ae@pJG - 1989 ckEpS /f azaz:0g&v

D (12) &uf?

trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. rl0g'oabmxm;ESihf
a,bk,svkyif ef;pOfrsm;udk a-unmjcif;?

“'D r d k u a&pD j ynf a xmif p k o pf ”

jynfaxmifpw k ckv;Hk . Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/ u¾e,fy,ftm;vH;k Y tjynf0h qH;k aom
'Dru kd a&pDtajctaersm;azmfxw k af &;ESihf tppfreS q f ;Hk aom 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if aH wmfopfwnfaqmuf
a&;udk OD;wnfa&Sα_jcif;?
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tm;vH;k vufwrJG ðzwfpwrf; aoG;pnf;nD!w G rf j_ zifh jynfaxmifp}k u;D wnf
wHch ikd +f rJa&;/ jynfaxmifp}k uD;zGŒH òzd;wd;k wufa&;ESihf jynfaxmifp}k uD;+idr;f csr;f om,ma&;udk OD;wnf
a&Sα_jcif;?
jynfaxmifpzk mG ;wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tm;vH;k . tcGit hf a&;wef;wl&nfwrl u _ kd vufcv H #uf
rnfonfv h rl sKd ;udrk # txl;tcGit hf a&;ray;a&;ESihf vlrsKd ;EG,/f vlrsKd ;pktm;vH;k . cHpm;xdu k /f cHpm;tyf
aom rnfonft h cGit hf a&;udrk # csKyfcs,u f ef@owfrr_ ðya&;udk OD;wnfa&SŒ±_jcif;?
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tm;vH;k udk Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;u¾e,fy,ftoD;oD;Y ud, k yf ikd f
jyÏmef;cGi&hf adS &;udk OD;wnfa&SŒ±_jcif;?
e,fy,fa'otoD;oD;rS wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tcsi;f csi;f yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf /_ uln±D ikd ;f yif;r_/
0dik ;f 0ef;yHyh ;kd r_jzifh jynfaxmifp}k u;D wckv;kH ESihf jynfaxmifp}k u;D . jynfe,fa'otpdwt f ydik ;f toD;oD;
. }uD;yGm;zGŒH òzd;wd;k wufa&;udk OD;wnfa&SŒ±_jcif;?
trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyo f nf txufyg rl0g'oabmxm;rsm;udk tajccHv#uf wdik ;f &if;
om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.ta&;ESiphf yfv#O;f aom a,bk,svyk if ef;pOfrsm;udk atmufygtwdik ;f csrw S af qmif
&Guo f mG ;rnfjzpfonf?
(1) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHyk g0ifaom jynfov l x l }k u;D w&yfv;kH ESithf wl waoG;wom;wnf;
377
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

vufwv JG #u/f 'Dru kd a&pDpepfwnfaqmufrt _ a&;awmfy}Hk u;D udk atmifycJG o H nftxd wdu k f
yG0J ifomG ;rnf?
(2) 'Dru kd a&pDpepf atmifjrifpmG wnfaqmufEidk v f #if jynfaxmifp}k u;D wnfwchH ikd jf raJ &;/ zGŒH òz;d wd;k
wufa&;/ +ird ;f csr;f om,ma&;/ wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tm;vk;H aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;wnf;[laom
'Dru kd a&pDvŒl abmifopf. tajccHtw k jf rpfrsm;udk tcdik t f rmcsEidk af p&eftvd@k imS yifvn Hk D
vmcH}u;D uJo h @kd aom jynfaxmifp}k u;D . tem*wfc&D;vrf;!¸erf sm;udk csrw S Ef ikd rf nfh wdik ;f &if;
om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pkt H rsKd ;om;!dES id_ ;f r_nv D mcHw&yfukd ac:,lusi;f yrnf?
(3) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pkt H rsKd ;om;!SEd id_ ;f r_nv D mcH}uD;wGif wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tm;vH;k .
ud, k yf ikd jf yÏmef;cGi/hf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tm;vH;k . tcGit hf a&;wef;wl&nfwcl iG /hf vlrsKd ;pk}uD;
wck. e,fy,fa'otwGi;f rSw D if;aexdik v f #uf ud, k yf ikd pf um;/ ud, k yf ikd , f Ofaus;r_/ ud, k yf ikd f
e,fajra'o&Sad om vlrsKd ;pki,frsm;. oD;jcm;e,fajrqdik &f mud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKyrf _ ponft h a&;
udprP sm;ESiphf yfvsO;f I trsm;oabmwlnrD #aom jyÏmef;csurf sm;udck srw S rf nf?
(4) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pkt H rsKd ;om;!dES id_ ;f r_nv D mcH}uD;wGif jynfaxmifpzk mG ;wdik ;f &if;om;
tm;vH;k . aoG;pnf;cdik rf mr_ukd ,dr;f ,dik òf yu d aJG eapjcif;/ Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &; bufaygi;f
pkw
H iG f 'kuyQ ifv,fa0aev#u&f o dS nfh jynfaxmifpt k wGi;f qufvufjzpfay:r_rsm; t+y;D wdik f
acsaysmufcsKyf+idr;f apa&;twGuf Ekid if aH &;enf;vrf;rsm;ESihf ajz&Si;f Ekid &f ef!ESd id_ ;f rnf?
(5) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pkH trsKd ;om;!dES id_ ;f r_nv D mcH}uD;wGif wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tm;vH;k ESihf
jynfe,ftm;vH;k . pD;yGm;zHŒG òzd;wd;k wufa&;/ ud, k yf ikd pf may/ xH;k wrf;,Ofaus;r_EiS hf bmom
pum;rsm;pnfyifxeG ;f um;a&;ESihf tjyeftvSet f wGuf cdik rf mwdusaom 0dik ;f 0ef;yhyH ;kd r_/
tmrcHr/_ av;pm;apmifx h ed ;f r_/ &if;ES;D ðryfErHS _ vkyif ef;pOfcsrw S rf r_ sm;udk azmfxw k rf nf?
(6) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pkt H rsKd ;om;!SEd id_ ;f r_nv D mcH}u;D . jyÏmef;csurf sm;tm; tajccHvrf;
!¸eZf ,m;rsm;tjzpfvufuikd ðf yv#uf jynfaxmifpzk mG ;wdik ;f &if;om;tm;vH;k twGuf vlr_
a&;&mYvnf;aumif;/ pD;yGm;a&;&mYvnf;aumif;/ Edik if aH &;&mYvnf;aumif;/ w&m;r#wr_
jzpfxeG ;f apum tqift h wef; tcGit hf a&;ESihf Oya'oufa&mufrw _ @kd wiG f yuwdwn l aD p
onft h jyif vlŒtcGit hf a&;ESiv hf rl v _ wG v f yfrr_ sm;udk tjynft h 0cHpm;apEdik o f nfh jyÏmef;csuf
rsm;/ tmrcHcsurf sm;/ wm0efEiS v hf yk yf ikd cf iG rhf sm; paom Edik if aH wmf.yHo k ¾mefEiS hf &nfreS ;f
csurf sm;tm; tcdik t f rm/ twdtus owfrw S af zmfxw k af om Edik if aH wmfzŒJG pnf;yHt k ajccH
Oya'opfw&yfukd 'Dru kd a&pDwikd ;f jynfðyv$waf wmfwiG ! f EdS id_ ;f a&;qGrJ nf?
(7) tajccHOya'opfonf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;tm;vH;k aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;/ wef;wl&nfwl
tcGit hf a&;cHpm;&&Sad &;/ tjyeftvSe0f ikd ;f 0ef;ulnyD ;l aygi;f a&;pdw"f gww f @kd jzifh 'Dru kd a&pD
jynfaxmifpk}uD; t"Gef@&Snf=umwnfwef@cdkif+rJa&;twGuf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vHk;
waoG;/ woH/ wpdw/f w0rf; vufwrJG ðzwfpwrf; yl;aygi;f &yfwnfEikd af &;udt k mrcH&ef óu;d
yrf;rnf?
u|Eyfk w f @kd onf Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ESiw hf uG Ekid if aH &;acgi;f aqmif}u;D rsm; ðypkysKd ;axmifcahJ om
378
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if aH wmf}uD;xGe;f um;&ef tajccHtw k jf rpfjzpfonfh yifvpkH w

d "f gw&f iS o
f efzŒHG òzd;
a&;twGuv f nf;aumif;/ 'Dru kd a&pDta&;tcif;wGif aoG;ajrusc&hJ aom ausmif;om;vli,f &[ef;
&Siv
f rl sm;.opPmudk apmifo h ad omtm;jzifh vlŒtcGit hf a&;rsm;udt k mrcHonfh ppfreS af om'Dru kd a&pD
&&Svd monftxdvnf;aumif; ZG/J owWw d @kd jzifh nDn!
D w G !
f wG óf u;d yrf;oGm;=urnf[k tav;teuf
t"dÏmefðyygonf?

1989 ckEpS /f azaz:0g&Dv/ 12 &ufaeŒ (42 )ESpaf jrmuf jynfaxmifpak eŒY

&Sr;f jynfe,fawmifyikd ;f / vGKd ifvifc±dik /f yifvòHk rdŒ&Sw
d ikd ;f &if;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G rf .
+
jy,k*jf zpfonfh yifvakH usmufwikd af &SΠwGif a':atmifqef;pk-unfu, kd w
f ikd zf wf-um;onf?

1990 jynfEh pS /f ZGev

f (29) &ufae‹rS Zlvidk v f (2) &ufae‹txd &efuek òf rdŒd &Sd 0dik /f trf/pD/at cef;r-uD;wGif
usif;ycJo
h nfh jynfaxmifpw k idk ;f &if;om;vlrsdK;rsm; Ekid if aH &;ygwDtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;. 'kw, d t}udrn f v
D mcHrS
w&m;0iftwnfðycJah om jynfaxmifpw k idk ;f &if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS a&G;aumufytJG _yD;wGif
trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. a&G;aumufyt JG Ekid &f &Srd u
+ kd vlxak tmifytJG jzpf óudqadk -umif;xkwjf yefcohJ nfh
“jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;Ekid if aH &;ygwDaygif;pko H abmxm;a-unmcsuf”
(0dik /f trf/pD/at a-unmpmwrf;)

a&G;aumufyGJtjyD;
jynfaxmifpkwkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm; EkdifiHa&;ygwDaygif;pkH
oabmxm;a-unmcsuf

1? ,cktcg e0w ppftpd;k &rS }u;D rª;usi;f yaom a&G;aumufyo JG nf atmifjrifpmG +y;D qk;H cJyh g+y?D
a&G;aumufyu JG mvESihf a&G;aumufyrJG wkid cf ifu rnfuo hJ @kd aom[ef@wm;aESmif, h uS rf r_ sKd ;óuaH wGŒcJ&h
onfjzpfap/ jynfov l xl w k &yfv;Hk u &J&ifw h nf=unfpmG / owd}u;D pGm/ tar#mt f jrif}u;D pGm/ pnf;urf;
tda¹EN}uD;pGmjzifh a&G;aumufyw JG iG f rdrw
d @dk .qENreS u
f akd zmfxw k jf yocJ=h uonf? jynfov l x
l wk @dk .
&J&ifah ompGr;f aqmifrE_ iS fh rSeu
f efjywfom;aomqk;H jzwfcsu. f atmifyo JG nf wefz;dk }uD;vSygonf?
Tatmifyu JG kd v_u
d vf pJS mG óudqt dk yfayonf?

2? e0w ppftpd;k &onf vGwv f yfoef@&iS ;f Iw&m;r#waoma&G;aumufyu JG kd usi;f yay;onf

[kqadk pumr_/ xkad &G;aumufyu JG si;f yaecdsew f iG f Ekid if aH &;ygwt
D csKd ŒrS acgi;f aqmifrsm;/ ausmif;om;
acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf Ekid if aH &;orm;rsm;pGmwk@d ukd axmifoiG ;f tusO;f csxm;cJyh gonf? xk@d tjyif e0w
ppftpd;k &u tm%modr;f onft h csed rf S e,fpyfa'orsm;od@k awmcko d mG ;=uaom ausmif;om;vli,f
379
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

trsm;tjym;vnf; awmfveS af &;pcef;rsm;wGi&f adS e=uygonf? xko d @kd zrf;qD;cH&onfh Ekid if aH &;tusO;f
om;rsm;vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuv f nf;aumif;/ awmfveS af &;pcef;toD;oD;wGiaf &muf&adS e=uaom
ausmif;om;vli,frsm; +ird ;f csr;f pGmjynfawmfjyefEidk af &;twGuv f nf;aumif;/ jynfov l x l u k t=urf;
rzufyJ +idr;f csr;f pGmaqmif&u
G Ef idk af om wckwnf;aomenf;vrf;rSm a&G;aumufyw JG iG f carmuf
oauFwa&SŒY =uufajccwfwq H yd ±f ukd Ef ydS I
f qENraJ y;jcif;omjzpfayawmhonf? xk@d a=umifh trsKd ;
om;'Drudk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf.atmifyo JG nf vlxak tmifyt JG ppftrSejf zpfaeygawmhonf?

3? ,ae@trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. a&G;aumufyaJG tmifjrifro _ nf vGwv f yfa&;tóud

umvwGiu f si;f ycJah om wkid ;f ðyjynfðyv$waf wmfa&G;aumufyw JG iG f zqyvtzGŒJ csKyf.atmifjrifr_
ESihf qifqifwal eygonf? xkt d cdseu
f vGwv f yfa&;&vkpd w d f jyif;jypGmjzifh zqyvtzGŒJ csKyu f kd vlxw k
&yfv;Hk u ykaH tmIrJay;cJ=h uygonf? ,ckvnf; 'Dru dk a&pD&&Sad &;qENjyif;jypGmjzifh trsKd ;om;'Drdk
ua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfukd ykaH tmIrJay;=ujyefyg+yD? ,if;onf orkid ;f wa=umhjyefvnfjcif;jzpfI u|Eykf f
wk@d taejzifh taumif;a&mtqk;d yg ordik ;f oifcef;pm,lwwf&ef ta&;}uD;ygonf?
4? vGwv f yfa&;tóudumvwGif u|Eykf w f @dk widk ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f wk@d onf æ
(u) vGwv f yfa&;&csiaf Zm}uD;vGe;f jcif;/
(c) Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;udk ,k=H unfu;kd pm;vGe;f jcif;/
(*) Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef; usq;Hk +yD;aemuf olŒtay: u±k%moufveG ;f jcif;/
(xko d Œkd yk*~dKvfa&;u±k%moufrv + eG u
f IJ (rl) tay:rSm tav#mah y;onf txd
jzpfc&hJ onf// txl;ojzifh zGŒJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'a&;qGjJ yXmef;aomtcg vlrsd K;pk
acgif;aqmifrsm;onf Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef; aemufyikd ;f wufvmaom zqyv acgif;
aqmifrsm;ESihf tajctwifaqG;aEG;jcif;rðyawmhyJ tav#mhay;cJ-h uygonf?)
(C) Edik if aH &;ESihf Oya' em;vnfu|r;f usirf r_ &Sjd cif; ponft h m;enf;csurf sm;&Sad ecJyh gonf?
tqkyd gtm;enf;csurf sm;a=umifh wkid ;f jynf.tem*wfu=H urRmudk tqk;H tjzwfay;
rnfh zGŒJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'a&;qGjJ yÏmef;aomtcg Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf
awmifwef;a'oacgi;f aqmifrsm; yifvn Hk vD mcHwiG f oabmwlpmcsKyf csKyfqcdk o hJ nfh
twdik ;f vlrsKd ;aygi;f pkw
H ef;wl&nfwyl ;l aygi;f aom ppfreS o f nfjh ynfaxmifpjk zpfrvmbJ/
jynfaxmifppk epfEiS hf wjynfaxmifpepf a&maESmxm;aom twkta,mifjynf
axmifpjk zpfvmcJyh gonf?

5? u|Eykf w
f @dk onf óucH zhJ ;l aomorkid ;f oifcef;pmudk tav;teufxm;+y;D trdsK;om;'Dru dk a&pD
tzGŒJ csKy.f atmifyu JG kd óuq
d &kd ayrnf? ,cktcg e0wppftpd;k &onf jynfov l x l ak &G;cs,w
f ifajrm‡ uf
xm;aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;xHo@kd Ekid if aH wmftm%mv$aJ jymif;ay;&ef zGŒJ pnf;ykH
tajccHOya'r&Sad o;yg[al omta=umif;jycsujf zifh jiif;qefaeygonf? xk@d a=umifh u|Eyfk w f @dk onf
'Drudk a&pDt&yfom;tpd;k &zGŒJ pnf;a&;ESihf tm%mv$aJ jymif;ay;a&;twGuf tvGet f rif;qENapm+y;D /
wkid ;f jynf.uH=urRmudk tqk;H tjzwfay;rnfh t"dujy\emjzpfaom zGŒJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'a&;qGjJ y
380
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

Ïmef;a&;udk owdvufvw G rf jzpfoifah y? orkid ;f oifcef;pmt& jynfwiG ;f +ird ;f csr;f a&;tygt0if wkid ;f
&if;om;vlrsd K;rsm;. vlrsKd ;qkid &f mtcGit hf a&;tjynft h 0&&Sad &;udk tmrcHcsuaf y;Ekid o
f nfh ppfreS f
aomjynfaxmifppk epfjzifh Ekid if aH wmfzŒJG pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'a&;qGjJ yÏmef;a&;onf t"duta&;}uD;
qk;H jy\emjzpfygonf? xked nf;wl jynfoŒl qENEiS t hf nD/ jynfov l x
l u
k a&G;cs,w
f ifajrm‡ ufxm;aom
jynfoŒl ud, k pf m;vS,t
f ppftrSerf sm;vufxo J @kd Edik if aH wmftm%mv$aJ jymif;ay;a&;onfvnf;
,ae@widk ;f jynf. vufiif;jy\em}uD;jzpfaeygonf?

6? tm%mv$aJ jymif;a&;ESiyhf wfoufI uGsEyfk w f @dk .oabmxm;rSm 1990 jynfEh pS /f ar (27)

&ufae@wiG u f si;f yaom ygwpD 'Hk rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyo JG nf Ekid if aH wmftcsKyftjcmtm
%m. rlvydik &f iS jf zpfaom jynfov l xl uk rdrw
d @dk . arG;&mygtcGit hf a&;tjzpfyidk q f idk xf m;aom
Ekid if aH wmftm%mudk rdrw d @dk u, kd pf m; tok;H ðycGiahf y;onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk
a&G;cs,jf cif;jzpf&m jynfov l x l u k ,H=k unfpmG a&G;cs,x f m;aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
rsm;/ jynfov l xl uk rdrwd @dk yikd qf idk x
f m;aom tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk =unfjzLpGmtoH;k ðycGiahf y;xm;
onfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;xHo@kd e0w ppftpk;d &u Ekid if aH wmftm%mudk tjrefq;Hk
v$t J yfay;&efrw S yg; tjcm;enf;vrf;r&Syd g? Ekid if aH wmftm%mwGif Oya'ðytm%m/ tkycf sKyfa&;tm
%mESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%mwk@d yg0ifonfjzpfI vlxx k rH S Ekid if aH wmftm%mv$t J yfjcif;cH&aom
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf zGŒJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'a&;qGcJ iG Ehf iS w hf ygwnf; wkid ;f jynf.
tkycf sKyfa&;,E &W m;tm;vk;H udk udik w f ,G af qmif&u G yf ikd cf iG &hf o
dS nf[k tav;teuf,=Hk unfygonf?

7? ,ae@u|Eyfk w f @dk qifEaGJ eaom 'Dru dk a&pDta&;awmfy}Hk uD;.yef;wkid o f nf wkid ;f jynfEiS v hf l

rsKd ;. tem*wfu=H urRmudk tmrcHcsuaf y;rnfh 'Dru kd a&pDxeG ;f um;+yD; wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tm;vk;H
Ekid if aH &;t& wef;wl&nfwt l cGit hf a&;&&So d nfh ppfreS af omjynfaxmifppk epfwnfaqmufa&;yif
jzpfonf? xk@d a=umifh u|Eyfk w f @dk .yef;wkid u f kd rsuaf jcjywfrcHbJ tm%mv$aJ jymif;&,l+yD;rS zGŒJ pnf;
yktajccHOya'udak &;qGo J nfjzpfap/ zGŒJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'a&;qG+J yD;rS tm%mv$aJ jymif;&,lonf
jzpfap/ topfa&;qGjJ yÏmef;rnfh Ekid if aH wmfzŒJG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'onf atmufygt*F g&yfrsm;ESihf
nD!w G af p&rnf[k av;eufpmG cH,x l m;ygonf?
(u) 'Dru kd a&pDEiS v hf Œl tcGithf a&;udk tjynft h 0 jyÏmef;umuG,&f rnf?
(c) jrefrmEkid if t H wGi;f &Sd wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsd K;tm;vk;H udk Ekid if aH &;t& wef;wl&nfwt l cGihf
ta&;&&Sad p&rnf?
(*) ppfreS af om jynfaxmifppk epfay:wGif tajccHaom Ekid if aH wmfzŒJG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'
jzpf&rnf//
(C) jynfaxmifpt k zGŒJ 0if jynfe,frsm;udk zGŒJ pnf;aomtcg yx0Dtaetxm;ay:tajc
cHI zGŒJ pnf;jcif;rjzpfapyJ/ vlrsd K;udt k ajccHaomjynfe,frsm;omjzpf&rnf? qkv d odk nf
rSm wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. trsKd ;om;jynfe,frsm;omjzpf&rnf?
(i) wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. trsKd ;om;jynfe,frsm;udk ud, k yf ikd jf yÏmef;cGihf Ekid if aH &;tm%m
381
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

tjynft h 0tyfEiS ;f xm;&rnf? qkv d o dk nfrmS jynfe,frsm;tm; Oya'ðytm%m/

tkycf sKyfa&;tm%mESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%mwk@d ukd tjynft h 0tyfEiS ;f xm;&rnf?
xk@d jyif wEkid if vH ;Hk twkid ;f twmjzifh aqmif&u G &f ef jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &tm; v$t J yf
xm;aom vkyyf ikd cf iG t hf m%mrsm;rSty ºuGi;f useaf om vkyyf ikd cf iG t hf m%m Re-
sidual Power rsm;udt k yfEiS ;f xm;&rnf?
(p) trsKd ;om;jynfe,frsm; wef;wl&nfwyl ;l aygi;f I jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &udzk ŒJG pnf;&rnf?
jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &tm; wEkid if v H ;Hk twkid ;f twmjzifh aqmif&u G &f rnfh Ekid if aH wmfum
uG,af &;/ aiGpuULESihf aiG'*F g;xkwv f yk af &;/ Ekid if jH cm;qufo,G af &;ESihf tjcm;,m,D
v$t J yfxm;aomvkyyf ikd cf iG t hf m%mrsm;udk tyfEiS ;f xm;&rnf? xk@d jyif Ekid if aH wmf
tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &Yomwnf&adS p&rnf?
(q) jynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfwiG f vlrsKd ;pkvw $ af wmf (txufvw $ af wmf) ESifh jynfoŒl v$wf
awmf (atmufvw $ af wmf) [lI v$waf wmfEpS &f yfxm;&S&d rnf/ vlrsKd ;pkvw $ af wmfwiG f
jynfe,frsm;rS v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,Of ;D a& tnDtr#apv$w=f u&rnf? od@k rmS om
wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsd K;rsm;. trdsK;om;jynfe,frsm;wef;wl&nfwyl ;l aygi;f aom jynf
axmifpq k o
dk nft h ESpo f m& ay:vGirf nf? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfwiG f vlO;D a&tcsKd ;tpm;
tvku d f v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk apv$w=f u&rnf?

8? 'Drudk a&pDxeG ;f um;+yD; wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; Ekid if aH &;t&wef;wl&nfwt l cGit hf a&;&
&So
d nfh ppfreS af omjynfaxmifppk epfukd wnfaqmufEidk rf o S m jynfwiG ;f ppfukd trSðD yI&Siof efaeaom
tm%m&Sipf epfcsKyf+ird ;f um 'Dru dk a&pDEiS vhf Œl tcGit
hf a&;yGiv
hf ef;aom acwfrEDS idk if aH wmfukd xlaxmif
Ekid rf nfjzpfa=umif; wifjyvku d af yonf?

“'Dru
dk a&pDEiS hf wef;wla&;wku
d yf JG rkcsatmif&rnf”
EdkifiHawmf_idrf0yfydjym;r+wnfaqmufa&;tzGJŒ. a-unmcsuf
382
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

a-unmcsufrSwf 1§90
1352 ckEpS /f 0gacgivf qef; 6 &uf?
1990 jynfEh pS /f Zlvikd v
f 27 &uf ?

1? jrefrmEdik if o H nf 1948 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v

D (4) &ufae@wiG f vH;k 0vGwv
f yfaom tcsKyftjcm
tm%mydik Ef ikd if jH zpfcohJ nf?

2? 1988 ckEpS tf wGi;f ta&;tcif;rsm;jzpfay: cJo h jzifh Edik if w

H 0Sr;f vH;k wGif tajctaet&yf
&yf,, kd iG ;f ysujf ym;cJo
h nf? xko d @kd ,d,
k iG ;f ysujf ym;cJo
h nfth ajctaet&yf&yfukd tcsed rf x D ed ;f odr;f
Edik &f eftwGuf jynfojl ynfom;tm;vH;k tusKd ;iSm wyfrawmfu Edik if aH wmf.tm%mt&yf&yfukd
vH;k 0wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? jynfoŒl v$waf wmftygt0if Edik if aH wmftm%mydik t f zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;udk zsuf
odr;f vsuf Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ udzk ŒJG pnf;um wm0ef}u;D (4) &yfukd aqmif
&Gurf nfjzpfa=umif;a=unm+yD; Edik if aH wmf.ta&;udpt P 00udk wm0ef,al qmif&u G cf o
hJ nf?

3? Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ onf Edik if aH wmftwGi;f +idr0f yfyjd ym;a&;/
w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;wd@k ukd xda&mufpmG xde;f odr;f Edik &f ef vdt
k yfaom
Oya'/ trde@f / a=unmcsu/f Oya'uJo h @kd tm%mwnfaomtrde@f rsm;udk xkwjf yefco hJ nf?

4? jynforl sm;.pm;0wfaea&;acsmifvnfap&ef yk*v ~ u

d / or0g,rESihf zufpyfvyk if ef;rsm;
vkyu
f ikd Ef ikd af p&eftwGuf t[ef@twm;jzpfapaom Oya'rsm;udyk ,fzsu+f yD; vdt k yfaomOya'/
trde@f / !¸e=f um;csu/f Oya'uJo h @kd tm%mwnfaom trde@f rsm;udv k nf; xkwjf yefvsuf vufawGŒ
taumiftxnfaz:aqmifvsu&f o dS nf? xkjd yif Edik if aH wmf.a&&Sntf usKd ;pD;yGm;;udak r#mrf eS ;f I vkyf
aqmifoifo h nfrsm;udvk nf; vkyaf qmifvsu&f o dS nf?

5? Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ onf Edik if w

H 0Sr;f vH;k wGif vrf;yef;qufo,
G rf _
vHòk caH csmarGŒap&efEiS hf wd;k wufaumif;rGeaf p&eftwGuf aqmif&u G o f ifo
h nfrsm;udv k nf; aqmif&uG f
vsu&f o dS nf?

6? Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ wyfrawmfonf rnfonfzh ŒJG pnf;yHt k ajccH

Oya'udrk # vdu k ef musio hf ;kH aomtzGŒJ tpnf;r[kwb
f J Edik if aH wmfukd rm&S,af vm (Martial Law)
jzift
h yk cf sKyfaeaom tzGŒJ tpnf;jzpfa=umif;/ Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ tpd;k &
onf ppftpd;k &tjzpftyk cf sKyfvsu&f adS =umif;ESihf ukvor*~tygt0if urBmEh ikd if t H oD;oD;rS vufcH
xm;onfh tpd;k &jzpfa=umif; tm;vH;k todyifjzpfonf?

383
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
7? Edik if w H umqufqaH &;ESiyhf wfoufI Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ onf
vGwv f yfIwufºuGaom Edik if jH cm;a&;0g'udu k sio hf ;kH rnfjzpfa=umif; a=unmcJ+h yD; Edik if t H oD;oD;ESihf
csp=f unfpmG qufqv H su&f o dS nf? Edik if t
H csi;f csi;f oHwrefqufqaH &; wd;k wufaumif;rGeaf p&ef
jrefrmEdik if &H dS rnfonfo h ±H ;kH udrk # ,cktcsed t f xdyw d yf ifjcif;r&Sbd J qufvufxm;&Scd iG ðhf y+y;D yHrk eS q f uf
qHaeonfeh nf;wl Edik if jH cm;wkid ;f jynfrsm;wGif jrefrmoH±;kH rsm;udv k nf; ±kyo
f rd ;f jcif;rðybJ qufvuf
zGiv
hf pS x
f m;&Su d m yHrk eS q f ufqv H su&f o
dS nft h jyif ,cifu oH±;kH r&Scd ahJ omEdik if w
H Edik if w
H iG f oH±;kH topf
w±H;k wk;d csŒJ zGiv hf pS cf o
hJ nf?

8? jrefrmEdik if o
H nf ukvor*~tzGŒJ 0ifEikd if jH zpfonfEiS t hf nD urBmEh ikd if aH &;udp&P yfrsm;ESihf
ukvor*~qikd &f mvkyif ef;wm0efrsm; aqmif&u G &f mwGif ukvor*~qikd &f mjrefrmoH±;kH onf jrefrm
Edik if .
H Edik if jH cm;a&;0g'udk wduspmG vdu k ef maqmif&u G v f su&f o dS nf? Edik if wH umESiq hf ufq&H mwGif
jrefrmEdik if o H nf +idr;f csr;f pGmtwl,OS w f aJG exdik af &;rlEiS t
hf nD vdu k ef musio hf ;kH vsu&f o
dS nf? xd@k jyif
jrefrmEdik if oH nf rdr. d vGwv f yfru
_ kd xde;f odr;f umuG,v f suf rdr. d jynfwiG ;f a&;wGif 0ifa&mufpu G zf uf
jcif;rsm;udv k nf; ukvor*~yÉdnmOfpmwrf;ESit hf nD vdu k ef musio hf ;kH vsu&f o
dS nf?

9? Edik if tH csi;f csi;f qufqaH &;ysujf ym;apr_uakd &Smif&mS ;&ef oHwreftcsKd Œ. oHwrefusi0hf wf
azmufzsurf r_ sm;udv k nf; oabmxm;}u;D pGmjzifh oHwreftrnfEiS hf Edik if t H rnfrsm;udk xkwaf zmfjcif;
rðybJ rdrw d @kd jynfwiG ;f a&;wGif 0ifa&mufpu G zf ufjcif;rðy&ef t}udr}f udraf jym=um;cJo
h nf? xd@k jyif
oHwrefenf;vrf;rsm;ESit hf nD oufqikd &f moH±;kH rsm;od@k vnf; ta=umif;=um;cJyh gonf? ,if;od@k
aqmif&u G jf cif;jzifh Edik if tH csi;f csi;f / tpd;k &tcsi;f csi;f qufqaH &;ysujf ym;aprnfh udp&P yfrsm;udk
a&Smif&mS ;Edik cf ahJ oma=umifh ,ae@xd rnfonfjh y\emr# ay:aygucf jhJ cif;r&Syd g? oHwreftcsKd Œ.
vky&f yfa=umifh rdrw d @kd tpd;k &tay: txiftjrifvrJG mS ;r_uv kd nf; oabmxm;}u;D pGmxm;I oHwref
enf;jzifo h m ajz&Si;f aqmif&u G cf o
hJ nf?

10? Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ (wyfrawmf) onf Edik if aH wmf.wm0efukd

,lco hJ nft
h csed rf pS I jynfaxmifprk òyduaJG &;/ wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf r_ òyduaJG &;/ tcsKyftjcm
tm%mwnfwchH ikd +f raJ &;wd@k ukd pG+J rpJ mG udik pf aJG qmif&u
G v
f su&f o
dS nf? wzufwiG v f nf; vufeufpu JG ikd f
qlyal omif;use;f olrsKd ;pHu k kd wyfrawmfom;rsm;. touf/ aoG;/ ac|; ajrmufrsm;pGm ay;vSLv#uf
xd;k ppf}uD;rsm;jzifah csre_ ;f cJo
h nfrmS tm;vH;k todyifjzpfonf? wyfrawmfonf Edik if aH &;tzGŒJ tpnf;
r[kwo f jzifh qlyal omif;use;f olrsm;ESihf Edik if aH &;enf;t& aphpyfaqG;aEG;jcif;udk ðyvkycf jhJ cif;r&Syd g?
od@k &mwGif vufeufuikd v f rf;pOfupkd e$ @f vw
$ I f tvif;0ifvmolrsm;udk aumif;rGepf mG vufcóH udqI kd
jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk tzGŒJ tpnf;jzifah qmif&u G vf su&f odS nf? Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yf
ydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ onf Edik if aH &;tpd;k &r[kwo f jzifh rnfonfv h ufeufuikd af omif;use;f
oltzGŒJ tpnf;ESirhf # Edik if aH &;t&aphpyfaqG;aEG;jcif;ðy&efta=umif;r&Sad y?

384
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
11? Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ (wyfrawmf) onf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxG
axGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f yEdik &f ef ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&SiOf ya'udk
jyÏmef;vsuf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Siu f kd zGŒJ pnf;ay;cJo h nf? a&G;aumufy0JG if
vdak omEdik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w kH ifEikd &f ef Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSwyf w
kH ifjcif;Oya'udk jyÏmef;cJo h nf? xd@k jyif
vGwv f yfIw&m;r#waom ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f yEdik &f ef jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
a&G;aumufyOJG ya'udv k nf; jyÏmef;ay;cJo h nf?
12? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyJG Oya' yk'rf 3 wGif “v$waf wmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESihf
tnD a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufvu kd af om v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zGŒJ pnf;&rnf” [lI jyÏmef;
yg&o dS nf? ,if;jyÏmef;csuEf iS t hf nD v$waf wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;jcif;udk Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnf
aqmufa&;tzGŒJ uaqmif&u G af y;rnf? xko d @kd vw
$ af wmfac:,lEikd &f eftwGuf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxG
axGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siu f aqmif&u G &f efupd &P yfrsm;/ a&G;aumufyw JG iG f ud,k pf m;vS,f
ta&G;cH&onfyh gwrD sm;ESihf a&G;aumufyw JG iG f ta&G;cH&onfyh *k Kd~ vrf sm;u aqmif&u G &f efupd &P yfrsm;udk
Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ESit hf nD aqmif&u G x f m;=u&ef tcgtm;avsmpf mG owif;xkwf jyefa&;tzGŒJ u
&Si;f vif;cJ+h yD;jzpfonf?
13? ,ae@ ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usi;f y+yD;onfah emufyikd ;f wGif v$waf wmf
ac:,la&;/ t%mv$aJ jymif;a&;udprP sm;ESiphf yfvsO;f I pmapmifrsm;xkwaf 0aejcif;/ aqG;aEG;jiif;cHk
aejcif;/ jynfytoHvi$ Xhf mersm;rS a&SŒaqmifvrf;jyvkyjf cif;/ aoG;xd;k vHŒ_ aqmfjcif;/ w&m;r0ifpm&Guf
pmwrf;rsm;xkwaf 0jcif;rsm; ðyvkyaf e=uonf?
14? v$waf wmfac:,la&;ESiyhf wfoufI txufwiG f &Si;f vif;az: jycJ+h y;D jzpfonf? tm%mv$J
ajymif;a&;udpEP iS phf yfvsO;f I Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ OuUÏu wdik ;f rª;rsm;/ wyfr
rª;rsm;/ jynfe,fEiS w hf ikd ;f +idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ OuUÏrsm;tm; tcgtm;avsmpf mG ajym
=um;cJo h nfrh ed @f ceG ;f rsm;wGif !¸ejf ycJ+h y;D jzpfonf? Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ / twGi;f
a&;rª; (1) taejzifv h nf; 1990 jynfEh pS /f Zlvikd v f 13 &ufae@wiG f usi;f yonfh (100) }udraf jrmuf
owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGYJ wdwv d if;vif;ajymqdck +hJ yD;jzpfonf?

15? Ekid if aH &;tzGŒJ tpnf;w&yfonf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfw&yfay:ayguv f m±Hjk zifh Oya'ðyr_
tm%m/ pDrcH ef@crJG t _ m%mESihf w&m;pD&ifrt _ m%m[laom tcsKyftcsmtm%moH;k &yfukd tvdk
tavsmufr&&Sb d J tajccHOya'w&yftay:tajcðyIom&,lEikd af =umif; txl;&Si;f vif;&efvrkd nfr
[kwyf g? 1947 ckEpS /f zGŒJ pnf;tkycf sKyfytkH ajccHOya'onf 1947 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv 24 &ufae@wiG f
wkid ;f jynfðyv$waf wmfuvufcI H Oya'tjzpftwnfðycJo h nf? od@k aomf xktd ajccHOya'tm%m
wnf+y;D trSew f u,ftusKd ;oufa&mufonfrmS jrefrmEdik if H vH;k 0vGwv f yfaom tcsKyftjcmtm
%mydik Ef ikd if aH wmfjzpfa=umif; a=unmonfh 1948 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (4) &ufae@wiG rf S jzpfonfukd
Oya'a=umif;t& xif&mS ;awGŒEdik o f nf? Edik if w
H ck. zGŒJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'w&yfonf vGwv f yfa&;
r&rDa&;om;xm;onfh Oya'ESihf vGwv f yfa&;&So K
d nfah emufrS a&;om;onfOh ya'[lI ESprf sKd ;&So d nf?
385
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

vGwv f yfa&;&&Scd =hJ uonfh urBmEh ikd if t H oD;oD;wGif tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk vufqyk v f ufuikd &f +yD;
rSom wkid ;f jynfðyv$waf wmfac:,lI zGŒJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udak &;qG=J uonfh tpOftvm&So d nf//
jrefrmEkid if wH iG rf l wkid ;f jynfðyv$waf wmfwiG f zGŒJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'udak &;qG+J y;D rS vGwv f yfa&;a=unm
cJ&h onf? xdo k @kd aqmif&u G cf jhJ cif;onf xdt
k csed u
f Edik if aH cgi;f aqmifrsm;taejzifh +Adwo d #w@kd xrH S
+ird ;f csr;f aomenf;jzifh vGwv f yfa&;udk tjref&,lvakd omqENa=umifh aqmif&u G cf jhJ cif;jzpfa=umif;rSm
xif&mS ;onf?

16? 1974 ckEpS /f tajccHOya'udak vhvmygu vGwv f yfa&;&&S+d y;D aemuf a&;qGjJ cif;jzpf+y;D jynf
olŒqENc,
H yl jJG zifh jyÏmef;cJah omOya'jzpfonfukd rnforl # jiif;qdjk cif;ðyEdik rf nfr[kwyf g?

17? 1947 ckEpS /f zGŒJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'onf vGwv f yfa&;r&rDa&;qGo

J nfh Oya'jzpf+y;D
1974 ckEpS /f zGŒJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'onf vGwv f yfa&;&+yD;rSa&;qGo
J nfh tajccHOya'jzpfa=umif;
uGmjcm;csuu f kd txl;owdðy=u&efvo kd nf?

18? ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf =hJ uonfh Edik if aH &;ygwD
trsm;pk.qENrmS zGŒJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'opfa&;qGaJ &;jzpfa=umif; ,if;wd@k .oabmxm;a=unm
csurf sm;t&od&EdS ikd o f nf? 1974 ckEpS f zGŒJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'a&;qGpJ Ofu wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;
ta&;ESiyhf wfoufI yifvn kH v
D mcHwiG f &Sr;f / ucsi/f csi;f vlrsKd ;pkrsm;ESio
hf m aqG;aEG;!SEd i_d ;f cJ+h yD; rGe/f
&cdik f paomvlrsKd ;rsm;ESihf aqG;aEG;!dES i_d ;f r_r&Sad =umif;awGŒ=u&rnfjzpfonf? ,ae@jrefrmEdik if w H iG f
Edik if aH &;t& Ed;k =um;vmaom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;trsm;tjym;&S&d m 4if;wd@k .qENoabmrsm;udk
!SEd i_d ;f &,l+yD; cdik rf monfzh ŒJG pnf;yHtk ajccHOya'opfw&yf a&;qGjJ yÏmef;&ef txl;vdt k yfaea=umif;
xif&mS ;aeonf?

19? EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJŒonf ppftpdk;&w&yfjzpfonfESifhtnD

rm&S,af vm (Martial Law) Oya'udk udik pf u JG sio hf ;kH aeonfh tpd;k &jzpfonf? xdo k @kd jzpfonfEiS thf nD
jrefrmEdik if tH m; atmufygtm%moH;k &yfjzifh usio f ;kH vsu&f o dS nf?
(u) Oya'ðyr_tm%m ? ? EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJŒuom
usio hf ;kH ydik cf iG &hf o
dS nf?
(c) pDrcH ef@crJG t _ m%m ? ? Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ u usio hf ;kH
ydik cf iG &hf o
dS nf? od@k &mwGif ,if;tm%mudk tpd;k &tzGŒJ ESiw hf uG jynfe,f/ wkid ;f / òrŒd e,f
pk/ òrŒd e,f/ &yfuu G /f aus;&Gmtkypf k +ird 0f ydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ tqifq h ift h m;
cGaJ 0vsuf pDrcH ef@caJG &;udp&P yfrsm;udk pkaygi;f acgi;f aqmifrj_ zifh wm0efay;aqmif&u G f
apvsu&f o dS nf? ,if;od@k aqmif&u G af pjcif;rSm zGŒJ pnf;yHtk ajccHOya'ESit hf nD ay:
ayguv f mrnfh tpd;k &vufxufwiG f 0efxrf;rsm;onf Xmeqdik &f mvkyif ef;rsm;udk Edik if H
386
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a&;ygwrD sm;ESiu hf if;&Si;f pGmaqmif&u

G Ef ikd af p&ef avhusiahf qmif&u
G af y;aejcif;jzpf
onf?
(*) w&m;pD&ifrt _ m%m ? ? Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ u usif
oHk;ydkifcGifh&Sdonf? odk@&mwGif zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'ay:aygufvmonfhtcsdefwGif
tavhtusi&hf ap&ef omref&mZ0wfrE_ iS w hf &m;rr_ ponfrsm;udk w&m;±H;k tqifh
qifzh ŒJG pnf;+yD; ppfaq;pD&ifapvsu&f o dS nf?

20? xdak =umifh ,ae@tajctaewGif jynforl sm;u a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvu kd af om ud,k f

pm;vS,rf sm;onf tem*wf'rD u kd a&pDEikd if aH wmfzŒJG pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'udk a&;qG&J efwm0ef&o dS nfh
yk*Kd~ vfrsm;jzpfonf?

21? Edik if aH wmftm%m&,la&;twGuf ,m,DzŒJG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'a&;qGI J tpd;k &zGŒJ pnf;jcif;

udk rnfonfeh nf;ESirhf # vufcEH ikd rf nfr[kwo f nft h jyif xdo k @kd aqmif&u G yf gu Oya'ESit hf nD xda&muf
pGmta&;,lrnfjzpfa=umif;ESihf jynfoŒl qENEiS t hf nD cdik rf maomzGŒJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'opfw&yft&
ay:ayguvf mrnft h pd;k &w&yf rzG@J pnf;rD=um;umvwGif Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;
tzGŒJ (wyfrawmf) taejzifh -
(u) jynfaxmifprk òyduaJG &;/ wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf r_ òyduaJG &;/ tcsKyftjcmtm
%mwnfwcH ikd +f rJa&;[lonfh ta&;oH;k yg;?
(c) Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ a=unmcsut f rSwf 1§88 wGiyf g&adS om
w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESihf e,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&;/ vrf;yef;qufo, G rf _ vHòk cHacsm
arGŒapa&;/ jynforl sm;.pm;0wfaea&;acsmifvnfapa&;ESihf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxG
axGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&; ponfv h yk if ef;wm0ef}u;D (4) &yfteuf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD
taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;wm0efrt S yjzpfaom vkyif ef;wm0ef}u;D (3)&yfEiS hf
(*) jrefrmEdik if t H wGi;f &Sd wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;tm;vH;k . zGŒH òzd;wd;k wufa&;twGuf aqmif
&Gu&f ef vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;udk tav;*±kðyumuG,af pmifah &SmufomG ;rnfjzpfa=umif;
a=unmvdu k o f nf?

387
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trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf
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ae@pGJ - 1352 ckEpS /f 0gacgiv f qef; (7§8)&uf
1990 jy!fEh pS /f Zlvikd vf (28§29)

1? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJGŒcsKyfrS/ jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpf=uukefaom
u|Eyfk wf @kd onf jrefrmouU&mZf 1352 ckEpS /f 0gacgiv f qef; (7) &ufEiS hf (8) &uf/ (1990 jy!fEh pS /f
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pka0;a&muf&=Sd u+yD;/ wdik ;f &if;om;. jynfow l &yfv;kH .tusK;d iSm/ Edik if aH wmfa&;&m tjzmjzmESihf
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:qdzk ŒGJ pnf;a&;udpt P 00wd@k ukd aqG;aEG;!dE‡ i_d ;f wdik yf if=u+yD; oumv/ wnD
w!Gww f nf;qH;k jzwfum T “*ENcD ef;ra=unmpmwrf;” udk xkwjf yefa=unmvdu k =f uayonf?

2? jrefrf mEdik if w
H iG f ESpaf ygi;f (30) twGi;f / yxrqH;k t}udrt f jzpf 1990jy!fEh pS /f arv (27)
&ufae@Yusi;f ycJah om ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}GJ u;D wGif jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;
vS,af e&m (485) ae&mtwGuu f si;f yay;cJ&h mY/ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJŒG csKyo f nf trsm;jynfov l l
xk}uD;. wcJeufaomaxmufcrH w _ @kd jzifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af e&m (392) ae&mwGif
tEdik &f &dcS ahJ yonf? od@k &mwGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyfonf urBm'h rD u kd a&pDEikd if rH sm;. usix hf ;kH
rsm;twdik ;f zJŒG pnf;&r!ft h pd;k &w&yfukd cdik rf mpGmzJ@G pnf;Edik af vmufo!fh xuf0ufausmjf ynfoŒl
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f iftm;xuf ausmv f eG ±f rkH #ru/ v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f a&twGu. f
&mcdik Ef e_ ;f (80) ausmt f xd/ vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm;tEdik &f &dcS o hJ jzifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmftm; OD;aqmifEikd f
aomtaetxm;udk tcdik t f rm&&dx S m;+yD;jzpfayonf?

3? ,cktcg ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}GJ uD;udk atmifjrifpmG usi;f y+yD;cJ+h yDjzpfay

onf? taxGaxGa&G;aumufy}GJ uD;+yD;v#if jynfoŒl v$waf wmfukd ra&S;raESmif;umvY tjrefq;kH zJŒG
pnf;ay;&rnfrmS "rRwmyifjzpfayonf? jynfov l x
l u
k vnf; Ttwdik ;f ar#mv f ifah e=uayonf?
od@k aomf a&G;aumufy}GJ uD;+yD;I &ufaygi;f (60) =umvmo!fw h ikd af tmif jynfo h Œl v$waf wmfukd
rzJŒG pnf;&ao;ay?
a&G;aumufyw GJ iG f vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm; trsm;pktEdik &f &dx
S m;aom trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJŒG
csKyfonf Edik if aH wmftwGuf avmavmq,ftusK;d pD;yGm;ESihf a&&Snt f em*wfumvtusK;d pDymG ;
rsm;udt k ajccHxm;I/ wpfrsK;d om;vH;k jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;pdw"f mwfjzifh yGi;f vif;aom/ ±d;k om;aom/
apwemtjy!fyh gaom ESpOf ;D ESpzf uf!E‡d i_d ;f aqG;aEG;aqmif&u G rf r_ sm;ðyvkyo f mG ;&ef Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyd
jym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzJŒG od@k trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJŒG csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzJŒG rS tqdðk y
csuu f vkd nf; Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzJŒG u wpHw k &mta=umif;jyef=um;jcif; r&dcS hJ
ao;ay?
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xrf;rsm;tygt0ifjzpfaom wdik ;f &ifom;jynfov l xl }k u;D onf Edik if aH wmfwiG f 'Dru
kd a&pDtcGit
hf a&;
rsm;uef@owfcx H m;r_@a=umifh vuf&rSd suaf rSmufðyae&aom pm;0wfaea&;=uyfwnf;r/_ pd;k &drx f w
d f
vef@ae&r_EiS hf aomuAsmyg'ab;rSuif;v$waf &;wd@k twGuf 'Dru kd a&pDtyk cf sKyfa&;pepfukd tjrefq;kH
ul;ajymif;a&muf&&Sd ef qENjyif;jyv#u&f aSd eayonf?

5? 'Dru kd a&pDpepfuu kd sio

hf ;kH o!fh ,Ofaus;aomvlŒtzJŒG tpnf;wdik ;f / Edik if w H ikd ;f wGif jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfukd tjrifq h ;kH aomr¾dKif}uD;w&yftjzpf jynfow l &yfv;kH u tav;tjrwfðyxm;jcif;
tm;jzifh Edik if *H %k u
f suof a&udk jri‡ w hf if=up+rjJ zpfayonf? u|Eykf w
f @kd jrefrmEdik if w
H iG v f nf; 'Dru kd a&pD
jynfoŒl v$waf wmf}u;D w&yf iGm;iGm;pGiphf iG hf wnf&aSd erSom usuo f a&r*Fvmxnf0gjy!fph +kH y;D / urBmh
tv,fwiG f av;pm;cHxu kd af om *k%t f *F gtaygi;f jzifh wifw
h ,fayrnf[k u|Eykf w f @kd u tav;t
euf,=kH unf=uayonf?

6? ,ae@ jynfow l @kd &ifqikd af e&aom Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &; paomt=uyftwnf;rsm;
onf jynfow l @kd u ,H=k unfu;kd pm;pGm a&G;cs,w f ifajrm‡ ufvu kd o
f !fh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
rsm;jzifzh ŒGJ pnf;aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfuom OD;aqmifI jynfoŒl qENEiS t hf nD ajz&Si;f tyfayonf?
od‹k jzpf&m/ jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOGJ ya' tcef; (2)/ yk'rf (3) Y jyÏmef;xm;aom
“v$waf wmfukd rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESit hf nD a&G;aumufwifajrm‡ ufvu kd af om v$waf wmfu, kd f
pm;vS,rf sm;jzifzh @GJ pnf;&rnf” [laomjyÏmef;csuEf iS t hf nD jynfoŒl v$waf wmfukd tjrefq;kH ac:,l
zJŒG pnf;ay;&ef ta&;w}uD;vdt k yfaeayonf?

7? jynfo@l vw $ af wmfzŒGJ pnf;a&;onf wm0ef&=Sd uukeaf om oufqikd &f mrsm;tzd@k / w&m;Oya'

t&vnf;aumif;/ usi0hf wft&vnf;aumif;/ ysuu f u G jf cif;iSmvH;k 0rjzpfEikd o
f !ft
h jyif/ jzpfay:ae
aom jynfow l @kd .qENEiS hf wdik ;f jynf.tusyt
f wnf; tajctaet&yf&yfw@kd ukd axmufxm;ygv#if
vnf;/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,lzŒGJ pnf;a&;udk ysuu
f u G jf cif;iSm vH;k 0roifah v#m/f ysuu f u G jf cif;iSm
vH;k 0rxdu
k [ f k u|Eykf w f @kd c,
H al yonf?

8? od@k jzpf&um; jynfoŒl v$waf wmfukd tjrefq;kH rjzpfrae arG;zGm;oef@pifay;&ayawmhrnf?

jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOGJ ya' tcef; (1) yk'rf 2 (u) wGif “v$waf wmfqo kd nfrmS jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfuq kd o
kd nf” [kjyÏmef;xm;csut f &/ ,ckay:ayguv f mr!fh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfonf
wdik ;f ðyjynfðyv$waf wmfr[kwaf =umif;udv k nf; u|Eykf wf @kd tav;teufc, H xl m;ayonf?
Oya'ESihf tnDjzpftyfaom tm%m (od@k wnf;r[kw)f Oya'ESit hf nDjzpftyfaom tm
%mv$Jajymif;a&;udpPwdk@ESifhywfoufI zGJŒpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'w&yfudk trsKd;om;'Drdku
a&pDtzJŒG csKyfrS toifah &;qJx G m;&d+S yD;jzpfa=umif; od&&Sd I u|Eykf wf @kd uóudqakd yonf?
tqdyk g 1990 jy!fEh pS f ,m,DzŒGJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya' (rl=urf;) udk trsK;d om;'Dru
kd
a&pDtzJŒG csKyftaejzifh tjcm;tzJŒG tpnf;toD;oD;ESihf !dE‡ i_d ;f aqG;aEG;r!ft h pDtpOfuv kd nf; u|Eykf f
wd@k uaxmufcaH yonf?
T,m,DzŒGJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'tm;jzif/h Oya'ESit hf nDtm%mv$aJ jymif;a&;udk
389
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jzpfajrmuftyfonf[k u|Eykf w
f @kd u wnDw!Gww
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9? xd@k aemuf'rD u kd a&pDjynfaxmifpo k pftwGu&f nfoefaom zJŒG pnf;tkycf sKyyf t kH ajccH Oya'
opfukd u|Eyfk w f @kd yg0ifaom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfuomv#if a&;qJjG yÏmef;twnfðy&ef wm0ef&aSd y
onf? u|Eykf w f @kd uvnf; xdw k m0efux kd rf;aqmifaomtcgY us,jf yef@pmG ndE‡ i_d ;f aqmif&u G o f mG ;=u
rnfjzpfayonf?
od@k aomf jynfoŒl v$waf wmf.tm%mtyfEiS ;f r_r&db S /J jynfoŒl v$waf wmf. tm%mpuf
r&dbS /J jynfoŒl v$waf wmf. taqmifta,mif t&deS t f 0gr&db S /J jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu twnfðyjy
Ïmef;jcif;r&db
S /J jynfoŒl v$waf wmfrt S y tjcm;rnfo!fah e&m/ rnfo!ft h csed Yf rqd/k zJ@G pnf;tkyf
csKyfyt
kH ajccHOya'udk a&;qJcG iG v hf nf;r&/dS jyÏmef;twnfðycGiv hf nf;r&d/S Tod@k a&;qJ=G urnfqv kd #if
v$waf wmftm%mpufr&do S jzif/h Oya'tm%mpufvnf;&dv S rd rhf nfr[kwaf y? Tvrf;a=umif
twdik ;f aqmif&u G rf o_ nf oduyQ if&v Sd rd rhf nfr[kw[ f k u|Eykf w
f @kd ,q l onf?
xd@k a=umifh jynfov l x
l v k v
kd m;awmifw h aeaom 'Dru kd a&pDjynfaxmifpo k pf}u;D xlaxmif
&eftwGuf &nfoefaom zJŒG pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'topfa&;qG&J eftvd@k imS yif/ jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfukd apmv#ipf mG ac:,lzŒGJ pnf;&ef txl;vdt k yfa=umif;rSmxif&mS ;ayonf?

10? Tae&mwGif 'Dru kd a&pDtpd;k &ray:aygurf u D mvwav#muf rvJrG aoG/ ra&SmifrvGo J m

ay:aygurf !fh 'Dru kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;rsm;jy\emudv k nf; acsmarmpGmudik w f ,
G af jz&Si;f =u&vdr[ hf k
u|Eykf w f @kd oabm&&daS yonf?
'Dru kd a&pDtpd;k &ay:xGe;f o!ft h cgusro S m 'Dru kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;awG&&daS p/ Tod@k ray:
xGe;f rDumvYrl 'Dru kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;rsm; qdwo f ek ;f aeapqdo k !fh tjzpfrsK;d um; vH;k 0rvdv k m;tyf
ay?
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tulðy jzpfxeG ;f oGm;vdr@f rnf[k u|Eykf w f @kd ,=kH unfayonf? 'Drakd &pDtajctaersm;&dyS grv S nf; jynfol
vkxo k nf wxdwx f wd wf vef@vef@EiS hf us;D vef@pmpm;ae&aom Asmyg'ab;wd@k rS uif;a0;=uonf
jzpfI ud, k pf wd Ef pS yf g;csr;f omum 'Dru kd a&pDjynfaxmifpo k pfxal xmifa&;udk wufnv D ufnD ud, k pf D
todpw d "f mwfjzifh aqmif&u G o f mG ;Edik =f uygrnf?
Tumvrsm;twGi;f trsm;jynfov l xl t k wGuf tedrq hf ;kH tm;jzifh cHpm;xdu k af om vGwf
vyfpmG a&;om;ykEH ydS x f wk af 0cGi/hf vGwv f yfpmG ,lqwifjycGiw hf @kd onf pnfyifae&ygrnf? jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfwiG f tpd;k &w&yfukd vGwv f w G u f |wu f |wzf ŒGJ pnf;Edik af vmufatmif v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm; trsm;pk&&dx S m;aom trsKo d m;'Dru kd a&pDtzJŒG csKyu f , kd w f ikd u
f tedrq hf ;kH 'Dru kd a&pD
tcGit hf a&;wd@k uykd if qH;k ±H;_ tepfemcHae&onf[q k v kd #if jzpf±;kd jzpfpOf Edik if aH &;obm0,kwrdW sm;ESihf
vH;k 0zDvmjzpfaeayrnf? jynfov l x l t k jrif/ urBmt h jrifw@kd Y tvGew f &mrS tusn;f wefaernfrmS
aocsmayonf?
u|Eykf wf @kd onf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG u;D rSwqif/h rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l . k
390
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

qENtqH;k tjzwfukd &,lxm;olrsm;jzpfI xdo k bm0ESiv hf u kd af v#mnDaxGpmG / oifw

h ifah v#mufywf
aom tqift h wef;udk &&d=S u&ayrnf? ,kwpf t
G qH;k u|Eykf w
f @kd tm; taESmift
h ,Su/f t[ef@twm;
+cdr;f ajcmufrw_ @kd rS uif;a0;ap&ygrnf?

11? avmavmq,ftajctaet& u|Eyfk w f @kd Eikd if wH iG f wygwpD epfrS ygwpD 'kH rD u

kd a&pDpepfo@kd
ul;ajymif;&rnfjzpfojzifh ajz&Si;f aqmif&u G =f u&r!fh tusyt f wnf; / tcuftcJjy\emrsm; &Srd nf
udk uGsEkfyfwkd@aumif;pGmowdrlrd=uayonf? ,if;jy\emrsm;/ tcuftcJtusyftwnf;rsm;
udv k nf; 'Dru kd a&pDtajccHw&m;rsm;udk rxdyg;rysu, f iG ;f apbJ/ trdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEiS hf
Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ wd@k onf wrsK;d om;vH;k jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&; OD;wnfcsuf
jzifh ±k;d om;r_/ yGiv hf if;r_/ tjyeftvSeaf v;pm;r_w@kd ukd tajccHum awGŒqHak qG;aEG;tajz&Smjcif;tm;
jzifh rkcsajz&Si;f Edik &f rnf[k u|Eyfk w f @kd arsmv f if=h uayonf?
,ae@urBmwGif tvGe±f y_ af xG;eufev J aS om vlom;tm;vH;k udyk suðf yef;apr!fh t%kjrL
ppfy}JG uD;tE &W m,fuykd if awGŒqHak qG;aEG;tajz&Smjcif;enf;jzifh ,ae@tcsed t f xd [ef@wm;xm;Edik f
cJ+h yjD zpf&m u|Eyfk w f @kd Eikd if w
H iG f tcsi;f csi;f jzpfymG ;ae&aom jy\em[lor#onfvnf; rsuEf mS csi;f qdik f
awGŒqHak qG;aEG;jcif;jzifh acsmarmajyvnf&rnf[k u|Eyfk w f @kd ,=Hk unfayonf? ,if;ok@d awGq&Hk mwGif
1? yGiv hf if;±d;k om;r_EiS hf tjyeftvSeaf v;pm;vku d ef ma&;rl/
2? wrsK;d om;vH;k jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;rl/
3? +idr;f csr;f acsmarG@aomenf;udk toH;k csa&;rl/
4? tmCmwuif;pifaom taxGaxGo[Zmwjzpfru _ kd a&S;±_a&;rl/
æ ponfw@kd ukd udik q f &JG rnf[v k nf; u|Eykf w f @kd c,
H al yonf?

12? jynfo@l u, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh yg0ifzŒJG pnf;o!fh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfukd ac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef
awmif;qdyk ikd cf iG rhf mS jynfov l xl .k ajccHrt l usq;kH aom w&m;0ifyikd cf iG w hf &yfjzpfayonf? ,if;ydik cf iG hf
udk awmif;qd&k ef jynfoŒl ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uukeaf om u|Eykf w f @kd Y wm0ef&adS yonf?

13? od@k jzpf&um; jynfov l x l }k u;D .qENEiS t fh nD jynfoŒl v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya' tcef;
(2)/ yk'rf - 3 t&vnfaumif;/ 'Dru kd a&pDpepf.tESpo f m&rsm;t&vnf;aumif;/ Edik if w H um
usix hf ;kH usiehf nf;rsm;ESihf avsmn f pD mG vnf;aumif; 1990 jy!fEh pS /f pufwifbmvtwGi;f jynfoŒl
v$waf wmfukd ac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&ef trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;
jzpf=uukeaf om u|Eykf w f @kd u Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ tm; Tae@T&ufrpS I
wnDw!Gww f nf;awmif;qdv k u kd +f yDjzpfa=umif; a=unmtyfayonf?

trsK;d om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfjynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;
r[wWr*ENcD ef;raqmif
Adv
k af tmifausmv f rf;/ &efuek òf rdŒ?

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. vufiif;EdkifiHa&;tajctaersm;ESifh pyfvsOf;I 391

 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyfESifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyfwdk‹.
oabmxm;a-unmcsuf

Adkvfatmifausmfvrf;yl;wGJa-unmcsuftrSwf(1)

1352 ckEpS /f awmfovif;vqef; (10)&uf?

1990 jy!fEh pS /f =o*kwv
f (29)&uf?

1? ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Siw f iG f w&m;0if rSwyf wkH ifzŒJG
pnf;xm;aom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. Edik if aH &;ygwD (21) ygwD (aemufqufwpJG m&if;wGi±f )_ udk
pkpnf; xlaxmifxm;o!fh jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;. vlrsKd ;pka&;&m
rl0g'aumfrwDEiS hf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzGŒJ . ud, k pf m;vS,t f zGŒJ
onf 1990 jy!fEh pS /f Zlvikd v f (5)&ufae@wiG f &efuek òf rŒd ausmufww H m;òrŒd e,f/ Adv k af tmifausmv f rf;
&dS jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (XmecsKyf)±H;k Y y%mrndE‡ i_d ;f aqG;aEG;yGJ
usi;f ycJ=h uygonf?

2? ,if;y%mr!‡Ed i_d ;f aqG;aEG;yGrJ S oabmwlncD sut f & jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;
Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;. vlrsKd ;pka&;&mrl0g'aumfrwDEiS hf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_
aqmiftzGŒJ . yxrqH;k t}udrf pHn k tD pnf;ta0;udk 1990 jy!fEh pS /f Zlvikd v f (12) &ufae@wiG f &ef
ukeòf rdŒ/ A[ef;òrdŒe,f/ a&$*w kH ikd v
f rf;&dS trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ XmecsKyf±;Hk Y usi;f ycJyh gonf?

3? ,if;pHnk aD qG;aEG;yGrJ S oabmwlncD sut f & jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; 'Dru
kd a&pD
tzGŒJ csKyf qufo, G nf E‡d i_d ;f a&;ud, k pf m;vS,t f zGŒJ ESihf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf A[dt k vkyt f r_
aqmiftzGŒJ . ud, k pf m;vS,t f zGŒJ (tzGŒJ csKy.
f vlrsKd ;pkqikd &f mtzGŒJ ) onf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf
.vufiif;Edik if aH &;jy\emrsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f I yHrk eS af qG;aEG;yGrJ sm;udk (3)}udrf qufvufusi;f ycJ=h u
ygonf?

4? ,if;yHrk eS af qG;aEG;yGrJ sm;rS ndE‡ i_d ;f oabmwlncD surf sm;teuf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf
. avmavmq,fEiS hf a&&Snt f usKd ;pDymG ;wd@k ukd a&Sα_v#u/f ESpOf ;D ESpb
f uf wlnaD omoabmxm;rsm;
udk atmufygtwdik ;f yl;wGaJ =unmtyfygonf?
(u) 1990 jy!fEh pS /f ZGev f (29) &ufrS Zlvikd v f (1) &ufae@txd &efuek òf rŒd / r[mAE<Kvvrf;&d/S

392
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

0dik tf rfpaD tcef;rwGif usi;f ycJah om 'kw, d t}udrf jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pD
tzGŒJ csKyf obmywdpn kH t D pnf;ta0;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; Edik if aH &;ygwaD ygi;f pHk 'kw, d t}urd f
tpnf;ta0;rS vufiif;&ifqikd af e&aom Edik if aH &;jy\emqdik &f m qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;ESihf 1990 jy!fEh pS /f
Zlvikd v f (28) &ufEiS hf (29) &ufae@u &efuek òf rŒd Adv k af tmifausmv f rf;/ *EDcN ef;raqmifwiG f usi;f ycJh
aom trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf A[dOk ;D pD;tzGŒJ ESihf tzGŒJ csKyf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;.
yxrt}udrf y%mr!dE‡ i_d ;f tpnf;ta0;rS wnDw!Gww f nf; twnfðycJo h !fh qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;
onf woabmwnf;&daS =umif; xkwaf zmf=uygonf? ‚if;qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;rSm -
(1) usi;f y+yD;pD;cJah om ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyt JG +yD; jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
a&G;aumufyJG Oya'tcef; (2) yk'rf (3) t& jynfoŒl v$waf wmfukd 1990 jy!fEh pS /f
pufwifbmvtwGif; ac:,lzGJŒpnf;a&;twGuf EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnf
aqmufa&;tzGŒJ od@k awmifqakd =umif;?
(2) ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm; trsm;pk tEdik &f &dcS ahJ om
trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. tm%mydik u f , kd pf m;vS,t f zGŒJ ESihf e0wtm%mydik f
ud, k pf m;vS,t f zGŒJ wk@d tjrefq;kH awGŒqH! k E‡d i_d ;f a&;twGuf wdu k w f eG ;f a=umif;?
(3) jrefrmEdik if . H avmavmq,f tudsK;pD;yGm;ESihf a&&Snt f em*wf tusKd ;pD;yGm;rsm;udk
a&SŒ±_I trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyfOuUÏ OD;wifOD;/ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;
a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS w hf uG Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;tm;vH;k vGwaf jrmufa&;udk apm
v#ipf mG aqmif&u G af y;&ef Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ od@k wdu k f
wGe;f a=umif;?
(4) 'Dru kd a&pDtcGiahf &;rsm;&&Sad &;ESihf jynfoŒl vGwv f yfciG hf uef@owfxm;r_rsm;udk ±kyo f rd ;f
ay;a&;twGuf Edik if aH wmfjirf0yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ od@k awmif;qdak =umif;?
txufygq;kH jzwfcsurf sm;udk tjrefq;kH taumiftxnfaz:&ef Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_
wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ odŒk jynfaxmifpw k ikd &f if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEiS hf trdsK;om;'Drkd
ua&pDtzGŒJ csKyfwŒkd u xyfavmif;wdu k w f eG ;f onf?
(c) jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ay:ayguv f m+y;D v#if jynfoŒl v$waf wmfuwifajrm‡ ufaom tpd;k &
zGŒJ pnf;+yD;v#if tjrefq;kH aomumvtwGi;f jynfoŒl v$waf wmf. OD;aqmifrj_ zifh wdik ;f &if;om;vl
rsKd ;rsm;ESihf yg0ifoifyh g0ifxu kd af omtzGŒJ tpnf;rsm; vly*k Kd~ vfrsm;yg0ifo!fh trdsK;om;!‡Ed i_d ;f r_nv D m
cH}u;D w&yfusi;f yI jynfaxmifpx k al xmifa&;twGuf vrf;!¸erf r_ sm;csrw S rf nf? ,if;vrf;!¸erf r_ sm;
ESit hf nD jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu a&&Snw f nfwchH ikd +f rJr!fh zGŒJ pnf;tkycf sLyfyt kH ajccHOya'opfw&yfukd
a&;qGjJ yÏmef; twnfðy&rnf[k jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsd K;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEiS hf trsKd ;
om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfwŒkd u wnDw!Gww f nf;oabmwl=uonf?
(*) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsd K;rsm;onf vlrsKd ;a&;wef;wlnrD #r/_ Edik if aH &;wef;wlnrD #rE_ iS hf ud, k yf ikd f
jyÏmef;cGihf tjy!ft h 0&Sad p&r!ft h jyif/ 'Dru kd a&pDEiS v hf Œl tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk tmrcHcsu&f adS om jynf
axmifpu k kd wdik ;f &if;om;tm;vH;k aoG;pnf;nD!w G pf mG xlaxmif&efvt kd yfa=umif;/ jynfaxmifpk
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyEf iS hf trdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyw f Œkd u wnDw!Gww f nf;
393
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
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5? jynfaxmifpwk ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsd K;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfEiS hf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
wdŒk onf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if .H vufiif;Edik if aH &;jy\emrsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f I !dE‡ i_d ;f aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm;
udk qufvuf usi;f yoGm;&efEiS hf 'Dru kd a&pDbufawmfom; tjcm;Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ESiv hf nf; aoG;pnf;
nD!w G af &;twGuf qufvufóu;d yrf;aqmif&ufomG ;&ef oabmwln=D uonf?

6? Tyl;wGaJ =unmcsuu f kd &efuek òf rŒd / ausmufww H m;òrŒd e,f/ Adv

k af tmifausmv f rf;/ trSwf
(393) &S/d jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (XmecsKy±f ;Hk ) tpnf;ta0;cef;rwGif
jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pD
tzGŒJ csKyfru
S ,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm; vufrw S af &;xd;k I yl;wGx J w
k jf yefa=unmvdu k yf gonf?

jynfaxmifpw
k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsd K;rsm; 'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf

aemufqufwpJG m&if;

jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsd K;rsm; 'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf jynfe,f (7) ckEiS w hf uG/ wdik ;f
tcsKd ŒrS ygwpD 'Hk rD u
kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Siw f iG f w&m;0ifrw
S yf w
kH ifzŒJG pnf;xm;aom
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsd K;rsm; Edik if aH &;tzGŒJ tpnf;ygwrD sm;udk pkpnf;xlaxmifxm;aom wyfaygi;f pkw&yf
jzpf+yD; atmufygtzGŒJ tpnf;ygwrD sm;yg0ifonf?
1? &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
2? rGet f rdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ /
3? watmif;(yavmif) trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
4? u&ifjynfe,f trdsK;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
5? csi;f trdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
6? u,m;jynfe,fvrl sd K;aygi;f pH'k rD u kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
&? &Sr;f jynfwikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
8? Zdrk ;D trdsKom;uGe*f &uf/
9? awmifov l ,form; u'l;/ ueef;ESihf &Sr;f trdsK;om;aoG;pnf;nDnw G af &; 'Dru
kd a&pD
tzGJŒcsKyf/
10? ucsit f rdsK;om;vH;k qdik &f muGe*f &uf/
11? òrd (ac: ) crDtrdsK;om;nD!w G af &;tzGŒJ /
12? u,ef;trsKd ;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ /
13? ucsijf ynfe,ftrsKd ;om;rsm;'Dru kd &ufwpfygw/D
394
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
14? tif;trdsK;om;tzGŒJ csKyf/
15? &cdik t
f rdsK;om;vlrb _ 0 jr‡iw
hf ifa&;tzGŒJ (r&rm}uD;)/
16? jynfaxmifpk ytd@k 0;f trdsK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
17? u&iftrsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDueG *f &uf/
18? r&mjynfoŒl ygw/D
19? vDq;l trdsK;om;aoG;pnf;cdik rf ma&;tzGŒJ /
20? “0” trdsK;om;zHŒG òzd;wd;k wufa&;ygw/D
21? vm;[ltrdsK;om;zGŒH òzd;wd;k wufa&;ygw/D
jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfwiG f tzGŒJ 0iftjzpf ryg0ifao;aomf
vnf;/ rl0g'a&;&mrsm;ESihf tusKd ;wlvyk if ef;rsm;wGif ylaygi;f vufwyJG g0ifvsu&f adS om wdik ;f &if;om;
Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rSm atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf?
1? &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/
2? ucsijf ynfe,ftrsKd ;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDueG *f &uf/
3? em*awmifwef;a'owd;k wufa&;ygw/D
xd@k jyif csi;f jynfe,f/ [mcg;òrŒd e,frq J ENe,f woD;yk*v ~ trwf OD;vset f yk Ef iS hf xefwvefòrŒd
e,f/ rJqENe,f woD;yk*v ~ trwf a'guw f mr_xefw@kd vnf; yl;wGyJ g0ifvsu&f o dS nf? jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f
&if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf txufazmfjyyg Edik if aH &;tzGŒJ tpnf; ygwrD sm;ESihf woD;
yk*v ~ rsm;udk ud, k pf m;ðyygonf?
trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;
pOf trnf tzG@J tpnf;wm0ef vufrw
S f
1? OD;atmifa&$ A[dt k vkyt
f r_aqmiftzGŒJ 0if
2? OD;=unfarmif -
3? OD;cspfcdkif -
4? OD;vGif -
5? a': jrifhjrifhcif -
6? OD;a&$ -
7? OD;cifarmifaqG -
8? OD;pd;k odr;f (armif0oH ) -
9? OD;ausmrf if; -
10? OD;csrf;at; -
11? OD;}uD;ol&ed f (ucsi)f A[dOk ;D pD;tzGŒJ 0if
12? OD;wifO;D (u,m;) -
13? OD;oef;Edik f (u&if) -
14? OD;pDAif=uL; (csi;f ) -
395
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

15? OD;&Jxw
G f (rGe)f -
16? OD;xGe;f atmifausmf (&cdik )f -
1&? OD;tke;f armif (&Sr;f ) -

jynfaxmifpw
k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsd K;rsm; 'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;

pOf trnf tzGŒJ tpnf;wm0ef vufrw

S f
1? OD;aiGord ;f t+rJwrf;obmywd aumifpt D zG@J 0if
2? OD;pDauudu k u
f v
JG f -
3? OD;at;az -
4? OD;apmoef;&Sed f -
5? OD;',fe&D ,fatmif -
6? OD;at;omatmif twGi;f a&;rª;tzGŒJ 0if
&? cGew f ifa&$ -
8? qvdik ;f vserf KS ef; -
9? Edkifatmifjrifh -
10? a'guw f matmifwifO;D -
11? cGex f eG ;f OD; wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsd K;a&;&maumfrwDEiS hf vkyif ef;aumfrwD0if
12? pdik ;f tdu
k af ygi;f -
13? Edkifcifarmif -
14? OD;ombef; -

&Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf
396
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

XmecsKyf±kH;

pmtrSwf // // 108§& w ' z§ axG § 96?

aepGJ // // 1996 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (28) &uf?

od@k §

Adv
k cf sKyfr;ª }uD;oef;a&$
OuUÏ
Ekid if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ
&efuek òf rdŒ

ta-umif;t&m// // rw&m;ðyvkycf &H r+tm; wifjyjcif;udpP ?

1? usaemfw@dk &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru

kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfonf rdrw d @kd . A[kt
d vkyt
f r_aqmif
aumfrwD0ifEiS hf ucsijf ynfe,fXmecGJ OuUÏjzpfol OD;pkid ;f pd;k !Ge@f xrH S wifjyaompmudk ta=umif;ðy
vsuf tvkyt f r_aqmiftzGŒJ tpnf;ta0;udk usi;f ycJ+h yD; trsm;oabmwlnrD j_ zifh ,ckpmtm;
wifjyygonf?

2? usaemfw@dk taejzifh OD;pdik ;f pd;k !Ge@f wifjyvmaompmtm; vufc, H =Hk unfa=umif; a&S;OD;pGm
qk;H jzwf=uygonf? OD;pdik ;f pd;k !¸e@f &&Svd maom '%f&m'%fcsurf sm;udk rsujf rifu, kd af wGŒ awGŒ&Sad e&
onft h jyif ta=umif;tusKd ;qDavsmrf r_ sm;udyk g pOf;pm;=uvsuf vufc, H =Hk unf&jcif;jzpfygonf?
,ck Tpmudw k ifjy&jcif;onf Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ taejzifh ,ae@ Ekid if H
awmftm; Oya'ESit fh nD pDrcH ef@cv JG su&f o dS nfqadk om ajymqdck surf sm;udk tav;xm;+yD;qkcd o hJ nfh
twkid ;f Oya'ESitfh nD aqmif&u G v f rd rhf nf[ak r#mvf ifv
h suf wifjy&jcif;jzpfygonf?

3? OD;pkid ;f pd;k !Ge@f wifjycJah om pmygtjzpftysurf sm;tay: usaemfw@dk .ok;H oyfcsuu f kd OD;pGm
yxrazmfjyvkyd gonf? OD;pdik ;f pd;k !Ge@f taejzifh rSm;onfjzpfap/ rSeo f nfjzpfap wm0ef&odS rl sm;taejzifh
wnfqOJ ya'ESit hf nDom aqmif&u G &f rnf[k usaemfw@kd o;Hk oyf&&Syd gonf? usaemfw@kd Ekid if w
H 0Sr;f
wGif Oya'jzifph rD cH ef@caJG ea=umif;udk Edik if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ taejzifh tcgt
cGio
hf ifw
h idk ;f ajym=um;aeonfukd usaemfw@kd avhvmawGŒ&S&d ygonf? xk@d a=umifv h nf; Oya'udak v;
pm;aomtm;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ Oya'ESihftnDaqmif&Gufvdrfhrnf[kar#mfvifhv#uf Tpmtm;
a&;om;wifjyEkid &f ef qk;H jzwfc=hJ u&jcif;jzpfygonf?
4? ,ckjzpfysucf ahJ omjzpf&yfwiG f SNLD taejzifrh nfo@kd r# yg0ifywfoufcjhJ cif;r&Sad =umif;

397
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
xif&mS ;aeygonf? od@k ygvsuf Akv d rf ;ª 0if;oltaejzifh OD;pdik ;f pk;d !Ge@f tm; rnfonft
h a=umif;a=umifh
SNLD ygw0D iftjzpfrS E_wx f u
G af pcJo h enf;? SNLD taejzifh trsKd ;om;nDvmcHwiG f aumfr
&Si§f vkyif ef;aumfrwDw@dk .wifjycsurf sm;ESifh oabmxm;uGjJ ym;jcm;em;aeonfrmS trSeyf ifjzpf
aomfvnf; wlnaD omoabmxm;w&yfjzpfay:&&Sad tmif óu;d pm;ae=uqJjzpfygonf? oabmxm;
uGvJ rJG o_ nf obm0omjzpfygonf? wOD;ESiw hf OD; “oabmxm;rwlol wk@d &efo”l [k usaemfw@kd
oabmrxm;yg? xko d @kd oabmxm;uGjJ ym;=ujcif;onf (e0w) tm; qef@usijf cif;[k usaemfw@dk
rcH,=l uyg? wyfrawmftqifjh rifh t&m&Sw d OD;taejzifh SNLD ygw0D ifwOD;jzpfol OD;pdik ;f pd;k !Ge@f tm;
tjzpftysuw f pkw
H &moufqidk jf cif;r&Syd gyv
J suf ygw0D iftjzpfrS twif;t=uyf vufrw S af &;xk;d
E_wx f uG af pjcif;onf rnfonfu&kd nf!e¸ ;f aeoenf;[k usaemfw@dk tav;teufpOf;pm;ae=u&yg
onf?

5? xk@d tjyif jzpfysucf ahJ ome,fajronf w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k aome,fajrwGijf zpfygonf? ppfw
vif;ajrr[kwyf g? w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k aome,fajrjzpfygonf[q k odk nfukd jiif;qko
d &l v
dS #if trsm;tod
a=unmay;apvkyd gonf? xko d @kd w&m;Oya'&Sad eygvsuf tpOftvm}uD;rm;vSonf[q k adk om
wyfrawmfom;wOD;jzpfol Adv k rf ;ª 0if;ol§wyf=uyf^m%fjrifw h @dk onf “ppfwyfrmS Oya'r&Sb d ;l / tm%m
bJ&wdS ,f” [laomtajymrdsK;jzifh rdro d abmtavsmuf xifwidk ;f ESyd pf ufaer_onf Oya'vufvw $ f
ðyr_omjzpf+yD; wyfrawmf.*k%o f u d mQ tm; apmfum;jcif;jzpfygonf// jynfov l xl u k kd apmfum;jcif;
vnf;jzpfygonf//

6? usaemfw@dk ygwt D aejzifh Edik if aH wmftudsK;twGuf trsKd ;om;nDvmcHwiG f yg0ifaqmif&u G f

vsu&f ydS gonf? trsKd ;om;nDvmcHwiG f oabmxm;rwlujJG ym;=ujcif;onf obm0omjzpfygonf?
rwlonfukd wlEidk af tmif!ESd id_ ;f &efomvkyd gonf? trsKd ;om;nDvmcHrS E_wx f u
G cf ikd ;f p&mta=umif;
r&Syd g? ygw0D iftjzpfrS E_wx f u
G cf idk ;f Ekid af vmufaom tcGit hf m%monfvnf; wyfrawmft&m&Sw d
a,mufwiG f &Sad evdrrhf nf[k usaemfw@dk rxifyg// Edik if aH wmftpd;k &u todtrSwðf yxm;aom Edik if H
a&;ygww D ckrS E_wx
f uG af p&ef wyfrawmft&m&Sw d OD;u w&m;Oya'a=umif;wckukd wrifzefw;D +y;D
tvJtvS,ðf ycJjh cif;onf usaemfw@dk tm; tHt h m;oifah pcJyh gonf//

7? SNLD taejzifh trdsK;om;nDvmcHwiG f tðyoabmaqmif vufwaJG qmif&u G af ejcif;

onf Edik if aH wmfaumif;usKd ;udak r#mu f ;kd Ijzpfygonf? SNLD taejzifh rdryd gw0D ifwOD;tm; wyfr
awmft&m&Sw d OD;u twif;t=uyfEw _ x f u G cf idk ;f vdrrhf nf[k rar#mv f ifch yhJ g? A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmif
wOD;jzpfonft h jyif SNLD . trsKd ;om;nDvmcHu, kd pf m;vS,wf OD;tm; tjyif;txef '%f&m&&Sd
atmif±u kd Ef uS x f m;+y;D aemuf xkod @kd qJqu dk srd ;f armif; cdse;f acsmuf+y;D E_wx f u G cf ikd ;f vdrrhf nf[k ykI
d yif
rar#mvf ifch yhJ g? trsKd ;om;nDvmcHonf zmo,frawG/ bde;f pm;awG/ bde;f olc;dk awG wufaewmbJ
bmrS t"dyg` ,rf &Sb d ;l - xGuvf udk [f k used ;f armif;csed ;f ajcmuf+yD;xGucf ikd ;f jcif;onf tvGeaf pmfum;
aompum;&yfjzpfygonf// (e0w) . 5§96 Oya'onf wyfrawmftpdk;&uxkwfjyefaom

398
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
Oya'jzpf a=umif; wyfrawmft&m&Sw
d OD;jzpfol Adv
k rf ;ª 0if;ol od&+dS yD;jzpfygvrd rhf nf?

8? jzpfysucf ahJ om tjzpftysut f ay: tajccHvsuf usaemfw@dk atmufygtwdik ;f pOf;pm;=u

ygonf?
(u) trdsK;om;nDvmcHwiG f usaemfw@dk ,k=H unfonft h wkid ;f ±d;k om;pGmwifjyaejcif;onf
“tjypf” jzpfygovm;?
(c) wyfrawmft&m&Sd wOD;taejzifh usaemfw@dk ygw0D ifrsm;tm; yk*Kd~ vaf &;qENukd qef@usif
vsuf ygw0D iftjzpfrS twif;t=uyfEw _ x f u G af pEkid yf govm;? trdsK;om;nDvmcHrS
E_wx f u G cf ikd ;f jcif;ESihf nDvmcHwufa&muforl sm;udk ykwcf wfajymqkjd cif;onf rnfonfh
t"dyg` ,jf zpfonfukd aocsmpGmjyefvnfo;Hk oyf&rnfjzpfygonf//
(*) usaemfw@dk taejzifh trsKd ;om;nDvmcHwiG yf g0ifaqG;aEG;aejcif;onf usaemfw@dk .
e,fwiG &f adS om trsKd ;om;nDvmcHu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESifh olw@dk . rdom;pkvðHk caH &;t
wGuf pd;k &drpf mG ylyifaomujzpfvm&ygonf//
(C) usaemfw@dk SLND . trsKd ;om;nDvmcHu, kd pf m;vS,w f OD;jzpfol OD;pdik ;f pk;d !Ge@f yif
v#if w&m;vufvw G f rw&m;tEkid u f sichf &H +yD; w&m;Oya'ESihf vk;H 0qef@usiaf om
vufjyefóud;wky/f xdyw f ;Hk cyf+yD; ±duk Ef u S cf o hJ nft h jyif aq;0g;ukor_urkd ay;cJv h #if
omref±;kd ±d;k vkyo f m;jynfow l OD;tzd@k qv dk #if awG;0hpH &myifr&Sad wmhy?
(i) tvm;wljzpf&yfrsm;pGmudk usaemfw@dk =um;odae&ygon? Oya'ESit hf nD w&m;pD&ifEidk f
jcif;&So d nfukd odyrf =um;&yg?
(p) Edik if o
H m;wOD;. tdryf &0%ftwGi;f cGiðhf ycsurf &Sd usL;ausm0f ifa&muf+yD; aoewfjzifh
±kud Ef u S jf cif;onf Edik if aH wmfu Ekid if o H m;rsm;udk tumtuG,af y;&ef ay;tyfxm;
aomvufeufjzifh &mZ0wfru _ u kd sL;vGejf cif;jzpfygonf?

txufygta=umif;t&mrsm;udk axmuf±+_ yD; usaemfw@dk SLND tvkyt

f r_aqmift
aejzifh -
(u) Adv k rf ;ª 0if;ol/ wyf=uyf^m%fjrifh ESit hf zGŒJ wd@k .vky&f yftm; jyif;xefpmG ±_wcf sygonf?
(c) jypfru _ sL;vGeo f l wyfrawmft&m&SEd iS hf t=uyfwyfom;wk@d tm; Oya'ESit hf nD jyif;
xefpmG ta&;,lay;yg&ef awmif;qkv d u
dk yf gonf? trSepf ifppf Oya'jzifh ta&;,lay;
yg[k awmif;qkad e&onfuu kd usaemfw@dk tzk@d &Suaf erdygonf?
(*) Oya'ESit hf nD rnfo@kd rnfyHk ta&;,lvu kd af =umif;udk tESyd pf ufc&H aom yk*Kd~ vfEiS hf
xkyd *k K~ v
d . f ygwt D m; twdtusjyefvnfta=umif;=um;ay;&ef awmif;qdyk gonf?
(C) trsKd ;om;nDvmcHu, kd pf m;vS,jf zpfap/ w&m;0ifygww D ck. A[dtk vkyt f r_aqmif
wOD;jzpfap omrefygw0D ifwOD;jzpfap/ omrefvyk o f m;jynfow l OD;jzpfap/ rnfoyl if
jzpfapEkid if o H m;wOD;taejzifh Edik if o H m;wOD;. &oif&h xku d af om tumtuG,u f kd
jynf0h pGm&&SEd idk af pvkyd gonf?
(i) Advk rf ;ª 0if;olEiS t hf zGJŒ. rw&m;ðyusio hf nfv h yk &f yftay: ta&;,laqmif&u G jf cif;
399
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

r&Sv
d #if wyfrawmfwckv;Hk u vkyu
f ikd o
f nfo
h abmrsKd ; txiftjrifrmS ;,Gi;f r_rsm;
jzpfvmEkid yf gonf?

wyfrawmf. wm0ef}u;D jzpfonfh vkyo f m;jynfow l ‹dk tm; tumtuG,af y;&rnft h pm;
w&m;Oya'ESihf tcGit hf m%mudk tvGo J ;Hk pm;ðyvsuf w&m;vufvw G ±f u
kd Ef u
S /f ESyd pf uf!iS ;f yrf;ae
onfukd cGiðhf yaev#if usaemfw@dk taejzifrh sm;pGm pdwrf aumif;jzpf&rnf jzpfygonf?
xkt d cg usaemfw@dk taejzifh Edik if aH wmf.tudsK;udk ar#mu f ;kd vsuf twlwuGvufwaJG qmif
&Guaf eaom trsKd ;om;nDvmcHtay:wGiv f nf; wrdsK;wzkH jyefvnfpOf;pm;=u&awmhrnfjzpfygonf?

tvkyt
f r_aqmiftzGŒJ pnf;a0;qk;H jzwfcsut
f &-

xxxxxx

OuUÏ

- yl;wGv J suf OD;pkid ;f pk;d !Ge@f . tjzpftysutf vk;H pkt

H m; tzGŒJ csKyfo@dk wifjyaom pmrdwLW ?
- OD;pdik ;f pd;k !¸e@f tm; twif;t=uyfvufrw S af &;xk;d apcJah om E_wx f u G pf mESifh 0efccH suf pmrdwLW ?

rdwLW -
- 'kw, d Adv
k cf sKyf}uD; cif!eG @f / twGi;f a&;rª; (1)
- Ekid if aH wmf +idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ ?
- 'kw, d Adv k cf sKyf}uD; rdsK;!Ge@f (OuUÏ/ trsKd ;om;nDvmcHusi;f ya&;aumfr&Si?f )
- OD;baX; / OuUÏ / a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufyuJG si;f ya&;aumfr&Si/f /

(OD;pdik ;f pd;k !Ge@f .E_wx

f u
G pf mtm; yl;wGyJ g ol.tjzpftysuw
f ifjycsurf sm;udk axmuf±+_ yD;vufcjH cif;
rðy&efta=umif;=um;ygonf)

- ±k;H vufcH ?

1996 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv ( ) &uf//

od@dk §
400
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
c±dik af &G;cs,w
f ifajr‡mufa&;tzGŒJ aumfr&Si/f jrpf}uD;em;òrdŒ?

ta-umif;t&m? ? &Sr;f trsdK;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfygwD0ifEiS hf A[dak umfrwD0if tjzpfrES w
+ x
f u
G cf iG ðhf y
&efwifjyjcif;?

0dik ;f armfòrŒd e,f/ rdik ;f em;aus;&Gm/ &yfuu G f (3)ae (tb) OD;vSarmif.om; Edik if o H m;pDppfa&;
vufrw S f trSwf 1§0re (Edik )f - 027202 udik af qmifol u|eaf wmfO;D pdik ;f pk;d !Ge@f rS av#mufxm;yg
onf? u|eaf wmfonf vGecf o hJ nfh (5) ESpcf ef@rpS I &Sr;f trdsK;om;'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyyf gw0D if/ A[kad ufr
wDEiS hf jrpf}u;D em;òred ,f/ òrŒd r&yfuu G /f trSwf (30) ae&mwGi±f ;Hk zGiv hf pS x
f m;&Sad om tzGŒJ csKy±f ;Hk wm0efcH
tjzpfaqmif&u G cf yhJ gonf? ,ae@ 1996 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (19) &ufae@rt S pðyI u|eaf wmf.
rdom;pkpm;0wfaea&; ajyvnfapa&;twGuf ygw0D iftjzpfrv S nf;aumif;/ A[dak umfrwD0iftjzpfrS
vnf;aumif; E_wx f u G cf iG ðhf yyg&ef wifjyav#mufxm;tyfygonf?

xxxxxx
(av#mufxm;ol) trnf//
OD;pkid ;f pd;k !Ge@f (1§0re(Ekid )f - 027202)

rdwLW udk -
- òrdŒe,f+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ / 0dik ;f armfòrdŒ?
- wyfq, G rf ;ª / trSwf (8) axmufvrS ;f a&;wyfq, G /f 0dik ;f armfòrdŒ?
- aus;&Gm+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ / rdik ;f em;aus;&Gm?

0efcHuwdðypmcsKyf

0dik ;f armfòrdŒe,f/ rdik ;f em;aus;&GmtrSwf (3) &yfuu

G af e (b) OD;vSarmif.om; pdik ;f pd;k !Ge@f
(42) ESpf 1§0re(Ekifd )f - 027202 ESihf (b)OD;zk;d }u;D .om; pd;k ode;f (25)ESpf pDppfa&;u'f (r&S)d wk@d EpS Of ;D
onf 1996 ck 'DZifbmv (17) &ufn (19;30) cdsecf ef@&yfuu G f (3) &Sad ': =unfatmifA'D , D ±kd w
Hk iG f
cv& (58) rdik ;f em;wyfpcef;rª; wyf=uyfvif;atmifEiS fh 'kwyf=uyf ode;f ode;f wk@d tm; 0dik ;f 0ef;xk;d }uw d cf hJ
onft h jyif wyfrawmftm; qef@usiaf wmfveS o f nfph um;rsm; ajymqko d nfjh ypfru
_ sL;vGecf yhJ gonf?

txufygupd EP iS yhf wfoufI rdik ;f em;aus;&Gm +idr0f yfyjd ym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGŒJ OuUÏ

OD;ausm+f idr;f . wm0efcH 0efcsawmif;yefjcif;twGuf OD;pkid ;f pd;k !Ge@f tm; &Sr;f trdsK;om;'Dru
kd a&pD
tzGŒJ csKyf tzGŒJ 0ifEiS hf A[kad umfrwD0iftjzpfrS E_wx
f u
G rf nfjzpfa=umif;0efcjH cif;/ wyfrawmftm;
401
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$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

aemufaemifqef@usiaf 0zefrr_ ðybJ opPm&Spd mG ESifh ±dak ousKd ;EGpH mG emcHqufqrH nfjzpfa=umif; 0efcu
H
wdðypmcsKyfY vufrw
S af &;xk;d ygonf?

0efcuH wdysuu f uG yf gu jypfrq

_ idk &f m Oya'yk'rf 141 / 142/ 153 ESifh 332 wk@d t& tr_
zGit
hf a&;,ljcif;cHrnfjzpfa=umif; 0efcuH wdðyygonf?

xxxxxx xxxxxx
pdik ;f pk;d nGe@f armifp;kd ode;f
1§0re(Ekid )f - 027202 (pDppfa&;u'f-r&S)d

1// 1§0re(Ekid )f - 012982 - OD;ausmjf idr;f (&/0/w OuUÏ) xxxxxx

2// 1§0re(Ekid )f - 013627 - a':=unfatmif (tr) xxxxxx
3// trSw/f yw§10485 - t&cA ausmpf ;kd (&if; t&cA) xxxxxx
4// trSw/f 567597 - wuu Om%fjrifh (rw,wuu) xxxxxx

od@k
OuUÏ
&Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
&efuek òf rdŒ?
&ufp?JG ? 1996 / 'DZifbmv (25) &uf//

ta-umif;t&m? ? &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfygwD0if/ A[dak umfrwD0if/ trdsK;om;nDvmcH

ud,k pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS twif;t-uyfEw + xf u
G &f ef apcdik ;f r+twGuf tpD&ifcw
H ifjyjcif;?

1? txufta=umif;t&mESiyhf wfoufI usaemf0ikd ;f armfòrdŒe,f/ rdik ;f em;aus;&Gmae OD;pdik ;f

pd;k !Ge@f [ 1§0re (Ekid )f - 027202 ] tzGŒJ csKy.
f A[dak umfrwD0ifEiS fh trdsK;om;nDvmcHu,
kd pf m;vS,f
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vltrsm;v#x H u G v f mojzifh cav;ESit hf &G,t f rdk sm;rxdcu dk rf ad p&ef 0ifa&mufxed ;f odr;f ay;ygonf?
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'grS t&yfom;uod&EdS idk rf nfjzpfa=umif;ESihf ,ckuo hJ @kd jy\emjzpfu wyfou d mQ usa=umif; ae&mw
um rdrt d rd v f o dk abmxm;ESihf raygah vsmo h ifah =umif;ajym+yD; aus;&Gm+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmuf
a&;tzGŒJ OuUÏ OD;ausm+f idr;f tm; tac:v$wI f tyfEaHS y;vku d yf gonf? jzpfpOfwckv;Hk rSm (5) rdepfcef@
om=umjrih+f y;D xkpd Ofu teD;tem;wGif ‚if;wk@d EiS jhf y\emjzpfaom &Gmom;armifp;kd ode;f ESihf vrf;pDrH
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wyfpcef;rª; wyf=uyfEiS hf 'kwyf=uyftm; tumtuG,af y;±ko H may;cJyh gonf? vk;H 0rxk;d r}udwyf g?
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wk@d u,kd wf idk f u0w OuUÏESihf trsm;a&SŒwGi0f efccH +hJ yD;jzpfygonf?

2? 18-12-96 &ufae@wiG f usaemfonf pyg;wku d &f ef v,fawmod@k vkyt f m;ac:xm;aom

vSn;f rsm;ESit hf wl eHeufapmapmxGuo f mG ;ygonf? usaemhv,fawmonf &GmESihf (4-5) rkid cf ef@
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wyfpcef;wGif csKyfxm;onft h wGuf n pcef;od@k omG ;I pum;ajymay;&ef vma&mufajym=um;
ygonf? (usaemfw@dk t&yf"avhonf vkyt f m;tultnDac:ygu xrif;weyfukd tazsm, f rumjzifh
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&ygonf? xkpd Of ,leaD zgi;f tpdr;f 0wf umbkid af oewfuikd f vl (5) a,muf {nfch ef;wGi;f 0ifvm+yD;
teD;a&mufonfEiS hf aoewfjzift h wif;0if±u kd yf gonf? usaemh acgi;f / ezl;/ em;xifEiS hf yg;pyfw@kd rmS
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acsmif; tHuyfrmS uGaJ =uoGm;ygonf? usaemfu cifAsm;wd@k b,foal wGvJ bma=umifh 'Dvv dk yk &f
wmvJ[ak r;&m cv& (58) rSjzpfa=umif; zrf;qD;&efvma=umif;ajymojzifh usaemfu tzrf;cHyg
onf? tdrw f iG ;f rSmyif usaemf/ armifz;kd omxl;ESihf tdro f @kd tvnfa&mufaeaom &Gm;om;armifjrOD;
wk@d tm; vufjyefóud;wkyv f #uf rkid ;f em;&Gm cv& (58) wyfpef;od@k ac:aqmifomG ;ygonf// 3 zgvcHk ef@
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ESurf eS ;f rodyg? n 11;00 em&Dcef@wiG f armifjrOD;tm;jyefvw $ af y;+yD; usaemf/ zk;d omxl;ESihf armifp;dk
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cv& (58) wyf&if;tcsKyfwiG f csKyfaESmifxm;cJyh gonf?

3? 19-12-96 &ufae@eeH uf 6;30 cef@wiG f cv& (58) XmecsKyfwyfcrJG ;ª Adv k rf ;ª 0if;ola&muf

vm+yD; tcsKyfcef;rSxw k I f wef;pDcikd ;f ygonf? usaemf/ armifp;dk ode;f / armifz;dk omxl;wk@d tm; rif;wk@d
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owfypfv@dk &w,f/ wyfrawmfrmS Oya'r&Sb d ;l [kajymygonf? usaemftm;vJ bmvJcifAsm;u Edik if H
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awmfukd tykwcf swm/ bmvJ wyfrawmfukd tmcHwmvm;[k ajymqkpd yG pf yJG gonf? armifp;dk ode;f u
r[kw&f ygb;l Adv k rf ;ª 0if;olu pcef;rª;qkw d m usaemfrodygb;l / t&ifpcef;rª;awG &JabmfawG usaemf
wk@d cifrif=uw,f/ olŒudak wmhusaemfrodv@dk yg/ +yD;awmh olw@dk u pxk;d vk@d usaemfujyefx;dk rdwmyg/
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ovm; [kar;ygonf? usaemfu oufaotrsm;tjym;&Sw d ,f/ Adv k rf ;ª udw k idk wf vhJ u l , kd w f idk f usaemfh
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w,f/ trlrvkyyf ge@J awmif;yefygw,f[k ajymqkad wmif;yefygonf? Adv k rf ;ª 0if;olu bmtrsKd ;om;
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atmif vkt d yfaomtcGit hf a&;[kyif usaemfxifrw S yf gonf// usaemf oabmwlncD &hJ ygonf//
yl;wGyJ g E_wx f u G af =umif;pmudk Adv k rf ;ª 0if;olu, kd wf ikd f pm=urf;a&;+y;D cv& (58) wyf&if;±k;H rS vufEySd f
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cHvJ zmo,frawG/ bde;f pm;/ bde;f olc;dk awGwufaewmbJ/ bmrSjzpfvmrSmr[kwb f ;l // usaemf.
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olu, kd w f idk f wm0ef,yl gonf? a&;xk;d aom vufrw S yf gpmtwdik ;f rvku d ef mygu ta&;,lc&H rnfh
cH0efcsupf mwapmifuv kd J vufrw S af &;xk;d apygonf? (pmESpaf pmifukd yl;wGw J ifjytyfygonf?) ae
2;00 em&Dcef@wiG f vufrw S af &;xk;d +yD;I usaemf/ armifp;kd ode;f wk@d tm; u0w OuUÏ OD;ausm+f idr;f /
a': =unfatmifEiS hf t=uyftcsKd Œa&SŒarSmufwiG f Adv k rf ;ª 0if;olu olŒtm;aus;Zl;wifaomtm;jzifh
&Sr;f xk;H pHt& uefawmhawmif;yef&rnf[ak jym+yD; jyefvw $ af y;cJyh gonf//

4? tdrjf yefa&muf+yD; &Gmol&mG om;trsm;tjym;u usaemf'h %f&mrsm;tm; qEGi;f / rdwo f

vif paom awmaq;rsm;jzifh wdu k af u|;/ aq;vl;ay;=uygonf? yg;pyf'%f&ma=umifh aumfzaD t;
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jrpf}uD;em;jynfoŒl aq;±krH v S nf; &Jpcef;axmufccH sujf zifo h mvufcrH nfjzpfa=umif;ajym
ojzifh trSwf (8) axmufvrS af &;wyfo@kd tultnDomG ;awmif;&m wyft&m&Srd sm;ESirhf awG@I
tultnDr&yg// 21-12-96 &ufae@/ eHeufapmapmxyfro H mG ;a&mufaomfvnf; t&m&Srd sm;rawGŒ
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zsm;ygonf? usaemfonf t±ku d cf &H aomae@rS ,ae@xufwikd f ae@a&mnygtyd rf aysmyf g? 23-12-
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OD;pkid ;f pd;k !Ge@f
1§0re(Ekid )f 027202
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f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
12? a'guw f moef;0if; ajrmufOuUvmyòrdŒe,f &efuek w f ikd ;f
13? OD;aeOD; vrf;rawmfòrdŒe,f &efuek w f ikd ;f
14? OD;jrarmif a'gyòkH rdŒe,f &efuek w f ikd ;f
15? OD;apmausmpf ed f vSn;f ul;òrŒd e,f &efuek w f ikd ;f
16? OD;pHwif vSn;f ul;òrŒd e,f &efuek w f ikd ;f
17? OD;wif0if; usKd ufvwfòrŒd e,f {&m0wDwikd ;f
18? OD;oef;0if; omaygi;f òrdŒe,f {&m0wDwikd ;f
19? OD;wifO;D jrefatmifòrdŒe,f {&m0wDwikd ;f
20? OD;jrifo h ed ;f jrefatmifòrdŒe,f {&m0wDwikd ;f
21? OD;atmif=uif ajrmif;jròrdŒe,f {&m0wDwikd ;f
22? OD;pd;k rif; ajrmif;jròrdŒe,f {&m0wDwikd ;f
23? OD;vSp;kd rif;bl;òrdŒe,f rauG;wdik ;f
24? OD;aomif;pdef jynfòrdŒe,f yJc;l wdik ;f

oifw@kd onf 1990 jynfEpS /f arvuusi;f ycJo h nfh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumuf
yGw
J iG f a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpf=uonf? xdak &G;
aumufy}JG uD;onf 1988 ckEpS /f 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;ESit hf wl Edik if w
H 0Sr;f vH;k &Sd &[ef;&Siv f /l
ausmif;om; jynfow l &yfv;kH . touf/ aoG;/ ac|;wd@k jzifh t&if;wnf+yD;rS ay:ayguv f m&aom
a&G;aumufy}JG u;D jzpfonf? a&G;aumufyw JG iG f jynfov l x l }k u;D u 'Dru kd a&pDa&;/ vlŒtcGit hf a&;rsm;udk
tjynft h 0tmrcHaom tem*wf 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if aH wmfay:xGe;f vma&;twGuf óu;d yrf;aqmif&u G &f ef
rdrw d @kd EiS hf rdrw d @kd . e,fajra'otoD;oD;tm; ud, k pf m;ðyonfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk
taESmift h ,Su/f tcuftcJtrsKd ;rsKd ;=um;rS a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufay;cJ=h uonf?
jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; wnf&adS ejcif;ESit hf wl jynfoŒl v$waf wmfvnf;&S&d ay
rnf? ,ck a&G;aumufy+JG yD;cJo h nfrmS (9) ESpcf ef@&cdS yhJ g+yD? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfum; ay:rvmao;ay?
a&G;aumufyu JG kd usi;f yay;cJo
h nft h pd;k &uvnf; ‚if;wd@k ay;xm;onfu h wdu0wfrsm;udk t}urd }f urd f
csKd ;azguI f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfac:,lay;&rnfw h m0efukd ysuu f u G cf o hJ nf? xd@k a=umifh tzG@J csKyfEiS hf
wdik ;f &if;om;ygwt D zGŒJ tpnf;rsm;yl;aygi;f I jynfo@l vw $ af wmfay:xGe;f a&;udk pGr;f pGr;f wrH óud;yrf;
aqmif&u G af e=uonf?
,ae@tcsed t f xd Edik if wH 0Sr;f &Sd tusO;f axmifrsm;wGif oifw@kd EiS hf wcsed w f nf;a&G;cs,w f if
ajr‡mufccH &hJ aom jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf ESyd pf ufni‡ ;f yrf;r_trsKd ;rsKd ;udk cHae&qJ
jzpfonf? tusO;f axmifrsm;twGi;f Y ppftpd;k &vufcsujf zifh toufq;kH ±_;H cJ&h aom jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;. t¶d;k rsm;onf raqG;ao;yg? ‚if;wd@k ro d m;pkrsm;rSmvnf; óuaH wGŒae&onfh
'kurQ sKd ;pHrk rS vGwaf o;yg? ,ae@tcsed Yf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:xGe;f vma&;twGuf òrŒd e,ftoD;oD;&Sd
tcsKyfcef;rsm;/ tusO;f axmifrsm;wGif ppftpd;k &xH 'l;raxmuf/ tnHrh cHyJ ZGo J wWcd ikd rf mpGmjzifh
jynfov l x l tk wGuf opPmapmifo h ad e=uaom/ jynfob l ufu &yfwnfae=uaom jynfoŒl ud, k pf m;
vS,rf sm;udk av;pm;*k%, f yl gonf?
407
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
oifw@kdrmS um; ud, k u f , kd w f ikd uf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpfygvsuEf iS hf jynfou l kd
rsuEf mS raxmuf/ opPmazguu f m jynfov l x l . k tusKd ;pD;yGm;rsm;udk tumiftxnfaz:ay;onfh
jynfoŒl vGwaf wmfay:xGe;f a&;udk zsuq f ;D zd@k óu;d pm;=uonf? jynfov l x l u k kd rw&m;onfeh nf; trsKd ;
rsKd ;oH;k I ESyd pf ufnOf;yrf;&ufpufaeaom ppftm%m&Siw f @kd tóuduf vkyaf qmifay;=uonf? ppf
axmufvrS ;f a&;wd@k . vufuikd 'f w k t f jzpf aqmif&u G af y;=uonf? ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;wd@k . vuf
udik 'f w
k af emufvu kd rf sm;tjzpf vdu k yf gaqmuf&u G =f uonf? oifw@kd tm; jynforl sm;rS jynfoŒl v$wf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tjzpf a&G;cs,af y;cJh jcif;onf jynfow l &yfv;kH ppftm%m&Sipf epfatmufrS
vGwaf jrmufa&;ESihf jynfov l x l . k Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;t=uyftwnf;rsm;udk ajz&Si;f aqmif
&Gu&f eftwGujf zpfonf? oifw@kd . uk, d uf sKd ;pD;yGm;/ oifw@kd . vGwv f yfrt _ wGuf jynfou l ckd w
k ;kH vkyIf
jynfow l @kd .ar#mvf ifch su/f vdv k m;csurf sm;udk eif;acsypf&ef/ zsuq f ;D ypf&efr[kwaf cs? ,ckrl oifw@kd
onf "g;jyESiahf ygi;f I ud, k rhf bd tdru f kd "g;jy jyefwu kd of rl sm;jzpfonf? tvGerf yS if atmufwef;usI
&Supf &maumif;vSonf? vl,w k rf mwd@k . vky&f yfjzpfonf? 'Dru kd a&pD ta&òcHtm%m&Siv f uf
yg;aprsm;jzpf=uonf? oifw@kd EiS hf oifw@kd .vky&f yfrsm;tm; u|Eyfk w f @kd rS jyif;xefpmG ¶_wcf svu kd o f nf?
oifw@kd onf jynfoŒl v$waf wmfay:xGe;f a&;udk rnfo@kd yifzsuq f ;D apumrl jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
onf ay:xGe;f vm&rnfrmS rvGrJ aoGyifjzpfonf?

tr_aqmiftzG@J
tusO;f usct
H rsKd ;om;Edik if aH &;tiftm;pk
1999 ckEpS /f arv ( 4 ) &uf?

trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJGŒcsKyf
trSwf(97§c)/ taemufa&G*Hkwdkifvrf;/
A[ef;òrdŒe,f/ &efukefòrdŒ

pmtrSwf - 041§pnf;(pnf;¶k;H )§99 ?

&ufpJG - 14 - 6 - 99 ?

ta-umif;t&m? ? trsdK;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzJŒG csKyfuu
kd ,
kd pf m;rðyawmhonfh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;
vS,rf sm; ?

1? yl;wGaJ zmfjyyg jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu,kd pf m;vS,w

f @kd onf trsKd ;om;'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyftm;
vH;k 0 ud,
k pf m;rðy=uawmhonfh (vH;k 0ud, k pf m;rðy=uawmhonf)h ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpfa=umif;
ta=umif;=um;ygonf?

2? 11-6-99 &ufae@wiG f usi;f yðyvkyaf om trsKd ;om;'Dru

kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf A[dt
k vkyt
f r_
408
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
aqmiftzGŒJ . tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut
f & ta=umif;=um;ygonf?

(yH)k atmifa&$
OuUÏ
trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf

jzef@a0jcif; -
(1) oufqikd &f m yk*Kd~ vfrsm;/
(2) yJc;l wdik ;f / rauG;wdik ;f / &efuek w
f ikd ;f / {&m0wDwikd ;f pnf;¶k;H a&;tzGŒJ OuUÏrsm;/
(3) OuUÏ/ ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG si;f ya&;aumfr&Si/f
(4) ¶k;H vufc/H

yl;wGJvGm

yJc;l wdik ;f
- OD;wiftek ;f yef;awmif;òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)
- OD;aomif;pdef jynfòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)
- OD;xGe;f a&$ rd;k !dòk rdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)

rauG;wdkif;
- OD;vSp;kd rif;bl;òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)
- OD;odr;f =unf awmifwiG ;f }uD;òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)

&efuek w
f ikd ;f
- OD;pde0f if; 'vòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,f
- OD;xGe;f tk;H '*Hòk rdŒopfòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,f
- OD;=unf0if; r*Fvm'Hòk rdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)
- OD;wifxeG ;f armif r*Fvm'Hòk rdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)
- OD;apmausmpf ed f vSn;f ul;òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)
- OD;pHwif vSn;f ul;òrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)
- OD;aeOD; vrf;rawmfòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,f
- OD;jrv_id f wGaH wG;òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (2)
- a':cifat;jrifh &efuif;òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,f

409
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD
{&m0wDwikd ;f
- OD;wif0if; usKd ufvwfòrŒd e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(f 2)
- OD;oef;xGe;f a';'&JòrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(f 2)
- OD;pd;k rif; ajrmif;jròrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(f 2)
- OD;oef;0if; omaygi;f òrdŒe,f/ rJqENe,ftrSw(f 2)

EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;&SifoefrS 'Drdkua&'Dpepfcdkif_rJrnf
(OD;cifarmif-unf)

ygwpD 'kH rD ukd a&pDpepfuu kd sio hf ;kH um wd;k wufzŒHG òz;d aeaomEdik if rH sm;wGif Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;onf
0wW&m;ausyeG =f u&ygonf? ygwt D aejzifh 0wW&m;ysuu f u G yf gu 'Dru kd a&pDonfvnf; ,d, k iG ;f oGm;
ygvrd rhf nf? (If The Party Fails Then The Democracy Fails) ygwrD sm;rusq;kH a&;onf 'Dru kd a&pD
bufawmfom;rsm;.t"duOD;wnfcsu/f &nfreS ;f csujf zpfygonf? rdrt d wGuf ygwrD usq;kH atmif
xm0pOfowd}u;D pGmxm;=uygrnf?
Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;tqift h wef;jrifrh m;ygrS wdik ;f jynfonfvnf; tqift h wef;jrifrh m;vmyg
onf? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;. tqift h wef;jrifrh m;a&;wGiv f nf; ygwaD cgi;f aqmifrsm;ESiyhf gw0D ifrsm;.
t&nftaoG;ay:rlwnfaejyefygonf? ,ae@jrefrmEdik if . H Edik if aH &;onf 'kw, d vGwv f yfa&;wdu k yf JG
(0g) 'Dru kd a&pDEiS v hf Œl tcGit hf a&;wdu k yf t JG qifo h @kd jyefa&muf&adS eygonf? jrefrmjynfom;rsm;tae
jzifh yxrvGwv f yfa&;udk +Aw d o d #uv kd ekd rD sm;vufrS wdu k , f cl =hJ u&ygonf? yxrvGwv f yfa&;wdu k yf JG
umvwGif ,cktcsed t f cguo hJ @kd Edik if aH &;vrf;paysmufvv k jk zpfczhJ ;l ygonf?
1937 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (14) &ufae@wiG f e*g;eDpmtkyt f oif;}u;D rSxw k o f nfh 'D'w k *f sme,f
t,f'w D m OD;bcdik . f “jrefrmjynfEikd if aH &;&mZ0if” pmtkyrf S ,cktcsed t f cgumvESihf E_id ;f ,SOu f m
oifcef;pm,loifo h nfh oH;k oyfcsuw f csKd Œudk atmufwiG f t&if;twdik ;f azmfjyygrnf?
“jrefrmjynf. vuf&EdS ikd if aH &;tajctaeuk=d unfrh nfqv kd #if a&S; (15) ESpaf usmu f vkycf hJ
aom Edik if aH &;xuf rsm;pGmtqift h wef;atmufusv#u&f o dS nfukd awGŒ&S&d ayvdrrhf nf? trSeu f dk
xkwaf zmfajymqd&k rnfqv kd #if ,ckpma&;onft h csed w f iG f Edik if aH &;r&So d avmufjzpfI ygww D ckEiS w hf ck
wduk zf su&f efvyk if ef;ESihf ud, k u f sKd ;&Smvkyif ef;rsm;omv#if &SI d aeawmh.? TuJo h @kd Edik if aH &;yaysmufcg
vGwv f yfa&;vrf;pwH;k Iae&jcif;. ta=umif;&if;ud&k mS rnfqv kd #if atmufygtcsuw f @kd wiG f wnfI
aeonfuakd wGŒ&Sad yvdrrhf nf?
1? vGwv f yfa&;. t&omudk aumif;pGmrodem;rvnfojzifh ESpEf pS òf cduòf cduf rvdv k m;
=ujcif;?
2? ZmwdaoG;Zmwdrmefw@kd xufoifo h avmuf rxufoefjcif;?
3? trsKd ;udck spo f ifo h avmuf rcsp=f ujcif;?
4? Edik if aH &;vkyif ef;wGif acgi;f aqmifrsm; r±d;k rajzmifjh cif;?
410
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;
5? aemufvu dk rf sm;onf acgi;f aqmifrsm; r±d;k rajzmifo h nfuo dk v d #uf ZGwrf w Sd cf g vmbf
udak r#mI f acgi;f aqmifrsm;udk tm;ay;cg Edik if aH &;udk vkyaf qmif=uolrsm;jcif;?
6? tepfemrcHv=kd ujcif;?
7? rdrw d @kd wm0efukd rodem;rvnf=ujcif;?
8? jrefrmvlrsKd ;rsm;onf aygi;f pyfz@JG pnf;Ivky&f aom tvkyrf sm;udk ru|r;f usif em;r
vnf=ujcif;?
9? acgi;f aqmifaumif;rsm;enf;yg;jcif;?
10? acgi;f aqmifaumif;rsm;udk wm0efrt hJ uef@towfr&Sb d J ,H=k unf=ujcif;?
11? aemufvu kd rf sm;wGif trSm;trSeu f kd qH;k jzwfEikd af om ud, k yf ikd ^f m%fenf;yg;=uojzifh
acgi;f aqmifrsm;udk yk*v ~ "dÏmefEiS hf ,H=k unfjcif;?
12? wcgu tepfemcHczhJ ;l aomacgi;f aqmifonf aemifrnfr#yif wdik ;f jynf. ysupf ;D &m
ysupf ;D a=umif;udk vkyaf qmifaomfvnf; cGiv hf w $ vf adk om pdwx f m;rsm;&Sjd cif;?
13? trSm;trSeu f kd *±krpkud b f J ygwpD JG pGI J xm;jcif;?
14? oD;cHpw d rf &Sbd J vkyaf qmif=ujcif;?
15? tdrw f iG ;f a&;ESihf wdik ;f jynfa&;udak &mjcif;?
16? oHCmrsm;.pum;udk trSm;trSe*f ±krpdu k bf J woa0rwdr;f emcHjcif;?
17? tpd;k &u y&d,m,ftrsKd ;rsKd ;ESihf zsuo f nfudk ra&SmifEikd =f ujcif;?
18? Edik if jH cm;A[kow k enf;ojzifh xajrmufatmifjrifaomvrf;rsm;ukd twkr,lwwf
jcif;?
19? t*Fvyd pf mwwfrsm;udk rdrw d @kd EiS hf 0g'rwlonft h cg oHo,jzpfatmif ajymqdpk yG f
pGw J wfjcif;?
20? wm0efrhJ wOD;ESiw hf OD; ykwcf wfajymqdjk cif;?
21? taemufEikd if H "e&Sirf sm;u pDrzH efw;D cgay;vdu k af om bGŒJ xl;*k%x f ;l &So
d rl sm;udk txif
}u;D cg w[kww f nf; acgi;f aqmif.tajctaeudk oGwo f iG ;f wwfjcif;rsm;wGif wnfI
aeonfuakd wGŒ&S&d ayvdrrhf nf? ”

vGecf ahJ omESpaf ygi;f (65) ESpu f mvu jrefrmjynf.Edik if aH &;ESihf ,ckumvjrefrmjynf.Edik if H
a&;onf xl;rjcm;em;rsm;jzpfaeygovm;? ckid rf mwd;k wufaeygovm;? qko d nfrsm;udk Edik if aH &;orm;
b0cH,x l m;ol rsKd ;csprf sm;taejzifh ud, k uhf , kd u
f akd 0zefqef;ppfum “ysut f pOfjyifc%” rlu, kd =l u&
ygvrd rhf nf? jrefrmjynfwiG f ppf,el aD zmif;0wfum “Edik if aH &;orm;EdrS ef if;a&;0g'” udpk u JG ikd I
f Edik if H
awmftm%mudk ±du k pf m;ae=uaom ppfAv kd cf sKyf}uD;rsm;.&efuvnf;rao;vSyg?
Adv
k cf sKyfae0if;utpðy+yD; Adv k cf sKyfoef;a&$tqH;k ppft%m&Sirf sm;onf Edik if aH &;orm;rsm;
tm; owfoifo h ul okd wf/ axmifcsoifo h u l akd xmifcs/ jynfEiS o f ifo
h ul jdk ynfEiS /f trnfysu/f b0ysuf
atmifvyk o f ifo h ul v dk yk /f ta&;t&mra&mufaom &mxl;rsm;ay;+yD; acsmifx;dk oifo h ul kd acsmifx;kd
paom enf;y&d,m,frsKd ;pHu k o
dk ;kH um ArmhEikd if aH &;udk zsuq f ;D vmcJo h nfrmS vnf; =um+yjD zpfygonf?
Adv
k cf sKyaf e0if;onf 1964 ckEpS /f rwfv (28) &ufae@wiG f “1964 ckEpS /f trsKd ;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;
411
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

udk umuG,o f nfOh ya'” udk jyÏmef;um ‚if;.cg;ydu k af qmif rqvygwED iS hf ,if;ygw. D OD;aqmifru _ kd
cH,al om tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;rSty useEf ikd if aH &;tzG@J tpnf;tm;vH;k udk zsuo f rd ;f cJyh gonf? (,if; Oya'
xGucf gpu &cdik Ef ikd if aH &;orm;}u;D wOD;u trsKd ;om;Edik if aH &;ukd yufyufpufpufa0zefygonf? cvo
Edik if aH &;[kom ,Of,Ofaus;aus;azmfjyvdyk gonf? acG;vdk aemufvu kd if ,fom;rsm;udo k m arG;aom
Adv k cf sKyfae0if;. trsKd ;om;a&;0g'[komazmfjyyg&ap?)
1988ckEpS w f iG f jynfov l x
l t k ºkH urG a_ =umifh Adv k cf sKyf}u;D ae0if;onf wygwt D m%m&Sipf epfrS
ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDpepfukd jyefwrf;wjyef&mS ygonf? Adv k cf sKyfae0if;u tpydsK;cJah om ppft%m&Sipf epf
ESihf wygwt D m%m&Sipf epfq;kd a=umifh Adv k cf sKyfoef;a&$vufatmufa&mufonft h csed w f iG f wdik ;f ol
jynfom;rsm;onf urBmwGif trGq J ;kH vlrsKd ;pm&if;0ifum jynfwiG ;f rzlvI kH xrif;eyfreS yf if rpm;=u&
onfb h 0usa&mufomG ;ygawmhonf? od@k &mwGif uG,v f eG o f mG ;ol (e0w) pufr0_ ef}u;D 'kw, d Adv
k cf sKyf
}u;D pdeaf tmif (w±kw}f u;D ) tm;&nfp;l I ‚if;. ZeD;ESio hf m;orD;rsm;uyifv#if auvmoyHak wmfymG ;
apwDawmftwGuf aiGusyf (153) ode;f ESihf &[ef;cHyt JG wGuf usyf (36) ode;f ponfjzifh tvªtwef;
ay;aeonfh owif;"gwyf rkH sm;udk owif;pmrsm;wGiaf wGŒjrifae&ygonf? ppfAv kd rf sm; rnfIrnfr#c;kd
0Sux f m;onfudk bk&m;od/ oHCmawmfrsm;todyifjzpfygonf? rnfonfEh ikd if aH &;orm; wOD;w
a,mufr# ppfAv kd t f m%mydik rf sm;avmuf rcd;k r0Su=f uyg?
1990 jynfEpS w f iG f ppftm%m&Sirf sm;uyif ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDa&G;aumufyu JG kd usi;f yay;cJyh g
onf? jynfoŒl v$waf wmfupkd m;vS,t f rsm;tjym; ta&G;cH=u&onfh &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ rGef
trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf/ vm;[ltrsKd ;om;zGŒH òz;d wd;k wufa&;ygw/D csi;f trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ
csKyfEiS hf Zdrk ;D trsKd ;om;uGe*f &ufygt0if wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;tm;ud, k pf m;ðyaom Edik if aH &;ygwpD pk k
aygi;f (27) ygwjD zifh pkpnf;zGŒJ pnf;xm;aom jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf
(UNLD) udk wzufowf rw&m;zsuo f rd ;f vdu k =f ujyefonf? etzppfaumifpt D aejzifh wbufwiG f
'Dru kd a&pDpepfusio hf ;kH &ef oHEÏdM mefcsxm;+y;D yg+y[ D k urBmu h v k or*~tzGŒJ csKy}f u;D udyk if vdrn f mv#u&f dS
um wjcm;wbufwiG f Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;tm; ao;odryf aysmufomG ;atmif =upH nf tm;xkwv f #uf
&Sad eygonf?
jynfwiG ;f wGif &yfwnfciG rhf &v#if jynfywGif zGŒJ pnf;v_y&f mS ;ae=uaom Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;
tm;vnf; tjrpfjywfppfqifae=uygonf? +Aw d o d #uv kd ekd aD cwfwiG yf if jrefrmjynf&dS Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;
ESihf Edik if aH &;orm;.b0onf rqv/ e0w/ etzacwfavmufrqd;k 0g;cJyh g? tEdrS ef if;rcHc=hJ u&yg?
Edik if aH &;orm;rsm;tm;vH;k tm; 0g;vH;k odr;f usKH ; tjrpfðywfErSd ef if;onf0h g'onf jrefrmjynfojl ynfom;
rsm;tm; urBmt h v,fwiG f atmufwef;tusq;kH b0od‹k usa&mufapygonf? Edik if aH &;orm;wGif
vnf; -
(1) ud, k u f sKd ;twWwckwnf;udo k m tav;xm;+yD; jynfo@l tusKd ;/ wdik ;f jynftusKd ;udk
*±krðyaom twkta,mifrsm;/
(2) jynfoEl iS hf wdik ;f jynftusKd ;udo k m OD;xdyx f m;+yD; ud, k u f sKd ;twWukd r=unfah om Edik if H
a&;orm; tppftrSerf sm;ESihf
(3) jynfoEl iS hf wdik ;f usKd ;jynfusd K;udk OD;xdyx f m;v#uf ud, k u f sKd ;twWukd aemufwef;xm;um
y&[dwESihf twW[w d pdwx f m;udk arG;aom Edik if aH &;orm;aumif;rsm; ponfjzifh
412
ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

&Syd gonf?
taumif;rsm;+yD; tqd;k enf;ygonf?
ppf0wfpt kH a&òcH Edik if aH &;±du
k pf m;rsm;wGif tm;vH;k tqd;k eD;yg;jzpfum aiGa=u;csr;f omae=uyg
onf? ±d;k ±d;k ppfom;rsm;rSm qif;&Jae=uygonf? ppftm%m&Sirf sm;. Edik if aH &;orm;ESrd ef if;a&;0g'ukd
qef@usiv f o kd rl sm;onf odumQ / orm"d/ tusiyhf nmt&mwGif jynfpakH tmifóu;d pm;tm;xkw=f u&yg
rnf? Edik if aH &;orm;rsm; pGr;f tm;&Srd o S m 'Drukd a&pDpepf&iS of efvmum wdik ;f jynfonfvnf; tqifh
jrifv
h mEdik yf gonf? Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;&Sio f efa&;ESihf 'Dru
kd a&pDpepf tpysKd ;cdik +f rJvmap&ef óud;pm;=u
ygp@kd ? ?
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (jynfy) jyef-um;a&;XmerS xkwaf 0onfh "Voice of Arakan"
&cdik 'f rD u
twGJ (1)/ trSwf (9) 'DZifbmv/ 2002 ckEpS f (218) ESpaf jrmuf &cdik jf ynf tcsKyftcsmtm%m
usq;kH aomaeΠtxdr;f trSwt f xl;xkwf pmrsuEf mS (2) rS ====

“EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;qdkonfrSm”

Edik if aH &;v_y&f mS ;r_wiG f wufºuGpmG yg0ifaqmif&u G rf u

_ kd ta=umif;ðyI Oya'yk'rf wpfcck jk zifh
ta&;,l zrf;qD;/ tusO;f csc&H aom twdu k tf cHEikd if aH &;orm;udk “Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;” [kac:qdk
=uonf?
rqvacwfu 1980 jy!fEh pS /f arv/ ( 28 )&ufae@wiG f Edik if aH wmfaumifpt D aejzifh vGw+f ird ;f
csr;f omcGit hf rde@f xkwjf yefczJ ;l onf? xdt k rde@f . tyd'k (f 2)wGif “TvGw+f idr;f csr;f omcGit hf rde@f ukd
xkwjf yefo!fah e@rwdik rf u D ‘Edik if aH &;jypfr’_ wpf&yf&yfukd usL;vGecf o hJ rl sm;tm; vGw+f idr;f csr;f omcGihf
ay;vdu k of nf” [k yg&&dS m xdk “Edik if aH &;jypfr”_ qdak om pum;&yfEiS hf ywfoufI Edik if aH wmfaumifpD
u t"dyg` ,zf iG q hf akd y;&ef jynfoŒl w&m;ol}uD;tzGŒJ u Edik if aH wmfaumifpo D @kd jyefvnfwifjycJo h nf?
Edik if aH wmfaumifpu D jyef=um;cJ&h mwGif -
(u) rw&m;oif; tuf Oya't&jypfrr_ sm;?
(c) jypfrO_ ya'yk'rf -121 rS 130 (c)txdyg tpd;k &udk qef@usiaf om jypfrr_ sm;?
(*) jypfrO_ ya'tcef; (8)yg Edik if aH wmf +ird 0f yfa&;udk ysuaf paom jypfrr_ sm;Esihf ywfoufI
jypfrq _ ikd &f m Oya'yk'rf _ -143/ 144/ 145/ 147/ 148/ 151/ 152/ 153/ 153(u)t&
jypfrr_ sm;?
(C) 1950 jy!fEh pS f ta&;ay: pDrrH _ tufOya't& jypfrr_ sm; - Oyrm yk'rf - 5(n)?
(i) Edik if aH wmfukd OD;aqmifaom vyf;pOfygwt D m; umuG,o f !fh Oya't& jypfrr_ sm;?
(p) Edik if aH wmftm; aESmif, h u
S zf suq f ;D vdok rl sm;. ab;tE &W m,frS umuG,o f !fh Oya'
t& jypfrr_ sm; - yk'rf / 10(u)/ 10(c) ESi(hf q) jynfoŒl vGwaf wmfEiS hf jynfoŒl aumifpD
tqifq h ifah &G;cs,w f ifajrm‡ ufjcif;qdik &f m Oya't& jypfrr_ sm;onf “Edik if aH &;jypfr”_
qdo k !fh pum;&yfwiG f tusK;H 0ifa=umif; azmfjyyg&o dS nfukd rSwo f m;awGŒ&Syd gonf?
413
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

“usrwk‹d [m trsm;jynfou l ae_y;D awmh

a&G;cs,w f ifajrm‡ ufxm;wJh
v$waf wmfukd uk, d pf m;ðywJh tzGŒJ jzpfygw,f?
tJ'v
D w$ af wmf&ŒJ ud, k pf m;vS,f (50)&mckid Ef e+ ;f ausm&f ŒJ
vkyaf qmifyikd cf iG u
hf kd &&Sx d m;wJh tzGŒJ vnf;jzpfygw,f?
'ga-umifrh ‹kd v‹kd
usrwk‹d &ŒJ vkyaf qmifcsuaf wGukd
wyfrawmfom;rsm; tygt0if Ekid if o H El idk if o
H m;tm;vk;H
0dik ;f 0ef;_yD;awmh axmufc-H uygvk‹d
usrtaeeJ‹ arwWm&yfccH siyf g w,f//”

a':atmifq
f ef;pk-unf
(19 = 9 = 1998)

,ae@ jrefrmEdik if . H tusO;f axmifrsm;Y Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm; &S/d r&Sd tjiif;yGm;zG,jf zpf
aeo!fu h pd w P iG f txuftyd'k yf g Edik if aH &;jypfrr_ sm;pm&if; (u)/ (c)/ (*)/ (C)/ ESihf (p) pm&if;rsm;yg
Edik if aH &;jypfrq _ ikd &f m yk'rf rsm;jzifyh if ,cktcsed x
f d zrf;qD;jcif;/ xde;f odr;f ;jcif;/ tusO;f csjcif; cHae&
onf?
Edik if aH &;orm;rsm; ajrmufjrm;pGm&Sad eo!ht f csuu f ,ae@jrefrmEdik if . H tusO;f axmif
toD;oD;Y Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm; &Sad ea=umif;udk xif&mS ;pGm !¸ejf yaeonf[k qd&k rnfjzpfonf?

Oya'ynm&Siw
f OD;

414
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f rf; rSw&f mrsm;

atmifapownf; æ jrefvGrw fvyfa&&;opP

mouU mt"dXEmef
mZf 1309ck pS /f (jymod
9)csufv
k jynfah usmf (9)&uf 1948 ckEpS /f
Zefe0g&v
D (4)&uf we*FaEGae@/ aumif;jrwfaom r*FvmtcgY T æ igw@dk jrefrmjynfonf vk;H 0
vGwvf yfaom tcsKyt
f jcm tm%mydik f jynfaxmifpo k rRwjrefrmEkid if aH wmf}u;D tjzpfo@dk a&mufap
ownf;?

1? igw@dk onf Tae@Ttcsed rf pS I igw@kd tm; vGwv f yfaom vrf;od@k yd@k aqmifcahJ om igw@dk .
acgi;f aqmif}uD; Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef; csrw
S cf o
hJ nfh vrf;pOftwdik ;f woa0rwdr;f csw D ufrnf//

2? igw@kd onf Tae@Ttcsed rf pS I igw@kd onf jynfaxmifpo

k rRw jrefrmEkid if aH wmf}uD;.
opPmudk raoGrznf apmifx
h ed ;f rnf?

3? igw@kd onf Tae@/ Ttcsed rf pS I vGwvf yfaom Ekid if o H m;wk@d . rGejf rwfaom tcGit hf a&;
udk cH,o
l nfeh nf;wl/ vGwv
f yfaom Ekid if o
H m;wk@d . wm0efEiS 0hf wW&m;rsm;udv k nf; rwdr;f riJh xrf;
aqmifrnf?

4? igwdk@onf Tae@/ TtcsdefrSpI igwkd@acgif;aqmif}uD;AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;. vkH@v

O\[jzifh &&Sd+yD;jzpfaom trdsK;om;nD!Gwfa&;udk ausmufpdkifausmufcJuJhodk@ ckdifjrJatmif
xde;f odr;f rnf?

5? igw@kd onf Tae@/ Ttcsed rf pS I igw@dk Eidk if aH wmfom;[loa&GŒudk }u;D §i,f/ eD;§a0; rjcm;
waoG;wom;wnf;ðyI enf;§rsm;/ edr§hf jrifh r&Sad p&/ nDwn l rD #ðyrnf?

6// igw@kd onf Tae@/ Ttcsed rf pS I olwyg;udv

k nf;rw&m;rðy/ igw@dk tm;rw&m;ðyonfuv
kd nf;f rcH/
toufEiS v hf I
J umuG,rf nf//

7? igw@kd onf Tae@/ Ttcsed rf pS I igw@kd Eidk if aH wmf}u;D . w&m;Oya'rsm;udk ±kad opGm vku
d f
emusio
hf ;Hk rnf?

8? igw@kd onf Tae@/ Ttcsed rf pS I igw@kd Eidk if EH iS hf igw@dk vw

G v
f yfa&;udk toufEiS v
hf I
J um
uG,af pmifah &Smufrnf?

9? vk;H 0vGwv f yfaom jynfaxmifpo k rRwjrefrmEkid if aH wmf}u;D urBm&Snw

f nf+raJ &;wm0ef
onf igw@kd EiS hf wuG igw@dk om;ajr; aemifvm tqufqufw@dk tay: Ywnfaprnf?

Tigw@dk opPmt"dÏmefreS o
f nft
h wdik ;f igw@kd jynfaxmifpo
k rRwjrefrmEkid if aH wmf}uD;onf
urBmt&Snf wnfapownf;//

1948 ckEpS /f vGwv

f yfa&;&&Spd Oftcsed u
f cH,t
l "dXmefðycJ-h uonfh t"dXmefpmwrf;jzpfygonf

415
 jynfoŒl vw
$ af wmf uk,
d pf m;ðyaumfrwD

1998 ckEpS /f ZGev

f (23)&ufae‹u trsdK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyfrS etz OuUXxH -o*kwvf (21)&uf
aeŒrwdik rf D v$waf wmfac:,lzŒJG pnf;ay;&efawmif;qd_k yD;aemuf wjynfv;kH v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
rsm;tm; etz rS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJ&h m ,if;v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; jynfoŒl v$waf wmf
ud,
k pf m;ðyaumfrwDrS ay;tyfonf*h % k ðf yv$m?

416