002 NyarnaKatharallportions

ÓPuxm 1
yXrtkyf
½SiÓ
f P
(udk,fwdkifzwf½IavYvm okawoejyK avYusifY&eftwGuf ul;,lygonf? wpfqifY jzefYa0cGifYrjyK)

2 ÓPuxm

ÓPuxm 3
rmwdum
trSwf pmrsufESm
taMumif;t&m
pOf
rmwdum 3
tcef;(1)
ÓPuxmed'gef; 9
1/ ynm½Sw d tYkd m; pum; 11
2/ ÓPuxm 20
3/ ÓPb,fov l J 21
tcef;(2)
i,fpOfb0u ½SifÓPajympum;rsm; 23
4/ ÓPi,fpOfupum; 25
5/ ig;ESp½f ,G çf q,fEpS ½f ,
G u
f pum; 26
6/ ud&k ifÓP&JU tawG;pum; 28
7/ bk&m;udak jymaom pum; 29
8/ pdwfupm;pOfu pum;rsm; 33
9/ pmoifom;b0 pum; 35
10/ uefpGef;cif;xJrSmNidaewkef;u pum; 37
11/ uefpGef;cif;u½kef;xGufaewJY pum; 42
12/ w&m;½SmaMumif; ajympum; 47
13/ pmoifom;b0 pmjyefpOfupum; 51
14/ acwftjriftaMumif; ajympum; 53
15/ OyZÑm,fq&mausmif;rSm ajympum; 55

4 ÓPuxm
rmwdum(tquf)
trSwf pmrsuf
taMumif;t&m
pOf ESm
16/ a,mtaMumif; pum; 57
17/ olwY ynfv h il ,ftm; ajympum; 60
18/ ur®0gpmtaMumif;ajymaompum; 64
19/ jrefrmYpG,fpkHusrf;taMumif; ajymaompum; 67
20/ ykw;D pdyt f aMumif; ajymaompum; 69
21/ awmausmif;aezdYk ajymaompum; 72
22/ y&d,wåw d uúov kd t
f aMumif; ajymaompum; 76
23/ ,aeYomoemtaMumif; ajymaompum; 81
24/ ½GmrSm rdrdxufBuD;wJY ½Gmom;rsm;eJY ajymaompum; 84
25/ ½GmwumBu;D rsm;eJY ajymaompum; 90
26/ q|oH*g,emtaMumif; ajymaompum; 97
27/ ud, k yf ikd pf mtaMumif; ajymaompum; 101
28/ rEÅav; rpdk;&drfwdkufü oli,fcsif;rsm;eJY ajymaom 105
aocsma&&mpum;
29/ pmoifwu dk jf yef OD;yÍÆi;f ESiYf awmaezdYk ajymaompum; 109
30/ yk*b H &k m;taMumif; ajymaompum; 114

ÓPuxm 5
rmwdum(tquf)
trSwf pmrsuf
pOf taMumif;t&m
ESm
tcef;(3)
awmausmif;aepOfu ½SiÓ f Pajympum;rsm; 125
31/ awmausmif;ü oli,fcsi;f OD;yOÆi;f rsm;eJY ajymaompum; 127
32/ rdwaf qGbek ;f Bu;D rsm;ESiYf w&m;taMumif;ajymaom 137
pum;
tcef;(4)
y#dywf½Sifrsm;ESifY w&m;wdkufppfaq;pOfu 153
33/ ½SiÓf Pajympum;rsm;
ok;H q,fay;q&mawmfBu;D ESiYf w&m;aqG;aEG;pum; 155
(u) w&m;wdu k qf ikd jf cif;\ &nfreS ;f csu3f &yftaMumif; 157
pum; 160
( c) ppfukdif; y&uúrq&mawmfrsm;ESifY awGUqkHpum;
( *) ÓPpm*Dq&mawmfEiS Yf w&m;wdu k qf ikd af qG;aEG; 161
csupf um; 163
(C) rdk;ukwfq&mawmfw&m;ESifY wdkufqdkifaqG;aEG;
pum; 166
( i) ausmufoabFmq&mawmfw&m;ESiYf wdu k qf ikd f
aqG;aEG;csupf um; 172
( p) a0blq&mawmfEiS Yf awGUqkaH jympum;

6 ÓPuxm
rmwdum(tquf)
trSwf pmrsuf
pOf taMumif;t&m
ESm
(q) oJtif;*lq&mawmfw&m;ESiYf wdu k q f ikd af qG;aEG; 173
csupf um;
( Z) oHvsiaf wm&q&mawmfw&m;ESiYf wdu k q f ikd af qG; 173
aEG;csupf um;
( ps) q&mawmf½iS Of uú|ESiYf wdu k qf ikd af qG;aEG;csuf 174
pum;
(n) aMumifyef;q&mawmfw&m;ESiYf wdu k qf ikd af qG;aEG; 175
csupf um;
( #) ,aeYy#dywf ½ly'óersm;aeaMumif; pum; 178
( X) y&rw¬acszsuw f m t½ly'óejzpfaMumif; pum; 185
( !) ½lyg½lyw&m;udk edAmÁ efvYkd rjrifb;l rl;-jrpfxifMu 187
aMumif; pum; 195
( ¡) ½lyg½lyorm;awG uHvufrcHvYkd ed,wrdpmä 'd|jd zpf
aMumif;pum;

ÓPuxm 7
rmwdum(tqkH;)
trSwf pmrsufESm
taMumif;t&m
pOf
tcef;(5)
w&m;aqG;aEG; ajympum;rsm; 209
34/ pHawmfrlawmifay:ü ajymaom oHa0*ÓPfw&m; 211
pum;
35/ pHawmfrlawmifay:ü 'd|djzKwfzdkY w&m;pum; 220
36/ pHawmfral wmifay:üajymaom ud, k bYf 0odzv
Ykd kd w&m; 227
pum;
37/ pHawmfral wmifay:üajymaom bk&mYw&m;ppfw&m; 238
pum;
38/ jrpfi,fNrKd U? oBueF af usmif;ü aqG;aEG;aom w&m;pum; 279
39/ ½Siyf ifpuúed ;f wJ*w
l iG ;f ü ud&k ifBu;D tm;ajymaom w&m; 291
pum;
40/ ewfraDS wm&q&mawmf ½SiOf uú|tm; ajymaompum; 294
41/ ewfraDS wm&a*gyuOuú|tm; ajymqdak ompum; 300
42/ ewfraDS wm&wdu k tf yk Ef iS w
Yf ynfrh sm;tm; ajymqdak om 304
pum;

8 ÓPuxm
rmwdum(tqkH;)
trSwf pmrsufESm
pOf taMumif;t&m
tcef;(6)
a'oEÅ&ajympum;rsm;(1) 311
43/ vm;½I;d NrKd Uausmif;ü {nfo h nfbek ;f Bu;D tm; ajymqdak om 313
pum;
44/ rd;k n§i;f NrKd U? ompnf&yf a':cifEiS ;f tm; ajymaompum; 318
45/ pHawmfral wmifüajymaom tvHwpf&mapwDtaMumif; 322
pum;
46/ rif;uGef;awmif½dk;ü ajymqdkaom tarGcGJa0ykHpum; 330
47/ a½Tjrifwifausmif;ü ajymqdak om edAmÁ e'DyeDb,fvJ 334
pum;
48/ a&Tjrifwifawmifüajymqdak omy|mef;taMumif;pum; 338
49/ rif;uGef;awmif½dk;ü ajymqdkaom tarBuD;tokb 341
pum;
50/ a½Tjrifwifawmifü ajymqdak om edAmÁ eftaMumif;pum; 347

ÓPuxm 9
tcef;(1)
ÓPuxmed'gef;

10 ÓPuxm

ÓPuxm 11
tcef;(1)
ÓPuxmed'gef;
1/ ynm½Sw d tYkd m; pum;

]ynm½Sw d t
Ykd m; pum;}vdYk a½S;qd½k ;kd pum; ½dw
S ,f/ ynm½So d l
rSm rausrysuEf ikd w f pYJ um;awG ½Sw
d mudk azmfjywJpY um;yJ/ tJonf
pum;[m tzd;k vnf;wefw,f/ olt Y odÓPfu xGuv f mwJY t
aumiftxnfawGvnf; jzpfw,f/ tJonfpum;eJY tcsnt f aESmif
tzdEydS cf &H NyqD v kd sif b,forl Q vGwaf tmif ½ke;f xGuEf ikd t f m; r½SMd u
bl;/ 'gaMumifY onfpum;[m tm;yJ/ tJonftm;[m ynm½Sw d Ykd
&JUtm;aygY/
pum;udk vlawG wpfoufv;Hk ajymaeMuwmyJ/J 'gayrJY quf

oG,af &;ypön;f wpfcx k uf ydv
k eG af tmifajymEdik wf m r½So
d avmuf
yJ/ tvGeef nf;enf;uav;yJ onfxufyw kd m awGU&w,f/ vlo Y
rdik ;f wavsmuf ajymcJMY uwJpY um;awG toacsjF zpfatmif a&wGuf
r&wJt Y xd ½Sw d maygY/ tJonf pum;awG tm;vk;H eD;yg; ausysuo f mG ;
cJMY uw,f/ tzwfwifusecf w YJ YJ pum;qdv k Ykd rajymom oavmufyJ
½Sw
d ,f/ tJonfpum;[m umv? Xme? ya,m*wd&Yk UJ twdu k pf m;udk
cHEikd &f nf½wdS YJ pum;yJ/
tJonfpum;udk-
]tjrKawuswJYpum;}
]tjrKaw"mwf0ifwpYJ um;} vdv Yk nf; ajymvd&Yk w,f/

12 ÓPuxm
onfpum;rsKd ; wpfoufwmvk;H wpfv;Hk jynhaf tmif ajym

oGm;Edik w
f o
YJ u
l kd ud,
k o
Yf rdik ;f twGi;f rSmawGU&zdYk rvG,b f ;l / onfpum;
rsKd ;xuf atmufem;uswYJ ud, k yf ikd pf um;ajymoluykd J ud, k v
hf ufvrS ;f
rSo
D rQ ordik ;f twGi;f rSmyJ tvGet f cJtuyf ½Sm,lvsiyf if tenf;
tyg;awGU&zdUk ½Sw d ,f/
'gaMumifY a½S;vlawGu pum;ukd "m;ESiYf OyrmaqmifMu

w,f-
]aeYpOfcw k vf suf rjywfwm"m;?
aeYpOfajymvsuf rwwfwm pum;}-vdUk yJ/
"m;[m ckwv f suf rjywfwmyJ/ pum;u ajymvsuf rwwf
wmaygY/ ok;H vdYk wk;H oGm;wmudk ajymvd[k ef½w
dS ,f/ "m;[m rsm;rsm;
ok;H awmh rsm;rsm;yJ wk;H w,f/ pum;vnf; rsm;rsm;ok;H awmh rsm;rsm;yJ
wk;H wmaygY/ 'gaMumifY pum;udk vlawG trsm;Bu;D ajymaeMuayrJY
xifusecf w YJ pYJ um;[m ½Sm;½Sm;yg;yg;yJ ½Sw
d ,f/
usr;f awGç*efawG pmayawG[m xifusecf w YJ pYJ um;vdYk ajym&

rSmyJ/ pmxJrmS vnf; ud, k yf idk pf um; r½So d avmufbJ jzpfw,f/
[dpk ok nfpk rSwpf rk w S &f mawG rsm;w,f/ tJ'gawGxrJ mS ud, k yf ikd pf um;
qdw k m r½SEd ikd yf gbl;/ olrsm;pum;awG raysmufr½Satmif rSwx f m;ç
pkxm;Ny;D aemifval wG avYvm&atmif vkyx f m;wJpY mawG jzpfvyYkd g/
ud, k yf idk pf um;[m ud, k yf ikd f qef;opfwt YJ jrifeYJ wDxiG rf aI wG
uom aygufzmG ;ay;Edik w f YJ t&myJ/J ud, k 0hf ef;usif ud, k o hf rdik ;f xJrmS
qef;opfojd rif wDxiG w f m bmrQr½Sb d ;l qdv k sif ud,k yf ikd pf um;qdw k m
ÓPuxm 13
r½Sd&bl;aygY/ jrefrmh vlYabmifordkif;0ef;usifrSm qef;opfodjrif

wDxiG w f muvnf; jyp&m r½Sad tmifbJ ½Sm;ygw,f/ okawoe
ynm½Siaf wG cJcuJ yfuyf ½SmazGavYvmrS tenf;tyg;yJ awGU&rvdk
vdk ½Sw
d ,f/
a½S;tcgu b,fb&k ifBu;D ajymcJw Y pYJ um;qdNk y;D ud, k yf ikd f

vnf;jzpfwJY rausysufEdkifavmufatmif tjrKaw"mwf0ifaewJY
pum;wpfcck k &mZ0ifrmS awGUzdUk rvG,b f ;l / rSL;Bu;D rwfBu;D ynm½SBd u;D
qdo
k al wG&UJ pum;vnf; onfvykd ?J awGUzdUk rvG,b f ;l / bke;f awmfBu;D
qdkolawG&JU pum;awmif awGUzdkUrvG,fbl;/ olrsm;ygxm;NyD;om;
cGxikd Nf y;D ? ud,
k yf gwm vkyw
f mcsn;f jzpfaewm awGU&w,f/
tkycf sKyaf &;ynm&yf? use;f rma&;ynm&yf? vlraI &;ynm&yf?

bmoma&;ynm&yf? tEkynm ynm&yf? t&yf&yfrmS yJ onftwdik ;f
jzpfw,f/ olrsm;[m ul;csMuwmawGyJ rsm;w,f/
ud,
k 0hf ef;usif ud,k ohf rdik ;f rSm yk*aH cwfavmufu pum;
awGtxd Mum;cGi½Yf w dS ,f/ pmay[m tJonfacwfrmS ouf0ifE;kd x
vmvdyYk /J rSww f rf;pmeJY usr;f pmawG trsm;tjym; ay:vmw,f/
tJ'gawGqrD mS ajymol&UJ ud, k yf idk pf um; awGU&zdYk r½Sb
d ;l / trw"mwf
uswpYJ um;awmh rajymeJyY J oDcsi;f awG? uAsmawGvnf; ½Sad eNy/D
'gawGvnf; onfvykd /J
tif;0acwfrmS awmh pmay[m tawmfBu;D us,jf yefv Y mae

14 ÓPuxm
NyD/ uAsmrSm &wk? &uef? tJ? tef? vuFm trsdK;rsdK;eJY jyZmwfoDcsif;

awGtxd ½Sv d mw,f/ usr;f pmrSmvnf; omoemawmfusr;f ? aq;
usr;f ? t*¾&d wfusr;f ? "r®jzwfx;Hk usr;f ? ay;pmç qk;H rpmawGeYJ jzpfaeNy/D
uke;f abmifacwfuawmY onfaeYe;D aeNyq D akd wmh jrefrmpm

tkypf ifrmS uke;f abmifacwfupmawG trsm;tjym; ae&m,lNyaD ygY/
avQmufxkH;awG? qkH;rpmawG? oa&mfpmawG? 0w¬Kqef;pmawG?
owif;pmawGtxd ½Sv d mNyaD ygY/ pmcReaf wmfawG? trdejYf yefwrf;awG?
pmcsKyaf ycsKyaf wGutp tao;pdwaf wGtxd odv&Ykd aeNy/D
onfpmawGxrJ mS bk&ifpum;? 0efpum;? t&yfpum;? rif;

om;çrif;orD;pum;? aq;q&mpum;? ukefonfçv,fvkyfpum;?
pum;tpkH tukeaf vmufukd avYvmcGi&Yf Edik w
f ,f/ bke;f Bu;D awG&UJ
pum;uawmY trsm;qk;H avYvmcGi&Yf wJpY um; jzpfvrd rYf ,f/
onfaeYacwfjzpfwYJ uke;f abmifacwftqk;H u onfuaeY

txdacwfuawmY pum;awG[m pmvk;H trSwt f om;tjzpf r½Sd
awmYwm r½Sd ajym&r,f/ t&yfxu J ao;ao;aomaom ajymqdk
csuftxd pmxJayxJ a&mufNyDjzpfwJY acwfaygY/ onfacwf[m
pum;awGavYvmzdUk tvG,u f q
l ;Hk acwfy/J 'gayrJY ud,
k yf ikd pf um;
½Sçd r½Sd avYvmzdUk uawmY onfacwf[m tjcm;acwfawGxuf enf;
enf;ydkvG,fwmyJ xl;w,f? tjrKawuswm avYvmzdkUusawmY
xl;jcm;rI r½Sb d ;l /
tjrKawuswpYJ um;[m pmayr½Sv d nf; pum;tpOfxJ wif
ÓPuxm 15
usecf w
YJ myJ/ ykjH yif'@m&DawGtjzpfeYJ jzpfjzpf? pum;yk0H w¬KtjzpfeYJ
jzpfjzpf? pmtjzpfeYJ jzpfjzpf? rEÅmeftjzpfeYJ jzpfjzpf? usr;f *eftjzpfeYJ
jzpfjzpfy/J pmacwfayacwfuawmY pmxJayxJrmS wifusew f maygY/
'gayrJY tjrKawuswYJ pum;uawmY urÇmESit Yf 0Sr;f jzpfwYJ vlo Y rdik ;f
rSmtxd ½Sm;yg;w,f/ jrefrmYvo Yl rdik ;f rSmawmY ud, k yf ikd pf um;udyk J
tawmf½Sm,l&r,f/
yk*HacwfavmufrSm udk,fydkifpum;vdkY ajym&avmufwJY

pum;wpfck awGU&w,f/
tJ'gu ]Moumo uefawmYcsKd ;} pum;yJ/
onfpum;[m ud, k yf ikd pf um;vdYk ajym&avmufw,f/ a½S;
u onfpepfrsKd ; ajympum;½Scd w YJ m rawGU&bl;/ ygVdrmS vnf; r½Sb d ;l /
t"dygÜ ,fu ud, k thf rSm;udk bk&m;pwmawGukd ½Scd ;kd Ny;D ? aemif
rvkyaf wmYbYkd 0efccH sujf yKwYJ pum;yJ/ pum;awGukd pyfMunfv h sif
av;eufrt I jynf½h w
dS m awGU&r,f/ trSm;awGukd pGecYf gG rI txyfxyf
jyKvu
kd w
f m[m r*fçzdv k çf edAmÁ efjzpfw,fvYkd t"dygÜ ,fay:w,f/
edAmÁ efqw
kd m tyg,fçuyfç&efoçl 0dywåçd Asoeqdw
k YJ qd;k 0g;rIcyf
odr;f uvGww f m jzpfw,fvv Ykd nf; ay:vGiwf ,f/
onfpum;[m t&d,mtodu, kd wf ikd ½f o

dS &l UJ t&d,mpum;
jzpfw,fvYkd odomw,f/ olrsm;awG&UJ b,fpum;ukrd S rS;D wJpY um;?
bmomjyefxm;wJpY um; r[kwb f ;l / 'gudk yk*AH rm a&;ovm;? oxkH

16 ÓPuxm
rGeaf &;ovm;awmY rodb;l / a&;ol[m ud, k yf ikd pf um;eJaY &;wm

qdkwmawmY odomw,f/ rGefordkif;rSm usrf;pmwpkHw&ma&;wm
trSwt f om; r½Sb
d ;l / onfawmY yk*AH rma&;wJpY mvkyYd J rSw&f vdrYf
r,f/
aemufxyfvnf; ud, k yf idk af jymoGm;wJY pum;av;cGe;f

avmuf awGU&ao;w,f-
wpfceG ;f u uke;f abmifacwfaemufem;rSm ajymwJpY um;yJ/
aemufwpfceG ;f u t*Fvyd af cwfrmS ajymwJY pum;wpfceG ;f yJ/
zqyvacwfrmS awmY ud, k yf ikd pf um;ESpcf eG ;f ajymw,f/
tm;vkH;u bkef;BuD;awGjzpfaew,f/
uke;f abmifacwfrmS ajymwJo Y el YJ ud,

k yf ikd pf um;u yXr
a½Tusif omoemydik q f &mawmfBu;D eJY ol&Y UJ -
]½kyfxl; emrfxl;}-qdw k pYJ um;yJ/
]½kyx f ;l emrfx;l }-[ma½S;u b,foal jymwmrS r½Sb d ;l / olY
udk,fydkifpum;yJ/ onfpum;udk vufvGwfpHy,f ajymoGm;wm
r[kwb f ;l / edAmÁ efqw
kd YJ Ak'b
¨ momawG tav;teufxm;&wJY w&m;
[m tJ'gyJ-vdYk usr;f Bu;D wpfapmifukd txifu&a&;Ny;D ajymqdo k mG ;
wm jzpfw,f/ tJonf ]½kyx f ;l emrfx;l }-[m wu,ft½Sd jzpfw,f
vdv Yk nf; oufao ouúm,awGeYJ ajymqdw k ,f/ 'gaMumifY ]½kyx f ;l
emrfx;l }-qdw k pYJ um;[m yXra½Tusiq f &mawmfBu;D &JU ud, k yf idk pf um;
yJ/

ÓPuxm 17
onfpum;udk olt Y arGqufcw H YJ 'kw,d a½Tusio f moem

ydik jf zpfwYJ wynfah wGu axmufcw H m r&bl;vdv Yk nf; rSwof m;&zl;
w,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf a½Tusiq f &mawmfBu;D [m onfpum;udk ud, k f
ydik pf um;tjzpfeYJ aygufzmG ;ay;cJw
Y m trSeyf /J
t*Fvyd af cwf ud, k yf idk pf um;ajymoluawmY aMumifyef;

awm&q&mawmfy/J yXrq&mawmfvm;? aemufq&mawmfxu J
wpfyg;yg;yJvm;? tJonfy*k Kd¾ v&f UJ pmayu azmfjyw,f/ ajymolu
awmY yXr q&mawmfyJ jzpfr,f/ ajympum;u-
]wk;H emrf wdik ef mrf}- jzpfw,f/
]wk;H emrf wdik ef mrf}-qdw

k pYJ um;[m a½S;tcgu b,frmS rSr½Sd
wJY pum;yJ/ q&mawmfBuD;&JU todÓPfxJrSmom½SdwJY pum;yJ/
wk;H ç wdik pf wJY t0dZrÆ meynwfawG[m ½kyaf wGr[kwb f ;l ? emrfawG
jzpfMuw,f/ ½kyfESpfq,fh½Spfyg;rSm wkH;çwdkiftp½SdwmawG rygbl;?
'gaMumifY ½kyrf [kwb f ;l / emrfawynmo xJrmS vnf; rygbl;? emrf
vnf; r[kwb f ;l /
wk;H çwdik q
f wkd mu ½kyaf wGukd pdwuf qef;Mu,fxm;wJt Y &m
jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifY wk;H çwdik [ f m wk;H emrf?wkid ef mrfjzpfw,f/ onfvkd
olu
Y ,kd yf ikd f todÓPfxu J xGuv f mwmjzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifY ]wk;H
emrf? wdik ef mrf}qdw k YJ pum;[m q&mawmfBu;D &JU ud, k yf ikd pf um; jzpf
w,f/ onfpum;[m q&mawmftaeeJY ywf0ef;usif oDwif;ok;H

18 ÓPuxm
azmf oHCmawGukd taygif;tazmftjzpfu pGev

Yf w
T &f wJt
Y xd ay;
qyfNy;D wnfaqmuf&wJpY um; jzpfw,f/
zqyvacwfrmS ud, k yf idk pf um; ajymwJY yXrolu ausmuf

qnfu ausmufoabFmq&mawmfyJ/
olu ]pdw-f pdwt f wdik ;f wdik ;f }-qdw
k YJ pum;udk ajymcJw Y ,f/
onfpum;udk q&mawmf toufEiS t Yf rQ wnfaqmuf
oGm;cJYw,f/ olYb0udk onfpum;vkH;ay: wifxm;wJYtxdygyJ/
onfpum;[mvnf; a½S;u tpteuav;awmif r½Scd w YJ YJ pum;yJ/
q&mawmfÓPfxu J om aygufzmG ;vmwJY pum;tppfjzpfw,f/
q&mawmf[m olpY um;&JU t&aumufjzpfwYJ w&m;ud, k u
f kd
]t½lyw&m;}-jzpfw,fvdkY odwmr[kwfcJYbl;/ avmukwå&mw&m;?
r*fçzdv
k w
f &m;vdyYk J ½d;k om;pGm odcw YJ mjzpfw,f/ aemufq;Hk txdvnf;
onfvydk J odomG ;cJw Y myJ/
t½lyw&m;rSm ]oEÅarwH yPDwarwH}-qdw k YJ w&m;t

uGuf ½Sw d ,f/]bmrQr½Sbd ;l }vdYk odaewJY tJonfpw d [f m Nird ;f w,f?
jrwfw,fqw kd YJ ae0onmemonm,we tuGuaf ygY/ 'gayrJY
'gudk q&mawmf rodb;l / olow d mu avmukw&å myJ? edAmÁ efy/J
onfawmY q&mawmf&UJ ]pdw-f pdwt f wdik ;f wdik ;f }-qdw
k pYJ um;
[m ]oEÅarwH}-udk bmomjyefvu kd w
f pYJ um; r[kwb f ;l / todct H m
½kaH wGa&m odpwd af wGuykd g ]jzpfNy;D vdYk r½Sad eawmY}-jzpfwYJ tedpv ö u©
Pmcsujf rifawmY ]bmrSr½Sb d ;l }-vdYk odawmYwmaygY/

ÓPuxm 19
]bmrSr½Sdwm-odwJYpdwf} qdkawmYvnf; bmjzpfcsifw,f?

rjzpfcsiwf ,f rygawmYb;l aygY/ tJonfawmY pdw[ f m udavom
r,SOfwJY oufoufpifMu,fwJY pdwfyJ/ onfpdwf[m Nidrf;at; jrifY
jrwfw,f/ onfawmY onfpw d [
f m ]pdwt f wdik ;f wdik ;f ½Sw
d pYJ w
d }f vdYk
q&mawmfu olÓ Y Pfxo J w
d mudk pum;vk;H tjzpf ajymqdo k mG ;wm
yJ/
'g[m t½lyjzpfpOf jzpfw,f-vdYk q&mawmf enf;enf;rQ
rOyg'fygbl;/ 'gaMumifY onfpum;[m tJonfurkd ;DS xm;wJpY um;
r[kwb f ;l / 'g- avmukw&å m r*fçzdv k çf edAmÁ efvYkd q&mawmf,MHk unf
w,f/ 'gudk olojd rifovdk xkwaf jymvdu k w f ,f/ 'gaMumifY onf
pum;[m olu Y ,kd yf ikd pf um; jzpfw,f/ onfpum;twGuf Ak'b ¨ m
omtrsm;pku uefu Y u G f qefu
Y sivf yk w
f mawG q&mawmfc&H w,f/
aemuf udk,fydkifpum; ajymolu awmifwGif;BuD;NrdKU ewfrSD

awm&q&mawmf ½SiOf uú|yJ/ q&mawmfajymwJY ud, k yf ikd pf um;u-
]vlaovljzpf}qdkwmyJ/
onfpum;[m a½S;t,ltajymtjzpf vkH;vkH;r½SdcJYbl;wJY
pum;yJ/ q&mawmf&UJ todtjzpf ÓPfxu J aygufymG ;cH&wJpY um;
jzpfw,f/ onfpum;udk q&mawmf wpfusr;f wpfzUJG wnfaqmufjy
oGm;w,f/ a[majymrIawGev YJ nf; tjynfyh yYH ;kd oGm;w,f/ Ak'b ¨ mom
oHCmawGu q&mawmfukd onfpum;twGuf Ak'b ¨ momoHCm
r[kwaf wmYb;l -vdYk owfrwS w f m? aMujimwmawG cH&wJt Y xd ay;
qyfNy;D 'gudk q&mawmf wnfaqmufomG ;cJw Y ,f/

20 ÓPuxm
ud, k 0Yf ef;usiu

f ordik ;f rSm ud,
k yf ikd pf um;awG ajymol[m
onfavmufyaJ wGU&w,f/ rawGUbJusew f m tenf;tyg;awmY ½Sd
aumif; ½Srd ,f/ 'gayrJY onfordik ;f rSm ud, k yf idk f pum;ajymol[m
enf;vGe;f aew,f/ onftxJrmS trw"mwf 0ifçr0ifu ppf&OD;
r,f/ tjrKawuswJYpum;u trsm;qkH; wpfckyJ jzpfp&m½Sdw,f/
onfawmY tzd;k wefwpYJ um;u ½Sm;yg;vdu k w f m-vdyYk J od&vdrrYf ,f/
tqdu k ]ynm½St d m; pum;}-wJ/Y pum;awGu tESprf aYJ wG

jzpfaew,f/ vufawGU[m y&dbmomeJY rnDb;l aygY-vdYk ud, k u Yf ,
kd f
udyk J ajymcJw
Y pYJ um;awGtwGuf ½SuEf ;kd &rvdk cHpm;rdw,f/
onfawmY ud, k af jymrdwpYJ um;awGuv kd nf; b,favmuf
rcdik rf rm ,dik cf smcsm½So
d vJqw kd m ppfaq;Ny;D ocFe;f pmjyef,zl t
Ykd vkyf
xGuv f mw,f/ cdik rf m rcdik rf m avYvmcsio f al wGvnf; avYvmzdaYk ygY/
2/ ÓPuxm
'guav;awGudk-
]ÓPuxm}-vdYk emrnfeYJ pkMunfrh ,f/
]ÓP}-qdw k m pma&;ol&UJ trnfy/J
ud,
k af jymwJpY um;awG pkrmS jzpfvYkd onf pum;awGu-kd
]ÓPuxm}
vdYk emrnfwyfvu kd wf myJ/ wpfenf;awmYvnf; onfpum;awG[m
todÓPfeYJ ywfoufwpYJ um;awGyJ jzpfw,f/]ÓPf}-[m ]ÓP}-
yJ/'gaMumifv
Y nf; onfpum;awGukd onfvkd emrnfwyfvu kd w
f myJ/

ÓPuxm 21
]ÓPuxm}-[m ]ÓP}-&JU wefz;kd tedrt Yf jrifu

Y akd zmfjywJY
jy'g;wdik f jzpfvrd rYf ,f/ onfavmufyJ ed'gef;xm;&r,f/
3/ ÓPb,fov l J
]ÓPuxm}[m ÓP&JUÓPf&nfpum;awGy/J onfpmrSm
pum;awGcsnf; a&;csvdkufvsif pmu jym;csyfcsyf jzpfaer,f/
'gaMumifY pum;udjk ywJt
Y cg ½kyv
f ;Hk uav; enf;enf;yg;yg; <uvm
atmif ajymolç emoleYJ ywf0ef;usif tajctaeuav;awG vdt k yf
oavmuf jznf&h r,f/ 'gjznfzh Ykd ajymol&UJ i,fb0 ud, k u
Yf ,
kd uf kd
ajymwJY pum;wcsKd U onfpmrSm ygaevdrrYf ,f/
ÓPuxmajymolukd jrefrmESpf 1300jynf&h UJ ok;H v?ok;H &uf?

ok;H aeYeYJ aeok;H em&DrmS txufjrefrmjynf&UJ aus;½Gmwpfcrk mS arG;zGm;
cJw
Y ,f/ olarG;wJt Y csed rf mS olt
Y azaoNy;D wm av;vavmuf ½So d mG ;
Ny/D olarG;Ny;D wJtY csed rf mS olt Y ar[m tazmfrb YJ 0udk pdwyf suv f Ykd
vm;? ½kyyf suv f v Ykd m; rod/ use;f rma&;csKd UwJNY y;D EdcYk sKd r½Sd jzpfomG ;w,f/
EGm;EdaYk omufNy;D olt Y ouf ½Si&f w,f/
olu
Y kd vlpm&if;oGi;f wJt
Y aeeJY rSwpf mxm;awmY
olYtrnf[m-
]todtjrif}-vdYk t"dygÜ ,f&wJY ygVdvkd ]ÓP}yJ/

22 ÓPuxm

ÓPuxm 23
tcef;(2)
i,fpOfb0u ½SifÓPajympum;rsm;

24 ÓPuxm

ÓPuxm 25
tcef;(2)
i,fpOfb0u ½SifÓPajympum;rsm;
4/ ÓPi,fpOfupum;
olt Y ouf ESpEf pS cf çJG ok;H ESprf mS ½Gmtjyifbuf teD;tyg;udk
oGm;wwfp jyKNy/D olt Y arudk ½Gmtjyifu jrifc&YJ wmwpfck olajym
w,f-
]tar ocsKØ i;f udk usKyjf rifcw YJ ,f}
]rif;b,foGm;vdkYvJ}
]oli,fcsi;f eJt Y wl olt Y areJY oGm;w,f/}
]'gqdk awmuae jrifcw YJ maygY}
][kww f ,f? ocsKØ i;f u rD;cd;k awGvykd aJ emf}
]bmawGjrifcJYvdkYvJ}
]ocsKØ i;f rD;cd;k wef;Bu;D jrifwmaygY}
]ocsKØ i;f u rD;cd;k rS r[kww f m}
]onfvq kd kd rD;cd;k Bu;D u bmBu;D vJ}
]b,favmufBuD;vJ}
]onftrd Bf u;D avmuf ½Sw d ,f}
]tJ'gocsKØ i;f r[kwb f ;l / ocsKØ i;f xJu Z&yfu/G rD;cd;k vdak wGu
Z&yftrd;k u oGwaf wGy}J
ol[m ocsKØ i;f udk nae ae0if&o D a&mrSm jrifcw
YJ ,f/ tdrf
avmuf½SdwJY tjyma&mifydwfum;usufxm;wJY t&meJYwlw,fvdkY
ocsKØ i;f udrk wS x
f ifNy;D pum;ajymcJw Y ,f/

26 ÓPuxm
5/ ig;ESp½f ,
G çf q,fEpS t
f ½G,u
f pum;
(u) ig;ESpt f ½G,uf pum;

ig;ESpaf usmaf vmuf oltouf½w dS t
YJ cg wpfaeYrmS olt
Y areJY
twl ½GmeJt Y awmfBu;D a0;wJY ,mawmudk tarYtazmftjzpf vdu k f
oGm;cJw
Y ,f/tJonfrmS oGm;&if; olt Y arudk olt Y jrif ajymcJw
Y ,f/
]tar tck ½GmeJY odyfa0;NyDaemf}
]tif;}
]rd;k Bu;D u tcktxd ajreJY rxdao;bl;aemf}
]rd;k u ajreJY xdygYrvm;}
]rd;k Bu;D ajray:axmufaewm jrif&om;eJ}Y
]tJ'g r[kwb f ;l }
]tarvnf; tJonftxd ra&mufz;l bl; xifw,f}
]ra&mufb;l vdYk r[kwb f ;l }
(c) q,fEpS t f ½G,uf pum;

q,fEpS af usmaf vmuf touf&vmaomtcg bke;f Bu;D
ausmif;rSm ausmif;aeNy;D bke;f Bu;D pm tawmfwwfvYkd tawmfzwf
aeNy/D Zdew¬yumoeDrmS bk&m;[m bke;f Bu;D b0 t&enf;wm awGU
&NyD;?
]igawmY bke;f Bu;D b0rS &zl;ygYrvm;yJ/ tckb0[m bke;f Bu;D
b0 &zl;atmifawmY vkyzf aYkd umif;w,f}-qk;H jzwfvu dk w
f ,f/

ÓPuxm 27
]wdbYk &k m;awmif wpfoo H &mvk;H rSm bke;f Bu;D b0&zl;wm

wpfq,f rjynfb Y ;l wJ}Y
]'g-bmjzpfvJ}
]bke;f Bu;D b0 t&cufwm odomwmaygY}
]cufawmY bmvky&f rSmwke;f }
]vkyEf ikd wf ek ;f udk vkyx
f m;zdYk vky&f rSmyJ}
]tck vkyEf ikd w f ,faemf/ vl-a,musmf ;?o'¨gw&m;?omoem-
'gawGprHk S vkyv f &Ykd wm/ tck 'gawGpaHk ew,f}
]aemifb0qdkvsifaum}
]onfvdk pkHcsifrS pkHrSm}
]pkHvsifaum}
]pkHvsifawmifrS omoemu tckavmuf roefYawmYbl;?
a&mrSm;aerSm}
]aumif;Ny/D igbke;f Bu;D vkyrf ,f? bke;f Bu;D b0ysi;f vdYk idak e&
vsifyJ idkvsufeJY bkef;BuD;vkyfr,f}

28 ÓPuxm
6/ ud&k ifÓP&JU tawG;pum;rsm;
ol[m bke;f Bu;D vkyzf Ykd qk;H jzwfNy;D toufq,fah v;ESpjf ynfh
csed rf mS ud&k if0wfcwYJ ,f/ ol[m ud&k if0wfNy;D csed af vmuftxd olY
ud, k o f l pum;wpfceG ;f ajymw,f/
Ä ]rif; olawmfaumif; b,favmuf jzpfNyDvJ}
]½So
d rQ olawmfaumif;tusi&Yf UJ wpf0uf½w dS t
YJ xd olawmf
aumif;jzpfNyD}
Ä ]bmeJY wdik ;f wmvJ}
]olawmfaumif;awGrmS rvky&f rSm&,f? vky&f rSm&,f - ESpcf ½k Sd
w,f/ rvky&f rSmawG igrvkyb f J aeEdik w f ,f/ vky&f rSmawmY ig
rvkyfEdkifao;bl;}
Ä ]wu,fvm;}
][kww f ,f/ bmwm;wm;- igvdu k ef mvkyaf qmifEikd w
f ,f}

ÓPuxm 29
7/ bk&m;udak jymaom ud&k ifÓPpum;
onf todtjrifpum; rSm;aMumif; ud&k ifuav; ½SiÓ f P

[m rMumvScifrmS yJ olov d mw,f/ olt Y ouf q,fih g;ESpaf vmuf
½Sw
d t YJ cg t&yftarmif;uav;awG? tvk;H txnfuav;awG xGuf
vmw,f/ pdwt f awG;awGvnf; vIy½f mS ; aqmYupm;vmw,f/ t
½G,w f l aumifrav;awG jrifNy;D vsif olwt Ykd aMumif;awG;wm jzwf
vdrYk &csiaf tmif jzpfvmw,f/
onftaMumif; bk&m;udk olajymw,f-
]rvky&f rSmtm;vk;H rvkyb f J igaeEdik w f ,f-qdw
k m igtck
enf;enf;jyif&awmYr,f}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]rde;f rtaMumif; rawG;&bl;}- qdw k m igvkyw
f ,f/ aevdYk
r&awmYbl;}
]b,fvdk jyifrvJ}
]rde;f rtaMumif;awG;wm rvky&f bl;-qdw k muvGNJ y;D usew
f YJ
rvky&f bl;qdw k mawGyJ rvkybf ?J igaeEkid af wmYw,f}-vdyYk }J
udk&ifÓPuav;[m olpdrf;wpf&HqH 0ef;usifopfjzpfwJY

NrdKUjypmoifwdkufrSm pmawGeJY eyef;vkH;ae&NyD/ tpm;taomuf?
taetxdik ?f tvkyt f udik ?f taygif;toif;-tm;vk;H rvG,u
f w
l YJ
topfawGcsn;f / onftwGuf oloyd yf ifyef; EGr;f e,faew,f/

30 ÓPuxm
onf tyef;awGajzp&mtjzpf olawGU&çMum;&çjrif&çMuif&

wJY aumifrav;awGtaMumif; awG;Munfw h muav;yJ/ 'gvkyzf ef
rsm;awmY 'gxJrmS olepfvmw,f/ epfawmY olp;kd &drw f ,f/
]bke;f Bu;D rS vkyEf ikd yf gawmYrvm;/ 'g-azsmufr/S bk&m;wdik f
wnfNy;D azsmufr,f}-qdNk y;D ol[m bk&m;udk pum;ajymw,f/
]t½Sib
f &k m;- wynfah wmf aumifrav;awGtaMumif; pdwf
ul;-ul;aeygw,f/ wynfhawmf bkef;BuD;vkyfzdkY qkH;jzwfcsuf csxm;
ygw,f bk&m;/ onfawmY onfqkH;jzwfcsuf rysuf&atmif aumif
rav;awGpw d uf ;l ukd aemif rul;awmYygbl;}-vdYk qk;H jzwfygw,f
bk&m;/ onftwdik ;f rjzpfvsif wynfah wmfukd i&Jt;kd rSm atmufq;Hk
ucsKd ; jzpfygapbk&m;}
ol onfvkd bk&m;½Scd ;kd xm;ayrJY 'gudk ol NraJ tmif rwwfEikd f

bl;/ olw Y u kd yf rJG mS ol tvl;tvJ cHae&w,f/ ol&Y nfreS ;f csuf r&½kH
r[kwb f ;l / &efo&l UJ a½SUwd;k e,fcsUJ vmwm olc&H w,f/
tJ'gu awG;wJYtqifYudkausmfNyD; rdef;uav;awGudk Munfh
csijf rifcsiw f mawG jzpfvmwmyJ/ tJ'gawGtxd olvyk v f Ykd rawmfb;l /
awG;wmavmufyJ vufcNH y;D tJ'gudk qefu Y si&f r,f-qdNk y;D bk&m;xH
0efcu H wdpum; oGm;ajymw,f/
]t½Sib f &k m;-wynfah wmf&UJ tvsiu
f wdpum;udk cGijYf yKyg/
bGmcwfyg&ap}
( ------------------------------------ )

ÓPuxm 31
]tJ'gudk wynfah wmfrEdik af wmYygbl;/ onfx h uf qd;k vmrnfh

olwu
Ykd jkd rifzYkd BuKd ;pm;wmudyk J wynfah wmf xde;f yg&ap}
( ------------------------------------ )
]tJ'gudk wynfah wmfvyk rf v d sif i&Jt;kd csKd ;uyfyg&apbk&m;}
( ----------------------------------- )
'gudv k nf; ol-½I;H ygw,f/ awGUcGijYf rifciG BYf uKv H sif awGUjrifciG Yf
udk olrvTzJ ,fEikd b f ;l / olBY uKd ;pm;csu[ f m MumMumrcHbJ ½Scd w YJ ,f/
onfxufyJ pdwt f qifu Y wd;k vmw,f/ olwu Ykd av;awGukd awGU&
wm[m r0bl;/ pum;awG ajymcsiv f mwmtxd iwfrw G v f mw,f/
'gudx k ed ;f Edik af tmif xde;f zdYk bk&m;qDrmS 0efcpH um;eJY ½Scd ;dk w,f-
]t½Sib f &k m;- wynfah wmf rde;f rav;awGukd rMunfb h Ukd 0efcH
csuu f kd y,fzsuyf g&ap}
( ----------------------------------- )
'gukd wynfah wmf rwwfEikd af wmYygbl;/ 'gayrJY onfx h uf
qd;k wJY olwaYkd v;awGukd wynfah wmf pum;ajymcsiw f m pwmudk
wynfah wmf a½SmifygYr,f}
( ------------------------------------ )
]wu,fvYkd uwdysuv f sif i&Jt;kd rSm wynhaf wmf csKd ;jzpfyg
&ap}
olUrSm 'gawGuEkd ikd zf Ykd todÓPf r½Sb d ;l / Edik v
f wkd qYJ E´ jyif;
jyif;jyjy ½Sad ew,f/ todÓPf&UJ tul r&wJY qE´[m jynf0h vdrYk &
bl;bJ/ ol odyBf uKd ;pm;aew,f/ pmoifom;oli,fcsi;f awG tm;wJY

32 ÓPuxm
tcg vli,fwUkd bm0 rde;f rtaMumif; om,mzG,pf um;awG ajym

Muvsif oljyefajymw,f/
]aps;xJu b,faumifrav;u b,fvykd }J
]onftaMumif; wdkUrajymoifYbl;}
]ajymvdYk bmtjypf½w dS mrSwv
f }Ykd
]tjypfr½SdayrJY rajymoifYbl;}
]tjypfr½Sb d J bmaMumifrY oifw Y mvJ}
]wdeYk YJ rqdik v
f b
Ykd }J
]wdv Yk J vl? olvnf; vl? qdik w f maygY}
]wdkYuudk&if? oluvl? rqdkifbl;}

ÓPuxm 33
8/ pdwu
f pm;pOfu ud&k ifÓPpum;
pmoifwu kd Bf u;D awGxJ rde;f rjrif&wm enf;w,f/ olY t

aMumif;? ud,k t Yf aMumif;eJY jrif&ol tenf;tyg;awmY ½Sw d ,f/ rde;f r
vSvu S av;awG ausmif;em;a&mufvmvsif OD;Zif;awGu jyLwif;
aygufawGrmS jynfo h mG ;atmif wd;k a0SUMunfMh uw,f/ olvnf; tJ
onfxJ 0ifMunfhcsifw,f/ oli,fcsif;awGuvnf; ac:Muw,f/
olUudk Munfzh aYkd jymw,f/
]a[Y-vmavuGm?odyfvSw,f}
]&w,f? Munfhyg}
]rif;u rMunfhcsifvdkYvm;}
]ig opfom;½kyf r[kwyf gbl;}
]onfvq kd kd bmYaMumifY rMunfw h mvJ}
]r0vdkY}
]0w,f ½Srd vm;}
]ud,
k aYf ½SUa&mufwmMunf&h vsif 0wmaygY}
]tif;-rif;uawmY}
]tJonftxd igiHOY ;D r,f}
]onfaumifu £aNE&´ ovdv k ekd UJ ? wdx
Yk ufq;kd w,f}
]rwwfEdkifbl;}
wumç q&mjzpfwYJ trsKd ;orD;eJY bke;f Bu;D awG[m uif;Edik Mf u
olawG r[kwMf ubl;/ ESpb f ufpvk;H rSm ay;p&meJY ,lp&m? ESprf sKd ;pvk;H
½SMd uw,f/ bmeJY pnf;wm;Ny;D qufq&H r,fqw kd mvnf; rodb;l /

34 ÓPuxm
onfjyóem? olo Y il ,fcsi;f awGukd ajymw,f/

]rde;f rawGeYJ qufqw H t YJ cg olwUkd rBuKd urf ad tmif b,fvkd
vkyf&rvJ}
]ESpfenf;½Sdw,f}
]½Si;f ygOD;}
]tykyaf umiftjzpf Munfw h meJ?Y ESrçtpfrtjzpf Munfwh m
vkyfwmawGyJ}
]onfvdkMunfhvdkY&rvm;}
]Munfv h sif &wmaygY}
]vdrw f m rrSeb f ;l qdv k si?f Munfw h m rrSebf ;l }
]'g vdrw f mrSS r[kwb f }J
]rdef;ru ykyfvdkYvm;}
]acs;çao;ç wHawG;çESyaf wG xGuaf ewm rawGUbl;vm;}
]tJ'g tykyfawGr[kwfbl;}
]aoawmY ykyrf mS r[kwv f m;}
]raoolu rykyb f ;l }
]onfvq kd kd ESrçtpfrvdMk unfah ygY}
]tJ'g vdrMf unfw h myJ/ vdrw f m aumif;ovm;}
]wifpm;&wmaygY}
]wifwm jyefusrS 'kuy© ]J

ÓPuxm 35
9/ pmoifom;b0 ud&k ifÓPpum;
oloifMum;&wJpY mayawG[m o'´geJo Y '´gtzGiu

Yf sr;f ? oN*KØ [f
eJY oN*KØ [tf zGiuYf sr;f ? 0denf;eJ0Y ed nf;tzGiu
Yf sr;f ? tbd"r®mrmwdum
("r®o*FP)D usr;f ? "mwkuxmusr;f ? ,rdu k f 10usr;f ? y|mef;usr;f eJY
Zmwft|uxmusr;f ? tbd"mefusr;f ? tvuFmusr;f ? qef;usr;f jzpf
wJY yXrjyefpmar;yGJ jy|mef;usr;f awG jzpfw,f/ 'gawGepYJ yfNy;D oli,f
csi;f wpfa,mufeYJ ajymw,f/
]rif;-pmawmfwmyJ}
]pmawGukd ig pdwrf 0ifpm;bl;}
]onf rpd;k &drw f u
kd rf mS em,upmcs? rif;jzpfEidk w f ,f/ ous
oD[ ajzaygY}
]rjzpfcsifbl;? ajzvnf; rajzcsifbl;}
]½Gmausmif;xdkif vkyfrSmvm;}
][ifYtif;}
]rif;u bmvkyrf mS vJ}
]opfiwk w f pfc?k ausmufw;Hk wpfw;Hk vdk vlawGtodtrSwjf yK
cHcsifw,f}
][m-uGm}
]igu wpfoufyefbek ;f Bu;D vkycf siw f ,f/ onfawmY 0do
bm*tm½kaH wGeYJ uif;rS jzpfrmS }
]uif;vdYk jzpfrvm;}
]ruif;ayrJY tenf;qk;H aygY}

36 ÓPuxm
]awmxGufrSmaygY}
]tif;}
]qkH;jzwfNyD;NyDvm;}
]tif;}
ol[m OyZÑm,fq&mudk ulnv D ukd ?f pmoifvu kd f vkyaf e

w,f/ yg&mZduPfygVdç t|uxmusr;f ? oDvu©Ey¨ gVdç t|uxm
usr;f ? "r®o*FPyD gVdçt|uxmusr;f ? ygpdwsm'dygVdç t|uxmusr;f
eJY tjcm; o'´gusr;f ? "mwfusr;f rsm;udk oifMum;&w,f/ pmar;yGJ
atmifzYkd &nf½, G cf suv f nf; r½Sad wmYb;l / avYvmrIvnf; avsmv Y sJ
vmw,f/ 'gudk oli,fcsi;f awGeYJ ajym&w,f/
]ÓPfxuf-rif;ysufoGm;NyD]
]igYpw
d rf mS awmY ysuw f mu xGuw f mvdx Yk ifaew,f}
]rif; t*Fvyd pf moifwmaMumifY onfvkd jzpfwmyJ}
]tJ'gaMumifY igY&yfwnfcsu[ f m ydNk rw J maygY}
]bke;f Bu;D pmNy;D rSvyk zf Ukd ajymwm rif;-jiif;wmud;k }
]pmar;yGu J svsif 'gyJ xyfoif&rSmqdNk y;D ? tcsed yf akd evdYk oif
wmyg}
]tck rif;&nf½, G cf su?f axGjym;aeNyD r[kwv f m;}
]bke;f Bu;D pmxJ ESpx f m;Ny;D ? bke;f Bu;D b0uav;yJ Munfw h m
awmY? r½Sad wmYb;l }
]0rf;enf;ygw,f}
]ydkaumif;rSmyg}

ÓPuxm 37
10/ uefpeG ;f cif;xJrmS Niad ewke;f u ½SiÓ

f Ppum;
ol uefpeG ;f cif;xJ a&mufaew,f/ uefpeG ;f cif; ½Iy½f u S cf wf

rSm rpGe;f &if;vnf;½Sod l jzpfwt
YJ wdik ;f wpfaeYrmS uefpeG ;f EG,wf pfcek YJ
pum;awGajymw,f-
]ydu
k q
f v
H ;Hk vk;H r½Sad wmYvYkd awmif;vdu
k &f wm? b,favmuf½dS
ovJ}
]ajymraeygeJ}Y
]tm;emwm? rajymbJ raeEdik v f yYkd g}
]vdkwmajymzdkY ajymxm;wJY[myJ}
]pm;p&mawGuvnf; trsm;Bu;D ? bmvdYk ,lvmwmvJ}
]pm;&atmif}
][if;-'ku©yJ}
]rajymeJY}
],lw,fqdkwm? ay;wmeJY csdefcGifvQmrQrS aumif;wm/
onfrmS vufy½J w dS ,f/ onfawmY 0efav;wmaygY}
]'gqdk&w,f/ ½kyf½Sifwpfum; jyay;}
]jyvdYk aumif;rvm;}
]'gqdk-ae}
]onfvkd rajymygeJ}Y
]aeyg? aeyg}
]tcsed f b,frrD vJ}

38 ÓPuxm
]ajymcJYNyD;om;}
]bmum;MunfhrSmvJ}
]jywJYum;}
ol[m olYuefpGef;EG,feJYtwl ref;oDwm a&mufaew,f/
yef;NcrH mS bm pum;rQrajymbJ oGm;vmçxdik çf em; vkyaf ew,f/ tm
oef;wm cPçcPjrifvYkd ]ysi;f ovm;? bmtcuftcJ ½So d vJ}-vdYk
ar;w,f? ]r½Sb d ;l }-yJ ajymw,f/ yef;Ncu H tdrjf yef um;ydaYk wmY rjyef
ao;bl; ajymw,f/ bmvky&f rSe;f rod jzpfvmw,f/ wpfae&mrSm
pum;ajymMuw,f/
]igyifyef;vdkufwm}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]rif;aMumifYaygY}
]onfuvnf; onfvdkyJ}
]rif;u bmjzpfvv Ykd }J
]tJonfuaMumifYyJ}
][if-rifpY w d af wG b,fvjkd zpfwmvJ}
]onftwdkif;yJ}
]rif;-bmjzpfcsiw f mvJ? ig-em;vnfatmif ajymyg}
]nuMunfw h YJ ½ky½f iS u f m;xJu u&ifrav;vdk jzpfcsiw f m}
][m-jzpfrvm;uG}
]odNyD;om;yg}
]bmodwmvJ}
]tjiif;cH&rSmudk}

ÓPuxm 39
]b,fvdkodwmvJ}
]onfrmS pdwrf ½Sb d ;l ? wjcm;rSmvdYk - odwm}
]r[kwfu-[kwfuuGm}
]odw,f}
]ig-bmrSpw d rf ul;zl;bl;/ tJ'gpdwu f ;l zdYk tzd;k wefwmvnf;
igYrmS bmrSr½Sb d ;l }
]rvdkbl;}
]rif;rSm;aew,f/ igYut kd azmfvyk o
f l 'kua© &mufrmS yJ}
]rSm; - rSm;}
]rif;udk igoem;w,f}
]ud,k bhf uf ud, k af jym}
]onfvq kd v kd sif rif;udk uwday;r,f/ rif;qDuuwdwpfck
tvsifawmif;csifw,f}
]awmif;}
]ud, k t Yf azmfukd ud, k 0Yf ef;usi?f tcsed w
f pfcck t k wGi;f ½SmygYr,f
qdkwJY uwdyJ}
]'gay;vsif bmjyefay;rSmvJ}
]ig rif;qE´jynhaf pygr,f-vdYk ay;r,f}
]aocsmw,faemf-}
]at;yg}
]tJonf uwduadk y;w,f? pdwcf s}
]igvnf; igYuwduakd y;ygw,f? rif; pdwcf s}
]'gqd-k jyefr,f? um;-ydaYk y;}

40 ÓPuxm
ol 0rf;omaew,f/ ol0Y rf;omrI[m MumMumrcHb;l / pd;k &drrf I

0ifvmw,f/ tJ'gu olu, kd w
f ikd f pdw0f ifvmvdyYk /J rMumrMum
olu
Y v
kd mawGUNy;D ydik yf ikd pf ;kd pd;k qufqw H mudk olrausmEf ikd b
f ;l }
]igYqv D mvsif ypön;f awG ,lrvmygeJ/Y igYrmS rif;ypön;f eJY

vGwfwm r½Sdbl;}
]rajymeJY}
]ig bmvdv k vYkd }J
]npfwD;npfywfaevdkY? rvdkwm}
]ig aeaeusy}J
]rae&bl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]olcY spof l ½Sv
d }Ykd
]twlaewmrS r[kwb f /J bmqdik vf }J
]pdwu f twlaeNy/D tJonfuud, k [f m onfu ud,
k yf /J
tJonfu cHpm;&wm onfucHpm;&wmyJ}
]rif;u i,fi,f½, G ½f ,G ef YJ pum;awG ajymwwfw,f/ rif;
pum;awGu igY&ifxJ xdcu kd wf ,f/ onfavmufrajymygeJ}Y
]tJ'g pum;r[kwb f ;l }
]rajymeJY}
]rajym&vsif vufawGU yl;uyfaer,f}
]rvkyfeJY}
]r&bl;}

ÓPuxm 41
]tJ'g cufwmyJ}
]ajymraeeJ?Y uwd&Ny;D om;}
]igYukd r½Suçf raMumufawmYb;l vm;}
]ud, k u
Yf kd cspaf eoltay: 'gawG rjzpfb;l }
]tif; rif;uwdvnf;? owd& o½kyaf zmfO;D aemf}
]onfu pdwcf sr;f omwmav;udk arSmufrypfygeJ}Y
]igYukd vlq;kd Bu;D vdYk rif;xifovm;}
]r[kww f m oufaojyaygY}
]r[kwfwmtwGuf oufao½Sdrvm;}
]½S?d ody½f }dS
]b,fvdkvJ}
]arT;arT;ay;vsif rqdk;wmxif½Sm;NyD}
][m-tm;emw,fuGm}
]b,folYudkvJ}
]igYb0udak &m? rif;udak &myJ}
]'gqdk onfu tvsiaf rT;r,f}
]a[-uGm? igarT;vsif rif;cufoGm;r,f}
]cufcuf}

42 ÓPuxm
11/ uefpeG ;f cif;u ½ke;f xGuaf ewJY ½SiÓ

f Ppum;
olZY mwfuu G f olvnfatmif ruEdik f jzpfaewJtY xJu BuKd ;

pm; ½ke;f xGuaf ew,f/ onfpum;awG ajymaew,f/
]rifpum;awG &yfawmY}
]bmjyKvdkYvJ}
]em;raxmifcsifvdkY}
]r,kHvdkYvm;}
]r[kwb f ;l ? odv}Ykd
]bmodwmvJ}
]rif;-igYudkrcspfbl;}
]tvum;[m}
]ig½Sif;jyr,f}
]em;raxmifcsifbl;}
]r&bl;}
]onfu bmtjypfrrS vkyb f ;l }
][kww f ,f/ 'gayrJY rSm;aew,f}
]rSm;vnf; rrSm;bl;? txifrvGyJ geJ}Y
]vGJwmr[kwfbl;? wu,f-rif;awG;Munfh}
]bmawG;&rSmvJ}
]rif;a½SUa&mufaewm igr[kwb f J tjcm;vljzpfvsiv
f nf;
tJonfou l kd igY ajymwmawGtwdik ;f rif;ajymrSmyJ}
]rawG;ygeJY}

ÓPuxm 43
]onfvykd J igjrifw,f/ igvnf; onfvykd ?J rifcY spw f m r[kwf

bl;/ igYa½SUrSm tjcm;oljzpfvsiv f nf; onfou l ykd J rifaY jymwJpY um;
awG ajymrSm}
]bmrS rajymcsiaf wmYb;l }
]ig- cspw f ,f ajymwmvnf; rrSeb f ;l }
]bmrS bmrS raumif;bl;}
]'g trSeyf }J
ol [ m aemuf q k H ; rS m vrf ; cG J p um;awG u d k
ajymEdik cf w
YJ ,f/ pum;awGu-
]rif;udk pum; av;av; eufeuf ajymp&m½Sw d ,f}
]em;raxmifcsifbl;}
]ajymyg&apuGm}
]rcspb f ;l yJajymrSm r[kwv
f m;}
]r[kwfwm}
]'gqdk ajym}
]igYpw
d af wGtm;vk;H rif;&aewmudk odw,faemf}
]onfuvnf; tukefay;xm;wmyJ[m}
]odw,f}
]bmajymp&mvdkovJ}
]tm;emvdkufwm}
]aMumufw,f}
]rjiif;qefygeJYvm;}
]ajym}

44 ÓPuxm
]wnfwnfNidrfNidrfav; em;axmifay;aemf}
]tif;yg}
]igYb0&JUyef;wdik u f kd rif;odygw,f}
]qufajymyg}
]tJ'g-rif;ulrS ig-ta&mufomG ;Edik af wmYrmS vdk jzpfaeNy}D
]qkH;atmifajymyg}
]igYpw d &f wmeJyY J rif;auseyfay;yg/ igYu, kd u
f kd bk&m;ay;xm;
wJYtwdkif; ay;yg&ap}
][ifYtif;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]arQmfvifYNyD;om;yg}
]bmudkvJ}
]b,fawmY ½ke;f oGm;cH&rvJvyYkd g}
]epfempum; rajymygeJ}Y
]udk,fYcspfoltwGuf MunfomEdkifatmif tm;xkwfrSmyg/
pdwcf syg}
]rif; igYuEkd ikd yf gw,f}
]Edik w
f mu t½I;H Mu;D &wmyJ}
]rif;- igYxufomygw,f}
]tJonfvufaqmif rvdck sib f ;l }
]tdraf xmifjyKaemf? igYxuf trsm;Bu;D omol &rSmyg}
]taESmift Y ,Sujf zpfrmS rpd;k &dryf geJ}Y
]cspo f ul kd raigY&bl;}
]'gqdk oGm;yg}
ÓPuxm 45
]vdrm® wJrY if;[m igYpw

d rf mS wpfoufv;Hk wnfaerSmyg}
]auseyfay;&rSmaygY}
wpfaeYrmS olu uefpeG ;f EG,ef JY oGm;awGUNy;D pum;ajymw,f/

tcsed u
f olu Y efpeG ;f EG,ef aYJ 0;&m olt Y pfux
kd H oGm;aecsed u
f yJ/
]tck? olb,fuvmwmvJ}
]aemifawmfBuD;qDu}
]MumvSNy?D aeEdik v f u kd w f m}
]r&JayrJY? ajy;cJapaygY}
]awGUrS awGU&awmYrvm;vd}Yk
]onfavmuf rrSeb f ;l }
]bmvkyfaewmvJ}
]pdwf tajcmufvrS ;f }
]aysmfvm;}
]'gawGajymzkdYvmwm r[kwfbl;}
]bmvkdYvmwmvJ}
]awGUcsifvdkY}
]tif;-aygY}
]odyf qif;&JaerSmpd;k vd}Yk
]rsupf rd mS tNrx J u G zf rYkd su&f nf r½Sbd ;l }
]'g - cspw f t YJ usKd ;yJ}
]cHygYr,f}
]aysmaf tmif aeaemf}

46 ÓPuxm
]em;axmif&rSmaygY}
]rif;udkcspfolawG rawGUao;bl;vm;}
]awGU}
]b,fESpfa,muf½SdvJ}
]vdkcsifMuygw,f}
]ud,k v Yf rf;rSef avQmufwt YJ aeeJY tJ'g vkyaf emf}
]wpfoufwm rawGU&rSmudk rawG;0Hb Y ;l }
]igYpw d u f kd rif;&aerSmyg}
],kHcsifygw,f}
]pdwcf syg}
]onfuwd&UJ oufaotjzpf arT;ay;yg}
]&Ny;D om; xm;vdu k yf g}
]onfuarT;vsif wm;rSmvm;? aemufq;Hk tjzpf wpf0 zuf
csifw,f? wm;rSmvm;}
]rif; oabmyg}
]rzufawmUYbl;vm;}
]igYpwd u f ykd J rif;,lyguGm}
]tm;vk;H udyk J auseyfay;ygr,f}
]ta0;Bu;D udk tMumMu;D oGm;r,faemf}
]onftzdYk EIwrf qufygeJU/ oGm;yg}
]oGm;ygYr,f}
]pdwcf sr;f omygap? atmifjrifygap}
]aus;Zl;yJ}

ÓPuxm 47
12/ w&m;½SmaMumif; ½SiÓ

f Ppum;
½SiÓ f P[m olo Y il ,fcsi;f pmoifzufawGeYJ pum;ajymae

w,f/ ae&mu awmifBu;D NrKd UrSm jzpfw,f/
]awGUcJYvm;}
]odyfracsmY&ygbl;}
]b,frmS aewmvJ}
]NrKdUvGefawmY awGwJY½Gmuav;&JU ocsKØif;xJrSm}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]w&m;a[mcdik ;f vdYk r&bl;/ vufawGUvky&f rSmyJ ajymNy;D jiif;
qefw,f}
]vkyfcJYvm;}
]rxl;bl;qdNk y;D vky&f wmaygY}
]b,fvdkvkyf&vJ}
]qef;qef;jym;jym;yJ}
]vkyfygOD;}
]wdEYk pS af ,muf ,SONf y;D txdik cf ikd ;f xm;w,f/ olu tcef;xJ
0ifomG ;Ny;D aowåmyk;H uav;udk ud;k ayçq,fayavmufrmS vmcs
w,f}
]bmvkyfwmvJ}
]Ny;D awmY q,fvufravmuf½w dS YJ ausmufqif;wkuav;
vmwifw,f}
]bmvkyfzdkYvJ}

48 ÓPuxm
]olu ukvm;xdik rf mS xdik Nf y;D igwdu Yk kd trdeaYf y;wmyJ}

]bmawGvJ}
]ud,k af wmfwYkd a½SUubk&m;udk Munfah eyg}-wJ/Y ok;H rdepf
avmufMumawmY ]rsupf rd w dS vf u kd yf gwJ}Y ? Ny;D awmY-]bk&m;udk jrifyg&JU
vm;}-wJY}
]b,fvdkajzvJ}
]rsupf rd w dS x f m;rS b,fjrifrvJ/ rjrifb;l aygY}
]onfawmY bmajymvJ}
]zGiyYf g? bk&m;xyfz;l yg}-aygY/ cPMumawmY xyftrSw d cf ikd ;f Ny;D
]bk&m;jrifNyDvm;}-ar;w,f}
]rjrifb;l bJ ajymovm;}
][ift Y if;/ rSw d xf m;Ny;D - jrifwm[m rSe;f wmyJjzpf&r,f/
onfawmY jrifw,fajymvdkufw,f}
]aemuf bmqufvyk &f ovJ}
]rsuaf pYrw dS Nf y;D ? jrifwb YJ &k m;udk ud, k aYf cgif;ay:yifx Y m;ygvdYk
trdefYay;w,f}
]tif;}
]yifNY y;D Nyv D Ykd ajymvdu k wf ,f}
]tif;}
]bk&m;udk ud, k rYf suEf mS vSnw hf b YJ uf vSnv hf u
kd yf gvdYk trdeYf
ay;w,f}
]bk&m;u b,fvdkaevdkYvJ}
]wdkYbufvSnfhvsufeJY acgif;ay:udkvmvsif? acgif;ay:rSm

ÓPuxm 49
aemufbufudkvSnfhvsufa&mufaer,faygY}
]tif;-[kwfom;}
]wdu Yk onfvrkd [kwb f ;l ? wcgwnf; a½SUvSnNhf y;D om;}
]onfawmY-}
]olutrdeaYf y;vdu k rf S wdUk bk&m;u csmueJ aemufvn S hf
oGm;awmY wdrYk &,fbJ raeEdik b f ;l / olajymwJt
Y wdik ;f jyefvn S &hf wm
aygY}
]tif;- &,fp&mBu;D yJ}
]olu wdu Yk kd yufvuftyd zf Ukd trdeaYf y;w,f}
]tif;}
]wdv Yk nf; tdy&f wmaygY}
]bmvkyfbdkYvJ}
]ezl;ay: bk&m;yifyY gvdYk trdeaYf y;w,f/ nmbufapmif;tdyf
yg? em;xifay: bk&m;yifyY g? b,fbufapmif; tdyyf g? bk&m;yifyY g-
aygY}
]tif;}
]wdv Yk nf; aeYcif;aMumifawmif tdyv f ukd ?f apmif;vdu
k ef YJ ½Suf
udk;½Sufuef;jzpfayrJY vkyf&wmyJ}
]rif;wd[ Yk m 'kuy© }J
]'gawGNy;D awmY wdu Yk kd oMum;auR;w,f}
]NyD;NyDvm;}
]rNy;D ao;bl;/ oMum;pm;aewke;f rSm bk&m;udak cgif;ay:wif
xm;zdYk trdeaYf y;w,f}

50 ÓPuxm
]tif;}
]wdvYk nf; wpfa,mufukd wpfa,mufMunfNh y;D rNyK;H rdatmif
rwwfEdkifMubl;/
][kwfwmaygY}
]tJ'gNy;D awmY ]onfaeY'gyJ}-qdNk y;D jyefvw T wf ,f}
]b,fvdkvJuGm}
]bk&m;udk xdik &f if;?pm;&if;?tdy&f if; tm½kjH yKbaYkd ygY}
]Ak'¨gEkówdaygY}
]at;aygY? 'gudk yg;pyfr[Edik b f ;l ? vufawGUjyrSjzpfr,f qdk
awmY rvGefbl;vm;}
]ajymvdYk em;rvnfEikd w f m bmygvdv Yk }J
]'geJ?Y igvnf; ausmif;uxGuw f ,fqv kd siyf J ajymxm;cJw Y ,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]wef[? bdwfwkH;awG-vdkYyJ}
]rif;wdu Yk bmvkyzf Ykd oGm;wmvJ}
]raeYu olUudak wGUawmY olw Y &m;u aemufb0 b,fEpS cf k
udk b,fEpS &f ufusiv Yf sif jrifw,fvYkd ajymvk?Yd 'geJY ud, k u
Yf kd tazmfu
oGm;zdyYk q
l mvdYk oGm;MuwmyJ}
]ol[ Y m wu,ford mS vm;}
]txifaygY}

ÓPuxm 51
13/ pmoifom;b0 pmjyefwYJ ½SiÓ

f Ppum;
½SiÓ f P ud&k ifb0rSm tazmfbek ;f Bu;D rsm;eJUtwl n0g½Gwf

aew,f/ n0gqdw k m ,rdu k çf y|mef; tp½Sw d YJ tbd"r®musr;f awGy/J
onfpmawGu nrSmoif,&l wJpY mawGjzpfvYkd ]n0g}-vdaYk c:&w,f/
oif,lNyD;orQawGudk Edkifoavmuf jyef½Gwf&w,f/ tazmf
awGeYJ wGNJ y;D jyef½wG &f w,f/ ½Gwcf sed u f nae ig;em&Du ajcmufem&D
txdy/J ausmif;tay:xyf vl½iS ;f &mrSm wuf½w G Mf uw,f/
pm½Guf ok;H q,fpmru ½Gww f ,f/ ½Gwrf ,fph mudk vGecf w YJ YJ
wpfem&Du Munfv h mMuwm/ trsm;u tacgufacguf Munfv h mMu
ayrJY ½SiÓ
f P[m wpfacgufyJ Munfah vY½w dS ,f/½Gww f tYJ cgrSm b,f
awmYrS olacgif;aqmif r½GwEf ikd b f ;l / aemufqu JG yJ rSm;w,fxifvsif
½Gww
f m&yfzYkd 0dik ;f xJrmS vufarSmuf&w,f/ tck ½Gw0f ikd ;f xJukd olu
vufarSmufvdkufw,f/
]bmvJuGm}
]r[kwfbl;}
]rif;vufjyefodrf;}
]rSm;aew,f}
]'l;acgufwrf; vkyrf vm;}
]wif;ykwef aYJ cgufwrf;rS vkyrf ,f}
]rif;'l; ykyv f rd rYf ,f}
]&w,f}
]pmtkyfoGm;,lr,faemf}

52 ÓPuxm
]rvdb k ;l / tbd"r®m&JUpnf;awGeyYJ J Munfv

h u
kd yf g}
]em;rvnfbl;uGm}
]'gqdk,l}
]ÓPfxuf 'l;vSeaf y;? onfrmS Munf]h
]pmtkyf rSm;aew,f}
]jzpfrvm;uG}
]wu,frSm;aew,f}
]ÓPfxuf tjiif;oefw,f}
]jiif;wmqkd pmcsawGar;}
]rif;½I;H vsif wpfqcH&r,f}
]ESpfqcHr,f}
]wu,faemf? igoGm;r,f}
]oGm;yg}
]ÓPfxufjyefvmvsif rif;'l;ykyfawmYr,f}
]bmajymvdkufw,f}
]wdkYpmtkyfawG½dkufwm vGJaew,fwJYuG,f}
]uJ-b,fvdkvJ]
]pmtkyfurSm;wm? wdkYtjypfr½Sdbl;]
]xm;ygawmY]

ÓPuxm 53
14/ acwftjrifpw
Hk YJ ½SiÓ
f Ppum;
ol[m olt Y ouf wpfq,fah v;ESpaf usmrf mS rEÅav;pmoif

wdu
k af &mufNy;D pmcswmawGukd vdu k w
f wfatmif tawmfv;Hk yrf;&
w,f/ 'gudk ausmv f eG af wmYvnf; acwftjrifxrJ mS ud,
k t
Yf odr0if
wmawG awmifvdkykHaewmawG odvmNyD;? acwfpmawGudkvnf; t
awmfavYvm&w,f/ acwfpmawGtwGuf nbufrmS ajcmufem&D
avmuf aeYpOf tcsdef,l&w,f/
jyyGaJ wGukd rvGww f rf;avYvmNy;D ½ky½f iS ?f jyZmwf? qyfuyf?

rsuv f n
S ?hf tNird ?Yf abmvk;H yG?J vufa0SY wwftm;orQ ajy;&w,f/ olY
todu okn/ jynfh0zdkY avYvm&w,f/ okH;ESpfavmuf½SdwJYtcg
olo
Y il ,fcsi;f awGukd ausmv f mw,f/
]a[Y-ÓPfxuf urÇmu wu,ftvk;H Bu;D vm;}
]tif;}
]½Sif;jyygOD;}
]rvG,fbl;}
]rif;-wu,f odoGm;wmvm;}
]tif;}
]wu,fow d t
YJ aMumif; b,fvkd ajymrvJ}
]jym;wJt Y csut f vufawG ausysuo f mG ;wmeJY vk;H wJY t
csutf vufawG cdik rf mvmwm igodwmaygY}
]urÇmtjym;u bk&m;a[m r[kwv f m;}

54 ÓPuxm
]tJ'g rodb;l / r[kww

f m bk&m;ra[mavmufb;l vdYk xif
wmyJ}
]r[kwfwmu aocsmovm;}
]tif;}
]'gqd?k i&JeYJ ewfawG b,fomG ;xm;rvJ}
]rodbl;]
]r½Sdbl;vm;}
]r½Sb d ;l vnf; rxifb;l }
]urÇmvkH;udk b,fvdkodvmwmvJ}
]odyjHÜ yyGrJ mS urÇmvk;H jyoleYJ bke;f Bu;D awG jiif;aewmawGU
w,f? 0ifjiif;csifayrJY rjiif;cJYbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]igu tjym;yJo J w d m? tvk;H rodb;l }
]at;aygY/ ud, k u f bmoma&;orm;yJ}
]tvk;H r[kwb f ;l ajymcsiv
f sif tvk;H taMumif; avYvmzdv Yk kd
w,f/ Ny;D rS jiif;r,fvyYkd }J
]bmawG avYvmvJ}
]urÇmtaMumif;eJYpyfwJY odyÜHpmawG? jrefrmawGodxm;wJY
aeçvçeu©wf jzpfpOfawG? pyf[yfMunfhwmyJ}
]pyfrad wmY tvk;H ay:vma&mvm;}
]tif;}
]tJ'g ½Si;f jyygOD;}
]tJonftcsuaf wGukd ud, k wf ikd o
f rd S &r,f]

ÓPuxm 55
16/ OyZÑm,fq&mausmif;a&muf ½SiÓ

f Ppum;
½SiÓ
f P touf ESpq f ,fih g;ESprf mS pmoifwu
kd u
f qif;Ny;D
OyZÑm,fq&m½S&d m ausmif;jyefa&mufvmw,f/ olaY usmif;aezuf
awGeYJ pum;ajym&w,f/
]b,fawmY rEÅav;jyefrvJ}
]rjyefawmYbl;]
]pmqufroifawmYbl;vm;}
]oifNyD;oGm;NyD}
]tcsKd UolawG onfx h ufMumMum oifw,faemf]
]tif;}
]pmoifNy;D wmudk bmeJY owfrw S &f wmvJ}
]pmwwfwmeJYaygY}
]pmwwfcJYNyDaygY}
]bke;f Bu;D pmtm;vk;H ig-zwfwwfNyD ajym&rSmyJ}
]pmwwfawmY w&m;awGord mS aygY}
]rodbl;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]pmu w&m;pmyJjzpfw,f? w&m;r[kwb f ;l }
]w&m;pm[m w&m;r[kwfbl;vm;}
]tif;}
]pmwwfvsif udavomrenf;bl;vm;}

56 ÓPuxm
]tif;}
]bmtwGuf pmoifwmvJ}
]udavomenf;atmif vky&f rnfw h &m;[m bmjzpfw,fqkd
wm odzyYkd }J
]tJ'g odcNYJ yv
D m;}
][ifYtif;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]pmzwfwwf½kHygyJ}
]pmoifwm onfvykd v J m;}
]tif;}
]w&m;odatmif bmvkyf&rSmvJ}
]pmawGzwfNy;D pmxJrmS bk&m;bmajymvdw k ,foad tmif ½Sm
azG&r,f/ Ny;D awmY tJonfajymvdw k mawG[m vlawG&UJ b,ftjzpf
awGqdkwmodatmif a0zefMunfhwmawG vkyf&w,f}
]pmoif&if; tJ'gawG rvkyb f ;l vm;}
]zwfwwfatmifyJ renf;vkyf&wm}
]pmwwfoel YJ rwwfo[ l m bmrSqufrvky&f if twlyv J m;}
]tif;}
]pmwwfwm[m b,ftusdK;rsm;vdkYvJ}
]pmrwwfvsif bk&m;bmajymw,fvYkd b,fvo kd rd vJ}
]'gawmY? 'gaygY}
]'g[m twdik ;f rodBu;D wJtY usKd ; r[kwbf ;l vm;}

ÓPuxm 57
16/ a,mtaMumif; ½SiÓ f Ppum;

½SifÓP olYoli,fcsif;OD;yOÆif;awGeJY pum;ajymaew,f/
tcsed u
f ol a,mt&yfu jyefvmp jzpfw,f/
]rif;jyefa&mufwm MumNyv D m;}
][ifYtif;}
]tawGUtBuKaH v;awG vkyyf gOD;}
]odcsiw f m ar;Muav}
]tJonfrmS aysmpf &maumif;vm;}
]aumif;rSmygyJ}
]b,fvdkvJuGm}
]vlawGeJY rdwfaqGrjzpfcJYbl;}
]bm&nf½G,fNyD; oGm;wmvJ}
]bm&,fr[kwfbl;? tazmfaumif;vdkYyJ}
]b,fawGa&mufvJ}
]½GmawG tawmfrsm;rsm;yJ/ xD;vif;? *efaY *g aygY}
]b,favmufMumvJ}
]wpfv ydkydkav;}
]vlawGu azmfa½GMuovm;}
]azmfa½GMuwJYykHyJ}
]pke;f awGaygw,fqw kd m [kwv f m;}
]r[kwfavmufygbl;}
]b,fvdkodcJYvdkYvJ}
]pke;f vdo
Yk wfrw
S cf &H wJY ½ky&f nf½o
dS l rawGUcJv
Y b
Ykd ]J
]'gYaMumifY r½Sbd ;l xifwmvm;}
58 ÓPuxm
]rubl;]
]ajymygOD;}
]onf½mG uajymawmY [d½k mG u pke;f aygw,f? [d½k mG a&muf
awmY wjcm;½Gmuaygw,f? tqifq Y ifY ajymMuw,f}
]'gyJvm;}
]awGUBuKHp&muvnf; odyfi,fw,f}
]bmqdkifvdkYvJ}
]awGU&wmav;tay: pdwfpdkufvGef;wmaygY]
]'g bmjyKv}J
]tJ'g odycf pH m;&w,f}
]rifY[mu b,fa&mufoGm;wmvJ]
]cHpm;&atmifvyk w f m[m jyKpm;wmyJ/ tJonfou l pke;f yJ}
]r[kwfwmbJ}
]ig onfvdkyJxifw,f]
]udk,fawGUcHcJU&ovm;}
]tif;}
]ajymygOD;}
]a,muvlawGeYJ tavmif;awmfuóy awmxJrmS wpf
ywfausmaf vmuf twlomG ;? twlpm;? twlaecJw Y ,f]
]olwu Ykd a,musmf ;awGvm;}
]rdef;rawGa&myJ}
]pum;awGtrsm;BuD; ajymcGifY&rSmaygY}
]tif;-tJonfrmS yJ olwt Ykd jrif i,fwm od&w,f}
]b,fvdkawGvJ}
ÓPuxm 59
]tavmif;awmfuóyvnf; wu,fu Y óyyJ xifw,f/

xif;ckeqf v JG si?f xrif;td;k arSmuf aqmifv Y si?f a&tdik x
f J td;k apmif;ESpf
cyfvsi?f rde;f ra,musmf ;wGv J sif tppawG[m usm;eJeY wfu wdu k f
r,fqdkwmrsdK; ajymw,f}
]rif;u 'gawGukd b,fvjkd yefajymvJ}
]'gawGukd rvkyo f ifaY Mumif; ajymwmaygY}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]ckeq f v
JG sif ajcrsurf ,f? ESpcf yfvsif a&npfr,f? wGv J sirf mS ;
,Gi;f r,f/ 'gawG rjzpfatmifaygY}
]olwdkYb0awG jrifcGifY&ovm;}
]olweYkd UJ olw0Ykd ef;usi&f UJ b0awGtxd jrifciG &Yf w,f}
]olwdkYeJY rdwfaqGawG jzpfrSmaygY}
]tif;? ig-olwYkd tJonfawmxJcseNf y;D jyefvmawmY olwYkd
tawmf0rf;enf;Muw,f}
]rif;uaum}
]igvnf; onfaeYtxd igYtawG;udk vTr;f rd;k cH&w,f}
]aysmufoGm;rSmaygY}
]igu raysmufcsib f ;l }
]rif; cHpm;&NyaD ygY}
]at;/ olwdkYjyKpm;MuwmyJ}
]rif; BudKufoGm;wmvm;]
][m-r[kwfwmbJ}
17/ olUwynhv f il ,fuakd jymwJY ½SiÓ f Ppum;
½SiÓ f P[m olw Y ynfjh zpfczYJ ;l ol vli,fwpfO;D eJY pum;ajym
60 ÓPuxm
aew,f/ ae&mu OyZÑm,fq&m ausmif;yJ/

]OD;Zif;udak wGU&zdYk awmifw Y aewm MumNy}D
]awGUvdkYajymwmvm;}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]bmtwGuf awmifYwwmvJ}
]odcsifwmudk ajymay;zdkYyJ}
]ig-ynm½Sd r[kwb f ;l }
]r[kwb f ;l qdak yrJY wjcm;tm;ud;k p&m r½Sb d ;l }
]ar;csiw f mudk qdyk gOD;}
]xl;qef;vGef;vdkYyg}
]tJ'gudyk J ajymygOD;}
]wynfah wmf a&pufrmS pufarmif;orm; vkyaf ew,f}
]tif;}
]puf½x Hk rJ mS pufukd tNrx J ed ;f ae&w,f}
]bmxdef;p&mvdkvJ}
]puf&UJ vnfEeI ;f eJY a&wGi;f armif;qGw J bYJ ;D &JU vnfEeI ;f rudu
k f
vdYk pufjrefvmvsif avsmaY y;wm vky&f w,f/ avsmo Y mG ;vsivf nf;
jyefwifzYkd vDbmudk udik af ew,f}
][if-uGm}
]ajymcsiw f m 'gr[kwb f ;l ]
]ajymprf;ygOD;}
]puf½x Hk jJ zpfwYJ xl;qef;wmajymcsiw f m}
]b,fvdkvJ}

ÓPuxm 61
]puf½x Hk rJ mS rD;pufeYJ rD;ypön;f awG vJxm;w,f}

]tif;}
]tJonfr;D puf&UJ [ef',f[m puf½x Hk u
J wpfae&mrSm vuf
xJudkifvsufeJY rD;awGvif;vmw,f}
][m-}
]'geJY rD;vif;w,fqdkNyD; rD;oD;csdwfzdkY rD;oD;,lvmw,f/
rD;oD;uvnf; vufxrJ mS yJ b,ferYJ rS qufyJ vif;aew,f/ BuKd ;,l
vmawmY BuKd ;uyg vufxrJ mS vif;aew,f}
]at;-qef;wmaygY}
]tJonftcsed rf mS bke;f Bu;D 0ifvmvdYk tJ'gawGord ;f Ny;D ? puf
armif;ckrH mS yJ xdik af e&w,f}
]bkef;BuD;u bmvmvkyfwmvJ}
]armif;qGb J ;D wdik f eJaY ew,fqNkd y;D vmMunfwh ,f}
]olbmvkyfovJ}
]wdik af jcudk a&avmif;w,f? Ny;D awmY jyefomG ;w,f}
]oljyefawmY rD;awG jyefrvkyb f ;l vm;}
]vkyw f ,f/ 'gayrJY r&awmYb;l }
]a[-}
]tJ'g ar;csiw f m MumvSNy}D
]b,fvdkar;rSmvJ}
]vufxrJ mS bmeJrY rS qufbJ rD;oD;bmUaMumifv Y if;&ovJ?
aemufrmS bmYaMumifY rvif;&ovJaygY}
]at;-ar;csifp&myJ}

62 ÓPuxm
]b,fvdk ajzrvJ}
]ig wyftyfrodb;l / ajzvsif txifyaJ jz&r,f}
]xifjywmyJ em;axmifyg&ap}
]xifjywm rvkycf ifrmS xifjyvdYk jzpfçrjzpf od&atmif?
rif;udik gar;r,f/ tJ'g rif;uajz}
]ar;yg}
]rifUpuf&,f? armif;qGb J ;D &,f? ESpcf pk vk;H [m ajrBu;D eJY rpyf
bl;/ tyf(Earth)rjzpfb;l jzpf&r,f [kwo f vm;}
]armif;qGb J ;D u opfom;wdik rf Ykd tyfrjzpfb;l ? pufuawmY
uGeu f &dcaHk y:xdik x f m;wmrdYk pufu tyf-jzpfw,f}
]'gqdk igxifrjywwfawmYb;l }
]bmYaMumifYqdkwm rajymwwfawmYbl;aygY}
]tif;?tyf-jzpfvsif igwGuv f rYkd &bl;/ rif;ajzwmudyk J rif;jyef
ppfcsif ppfOD;}
][kww f ,f/ pufu tyf-jzpfaumif;rS jzpfr,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]pufxdkifzdkY uGefu&davmif;wkH;u pdkufxm;wJYwdkifawG[m
pufcgG &JUtaygufeYJ rwnhv f Ykd opfom;aygif xyfwifNy;D tJonfaygif
eJrY S pufuekd yfpx JG m;&wmyJ}
]'gqd?k tJonfeyfawG ausmufceHk x YJ çd rxd rif;oGm;Munf}h
]oGm;Munfah y;r,f? cPiHUay;yg}
]&w,f? oGm;Munf}h
(--------------------------------------------)

ÓPuxm 63
][kww f ,f? rxdb;l }

]'gqdkvsif? igxifjyr,f}
]odcsifygw,f}
]bD;eJY yefumBuKd ;eJY yGww f u kd v f yYkd }J
]tvsiu f yGwaf ewmyJ? tckrjS zpfwm bmYaMumifv Y }J
]tvsifu ryGwfbl;}
]bmYaMumifYvJbk&m;}
]wdik f r,dik rf eJv Y /Ykd ,dik ef aYJ yrJY pyd(speed) rSev f sif jzpfrmS
r[kwbf ;l / wdik u f -eJ?Y pufu aES;vdu k çf jrefvu kd jf zpfawmY bD;eJY ywf
wmBuKd ;eJY yGwq f w JG maygY}
]yGwfwmeJY jzpf&ovm;}
]yGwv f sif vQypf pfNird f xGuw f ,f}
]bmawGyGwfyGwfvm;}
]onfvakd wmY r[kwaf vmufb;l / qHyifeYJ yvyfpwpfb;D vdk
rwlwmvm;ç wlwmvm;? tJonfEpS rf sKd ;yGwrf S xGuw f m}
]vSsyfppfNidrfqdkwm bmvJ}
]'g-igr½Sif;wwfbl;}
]pmxJawGUzl;wmvm;}
]r[kwb f ;l / jyyGrJ mS pufuav;wpfv;Hk eJY vQypf pfNird f xkwjf y
wm awGUzl;wm/ tJonfwek ;f u em;rvnfcb YJ ;l / 'gayr,fh xkwyf u Hk
ywåmBuKd ;eJyY w
G Nf y;D vkyw f myJ/ bmrSrygbl;}
]awmfao;wmaygY}
]at;}

64 ÓPuxm
18/ rEÅav;rd;k aumif;wduk rf mS ur®0gpmtaMumif; olU-

oli,fcsif;
wpfO;D eJY ½SiÓ
f Pajymaompum;
]q&mawmfeYJ NrKd UxJ bmoGm;vkyw f mvJ}

]um;tEÅ&m,fuif; ur®0gpmzwf vkyw f m}
]um;udk b,fvdktEÅ&m,f½SdvdkYvJ}
]vlaowifcJY&vdkY}
]r*Fvmjyef,lwJYoabmaygY}
][kwfw,f}
]um;udk ab;rSmxm; vkyw f mvm;}
]r[kwbf ;l / ckaH wGjzKwNf y;D um;ay:rSmyJ}
]bmur®0gzwfvJ}
]OyorÜ'ur®0g aygY}
][if- pmwwfaywwf q&mawmfawGuvnf; 'gyJzwfo
vm;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]pmrwwfayrwwf awmbke;f Bu;D awGom onfvv
kd yk w
f m
xifvdkY}
]onfvkd bmYaMumifY xifwmvJ}
]at;-ajymp&myJ}
]vkyfprf;ygOD;}
]½Gma&mufwek ;f u tdro
f pfwuf ur®0gzwfzYkd igYbek ;f Bu;D u

ÓPuxm 65
igYudkxnfhvdkufw,f}
]tif;}
]onfyGJrsdK;[m uav;uwnf;u &if;ESD;NyD;om;yJ}
]½GmawG&UJ "avYy}J
]oDvay;? a&pufcsNy;D ur®0gpm zwfMuawmY igYacgif;xJrmS
tawG;awG tpDt&D jzpfvmw,f}
]b,fvdkawGvJ}
]yXrqk;H u ig-bmvkyaf ewmvJ- vdyYk }J
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]onfupd eö YJ ur®0gpm? bmrSrqdik w f m awG;rdvyYkd }J
]vkyfygOD;}
]onfupd u ö tEÅ&m,fuif;zd?Yk ur®0gpmu &[ef;tjzpfay;
zdkYç ray;zdkY ajymwmawG jzpfaew,f}
][kwfwmaygY}
]NyD;awmYvnf; trsm;BuD;½Sdao;w,f}
]vkyfygOD;}
]onfyrJG sKd ;rSm ur®0gpm rSeOf ;D awmifr?S zwfvrYkd &bl;qdw
k m
vnf; ygw,f]
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]tck ur®0gpmzwfMurSmu ½Gmausmif;ok;H ausmif;xJu bke;f
BuD;okH;yg;yJ}
]tif;}
]ok;H yg;u oHCmrjzpfb;l r[kwv f m;}

66 ÓPuxm
]tif;}
]ok;H yg;xufyv kd nf; onfyrJG mS oHCmrjzpfEikd b f ;l }
]av;yg;? av;yg;eJt Y xuf[m oHCmjzpfNyD r[kwv f m;}
]odrx f v J nf;r[kw?f e,foC H mvnf; rodr;f awmY bke;f Bu;D
awGrsm;vnf; 0*fjzpfrmS / oHCmrjzpfb;l aygY}
]at;- [kwo f m;}
]Ny;D awmY OyZÑm,fvnf; r½Sb d ;l ? &[ef;avmif;vnf; r½Sb d ;l /
onfur®0gzwfzYkd csKd U,Gi;f wJt Y csuaf wGu Munfyh gOD;}
]at;aygY}
]ig-ausmif;jyefa&mufawmY? OyZÑm,fbek ;f Bu;D udk b,fvv kd -J
avQmufawmY? 'gudk olu onfvdk ajymw,f/ ]oluvnf; olwdkY
q&mbkef;BuD;udkar;zl;w,f}-ajymwmyJ}
]olYq&mu b,fvdkajzowJYvJ}
]'g tpOftquf zwfvmwm}vdaYk jzw,f- ajymw,f}
][if-}
]onfvakd jzwmtwGuf igYq&mudk awmu pmrwwfwYJ
bke;f Bu;D rdyYk v
J Ykd ig xifvu kd w f ,f}
]tckawmY}
]pmwwfq&mawmfawGvnf; onfvdkyJawGU&wm tHYMo&
wmaygY}

ÓPuxm 67
19/ jrefrmYp,
G pf u
Hk sr;f taMumif; wpfcsed u
f
pmorm;wpfa,mufudk ½SifÓPajymqdkaompum;
]onfacwfrmS pmayAdrmefeYJ ol&Y UJ jrefrmYp, G pf u

Hk sr;f awG[m
av;eufwJY pmtkyfawGyJ}
]tck av;ig;wGaJ wmif xGuNf yx D ifw,f}
]tJonfpmawGxrJ mS trSm;ygw,fq?kd tHMY o&rSmyJ}
]rygavmufygbl;}
]aoaocsmcsmzwfvsif trsm;Bu;D awGUrvm; xifrw d ,f}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]onfu ynm½Siv f nf; r[kwb f ;l ?tysi;f ajyzwfwmawmif
trSm;ok;H ck awGUw,f}
]ud, k u
f vnf; rSm;aeygOD;r,f}
]ajymMunfhr,f}
]vkyfygOD;}
]uefpeG ;f jyxm;wmrSm? a&uefpeG ;f ? awmifuefpeG ;f ? Ouef
pGe;f vdjYk yNy;D "mwfyrHk mS OuefpeG ;f r[kww
f meJY uefpeG ;f O wG½J ukd jf yw,f}
][kwfrvm;}
]'gawGu rSm;jyMuwmawGy}J
]aemufwpfck vkyfygOD;}
]MuufqlyifrSm trsdK;rsdK;½Sdw,fajymNyD;? Muufqlom;ukd
yk&ydkufacszdkY rifrD;aoG;zkwf&w,f ajymw,f}
]r[kwfvdkYvm;}

68 ÓPuxm
]rD;aoG;zkw&f wJY Muufqu l oljywJY Muufqyl ifawGxrJ mS

rygbl; jzpfaew,f}
][kwfvm;}
]aemufwpfcu k ql;&pfy?J ql;&pfrmS ½kua© A' rsKd ;&if;ç rsKd ;pdwf
awG ajymw,f}
]'gawGudk olwdkYrrSm;avmufygbl;}
]at;- 'gayrJY ql;&pfyifudk ql;ykwfBuD;yifvdkY ac:Muao;
w,fwu YJ mG ? b,fvv kd }J
20/ pmoifwu
kd rf mS aepOfu ½SiÓ
f PESiYf
ÓPuxm 69
olrY w
d af qG&[ef;wpfyg; ykw;D pdyt
f aMumif; ajymaompum;
]wynfah wmf odum© ok;H 0gyJ &ygao;w,f}

]t[kwfvm;}
]b,favmufxifvdkYvJ}
]q,f0g}
]rjzpfEdkifwm]
]wu,fxifwm}
]onfavmuf tdkoGm;NyDvm;]
]&ifaY ewmawmY trSeyf }J
]b,fvdkawGU&vdkYvJ}
]wpfausmif;vk;H avmuf aqmYw,f? ud, k af wmfu vk;H 0 r
aqmYbl;}
]igu pmzwf0goemyJ ygwmud;k }
]wpfausmif;vk;H yGo
J mG ;w,f? ud,
k af wmfu roGm;bl;]
]wynfah wmfu rEÅav; taeMumvmawmY yGu J kd 0oGm;vdYk
yg}
]yGyJ ?J 0-rvm;}
]MumawmY twlvdkawGcsnf;yJ}
]vkH;0 rMunfhcsifbl;vm;}
]onfvkd b,f[w k rf vJ}
]bmjzpfvdkY roGm;ovJ}
]udk,fYausmif;xJ uwmBuKHrSMunfhr,f atmufarYvdkYyJ}

70 ÓPuxm
]ud, k af wmfu tysi;f ajypum;awGvnf; rajymbl;}

]tJ'g- rajymwwfvyYkd }J
]pmawGzwfaerSawmY ajymwwfwmaygY}
]tif;-ysif;vnf;rysif;bl;}
]taysmfpm;wmvnf; udk,fawmf vkH;vkH;rvkyfbl;}
]'gu ud, k b Yf 0&nfreS ;f csuef YJ rudu k vf yYkd g}
]tjyif vrf;avQmufvnf; rxGub f ;l ]
]wynfhawmf ranmif;wwfbl;}
]vlranmif;vnf; pdwftanmif;ajyaygY}
]pdwfvnf; ranmif;bl;}
][kwyf aHk y:ygw,f? 'gayrJ-Y }
]bmvJ? ajymygOD;}
]ud,k af wmfu ykw;D awmYrpdyb f ;l }
][kwfw,f? ykwD;awmif r½Sdbl;}
]ykwD;rpdyfvsif tjypfrjzpfbl;vm;}
]b,fuvm-}
]qGr;f pm;wm ykw;D rpdyv f sif rausb;l qd}k
]tJ'g ESpyf ikd ;f ½Sw
d ,f}
]vkyfprf;ygOD;}
]wpfyikd ;f u ykw;D pdyzf aYkd jymwm r[kwb f ;l ? ykw;D ubk&m;vuf
xufu ½Sw
d mr[kwb f ;l }
]aemufwpfydkif;ua&m}
]qifjcifz}Ykd ajymwmyJ}

ÓPuxm 71
]ykw;D pdywf m qifjcifwmyJ r[kwv f m;}

]ykw;D pdyw f m ½Gww f myJ}
]½Gww f mvnf; qifjcifwm r[kwv f m;}
]wjcm;pDyJ}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]½Gww f m[m qifjcif&rnft Y aMumif;awG ajymxm;csuaf wG
jyef½GwfwmyJ}
]qifjcifwmu b,fvv kd }J
]qGr;f pm;vsif igpm;wm aysmzf jYkd zpfaeovm;? onfvkd igpm;
vdYk rjzpfb;l / onfu, kd f rQwwnfaezdYk pm;rS/ onfvv kd yk w
f m qif
jcifwmyJ}
]udk,fawmf? onfvdkaumqifjcifovm;}
][ifYtif;}
]bmjyKvdkYvJ}
]rvdkvdkYbJ}
]b,fvkd rvdkwmvJ}
]wdpYk m;&wmMunfah ygY/ aysmzf aYkd umif;zdYk jzpfEikd o f vm;? tm
[m&rQwzdYk renf;pm;ae&wmyJ}
][kwfw,f}
]tdy&f muvnf; Murf;ay:rSm? zsmwpfcsypf m &wm}
][kwfygw,f/
]ig0wfwmvnf; MunfOh ;D ? rQw½kx H uf bmydo k vJ? b,fvkd
Zdrcf rH vJ? 'gudu k qifjcifvo Ykd w
d mygyJ}

72 ÓPuxm
21/ OyZÑm,fq&mausmif;rSm pmoifaeqJ OD;yÍÆi;f wpfyg;eJY

awmausmif;aezdkY ½SifÓP ajymaompum;
]pmoifMum;rIawG tqkH;owfcJYNyDqdkawmY avmuBuD;rSm

bmawGvyk &f r,fvYkd t½Sib f &k m;taeeJY jrifovJ}
]bmrS rjrifb;l }
]bmrS rvkyfawmYbl;vm;}
]awmausmif;yJ aer,f}
]b,fvkd bmrSrjrifwmvJ}
]ig-oifMum;avYvmcJ&Y orQrmS wu,f[w k w
f ,f qdw
k m
awG[m rIe0f g;0g;awGcsn;f jzpfaewmyJ}
]bmawG ajymwmvJ}
]aA'if?vu©Pm?"mwf?ewf?aq;0g; tpptwwfynmawG
yJ}
]bmoma&;aum ygao;vm;}
]tJ'guav;awmY tppfyJxm;vdkufw,f}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]rIe0f g;oGm;rSm pd;k &drv f yYkd }J
]rIe0f g;oGm;w,fqw kd m b,fvv kd }J
]tajctjrpf rcdik rf mwmaygY}
]bmeJYppfwmvJ}
]tJonfynm&yfawG&UJ taMumif;&if;w&m; wnf½rdS eI ?YJ tJ
onfynm&yfawGu jzpfapwJY tusKd ;&yfawG&UJ jzpfxeG ;f rI ESpcf ek yYJ }J

ÓPuxm 73
]bmoma&;udv k nf; onfEpS cf ek YJ ppfzaYkd umif;wmyJ}

]ud,k &f yfaewmav; qdak wmY? ysuo f mG ;vsif tcufjzpfr,f
xifaew,f/ 'gayrJY wpfaeYusvsif ppfr&d rvm;vnf; atmufarY
w,f}
]ppfvsif bmoma&;rSm bmawG rIe0f g;ukerf ,f xifovJ}
]ewfawG?i&JawG?edAmÁ efawG? wefc;kd awGeYJ tbd"r®mawG}-yJ}
]'gu b,fvakd rS;rSed rf mS vJ}
]raocsmra&&mrSmeJY bmrStusKd ;rjzpfrmS }-awGaygY}
]rppfbJxm;w,fqdk? ppfNyD;NyDvm;}
]rppf&ao;ygbl;? ppfvsif ysurf ,fxifwmawG ajymwmyg}
]onfawmY t½Sib f &k m; i&JraMumufb;l vm;}
]tif;}
]ewfjynfaum ra&mufcsifbl;vm;}
]tif;}
]edAmÁ efaum rawmifw Y bl;vm;}
]tif;}
]onfvq kd kd aumif;rIawGukd bm&nf½, G Nf y;D vkyaf ewmvJ}
]tJ'gawGtwGuf r[kww f mawmY aocsmw,f/ wjcm; bm
&nf½,
G w
f ,fawmY wdusatmif rajymwwfb;l }
]aemifb0 r,kb H ;l vm;}
],kHw,fvdkY xifw,f}
]'gqdv k sif aemifb0udk raMumufb;l vm;}
][ifYtif;}

74 ÓPuxm
]bmjyKvdkYvJ]
]tckb0vdkyJvdkY atmufarYvdkY]
]tckb0[m aumif;vdkYvm;]
]tif;}
]b,fvdkaumif;wmvJ}
]tckvdkjzpfae&wm aumif;wmaygY]
]aemifb0rSm tckvrkd jzpfb?J i&Jusvsiaf um}
]i&JeJYqdkifw,fvdkY rawG;zl;bl;}
]ewfjzpfNy;D csr;f omvsiaf um}
]tJ'gjzpfNy;D csr;f omcsiw f mvnf; wpfcgrS rawG;zl;bl;}
]tckb0 tarY0rf;xJ ae&wmawG? tdrk mS çemrSmçaorSmawG
[m NiD;aiGUp&mqif;&JawG r[kwfvm;}
]tarY0rf;ae&wm qif;&Jw,fvnf; rodb;l / emwmvnf;
aq;aomuf&r,f/ tdw k mvnf; qif;&Jw,fvYkd rxifb;l / ao&rSm
vnf; aMumufp&mvdYk ratmufarYb;l }
]tckb0udk qif;&Jw,f rxifb;l aygY}
]tif;}
]qif;&Jw,fqw kd m ½Swd ,f rxifb;l vm;]
][iftY if;/ b,fv[ kd mawGv}J
]ud,
k rf vkyEf ikd ?f rjzpfEikd w
f mawG vky&f çjzpf&wmawG[m qif;
&JaygY/ 'gawGukd raMumufb;l vm;}
][ifYtif;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}

ÓPuxm 75
]vGaJ tmif azsmufv&Ykd wmawGryYkd }J

]onfausmif;rSm onfvykd J cef;aetjzpf qufaeawmYrmS
vm;}
][ifYtif;}
]bmvkyfrSmvJ}
]awmausmif;aerSm}
]bmtwGufvJ}
]aumif;w,fxifvdkYyJ}
]bmaumif;wmvJ}
]vGwfvyfwmaygY}
]bmu vGwfvyfwmvJ}
]tppuyJ}
]tppu bmawGv}J
]BuKd upf &m? rke;f p&m? aMumufp&m? vkypf &m? iJpY &m? tm;em
p&m? ypönf;ypö,? wm0eftaxGaxG/ onfvdk[mawGaygY}
]em;rvnfp&mbJ}
]igvnf; rajymwwfb;l }
]wpfrsKd ; ajymprf;ygOD;}
]bmrS rvkycf sib f ;l ? bmrSvnf; rjzpfcsib f ;l / onftwdik ;f yJ
½Sdcsifw,f/ onftwdkif;rSmvnf; b,folYatmufrS raecsifbl;/
b,fou Yl vkd nf; ud, k aYf tmufrmS rxm;csib f ;l /} onfvykd J igajym&
r,f}
]tJ'gawGudk aumif;w,fxifovm;}

76 ÓPuxm
]at;}
]aemifb0½Sdvsifaum}
]onfvykd J aumif;rSmyJ}
]tqkH;u b,fvdkvJ}
]aumif;zefrsm;awmY qk;H rSmyJ}
]b,fvdkqkH;rSmvJ}
]tJ'g rodb;l / bk&m;odw,fxifw,f}

ÓPuxm 77
22/ t*Fvyd pf moifwef;wufaepOfu

oifwef;azmfOD;Zif;wpfyg;
ESiYf y&d,wåw
d uúov
kd t
f aMumif; ½SiÓ
f Pajymaompum;
]wpfaeYu&wJY bmomaoG;pmtkyf zwfNy;D Nyv D m;}

]NyD;NyD}
]aumif;vm;}
]aumif;w,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]q&mawmf&UJ y&d,wåt d pDtrHu Bu;D rm;wmyJ]
]tcktwdkif;oifwmu bmvdkvdkYvJ}
]wuúodkvfawG rsm;aevdkYrsm;vm;}
]rsm;aevsif tJ'gawGaygif;aygY}
]tJ'gawGaygif;zdYk aerSmyJ}
]aygif;zdtYk wGuf aiGaMu;"eawG trsm;Bu;D uke&f rSm}
]rukefxdkufbl;vm;}
]onftwdkif;rjzpfvsif ukefxdkufw,f}
]b,fvdkrjzpfvsifvJ}
]ae&mxdik cf if; rvkaH vmufvsif rjzpfwmaygY}
]ae&mxdik cf if;u vkaH vmufayr,fY jyefuY saJ ew,f r[kwf
vm;}
]jyefaY wmY bmjzpfv?J um;vdik ;f awGqaJG ewmyJ}
]ydcYk swpYJ epf wpfcw
k nf;jzpfzYkd &nf½,
G o
f vm; rodb;l }

78 ÓPuxm
]'guvnf; Oya'jyKNy;D jy|mef;vdu k v

f Ykd r&bl;vm;}
]bmom&yfawG topfxnfhcsifvdkYrsm;vm;}
]tJ'gawGvnf; jy|mef;vd&Yk wmyJ}
]pkpnf;rdcsifvdkYrsm;vm;}
]tck½SdwJYygVdwuúodkvfawGupkNyD; tcsKyfa½G;vsif &wmyJ}
]ygVdynmoifXmeBu;D tBu;D Bu;D jzpfapcsiv f rYkd sm;vm;}
]'gqd?k tckwuúov kd af wGu bmvky&f awmYrmS vJ? wuúov kd f
Bu;D u roifwb YJ mom&yfyJ oifay;&awmYrmS vm;}
]'gqdk Bu;D rvmbJ? ygVdynmoifXme[m i,fyo J mG ;rSmaygY]
]at;}
]½SdNyD;om;udkzsufNyD; topfvkyfcsifwm igem;rvnfbl;/
½SNd y;D om;udrk rG ;f rHNy;D topfvyk o f ifw Y ,f r[kwv f m;}
]r&p&mudk ajymprf;ygOD;]
]onfvdkvnf; r½Sdavmufbl;}
][kww f maygY/ onfval wGeyYJ J topfukd vky&f rSmyJ[m}
]'gqd?k olpY w d uf ;l -wuúov kd t f opfMu;D rvdb k ;l aygY}
]em;rvnfp&mBuD;yg}
]bm&nf½, G Nf y;D onfpw d u f ;l ay:vmygvdr]Yf
]tusKd ;w&m;twGuf bmrSrxl;ayrJY olt Y wGuf xl;wmjrif
vdkYyJaerSm-vdkY wGuf&rvdkjzpfaew,f}
][m-}
]rtHYMoeJY}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}

ÓPuxm 79
]ol[m omoem&JUb0rSeu f kd jrifyrHk &bl;}

]onfawmY bmjzpfvJ}
]omoem[m ud, k [
Yf mtjzpfyJ jrifNy;D ? ud, k [ Yf m Bu;D yGm;
atmif Buw H maygY}
]omoem&JUb0trSeu f kd olrjrifwm b,fvv kd yk &f rvJ}
]wdik ;f jynf&UJ ynma&;udk a½S;uvdk bke;f Bu;D awGvufxrJ mS yJ
½Sad pcsiaf ewmawG a&;xm;w,f r[kwv f m;}
]at;-[kwfw,f}
]c&pf,mefEikd if aH wGrmS c&pf,mefbek ;f Bu;D awGu ynma&;
wm0efukd r&ç t&,lxm;Muwmvdak ygY}
][kwfw,f}
]ynma&;vkyif ef;[m omoema&; vkyif ef;vm;]
]wjcm;pDaygY}
]c&pf,mefbek ;f Bu;D awG ynma&;vkyo f m;wm0efawG ,lMu
wm omoemtwGuf xifovm;}
]r[kwyf gbl;? vlawGeYJ uif;uGmrSm pd;k vdyYk ]J
]vlawGeYJ ruif;uGmcsiw f meJY olww Ykd &m;eJY rpnf;½k;H bJ? vl
awG&UJ ynma&;wm0efxrf; tvkyt f auR;jyK pnf;½k;H wm[m ½d;k om;
&JUvm;ç w&m;&JUvm;-aygY}
]omoemjyKwm[m omoemyJjyNy;D jyKzYkd aumif;wmaygY/
ynma&;bef;jyNyD; omoemqnf;uyfoljzpfatmif vkyfwm[m
rawmfovdkyJ}
]vlawGudk vSnfhpm;NyD;? idkufvmrSzrf;,lwmrsdK;[m ig;udk

80 ÓPuxm
ig;rQm;csw
d rf mS wDaumifwyfzrf;ovdk jzpfaewm xif½mS ;w,f}
]onfenf;uawmY ESv;Hk emp&m rormrIy}J
]oluvnf; onfenf;aemuf vdu k &f zdYk pdwaf pmaewm od
omw,faemf/ 'g[m omoemb0udk olrjrifwm xif½mS ;csuf
wpfckyJ}
]at;-}
]aemufwpfcsufvnf; ½Sdao;w,f}
]bmvJ}
]olu ]omoem-wumu,frSwJY}
]'gu b,fvv kd }J
]omoemudk tkycf sKyo f ul ul&r,faygY}
]onftcsuu f omoem&JUb0udk olrodaMumif; b,fvkd
azmfjywmvJ}
]omoemqdw k m "r®pufy?J "r®pufqw kd m tmPmpuf&UJ t
xufrmS ½Swd ,f/ 'gaMumifY "r®pufukd tmPmpufeu YJ v
l rYkd &bl;}
]trSew f &m;udk 'Pfxm;Ny;D wnfaqmufvYkd r&bl; aygY}
][kww f ,f/ olu trSew f &m;twGuf 'Pfxm;ay;rnfo h l
udk tul-waew,f}
]ArmYordik ;f wavsmuf onfvykd v J yk cf wYJ m r[kwv f m;}
]tpOftvm½SdwmeJY trSefvkyfrvm;}
]onfvakd wmY r[kwb f ;l aygY}
]omoemYb0udk jrifvsif tkycf sKyo f u l ,fyg-b,fvyk rf vJ}
]b,fvdkvkyfrvJ}

ÓPuxm 81
]omoemxJrmS yJ bmcsKd U,Gi;f ovJMunfNh y;D jyif&rSmaygY}

]r&bl;jrifvYkd aerSmaygY}
]r&vsif ypfvu kd af wmYzyYkd }J
]rypfEikd v
f Ykd aervm;}
]rypfEdkifbl;xifwm? udk,fY[mxifaevdkYyJ}
]onfawmY bmjzpfvJ}
]ud,
k [
Yf mxifawmY? ud, k [ Yf muswm ud,
k u
f swmvdk emwm
aygY}
][kwfwmaygY}
]ud,
k ef mrSmpd;k awmY &&meJY usm;uefwmyJ}
]usm;uefawmY? rvJuswm raumif;bl;vm;}
]taou rvJawmY? toufawmY r0ifb;l / wapäyjJ zpfr,f}
]tif;-}
]wapäjzpfawmY tkyfcsKyfoleJY tNrD;pm;zufçacgif;pm;zuf
&mxl; &w,f}
]bmudk pm;wmvJ}
]jynfoludkaygY}
]a½S;uvnf; onfvykd aJ emf}
]tJ'g vGr;f wmaygY}
]aoG;qmwJYpmyJ}
]at;-}

82 ÓPuxm
23/ pmoifwu
kd rf mS aepOfu tazmfpmoifom;wpfO;D ESiYf
,aeYomoemtaMumif; ½SifÓPajymaompum;
]onfaeYAk'¨bmomudk b,fvdkjrifovJ}
]wdk;wufaew,faygY}
]bmawGawGY&vdkYvJ}
]bke;f Bu;D OD;a&awGvnf; b,fwek ;f ujzpfjzpfxuf rsm;rSmyJ}
]tif;-}
]pmoifpmcsEikd o f al wGvnf; onfvykd J rsm;r,f}
]tif;-}
]yd#uwfo;Hk ykv H ;Hk jyefEikd o f al wmif tck½adS eNy}D
]tif;-}
]oH*g,emvnf; wifEikd w f ,f?wumeJw Y umrbufuvnf;
tvSL'gef;Edik q
f ;Hk avmuf jzpfr,fxifw,f}
][kwfavmufygw,f}
]0dyóempcef;awGvnf; tckavmuf ay:zl;r,frxifb;l }
]at;-}
]'gawG[m wd;k wufrt I wGuf jyuGuaf ygY}
]wd;k wufwmudk 'gawGew YJ ikd ;f vdYk jzpfygYrvm;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]'gawGu acwftavsmufjzpfwmyJ}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]vlrsm;awmY bke;f Bu;D tpp rsm;wmaygY}

ÓPuxm 83
]'gqdk wd;k wufruI kd bmeJw

Y ikd ;f rvJ}
]omoemu vlawG&UJ Bu;D yGm;csr;f omrIawGukd jzpfxeG ;f
atmif b,favmuf apmifaY ½SmufEikd o f vJ}- qdw k meJY wdik ;f &rSmaygY}
][if-}
]omoem[m vlawG Bu;D yGm;csr;f omtwGuf rjzpfb;l ? om
oemBu;D yGm;csr;f omtwGuyf J jzpfw,fqv kd sif wd;k wufw,f b,f
vdak jymrvJ? omoem[m vlaY vmutwGuf tok;H cHypön;f jzpf
w,f/ wHpOf[m vlu jrufyif?aumufyif &dww f tYJ cg tok;H jyKc&H wJY
tok;H cHypön;f jzpfovdyk }J
]tif;-}
]vl &dwjf zwfp&mawG rsm;rsm;Ny;D rS? wHpOfukd wd;k wufw,fvYkd
ajym&r,f/ wHpOftwGuf wHpOfjzpfaevdYk tvum;bJ]
]tck vlawG wd;k wuf&UJ r[kwv f m;}
]omoemaMumifY vlawGrmS bmawG wd;k wufovJ}
]vlawmfaumif;awG jzpfvmwmaygY}
]'ge? oDv? bm0emvkyMf uvdv Yk m;}
][kwfw,f}
]tJonf 'ge? oDv? bm0emvkyw f mawG[m vlUavmu
twGuf vkyMf uwmvm;? omoemtwGuf vkyMf uwmvm;-ppfMunfh
ygOD;]
]½Sif;prf;ygOD;}
]vlawGudk apmifYa½SmufzdkYvkyfwm r[kwfbl;/ aemifb0
ud, k tYf wGuf vkyMf uwm}

84 ÓPuxm
][kwfom;]
]'gaMumifY omoematmufrmS ½Sw d vYJ al wG[m vlUwm0efudk
xrf;½Guf apmifaY ½Smuf&aumif;rSe;f rodb;l }
]tif;-}
]'gaMumifY vlawG tcsi;f csi;f rpnf;vk;H rnDnw G bf ;l / b,f
tpkawGMunfMh unfh uGaJ ewmyJ/ onfvjkd zpfvsif vGwv f yfçNird ;f wm
eJY 'gudo
k wd tYJ odw&m;? b,fvjkd zpfrvJç b,fvkd Bu;D yGm;csr;f om
rvJ]
]tif;-}
]onfawmY omoem[m omoemtwGufyJ jzpfaewm
xif½Sm;w,f r[kwfvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]wdk;wufwm [kwfao;vm;}
]pmawGawmY wwfMuykyH ]J
]pmwwfwm[m pmwwfzt Ykd wGuyf /J pm[m pmtwGuyf J
vkyfaeMuwm}
]wjcm;&nf½G,fcsuf r½SdMubl;vm;}
]wpfEdkifiHvkH; bkef;BuD;awGvdkufar;/ usrf;awGtrsm;qkH;
a&;olxrJ mS aemufq;Hk jzpfwYJ bke;f Bu;D wpfyg;[m y'y&rjzpfatmif
tm;xkwMf uvdYk Mo0g' ay;oGm;w,f}

ÓPuxm 85
24/ ½GmrSm rdrx

d ufBu;D wJY ½Gmom;rsm;eJY
½SifÓPajymaompum;
pmoifwu kd u
f qif;Ny;D ½Gmjyefa&mufNy;D tcsed u f ? ½Gmu tpf
udt
k ½G,?f OD;av;t½G,f ausmif;om;rsm;udk ½SiÓ f P pum;ajymcJY
w,f/
]b,fvdkvJ? aevdkYxdkifvdkY tqifajyMu&JUvm;}
]wynfah wmfww Ykd pfoufrmS tqiftajyqk;H tcgyJawmif
ajym&rvdkygyJ}
]tHYMop&myJ}
]olykefawGvnf; r½SdawmYbl;? olcdk;ç"m;jyvnf; txenf;
oGm;w,f? qefaps;uvnf; wpfusyçf ESpu f sy&f ,f}
]cifAsm;wdYk vufawGUod&wmawGt&qdak wmY [kww f myJ}
]Edik if aH &;u aumif;awmYrmS r[kwv f m;}
]r[kwfbl;}
]OD;Zif;u A[kow k ½Sw d ,f? wynfah wmfwu Ykd kd Edik if aH &;av;
bmav; ajymygOD;}
]Edik if aH &;orm; r[kwaf wmY tao;pdwf rajymwwfygbl;}
]ajymwwfwmav;yJ wynfah wmfwYkd odcsiyf gw,f]
]vlawG om,m0ajymzdkYqdkvsif vlawG vGwfvyf&w,f/
rvGwv f yfbJ om,m0ajymvdYk r&bl;/ &w,fqv kd nf; MumMumrcH
bl;? rawmfwqyJ}
]wynfah wmfww Ykd ikd ;f jynfu vGwvf yfa&;&Ny;D NyD r[kwv f m;}
][ifYtif;]
86 ÓPuxm
]wynfah wmfwiYkd ,fi,fu vGwv f yfa&;atmifyaJG wGawmif

½GmrSmZmwfimS ;Ny;D usi;f yao;w,f r[kwv f m;}
]tif;-]
]'gqdk wynfah wmfwYkd vGwv f yfw,f r[kwv f m;}
]tJ'gu t*Fvyd u f v
kd ekd t
D yk cf sKyaf &;u vGwv f yfwmyJ jzpf
w,f/ cifAsm;wdv Yk w G vf yfwm r[kwb f ;l ]
]t*Fvyd t f yk cf sKyaf &;u vGwv f yfwm[m wynfah wmfwjYkd zpf
awmY? wynfhawmfwdkY vGwfvyfwm r[kwfbl;vm;}
]t*Fvyd t f yk cf sKyaf &;u vGwv f yfwmudk vGwv f yfwmxif
vsi?f t*Fvyd u f jrefrmjynford ;f Ny;D tkycf sKyw f mvnf; cifAsm;wdv Yk wG f
vyfwmvdYk rSw&f vdrrYf ,f}
]tJ'gu rvGwv f yfwmjzpfwm r[kwb f ;l vm;}
]r[kwfbl;}
]bmYaMumifYvJ}
]t*Fvyd u f t&if;½Sipf epf r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]cifAsm;wdu Yk kd tvsiu f tkycf sKyo f [ l m ya'o&mZfpepf&UJ
bk&ifyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]ya'o&mZf[m t&if;½Sipf epfxuf jynfov l x l jk zpfwYJ cif
Asm;wduYk kd csKwcf s,zf Ed ydS w f ,f]
][kwfygYrvm;}
]ya'o&mZfawG[m olwt Ykd yk cf sKyrf mS udak wmif jynfoal wGukd

ÓPuxm 87
xkwjf yefxm;wJyY Hk r[kwb f ;l / olpY w d x f iftwdik ;f vkycf siw f mvkyf

w,f/ t*Fvyd u f Oya'eJt Y yk cf sKywf myJ/ t&if;½Sipf epfrmS tzdEydS cf &H
wmu tzdEydS cf o H l avQmv f yYkd /J ya'o&mZfxuf trsm;Mu;D vGwv f yf
rIydkw,f]
]t*Fvyd u f vGww f m vGwv f yfwmr[kwb f ;l qdak wmY vGwf
vyfwmu b,fvv kd }J
]ud, k [
Yf mud, k f tkycf sKyw f m[m vGwv f yfwmyJ]
]tJ'g em;rvnfb;l }
]udk,fYtkyfcsKyfrnfhpnf;rsOf;udk udk,fYudk,fpm;vS,fuwqifY
n§q d cJG ikd ;f Ny;D ? tJonfpnf;rsO;f twdik ;f tkycf sKyrf nfo h u l kd ud,k uf iSm;
wm/ 'g[m tkycf sKyo f rl ½Sb d J ud, k [ Yf mud,k f tkycf sKyw f myJ}
]wynfah wmfwYkd 'gawmif rodMubl;/ ud, k [ Yf mud, k tf yk cf sKyf
zdYk a0;wmaygY]
][kww f maygY/ 'gudk onfvrkd jzpfbJ vlawGvw G vf yfatmif
Edik if aH &;orm;awGu ygwDawGzUJG Ny;D vlawGuEkd ;Id aqmfay;Mu&rSm}
]EdkifiHa&;orm;awGuvnf; rvkyfMubl;]
][kww f ,f? rvkyEf ikd Mf ubl;]
]bmjzpfvYkd rvkyEf ikd Mf uwmvJ}
]t*Fvyd jf yefomG ;awmY wdik ;f jynfrmS tkycf sKyo f rl ½Swd m rjzpf
&atmif? tkycf sKyrf nfo Y u l kd vlawGqu D qEáwmif;w,f}
][kwfw,f? wynfhawmfwdkY zqyvudk rJay;vdkufw,f}
]at; zqyv[m vlawGcefYwJY tkyfcsKyfa&;udk,fpm;vS,f
awGaygY}

88 ÓPuxm
]tJonftcsed u f wynfah wmfwYkd vGwv f yfwmaygY}

]rajymavmufbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]uGejf rLepfawGu vlawGcefx Y m;wJtY pd;k &udk uzsu, f zsuf
vkyfMuw,f]
]olwu Ykd bmjzpfvYkd vkyMf uwmvJ}
]vlawGuv kd wG v f yfciG Yf ray;bJ? olwu Ykd vlawGukd pDrjH c,f
vS,fcsifvdkYaygY}
]olwdkY bmvdkYjc,fvS,fcsifwmvJ}
]tJ'grS vlawGaumif;r,fxifvaYkd ygY}
]vlawG vGwv f yfwmeJ?Y olwjYkd c,fv, S w f m b,f[mu w
u,faumif;rvJ}
]vGwfvyfwmaumif;wmaygY}
]olwYkd 'gudrk odb;l vm;}
]ud,k [ Yf mud,k f rSew f ,fxifaeawmY b,ford vJaygY}
]uGejf rLepfawG[m vlawGukd rav;pm;bJ olwpYkd epfukd av;
pm;w,faemf}
]'gaMumifY vlawG&UJ ud, k pf m;vS,af wGukd uzsu, f zsuv f yk f
wmaygY}
]onfawmY bmjzpfovJ}
]vlawGwifxm;wJYtpdk;&u olwdkYudkzrf;qD;zdkY vkyfwmaygY}
][kwfwmaygY}
]olwu Ykd tzrf;rcHbJ vlawGwifxm;wJY tpd;k &qDu tm

ÓPuxm 89
Pmud, k zl Ykd vufeufuikd Nf y;D olyek x f w,f/vlawGwifxm;wJY tpd;k &

uvnf; ruRr;f usiw f m&,f? bmrSrjynfph w Hk m&,feq YJ akd wmY vuf
euftm;ud;k Ny;D tmPmvkou l kd rESrd Ef ikd b f ;l }
][kww f ,f/ wynfah wmfwq Ykd rD mS awmif vlawGowfjzwfNy;D
rif;rlaewm tMumBuD;yJ/
]vlawGwifxm;wJY tpkd;&uvnf; olwdkYt½IH;rcH&atmif
olyek ef pYJ yfw½YJ mG awG rD;½IUd ? zrf;qD;? vlq;kd arG;? vufeufay; vkyaf wmY
wmyJ}
][kww f ,f?jyKapmxD;awG "m;jywdu k w f m ud,
k af wGUcH&w,f}
]onfvekd YJ vlawGwifwYJ tpd;k &uvnf; vlawGvt kd ifqE´
udk tav;rrlEdkifawmYbl;/ olwdkYwdkufoludk tEdkifwdkufEdkifatmif
ppfwyfukd tiftm;jznfah e&w,f}
]vlawGvGwfvyfrI trSwfr&Edkifbl; jzpf&rSmaygY}
]vGwfvyfrIqdkwm bmjzpfw,f? vGwfvyfrI t&om[m
bmjzpfw,f- 'gawGvnf; vlawGukd xlaxmifay;cGiYf r&awmYb;l }
]'gYaMumifY wynfah wmfwYkd rodwmaygY}
]vGwv f yfruI kd rjrwfE;kd wwf½rHk ubl;? emrnfawmif rSef
atmif vlawG rac:wwfawmYbl;jzpfwm awGU&w,f]
]b,fvdkrac:wwfwmygvJ]
]vGwv f yfr}I -udk vGwv f yfa&;vdYk yJ ac:aeMuw,f}
]twlyJ r[kwv f m;}
]vGwfvyfrI}-[m ]vGwfvyfwJYtjzpf}? ]vGwfvyfa&;}-u
vGwv f yfatmif vkyaf qmifcw YJ tYJ jzpf&UJ trnf jzpfw,f}
]onfavmufawmifyJvm;}
90 ÓPuxm
]wu,faygY}
]awmfveS af &;aumifpq D Nkd y;D ppfwyfu tmPmodr;f awmY?
wynfah wmfwu Ykd kd olwyYkd J tkycf sKyw f maMumifY wynfah wmfwYkd rvGwf
vyfbl;aygY}
]at;-Asm}
]'gaMumifY wynfah wmfwYkd tckom,m0ajymw,fqw kd m[m
rcdik rf mbl; ajym&wmaygYaemf}
][kwfw,fAsm/ owdxm;NyD;awmYom apmifYMunfhMuay
awmY}
]onfvkd qufqufpyfpyfMum;&wm wynfah wmfwYkd A[k
okw todynmawG trsm;Bu;D wd;k ygw,f}
]tJonftodynmu cifAsm;wdYk xm0& om,m0ajymzdYk
twGuf vGwv f yfruI kd rarYatmif ulnyD gap-vdYk awmif;qd&k rSmyJ}
]aus;Zl;wifygw,fbk&m;}
25/ ½GmwumBu;D rsm;eJY ½SiÓ

f P ajymaompum;

ÓPuxm 91
pmoifwu kd u
f qif;vmNy;D ½Gmausmif;a&mufpu ½Gm½Sw d um
Bu;D rsm;udk ½SiÓ f P pum;ajymcJw Y ,f/
]aiGwpf&mwef odr;f wJt Y xJrmS wumBu;D wdYk tawmf ygMu
ovm;}
]enf;rsm;rqdak wmY ygMuygw,f}
]tawmfuav; pdwfarm vlarm jzpfrSmyJ}
]tawmfuav; [kwfygYrvm;bk&m;}
]tpd;k &[m vlawGukd vlrrSww f t YJ aMumif; jyvdu k w f myJ}
]tpd;k &qdak wmY vkycf siw f mvkycf iG ½Yf w dS maygY bk&m;}
]olwdkY onfvdkvkyfcGifYr½Sdbl;}
]olwdkYu tpdk;&yJ}
]b,fou l olwu Ykd kd tmPmay;vdv Yk }J
]olwdkYtm;eJYolwdkY tpdk;&vkyfwmaygY}
]b,fou l rS tkycf sKycf iG rYf ay;bJeYJ olrsm;awGtay: rif;vkyf
tkycf sKyw
f m[m olrsm;&JUvGwv f yfru I kd vk,ufwmaygY]
]a½S;u bk&ifawGvnf; onfvykd J r[kwv f m;? 'g-vlx Y ;Hk pH
xifyg&JU}
]r[kwb f ;l / a½S;bk&ifu "m;rOD;csvyk v f mwJY olwb Ykd ;kd bGm;
tarG&xm;wm/ olwyYkd ikd w f aYJ jray:vmaewJY olukd olwu Ykd tkycf sKyf
Muwm]
]bk&ifawGu vlawG&UJ vGwv f yfruI kd vk,ufwm r[kwb f ;l
aygY}

92 ÓPuxm
][kwfw,f? olwdkYtkyfcsKyfwm raumif;csifae? w&m;awmY

0ifw,f}
]tcktpd;k &uawmY wynfah wmfwaYkd ewJY ajrBu;D udk b,foYl
qDurS tarG&wmawmYr[kwfbl;]
][kww f ,f/ onfajrBu;D [m wcsed u f Armbk&ifyikd w f ,f/
t*Fvyd u f Armbk&ifqu D vk,w l ,f/ t*Fvyd u f ydik jf yefwmaygY/
t*Fvdyfu vGwfoGm;awmY Armbk&if r½SdawmYbl;/ tarGtjzpf
b,forYl v S nf; rvTEJ ikd af wmYb;l / onfawmY vlawG[m ud, k vYf uf
xJ½w dS aYJ jr ud, k yf ikd w
f maygY/ ud,
k ½f mS xm;wJY a½TçaiGçOpömawGvnf;
udk,fydkifwmaygY}
]tJ'gqdk wu,faumif;wmaygY bk&m;}
]aumif;qd?k tJ'g vGwv f yfwmyJ]
]onfajrBuD;eJY o,HZmwawGudk EdkifiHawmfuydkifw,f ajym
Muw,f r[kwv f m;}
]Edik if aH wmfqw kd m onfajrrSmaeMuwJY vlawGukd pkaygif;ac:
xm;wJY emrnfy/J onfval wG&UJ emrnfukd onfval wG&UJ wnf&m
ajrBu;D rSm wifpm;Ny;D ? onfajrBu;D udv k nf; Edik if aH wmf ac:&wmaygY/
vlr½Sv d sif onfajrBu;D [m b,fEikd if aH wmf [kwrf vJaygY/ 'gaMumifY
EdkifiHawmf
qdw k m onfval wG&UJ emrnfy}J
]EdkifiHawmfuydkifw,fqdkwm onfvlawGu ydkifwmaygY]
][kww f ,f/ Edik if aH wmftmPmqdw k m ½Sad o;w,f/ onfvl
awGu tm;vkH;oabmwlxm;wJY bma½Smif&aqmif&r,f-qdkwJY

ÓPuxm 93
owfrSwfcsufawGyJ}
]onfvlawG&JU a½Smif&efçaqmif&ef xkwfjyefcsufawGaygY]
]Edik if aH wmftmPm&tzGUJ qdw k m ½Sad o;w,f/ Edik if aH wmftm
Pmudk udik w f , G cf iG ?Yf tyfEiS ;f cH&wJyY *k Kd¾ vaf wGaygY/ tpd;k &tzGUJ qdk
wmyJ]
]tmPmydkiftzGJUaygY]
]onfval wG[m vlawGu iSm;&rf;tyfEcHS x H m;&wJY olawGyJ
jzpfw,f]
]vkycf siw f m vkyv f rYkd &bl;aygY]
]ay;xm;wJw Y m0efyJ vky&f rSmyJ]
]vlawG&UJ tmPm tyfc&H vdYk tmPm&olawGvnf; r[kwf
bJ vlawG&UJ ydik q f ikd rf aI wGukd xdxyd g;yg; &rf;um;aew,fqv kd sif
ol[m vlawG&UJ &efoyl /J tckawmY wynfah wmfwv Ykd yk t
f m;eJY t
arm½Smxm;&wJY aiGuv kd nf; wynfah wmfwYkd rydik b f ;l / tJonfaiGeUJ
0,fxm;&wJY ajruvnf; Ekid if aH wmfu ydik o f wJ/Y vkycf iG yYf J ½Srd wJ/Y
NrKd Uuukeq
f ikd af wGvnf;? puf½aHk wGvnf; onfvykd J jynfoyl ikd f tvkyf
cHae&w,f]
][kww f ,f/ 'gawG rMum;csi?f rjrifcsit f qk;H Mum;aejrifae
&wmyJ]
]wu,fyJ olwdkYvkyfwm rrSm;bl;vm;}
]bmjzpfvYkd onfvakd r;wmvJ wumBu;D wd}Yk
]onfvv kd yk w f m rawmfrw&m;jzpfvsif 'g-rawmfrw&m;
bl;-vdYk ajymrnfo h l r½Sad wmYb;l vm;vdyYk g]

94 ÓPuxm
]acwfu tJ'gudk rSefw,fvdkY jrifaeMuw,f/ olwdkYvnf;

'gYaMumifY vky0f UH wmaygY}
]onfvjkd rifwYJ acwfqw kd mu bmvJb&k m;]
]vlawGtrsm;tjym;aygY]
]olwu Ykd b,fvjkd rifwmvJ bk&m;]
]onfEikd if rH mS ½S½d o
dS rQ o,HZmwawG[m b,forl rS ydik b f ;l /
Edik if aH wmfu ydik w f ,f/ Edik if aH wmfqw kd m vlwpfO;D csi;f r[kwb f ;l /
'gaMumifY 'gawGukd vlwpfO;D csi;f u rydik &f bl;]
]wpfOD;csif;u 'gawGudk ydkifraeayrJY qdkifaewmyJ r[kwf
vm;}
][kwfwmaygY]
][kwfvsif onfo,HZmwawGudk b,fvdk cGJa0okH;pGJMur,f
vdYk oabmwlNy;D Edik if aH wmftmPm jyKxm;wmudrk S tmPm&olu
vky&f rSm r[kwb f ;l vm;}
][kwfw,f]
]tmPmvnf; tyfEiS ;f rcH&bJ olwv Ykd yk w
f m rSeyf gYrvm;
bk&m;}
]rrSefwmawGu trsm;BuD;]
]vlawGydkifwJY Opöm"ejzpfwJY puf½kHç tvkyf½kHç aps;qdkifawG
odrf;wmvnf; b,favmufqdk;ovJ}
]onfavmufq;kd wmudk olwu Ykd bmjzpfvYkd vky0f &YH wmvJ}
]'gvnf; acwfy}J
]tJonfacwfvlawGu b,fvdkjrifvdkYvJ}

ÓPuxm 95
]vlv Y yk t
f m;[m vkyt f m;½Sif &yfwnfv&Ykd ½kyH J ½Sw d ,f? tydk
rjzpfb;l vdYk ynm½SiBf u;D wpfa,mufu awG;ac:jyoGm;wmudk jrif
MuwmyJ}
]tvkyu f &wm[m vkyv f u
Ykd ek o
f mG ;wJt Y m;udk jyefjznfzh yYkd &J
r,fwv YJ m; bk&m;}
][kww f ,fwAYJ sm;/ onfawmY vlrmS Opöm"etydq k wkd m r½Sd
Edik &f bl;-wJ/Y ½Sv d sif cd;k xm;vdyYk w J /YJ cd;k xm;wJOY pöm"e[m ol[ Y mr[kwf
bl;aygY}
]tarG&vsifaum bk&m;}
]olrY bd bd;k bGm;rSm ½Sw d mvnf;yJ tJonf rdbçbd;k bGm;rSm
vnf; cd;k xm;vdyYk J ½Sw d mjzpfvYkd olwYkd rydik b f ;l aygY}
]ajrxJu&wm? aumuf&wmwdkYaum}
]tJ'gawGvnf; Edik if aH wmfyikd af ygY}
]onfawmY vlreS v f sif Opöm"e tydrk ½S&d bl;? ½Sv d sif tjypf
aygYbk&m;}
]at;-wJAY sm/ 'gaMumifv Y nf; tJ'gawGord ;f ,lwm w&m;
owJYAsm;}
]'g- w&m;r[kww f m rajymMubl;vm;}
]ajymwJEY ikd if aH &;orm;awG zrf;axmifcsxm;wm? vlawGrmS
acgif;aqmifajymrnfo h l r½Sad tmif vkyx f m;cH&w,f}
]bke;f Bu;D awG½o dS m;eJY bk&m;-? olwu Ykd 'g[m olwo Ykd w d YJ
w&m;u vGJaewm olwdkYrodMubl;vm;bk&m;}
]odwmaygY]

96 ÓPuxm
]olwu Ykd wdik ;f jynfukd w&m;jyaewmyJ? w&m;vGw J m ajym&

rSm r[kwb f ;l vm;bk&m;}
]olwv Ykd nf; rajym0HUbl;eJw Y w l ,f}
]ppfwyfu tiftm;b,favmuf½SdvdkYvJ}
]wpfodef;atmuf tawmfenf;ygw,f]
]bkef;BuD;aum b,favmuf½SdvJbk&m;}
]ud&k ifygqdv k sif ig;ode;f avmuf½rdS mS yJ}
]ppfwyfxuf trsm;BuD;omwmyJ}
]olwu Ykd aoewfeAYJ s]
]bke;f Bu;D rSmu ynmawGeyYJ b J &k m;]
]olwu Ykd tpd;k &tmPm ,lxm;wm]
]bke;f Bu;D uvnf; vlawGu&kd xm;Ny;D om;yg bk&m;}
]Edik if aH &;rdYk rvkycf siMf ubl; xifyg&JU}
]EdkifiHa&;[m bmomw&m;e,fy,fudk rxdyg;vsifawmY
ajymp&mr½Sb d ;l aygY/ xdvmvsiaf wmY rajymvsif wm0efuserf mS aygY}
]onfavmuf jzpfoGm;NyDvm;}
]jzpf-rjzpfuawmY olwq Ykd yk uf ikd xf m;wJY w&m;[m? bke;f Bu;D
awG qkyu f ikd x f m;wJY w&m;udk acszsuo f vm;çracszsub f ;l vm;-eJY
Munfh&rSmyJ}
]acszsuw f mawmY taotcsmyJ}
]b,fvdkvJbk&m;}
]bke;f Bu;D awG&UJ w&m;[m aumif;a&mif;aumif;0,fvyk v f Ykd
&xm;wJY Opöm"eawG ydik q f ikd w
f m[m w&m;w,f?ydik q f ikd cf iG ½Yf w
dS ,f-

ÓPuxm 97
a[mxm;wmyJ}
]olaX;çol<u,fawGtjzpf wnf½adS ewm[m w&m;w,f
a[m&JUvm;}
]a[mwmaygY/tJonfvjkd zpfatmif b,fvv kd yk &f r,fawmif
a[mao;w,f}
]vlUvkyt f m;[m ukeo f mG ;wJtY m;udk jyefjznfEh ikd ½f yHk jJ zpfr,f
qdwk mudk Ak'b ¨ momu trSm;çtrSef rqk;H jzwfEikd b f ;l vm;}
]Ak'b
¨ momu 'gudv k ufrcHygbl;?jynfph cHk suaf v;ck½v dS sif wd;k
wufw,f-a[mxm;csuf ½Sad ewmyJ}
]bke;f Bu;D awGu olwaYkd jymwmudk ,krH sm;oGm;Muvdv Yk m;
bk&m;}
]r[kwyf gbl;Asm/ vufawGUrSm onfvrkd S r[kww f mbJ}
]olwu Ykd vnf; odyeHÜ nf;usajymw,f-vdYk ajymrvm;yJb&k m;}
]vlqw kd m tm;eJcY sn;f vkyaf ewmrS r[kwb f /J ukev f yk Bf ud
,m xufjrufwmxuf xufjrufwmawGeYJ vkyaf eMuwmyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gqdv k sif tm;eJv Y yk o
f el ?YJ xufjrufwBYJ u, d meJv Y yk o f [ l m
tm;ukefwmcsif;wlvsif NyD;ajrmufrI rwlbl;/ NyD;ajrmufrIwlvsif
tm;ukew f mcsi;f rwlb;l yJ}
][kwfygY-bk&m;}
]onfoEl pS af ,muf&UJ vkyt f m;cawG[m jcm;&rSmyJ/ Bu, d m
eJv
Y yk o
f l &½Scd su[ f m ud,
k t f m;xuf ydrk mS aygY}
]Bud,mcvdkY ajymrvm;yJ}

98 ÓPuxm
]'gqdv k sif Bu,

d mae&mrSm ÓPfxnfv h sif b,fvv dk yk rf vJ?
ÓPf½edS YJ ÓPfr&YJ UJ vkyt f m;wlvsif ÓPf½o dS ul ydrk mS r[kwv f m;}
][kwyf g&JU/ bke;f Bu;D awGu onfw&m;rSm;Bu;D udk bmjzpfvYkd
rajymMuwmvJ}
]olwrYkd mS ajymzdUk wm0ef r½Sb d ;l -xifMuvdYk aerSmyJ}
]vlawGu olwu Ykd kd auR;arG;jyKpx k m;wm[m olwYkd w&m;eJY
rvGaJ tmif vlawGukd oGeo f ifEikd zf yYkd b
J &k m;}
]bke;f Bu;D awG 'gudk rodMuygbl;}
]w&m;rodvsif bke;f Bu;D awGu bmudo k ad eMuwmvJb&k m;}
]onfvdk tar;cH&awmYrSmyJAsm}

ÓPuxm 99
26/ pmoifwu
kd rf mS aepOfu rdwaf qGpmoifom;wpfO;D eJY
q|oH*g,emtaMumif; ajymaompum;
]q|oH*g,emwify[ JG m a½S;oH*g,emig;wefxuf vkyw f m

-omw,f ajym&r,f}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]tcsed af wGuvnf; onfo*H g,em[m tMumqk;H jzpfw,f]
]b,fvdkrdkYvJ}
]ok;H ESpaf v? oHCmta&twGuv f nf; trsm;qk;H yJ}
]ESpaf xmifiY g;&m? [kwv f m;-}
]at;}
]aiGaMu;ukefusrIvnf; omrSmyJ]
][kwfw,f]
]b,favmuf ukeu f sowJv Y }J
]aiGeJYajymvsif raumif;bl;? aiGu wefzdk;tajymif;tvJ½Sd
w,f}
]bmeJY ajymrvJ}
]a½Tw?Ykd qefçpyg;wdeYk YJ ajymrS]
]a½Tb,favmuf ukefovJ}
]a½Tusyfom;wpfodef;avmuf ukefw,f? ydómwpfaxmif
aygY}
]trsm;Bu;D ygvm;/ pyg;qdv k sif wif;aygif;wpfuak #avmuf
yJ]

100 ÓPuxm
]'gaMumifY onfo*H g,em[m tomvGeq f ;Hk jzpfavmuf

w,f ajymwm]
]vkyaf qmifcsuu f awmY [kww f myJ/ &v'faum om&JUvm;}
]tusKd ;&v'fuawmY odyNf y;D jyp&m r&bl;]
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]a½S;uomoemrSm ½SNd y;D om;xuf bmrS ykrd rkd xl;jcm;vdyYk ]J
]b,fvdk rxl;jcm;wmvJ}
]a½S;uomoemrSm r½Sad o;wmudv k nf; ½Sad tmife?YJ ½SNd y;D om;
udv
k nf; r½Sad tmif rvkyb f ;l / ½SNd y;D om;udk ½SNd y;D om;twdik ;f jzpfatmif
vkyfwmyJ]
]Edik if jH cm;uomoemawG aumif;atmifrsm; vkyw f mvm;}
]olwq Ykd u
D omoemu [mawGuv kd nf; ½SNd y;D om;udk ½SNd y;D
om;twdik ;f u bmrS jyifray;&ygbl;]
]onfvq kd v
kd sif tcsed af wG? aiGawG? vkyt f m;awG trsm;Bu;D
u bmvkyw f mvJ}
]wifw Y ,fpyH ,f jywmavmufaygY}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]wdo Yk moemBu;D onfavmuf xnf0gcrf;em;Bu;D rm; av;
eufw,faygY}
]<um;MuwmaygY]
]onfvakd wmY jzpfwmaygY}
]oH*g,emqdw k m 'grsKd ;yJvm;}
]onfvdkawmYr[kwfbl;}

ÓPuxm 101
]yXroH*g,emu bmtusdK;udkvkyfoGm;wmvJ}
]bk&m;&JUa[majymcsuf tjyefjY yeft
Y usu
J sJ jzpfaewmudk pkEikd f
cJYw,f}
]'kwd,oH*g,emuaum}
]0denf;tjiif;yGm;rIukd n§Ed ikd cf w YJ ,f}
]wwd,oH*g,em ajymygOD;}
]"r®ujJG ym;rIukd n§Ed ikd cf w
YJ ,f]
]pwkwo ¬ *H g,em vkyyf gOD;}
]EIwaf qmif "r®ç0de,awGukd pmay:wifEikd cf w YJ ,f]
]yÍöroH*g,emuaum}
]pmawGtrsKd ;rsKd ; jym;aewmawG tvG,n f Ed§ ikd af tmif? trSef
qk;H pmrljzpfatmifvyk Nf y;D ausmufwikd af wGtjzpf pdu k x f m;Edik cf w
YJ ,f}
]q|oH*g,emu b,ftusKd ;azmfw,f vkyyf gOD;]
]tJ'g rajymwwfatmifb}J
]pmtkyaf wG½u kd wf m ajymvsif &rvm;}
]pmtkyfawGuvnf; tvsifuwnf;u ½dkufNyD;om;}
]pmrl ydkoefYrvm;}
]tvsifuvnf; oefYNyD;om;yJ}
]bkef;BuD;awGrsm; pmydkwwfoGm;rvm;}
]'gvnf; r[kwb f ;l / eud, k u f wwfNy;D om;twdik ;fy}J
]*dP
k ;f awG aygif;oGm;wmvm;}
]eudk,ftwdkif;yJ}
]bmoma&;Edk;Mum;rIawG xGufvmrvm;}

102 ÓPuxm
]eudk,fuvnf; Edk;MuNyD;om;yg}
]Edik if rH sm; tjrwf&rvm;}
]Edik if u
H awmY r&bl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]vGwv f yfpjzpfvYkd bmt&if;tES;D rS aumif;aumif;r½Sad o;
olu bmtusKd ;rS ray:wJt Y vkyrf mS a½Tyó d m tcsed wf pfaxmif
avmuf okH;cJY&vdkYygyJ}
]onfavmuftvkyfBuD;vkyfwm bmrS tusdK;r&awmYbl;
vm;}
]OD;EkeYJ zqyvtzGw YJ ?Ykd OD;0dpw
d eå YJ r[mpnfw?Ykd anmif&rf;wdYk
*kPof u
d m© awG &wmuvGv J Ykd wjcm;uawmY tenf;tyg;yJrYkd rajym
yavmuf jzpfw,f}
]rif;yJ onfo*H g,em tomqk;H qd}k
][kwfw,f}
]bmomwmvJ}
]vkyf&wmav]
]&wmbmrSr½Sb d J vky&f wmrsm;wm[m omw,fvaYkd jymvdYk
aumif;rvm;}
]onfavmuf vkyfxm;&wJY oH*g,emMuD;? raumif;bl;
ajymvdaYk umif;rvm;? onfawmY vkyw f momw,f-vdYk ajym&wmaygY}

ÓPuxm 103
27/ pmoifwu kd af epOfu pmoifom;wpfO;D eJY ½SiÓ

f P
udk,fydkifpmtaMumif; ajymaompum;
]ig jrefrmpmudk jrefrmrdo Yk m zwfwwfa&;wwf&w,f? rzwf

zl;bl;/ wdkY-oifzl;w,fqdkwmvnf; reufeJygbl;}
]bke;f Bu;D pmoifom;awGtwGuf jrefrmpmwd?Yk ocsmF wdYk ygzdYk
aumif;w,faemf}
]aumif;wmaygY}
]yx0Dçordik ;f çody-HÜ 'gawGvnf; ygzdaYk umif;wmyJ}
]onfbmomawGu yifrawmY r[kwb f ;l ? 'gawGeYJ uif;uGm
raezdkYavmufaygY}
]jrefrmpmwwfzdkY bmawGavYvm&rvJ}
]o'´gawG? a&;xkH;awG? a0g[m&awG od&rSmaygY}
]ygVdo'´g rwwfb;l vm;}
]rwlwmqdak wmY tenf;tyg;yJ &r,f}
]zGUJ xk;H uawmY ravYvmvsif r&bl;? a0g[m&uvnf; tbd
"mefr½Sdbl; r[kwfvm;}
]csKyv f u kd v
f si?f jrefrmpmwwfzUkd jrefrmpmawGyJ rsm;rsm;zwf&
r,fvYkd ajym&rSmyJ}
]zwf&rSmu bmawGv}J
]ausmufpmawG? uAsmawGeYJ pum;ajyta&;tom;awGaygY}
]trsm;BuD;ygvm;-}
]tenf;tyg;½Sw d myg? jrefrmpmay:wmrS rMumao;wmyJ}

104 ÓPuxm
]'gqdkvsif tJ'gav; zwfaygY}

]ysif;p&mBuD;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]uAsmawGu ydkrsm;w,f}
]ydkraumif;bl;vm;}
]uAsmqdak yrJY um&efeaYJ &;xm;wJpY mawGyJ jzpfaew,f}
]uAsmqdkwm onfvdkr[kwfbl;vm;}
]um&ef[m uAsmr[kwb f ;l / uAsmzGUJ wJt
Y cg tzGUJ &JU t&nf
tcsi;f awG trsm;Bu;D xJu wpfco k mjzpfw,f}
]uAsmtppftrSefu b,fvdk[mvJ}
]taMumif;t&mwpfcu k kd jzpf&yfay:apwJ?Y toHvnf; pD;
qif;rIomwJY ta&;tzGUJ [m uAsmyJ}
]uAsmaumif;&JUvu©Pmu bmawGvJ}
]taMumif;t&m aumif;&r,f? jzpf&yfvnf; ay:&r,f?
toHp;D qif;rIvnf; om&r,f? onfo;Hk csuyf ]J
]tJonfvq kd v
kd sif uAsmu aumif;wmyJ? uAsmzwfzYkd bm
aMumifY ysi;f &wmvJ}
]uAsmawGu a½S;ua&m? ckacwfa&myJ- toHp;D qif;rIeYJ jzpf
&yfazmfzYkd ESpcf suaf vmufeyYJ J zGUJ xm;Muw,f}
]taMumif;t&mawGu raumif;bl;vm;}
]raumif;bl; ajymvdaYk wmY rjzpfb;l aygY/ 'gayrJ-Y }
]bmvJ- 'gayrJu Y }
]odNy;D om;xuf rqef;opfb;l aygY/ omrefoal wG odausNy;D

ÓPuxm 105
om;taMumif;ukyd J jzpf&yfay:atmif? toHomomeJY zGUJ xm;wmawG

jzpfaew,f}
]ArmawGrmS tBu;D qH;k uAsmpmtky[ f m b,f[mvJ}
]rCa'0 jzpfr,fxifw,f/ ud;k cef;ysKd UBu;D vnf; ygw,f}
]tJonfxJu taMumif;t&mawGua&m}
]rqGaJ qmifEikd Mf uygbl;/ olwUkd ud, k w
f ikd jf rifwYJ avmutjrif?
wpfcrk S ygr,f r[kwrf ygbl;}
]uAsm[m 'óerS r[kwb f }J
]uAsm[m ykaH jymwmvnf; r[kwrf aS ygY}
]ckacwf uAsmawGaum}
]uAsmtaMumif; ajym&wmu jrefrmpmavYvm&wm ysi;f &
jcif;taMumif; ay:zdyYk }J
][kwyf gw,f/ tckar;wmu uAsmeJpY yfvYkd ar;wmyg]
]'gqdk ajym&rSmyJ/ aiGwm&DaoNyD;pu olYuAsmwpf&mudk
xkww f ,f?zwfMunfw h ,f/ bmrS tJonfxu J ½Smr&bl;]
]ocifu, kd af wmfridI ;f Bu;D [m uAsmzY cifBu;D vdyk gyJ/ olu Y Asm
awGuaum}
]olO;D aqmifwm bm½Sv d ?J olrsm;jzpfNy;D om; olajymwmyJ]
]'*Hwk m&mwd?Yk aZmf*sw D ?Ykd rif;ok0Pfwv Ykd nf; ajymygOD;]
]ykHpHpum; ajymwm? taMumif;t&m ajymp&mr½SdvdkYyg/
aA'gyif taMumif;uaum xGuaf ygufb,frmS vJ? v,fapmifw Y J
uav;aum "mwfyv Hk vS S ½du k jf ywmyJ}
]aemufuAsmawG ajymygOD;}
]cHpm;rIa0'em zGUJ ay;wmawGy?J awGU&cufavmufygyJ}
106 ÓPuxm
]a0'emay;wm? tzd;k rwefb;l vm;}

]a0'em[m tcsKd reI v Yf [kd myJ}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]tm;jzpfrnft h pmudk pm;csizf , G jf zpfatmif tcsKd reI Yf ul&um
rQyJ? tcsdKrIefYt&omcHzdkY tcsdKrIefY&nfcsnf;aomufwm r[kwfbl;}
]cHpm;rI[m tulypön;f yJ jzpfw,f/ cHpm;rIoufoufqv kd sif
tzdk;rwefbl;- qdkvdkwmvm;}
]qm;[m vltwGuf r½Srd jzpf vdt k yfwyYJ pön;f jzpfayrJ?Y ol
csn;f oufoufqv kd sif wefz;kd odyrf ½Sb d ;l r[kwv f m;}
]tEkynmonf&UJ pGr;f &nf[m cHpm;rIazmfay;&wmyJ r[kwf
vm;}
]'g- olwt Ykd m;[m trSeyf gyJ}
]olwdkYtm;udk olwdkYjywm rrSefbl;vm;}
]olwt Ykd m; olwjYkd ywm rrSm;ayrJ?Y olwt Ykd m;eJU bmudrk S r
aqmifwm[m bmaumif;rvJ? bmtusdK;½SdrvJ}
]at;-rif;u onfvdkjrifwmudk;}
]xm;yg/ Bu;D Bu;D us,u f s,f rjrifygeJU/ igvnf; xifcsi&f m
xifjrifwmyg/ igysi;f wm[m ysi;f wmyJaygY- vd}Yk
28/ rEÅav; rpd;k &drw

f u
kd rf mS oli,fcsi;f rsm;eJY

ÓPuxm 107
½SiÓ
f Pajymaom aocsma&&mpum;
rEÅav; rpd;k &drw f u

kd rf mS aepOfu oli,fcsi;f rsm;eJY ½SiÓ f P
pum;ajymygw,f/
]igYtodxrJ mS ? igYu, kd if g bmrSt"dygÜ ,fr½So d vdk cHpm;&w,f]
]b,fvdkvJ}
]ig -rke;f wmvnf; r½Sb d ;l / cspw f mvnf; r½Sb d ;l / cspcf siçf
rke;f csiwf mvnf; r½Sb d ;l / bmawGjzpfcsiw f mç rjzpfcsiv f nf; r½Sb d ;l
bJ}
]rif;- pmawGoifaewmyJ}
]tJ'gawGvnf; oifcsiv f v S Ykd r[kwb f ;l }
]rif;- pmawGvdkufEdkifwmyJ}
]ajymwmawGawmU odwmaygY/ usu&f rSmawGrmS ig- pdwrf yg
bl;}
]rif;- ysi;f aeovm;}
]ysif;aewm r[kwfayrJY? aysmfaewm r[kwfbl;}
][kww f ,f/ rifMY unf&h wm wpfrsKd ;yJ}
]igYudk b,fvdkodMurvJ}
]tpm;vnf; rufwyYJ Hk ray:bl;/ t0wfvnf; awmfatmif
avsmaf tmif 0wfw,f/ tdy&f mvnf; oefaY tmif rvkyb f ;l /vlvnf;
oefaY tmifraebl;/ vufonf;ajconf;awGe/J qHyifç rkwq f w
d af wG
vnf; rsm;w,f/ a&csKd ;vsif acs;vnf;rwGe;f bl;/ oGm;vnf; rSerf eS f
rwdu k bf ;l / aeykx H ikd yf u
Hk vnf; toufr0ifb;l }

108 ÓPuxm
]tJ'gawG[m ig-vkyzf Ykd vdt k yfw,fvu Ykd kd igrxifb;l }

][kwrf mS yg/ rif;-pdwv f çkd vufvakd ewm od&ygw,f}
]igYc, H cl sux
f rJ mS rvkyb f jJ zpfwmudk rvkycf sib f ;l / rjzpfwmrS
bJ vkyfcsifw,f}
]'gayrJ?Y rif;u pmawGrmS awmY awmfw,f/ pmMunft h m;
vnf; rif;oefw,f}
]'gawG? rvkyrf jzpfvYkd vky&f wmawGy/J vkycf siv f Ykd vkyaf ewm
awG r[kwb f ;l }
]rif;-bmvkyfcsifovJ}
]bmrS rvkycf sib f ;l }
]bmjzpfcsifovJ}
]bmrSvnf; jzpfcsifwm r½Sdbl;}
]Bu;D vsif bmvkyrf mS vJ}
]awmxGufr,f}
]awmxJ bmvkyrf mS vJ}
]rodbl;/ bmrSawG;vdkY r&bl;/ tJonfavmufusvsif
aorvm;rodbl;}
]rif;[muvnf; edrw d rf ½S?d ermr½Sed UJ }
]igYtem*wfukd igrjrifb;l / bmrSukd igrjrifb;l }
]i,fi,fu aysmcf &YJ UJ vm;}
]aysm&f wmudk odyt f rSwrf &bl;}
]ysif;aecJYovm;}
]onfvakd wmYvnf; r[kwb f ;l / 'gayrJ-Y igYrmS ud, k yf ikd pf w
d f

ÓPuxm 109
rjzpfc&YJ bl;- xifw,f}

]rif;uawmY? wu,fY wpfrsKd ;yJ/ b,foel rYJ S &efrjzpfb;l /
b,folYudkrSvnf; rcifrifbl;/ qGrf;vnf;&atmif rcHwwfbl;/
b,foel rYJ v S nf; aygif;rpm;bl;/ rSerf eS vf yk &f rnfh 0wå&m;qdk rif;r
vkyf&zdkY BudK;pm;w,f/ r[kwfxifwmudk ravQmYwrf; jiif;w,f/
vufawGUjzpfr,f rxifwmudk jzpfw,fawGUvsif prf;oyfw,f}
]igYpwd x
f rJ mS bmudrk S aqmifrxm;csib f ;l /'gaMumifY jywf
atmifvkyfwmyJ]
]olrsm;awGa&;xm;wJY uAsmç0w¬Kpmwpfckck rifYjyvsif?
rif;a0zefvYkd olwpYkd m ysuw f ,f}
]igYjyawmY igxifwm ajym&wmaygY ]
]wpkHwckvkyfzdkY pdwful;xm;wmudk? rif;eJYwdkifyifvsif bmrS
vkyvf Ykd r&awmYb;l }
]igYpwd x
f rJ mS vkyvf rYkd &bl;xifwm ajym&wmyJ}
]tck? oli,fcsif;awGu rifYudkaMumufaeNyD}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]rif;odvsif ysufw,fqdkNyD;awmYyJ}
]igu tzsuo f rm;aygY/ onfvjkd zpf&wm 0rf;enf;ygw,f/
ig - ysupf ;D apcsipf w d f r½Syd gbl;}
]'gudk wdUk ,kyH gw,f/ 'gayrJ-Y }
]'gayrJu Y kd qufygOD;}
]rif;uawmY jyifrmS r[kwyf gbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}

110 ÓPuxm
]rif;u ]ÓPfxuf}-vdYk igwdaYk c:wJt

Y wdik ;f rif;- ÓPfxuf
w,f}
]igvm;uGm-}
][kwfw,f}
]*gxmav; q,fy'k af vmuf wpfaeY&atmif? ig-tawmf
yifyifyef;yef; usu, f &l w,f}
]rif;pmusufoHudk wpfem&Dxuf igwdkYydkrMum;&zl;bl;}
]wpfem&DtwGi;f &vsi&f ? r&vsif onfx h ufyu kd suvf nf;
r&awmYvdkYyJ}
]nrSmvnf;? rif;-pmaumif;aumif;rjyefygbl;}
]ysi;f vdYk rjyefwmyJ/ rjyefbJ &aer,f xifovm;? arYuek f
wmyJ}
]rif;arYwm igwdjYk yefaeoavmuf jzpfaew,f}
]rjzpfEkdifwmyJ}
]rifYudkem;vnf&wm rvG,fbl;}
]igvnf; onfvykd /J igud, k f ig em;rvnfb;l }
]rifYudk,f rif;? auseyf&JUvm;}
]rauseyfbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]ig-aocsma&&modwm enf;vGe;f vd}Yk
]enf;vGe;f rSe;f udk igwkudY rodMubl;/ onfvo kd w d mvnf;
enf;ovm;uGm}
]at;aygY/ rqef;oltwGuf tqef;bl;aygY]

ÓPuxm 111
29/ OyZÑm,fq&mausmif;ü pmoifwudk jf yef OD;yÍÆi;f ESiYf

½SiÓ
f PawmaezdYk ajymaompum;
OyZÑm,fq&mausmif; jyefa&mufNy;D aemuf? pmoifwu dk rf S

cPjyefvmaom OD;yÍÆi;f uav; wpfyg;ESiYf ½SiÓ f P pum;ajymcJY
onf/
]rif;onfrmS b,favmufMumatmif aeOD;rSmvJ}
]ajz;ajz;ygyJ/ OD;Zif;awmY onf0g onfrmS yJ0gqdak wmYrmS
xifw,f}
]rqkH;jzwfEdkifatmifbJ]
]b,foGm;zdkY pdwful;vdkYvJ}
]oGm;zdkYpdwful;vnf; r½Sdygbl;/ aezdkYvnf;pdwful; r½Sdbl;
jzpfaew,f}
][if-}
]rtHYMoeJY}
]OD;Zif;u qEáwGrjynfh jzpfaew,feYJ wlw,f}
]at;uGm/ igYqEúkd ig-razsmufEikd b f ;l / 'gayrJY o½kyv f nf;
razmfEdkifbl; jzpfaew,f}
]OD;Zif;qEájymygOD;}
]igYqEú pmoifNy;D ? awmxGuzf yYkd /J pmvnf; qufroif
csib
f ;l / onfausmif;rSmvnf; tv[ó raecsib f ;l / awmvnf;
rxGuEf ikd bf ;l ? 'gYtjyif wjcm;vkycf siwf mvnf; r½Sb d ;l }
]onfrmS yJ uav;awGuu kd Nl y;D pmoifay;aevdu k af ygY]

112 ÓPuxm
]uav;vnf; aumif;aumif;r½SdawmYbJ? ½Sdwmvnf; bkef;

Bu;D oifray;bJ? olv Y ufaxmuf oifaeNyb D }J
]bke;f Bu;D pmudk olwYkd oifay;aygY}
]oifavmufov l nf; r½Sb d ;l }
]tck ysi;f aerSmaygY}
]ysi;f aew,fawmY r[kwb f ;l / 'gayrJY aysmaf ewmvnf; r
[kwfbl;}
]tck {umoeduf vkyaf ew,fq}kd
]at;}
]bm&nf½G,fcsufvJ}
]tcsuEf pS cf suyf /J wpfcuk tvkyef nf;atmifv?Ykd wpfcu k
cHEikd &f nf ½Sad tmifv}Ykd
]awmxGuEf ikd zf Ykd tm;pkwmvm;}
]twdtusawmY r[kwb f ;l ? ygawmY ygrSmyg}
]bmjzpfvYkd awmudk rxGuEf ikd w f mvJ}
]NcKaH jymvsiaf wmY rvkyzf ;l wmqdak wmY rvky0f w HY mvnf; jzpf
rSmygyJ}
]rvky0f w YH mawG tao;pdwaf jymvsif &rvm;}
]&awmY &-&rSmaygY/ 'gayrJY 'gawGukd ppfrMunfzh ;l bl;}
]tck tm;aewmyJ/ ppfMunfph rf;yg}
]at;}
]eHywfwpfu bmvJ}
]eHywfwpf&,f? ESp&f ,fawmY ½Srd mS r[kwb f ;l / ay:wmu

ÓPuxm 113
p-ajym&vdrrYf ,f/ b,fae&m ae&vdrrYf ,f rodb;l }

][kwfNyD}
]b,fvkd tpm;taomuf ½Sm&r,fvnf; rodb;l }
]qGrf;cH&rSmaygY}
]qGr;f cH&rSmudk aMumufovdçk ½Suo f vdyk ?J b,fvrkd eS ;f rod
bl;}
]rEÅav;rSm qGr;f cHpm;vmwmyJ}
]tJ'gvnf; wlr,fvYkd pdwx f rJ mS rxifb;l }
]bmxl;r,f xifwmvJ}
]rEÅav;uawmY bke;f Bu;D qGr;f cHwmawG[m ½d;k aewmyJ/ ½Gm
awGrmS r½So d avmuf r[kwv f m;? 'gtwGuv f nf; ½Suu f ;kd ½Suu f ef;
pdwfrSmjzpfw,f}
]wynfah wmfw½Ykd mG vnf; wpfcgwpfcg awmausmif;bke;f Bu;D
awG qGr;f cHaewmyJ}
]tJ'gvnf; igYpw d x
f J cHpm;&w,f}
]b,fvdkcHpm;&wmvJ}
]xl;xl;jcm;jcm;? ½Suu f ;kd ½Suuf ef;yJ}
][if-OD;Zif;uvJ}
]ol[Y moljzpfwm igvnf; rwwfEikd b f ;l }
]'g-xm;awmY/ aemuf bmawG½adS o;vJ}
]wpfa,mufwnf; txD;usef ae&rSmBu;D vnf; rawG;
wwfatmifyJ}
]b,fvkd rawG;wwfwmvJ}

114 ÓPuxm
]tqifu b,fvakd jyygYrvJ-aygY}

]tqifrajyp&mawG ajymygOD;}
]'gvnf; rodwmqdak wmY? odyrf ajymwwfb;l }
]enf;enf; pOf;pm;ajymaygY}
]wpfa,mufwnf; aewwfygYrvm;-awG}
][kwfNyD}
]rusef;rmvsif cufrvm;-awG}
][kwfwmaygY}
]vlrIqufqHa&;awG? ypönf;ypö,vdkvmvsif-awG? tpp
awGaygYumG / tJ'gawG pdwrf ul;wwfovdk jzpfwmawGaygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]aemufwpfcsufuvnf; ½Sdao;w,f}
]bmvJ}
]'gvnf; awmfawmfta&;Bu;D wJY tcsuyf ]J
]vkyfygOD;}
]wapä? o&J jyóemyJ}
]aMumufwwfovm;}
]ajcmufwmcH&vsifawmY aorSmyJ}
]½Sdw,fvdkY xifovm;}
]tJ'g aoaocsmcsm rpOf;pm;zl;bl;/ 'gayrJ-Y }
]vkyfygOD;}
]arSmifvmvsifjzpfjzpfaygY]
][kwfNyD}

ÓPuxm 115
]acsmufcsm;p&mjzpfaevsif jzpfjzpf}
][kwfwmaygY}
]ajcmufr,f xifwmyJ}
]b,fvakd jcmufr,f xifovJ}
]ykyH ef;qd;k qd;k [mBu;D awG jrif&rvm; atmufarYwmyJ}
]'gqdv k sif aMumufNyaD ygY}
]at;}
]onfawmY onfvdkvkyfbk&m;}
]ajymprf;ygOD;}
]wynfhawmfu OD;Zif;udk yg&rDjznfhr,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]OD;Zif;awmxGufEdkifzdkY tazmfrGefwpfa,muf vdkwmyJ/
'gqdv k sif tm;vk;H udk ausmEf ikd w f myJ}
]at;}
]wynfah wmf onf0grSm OD;Zif;eJt Y wl awmausmif;vdu
k Nf y;D
0gqdrk ,f/ OD;Zif;udk qGr;f cHauR;r,f}
]wu,fvm;uG}
]wu,fyg}
]'gqdk eufjzefupNy;D oDvjyifqifr,f/ OD;Zif; awmausmif;
oGm;r,f}

116 ÓPuxm
30/ pmoifom;oli,fcsi;f ESpaf ,mufEiS Yf ½SiÓ

f P yk*b
H &k m;
taMumif;ajymaom pum;
pmoifom;b0u oli,fcsi;f ESpaf ,mufet YJ wl ½SiÓ f P

yk*b H &k m;rsm;taMumif; ajymcJw Y ,f/
]yckuLú upkev f mawmY armfawmfay:uaeNy;D ykygÜ ;awmifeYJ
ykygÜ ;uke;f ajr jyifus,Bf u;D udk jrifae&wm ½Icif;opfy}J
][kww f ,f/ ud, k rf jrifb;l wJY uke;f ajrjrifyY }J
]wu,fawmY anmifO;D u a½Tpnf;ckaH pwDu onfuek ;f ajr
jrifY&JUtpGef;ay:rSm wnfwmyJ}
][kwfrvm;}
]xifwmyJ}
]a½Tpnf;ckHBuD;u vSw,faemf}
][kww f ,f? tawmf xnf0gw,f}
]olepYJ yfNy;D bmodv}J
]ordik ;f awmYrar;eJ/Y wpfv;Hk wpfyg'rS rzwfz;l bl;/ yg;pyf
ajym Mum;zl;wmawmY taemf&xmwnfwmvdyYk }J
]ordik ;f rodbJ yk*v H mawmY bmt"dygÜ ,fukd wd, Yk Ml urvJ}
]a½S;bd;k bGm;awGvuf&mawG b,fv½kd w dS ,f? tm;tpGr;f awG
od&wmaygY}
]at;- [kww f ,f}
]tJonfacwfu onfavmufjrifrY m; crf;em;wJY taqmuf
tODrsKd ; onftm½Swu kd rf mS ½Sad umif;rS ½Sv
d rd rYf ,f/ urÇmrSm yd&rpf

ÓPuxm 117
Bu;D awGavmufyJ ½Srd vm;- xifw,f}

]'g[m ArmawGtwdik ;f twm&JU trSwt f om;aygY}
]onfb&k m;apmif;wef;Bu;D u ½Snv f u kd w f m? w½kyw f w H ikd ;f
Bu;D uvGv J sif t&Snq f ;Hk vlvyk tf aqmuftOD jzpfrmS yJ}
][kwfrvm;}
]udk,fodwmxJu ajym&wmyJ/ rodwm½Sdao;vsifawmY
rodbl;}
]usepf pfrif;&JU tmeE´mqdw k YJ teEÅynmuaum}
]tJonf taqmufttku H vnf; tJonfacwfu tvSq;Hk
taqmufttkx H rJ mS a½SUwef;u ygr,fxifw,f/ tJonfacwfu
w½ky?f tdE, d́ eJY Oa&myeef;awmfawGawmY rodb;l }
]'gqdv k si?f tJonfacwfu igwdb Yk ;kd bGm;awG[m urÇmaY ½SU
wef;u vlawGxrJ mS ygaewmaygY}
]'gawGu oufaocHaewmyJ}
]"r®&BH u;D bk&m; tkwpf x D m;wmawGu rvGeb f ;l vm;}
]onfbufacwf oH&nfusKd zYkd rD;cHtw k pf wD mawmif tJonf
avmuf tkwEf pS cf syt f Mum;[m rapYb;l }
]tJonfacwfuqdk tJonftw k pf yD nm[m urÇmx Y yd w f ef;
jzpfaecsif jzpfaervm;}
]'gawG[m wdt Yk wdw&f UJ pGr;f &nfrw S w f ikd af wGy}J
]oAÁnk? a*gawmYyv’if? rEl[m? onfapwDawGuvnf;
arQmpf ifawGvykd J tzsm;em;txd wufv&Ykd w,f}
][kww f ,f/ tkwaf wGuykd NHk y;D wnfomG ;wm r[kwb f ;l / rEl

118 ÓPuxm
[mqdvk sif ½kyx f ok m;udk apwD&UJ xkxnf ,lxm;wJt Y xdy/J onf

awmY *E¨¨ uk#x D rJ mS ½kyx f ak wGu usyaf eovdk jzpfw,f/ 'gvnf;
tvif;&,lxm;Edkifwm awGUw,f}
]tJonfacwfu yef;&efynm[m urÇmaY ½SUwef;rSm ½Srd mS yJ}
]yef;yk? yef;cseD YJ vuform;ynmawGvnf; a½SUwef;rSm ½Srd mS yJ?
OygvdodrfxJu yef;csDawG? tmeE´mxJu Ak'¨½kyfxk yef;ykawG? tm
eE´mvdP
k &f UJ wHcg;awG/ 'gawGu xif½mS ;wJt Y &mawGy/J yk*b H &k m;
awG[m a½S;ab;bdk;awG&JU tpGrf;owåd? ajc&mvuf&mawGaygY}
][kww f ,f/ 'gawG[m odyrf sm;w,faemf}
]ody<f u,f0wm&JU oufaoaygY}
]wcsKd Uu tjypfwifMuw,f-vdYk ajymMuw,f}
]b,fvdkwJYvJ}
]onfb&k m;awGaMumifY onfa'ou &moDOwk ysuo f mG ;&
w,f-vdkY yJ}
]t-remyawGyg/ rEÅav;? &efuek Nf rKd UBu;D awGu wdu k af wGu
onfxufrsm;wmyJ/ tJ'gaMumifY bmOwkrsm; ysuo f vJ}
][kwfwmyJ}
]rvdw k meJY tjypfwifwm ½Supf &myJ}
]onfb&k m;? ykx;kd awGtay: b,fvo kd abmxm;ovJ}
]0rf;enf;ovd?k 0rf;omovd?k vGr;f qGwo f vdBk u;D awGy/J 'g
awGtm;vkH;jzpfwm}
]ajymygOD;}
]a½S;u bd;k ab;awG tjrwfwEd;k vkyx f m;Muwm/ tckawmY

ÓPuxm 119
ql;awm? csKHawmrSm Munfhp&mtjzpf tokH;awmfcHae&wmawG

twGuf olwu Ykd ,
kd pf m; rajzwwfatmify}J
]0rf;omwmuaum}
]'gawG[m wdv Yk al wG&UJ pGr;f yum;awGqw kd m awGU&vdaYk ygY}
]vGrf;qGwfwmuaum}
]udk,fYae&ma[mif;BuD; jyefawGU&NyD;? twdwfawGudk jyef
atmufarYaeovdk jzpfvdkYyJ}
]bmoma&;vdkYaum rcHpm;&bl;vm;}
]tJonfvdkawmY rcHpm;wwfbl;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]apwD? ykx;kd eJY ½kyx f ?k qif;wkawGuawmY tae&m&mrSm
vnf; awGUaeusjzpfaevdv Yk m; rodb;l ? pdwx
f cJ pH m;rI bmrS txl;
rxGufbl;}
]a½Tw*d ?Hk r[mjrwfrek d tppwd&Yk UJ emrnfBu;D bk&m;awGrmS
vnf; onfvdkyJvm;}
]wefz;kd trsm;Bu;D ½Sw d mawG pka0;aewmwd?Yk oyf&yfoef½Y iS ;f Ny;D
MunfE;l zG,jf zpfwmwd?Yk vlawGtrsm;Bu;D u ESrd cYf susKd ;EGeH YJ vIy½f mS ;ae
wmwd?Yk 'gawGyJ cHpm;&wmygyJ}
]bk&m;ouf½SdqD ra&mufbl;vm;}
]tif;}
]½Sdcdk;wmawG rvkyfbl;vm;}
]vkyfNyDvm;}
]b,fvdk½Sdcdk;vJ}

120 ÓPuxm
]ud, k f ausmif;rSmvkyo f vdak ygY}

]ausmif;rSm b,fvv kd yk o f vJ}
]bk&m;a½SUrSmxdik Nf y;D ? i,fi,fwnf;u oifMum;&½Sx d m;wJY
½Scd ;kd pmawG ½Gww f maygY}
]bk&m;½Scd ;kd pmawG ½Gww f t YJ cg? bk&m;ouf½q dS D ra&mufb;l
vm;}
]b,fuvm-a&mufrvJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]tJ'gawmY rodb;l }
]*kPaf wmfawG ½Gww f t YJ cg pdwu f bmud&k nfreS ;f ½Gwo f vJ}
]tJonfpmawGrmS wnfaezdaYk vmuf aerSmyg/ 'grSr[kw-f
ud, k t Yf oHtwd;k tus,f tedrt Yf jrifY rSeaf ezdaYk ygY}
]pmawGtrsm;Bu;D oifNy;D aerS onfvykd J jzpfovm;}
]tJonf*P k af wGukd odEikd af vmufatmif ud, k rYf mS bmtod
ÓPfrS ½Sw d mrS r[kww f m}
]onfvdkqdkawmY bk&m;udkrodbl;vm;}
]rodb;l awmY r[kwb f ;l }
]onfvq kd v kd sif b,fvv dk }J
]pdwx f J ykaH y:vmatmif ykrH azmfwwfwYJ t&myJ}
]ykaH zmfr&bJ b,fvo kd o d vJ}
]tvGeaf umif;rGew f ?YJ eufew J tYJ &mawGukd azmfxw k cf wYJ ,f?
vlawGudk jzefYa0 a[majymcJYw,f- qdkwmrsdK; odwmyJ}
]tvGefeufeJaumif;rGefwmawGu bmawGvJ}

ÓPuxm 121
]tJ'g b,ford vJ-}

]rodbJeJY b,fvdkeufeJaumif;rGefrvJ}
]pdwfxJu ,kHMunfxm;wmaygY}
]'gyJvm;-}
]onfhxuf b,fvdkydkEdkifrSmvJ}
]onfvq kd vkd siaf wmY bk&m;jrif&wmuvnf; rIe0f g;0g;Bu;D }
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]bm&,fvrYkd odwmBu;D azmfxw k jf zefaY 0aeolqakd wmY b,f
vdv
k yk Nf y;D olyY u
Hk kd yDjyifMunfvifatmif jrifEikd yf gYrvJaygY}
]pdeaf &mifjcnfb&k m;yifaY wG bmawG r&bl;vm;}
]&awmY r&bl;? 'gayrJY odw,f}
]tJ'gqdk bk&m;ykH jrifrvmbl;vm;}
]bk&m;udv k nf; tJonfyv Hk Ykd rxifb;l }
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]tJonfb&k m;u ykjH yifawGxu J ½kyyf BHk u;D awGvkd jzpfaew,f
xifw,f/ tJonfvkd [kwrf ,f rxifb;l }
]tJ'gqdk raumif;bl;vm;? onfvrkd xifcsiv f sif bk&m;udk
b,fvdkxifvdkYvJ}
]tav;eufq;Hk vlBu;D vlaumif;wpfa,mufyv Hk kd jrifcsif
w,f}
]tJonfvykd J xifw,f/ ykjH yifxu J ykBH u;D vdxYk if&vsif b,f
aumif;rvJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}

122 ÓPuxm
]bk&m;u ykjH yifxu J r[kwb f ;l / vlaY vmu&JU acgif;aqmif

tjzpf wu,fwnf½SdcJYwJYolyJ}
]tJonfykH azmfMunfhaygY}
]razmfwwfbl;}
]tckyaHk wG[m tJonfyaHk wG r[kwb f ;l vm;}
][kwfçr[kwf rodbl;}
]rodvsif [kwv f ukd af ygY}
]ud, k xf ifwyYJ rHk S ud, k rf odwmqdak wmY ud, k rf odwyYJ eHk YJ tck
awGUae&wJYykHawG[m twlyJ[kwfw,fvdkY b,fvdkvkyfwwfrvJ}
]bk&m;½Scd ;kd pmawG ½Gwzf wf½cdS ;kd wJt Y cg tav;eufq;Hk vlBu;D
vlaumif;wpfa,muf&JUykHrsdK; jrifovm;}
]rjrifygbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]tJonf bk&m;½Scd ;kd pmawGu av;eufveG ;f aew,f/tJonf
awmY bmrSrodatmif jzpfaew,f/ onfawmY ½Gw½f Hk ½Gw&f wmyJ/
tJonf½w G w f pYJ mu bmykrH S ay:rvmygbl;}
]*kPfawmftzGifYaumif;aumif; ravYvm&vdkYvm;}
]avYvmzl;w,f xifw,f}
]avYvmzl;wm enf;enf;vkyfygOD;}
]t&[H}-qdyk gawmY/ ]t&[? t&-[? t-&[}-vdYk ok;H yk'f
vkyfNyD; ]ylaZmfcHxdkufol? udavoma0;olçoHo&mpuftuefYudk
csKd ;zsuo
f }l - onfo[ l m bk&m;yJvYkd ajymwmaygY}
]'gqdk bmvdak o;vJ}
]ylaZmftxl;awGukd b,fvckd x H u kd of vJ? udavomudk b,f
ÓPuxm 123
vdak 0;wmvJ? oHo&mpuftuefu Y b,favmuft"dygÜ ,f½w dS mvJ?

'gawGodwmrSwfvdkY}
][m-cufvSacsvm;}
]at;- tJonfpmawGu odyjf rifw Y ,f/ wdv
Yk vkd al wGeYJ rwef
bl;/ rwefr&mawGukd wdu Yk ½Gwq f akd erdMuwmyJ}
]uav;vufxJ tbd;k wefypön;f xnfah y;ovdv k Ykd qdv
k kd
ovm;}
][kww f ,f/ tusKd ;xuf tjypfursm;zdYk ½Sw d ,fy}J
]tusKd ;rrsm;½krH [kwb f J tjypfawmif jzpf&OD;rSmvm;}
]pm;p&m[m raumif;csiaf e/ auszaYkd wmY vdw k ,f/ odyf
aumif;ayrJY rausvsif tusKd ;rrsm;½kw H if rubl;/ a&m*gb,jzpf
r,f r[kwv f m;}
]onfpmawG[m bmtjypfjzpfr,f xifovJ}
]pdwåZaygY}
][m-}
]bk&m;rd-Yk vlukd pdwZå ray;Edik b f ;l ratmufarYe}YJ
]r[kwfu-[kwfu rvkyfygeJY}
]ukoavm"ar®m tukovó"r®ó Oyedó, ypöa,e
ypöa,m}-vdYk r½Sb d ;l vm;}
]pdwZå u b,fvjkd zpfrmS vJ}
]zefqif;½Sifbk&m; udk;uG,folawGu zefqif;½Sifbk&m;udk
pdwx f rJ mS xifovdrk sKd ; jzpfomG ;wmaygY}
]tJ'gu wu,f½SdwmrSwfvdkYyJ}

124 ÓPuxm
]wu,f½o dS jl zpfjzpf? r½So d jl zpfjzpf-xifwt YJ wdik ;f r[kwvf sif

twlygyJ}
]pdwåZjzpfawmY b,fvdk tusdK;ysufovJ}
]Ak'b ¨ mom r[kww f maygY}
]onfavmufyJvm;}
]odyBf u;D us,o f mG ;vdrrYf ,f/ onftaMumif; onfavmufyJ
ajymMu&atmif}
]at;-yg/onfy*k b H &k m;awGtay: bmoma&;tjrifeYJ b,f
vdjk rifw,fqw kd m ajymcJw Y pYJ um;awGt& ay:vGiyf gw,f}
][kwyf gw,f/ bmoma&;tjrifeaYJ wmY bmrS odyrf jrifwwf
ygbl;/ 'gayrJ-Y }
]bmvJ-}
]rSm;rSm;rSefrSef 'gawGvkyfcJYMuolawGpdwf[m tawmfBuD;
tav;xm;cJYw,fqdkwmawmY xif½Sm;w,f}
]tJonfacwfu onfavmufvyk cf w YJ m[m ay:vGiw f myJ}
]tJonfoal wG tJonfvkd av;eufoavmuf? onfuaeY
awmY yd;k vd;k yufvuf jzpfaew,f/ ql;csKaH wG ,mcif;awGtMum;rSm
ylaZmfoal wGr½Sb d /J 'gawGjrif&wm &ifxrJ mS cHpm;&w,f/wnfaqmuf
olawGjrifvsif &ifusKd ;rwwf aerSmyJ}
][kww f ,f/ olwYkd a&;xd;k xm;wJY ausmufpmawGrmS used pf m
awGxnfw h t YJ xd ½Sw d ,f/ tzsurf cH&atmifaygY}
]onfavmuf b,furvJ?bk&m;uRev f LS wmawGvnf; yg
w,f}
]tJ'g rvGeb f ;l vm;}
ÓPuxm 125
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]aumif;rIuo k v kd f vkyw f tYJ cg aumif;aewJv Y u l kd raumif;
wJu Y Retf jzpf a&mufomG ;atmif vSLwmudv k yk vf aYkd ygY}
]onfvdk r[kwfbl;}
]vkyfprf;ygOD;}
]tJonfacwfu vlawGtm;vk;H u uReaf wGjzpfw,f}
]b,fou Yl Rev f ?J b,fou l owfrw S wf mvJ}
]bk&ifu Y Reyf /J bk&ifu owfrw S w f m}
]bkef;BuD;awGa&mvm;}
]olawmfpifawGawmY rygbl;/ bk&m;uReaf wG[m olawmf
pifpm&if;xJ 0ifomG ;w,f/ 'gYaMumifY bk&ifu Y Repf m&if;xJrmS olwYkd
rygawmYbl;}
]bk&m;uRejf zpfwm? bk&ifu Y Ret f jzpfu vGww f maygY}
][kwfw,f}
]'gqdk olwu Ykd vlawGxuf jrwfwmaygY}
]olwdkYuvnf; onfvdkyJcH,lw,f}
]onfaeYawmY b,fvdkjzpfoGm;wmvJ}
]olwu Ykd olwt Ykd rsKd ;udk pGo
J mG ;Ny/D 'gaMumifY olwu Ykd jrwfw,f
vdYk onfuaeYtxd ,lMuw,f/ olwt Ykd rsKd ;xJu wjcm;trsKd ;a&muf
rSmpd;k w,f/wjcm;trsKd ;xJuvluykd J olwx Ykd aJ &mufatmif oGi;f w,f}
]vlawGu olwu Ykd kd tjrwfrxifawmYbJ t,kwx f ifaeNyyD }J
]olwdkY&JU bk&m;a0,sm0pö tvkyfudk olwdkYuvnf; pwd
avmufyJ vkyfMuawmYwmu wpfaMumif;/ olwdkY rvGwfvyfol?

126 ÓPuxm
vlawGu vGwv f yfov l kd jzpfvmwmu wpfaMumif;/ 'gawGaMumifY

vlawGu olwu Ykd kd vl,w k af wGvYkd xifomG ;MuwmaygY}
]b,fvdkvJ? ½Sif;prf;ygOD;}
]vlawGu 'Dru kd a&pDpepf jzpfvmNyq D akd wmY vGwv
f yfvmNyD
r[kwfvm;? uRefr[kwfawmYbl;}
]at;}
]olwu Ykd bk&m;uReyf J jzpfaeao;w,fqakd wmY edru Yf swm
aygY}
]olwu Ykd awmif;pm;vdYk edrw Yf mr[kwv f m;}
]r[kwb f ;l / olwaYkd wmif;wmu vlawGqu D bk&m;udpv ö yk f
aeoljzpfvYkd &oif&Y xdu k w f m vmawmif;wm/ vlawGrmS ay;zdw Yk m0ef
a<u; ½Swd ,f}
][kwfw,f}
]olawmif;oruav;awG acgif;aygif;wmMunf/h ESrd cYf srI
tjynfeh YJ bmudrk S rMunfb h ;l }
]vlawGu wu,fjrwfwmudk olwdkY rodMuao;bl; xif
w,f}
]'godzYkd ½Sn½f n S af 0;a0; awG;&rSm/ olwYkd rawG;rdavmufb;l }
]onf yk*aH usmufpmawGvnf; onfavmuf xm;Mupd}Yk
]yk*t
H aMumif;ajym&wm acwfxcJ sn;f a&muf-a&mufvm
w,f}
]ordik ;f u ordik ;f vdyk J tok;H usvsif bmvkyrf mS vJ/ ordik ;f u
acwfukd tok;H 0if&rSm}

ÓPuxm 127
tcef;(3)
awmausmif;aepOfu ½SifÓPajympum;rsm;

128 ÓPuxm
tcef;(3)

ÓPuxm 129
awmausmif;aepOfu ½SifÓPajympum;rsm;
31/ awmausmif; tv,fvmaom oli,fcsi;f OD;yOÆi;f rsm;eJY

½SifÓPajymaompum;
arG;½GmeJY wpfrikd cf aJG vmufa0;wJY awmausmif;t&yfü ae&

pOf ausmif;tv,fvmaom oli,fcsif;OD;yOÆif;rsm;eJY ½SifÓP
pum;rsm;/
]wynfah wmfausmif;udk awGUzdYk BuKd ;pm;vm&ao;vm;}
]enf;enf; ½Sm&ygw,f/ rif;[mu ajrmifBuKd ajrmifMum;Bu;D /
opfyifr½Sd bmr&Sed }YJ
]onfae&mrS vGwv f yfrmS aygY}
]rif;qDvmr,fvYkd pdwu f ;l aewm? onfaeYryS J ajrmufv}Ykd
]wynfhawmf onfrSmaewm b,fvdkodvJ}
]rif;r,fawmfaoNy;D rif;onfem;rSmaer,fqw kd m wdo
Yk w
d m
yJ}
]aMomf-}
]tqifajy&JUvm;? onfausmif; b,folaqmufay;vJ}
]ajyygw,f/ oli,fcsi;f awG aqmufMuwm}
]ausmif;emrnf bmwJv Y }J
]t½Gufra<uawmausmif;}
]rif;[m wapmif;Bu;D yifawGtMum;aeNy;D onfemrnf jzpf
rvm;}

130 ÓPuxm
]ra<uvdYk ra<uwJaY wmausmif; rSnw hf myJ}

]rif;uawmYvyk Nf y/D onfem;rSm emembm0awG r½Sb d ;l vm;}
]rawGUygbl;}
]vlqdk;? vlavawGaum}
]rawGUygbl;}
]rif;raMumufbl;vm;}
]ud,k uf olw&Ykd efovl nf; r[kw?f rufp&mvJrS r[kww f m?
bmaMumuf&rSmvJ}
]wapäo&Jaum}
]'gvnf; raMumufawmYb;l -vdYk ajym&rSmyJ}
]tvsifu aMumufovm;}
]aMumufNyDvm;}
]tck w&m;&oGm;vdYk raMumufawmYwmvm;}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]b,fvdkaMumifYvJ}
]tawGUtBuKt H &vdYk ajym&rSmyJ}
]r½Sdbl; xifvm;}
]&J&J rxif&aJ o;bl;? ½Sv
d nf; ud, k &hf eforl [kwv
f Ykd &efrcl &H
r,f rxifawmYbJ awGUcsiaf ew,f}
]b,fvkd tawGUtBuKv H }J
]½Sirf awmif taemufbufu awmifuav;wpfawmif
ay: aewkef;u wpfcgeJY? awmifOD;ZmvDawmif awmausmif;rSmae
wke;f u wpfcg? tajcmufc&H ovdk jzpfw,f}

ÓPuxm 131
]tJ'g- enf;enf; ajymprf;ygOD;}

]½Sirf awmifawmausmif;u tpqk;H aewJY awmausmif;yJ}
]at;}
]0gOD;rSm tJonfausmif; a&mufomG ;w,f/ awmifay:rSm
xef;½Guw f aJ usmif;uav;ESpv f ;Hk ½Sad yr,fh aeYrmS yJ wpfausmif;pD
aew,f/ nrSm twlygvmwJY tazmfO;D Zif;eJY wpfausmif;wnf;
tdy&f w,f? aMumufvyYkd }J
]tif;}
]oDwif;uRwf y0g&PmjyKNy;D aemuf&ufrmS yJ tazmfujyef
w,f}
]tJonfawmY tdyf&Jvm;}
]&Jw,fawmY r[kwb f ;l / 'gayrJ-Y }
]b,fvkd 'gayrJv Y }J
]awmausmif;ae&wm aysmo f mG ;Ny/D r&JvjYkd zpfvsif aemufae
0HYawmYrSm r[kwfbl;/ onfawmY r&JayrJY aeMunfhr,f/ r&rSyJ
jyefr,f-qdNk y;D wpfa,mufwnf;yJ aecJw Y ,f}
]aMumufvsif a&m*g&Edik w f ,faem}
]jyefomG ;oluvnf; pdwrf csb;l / jyefvu kd cf zYJ Ykd onfvykd aJ jym
w,f/ BuKd ;pm;MunfOh ;D r,fqNkd y;D aecJw Y myJ/ aeYrmS awmY wpfa,muf
wnf;vnf; csr;f omygw,f/ ae0ifcgeD;awmY aeudyk J qGx J m;csio f
vdk cHpm;vm&w,f}
][kwfrSmyJ}
]aevkH;uG,fw,f qdkvsifyJ wJausmif;uav;ay: wufae

132 ÓPuxm
vduk wf ,f/ wJausmif;uav;u wpfawmifx Y mG avmufyJ jrifw Y ,f}

]vkv H NHk cKNH cKH ½Sv
d m;}
]taygufyw d u f xef;vufEpS cf syf 0g;jcrf;eJn
Y y§ Nf y;D ? axmif
xm;wmyJ/ Murf;u jcaoFv Y ufcwfom;acsmif;uav;awG cif;xm;
wmyJ}
]tdyfa&mvm;}
]rtdyfbl;}
]w&m;rSwfaea&mYvm;}
]rrSwb f ;l / onftwdik ;f xdik af ewmyJ/ nOfu h ;kd em&Davmuf
½Sv
d mrS tdyrf ,f? atmufqif; usiif ,fpeG rYf ,f-vdYk pdwjf zpfw,f}
]tif;- [kww f maygY}
]atmufqif;zdYk pdwu f ;l awmY? atmufrqif;csif jzpfaew,f}
]bmawG;rdvdkYvJ}
]atmufrmS aMumufp&meJY &ifqikd &f rvm;-vdYk pd;k &drv f yYkd }J
]at;uG}
]rqif;vdkYawmY rjzpfbl;/ qif;udk qif;&rSmyJ-vdkY pdwfudk
wtm;wdkufwGef;NyD; qif;vkdufw,f]
]bmawGUvJ}
]atmufa&mufawmY vuav;uvnf; wdryf g;yg;tkyx f m;
vdYk rIe&f &D jD zpfaew,f/ ausmif;0if;uvnf; ebJyif? '[wfyifu
av; tenf;tyg;½Sad ewm? ½Si;f vif;vd/Yk bmrS aMumufp&mrawGU
bl;/ aumif;vdu k w f mqdNk y;D vrf;awmif avQmufaeao;w,f}
]aumif;om;yJ}

ÓPuxm 133
]odyfawmYraumif;bl;}
]b,fvdkjzpfvdkYvJ}
]vrf;vQmufNy;D vdYk ausmif;uav;ay: jyefwufr,f pdwf
ul;awmY? ausmif;ay: jyefrwuf0HYbl; jzpfaew,f}
]b,fvdkvkyfrvJ}
]onfwpfacguf vrf;avQmufNy;D vsif wufr,fqNkd y;D ? rwuf
0HjY yefb;l / xyfavQmufw,f/ 'gNy;D vsif wufr,feYJ aygY/ tacgufawG
rsm;vmw,f/ wufuw kd ufrvS Ykd t&JpeG NYf y;D ? wuf&w,f]
]ausmif;ay:rSm bmjzpfr,f xifvv Ykd }J
]rJrJat;at; t&mBuD;wpfck awGU&vdrfYr,f xifvdkYyJ]
]wufawmY bmawGUovJ}
]bmrS rawGUygbl;/ tvum; aMumufaewm-vdYk pdwaf ygY
yg;oGm;w,f/ vSt J yd v
f u kd w
f ,f}
]aysmf&JUvm;}
]aysmwf ,f/ wpfa&;Ed;k awmY vif;apcsiv f u
kd w
f m-vdYk awmifY
wpdwaf wG jzpfw,f/ a&mifeyD sKd UvmawmY ody0f rf;omw,f/ aeYrmS
ae&wm aMumifMY urJyY }J
]aemufnrSmawmY tpnuvdkyJvm;}
]enf;enf;oufomoGm;NyD}
]aumif;om;yJ}
]wpfywfausmaf vmufrmS jyóemu jzpfvmNy}D
]b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ}
]n ½Spef m&DavmufrmS }

134 ÓPuxm
]tif;}
]ausmif;xJrmS xdik af ewke;f ausmif;a½SU '[wfyifajc aomuf
a&td;k u tzk;H eJY td;k ½GUJ vdYk [aewm tcsi;f csi;f wdu k cf wfou H w
awmufawmuf jrnfaew,f/ toHMum;awmY bmvJ-qdw k mawG
pdwu f jzpfaew,f cPaeawmY &yfomG ;w,f/ awmfao;wmyJ-
vdYk pdwjf zpfw,f/ cPaeawmY xyfjrnfw,f/ bmvJçbmvJ-qdw k YJ
ar;cGe;f awGyJ ar;aerdw,f/ cPMumawmY &yfomG ;w,f/ awmfao;
wmaygY-vdYk pdwjf zpfw,f/ onfvkd ok;H cgavmufjzpfawmY aMumufvYkd
vm;rodb;l ? pdwt f m; xGuv f mw,f}
]b,fvdkxGufvJ}
]xGuu f Mkd unfrh ,f? jzpfcsiw f mjzpf-vdyYk }J
]at;-bmawGUvJ}
]xdik af ewJaY ½SUrSm vufepYJ rf;vsiaf wGUr,fh rD;jcpfukd ,lvu kd f
w,f/ rD;jcpf jcpfNy;D ? toifx Y m;wJY za,mif;wdik u f kd xGe;f vdu k w f ,f/
Ny;D awmY xef;½Guu f mxm;wJY wHcg;udk z,f½mS ;zGiv Yf u kd wf ,f}
]'[wfyifeYJ ausmif;u b,favmufa0;ovJ}
]ausmif;wHpufNrdwfudk '[wfyiftudkif;awG xdaewmyJ}
]zGiw Yf ,fqkd jrif&rSmaygY}
][kww f ,f/ jrifuiG ;f rSm bmrSx;l jcm;wm r½Sb d ;l / td;k em;
oGm;Ny;D ? td;k tzk;H ½GUJ aevdYk [aewJb Y ufukd vufeEYJ ydS Mf unfw h ,f/
ckeujrnfwYJ toH[m onftoH[w k w
f ,f-vdYk twnfjyKvu kd f
w,f}
]td;k eJY td;k zk;H u bmawGrv Ykd }J

ÓPuxm 135
]td;k u rsuEf mS 0tus,af wGy/J td;k zk;H u tJonfavmufBu;D

wJY ajryef;uefjym;Bu;D awGy/J td;k EIwcf rf;uvm;? ajryef;uefjym;
uvm;? ½GJUaeawmY rapUbJ -[aew,f/ 'gudk zdMunfhawmY toH
xGufw,f}
]tif;}
][aewJaY e&mudk ausmufcw J pfv;Hk ckay;vdu k wf ,f/ yg;pyf
uvnf; aemufrjrnf&-vdkY trdefYxkwfvdkufw,f}
]b,folUudk xkwfwmvJ}
]jrnfwmudyk aJ ygY/ tJonfae&mu xvdu k af wmY rsuaf pYxJ
rSm ,keu f av;wpfaumif xGuaf jy;oGm;wm jrifvu kd wf ,fvYkd xif
oGm;w,f}
]wu,fvm;}
]tJ'g pdwxf J 0d;k w0g;jzpfw,f/ 'geJY jyefxikd ?f xMunhw f ,f/
x½Sed ef YJ za,mif;wdik rf ;D u atmuf0yfomG ;Ny;D t&dyaf y:wmudk xif
ovm;yJ atmufarYw,f}
]bmqufvkyfvJ}
]wapä [kwcf si[ f w
k rf ,f/ r[kwbf J aecsiaf er,f/ [kwf
vnf; oluajy;oly/J igu aMumufzUkd r[kwb f ;l -vdYk pdwjf zpfNy;D pdwcf s
vufcs jyeftyd v f ukd w
f ,f}
]aemuf&ufawGaum}
]bmrSvnf; rjzpfawmYb;l / aMumufpw d vf nf; txl;rjzpf
awmYbl;}
]ZmvDawmifqw kd m ajymygOD;}

136 ÓPuxm
]tJonfrSm pa&mufcsdefu aqmif;wGif;rSmyJ/ tJonfrSm

ausmif;cH&[ef;wpfyg; ½Sw d ,f/ a&mufp &[ef;wpfyg;vnf; ½Sw d ,f/
ausmif;i,fuav;awGeYJ oD;jcm;pD aeMuw,f}
]tac:tajym ½S&d UJ vm;}
]½Syd gw,f/ 'gayrJY tJonf&ufu wif;awmufvq Ykd w kd YJ opf
OawGwl;vmoleJYawGUvdkY ar;&if;u? 'gawGaygvsif opfOjyKwfudk
wpfywfavmufpm;aecsifw,f ajymMunfhw,f}
]wumu wm0ef,lovm;}
][kwfw,f/ onfvdk pm;aecsdefrSm 0pDydwfaeMuzdkU uwdu
0wf xm;aeMuw,f}
]'gqdk pum;rajymMubl;aygY}
][kwfw,f/ tJonf&ufrSm aqmif;apGrdk; ½Gmvmw,f/
awmifu oJausmufawmif/ awmifauGUxJqakd wmY avuvnf;
wdkufeJY wtm;csrf;w,f/ vSJaevdkY r&bl;/ xdkifNyD; ouFef;BuD;eJY
axG;ywfae&w,f}
]anmif;rSmaygY}
]ok;H &ufavmuf½adS wmY odyaf nmif;vmNy;D ? cyfvrS ;f vSr;f u
vQKd ab;rSm½Sw d YJ ausmuf*wl pfcu
k kd oGm;awGUw,f}
]tat;cdkzdkYvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]*lu obm0*lvm;}
]vlxGif;*lyJ}
]oefY½Sif;&JUvm;}

ÓPuxm 137
]oef½Y iS ;f w,f/ wHcg;ydwu f awmY oGwjf ym;Bu;D yJ}

]tJonfxJ a½TUaevdkufa&mvm;}
]oefY½Sif;atmif vSJusif;? a&uav;bmuav; xnfhNyD;?
aevdkufw,f}
]aEG;&JUvm;}
]odyaf EG;w,f/ 'gayrJY nbuf ½Spef m&DavmufusawmY jy
óemjzpfw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]ydwx f m;wJY oGwjf ym;wHcg;Bu;D udk ]'ke;f ç'ke;f 'ke;f ç'ke;f }-qdNk y;D
vlxkwJYtoH jzpfvmw,f}
]aMumufoGm;ovm;}
][kww f ,f/ 'gayrJY toHu&yfomG ;awmY bmrSrjzpfygbl;-
vdYk ajzaevdu k w f ,f/ pdwaf jyoGm;awmY bmujrnfwmvJ-vdYk avY
vmcsipf w d f aygufvmw,f/ za,mif;wdik u f av; rD;xGe;f Ny;D wHcg;
twGi;f bufu awmufww YJ ?Ykd a>rwd?Yk zGww
f Ykd tpte ½SmMunfw h ,f}
}awGUvm;}
]rawGUbl;/ tjyifbufu Munfch sipf w d f jzpfw,f/ wHcg;udk
vnf; rzGicYf sib f ;l }
]r½Smbl;vm;}
]zGi½Yf mS w,f/ bmrS r½Sb d ;l / ausmufe&H q H akd wmY ½Si;f aewm
aMumifY ½Sv d sif tvG,af wGUEdik w f myJ}
]tjyifbufzGifYawmY raMumufbl;vm;}

138 ÓPuxm
]zGiaYf wmY? bmrSrawGUwmaMumifY raMumufawmYb;l / t

jyifuakd wmif enf;enf;avQmufNy;D rd;k rIeaf wGMum;u varS;arS; t
a&mifeYJ awmifajrmufç0J,m Munfw h ,f/ bmrS rawGUbl;}
]onfvq kd akd wmY taMumufajyp&maygY}
][kww f ,f/ wapäajcmufwmqdv k nf; igxGuv f mwm ol
bmrSrvkyEf ikd f aewmyJ? bmaMumufp&mvdv k -J vdYk pdwjf zpfNy;D *lxJ
jyeftdyfwmyJ}
]aemuf bmrS rjzpfawmYb;l vm;}
]aemufn onftcsed rf mS vnf; tvsin f uvdyk J xyfjzpf
w,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]raMumufawmYb;l / tawG;wpfcu k vif;ueJ 0ifvmw,f/
vif;Edw Yk ;kd wm jzpf&r,f-qdw k myJ/ *lx½J iS ;f csed u f vif;EdaYk cs; enf;enf;
awGUwm ay:vmw,f}
]tJonf*rl mS b,favmufMum aeovJ}
]rd;k av jywfpo J mG ;wJt
Y xdaygY}
]aMumufp&mawGu ra&&mwm odvmwmaygY}
][kww f ,f/ aMumufp&m[m &ifqikd Mf unhaf wmY raocsm
bl;/ onfawmYvnf; aMumufp&meJpY yfNy;D ,Ofyg;vmovdk jzpfy&Hk
w,f/ taMumufenf;vmw,f}
]wu,fwapäuakd wGUvsif b,fvv kd }J -awG;Munf0h v YH mw,f?
awGUp&m½Sv d sif awGUcsiw f ,f-vdyYk }J
]awGUvdYk &efrv l sif b,fvv kd yk rf vJ}

ÓPuxm 139
]&efvyk pf &m bmtaMumif;rS r½Sb d ;l -vdv

Yk nf; awG;rdw,f/
vkyv
f sivf nf; ajz½Si;f Edik rf ,f-vdYk xifwmyJ/ onfawmY ]aMumufzYkd
vm;}-vd?Yk awGUcsiwf mawmif jzpfvmw,f ajym&r,f}
]at;-tqef;yJ}
]obm0[m onfvykd v J m; rodb;l }

140 ÓPuxm
32/ t½Gurf a<uawmausmif; a*gp&*grfxrJ S rdwaf qGbek ;f Bu;D

rsm;ESiYf w&m;taMumif; ½SiÓ
f Pajymaompum;
t½Gurf a<uawmausmif;rSm a*gp&*grfxu J rdwaf qGbek ;f

Bu;D rsm;eJY ½SiÓf P pum;ajymcJw Y ,f}
]t½Sib f &k m;wdq Yk D wynfah wmf vmrvdyYk }J
]Mum;vdYk vmMuwm}
]b,fvkd Mum;vdv Yk }J
]rifUaemifawmfBu;D 'Gyd #d u"& u olq Y rD mS 0gqdzk Ykd ac:oGm;
wmaygY}
][kww f ,f/ tJ'gajymzdYk vmrvdyYk }J
]b,fawmY oGm;rSmvJ}
]ajz;ajz;rSyg}
]olu bmudpö ac:wmvJ}
]ol rEÅav;rSmae&rSmrdv Yk Ykd ajymwmyJ/ 'gu ta&;rBu;D yg
bl;}
]bmu ta&;BuD;wmvJ}
]wynfhawmfuvnf; w&m;tm;xkwfaeMuwJY todkif;t
0dik ;f awGeYJ awGUcsiv f Ykd oGm;zdyYk g}
]tJonfawGrSm tm;xkwfrvdkYvm;}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]bmudpö oGm;rSmvJ}
]wdwk akd jymvsiaf wmY olw&Ykd aewJw Y &m;eJY wynfah wmf&ae

ÓPuxm 141
w,f xif&wJw Y &m; wlrvm;çxl;rvm;? odcsiv f yYkd }J

]rif;u w&m;&aevdv Yk m;}
]&aew,f xifvyYkd }J
]b,fvdkajymvdkufwmvJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]&vsif &w,faygY/ xifw,fqw kd mvnf; b,fvv kd }J
]&w,f}-ajym&atmifuvnf; bmrStm;xkww f m r[kwf
awmY? ajym&cufw,f/ ]r&bl;}- ajym&atmifuvnf; tvsiv f kd
r[kwfawmYbJ jzpfaewmawGu ½Sdaew,f/ onfawmY xifw,fyJ
ajym&wm}
]b,fvkd tvsiv f rkd [kww f mawG jzpfaevdv Yk }J
]avmutay:jrifyeHk UJ wkUH jyefyaHk wG ajymif;oGm;wmyJ}
]ajymif;ykH vkypf rf;ygOD;}
]avmuBuD;[m bmrS t"dyÜg,fr½Sdovdk jrifvmw,f/
onfawmY aMumufwmçrufwmeJ?Y ysi;f çrke;f wmawGvnf; bmrSrjzpf
ay:bl;/ jrufzkwf&dyfrSmyJ ae&çae&? oJjyifay:rSmyJ ae&çae&?
aumif;aew,f/ pm;csiçf tdycf sipf w d af wGvnf; r½So
d vdk jzpfaew,f}
]bmw&m;awGvkyfvdkU jzpfwmvJ}
]bmrS rvkyb f ;l yJ}
]awmxJaepu bmawGvkyfvdkUvJ}
]awmxJa&mufpuawmY tpkHyJ}
]b,fvt kd pkv
H ?J vkyyf gOD;}
]awmxGuw f m w&m;tm;xkwrf vdYk r[kwb f ;l }

142 ÓPuxm
]bmvkyfzdkYvJ}
]0dobm*tm½kaH wGeYJ a0;Ny;D ? at;at;aeEdik af tmifvyYkd }J
]a0;vsif at;r,f}-qdw k mrsKd ;aygY}
][kww f ,f/ at;vsif bke;f Bu;D b0NrrJ ,faygY/ onfb0rSm
bke;f Bu;D tjzpf NrcJ siw f ,f/ onfvrkd aevsif NrzJ Ukd rvG,b f ;l -vdvYk nf;
xifw,f}
]a0;awmY at;a&mvm;}
]a0;awmY ydrk at;ovdk jzpfvmw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]pdwu f tJonfae&mrsKd ;eJU pdr;f aew,f/ NrKd Uç ½GmawGrmS yJ
pdwu f jyefomG ;aew,f}
][if-}
]ud,k u f awmxJrmS ? pdwu f NrKd Uç½GmoGm;qdv k sif pdwef u YJ , kd ef YJ
uGJNyDaygY}
]onfawmY bmjzpfovJ}
]rat;bl;-qdw k m pdwef u YJ , kd f uGw J m&JU emrnfy}J
]aMomf-}
]onfawmY 'gudak zsmuf&r,f/ pdwu f kd ud,k ½f &dS mac:xm;/
r&vsif ud, k u f kd pdwof mG ;&m xnfv h u kd /f onfEpS cf k wpfcck k vky&f
]r,f}
]tif;}
]pdwo f mG ;&m ud, k vf u
kd w
f m vG,w f ,f/ ud, k ½f &dS m pdwaf c:zdUk
u cufw,f}

ÓPuxm 143
][kwfw,f}
]vG,w f mu tcsed rf a½G; vkyv f &Ykd w,f/ cufwmu tckvkd
tcGio Yf ifw Y ek ;f yJ vkyEf ikd w f ,f}
]tif;}
]onfawmY pdwu f kd ud,k ½f &dS m,lxm;wJv Y yk if ef; vky&f r,f-
vdYk qk;H jzwfNy;D vkyif ef;tpkH vkyw f myJ}
]tJ'gawG[m w&m;awGaygY}
][kww f ,f ajym&r,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]0do'k rd̈ *funTew f YJ w&m;awGy}J
]tJ'gawGukd edAmÁ efç r*fzv kd &f zdYk &nf½, G u f siw Yf m r[kwb f ;l
vm;}
]r[kwfbl;}
]bmjzpfvYkd edAmÁ efçr*fzv kd f r&nf½, G w
f mvJ}
]tJ'gawGu ud, k ef rYJ wefao;bl; xifxm;vdyYk }J
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]ud, k u f tckrS yg&rDpjznfrh vdYk ½Sad o;ol jzpfvyYkd }J
]onfawmY bmw&m;tvkyaf wG vkyo f vJ}
]t"duuawmY pdwu f x kd ed ;f wJY vkyif ef;awGy/J pdwu f kd i,f
xdyrf mS xm;vsif i,fxyd rf mS aeapcsiw f ,f/ ykc;Hk rSmxm;vsif ykc;Hk ay:
aeapcsiw f ,f/ tJ'gawG jzpfr,fxifwmawG vkyw f myJ}
]jzpfvm;}
]rjzpfb;l ajym&r,f}

144 ÓPuxm
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]pdwu f kd tm½kw H pfcrk mS uyfxm;ayrJY pdwu f tm½kw H pfcuk
vGwof mG ;wmyJ/ uyfxm;ae&wmeJY pdwu f vGwo f mG ;wmud;k / onf
awmY uyfxm;wmuvnf; txde;f r½Sad wmY vGwo f mG ;wmaygY}
]vkyv f rYkd jzpfrYJ oabmw&m;vdYk qdv k wkd mvm;}
]vkyfvdkYjzpfw,fqdkolawGu trsm;tjym;yJ}
]jzpfMuwmyJ}
]ud,k u hf srS bmhaMumifrY jzpf&ovJ? rauseyfb;l / ydBk uKd ;pm;
&r,fvYkd qk;H jzwfNy;D rtdyrf ae avYusiw Yf ,f}
]jzpfvm;}
]auseyfavmufatmif rjzpfb;l }
]b,fvdkjzpfvsif auseyfrvJ}
]pdwu f b,frrS a½GUvsm;vsiaf ygY}
]b,favmufjzpfovJ}
]tm½kaH y:rSm wifxm;vdu k ?f tm½kaH y: a&mufvsiaf wmY wif
wJo
Y wd vGwo f mG ;w,f/ onfawmY tm½kaH y:updwv f nf; vGwf
w,f/ vGwcf sed rf mS owdjyef0ifw,f/ tJonftcg xyfwifw,f}
]owdeYJ tm½kt H ay: wifayrJY tm½kaH y: pdwaf &mufvsif
owdvw G Nf y;D tm½kaH y:a&mufwpYJ w d vf nf; wiforl ½Sjd zpfNy;D ? onf
tm½kHu vGwfw,faygY}
]vGwaf wmY xyfwifrmS aygY}
]a&mufawmY xyfowdvw G ?f 'g txyfxyf jzpfaerSmaygY}
]onfvkd jzpfwmrsm;awmY tm½kaH y:a&mufaewm rsm;vm

ÓPuxm 145
wJtY xdawmY jzpfvmwmaygY}

]a½SUqufBudK;pm;ao;vm;}
]BudK;pm;&wmaygY}
]a½SU bmjzpfovJ}
]owdxm;&wm rygawmYbJ tm½kw H pfcak y:wmudk pdwu f
apmifaY e&ovdrk sKd ; jzpfvmw,f/ aemufawmY tm½kv H nf;r½S?d owd
xm;rIvnf; r½Sw d t
YJ xd jzpfvmw,f}
]tdyfaysmfovdkrsdK; jzpfoGm;wmvm;}
][kww f ,f/ 'gayrJY tdyaf ysmo f mG ;wmawmY r[kwb f ;l }
]tJonfvdkjzpfawmY aumif;ovm;}
]aumif;çraumif; bmvdkawmYrvJ}
]'gqdk b,fvakd jymrvJ}
]aumif;eJY raumif;- Nird ;f apw,f}- ajym&rSmaygY}
]at;}
]Nird ;f aewke;f u Nird ;f rSe;f odwm r[kwb f ;l / Ny;D rSyJ Nird ;f aewm
udk jyefawG;Ny;D od&wmyJ}
][kww f maygY/ tdyrf aysmaf yrJY bmrSrodwt YJ jzpf a&mufae
wm r[kwv f m;}
][kwfw,f}
]tJonftjzpfu b,favmufMumvJ}
]cPyJvYkd xif&wmyJ}
]tJ'g rBuKd ub f ;l vm;}
]rBudKufbl;}

146 ÓPuxm
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]bmrSrod&wmcsn;f jzpfvyYkd }J
]tdyaf ysmv f Ykd rodwmudk BuKd uw f ,fr[kwvf m;}
]BudKufygw,f}
]onfrodwmudak wmY bmvdYk rBuKd uw f mvJ}
]onfrodwmu tdyaf ysmw f meJaY wmY rwlb;l }
]b,fvdkvJ}
]tdyaf ysmw f mu bmrSrodayrJY raysmcf ifrmS tyef;tEGr;f
awGjzpfae&wmu Zdrcf &H w,f/ tJonfZrd rf sKd ;twdik ;f rodomG ;wm
qdak wmY aumif;ovdjk zpfw,fr[kwv f m;? 'gu onfvrkd [kwb f ;l }
]aMomf-}
]Ny;D awmYvnf; ½Sad o;w,f}
]ajymygOD;}
]tdyaf ysmvf sif tdyrf uf-rufwwfw,f/ onfvykd J bmrSrod
aevsif ajymp&m jrifp&mawG awGUvmwwfw,f}
]t[kwfawG awGUwmvm;}
]tdyrf ufvykd ?J [kww f ma&mç r[kww f ma&m ygw,f}
]awGUwm raumif;bl;vm;}
]tdyrf ufukd tdyrf ufvYkd oabmxm;Edik af yrJY tdyrf ufr[kwf
bJ awGUwmudk r[kwb f ;l -vdYk oabmxm;&wm rvG,b f ;l }
]r[kww f mrjrifbJ [kww f mjrifvsif rBuKd ub f ;l vm;}
]'gqdv k siaf wmY BuKd urf rd mS aygY}
]tJ'g &atmifvyk af ygY}

ÓPuxm 147
]rvkyw
f wfb;l / vkyv
f sif &aumif;w,fawmif ratmufarY
bl;}
]'gqdk tckvyk Mf unfyh gvm;}
]bmrSrodwmBu;D eJY raecsib f ;l }
]b,fvdkaecsifwmvJ}
]ud, k pYf w
d u
f kd ud, k ef t YJ wl ½Sad eapcsiw f myJ}
]ud, k &f nf½, G &f if;eJY ruku d af wmY rBuKd ub f ;l aygY}
][kww f ,f/ ud, k uYf ,kd ½f w
dS m rod&wmudk rvdck sib f ;l / 'gudk
t[kwv f vYkd nf; rrSwcf sib f ;l / wefz;kd ½Sw d ,fvnf; rxifb;l }
]onfawmY bmvkyfvJ}
]pdwu f kd ud, k x f m;wJaY e&m aeatmifyJ avYusiaYf ew,f}
]&ovm;}
]r&ygbl;}
]wjcm;enf; rajymif;bl;vm;}
]wjcm;enf; ½Sw d ,fvaYkd wmif rodb;l }
]cufwmaygY}
]0D&d,udk qufjr§ifYae&w,f}
]b,fvkd jri§ o Yf vJ}
]avsmif;wJ£ Y &d,mykxu f kd y,fvu kd w
f ,f/ tcsed jf ynfh pdwf
udk zrf;aew,f/ rtdy&f wm rsm;vmawmY pdw"f mwfusvmw,f/
aeraumif;csifovdkvnf; jzpfvmw,f}
]b,fvpkd w d af wG jzpfvmvJ}
]ig[m igYywf0ef;usif&JU tvnfrSm vlawmfr[kwfovdk

148 ÓPuxm
vlnhH r[kwb f ;l / 'gayrJY ig- tckoyd n f o hH mG ;Nyv D m;? aevdv Yk nf;

raumif;awmYb;l ? pm;vdv Yk nf; raumif;awmYb;l ? b,fvkd vky&f r,f
vnf; rodawmYb;l }-vdyYk }J
][kwfwmyJ}
]onfvkd cHpm;csuaf wG rsm;vmwJt Y cgrSm vufavQmzY Ykd pdwf
jzpfvmw,f}
]b,fvdk jzpfwmvJ}
]igYpw
d uf kd tm½kx H EJ pS &f wmvnf; qif;&Jw,f/ tm½kx H u
J
Ekw&f wmvnf; qif;&Jw,f/ ESpw f mvnf; rvkyb f ;l ? Ekww
f mvnf;
rvkyb f ;l }? tJonfwek ;f u ig-qif;&Jwm r½Sb d ;l }
]tif;}
]onfawmY igrqif;&Jatmif igYpw d u f kd vGwv f yfpmG aecGiYf
ay;xm;r,f}
]at;}
]onftcsed u f pNy;D igYpw d uf kd ig- rxde;f awmYb;l }-vdYk qk;H jzwf
vdkufw,f]
]tJ'g b,ftcsed rf mS vJ}
]nbuf ½Spef m&DavmufrmS yJ}
]bmrS rvkyfawmYbl;aygY}
][kww f ,f/ olaecsio f vdyk J xm;vdu k w f ,f}
]tdyfoGm;a&mvm;}
]rtdyfbl;? xdkifaewmyJ}
]bmrSrvkyfawmY bmjzpfvmovJ}

ÓPuxm 149
]pdwu f ol-ul;csi&f m ul;w,feYJ wlygw,f/ b,favmuf

ul;NyD;NyD? rNyD;ao;bl;qdkwmvnf; rodbl;/ odvdkufwmuawmY
pdwful;wpfckyJ}
]bmpdwful;vJ}
]&efukefu a½Twd*kHay: a&mufaew,f qdkwmyJ}
]onfpdwful;udk bmvkyfovJ}
]bmrSrvkyyf gbl;/ 'gayrJ-Y }
]ajymygOD;}
]olUzmomjzpfoGm;wm wpfck½Sdw,f}
]b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ}
]onfpdwful;[m aooGm;w,f/ NyD;awmYvnf; tJonf
pdwuf ;l ae&mrSm bmrSr½Sb d J jzpfaew,f]-vdYk jrifaewmyJ}
]pdwu f ;l wdik ;f [m pdwu f ;l Ny;D vsif r½Sw
d m- xk;H pHyJ r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gqdk bmxl;vdv Yk }J
]r½Sad ewmudk ]r½Sad ebl;}-vdYk rjrifMubl; r[kwv f m;}
][kwfw,f/ jrifw,f-vdkY rjzpfMubl;/ onfvdkjzpfawmY
b,ftusKd ; jzpfrvJ}
]b,fvrkd aS wmY rjzpfygbl;/ r½Sw d mu bmjzpfaprSmvJ aygY}
'gayrJ-Y }
]vkyfygOD;}
]r½Sw
d t YJ m½k[ H m rysub f ;l r[kwv f m;}
]at;-aygY}

150 ÓPuxm
]rysuw f mudk odaewJpY w d uf rysuaf wmYbJ b,ftm½krH S

ra½GUrvsm; wnfwHhoGm;wmaygY}
]pdwfrul;atmif aevdkY&oGm;wmaygY}
][kwfw,f}
]b,favmufMumMum aevd&Yk rvJ}
]rdepf tenf;i,faygY}
]rawmfwq jzpfwmrsm;vm;}
]xyfvyk Mf unfw h ,f/ rawmfwq r[kwb f ;l / vkyw f ikd ;f &
w,f}
]MumMumaecsiv f sif &rvm;}
]&p&m½Syd gw,f/ 'gayrJY aerMunfzh ;l bl;}
]bmjzpfvdkY aerMunfhwmvJ}
]taMumif;ray:vdkYygyJ}
]b,fvdk taMumif;ray:wmvJ}
]pdwu f kd rxdef ;f awmYb;l -vdYk qk;H jzwfNy;D aeNyrD [kwv f m;}
]onfvq kd akd wmY 'gu b,fvt kd ok;H usO;D rvJ}
]pdwn f pfp&m? pdwq f ;kd çpdwqf mp&m wpfcck 0k ifvsif tJonf
pdwf ysuof mG ;vdYk r½Sw d aYJ e&mudk azmfMunfv h u kd v
f sif pdwn f pfwm
rjzpfawmYbl;aygY}
]odyftokH;usygvm;-}
]bmyJjzpfjzpf awmxJrmS aezdUk xdifk zf Ykd tcuftcJuakd wmY ausmf
vTm;oGm;wm aocsmw,f}
]'gudk tNrv J yk af eovm;}

ÓPuxm 151
]rvkyfygbl;}
]awmxJrSm 'grvkyfvsif bmvkyfaeovJ}
]bmrS rvkyb f ;l /
]rysif;bl;vm;? pdwfrnpfbl;vm;}
]vkH;0avmufyJ 'gawGrjzpfbl;/ enf;enf; jzpfrvdkY½Sdvsif
'guav; jyefMunfv h ukd /f 'gvnf; ½Sm;ygw,f}
]a0,sm0pöawGvyk Nf y;D tcsed af wGukd ukev f eG af povm;}
]bm-a0,sm0pörS rvkyfbl;/ wHjrufpnf;wpfcsufawmif
rvSJbl;}
]vlawGeYJ pum;awG ajymaeovm;}
]b,folrS rvmoavmufbJ}
]avQmufvnfaeovm;}
]b,frS vnfp&mr½Sdbl;}
]pmzwfpm½Gw?f bk&m;½Scd ;kd ? arwåmydaYk wG vkyaf eovm;}
]tJ'gawG bmrSrvkyb f ;l }
]aeUbuf tdyaf o;vm;}
]vScJ siv
f aJS er,f? aysmaf tmiftyd w f m r½Sb d ;l / xdik cf sif xdik af e
r,f/ arSmif&yD sKd ;avmufrmS vrf;pBueF af vQmufw,f/ anmif;awmY
at;at;vlvl xdik w f ,f/ w&m;xdik o f vdxk ikd w
f m r[kwb f ;l / awG;
csi&f mawG;w,f/ qGr;f ç ouFe;f ç ausmif;a q;awGo;Hk &wm&JU t
aMumif;rSeef YJ rvGaJ csmaf tmif ok;H rdzYkd owdxm;w,f}
]"kwifawG usifYao;vm;}
]awmxJa&mufpu usiw Yf ,f/ tJonftod odNy;D csed u f

152 ÓPuxm
pNy;D rusiaYf wmYb;l / raqmufwnfawmYb;l ajym&rSmaygY}

]b,fvdkvJ}
]ig-awmausmif;aewmyJ/awmausmif;aer,f-vdYk raqmuf
wnfvnf; aevd&Yk rnft Y usK;d &Ny;D om;yJ}- atmufarYvyYkd /J wpfjcm;
"kwifawGvnf; onfvykd /J vkyw f m&rSmyJ-vdYk atmufarYNy;D r
aqmufwnfawmYbl;}
]onfvo kd Nd y;D rS NrKUd awGç½GmawGvnf; a&mufw,faemf}
]a&mufNyDaygY/ arG;wumrBuD; rEÅav;aq;½kHrSm aeYbuf
apmifaY y;&? aooGm;wmudk romcs&/ vlawG&UJ tdraf wGrmS wnf;cdk
tdypf uf&? tpp vkycf &YJ NyyD }J
]i,fuuRrf;wJY i,fuRrf;aqGawGbmawGeJYaum awGUao;
vm;}
]rawGUvdkU jzpfrvm;-}
]awGUawmY bmawGajymvJ}
]ud,k jYf zpfpOfuav;awG ajymjy? ]onfvjkd zpfvmwmav;udk
0rf;omay;yg}-vdYk ajym&wmaygY}
]bmjyefajymovJ
]onfvdkjzpfawmY ]olUudkcspfao;&JUvm;}-vdkY jyefar;w,f}
]rif;u b,fvakd jzvJ}
]rcspvf sif b,frmS vmawGUrvJ-vdYk yJaygY}
]onfvykd J ajz&ovm;}
]onfvdkyJ jzpfwmudk;}
]olu bmjyefajymvJ}

ÓPuxm 153
]OD;Zif;0rf;om&atmif olUrSmvnf; ajymp&mawG ½Syd gw,f

wJ/Y tJ'gu olUrSm ,l&rnfo h l ½Sad eNy-D vdYk olUtaMumif; ajymwmaygY}
]rif;u bmjyefajymvJ}
]0rf;omrSmyg}-vdYk ajymwmaygY}
]wu,f 0rf;omvdkYvm;}
]wu,fyJ omw,f/ ud, k cf spw f o
YJ l tazmfrjYJ zpfvYkd ud,
k hf
vGr;f Ny;D useaf erSmudk wu,f rvdv k m;bl;}
]rif;- 0rf;ompum;ajymawmY olu bmjyefajymvJ}
]bmrSawmYrajymbl;/ 'gayrJ-Y }
]'gayrJu Y kd vkyyf gOD;}
]olrsu&f nfusNy;D igYu0kd ifzufw,f/ Ny;D awmY ajczsm;axmuf
Ny;D igYezl;udk arT;w,f}
]rif;- tmywfoifrY mS aygY}
]oifrY ,f rxifygbl;}
]onfvdkBuD; vkyfNyD;awmYuGm}
]wynfah wmf bmrS rvkyyf gbl;}
]jzpfrvm;uG}
]onftwdkif;ygyJ}
]zufawmY rif;rcHpm;&bl;vm;}
]ud,k cYf spo
f ul zufwmyJ? rcHpm;&bl;ajymvdYk jzpfrvm;}
]'gqdvk sif rwkUH jyefyaJ evdaYk um jzpfygYrvm;}
]tJ'guawmY pGr;f &nfy}J
]cGv
J mawmY rvGr;f bl;vm;}

154 ÓPuxm
]vGr;f w,fajymvdaYk wmY rjzpfb;l / taMumif;tm;avsmpf mG

owd&wmawmY jzpfygw,f}
]vGr;f wmeJY owd&wm twlyrJ [kwv f m;}
][ifYtif;}
]bmxl;rvJ}
]vGr;f wmu awGUcsiaf ew,f/ owd&wmu awGUcsiw f YJ qm
avmifrI rjzpfb;l yJ}
]rif;u awGUcsifwJYqmavmifrI rjzpfbl;aygY}
]aewmyJMunfhaygY}
]tckvakd wGjzpfawmY xl;jcm;Nyv D Ykd xifw,faygY}
][kww f ,f/ 'gawG[m omreftjzpfawGr[kww f m ao
csmw,f/ 'gawG[m bmawGv/J w&m;&w,fqw kd m onfvakd wG
rsm;vm;? 'gawG ppfMunfrh w d ,f}
]tif;- ppfp&myJ}
]ppfawmYvnf; tajz wdwu d sus rxGub f ;l }
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]w&m;&wmqd&k atmif ig- bmw&m;tm;xkwv f vYkd }J -ar;
Munfwh ,f/ ]bmrSvJ tm;rxkwb f ;l }-vdYk tajzu xGuw f ,f}
]at;}
]'g w&m;&wm r[kwb f ;l qdvk nf; 'gawG[m bmjzpfwm
awGv?J w&m;&ol&UJ tjzpfawG[m onfvykd jJ zpf&rSmyJ r[kwb f ;l
vm;}- onfvkd tar;xGuw f ,f}
][kwfwmyJ}

ÓPuxm 155
]onftar;twGuf tajzvTpJ &m wpkw H &mr½Sw d m Mum

awmY? ]'g[m w&m;&wmyJjzpf&r,f}-vdYk qk;H jzwfvu kd wf ,f}
]rajymwwfatmifyJ}
]onfawmY? ]'g[m w&m;&wmqdv k sif ArmjynfrmS onfvkd
w&m;&wmawG 'keaYJ '; ½Sw d ef&mw,f/ Buw d Bf uwd ef ,fe,f tm;
xkwaf eMuolawG[m r&bJr½SEd ikd b f ;l / bmrStm;rxkwb f J &ao;
wmyJ}-vdYk awG;rdw,f}
]tif;}
]onfawmY? ]onfoal wGukd oGm;awGUoifw Y ,f/ ud, k &f
w,fxifww YJ &m;eJY olw&Ykd MuwJw Y &m; wlovm;? uGo J vm;-qdw k m
avYvmwdkufqdkifMunfhoifYw,f}-vdkY awG;rdw,f}
][kwfwmyJ}
]'gtwGuf ydv k , G uf al prSm jzpfvv Ykd nf; aemifawmfBu;D ac:
wJaY emuf vdu k o f mG ;zdYk qk;H jzwfvu kd wf ,f}
]aemiftcgrSm onfjyefvmOD;rvm;}
]tJ'g rajymwwfb;l }
]jyefvmzdYk rjyefvmzdYk b,fv&kd nf½, G cf suf ½Sv d vYkd }J
]bmrS r&nf½, G rf bd ;l / jyefa&mufvsif jyefa&mufzYkd t
aMumif;oifv Y yYkd /J ra&mufjyefvsif jyefa&mufzYkd taMumif;roifv Y yYkd -J
vdkY ajym&rSmyJ bk&m;}
]at;- 'gvnf; [kwfygw,f}
]aemufxyfvmNyD; EIwfrqufawmYbl;-bk&m;-aemf}
]at;yg? at;yg}

156 ÓPuxm

ÓPuxm 157
tcef;(4)
y#dywf½iS rf sm;ESiw
Yf &m;wdu
k pf pfaq;pOfu
½SifÓPajympum;rsm;

158 ÓPuxm

ÓPuxm 159
tcef;(4)
y#dywf½Sifrsm;ESifY w&m;wdkufppfaq;pOfu
½SifÓPajympum;rsm;
33/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd ok;H q,fay;q&mawmfBu;D tm; ½SiÓ f P

w&m;aqG;aEG;pum;
rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd rSm ok;H q,fay;q&mawmfBu;D eJY ½SiÓ f P
pum;ajymcJYygw,f/
]OD;ÓP pmoifc&YJ wm r0ao;bl; xifw,f]
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ bk&m;]
]pmawGzwfaew,f Mum;vYdk}
]r0vdYk r[kwyf gbl;}
]bmvkyfzdkYvJ}
]bk&m;ud, k w
f ikd af [mwJY w&m;udk emMum;csiv f Ykd zwfwmyg}
]oifNy;D NyD r[kwv f m;}
]oifwek ;f uawmY zwfwwfatmifyJ zwfwmyg/ w&m;tae
eJY rzwfcyYJ gbl;}
]pmrSmw&m;emwmxuf bke;f Bu;D awG a[majymaewmawG
u tzGiv Yf nf;ygNy;D om;qdak wmY ydrk vkd ,
G u
f rl ,f r[kwb f ;l vm;? tJ'g
awGemwm ydrk aumif;bl;vm;}
]tJ'gawG emNy;D NyD ajym&rSmygbk&m;}
]b,frmS emovJ}
]ArmjynfrmS xdyw f ef;uswYJ bke;f Bu;D tm;vk;H qDrmS emNy;D NyD

160 ÓPuxm
ajym&rSmygbk&m;}
]tJ'gawGu b,foal wGygvdr}Yf
]y#dywfynm½Siaf wG[m y&d,wåyd nm½Siaf wG&UJ od½cdS suu f kd
vufawGUtaumiftxnfazmfaeolawG jzpfygw,f/ tJonfoal wG
[m xdyw f ef;bke;f Bu;D awGaygY bk&m;}
][kwfNyD}
]tJonfolawG&JUawGU½SdcsufawGudk wynfhawmfavYvmNyD;
ygNy}D
]udk,fwdkifa&m w&m;awGudk vufawGU taumiftxnf
azmfrMunfhbl;vm;}
]azmfMunfhNyD;ygNyD}
]pmawGzwfwmu w&m;a[mzdkYvm;}
]w&m;½SmzdyYk g bk&m;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]tm;vk;H udk avYvmvdu k w
f tYJ cgrSm rSwcf suw
f pfck wdwu d s
us xGuv f mygw,fb&k m;}
]vkyfygOD;}
]rSwcf suuf ]w&m;trSef awGUcsiv f sif bk&m;qDyJ oGm;&
awmYr,f}- vdyYk gyJ bk&m;}
]tif;}
]bk&m;u vGeaf wmfrNl y;D Nyq
D akd wmY bk&m;udk rawGUEdik af wmY
bl;/ onfawmY bk&m;a[mcJw Y ,fqw kd mxJu bk&m;toHukd t&
½SmNyD;? bk&m;a[majymcsufudk emMum;&vdrfYr,f-vdkY wynfhawmf

ÓPuxm 161
pdwjf zpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifY pmawGzwfwmygbk&m;}

]bk&m;qDuvGNJ y;D b,foqYl rD mS rS w&m;r½Sad wmYb;l }- xif
w,faygY}
]wynfah wmf tJonfvykd J odygw,f}
][if-}
(u) w&m;wdu k q f ikd jf cif;\ &nfreS ;f csu3f &yftaMumif; pum;

]trSev f Ykd rajymygbl;bk&m;? wynfah wmfow d mom jzpfyg
w,f}
]b,fvdkodoGm;wmqdkwm vkyfygOD;}
]wynfah wmfu, kd wf ikd f w&m;wpfc&k cJw
Y ,f/ ]ig&wJw Y &m;
[m wu,f- w&m;[kwçf r[kw}f - trsm;eJY wdu k q
f ikd pf pfaq; Munfh
csifcJYygw,f}
][kwfrSmaygY}
]'gaMumifY y#dywf*dkPf;trsdK;rsdK;awG&JU acgif;aqmifawGeJU
awGUqkH aqG;aEG;Munfhygw,f]
]b,folawGqD a&mufovJ}
]txufatmuf ArmjynfrmS ½So d rSQ ausmMf um;olawGeYJ r
ausmMf um;ayrJY ud, k wf ikd f ½SmazGavYvmaeolawGxu J BuKo H rQawG?
olwq Ykd D a&mufygw,f}
]olwuYkd akd wGUwJt Y cg b,fvckd sO;f uyfv}J
]olwdkYw&m;udk em&zdkYeJY em&wJYw&m;udk ar;jref;cGifY&zdkY
awmif;qdkcsOf;uyfygw,f}

162 ÓPuxm
]a[mMu&JUvm;}
]wcsdKUuawmY olwdkY[molwdkYyJ a[mMuygw,f/ wcsdKUu
ra[mcsiMf ubl;/ tvkyyf J ay;csiMf uw,f}
]tvkyaf y;awmY vkyv f u kd af &mvm;}
]rvkyyf gbl;/ ]rvkycf if tvsief myg&ap}-vdYk awmif;qd&k wm
aygY}
]olwu Ykd a[mMu&JUvm;}
]a[mMuygw,f}
]a[mwmudk aqG;aEG;w,fvm;}
]jyefar;cGijYf yKzYkd awmif;qd&k wmaygY}
]ar;cGifYay;Mu&JUvm;}
]wcsKd Uuay;w,f? wcsKd Uu ray;csiMf ubl;/ vkypf &mudyk J
vkyv f -Ykd ajymw,f/ yg;pyfeYJ tvsiv f yk yf g&apOD;-vdYk awmif;qd&k yg
w,f}
]OD;ÓPu bmawGjyefar;zdYk &nf½, G x
f m;ovJ}
]tcsuo f ;Hk csuef aYJ r;zdYk &nf½, G x f m;ygw,f}
]bmawGvJ}
]yXrtcsuu f ]vkyif ef;&JyY ef;wdik f bmjzpfw,f}-qdw k m od&
wJt
Y xd ay:zdaYk r;r,f}
]'kwd,u-}
]tJ'guawmY ]ajymcsuaf wG[m bk&m;a[majymcsuf a'o
emtpOfeYJ uGm[aevsif bmaMumifu Y mG [ovJ}- ar;r,f}
]wwd,ar;rSm vkyyf gOD;}
]tJonftcsufuawmY ]&v'f[m avmuvlawGtaeeJY
ÓPuxm 163
bmtokH;usovJ}- qdkwm ay:atmif ar;&r,fvdkY ygyJ}

]'gawG&UJ tajzudk b,fvt kd ok;H csr,f}
]onfo;Hk csurf mS wpfcsujf zpfap? ESpcf sujf zpfap cRw, f iG ;f
vsif tJonfw&m;udk qufrvkyb f ;l -qdw k m vkyzf yYkd gyJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]vkyif ef;&JUyef;wdik f razmfEikd v f sijf zpfjzpf? tJonfyef;wdik u
f
a'oemeJY qefu Y siaf evsijf zpfjzpf vufawGUrSm bmrS tok;H csr&bl;
qdv
k sijf zpfjzpf wynfah wmf rvdv k m;vdyYk J jzpfygw,fb&k m;}
]vdkvm;wJYw&m; awGUcJY&JUvm;}
]rawGUygbl;}
]onfvq kd akd wmY oGm;&wmawG[m tcsn;f ES;D awG jzpfwm
aygY}
]onfvdkawmY r[kwfygbl;bk&m;}
]OD;ÓPvdck siw f mawG bmrSr&bl; r[kwv f m;}
]vdck siw f m r&ayrJY &wmawG[m wynfah wmfrmS tok;H awG
usygw,f}
]bmawG &vmcJv Y v
Ykd }J
]olww Ykd awG wu,f&½Sad eMuwJY w&m;awGtrsKd ;rsKd ;udk odcYJ
&wmawG &cJyY gw,f}
]olwdkUwu,f&aewJY w&m;trsdK;rsdK;udk odcJY&w,f? [kwf
vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]olwYkd wu,f&w,fvYkd OD;ÓPu ,kMH unfovm;}
],kyH gw,f/ olw&Ykd w,f ajymwmawG[m wu,f&aeMu
164 ÓPuxm
wmawGukd ajymMuwmawGyg}
]olwdkY&wmawGu trsdK;rsdK;jzpfaeovm;}
][kwyf gw,f/ wpfO;D eJw Y pfO;D &aeMuwmawG[m rwlMuyg
bl;}
]w&m;[m trsKd ;rsKd ; jzpfEikd v
f vYkd m;}
]rjzpf&ygbl;}
]onfvq kd v
kd sif w&m;r[kwb f ;l aygY}
]w&m;awmY [kwrf mS ygyJ}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]bk&mYw&m;qdv k siaf wmY twlyJ jzpf&rSmygyJ}
]tjcm;w&m;awG jzpfaevdkYvm;}
]wynfah wmf onfvykd J odwmaygY}
]tJ'g ta&;Bu;D wmaygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]aoaocsmcsm qk;H jzwfEikd Nf yv D m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]taxmuftxm; tvkHtavmuf½Sd&JUvm;}
]vkHavmufygw,f}
]tJ'gawG vkypf rf;ygOD;}
]enf;enf;awmY ½Snfa0;w,fbk&m;}
]&ygw,f}
]wynfah wmfqifjcifrad tmif jzpf&wmu pajym&rSmyJ}
]ajymyg}

ÓPuxm 165
( c) ppfuidk ;f y&uúrq&mawmfrsm;ESiYf awGUqkcH supf um;

]wynfah wmf ppfuikd ;f u y&uúrq&mawmfrsm;udak wGUzdYk oGm;
BudK;pm;w,f}
]olwu Ykd &[EÅmqdNk y;D odyf emrnfBu;D aew,f/ *latmif;ae
Muw,f/wpfyg;u *lxJurxGufbl;/ yJ-yJpm;aew,f [kwfvm;?
olwq Ykd D oGm;cJw Y ,fvm;-}
]olwdkYudk,fwdkif ajymqdkwJYpum;awGrSm olwdkY[m ykxkZOfyJ½Sd
ao;w,f-vdYk xkwaf zmfajymwm Mum;&w,f}
]aMomf-}
]'geJY olwq Ykd u
D w&m;remawmYbJ nenf;enf;tdyNf y;D jyef
vmcJYw,f}
( *) ÓPpm*Dq&mawmfEiS Yf w&m;wdu k q f ikd af qG;aEG;csupf um;

]ppfuikd ;f u jyefcNYJ yaD ygY}
]ppfuikd ;f rdwaf qGausmif;rSm cPaeygw,f/ tJonfuae
Ny;D ÓPpm*Dq&mawmf(&efuek )f u olU&dyo f mcGrJ mS w&m;&ufquf
a[maecdkuf BuKHvdkY okH;çav;&ufavmufyJ tJonfw&m; emaeyg
w,f}
]q&mawmfu ta[mtajym tvGeaf umif;w,faemf}
][kwyf gw,f/ y&dowfwpfcv k ;Hk eJY tar;tajzvkyEf ikd af tmif
y&dowfukd EI;d xm;Edik wf t
YJ xd ygyJ}
]olUqDu bm&cJYvJ}
]ok;H &ufavmufemrdawmY olbmajymvdw k ,f odomG ;&NyD

166 ÓPuxm
aygY}
]at;-}
]av;&ufajrmufn w&m;emzdaYk wmY tcsed af wGtapmBu;D u
olYqDoGm;cJYw,f}
]tawGUcH&JUvm;}
]olu olw Y umçwumrok;H OD;avmufukd &if;ES;D pGmyJ w&m;jy
aewmudk enf;enf;apmifNY y;D olwjYkd yefawmY awGU&ygw,f}
]OD;ÓPu q&mawmfukd bmar;vJ}
]q&mawmfa[majymwJY w&m;awGxrJ mS ygwJY ]½kyaf wGysuf
aew,f-qdw k m wynfah wmf em;rvnfb;l / ½kyyf suyf u Hk kd wynfah wmf
udk enf;enf;½Si;f ay;yg}-vdYk ajym&wmaygY}
]½Sif;ay;&JUvm;}
]½Si;f ay;ygw,f/ 'gayrJY ]tJ'gawG[m rxif½mS ;ovdk jzpfyg
w,f/ 'gaMumifY tqif;½ky&f UJ ysuyf u Hk kd ½Si;f ay;yg/ q&mawmfeYJ w
ynfah wmf&UJ tMum;rSm½Sw d YJ onfaxG;cHrmS ½Sad ewJY tqif; tpdr;f
a&mif[m ½Sad ecJw Y m MumNy?D aemifvnf; ½Sad eOD;rSm tMumBu;D jzpfp&m
½Sw
d ,f/ tJ'g b,fvykd suw f mvJb&k m;}-vdYk ar;&w,f}
]b,fvdk½Sif;vJ}
]tJonfta&miftqif;[m ysufawmYaeygw,f/ olysuf
wmudk rdu k uf ½dpk ukyf pwmawGeYJ Munfv h sif odomygw,f/ tJ'godzYkd
rdkufu½dkpukyfrsufvkH;&atmif vkyf&ygw,f/ q&mawmfwdkYvnf;
'gyJvyk af ewmygyJ}- vdYk ajzygw,f}
]onfajz½Si;f csuu f kd OD;ÓP b,fvo kd abmxm;ovJ}

ÓPuxm 167
]onfoabmxm; rajymcif oleaYJ jym&wJY pum;wcsKd U ajym

csifygao;w,f}
]ajymygOD;}
]bGUJ emrnf b,fvakd c:ovJ}-wJ/Y ]wynfah wmfbUJG ÓPyg
bk&m;}-ajymawmY ]v,fwq D &mawmfBu;D emrnfeYJ wlw,f/ wlvsif
ÓPfxufrmS yJ/ ÓPfxufayrJY trS½D rdS S Bu;D yGm;wm/ OD;yOÆi;f ? wdq Yk D
vmraecsib f ;l vm;? ausmif;awG wdq Yk rD mS trsm;Bu;D ½Sw d ,f/ wdpYk m
tkyaf wGjzefcY w YJ m oef;ausmv f mNy}D ? onfvakd wG ajym&w,f}
]olu awmfawmfbkef;BuD;wmyJ}
]ud,k w f ikd wf &m;r&bJeYJ w&m;awGjy/ w&m;pmawGjzefY vkyf
aew,f/ r&ao;yJ trSm;çtrSef b,fvo kd rd mS vJ? rSew
f ,fxifvsif
ud,k w f ikd &f atmifvyk Nf y;D rS jzefzY aYkd umif;w,f/ ud, k wf ikd rf odbJ rSm;
rSe;f rod? rSerf eS ;f rod jzefw Y muawmY tEÅ&m,fy/J rSm;aevsif aemuf
uvlawG 'ku©}- vdkY pdwfysufvmrdwmygyJ bk&m;}
]w&m;jyMuw,fqw kd m onfvakd wGyJ r[kwv f m;}
]tJonfvakd wmY rjzpfaumif;bl;aygY bk&m;}
]bk&m;a[mxm;wmawGeJYtnD jyMuwmr[kwfvm;}
]onfavmufqv kd sif jyzdYk raumif;bl;aygY/ a½S;uvdk jyef
a[mwmavmufyJ vkyo f ifw Y maygY}
]jywmeJY a[mwm? bmxl;vdv Yk }J
]jywmu y#da0"yk*¾dKvfawG vkyfoifYw,f/ a[mwmu
y&d,wåyd *k Kd¾ vaf wG vkyo f ifw Y myJ}
]ud, k w f ikd of rd -S jy? wqifMY um;qd-k a[m}-vdYk qdv k wkd mvm;}

168 ÓPuxm
]'grS oifrY mS aygYb&k m;}

(C) rd;k ukwq f &mawmfw&m;ESiYf wdu k qf ikd af qG;aEG;csupf um;
]aemuf b,fa&mufao;vJ- qufygOD;}
]rd;k ukwqf &mawmfw&Ykd yd o f mudk q,f&ufausmaf vmuf oGm;
aecJYw,f}
]q&mawmf jyef(ysH)awmfrlNyDaemf}
][kwyf gw,f/ tkycf sKyo f u l rwnfNird af o;ygbl;/ w&m;u
awmY q&mawmf&JU wdyf&aumf'gBudK;xJu [mawGyJ wpfaeYESpfBudrf
em&w,f}
]q&mawmf&UJ a[mcsuaf wGukd b,fvjkd rifco YJ vJ}
]q&mawmfuv kd nf; y#da0"rjzpfbJ a[maewm-vdYk xifcYJ
wmyJ}
]bmawGUvdkYvJ}
]a½SUpdwjf zpfçysu?f aemufpw d f r*f}-vdYk a[majymaewm awGU
&ygw,f}
]'g rrSev f v Ykd m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]jzpfçysuu f kd r*ferYJ jrif&ygbl;/ jzpfçysu[ f m r*f&UJ tm½kH r
[kw&f ygbl;/ r*f&UJ tm½k[ H m rjzpfçrysu&f m edAmÁ efyJ jzpfygw,f}
]'gu ykAb Á m*r*fajymwm jzpfvrYkd sm;vm;}
]r*fu tpm;pm; r½SEd ikd yf gbl;/ ½Sw d ,fqv kd siv
f nf; tJonf
r*fawG[m avmukw&å mr*f r[kww f mawGyg}

ÓPuxm 169
]b,fvdkawGvJ? ½Sif;rS ydk½Iyfvmw,f}

]owfwmçcd;k wmawGvnf; r*fawGygyJ/ 'gawGukd w&m;t&m
rSm b,forl S r*f-vdYk rok;H Muygbl;/ wjcm;awGvnf; avmukw&å m
r*fvYkd rok;H oifyY gbl;/ ]ykAb Á m* awG? ty&bm*awG}-[m a,mif
apygw,f}
]r*fr[kwfwmudk r*frvkyfoifYbl;}
]r*fwdkif;[m tpkHtnD ray:ao;oí? r*fr[kwfygbl;/
tJ'gusiv Yf sif r*f&UJ a½SUtzdrYk mS ½Sv
d Ykd 'gudk ]ykAbÁ m*r*f} ajymwmyg/
'g[m r*f-wu,f r[kwyf gbl;}
]y&d,wfeaYJ jymwJY taxmuftxm;jyKp&m wjcm;½Sad o;
vm;}
]½Sdygw,f}
]vkyfygOD;}
]jzpfysujf rifvsif jzpfysurf ek ;f r,f/ jzpfysurf ek ;f vsif jzpfysuf
qk;H r,f? jzpfçysuq f ;Hk &m edAmÁ ef}-vdYk a[majymxm;csuf ½Sw d ,f}
]pmeJY rudkufbl;vm;}
]udkufygw,f}
]bmvdkao;vJ}
]jzpfysuf jrifwmeJ?Y jzpfysuf b,fvrkd ek ;f r,fç qk;H r,f-qdw k m
obm0uswJY ½Sif;csuf r½Sdbl;/ qkH;wm&JU&ovnf; ay:atmif
razmfEdkifbl;}
]pmxJ½w dS mtwdik ;f a[mwm-vdYk qdv k wkd maygY}
][kwfygw,f/ 'gayrJY- q&mawmf[m ta[mtajymrSm

170 ÓPuxm
odyu f akd umif;w,f/ emvdYk r0Edik pf &mjzpfatmif a[mwwfw,f/

'gaMumifY w&m;a&at; qmavmifrw G of yd o f al wG[m tm;xm;arS;
rSw
d &f m jzpfwmyJ-vdYk rSw, f cl w
YJ ,f}
]tJonfrSm bmawGaqG;aEG;cJYao;vJ}
]wm0efc-H vdYk ra&&maewmqdak wmY rar;jref;cJyY gbl;}
]q&mawmfBu;D u "mwfawmfusw,f-qdw k meJY pyfvYkd b,f
vdkoabmxm;cJYovJ}
]qGr;f cHww
YJ u
kd w
f pfcuk rd;k ukwq f &mawmf&UJ "mwfawmf-vdYk
jywm jrifc&YJ ygw,f}
]wu,f[kwfw,f-vdkY jrifcJYovm;}
]jywJ"Y mwfawmfu tyfacsmif;Bu;D Bu;D avmuf/ vk;H ywfeYJ
t½Snu f ajcmufr;l avmuf ½Srd ,f/ tJonfxyd af b;rSmrS rkn H if;apY
avmuf½SdwJY tvkH;uav; uyfaewm awGU&w,f}
]tif;-}
]"mwfawmfusw,fqv kd sif tm;vk;H tvk;H uav;awG rjzpf
bl;vm;? onftacsmif;u b,fvv kd -J vdyYk J pdwx f J ar;cGe;f jzpfw,f/
odyBf u;D awmY bmrS rcHpm;cJyY gbl;}
( i) ausmufoabFmq&mawmfw&m;ESiYf wdu k q
f ikd af qG;aEG;csuf
pum;
]rd;k ukwNf y;D awmY b,fw&m;Xme a&mufovJ}
]ausmufoabFm a&mufygw,f}
]ausmufoabFmu ausmufqnf a½Tomavsmif;awmif&UJ

ÓPuxm 171
ckvwfrmS ½Sw d maemf}

]tJonfukd naeae0if&w D a&mrSm a&mufomG ;ygw,f/ t
Bu;D tuJvyk o f u l a&uefwpfc&k UJ tpyfrmS pBuv ø yk af ew,f/ olUqD
oGm;awGU ½Scd ;kd Ny;D ? onfrmS enf;enf;aexdik af vYvmcGiYf awmif;yg
w,f}
]tBu;D tuJbek ;f Bu;D uvnf; cGijYf yKwt YJ aMumif; ajym&if;?
w&m;"r®wpfcu k kd vrf;avQmuf&mu &yfNy;D a[majymygw,f}
]olwu Ykd w&m;a[majymrIukd tawmf vkUH v0D&, d ½SMd u
w,faemf}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]tJonf a[majymcsuf ausvnf&UJ vm;}
]rausvnfbl;}
]bmajymvdkUvJ}
]tJ'g aumif;aumif; rrSwfrdawmYbl;/ acsywmuawmY
]onftwdik ;f qdv k sif yOö0n d mPf b,fa&mufomG ;r,f}- qdw k mrsKd ;yJ}
]olu bmvkyo f vJ}
]ol vdu k ½f iS ;f w,f/ ½Si;f vdrYk &atmif tcsut f vufeYJ w
ynfah wmfuajymawmY ]ud, k af wmYaf emuf vdu
k ½f iS ;f ae&wmeJY ½Iyu
f ek f
Ny}D vd-Yk ajymNy;D ]uJ-uJ &yfMuOD;pd?Yk ae&m,lygOD;}-vdYk ajymw,f}
]ae&m nTefjyay;a&mvm;}
][kww f ,f/ OD;Zif;Bu;D wpfyg;udak c:Ny;D ae&may;zdYk nTef
w,f/ OD;Zif;BuD;u ae&mcsay;w,f}
]b,fausmif; ae&vJ}

172 ÓPuxm
]uk#b D uf tedraYf v;u awmife&H u H rkd DS wnfxm;wJY wpfcef;

wdu k af usmif;uav;rSm aecGiaYf y;w,f}
]wpfa,mufxJvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tcif;çtNcKaH wG ay;ao;vm;}
]ay;w,f/ tJ'gawG r,lyg&apeJ-Y vdYk wynfah wmfu jiif;
w,f/ 'gudk OD;Zif;Bu;D u rauseyfb;l }
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]ud,k uYf , kd u f kd *kPwf ifaew,f-vdYk xifovd½k ydS gw,f/ ol
wduYk onfvu kd siw Yf m rBuKd ub f ;l eJv
Y nf; wlygw,f}
]bmajymvdkYvJ}
]igu rifUudk oem;vdaYk y;wm}-vdYk ajymygw,f/ txyfxyf
jiif;wmudk txyfxyfypJ w d q f ;kd Ny;D ay;aew,f}
]OD;ÓP bmjzpfvYkd ,lrxm;wmvJ}
]wynfah wmf onfouFe;f ok;H xnfeyYJ J aeaeusqakd wmY rvdk
bl;/ rvdb k J ,lxm;vsif apmifaY ½Smuf&wJ0Y efyJ wufaer,f r[kwf
vm;? 'gYaMumifY jiif;wm}
]aemufq;Hk b,fvjkd zpfovJ}
]wynfhawmfuvnf; pdwfqdk;jyvdkufw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]rvdck siv f Ykd rvdck sib f ;l ajymwmyJ? tJonfavmufawmif
½Sv
d sif tJ'gawGukd [dak csmufMum;xJ oGm;ypfvu kd af ygY}-vdYk ajymvdu
k f
w,f}

ÓPuxm 173
]tif;-}
]onfawmYrS jyefoGm;w,f}
]rdk;csKyfaea&maygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]tdyfa&mvm;}
]uGyyf spu f av;ay: vSaJ eygw,f/ ½Spef m&DavmufrmS wHcg;
vmacgufygw,f}
]b,fvdkwkHUjyefvdkufovJ}
]wGe;f zGiNYf y;D 0ifvmyg}-vdYk zdwaf c:vdu k yf gw,f/ OD;yOÆi;f wpf
yg; 0ifvmygw,f}
]olu b,folwJYvJ}
]olu ]OD;Mobmo}-vdYk ac:oly/J onfausmif;eJY teD;qk;H
ausmif;uav;rSm aeoly/J olUodum© ar;Munfah wmY wynfah wmf
xuf i,fwmawGU&vdYk atmufem;u uGyyf sprf mS olu Y kd ae&mcsay;
vdu k yf gw,f/ olu olt Y aMumif;ajym? t½G,t f aMumif;ar; vkyf
ygw,f/ tv’my ov’myajym&if; aq;jyif;vdyu f kd rD;n§ad ew,f/
Ny;D awmY wynfah wmfa½SUudk olv Y uf0g;jzefx
Y m;Ny;D cg;Mum;n§yx f m;wJY
aomYwu JG vkd uf0g;rSm xnfw h ,f/ Ny;D awmY ]bm½So d vJ}-vdYk ar;w,f}
]OD;ÓPu bmajzovJ}
]aomYwGJ½Sdw,f-vdkY ajzvdkufw,f}
]olu bmvkyo f vJ}
]aomYwu JG kd jyef,Nl y;D cg;Mum;rsm jyefny§ w f ,f/ vuf0g;jzefY
xm;wmudk jyefr½kyo f rd ;f bl;/ Ny;D awmY ]bm½So
d vJ}-vdYk wynfah wmfukd

174 ÓPuxm
ar;w,f}
]bmajzvdkufovJ}
]bmrSr½Sb d ;l -vdYk ajzvduk w
f ,f}
]olu bmajymvJ}
]ckeu aomYwaJG eoGm;wJaY e&m r½Sb d ;l vm;}-vdYk ajymw,f}
]OD;ÓP bmajymvJ}
]olu Y kd vufumjyNy;D ]awmfawmY ud, k af wmf&m? 'gudk eufjzef
usrS ajym&atmif/ onfaeYawmY wjcm;pum;udyk J at;at;aq;
aq; ajym&atmif}-vdYk ajymvdu k w
f ,f}
]aemufaeYeeH ufrmS awGUovm;]
]qGr;f cHjyefvmw,fqv kd siyf J ausmif;a½SUu aeomatmuf
u uGyyf spu f av;uae ac:w,f/ oGm;awGUawmY raeYutqufukd
ajymjyvdkufw,f]
]bmawGajymwmvJ}
]ae&mudMk unfw h mu wynfah wmf&UJ tuGuyf /J w ] ynfah wmf
odwt YJ od[m ae&myJ}-qdw k m raeYu oljyvdu k af wmY oabm
aygufomG ;cJw Y ,f/ 'gYaMumifY 'gudk nuaumif;aumif; jyefomG ;Ny;D ?
oleaYJ wGUwJt Y cg? 'gudk olauseyfavmufatmif ydyk rkd rkd kd ajymEdik cf YJ
w,f}
]olu bmajymvJ}
]ud, k af wmf aomwmyefjzpfaeNyyD }J -vdYk ajymw,f}
]onfawmY bmajymovJ}
]bmjzpfvYkd aomwmyefjzpfNy}D-vdYk ajym&wmvJ-vdYk jyefar;yg

ÓPuxm 175
w,f}
]ol bmajzvJ}
]edAmÁ efukd rsuaf rSmufjyKaeNyyD }J -vdYk ajzw,f}
]bmjyefajymvJ}
]b,f[m edAmÁ efv}J -vdyYk }J
]bmajzvJ}
]½kyçf emrfw&Ykd UJ Nird ;f wJaY e&m}-aygY vdkYyJ}
]bmjyefajymvJ}
]wynfah wmf aomwmyef rjzpfyg&apeJOY ;D ? t½Sib f &k m;wdyYk J
aomwmyefjzpfEiS MYf uyg}-vdYk ajymvdu k w f ,f}
]ol bmajymvJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}-vdkYyJ}
]onfu bmjyefajymvJ}
]wynfah wmf odu k pf meJY rudu k af o;vdyYk g-} vdyYk }J
]onfawmY olu bmajymvJ}
]odu k pf mu b,fvq kd vkd v
kd v
Ykd }J - vdyYk }J
]OD;ÓP b,fvakd jzvJ}
]opömav;csuf[m wNydKifeufjzpf&r,fvdkY qdkw,f} tck
wynfah wmfu ½kyçf emrfwNYkd ird ;f &mudk odw,fy-J qdak yrJY ]Nird ;f &mudo k d
csed rf mS ½kyçf emrfjzpfysuw f mudk todrjrifb/;l onfawmY 'kuu © kd rod
bl;}- qdw k YJ t"dygÜ ,f a&mufaew,f/ 'gaMumifY opömav;csu[ f m
wynfah wmfrmS wNyKd ief ufrjzpfb;l }-vdyYk }J
]onfawmY olu bmjyefajymvJ}

176 ÓPuxm
]'ku©udk rodbl;vm;? acG;udkufwmç wkwf½dkufwmawG[m

'kua© wGy?J 'gawGrodb;l vm;}-vdYk ar;w,f}
]bm jyefajzvJ}
]'gawGukd odygw,f/ 'gayrJY ]Nird ;f wJaY e&mudk odcsed rf mS - 'g
awGudk rodygbl;}-vdkY ajzcJY&w,f}
]ol-bmajymao;vJ}
]pum;u ukeo f mG ;NyjD zpfvYkd wjcm;taMumif;awGbufajymif;
Ny;D ajymMuygw,f/ olb Y 0taMumif;awGu trsm;tjym; em&yg
w,f/ pdw0f ifpm;zG,af wGvnf; jzpfygw,f/ olUb0[m ausmuf
oabFm&JUb0-vdYk ajym&avmufygw,f}
]b,favmufMumcJYvJ}
]okH;çav;&ufygyJ}
( p) a0blq&mawmfEiS Yf awGUqkjH cif;pum;

]tJonfem;uyfaewJY a0blqD roGm;bl;vm;}
]oGm;NyaD ygY bk&m;}
]a0bleYJ pum;ajymwmav; vkyyf gOD;}
]EIwfquf½kHavmufyJ}
]pum;rajymbl;vm;}
]a0blu w&m;a[m? w&m;jyaewJb Y ek ;f Bu;D r[kwyf gbl;}
]bmbkef;BuD;vJ}
]oabmaumif; raemaumif;?oDvcHaumif;?BuKd qakd umif;?
taeaumif;eJY bk&m;awGwnfaqmufaewJY bkef;BuD;wpfyg;ygyJ}

ÓPuxm 177
]w&m;ra[mbl;vm;}
]a[mygw,f}
]bmudka[mwmvJ}
]BudK;pm;MuygAsm}-vdkY a[mwmyJ}
]bmudk BudK;pm;ckdif;wmvJ}
]a½S;bk&m;awG usicYf MYJ uwmawG odMuNy;D om;awG-wJ/Y tJ'g
awGBuKd ;pm;Muvd-Yk a[mwmyg}
]bmrS rar;cJYbl;vm;}
]ar;p&m bmrS r½Syd gbl;/
]ausmufqnfu jyefvma&mvm;}
][kwyf gw,f/ "mwfawmfawmif? bD;vif;awmifwrYkd mS t
enf;i,fpD avYvmaqG;aEG;Ny;D jyefcyYJ gw,f}
]aemuf qufavYvmwmav;awG ajymygOD;}
]atmufjynfa&mufoGm;ygw,f}
]r[mpnf a&mufovm;}
]r[mpnfuawmY i,fi,fu oDwif;ok;H azmfawG vkyaf e
wmudk aqG;aEG;wmeJY odNy;D jzpfaevdYk roGm;awmYb;l / tnmu pGe;f
vGe;f vnf; onfvykd }J
(q) oJtif;*lq&mawmfw&m;ESiYf wdu k q f ikd af qG;aEG;csupf um;

]aemuf-b,foleJYawGUvJ}
]oJtif;*l? rd;k ndek YJ oHvsiaf wm&wdu Yk kd awGUygw,f}
]oJtif;*lu b,fvv kd }J
]q&mawmfu &dyo f mrSm ½Srd aebl;/ tJonfrmS w&m;aumif;
178 ÓPuxm
w,f-vdYk av;pm;cH&wJY oDv½Sif racrmudyk J awGUqkaH r;jref;&w,f}

]bmawG awGU&ovJ}
]ud,
k çf pdwaf ysmufomG ;wJt
Y cg awGU&wJtY jzpftrsKd ;rs}-Kd ; ajym
wmudk emMum;cJ&Y w,f-vdYk rSw, f rl yd gw,f/ oabmaumif;ygw,f/
olvnf; ]tm½kçH tm&r®Pu d ESp0f vk;H aysmufwmrSm ed*;Hk csKyw
f mudyk J
awGU&ygw,f}
( Z) oHvsiaf wm&q&mawmfw&m;ESiYf wdu k qf ikd af qG;aEG;cufpum;

]oHvsifawm&ua&m}
]oHvsiu f awmY ar;jref;cGijYf yKzYkd awmif;wJt Y cg wynfh OD;
yOÆi;f wpfyg;eJY vTaJ y;ygw,f}
]olu bmajymvJ}
]rD;wdik Mf unf&Y if; rD;wdik af ysmufomG ;wm}-udk ajymw,f/ ]½kyf
ysuf jrify}Hk -aygY}
]b,fvdkaqG;aEG;ao;vJ}
]½kyyf suv f Ykd onfvjkd zpfwmvm;? rsupf ad MumifY onfvjkd zpf
wmvm;-vdYk jyefar;cJw Y ,f}
]ol b,fvakd jzvJ}
]rsupf ad MumifY onfvjkd zpfwwfvm;}-vdYk jyefar;w,f}
]OD;ÓP b,fvakd jzvJ}
]rsupf [ d m wpfcck u k kd pduk Mf unfzh efrsm;vsif rjrifbJ jzpfyg
w,f? ud, k af wGUjzpfb;l ygw,f}-vdyYk /J ]'gawmU olrodb;l }-vdYk ½d;k om;
pGmyJ ajymygw,f/

ÓPuxm 179
( ps) q&mawmf½SifOuú|ESifY wdkufqdkifaqG;aEG;csufpum;

]aemuf a&mufwmawG ajymygOD;}
]q&mawmf½iS Of uú|(awmifwiG ;f Bu;D )eJY aMumifyef;wdyYk J ajym
&rSmygyJ}
]½SiOf uú|qDu bmawG emcJ&Y vJ}
]vlao vljzpf-yJ}
]tJ'gu w&m;[kwv f v Ykd m;}
]w&m;aygY bk&m;}
]bmw&m;vJ}
]½ky[f m Nrw
J ,faygY/ ½kyef YJ b0ul;r,f/ ½kyo f bm0t& vl
[maoNy;D vsif vlyjJ zpfr,f/ 'g[m olU&JU avmu'óeyJ}- r[kwf
ygvm;}
]bmawG jyefar;cJYao;vJ}
]vlaoNy;D rjzpfwm ½Sad o;vm;}-vdyYk }J
]bmajzvJ}
]½Sdw,f}-wJY}
]onfawmY OD;ÓPu bmajymvJ}
]rjzpfatmif bmvky&f rSmvJ}-vdyYk }J
]bmajzvJ}
]jzpf-ysuf½I}-wJY}
]b,fv½kd &I rSmvJ}-vdYk jyefar;awmY ]orkwo d pöm&JU jzpfçysuf
udk ½Icikd ;f wm} od&w,f/]onfjzpfçysuu f kd vlwikd ;f odNy;D jzpfNy;D vlwikd ;f
vlrjzpfbJ aeMurvm;-}ar;awmY ]r[kwb f ;l uG}-vdaYk jymNy;D Nird o
f mG ;

180 ÓPuxm
wmyJ}
(n) aMumifyef;q&mawmfw&m;ESiYf wdu k q f ikd af qG;aEG;csupf um;
]aMumifyef;eJYawGUwJYtaMumif; vkyfygOD;}
]aMumifyef;a&mufcsed rf mS aMumifyef;tBu;D tuJrsm; jzpfMu
wJY q&mawmfw?Ykd wdu k t
f yk rf sm; r½SMd ubl; jzpfaeygw,f/ 'gYaMumifY
pmcsay;aewJY q&mawmfukd ar;cGe;f wcsKd Uar;Ny;D aqG;aEG;&ygw,f/
rajyvnfvyS gbl;/ onftaMumif; wdu k t
f yk jf yefvmawmY ajymyk&H yg
w,f/ wdu k t
f yk uf wynfah wmfeYJ olUwynfw h csKd Uudk oifwef; o
abm jyygw,f}
]bmawGjyovJ}
]t'óeawm tm,EÅ?d b*Fg*päEÅ 'óeH? 0dZKÆ ygÜ 'g0 tm
umao? OyÜZEÆ dÅ 0,EÅd p--}qdw k YJ *gxmudk zGijYf y½Si;f vif;wmygyJ}
]tJ'gqdv k ckd suf vkypf rf;ygOD;}
]aumif;uifrmS vQypf ;D vufwm rjrif&&muvmNy;D ? rjrif&
&mqD ysuNf y;D oGm;ovdk jzpfMuçysuMf uw,f}-vdyYk gyJ bk&m;}
]jyefar;cGiYf &ao;vm;}
]tJonfaeYuawmY jyNyD;odrf;oGm;w,f/ aemufaeYrSm olY
ausmif;uav;ay:udk ESpfa,mufcsif;yJ ac:awGUygw,f/ wum
{nfoh nf wpfa,mufvnf; ½Sw d ,f}
]olu bmajymvJ}
]raeYu a[majymydcYk scsu[ f m waeYu wdu k Mf uyfuakd r;xm;
wJY ar;cGef;awG ajy&JUvm;}-vdkYyJ/ ]rajyao;wJYtaMumif;} tcsuf
tvufwcsKd UjyNy;D wynfah wmfu ajymygw,f/ ]aumif;Ny?D 'gudak jzNy;D

ÓPuxm 181
pmwdu k u
f ae wynfah wmfxH ydaYk y;r,f}-vdYk wm0ef,v l u
kd yf gw,f/
(aemufawmY r&ygbl;)/ onfvakd jymwmudk OD;yOÆi;f awG? ud&k ifawG
u atmufab;em;u pdw0f ifwpm; em;axmifaeMuw,f/ wynfh
awmfqif;vmawmY olwdkYu wynfhawmfwnf;wJYausmif;udk wynfh
awmfeJYtwl vdkufvmMuw,f/ olwdkYu ar;cGef;awG wpfa,muf
wpfrsdK;yJ wynfhawmfudk ar;Muw,f}
]olwu Ykd OD;ÓPudk rauseyfMubl; xifw,f/
]tJonfyyHk gyJ/ wynfah wmfu olwu Ykd kd ajym&w,f/ ]onfvkd
0dik ;f rar;MuygeJ/Y wynfah wmfu aMumufwwfygw,f/ igY½iS w f t
Ykd xJ
u wpfa,mufuyJ tm;vk;H ajymcsiw f pYJ um;udk wm0ef,Nl y;D ajymwm
udk vkyyf g/ wpfa,mufeyYJ J ajymyg&ap/ wpfa,mufxu G af y;yg}-
vdYk wynfah wmfu awmif;qdv k u kd w
f ,f}
]olwx Ykd u
J ay;Muvm;}
]wm0ef,al jymzdYk wpfa,mufwikd ;f u 0efav;aeMuw,f/
enf;enf;avmufnNd§ y;D wynfah wmfukd olwjYkd yefajymMuw,f/] yXr
q&mawmfBu;D vufxufu ½Scd w YJ YJ uyÜ, d Bu;D [m? onfaeY wwd,
q&mawmfvufxufwikd af tmif ½Sad eao;w,f/ olu olUwJuav;
eJY q&mawmfBu;D &JU pH&m wJausmif;Bu;D em;rSm aew,f/ olUqD ac:
oGm;csiw f ,f-vdYk ajymMuw,f}
]OD;ÓP vufcHvdkufovm;}
]vufcHNyD; vdkufoGm;ygw,f}
]uyÜd,BuD;u bmajymovJ}
]OD;Zif;av;awGu wynfah wmfeYJ rdwq f ufay;wm vkyyf g

182 ÓPuxm
w,f/ wynfah wmfu uyÜ, d Bu;D udk olow d w

YJ &m;udk wynfah wmfod
w,fvYkd odomG ;apEdik w f YJ ynmpum;vk;H uav;eJY wkjYH yefNy;D rdwaf qG
tjzpfukd vufcjH yvdu k yf gw,f}
]ynmpum;vkH;qdkwm b,fvdk[mvJ}
]tjzpftrsKd ;rsKd ;awG[m Munfo h al MumifoY m jzpf&wm}- qdw k YJ
oabm½Sw d YJ pum;vk;H aygY bk&m;}
]onfawmY olu bmajymvJ}
]ol bmrSrajym&bl;/ OD;Zif;av;awGu ajymMuw,f/
onfbek ;f Bu;D udk uyÜ, d Bu;D u w&m;aqG;aEG;ay;apcsiw f ,f/ tJ'g
udk olwvYkd nf; Mum;csiv f yYkd g-vdYk awmif;qdMk uw,f/]onfvb kd ek ;f Bu;D
qDuom w&m;em&rSm jzpfw,f/ olu bmrSaqG;aEG;jyaep&m
r[kwb f ;l }-vdYk ajymw,f}
]onfvekd YJ olwq Ykd ifwyYJ JG ysuaf &mvm;}
]ysu&f NyaD ygY bk&m;}
]aemufxyf tJonfrSm bmqufvkyfao;vJ}
]aewmvnf; ok;H çav;&ufMumoGm;NyrD Ykd wynfah wmf jyefcyYJ g
w,f}
( #) ,aeYy#dywf ½ly'óersm;aeaMumif; pum;

]OD;ÓPu olwdkYçolwdkYawGqDu bmudk½SmaewmvJ}
]wynfah wmf&aewm bk&m;&JUw&m; [kwo f vm;}-qdw
k m
&,f? ]bk&mYw&m;[m b,f[mvJ}-qdkwm&,faygY bk&m;}
]awGU&vm;}

ÓPuxm 183
]wynfah wmf &aewm[m bk&m;&JUw&m; r[kwb f ;l qdw

k m
udk ausmufoabFma&mufNyD;awmY wynfhawmf od&w,f}? 'gayrJY
bk&m;&JUw&m;uawmY rawGU&ao;bl;}
]'gawG[m bk&m;&JUw&m;awG r[kwb f ;l vm;}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]bmYaMumifY ajymEdik w f mvJ}
]'gawG[m wynfhawmf&wJYw&m;awGeJY twlwlawGcsnf;
jzpfwm od&vdyYk gyJ}
]b,fvw kd w l mvJ- vkyyf gOD;}
]tm½kw H pfcrk mS pdww f nfatmifvyk w f m&,f? tm½kaH wGr½Sw d YJ
ae&mudk jrifatmifvyk w f m&,f? onfEpS cf [k m wynfah wmfocd zYJ ;l wJY
t&mESpcf yk /J tm;vk;H [mvnf; onfEpS cf t k jyifbuf rxGuMf uyJ}-
wlwmygyJ}
]onfvq kd v kd sif 'gawGukd bmawGvYkd OD;ÓP rSw, f Nl y;D NyD
vm;}
]Ny;D ygNyD bk&m;}
]tJ'gvkyyf gOD;/ ta&;Bu;D ygw,f}
]onftaMumif;u ½Snfvsm;r,fbk&m;}
]½Sncf sif ½Snyf gap? ajymyg}
]tm½kw H pfcrk mS pdww f nfatmifvyk w f YJ w&m;[m ½lyw&m;?
tm½kaH wGukd t½Srd t YJ jzpfa&mufatmif vkyw f mu t½lyw&m;}-awG
yg bk&m;}

184 ÓPuxm
]'gudk OD;ÓP b,fvv kd yk o

f o
d vJ}
]wynfah wmf ok;H oyfqifjcifygw,f}
]okH;oyfqifjcifw,f}-qdkwm awG;awmwmudk ajymwm
vm;}
]awG;awm}-qdw k mxJrmS ygrSmygyJ/ 'gayrJ-Y }
]'gayrJYu bmvJ}
]awG;awmw,f}-qdw k mu taMumif;&if;cHtcsuaf wG BuKd
wGucf suf qufpyfMunfw h mvnf; ygr,f/ awmifpOfa&r& ajymcsif
&majym tawmrowf pdwv f iG aYf ewmvnf; ygr,faygY bk&m;}
]ok;H oyfqifjcifw,f}-qdw k mu ]awG;awm&JU aemufwpfyikd ;f
rygEdik bf ;l aygY}? [kwv f m;- em;vnfygNy}D
]tJonfvykd g bk&m;}
]ok;H oyfqifjcifyHk vkyyf gOD;}
]tm½kw H pfcrk mS pdwu f wkd nfaeatmif vkyw f m[m pdwf
rul;atmif}- vkyfwmyJ}
][kwfw,f}
]pdw[ f m ypöKyeÜ t f m½kw H pfcu k o
kd vd sif twdwef rd w d af umuf
wJpY w
d af wG ay:atmif ul;&w,f}
][kwfvm;}
][kwyf gw,f/ypöKyeÜ t f m½kw H pfco k Nd y;D twdwef rd w
d rf aumuf
vsif tJonfypöKyÜeftm½kHudk bmt"dyÜg,frS razmfwwfjzpfNyD;?
aumif;çqdk;ESpfyg;vnf; rcGJjcm;wwfbl;}
]ypöKyeÜ tf m½ku
H kd pdwu f od½eHk YJ aumif;qd;k rcGjJ cm;wwfb;l }-

ÓPuxm 185
aygY}
][kwyf gw,f/ 'gaMumifY pdw[ f m tm½kw H pfcak wG;vsif t
"dygÜ ,fazmfEikd zf t
Ykd wGuf ]ul;&}-ygw,f}
]tm&kt H "dygÜ ,f[m olt Y vdvk kd ray:bl;/ pdwu f ;l rS ay:w,f
aygY}
][kwyf gw,f/ ]w&m;avYvmol[m tJonftm½ku H ay:wJY
t"dyÜg,fawGudk aMumuf½GHUpufqkwfaeolawG}- jzpfygw,f}
]oHa0*&aeol qdw k maygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfoal wGu onft"dygÜ ,fawGukd bmYaMumifY aMumuf
½GHUpufqkwf&ovJ}
]onft"dygÜ ,fawGu olwu Ykd kd n§Kd UjrL§ wm? ajcmufveS w Yf mawG
vkyfw,f}-xifvdkYaygY q&mawmf}
]at;- [kww f ,f/ umr*kPt f m½kaH wG jzpfvyYkd }J
]tJonfawmY olwu Ykd tJonftm½kaH wGukd rvdv k m;bl;/
'gawGr½Srd S at;rSm-vdYk rSw, f Ml uw,f}
]onftm½kaH wGu ½ke;f uefzUkd rvG,b f ;l r[kwv f m;}
]onfawmY onftm½kaH wGu vGwaf jrmufzq Ykd vkd sif pdwu f kd
ypöKyÜefrSmyJ xm;rS twdwfedrdwfaumufwJY pdwful;awGrvkyfrSvdkY
odMuw,f/ 'gYaMumifY pdwu f kd tm½kw H pfcw k nf;rSmwnfatmif xm;
MuwmaygY/ pdwu f kd onfvx kd m;vsif pdw[ f m y&rw¬w&m;ay:rSm
yJ aeygw,f/ ynwf ray:ygbl;}
]'gaMumifY y&rwfjrifvsif edAmÁ ef0if? ynwfuif;pif edAmÁ ef

186 ÓPuxm
0if}-ajymMuwmawGvm;}
][kwyf gw,f/ ]pdwu f kd ypöKyeÜ w
f nfw h nfx h m;vsif y&rwfyJ
awGU&ygw,f/ ynwfr0ifawmYygbl;/ ynwfjrifrS umr*kPjf zpfwm
yJ/ umr*kPu f vGeaf jrmufawmY edAmÁ ef0ifw,fyJ xif&awmYwmaygY}
]wu,fvnf; edAmÁ ef0ifwm r[kwb f ;l vm;}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]bmjzpfwmvJ}
]½lypsmef 0ifwmyg}
]b,fvakd MumifY ½lypsmef-vdYk ajymEdik w f mvJ}
]tqif;? toH? teH?Y t&om? tawGUtm½kaH wG[m ½kyt f m½kH
awGyg/ tJonftm½kaH wGrmS pdwu f kd wnfatmifxm;wmyJ/ wnf
atmifxm;wJpY w d u f kd ]psmef}-vdaYk c:ygw,f/ ½kyt f m½kaH y:rSm wnf
atmifxm;wJYpdwfudkawmY ]½kyfpsmefpdwf}-aygY}
]½lay t0p&wDwd ½lyg0p&H}-qdw k pYJ um;eJaY wmY tnDom;}
][kwyf gw,f/ umrpdwq f wkd mvnf; umrtm½krH mS usuf
pm;wJpY w d uf kd ac:wmyJ/ t½lytm½kçH avmukw&å mtm½krH mS usupf m;
wJpY w
d af wGvnf; t½lypdw?f avmukw&å mpdwf ac:wmygyJ}
]'gawG pmoifwek ;f u odwmvm;}
]pmoifwek ;f u umrç½lyçt½lytm½kaH wGvo Ykd m ok;H cJ&Y wm
b,fvdk[mawGvdkY teufrxifygbl;}
]tckrS b,fvv kd yk Nf y;D odwmvJ}
]ud,k wf ikd u
f ½lyçt½lypdwaf wGjzpfawmY 'gawGu bmawG
wke;f ? 'gawG[m ½d;k ½d;k jzpfaeuspw d vf nf; r[kwb f ;l -qdv k sif bmpdwf

ÓPuxm 187
awGv-J ppfvYkd odwmyJ}

]tm½kw H pfcrk mS wnfaewJpY w d u f kd ½lypdw-f vdYk ajymEdik w
f YJ w
jcm;tcsuf ½Sdao;vm;}
]½Syd gw,f q&mawmf}
]vkyfprf;ygOD;}
]½ky½f o I [l m bmudrk ek ;f ovJ-qdv k sif ]onm}-udk rke;f w,f
ajz&rSmyg/ ½lypdw[ f m ]onm0d&m*} jzpfygw,f/
]at;-Mum;zl;w,f}
]pdw[ f m ypöKyeÜ t f m½krH mS raebJ? pdwu f ;l r,fqv kd sif twdwf
tm½kuH kd yXr ,l&wmyJ/ twdwt f m½k[H m trSwo f nmyJ/ ypöKyeÜ &f UJ
qefuY sib f uf[m twdwçf tem*wfy/J y&rwf&UJ qefu Y sibf uf[m
]twdwfonm}-yg/ ½kyf½Iol[m ypöKyÜeftm½kHrSmaerS ½kyfawGUr,f/
twdwo f nmazmfvsif ]ynwf}-awGUr,f/ 'gaMumifY ½ky½f o I l ½GrH ek ;f wJY
t&m[m ]ul;}-vdYk ac:wJ?Y ]twdwo f nmazmfr}I -yJ}
][kwfwmyJ}
]onftcsu[ f mvnf; tm½kw H pfcrk mS pdww f nfatmifvyk f
wJYvkyfief;[m ]½lypdfwf}-jzpfaMumif; aemufxyf odomwJYtcsuf
jzpfygw,f}
]onfpw d [f m ½lypdwjf zpfaMumif; odomwJt Y csurf sm; ½Sd
ao;vm;}
]½Syd gw,f q&mawmf}
]vkyfprf;ygOD;}
]pdwu f kd tm½kw H pfcrk mS wnfaeatmif xm;zefrsm;vsif tm½kH

188 ÓPuxm
awG[m yko H P²mefray:bJ tm½Ht k wdik ;f aeNy;D ? bmt"dygÜ ,frS rxGuf

wJY tcg? onftm½ku H kd ½Ioal wGuvnf; bmt"dygÜ ,frS ray:wJY
tjzpf a&mufvmw,f/ tJonftcgrSm ud, k u Yf , kd uf vkd nf; bmrS
rodwt YJ jzpf a&mufvmw,f/ tJ'guawmY pdwu f kd tm½kw H pfcrk mS
wnfaeatmifvkyfvdkY&wm&JU txG#ftxdyfyJ}
]0ef;usiu f kd t"dygÜ ,frazmfwwfwmwif r[kwb f ?J ud, k Yf
ud, k uf v kd nf; t"dygÜ ,frazmfwwfwm jzpfvmw,faygY}
][kwyf gw,f/ tJonfvjkd zpfvmwm[m ]trSwo f nmtm;
vk;H rJoY mG ;wmyg/ tJonfou l kd ]tonowå}-vdYk ajym&ygw,f/
]onmtrSwfrJYwJY(owå0g)yk*¾dKvf}-ygyJ}
]'g rvGrJ aoG jzpfrmS vm;}
][kwyf gw,f/ 'gawG[m pdwu f kd tm½kw H pfcrk mS wnfae
atmifvyk w f m&JU ½lypdwjf zpfwt YJ aMumif; taxmuftxm; wpf
csuyf gyJ}
]onfpw d [f m ½lypdwjf zpfwYJ taMumif;? aemufxyfrsm; bm
taxmuftxm;awG ½Sdao;ovJ}
]trsm;BuD;½Sdygao;w,f q&mawmf}
][m-[kwv f m;? enf;enf;pD ajymygOD;}
]onfpw d jf zpfaewJt Y csed rf mS vdipf w d rf ½Sb d ;l }
][kwfwmaygY}
]vdipf w
d rf ½Sod rl mS £w¬b d m0? ykrmÇ 0qdw k YJ bm0½kyaf wGvnf;
rjzpfb;l / tJonfo[ l m a,musmf ;tjzpf? rde;f rtjzpfqw kd YJ a,m
usmf ;? rde;f r trlt&m? toGi?f vu©Pm? edrw d ?f oP²mefawG r½Sd

ÓPuxm 189
ygbl;}
]tJonfpw
d f ½Sad eol[m a,musmf ;? rde;f r bmrSr[kwb
f ;l
aygY}
][kwyf gw,f/ tJonfpw d jf zpfaeol[m teH?Y t&om? t
awGUawGuckd , H w
l YJ tm½kcH t H *FgawGvnf; csKd UwJaY ew,f/ 'gaMumifY
onfpdwfjzpfaeol[m teHY? t&om? tawGUawGudk rodbl;}
][kwfygYrvm;}
]aoaocsmcsm qifjcifMunfv h sif odomygw,f/ tenf;qk;H
avYvm&rSmu ud, k aYf jcvufawG b,fvx kd m;vdYk b,fvakd ew,fqkd
wm rodwm awGU&zdkY½Sdw,f}
]tJ'gawmY owdxm;rdw,f}
]onftcsuaf wG[m ½lypdwaf wG jzpfay:olawGrmS ½Sw d YJ t
csuaf wG jzpfygw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]'gaMumifY pdwu f kd tm½kwH pfcrk mS wnfaeatmifxm;vdUk jzpf
yGm;wJpY w
d [f m ½lypdwf jzpfygw,f}
]'g od&wm? aus;Zl;rsm;ygw,f/ t½lypdwt f aMumif; quf
Ny;D odyg&apOD;}
]orkwdopömudk acszsufwm ½lyjzpfygw,f/ tJonfvdk
acszsuaf wmY ½ly[m y&rw¬awGukd jrifygw,f}
][kwfygw,f}

190 ÓPuxm
( X) y&rw¬acszsuw f m t½ly'óejzpfaMumif; pum;

]y&rw¬awGukd acszsuw f muawmY t½ly jzpfygw,f}
]y&rw¬udk b,fvdkacszsufovJ}
]tqif;? toH? teH?Y t&om? tawGU tm½kaH wG[m ]½ky}f -
awGygyJ}
][kwfw,f}
]tJonftm½kaH wGukd ppfaq;w,f/ onf½yk af wG[m wpfck
udw k pfck trSo D [JjyK? aygif;pyf pkpnf;&rS wnf½EdS ikd w f m jzpfw,f/
yx0DpwJY "mwfBu;D awG r½Sb d ?J tqif; tp½Sw d mawG[m rwnf
½SEd ikd b
f ;l / onfvkd ppfaq;wJt Y cg y&rwf½yk af wGvnf; txnfj'yf
r&yfwnfEikd jf zpfNy;D ? tmumo aygufomG ;&w,f}
]b,fvv kd ?J onfx
h uf½iS ;f atmif vkypf rf;ygOD;}
]tqif;½kyf qdkygawmYbk&m;}
][kwfNyD}
]tqif;[m tvif;r½Sv d sif rjzpfEikd bf ;l }
]at;-}
]tvif;[m tyl½yk (f awaZm)aygY}
][kwfNyD}
]awaZm[m vIyw f m½Srd S jzpfr,f}
][kwfwmaygY}
]vIyw
f m[m wGe;f wmçqGw J m ½Srd yS }J
]at;-aygY}

ÓPuxm 191
]wGe;f wmçqGw J m[mvnf;? Murf;wmçEkwm½Srd S jzpfr,f}

][kwfom;yJ}
]tqif;[m 'gawGeYJ pkaygif;pyfzUJG &rS ½Sw d m[m xifvmwm
aygY/ 'gawG wjcm;pDcv JG sif tqif;qdw k m b,fv&kd Edik rf vJ}
][kwfw,f/ udk,f-em;vnfNyD}
]onfawmY onftqif;[m wjcm;olukd taxmuftyHU
ay;aewJY ½kyaf wG? taMumif;pkv H Ykd aygif;qkMH uwke;f yJ jzpfa,mifçjzpf&yd f
ay:wmrQy/J taMumif;enf;vdYk taygif;uGw J meJY r½Sad wmYb;l / jzpf&yd f
jzpfa,mifawG aysmufomG ;&w,faygY}
][kwNf y/D onfawmY onf]½ky}f awG[m t½Sw d &m;awG r[kwf
bl;/ rjrif&&muvmNy;D ? rjrif&&moGm;wJY vQypf ;D vdjk zpfwYJ tjzpfç
tysufawGyJ}
]onf]½ky}f -awG[m t½Srd [kwb f ;l / orkww d &m;awGjzpfwYJ
igawG? ol-awGom t½Sw d &m;r[kww f m r[kwb f ;l / y&rwfw&m;
jzpfwYJ ]½ky}f -awGvnf; ]t½Sw d &m;r[kw}f wm awGy/J 'gaMumifY ]½ky}f -
awG[m ]tedp?ö 'ku?© tewå}awG jzpfw,f-vdYk jrifMuw,f}
]½ky}f -awGukd ]tedp?ö 'ku?© tewå}½Iwmqdak wmY ]0dyóem}
r[kwfbl;vm;}
]0dyóem jzpf-rjzpfawmY rodb;l / ]½kyaf wGr½Sw d m odwYJ
tjzpf}-a&mufwmawmY txift½Sm;yJ q&mawmf}
]½kyfawGr½Sdwm edAÁmefr[kwfbl;vm;}
]b,fuvm edAmÁ ef&rSmvJ q&mawmf/ tJ'g ]tmumo}-
yJ}

192 ÓPuxm
]tmumoqdkwm bmvJ}
]v[mjyif}-aygY/ bmrSr½Sb d ;l aygY q&mawmf}
]bmrSr½Sdwm[m v[mjyiftmumowJYvm;}
]rjzpfçrysufwJYt&m}-aygY q&mawmf}
]tmumo[m rjzpfçrysufwJYt&m}-vm;}
]tmumo[m-b,ftaMumif;aMumifrY S jzpfwmr[kwb f ;l ?
b,ftaMumif;aMumifYrSvnf; rysufbl;}
]at;- [kwo f m;yJ}
]'gaMumifY tmumo[m teEÅw&m; jzpfw,f/ tqk;H t
ydik ;f tjcm;r½Sw d w YJ &m; jzpfw,f-vdYk ajym&wJw Y &m;yJ}
]tmumo[m ]tqk;H tydik ;f tjcm;r½Sw d m} [kww
f myJ/ OD;
ÓPwGujf ywJY oabmawGu ½d;k ½d;k ayrJY aygYaygYqq r½Sb d ;l }
]onfvjkd rifwm[m ]½kyrf t YJ jrif}- jzpfygw,f/ onfvkd ]½yk rf YJ
jrifwJYpdwf[m t½lypdw}f - jzpfygw,f q&mawmf}
]'gaMumifY ]tmumoteEÅtjzpf½w I YJ w&m;[m t½ly
w&m;} jzpfawmYwmaygY? [kwv f m;}
][kwyf gw,f q&mawmf}
]'gawGukd OD;ÓP b,fvo kd w
d mvJ}
]ud, k vYf ufawGUjzpfwmawGukd oifMum;cJ&Y wJY oabmw&m;
awGen YJ Nd§ y;D teufazmfvYkd odwmygyJ}

ÓPuxm 193
( !) ½lyg½lyw&m;udk edAmÁ efvYkd ]rjrifb;l rl;-jrpfxifaMumif;} pum;

]olrsm;awGvnf; &aeMuwmyJ/ oifMum;csufawGvnf;
twlwyl /J olwu Ykd awmY 'gawG[m ]t½ly}-awGvYkd bmYaMumifrY od
wmvJ}
]tcsuEf pS cf suaf MumifY jzpf&ygw,f q&mawmf}
]yXrtcsuu f b,fvv kd }J
]ud,k -f &xm;wmeJY ud, k -f pGvJ ef;Ny;D txifBu;D oGm;-vdyYk gyJ}
]'kwd,tcsufuaum}
]'kw, d wpfcsuu f oifMum;cJ&Y wJpY mayawGukd teufazmf
Munfzh Ykd vdt
k yfw,f rxifjzpfNy;D ? azmfrMunfw h maMumifY teufray:
vdyYk J jzpfygw,f}
]b,fvv kd -J vkyyf gOD;}
]½lyg½ly psmefpw d af wGukd pmayu zGijYf yxm;wJt Y wdik ;f rod
bJ vufcv H u kd Nf y;D ? trSet f uefteuft"dygÜ ,fukd ud, k w f ikd f ½SmazG
rMunfhvdkYygyJ}
]OD;ÓPu olwjYkd zpfwYJ tcsuEf pS cf suf bmaMumifrY jzpfwm
vJ}
]½Si;f ygw,f q&mawmf}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]wynfah wmfu olrsm;awGeYJ tawmfBu;D jcm;em;ygw,f}
]uHç ÓPfç 0D&d,awG ydkaumif;vdkYvm;}
]r[kwyf gbl; q&mawmf/ 'gawG[m olwaYkd jczsm;awmif
rSaD umif;rSrrDS ,f xifygw,f}
194 ÓPuxm
]bmawG jcm;em;wmvJ}
]wynfah wmfu onfw&m;awG &cJw Y m[m edAmÁ efçr*fçzdv k f
w&m;awGu½kd mS &if; &cJw Y m r[kwyf gbl;}
]tif;-}
]olrsm;awGu edAmÁ efçr*fçzdv k ½f mS &if; onf½yl g½lyw&m;awGukd
&cJYMuwmawGyJ}
][kwfw,f}
]onfawmY ½lyg½lyawGukd awGUNyq D v kd siyf J ud,
k ½f mS wJw
Y &m;
awGUwm-vdYk xifrrd mS yJ}
]tif;-}
]w&m;½SmolawGow d mu umrw&m; wpfcw k nf;yJ jzpf
w,f/ ½lyg½lyawGukd odNy;D om;r½SMd ubl; q&mawmf}
][kwfw,f}
]ud, k ½f mS wJw
Y &m;&JUtusKd ;uvnf; umr*kPt f m½kaH wG&UJ qGJ
jrL§ nIUd iifc&H rIu vGwzf Ykd jzpfaew,f}
]at;-}
]½lyg½lyw&m;awG &vsiv f nf; umr*kPt f m½kaH wG&UJ qGjJ rL§
n§Kd Uiifc&H rIu vGww f myJ}
][kwfwmyJ}
]onfawmY ]rjrifb;l rl; jrpfxif}qdw k mvdk ud, k &f wJY ½lyg½ly
udyk J w&m;xl;udak wmY ig&cJNY y-D vdYk t"drmeawG 0ifNy;D ? ig-&wm[m
r*fçzdkvfçedAÁmeftppfyJ/ b,folYrS ar;zdkYrvdkbl;? igYudk,fawGUqdkNyD;
txifBuD;NyD; ]tpGJ}-0ifoGm;ygw,f}
]olwu Ykd w&m;ud?k ud, k [ Yf m-vdYk tpG0J ifomG ;wmud;k }
ÓPuxm 195

]OD;ÓPu onftpGJ bmaMumifY r0ifwmvJ}
]wynfah wmfu w&m;r½Smygbl;/ w&m;vnf; vdck siaf umif;
rSe;f rodygbl;/ r*fçzdv k ef Ad mÁ ef[m ud, k ef w YJ efwtYJ &mvdaYk wmif rxif
cJyY gbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]ud,k uf rIerf mT ;rTm;uav; ½Sad o;w,f- xifvyYkd gyJ}
]rvdck sib f J ]½Iw&m;}-awGukd bmaMumifY tm;xkww f mvJ}
]w&m;}-vdx Yk ifNy;D tm;xkww f m r[kwb f ?J pdwef u
YJ ,
kd f uGaJ e
wm wGv J mrvm;-vdYk tm;xkww f mygyJ}
]OD;ÓPu r*fçzdv k çf edAmÁ ef &aumif;apqdNk y;D tm;xkww f m
r[kwfbl;aygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]½lyw&m;&awmY bmaMumifY qE´rjynfw h mvJ}
]tJonfw&m;u tm;xkw&f wmvnf; yifyef;w,f/ &wm
Bu;D u ud, k v f ckd siw
f m r[kwb f ;l }
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]olawG? ud, k af wG r½Sw d mBu;D bJ}
]'gudk bmjzpfvYkd rvdck siw f mvJ}
]r½Swd m} bmtok;H usrmS rSwv f yYkd -J q&mawmf/ b,fvckd siyf gY
rvJ}
]OD;ÓPvdck siw f m pdwef u YJ , kd f ruGb J J at;csr;f pGm aecsif
wm? [kwfvm;}

196 ÓPuxm
][kwfygw,f}
]onfawmY 'gudk rvkyaf wmYb;l aygY}
]'gudak vQmv Y u kd af wmY ÓPfawG½iT af ew,f/ ]pdw&f UJ jzpfNy;D
r½Swd aYJ e&m}-udk awGUwmygyJ/ onfrmS ]pdwv f nf; Nird o
f mG ;ygw,f}
]'gu olzY momoljzpfwm ajym&rvm;}
][kwyf gw,f/ bmrS txl;tm;xkww f m r[kwb f ?J todrmS
olzY momol xifvmwmyg}
]'gudk oabmusovm;}
]bmYaMumifYoabmuswmvJ}
]tcsufESpfcsufaMumifYygyJ}
]yXrtcsuu f bmvJ}
]tm;pdu k xf w k &f wm r½Sw d mygyJ}
]'kwd,uaum}
]pdwf Nird 0f yfomG ;vdyYk gyJ}
]'gudk w&m;&w,f-vdYk rrSwb f ;l aygY}
]tprSm rrSwyf gbl;}
]bmvdkY rSwfovJ}
]wynfhawmfudkay;rnfY ab;&efawGu cdkatmif;&m vkdPf
acgif;Bu;D vdYk atmufarYygw,f}
]vkP
d af cgif;eJY wlvv Ykd m;? wifpm;wmvm;}
]wlygw,f? vdP k af cgif;Bu;D [m rysub f J xm0&½Sad eovd?k
tJ'guvnf; rysub f J xm0&½Sad ewJt Y &mjzpfw,f-vdYk od&wm[m

ÓPuxm 197
wlwmygyJ}
]aemufawmY 'gBu;D udk ]w&m;&wm}vdYk bmYaMumifY xifomG ;
ovJ}
]olt Y usKd ;qufawGu vlukd tawmfBu;D ajymif;vJomG ;cJv Y Ykd
ygyJ}
]b,favmuf ajymif;vJvdkYvJ}
]ud,k o f xd m;wJY w&m;&ol&UJ vu©PmawG jzpfNy-D vdYk od&wJY
txd ajymif;vJygw,f}
]onfvq kd kd ]onfw&m;udk bmYaMumifY rpGv J ef;wmvJ}
]ud, k u f ½Iwmvnf; r[kwb f ;l / tm;xkww f mvnf; r[kwf
bl;/ onfvekd YJ w&m;u &Edik w f ,fqw kd mvnf; rxif&v J yYkd gyJ}
]w&m;&wm [kww f ,fçr[kwb f ;l - rcGEJ ikd jf zpfaeawmY pGt J m;
ysuo f mG ;wmaygY? [kwv f m;}
][kwyf gw,f q&mawmf/ onftcsu[ f m w&m;&olqo kd l
awG w&m;udk pGv J ef;Muovd?k wynfah wmf rpGv J ef;wJt Y csuyf gyJ}
]'g [kwyf gNy/D olrsm;awGjzpfovdk ud, k w Yf &m; ud, k rf pdppfbJ
aewmrsKd ; rjzpfwmu bmYaMumifv Y }J
]wynfah wmfu ud, k wYf &m;ud, k f txifrBu;D ? rpGv J ef;awmY
ig-&wm w&m;[kw&f UJ vm;? [kwv f sif olrsm;&wJw Y &m;eJY wlvrd Yf
r,f/ olrsm;awG&wJw Y &m;awGukd vdu k Mf unfrh ,f-vdYk vkycf yYJ gw,f}
]onfawmY-}
]w&m;&Muw,f-qdw k mawG[m ykt H rsKd ;rsKd ;jzpfwmudk awGU&
Ny;D ? w&m;qdv k sif wpfcw k nf; wl&r,f/ bmYaMumifY rwlovJ? ig-

198 ÓPuxm
&wmuvnf; w&m;-vdYk ajym&atmif t*FgeJrY nDwmudk awGU&w,f/

tm;vk;H &aeMuwmawG[m w&m;awmY r[kwEf ikd b f ;l / bmawG &
aeMuwmvJ- onfar;cGe;f awGukd tajz½SmawmY oifMum;csuaf wG
udk tok;H csNy;D ? vufawGUeJY aygif;pyfrw d myg q&mawmf}
]OD;ÓPu ud, k &f w,fxifwYJ w&m;udk ]w&m;r[kwb f ;l }-
vdYk todaygufomG ;vdYk w&m;udk pdppfrw d maygY? [kwv f m;}
][kwyf gw,f q&mawmf/ taumifBu;D awGUNy;D rS ajc&mcH&
wmqdak wmY ajc&mcH&wm[m rcufawmYb;l aygY}
]vGrJ mS ;Ny;D jyxm;wmawGukd taumifjrifNy;D olu rvGaJ tmif
aumufEdkifw,faygY}
][kwyf gw,f q&mawmf/ ½lyg½ly t&aumufcsuaf wG[m
rodbJ Mum;zl;em;0eJY jycsuaf wG trsm;tjym;ygyJ}
]'gawGu bk&m;a[m r[kwb f ;l vm;}
]r[kwyf gbl;/ ]bk&m;u ½lyg½lyudk ra[mygbl;}? onfw&m;
awGudk jyMuwm[m aemufvlawGu Mum;zl;em;0 jyMuwmawG
jzpfygw,f}
]b,fvkd vGjJ ywmvJ}
]psmefqw kd m rd;k ysw
H mvdrk sKd ; jycsuaf wGaygY q&mawmf}
]wjcm; bm½Sad o;vJ}
]wefc;kd qdw k mu wu,fjzpfwmqdw k mrsKd ;vnf; ygwmaygY}
]wefc;kd u wu,fjzpfwm r[kwb f ;l vm;}
]wu,fjzpfw,fxifatmif n§Kd UEdik w f pYJ w
d t
f pGr;f aygY q&m
awmf}

ÓPuxm 199
]onfvdkawGvm;}
]onfvakd wGaMumifY oifMum;csu&f MuayrJv Y nf; ½lyg½lyudk
rodMubl;}
]oifMum;csuu f u
kd odou l oifMum;ay;cJw Y m r[kwv f aYkd ygY
aemf}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gaMumifY olw&Ykd wJw Y &m;awGukd ½lyg½lyvu©PmawG 0ifNy;D
½lyg½lypsmefawG jzpfaeayrJY rodMuwmaygY ? [kwv f m;-}
][kwyf gw,f q&mawmf/
]OD;ÓPajymwmawG[m em;rvnfp&m rygayrJ?Y av;euf
rI tjynf½h ydS gw,f}
]½lyg½ly[m em;rvnfp&m rygayrJ?Y em;vnfol r½SMd uygbl;
q&mawmf}
][kwrf mS yJ/ t½lyawGukd t½lyjzpfwt YJ aMumif; taxmuf
txm;uav;rsm; cdkifrm&JUvm;}
]tcdkiftrm½Sdygw,f q&mawmf}
]enf;enf;od&atmif vkyyf gOD;}
]tmumoudk teEÅtjzpfjrifwJYpdwf½Sdol t½lyyk*¾dKvf[m
]½ky}f -udpk ufqyk ½f ½HG mS ESv;Hk emygw,f/ ]½ly0d&m*}-jzpfw,faygY bk&m;}
]Mum;zl;w,f}
]t½lyyk*¾dKvfrSm emrfoufouf½Sdw,f-vdkY Mum;zl;rSmygyJ/
t½ly&JU tjrifYqkH;yk*¾dKvf[m ]bmrSr½Sdbl;}-vdkY odaewJYpdwfudk
tjrwfqkH;? tNidrfqkH;-vdkYyJ cH,loljzpfawmY olYrSm onfonmyJ½SdNyD;?

200 ÓPuxm
wjcm;onm bmrSr½Sad wmYvYkd ]ae0onm emonmyk*Kd¾ v}f vdYk ac:

w,f? 'gaMumifY olt Y m½krH mS emrfy½J vdS Ykd emrfoufoufy*k Kd¾ vf ajym&
wmyJ/ olrY mS emrfoufoufcsn;f yJ½w dS m r[kwb f ;l }
]tonowfvnf; onfvdkyJaygY}
][kwyf gw,f/ olrY mS onmr½Sv d Ykd ]tonowf}ac:&wm/
½kyof ufoufyJ olrY mS ½Sv d Ykd emrfrw
YJ ,fqw kd m r[kwb f ;l / olrY mS emrf
vnf;½SdwmyJ}
]t½lyyk*¾dKvfawG[m umruvnf; vGefajrmufwmaygY/
]½ky}f -uawmif vGeaf jrmufwmyJ[m}
][kwyf gw,f/ tmumo ½IaerSawmY bmudk cspçf rke;f xdcu kd f
aervJ q&mawmf}
]t&lypdw½f o dS al wG[m jyify tm½kcH t H *FgcsKd UwJwY ,f-qdw k m
aum b,fvv kd }J
]csKd UNyaD ygY bk&m;/ tm½kaH wGukd tm½kt H jzpfrS rcH,l rodjrif
awmYwmyJ}
]olwv Ykd nf; bm0csKd UaeNy-D qdw k maum}
]aocsmwmaygY bk&m;/ olwdkYqDrSm usm;çr toGiftjyif
tjcif;t&m? tm½kH? edrdwf? okOf;qdwfaewm awGU&rSmygyJ}
]olw[ Ykd m ]&yfjypf½pS yf g;}-0ifwmrSmaum}
]0ifNyaD ygY q&mawmf}
]vkyfprf;ygOD;}

ÓPuxm 201
( ¡) ½lyg½lyorm;awG uHvufrcHvYkd ed,wrdpmä 'd|jd zpfaMumif;

pum;
]½lyg½ly ESp0f aomyk*Kd¾ vaf wG[m yk*Kd¾ vçf owå0gçolçig-qdw k YJ
orkwad wGukd vufrcHawmYb;l yJ}
][kwfw,f}
]taumifawG jiif;qefoal wG[m taumifawG&UJ tjyKtrl
trIupd aö wGukd vufrcHawmYb;l yJ}
]tif;-}
]uH}-qdkwm onfolawG&JU ]apwemygwJY um,ç0pDçraem
trIawG&UJ emrnf}-yJ}
][kwfwmaygY}
]onfawmY ]uH}-udv k nf; vufcv H Ykd r&awmYb;l aygY}
]tif;-}
]uH&UJ taMumif;w&m;jzpfwYJ ]udavom}-udak wmY vufcv H Ykd
ykNd y;D rjzpfawmYb;l aygY}
]uH}-vufrcHvsif ]uHtaMumif;}-usrS ]½Sw d ,f}-ajymvdYk r&
bl;aygY}
]uH}-vufrcHawmY uH&UJ tusKd ;]0dyguf}udv k nf; vufrcHawmY
bl;}
][kwfw,f}
]onfvkd ]uH&,f? uH&UJ taMumif;&,f? uH&UJ tusKd ;&,f}-udk
vufrcHwm ]y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fukd jiif;qdw
k m}- jzpfw,f}

202 ÓPuxm
]aMomf-}
]onf0g'awG[m ]tBu, d 0g'? ta[wku0g'? ew¬u d 0g'}
awGvYkd ac:wmyJ}
]at;-}
]onf0g'awG[m ]ed,wrdpmä 'd|}d -jzpfwYJ 0g'awGy}J
]ed,wrdpmä 'd|q d wkd m Mum;zl;w,f? t"dygÜ ,fu bmwJv Y }J
]NrNJ rwH t YJ jrifrmS ;}-vdYk t"dygÜ ,f &ygw,f}
]'g[m awmfawmfq;kd wJY rdpmä 'd|yd }J
]onftjrifrmS ; ½Sad eolawGu w&m;&zdYk rjzpfEikd b f ;l q&m
awmf}
]½lyg½lyw&m;awG[m aumif;wmawGvv kd ekd YJ awmfawmfq;kd
ygvm;}
]qd;k wmuawmY urf;ukeyf /J bk&m;yGiw Yf m[m olwt Ykd wGuf
bmrStusdK;r½SdwJY taetxm;xJuyJ}
]'gaMumifY onftjrif½o dS al wG[m &yfjypfxJ 0ifuek Mf uwm
udk;}
]olwu Ykd ]uHvufrcHwo YJ }l -awGy/J ]uH}-[m yk*Kd¾ vçf owå0g
awG&UJ trlt&m Bu, d mawGy/J onf trlt&mBu, d mawG[m 'g
awGujkd yKou l wåm;r½Sb d J jzpfv&Ykd wmrS r[kww f myJ}
]Bu, d m[m uwåm;eJY umvwl½&dS wm[m xk;H pHy}J
]uwåm;udk jiif;ypfawmY Bu, d mudk b,fvv kd ufcrH vJaygY}
]onfvq kd akd wmY olw[ Ykd m ukov kd çf tukov kd q f w
kd m½Srd mS r
[kwfawmYbl;aygY}

ÓPuxm 203
]olwu Ykd ajymw,f? olw[ Ykd m ukov kd çf tukov

kd q
f w kd m r½Sd
awmYb;l -wJ/Y olwu Ykd Bu, d meJyY J aew,faygY}
]'ge? oDvpwJY yknBu, d 0w¬KawGukd olwYkd vkyMf uao;vm;}
]rvkyb f ;l vdYk ajym&rSmyJ/ vkyv f nf; avmuaMumif;t&yJ
jzpfawmYw,f}
}b,fvdkvJ}
]apwemrygawmYbJ vkyw f ,faygY- q&mawmf}
]wu,f[kwf&JUvm;}
]olweYkd UJ qufqw H oYJ al wGuMkd unfY q&mawmf}
]b,fvdkawGU&rSmvJ}
]ausmufcaJ wG xdpyfaeovdjk zpfwm awGU&vdyYk }J
]ausmufcJcsif;awGUwm b,fvdkaevdkYvJ}
]tap;ruyfb;l aygY/ olwYkd vifom;? r,m;? om;orD;? rdb
aqGnm tm;vk;H tay:rSm olwUkd tap;ruyfb;l / olwu Ykd ruyf
awmY wpfbufoal wGuvnf; olwv Ykd ykd J ruyfb;l / ysuaf csmaf csmf
qufqHaewm awGU&w,f}
]onfvakd wG bmYaMumifjY zpf&wmvJ}
]vlwpfO;D eJw Y pfO;D qufqw H t
YJ cg rdbeJY om;orD;jzpfjzpf/
]uH}-udMk unfNh y;D qufq&H wmyg/ ]uH}[m um,?0pD?raemqdNk y;D jzpf
&mok;H ck ½Syd gw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]onfo;Hk ck aumif;rGev f sif qufqaH &; aumif;rGew f mygyJ/
raumif;vsif raumif;wmygyJ}

204 ÓPuxm
][kwfwmaygY}
]onfo;Hk ck aumif;rGerf u I kd rSeu
f efwqYJ ufqaH &;&JU &yfwnf
csujf zpfw,f-vd?Yk ]oDv}-vdYk ajym&ygw,f}
]aMomf-}
]onfov D [m ]0d&wDo;Hk yg;}-yJ jzpfygw,f}
]bmawGvJ}
]or®m0gpm? or®mur®E?Å or®mtmZD0wdaYk ygY}
]'g-oDvu©E¨r*¾ifokH;yg;yJ}
]olwrYkd mS onfw&m;awG r½Syd gbl;- q&mawmf}
]bk&mYw&m;udk usiw Yf t
YJ cgrSm onfov D u©Er¨ *¾iaf wG[m
vufO;D usi&Yf rnfh w&m;awGy}J
]tJ'gawGukd olwYkd rusiMYf uygbl;}
]olwdkUawmY usifYw,f-ajymrvm;ygyJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ q&mawmf}
]olw[ Ykd m rvdrb f ;l ? rcd;k bl;? tvdrk Bu;D bl;/ 'gaMumifY onf
oDvawG olwdkYusifYw,f ajymMurvm;yJ}
]olwUkd xifwm rrSeyf gbl; q&mawmf}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]olwrYkd mS ½Sw
d YJ pdw[ f m? apwodut f rsm;qk;H ,SOEf ikd w
f mu
ok;H q,fiY g;yg;yJ jzpfw,f}
]bmawGvJ}
]0d&wDrygwJY tnormef;eJaY ombP&moDu apwoduf
awGyJ jzpfygw,f}

ÓPuxm 205
]olwYkd oDvr½Sw d meJY vl, Y Ofaus;rIrw

YJ m pmeJaY yeJY wGujf y
vdaYk wmif &wmyJu;kd }
]t½lypdw½f o dS al wG[m u½kPmçrk'w d mac:wJY vlcsi;f quf
qHwt YJ cg rvGrJ aoG ½St d yfwt YJ &mawGvnf; r½SMd uwm awGU&yg
w,f}
]'gaMumifY olweYkd YJ olwyYkd wf0ef;usiv f al wG qufqw H YJ
tcg ausmufccJ si;f xdaeovdjk zpfw,f qdw k mvdk jzpfMuwmud;k }
]onfw&m;awG[m ]b&k mYw&m; r[kw}f -½kHomru? bk&m;
u ]raumif;bl;}-vdYk ajymcJw Y t YJ wdik ;f vlUavmutwGuf wu,f
raumif;wJY w&m;awGvnf; jzpfygw,f}
]'gayrJY olwdkYuawmY tjrwfqkH;w&m;udk olwdkYawGUwm?
bk&m;&JUw&m;udk olw&Ykd wm-vdx Yk ifNy;D auseyfaeMuw,faemf}
]'gawG[m ]0db0wPSm}&JU jyKpm;csucf &H olawG&UJ wPSmyl;
Ny;D ajymwJtY oHawGyg q&mawmf}
]b,fvdkajymvdkufwmvJ}
]olw[ Ykd m olwu Ykd , kd f bmjzpfNy-D vkYd xifaeygw,f/ bmrSrvdk
csiaf wmYb;l jzpfaeawmYvnf; xifwmaygY q&mawmf}
]b0rvdck siaf wmYb;l qdv k sif b0uvnf; r&awmYb;l r
[kwfbl;vm;}
]tJonfvkd rvdck siw f mudu k qef;us,w f YJ wPSmwpfrsKd ;aygY
q&mawmf}
]tJ'g ]0db0wPSm}-vm;}
][kwyf gw,f/ tJonfwPSmu ]0db0wPSm}-yg/ tJonf

206 ÓPuxm
wPSmu olwu Ykd ykd ;l Ny;D pum;awGajymygw,f}

]b,fvkd rme½Sw d m awGU&ovJ}
]olw[ Ykd m tm;vk;H udo k od al wG jzpfaeMuNy/D oAÁnal wGaygY/
bk&m;vnf; olwx Ykd uf ydrk odb;l / onfvrkd sm;yJ xifygw,f}
]onfvo kd al wGrmS xifp&m ½Sv d v
Ykd m;}
]½SNd yvD m; q&mawmf}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]olwu Ykd ]bmrSr½Sw d m}-odwmqdak wmY r½Sw d m trsKd ;rsKd ; t
jym;jym; rsm;wmrS r[kww f myJ/ onfawmY tm;vk;H udo k w d ,f-vdYk
ajymEdik af wmYwmyJ/ bk&m;vnf; olwx Ykd ufrodb;l jzpfawmYwmaygY}
]olwdkYt½Sdu 'gbJjzpfaeawmYwmudk;}
]olwu Ykd ]½kyaf &mçemrfa&mçynwfa&m tm;vk;H awG[m t½Sd
awG r[kwb f ;l ? oknawGom t½Sjd zpfw,f/ okn[m tbd;k twef
qk;H jzpfw,f}? tJ'g olwo Ykd w d maygY}
]okn[m b,fvkd tbd;k wefwmvJ}
]okn[m ppfreS w f YJ t½St d rSejf zpfw,f}? 'gaMumifY tzd;k wef
w,faygY/ ]okn[m tpp&JUnDrQjcif;jzpfw,f}? j'yfZD;½dk;(Matter
zero)? wdi k ;f rfZ;D &d;k (Time zero) trsKd ;rsKd ; wGujf ywmaygY}
]onfvdkxifwmawG[m trSefawGvm;}
]pdwåZ}-awGyg}
]uJ- [kwNf y/D t½lyawG&UJ t½lyjzpfyaHk wGukd OD;ÓPu ca&
apYwiG ;f cs wu,f&atmif pdppfNy;D wmyJ}
][kwyf gw,f q&mawmf/ 'geJpY yfwYJ ok;H oyfqifjcifr[ I m
wynfah wmftaeeJU rusev f bS ;l xifygw,f}
ÓPuxm 207
]onfvo kd ad wmY tcuftcJ ½Sad o;vm;}

]odyu f ½kd w dS maygY q&mawmf}
]vkyfprf;ygOD;}
]'gvnf; ½Snv f sm;r,f q&mawmf}
]½Sncf si½f n S yf gap? 'gawG em;axmifrjS zpfr,f}
]½lyg½lyawGukd ½lyg½lyyJvo Ykd Nd y;D aemufrmS jyóemwpfck
ay:ygw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]onfpw d af wG[m vkyw f ek ;f rSmjzpfwm [kwNf y/D vkyNf y;D aemuf
vnf; vkyw f ek ;f uvdyk J qufvufjzpfwnfaewmu bmvJ-vkyYd }J
]aemuf- b,fvdktajz&vJ}
]'gawG[m ]0dyguf}-awGyv J Ykd jzpfygw,f}
]0dygufukd tvsiu f oifMum;csurf mS rodb;l vm;}
]oifMum;csufrSm 0dygufqdkvdkY 0dygufvdkuf&wmyJ/ 0dyguf
b,foabm½Sdw,fajymvnf; 0rf;wGif;ygrsufrjrifudk ta&mift
aMumif; ajymwmvdyk J jzpfygw,f}
]pmoif&wm 'gawGukd rodb;l vm;}
]rodygbl; q&mawmf}
]aumif;aumif; roifvv Ykd m;}
]r[kwyf gbl;/ oufaotjzpf ajym&vsif wynfah wmfxuf
oif,rl rI mS omol[m tenf;tyg;yJ ½Syd gw,f/ wynfah wmfukd rrDwYJ
oif,ol al wG trsm;tjym;ygyJ/ oif,rl rI mS wynfah wmf[m vlnYH
r[kwyf gbl;- qdv k wkd myg}

208 ÓPuxm
]oifMum;csufrSm cRwf,Gif;vdkYvm;}
]oabmw&m;rSm cRw, f iG ;f vdyYk g - q&mawmf/
]b,fvdkvJ}
]0dygufqw kd m b0jcm;Ny;D rS ay:&wJw Y &m;}-vdYk oabmw&m;
u ajymygw,f/ tck &aewm[m ]0dyguf}jzpfayr,fY onf]0dyguf}eJY
]0dyguf&UJ uH}- b,fvq kd ufpyfwmudk rodygbl;/ ]uHeYJ 0dyguf}&JUquf
pyfruI kd tMum;us,u f s,Bf u;D eJY xm;Ny;D rS oabmw&m;u jyxm;yg
w,f/ onfawmY ]0dyguf}udk rodawmYwmygyJ}
]onfvq kd akd wmY ]0dyguf}[m ajymaeMuayrJY rodMubl;aygY}
]tJonftwdik ;f ygyJ q&mawmf}
]tck OD;ÓPu r[*¾wawG&UJ 0dygufawGukd odvmwmaygY}
]'godawmY jyóemwufwmu b,fvv kd }J
]½lyg½ly0dygufawG[m vljY ynfrmS rjzpfaumif;bl;}-vdYk pmay
rSm oifMum;xm;&ygw,f}
]tJonfvdk pmuqdkovm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]b,fvdkqdkwmvJ}
]½lyg½ly0dygufawG[m udpo ö ;Hk ckyJ wyfMuygw,f}
]bmudpöawGvJ}
]y#doaE¨? b0if? pkwd} udpöawGyg}
][kwfNyD}
]onf0dygufawGjzpfw,fqdkvsif ]b0ifudpö}wyfNyD;awmYyJ

ÓPuxm 209
jzpfcGifY½Sdygw,f}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]y#doaEëJY pkwdu? arG;eJYaorSmrS jzpfvdkY&w,f-vdkYvnf;
oifMum;xm;ygw,f}
]vkyfygOD;}
]b0ifpw d uf vnf; y#doaE¨wek ;f u jzpfcrYJ S jzpfv&Ykd w,f-
vdkYvnf; oifMum;xm;ygw,f}
]b,fvdkywfoufwmvJ}
]vlawG[m ½lyg½ly0dygufeYJ y#doaE¨ raecJ&Y bl;/ 'gaMumifY
vlawGrmS ½lyg½lyb0ifvnf; rusb;l / onfpw d [f m wjcm;udpeö YJ
vnf; wyfNy;D jzpfciG Yf r½Sb d ;l / onfawmY vlawGrmS onfpw d jf zpfvYkd
r&bl;aygY q&mawmf}
][kww f myJ/ onfvq kd akd wmY b,fvv kd yk &f rvJ}
]½lyg½ly0dygufawG wdq Yk rD mS jzpfwm {uEÅy/J wdo Yk ifxm;wJpY m
u rjzpf&bl;-qdw k muvnf; ajymif;vJp&m r½Sb d ;l / 'g- b,fvv kd yk f
rvJ}-qdw k YJ jyóem wufvmygw,f}
][kwfwmaygY}
]wynfYawmfu pOf;pm;ygw,f}
]vkyfygOD;}
]igodeYJ pmod? ESpcf ,k OS v f mvsif b,f[mrSerf vJ-}aygY}
][kwfNyD}
]igu pmtwGurf [kwb f ;l / pmu igtwGuyf }J / igud, k w f ikd f
u odwmudyk pfNy;D pmuodwmaemuf vdu k v
f rYkd jzpfb;l }

210 ÓPuxm
]at;-}
]vufaumufeJYvuf rawmfbl;qdkvsif vufaumuft
wGuf vufvkyfxm;wm r[kwfbl;/ vuftwGuf vufaumuf
vkyfxm;wmyJ}
][kwfw,f}
]onfawmY rawmfvsif vufujkd yifzt Ykd aMumif; wpfpw Hk &m
r½Sb
d ;l / vufaumufuykd J jyif&rSm jzpfw,f}
][kwfwmaygY}
]onfvq kd ;Hk jzwfNy;D ?]igYrmS ½lyg½ly0dygufawGjzpfwm trSew f
u,fy}J -vdYk qk;H jzwfNy;D ? ]vlrmS rjzpfb;l }qdw k YJ pmudk ausmv f u
kd w f ,f}
]pmudak usm&f wm pdwx f J pEd;k paemifY jzpfrmS aygY}
]jzpfNyv
D m; q&mawmf}
]pmu ud, k t Yf wGuf b0vrf;nTef r[kwv f m;}
][kwfw,f/ wynfYawmfvnf; pmayudk oHa,mZOf ½Sdyg
w,f/ ausmf&ayrJY pdwfu odyfraumif;ygbl;}
][kwfrSmyJ}
]onfawmY wynfaY wmfu pmudk igodeYJ n§zd Ykd BuKd ;pm;ygw,f}
]b,fvdk n§drSmvJ}
]onf0yd gufawG[m igYtodrmS vlxrJ mS jzpfw,f/ pmxJrmS
awmY jA[®mrSmrS jzpfr,f- ajymw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]onfEpS cf u k kd xyf,v l si?f vlrmS vnf;jzpfwm rzsu&f atmif?
jA[®mrSmvnf;jzpfwm rzsu&f avatmif? jA[®m[m vlyjJ zpfw,f-

ÓPuxm 211
qdwk m vky&f r,f}

]tif;-}
]pmxJrmS jA[®m[m b,fo-l vdYk twdtusajymwm r[kwf
bl;}
]rajymbl;vm;}
]bk&m;&JU w&m;awGxrJ mS jA[®m[m &[EÅmawG-vdYk ajymwm
awGvnf; ½Sdw,f/ rdbawG[m jA[®mawG-vdkY ajymwmawGvnf;
½Sdw,f}
]½lyg½lypdwf ½Sw d o YJ al wG[m ½lyg½lyjA[®mawGaygY}
][kwyf gw,f/ jA[®mawG[m vlawG&UJ ½lyg½lyuHawG jyKro l l
awG&JU trnfawGygyJ}
]'gawGoo d mG ;wmuawmY ½d;k &mbmoma&;udk tawmf ckef
ausmfoGm;wmyJ}
]rvTrJ a½SmifombJ q&mawmf/ onfwiG af wmif &yfvYkd r&
bl;/ a'0wmawG? tyg,fawGyg vlawGjzpfwmtxd qifjcifomG ;&yg
w,f}
]ok;H q,fwY pfbu Hk owå0gawG[m vlawG jzpfomG ;ovm;}
][kwyf gw,f q&mawmf/ vlawG[m jyKMuwJu Y tH avsmuf
]olwb Ykd 0} tajymif;tvGaJ wG jzpfMuygw,f/ tJonf tajymif;t
vGJ tjzpfawG[m tedrt Yf jrift Y vdu
k f owå0gawG jzpfMuwmygyJ}
]onfvjkd zpfawmY ½d;k &mbmomawGtay: b,fvkd oabm
xm;rvJ}
]tJonfvakd wmY rok;H oyfryd gbl; q&mawmf/ jzpfvmwm

212 ÓPuxm
wpfcak wmY ½Sw d ,f}

]bmrsm;vJ}
]wdUk [m ok;H q,fw Y pfbu Hk vGwwf YJ w&m;udk bk&m;a[mcJY
wm}-vdYk ,kNH y;D ? ok;H q,fw Y pfbu Hk vGww f YJ w&m;qdNk y;D usiMYf uwm/
tck ok;H q,fw Y pfbx Hk u
J w&m;udyk J wd-Yk usirYf v d suf jzpfaeMuyg
vm;? bk&m;a[mwJw Y &m;qdw k m b,fv[ kd mrsm;vJ? bk&m;&JUw&m;
udk ig-&csiv f u kd w f m/ onfvakd wmY qmavmif rGwo f yd rf wI pfck jzpf
vmygw,f}
]aMomf-}
]wynfaY wmfu w&m; &csiçf &aumif;rSe;f rodco YJ yl g/ tck
awmY w&m;&csiw f qYJ EáwG Ed;k xNy;D <uvmygw,f}
]ud,k u Yf , kd u f kd ½lyg½lyrSe;f odawmY? tJ'g[mvnf; ud, k yYf ef;
wdik f r[kwrf eS ;f odxm;wmeJY aygif;awmY? w&m;-&csiw f m jzpfrmS aygY}
][kwrf mS yg q&mawmf/ bk&m;&JUw&m;udk &csiçf &aumif;rSe;f
odvmygw,f}
]onfawmY bmvkyfovJ}
]pOf;pm; qifjcifygw,f}
]b,fvkd qifjcifwmvJ}
]igYa½SUu b,foq Yl rD mS rS bk&m;&JUw&m;odol r½Sb d ;l / ig
vnf; rodb;l / cufNy}D -vdYk ygyJ q&mawmf}
]0rf;enf;p&myJaygY}
]0rf;vnf;enf;ygw,f/ tm;i,fw,faygY q&mawmf/0rf;
vnf;omygw,f? tm;vnf; ½Sv d mwmaygY}

ÓPuxm 213
]b,fvkd 0rf;enf; tm;i,fwmvJ}

]bk&m;w&m;r[kww f m odayrJ?Y bk&m;w&m;[kww f m b,f
rSm½Sm&r,f rodwt YJ wGuf tm;i,fç 0rf;enf;&wmygyJ/
]0rf;omçtm;½Sdwmu bmaMumifYvJ}
]bk&m;&JUw&m;udk igrodayrJY ig[m bk&m;&JUw&m; rodb;l -
vdYk odojl zpfaeNy/D 'g[m bk&mYw&m;udo k zd Ykd tpjyKwmjzpfw,f}-
qdNk y;D tm;wufç 0rf;omwmygyJ}
]aemufq;Hk bmjzpfomG ;vJ}
]aemufq;Hk rSm bk&m;w&m;udk odcsio f l &Edik w f aYJ e&mwpfcu k kd
awGUvmygw,f}
]tJ'gu b,faevmvJ}
]bk&mUw&m;odzt Ykd wGuf bk&m;qDomG ;zdt Yk jyif wjcm;r½Sd
awmYbl;}-vdYk odvmrIy}J
]bk&m;u vGeNf yyD }J
]onfvv kd nf;pOf;pm;rdygw,f/ 'gayrJY bk&m;a[mxm;wJY
w&m;awG[m ½Sad ewmyJ/ tJonfrmS yJ ]bk&m; bmudak jymw,f}-
qdwk m ½SmNy;D ? bk&m;&JUw&m;udk awGUatmifvyk &f r,f-vdYk qk;H jzwfcsuf
cswmygyJ q&mawmf}
]'gaMumifY OD;ÓPu pmawGzwfwmud;k }
][kwyf gw,f q&mawmf/ pmoif&wm r0vdYk pmjyefzwfwm
r[kwyf gbl;/ ]bk&m;u olw Y &m;tjzpf bmawGajymovJ}-½SmzdYk pm
awGzwfwmygyJ}
]OD;ÓP[m {uEÅ bk&m;udak wGUr,fo Y jl zpfr,fqw kd m arQmf

214 ÓPuxm
vifyY gw,f/ 'gtwGuf q&mawmfwu Ykd 0dik ;f 0ef;cGiaYf y;r,fqv

kd sif
0rf;omr,f-vdYk today;yg&ap/ 0dik ;f 0ef;qdv k nf; ypön;f av;yg;
avmufeyYJ J 0dik ;f 0ef;Edik rf mS yg/ q&mawmfwtYkd ouf[m Bu;D cJNY y/D ÓPf
awGvnf; rxufawmYb;l / 'gtwGuf cGiv Yf w
T yf g-vdYk ajym&ygr,f}
]aus;Zl;txl;wifNy;D ? tm;tiftjzpf wynfaY wmfu owd&
aerSmyg q&mawmf}
]om"k-OD;ÓP? om"k-om"k/ onfavmufaumif;wJY pum;
rsKd ; onfwpfoufrmS onfwpfcg ajymzl;wmygyJ}

ÓPuxm 215
tcef;(5)
w&m;aqG;aEG; ajympum;rsm;

216 ÓPuxm

ÓPuxm 217
tcef;(5)
w&m;aqG;aEG; ajympum;rsm;
34/ rif;uGef;awmif½dk;? pHawmfrlawmifay:ü wumwpfOD;tm;

½SiÓ
f Pajymaom oHa0*ÓPf w&m;pum;
]rd;k csKyv
f cS snv
f m;? bmudp½ö v dS v
Ykd }J
]onfn awmifay:rSmtdyNf y;D bke;f Bu;D eJY pum;ajymcsiv f ?Ykd
&w,fr[kwfvm;bk&m;}
]bmajymp&m½SdvJ}
]w&m;taMumif;aygY bk&m;}
]&ygw,f}
]bke;f Bu;D trSw&f ao;vm;}
]ajymygOD;}
]0gqdOk ;D u bke;f Bu;D ajymcJw
Y YJ pum;wpfck ½Syd gw,f}
]rif;uGe;f rSm w&m;tm;xkwzf Ykd a&mufpaeYu pum;vm;}
][kwyf gw,f/ tpfrwdZYk &yfrmS bke;f Bu;D udk pawGUawmY ajym
wJYpum;yg}
]bmawGygvdrfY}
]bmtok;H cszYkd w&m;ud½k mS wmvJ}-vdYk bke;f Bu;D u ar;awmY
]vlr'I u
k a© wGu a0;zd}Yk -vdYk ajzwJtY cg? ]tJ'g rSwx f m;/ tJ'guae
acsmfroGm;apeJY}-qdkwJY pum;ygyJ}

218 ÓPuxm
][kwfygvdrfYr,f}
]tck oDwif;uRwNf y/D wynfah wmf jyef&awmYr,f}
][kwfvm;}
]tJonfpum;[m bmudkajymwmvJ-odcsifygw,f}
]tJonfar;cGef;udk tckrS ar;&wmvm;}
]0gwGi;f uawmY w&m;tm;xkwv f u kd ?f w&m;oGm;emvdu k ef YJ
pum;ajymzdu Yk rtm;bl; r[kwv f m;/ 'gaMumifY rar;jzpfwmyJ}
]olrsm;&JU aumif;usiaYf umif;Buu H vkd nf; rwm;jrpf&ufb;l /
usiBYf uvH ukd v f sif a&mufrnfah e&mu ]pdwZå }jzpfaewmvnf; odae
w,f/ onfawmY 'guav;udk pum;wpfv;Hk eJY wefaY y;cJ&Y rSmyJ-qdNk y;D
ajymcJYwmyg}
]bke;f Bu;D u tpu bmjzpfvYkd onfvrkd ajym&wmvJ}
]cifAsm;u OD;Zif;wdYk tqH;k tr,lzYkd vmwmrS r[kww f myJ/
BuKHvdkY qkHwmyJ}
]bm-bk&m;}
]'gu cifAsm;tay: tvGeaf pwemjzpfv?Ykd ynmok;H Ny;D rjzpf-
jzpfatmif ajymcJw Y YJ pum;yJ}
]tJonfwek ;f u yGiyYf iG vYf if;vif; ajymvdu k vf sif aumif;rSm}
]'gu onfvkd ajymaumif;wmrS r[kww f m}
]wynfah wmf wpf0gwGi;f vk;H 'kua© &mufae&w,f}
]cifAsm;qDu onfvpkd um;udk arQmaf ewm MumvSNy/D bmY
aMumifY tckrS ajym&ovJ}
]aoygNyD bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 219
]rwwfEdkifbl;/
]onfvakd wmY rvkyyf geJY bk&m;}
]'gqdv k sif cifAsm;u OD;Zif;eJY pum;ajymzdYk tcsed ef nf;enf;
ay;&vdrfYr,f}
]ajymqdzk v Ykd o
kd avmuf wynfah wmfukd bke;f Bu;D qD tyfyg
w,fbk&m;}
]aumif;NyD}
]wynfhawmfudk BuD;olwpfa,mufqdkNyD;vnf; riJYygeJY/ ajym
vdwk m ajymyg}
]OD;Zif;ajymwmawGudk onftwdkif;yJ em;axmifraeygeJY/
ar;csiw f mudk wpfv;Hk wdik ;f rSm jyefar;yg}
]aumif;NyDbk&m;}
]w&m;tm;xkww f o
YJ [
l m rd½;kd zvm Ak'b ¨ momtqifeY YJ w
&m;tm;xkwfwm rvkyfoifYbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]w&m;tm;xkww f ,fqw kd m w&m;odNy;D rS vky&f wJY t&myJ}
]odNy;D rSyJ vkyzf Ykd vdak o;vdv Yk m;}
]vkywf ,f}qdw k m odNy;D om;udk rsm;vmatmif yGm;ay;wmudk
ac:wJY emrnfyJ}
]odw[ YJ mudk rsm;atmifvyk w f m}ukrd S ]w&m;tm;xkww f ,f}
vdYk qdv
k wkd mvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]rsm;atmifvyk zf Ykd vkypf &mudk odzYkd vdw k ,faygY}

220 ÓPuxm
][kwfw,f}
]'gaMumifY w&m;odNy;D rS w&m;tm;xkw&f r,f qdv
k w
kd m
vm;}
][kwfwmaygY}
]wynfYawmfwdkYu ]w&m;odatmif w&m;tm;xkwf&wm}
xifaewm}
]odatmif w&m;tm;xkw&f wm} r[kwb f ;l ? emMum;avY
vm&wm}
]rd½;kd zvm emMum;oif,rl [ I m w&m;odwt YJ qifY ra&muf
bl;vm;}
]rd½;kd zvmodwm? emrnfuu kd ]rdb½d;k &m tod}qdw k m azmfjy
aewmyJ/ ud, k yf ikd t
f od r[kwb f ;l aygY}
]rd½;kd zvmodeYJ ud, k yf ikd o
f ud kd bmeJcY &JG rSmvJ}
]taMumif;tcsuf vufcpH pfaq;rIrygbJow d m rd½;kd zvmod
yJ? udk,fydkifodwmu tcsuftvufawG qufpyfqifjcifvdkY&wJY
todaygY}
]bk&m;&JUw&m;udk rdbawG ajymwmçvkyw f mawGtwdik ;f od
wm[m ]rd½;kd zvmod} jzpfNy;D ? bk&m;&JUw&m;awGukd uk, d wf ikd f aMumif;ç
usdK;qifjcifNyD;odwm[m ]udk,fydkifod}vdkY qdkvdkwmvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]wynfah wmf&UJ ]w&m;tod[m} rd½;kd zvmodvm;ç ud, k yf ikd f
odvm;- bke;f Bu;D ajymEdik rf vm;}
]ajymEdkifygw,f}

ÓPuxm 221
]bmeJYodwmvJ}
]rd½dk;zvmeJYaygY}
]bmYaMumifYajymEdkifwmvJ}
]ud, k yf ikd f qifjcifxm;wmawG rawGU&vd}Yk
]wynfah wmfqifjcifvsif bke;f Bu;D b,fvo kd rd ,f}
]cifAsm;&JUtjrifeYJ odwmaygY}
]wynfhawmftjrifu b,fvdkaevdkYvJ}
]rdpmä 'd|}d jzpfaevd}Yk
]ykxZk Ofy?J rdpmä 'd|d ad wmY jzpfrmS aygY}
]tJonf ykxZk Ofjzpfaewmwm ud, k yf ikd tf jrif r½Sv d yYkd }J
]ud, k yf ikd tf jrif½v dS sif ykxZk Of r[kwaf wmYb;l aygY}
]bk&m;w&m;udk ud, k yf ikd jf rifvsif aomwmyef} yJ}
]wynfah wmfu aomwmyefjzpfatmif w&m;tm;xkwrf vdYk
vmwm}
]tJ'g ]rd½d ;kd zvm Ak'b ´ momtod} yJ}
]onftod[m qifqifjcifjciftod r[kwb f ;l aygY}
]'gyJaygY}
]bmjzpfvUkd onfvakd jymEdik w f mvJ}
]aomwmyef[m bm0emr*fçzdv k f r[kwb f ;l ? 'óer*fçzdv k }f
yJ}
]tJ'g bmajymwmvJ}
]tm;xkw&f rnfY r*fçzdv k rf [kwb f ;l / aomwmyef[m odjrif
&wJY r*fçzdv
k jf zpfw,fqw kd m ajymwm}

222 ÓPuxm
]aomwmyefu tm;xkw&f rnf[ Y m r[kwb f ;l aygY}

]aomwmyefjzpfNy;D rS tm;xkw&f rSmyJ}
]aomwmyefjzpfatmifu b,fvdkvkyf&rSmvJ}
]rdbçq&mçaqGnmtm;vk;H b,foUl qDujzpfjzpf w&m;odNy;D
jzpfwo
YJ ql uD Mum;&wmudk ][kww f mudk [kww f tYJ wdik ;f ud, k w
f ikd f
ouf0if qifjcifwm} vky&f rSmyJ}
]tJonfvv kd yk rf S rd½;kd zvmudk vGerf mS aygY}
]'gyJaygY}
]rd½;kd zvmvGew f mudyk J ]aomwmyefjzpfw,f} ajymrSmvm;}
]aomwmyefjzpfrS rd½;kd zvmvGew f myJ}
]aomwmyefjzpfrS w&m;tm;xkwfEdkifrSmvm;}
][kww f ,f/ aomwmyefjzpfrS w&m;udo k w d m/ w&m;odrS
w&m;udk yGm;rsm;vmatmif yGm;vd&Yk rSmaygY/ rodwmudk rsm;atmif
b,fvdkvkyfyGm;rvJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]cifAsm; wpf0gwGi;f vk;H yGm;aecJw Y myJ/ bmawG yGm;aecJw Y m
vJ}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]bmodwmawGukd rsm;vmatmif vkyw f mvJ}
]bmodwmudrk S ½Smwmr[kwb f ;l / tvkycf ikd ;f wm vky&f wm
yJ}
]tvkycf ikd ;f wmu bmjzpfvv Ykd }J
]tJ'gvnf; rodbl;}

ÓPuxm 223
]jzpfvsi?f jzpfwm bmqdw k m}awmY odrvm;}

]tJ'g b,foEd ikd rf vJ}
]rodwmcsn;f vkyaf e&wm[m ½TUH nGex f iJ yk Nf y;D wd;k aewmvdk
tifrwef rGe;f Muyfp&maumif;wJY tvkyyf }J
][kwyf gw,f/ aumif;wJt Y vkyyf -J qdNk y;D jzpfnp§ v f yk af e&wm
yg/ raumif;wmuawmY awmfawmfBu;D ygyJ}
]onftaMumif; onfavmufajym&Nyq D akd wmY vkaH vmufNyD
aygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gqdv
k sif cifAsm;b0udk cifAsm; cGjJ cm;a0zefwmawmY vkyf
awmYaygY}
]b,fvdk vkyf&rSmvJ bk&m;}
]cifAsm;b0[m tcktwdik ;f aeoGm;vsif rjynfprHk -I bmawG
½Sad eovJ qdwk maygY}
]xyfajymygOD;}
]w&m;awGbmawG rygvsi?f igYb0 rjynfph b Hk ;l vm;- qdw k m
aygY}
]onfvkd rqifjcifz;l bl;}
]'g rqifjcifrb d J w&m;tm;xkwf vm&ovm;}
]vmwmawmY vmwmyJ/ 'gayrJY wynfah wmfb0rSm w&m;
rygvsif rjynfph b
Hk ;l ç jynfph w
Hk ,f qifjcifrv d aYkd wmY r[kwb f ;l / onf
vdk qifjcif&aumif;rSe;f awmif rodb;l }
]w&m;usirYf nfo h [l m yXrtcsu-f 'gudk aumif;aumif;

224 ÓPuxm
qifjcifro d l jzpf&vdrrYf ,f}

]bmjzpfvdkYvJbk&m;}
]aq;0g;rS0D w J ,fqw kd m ud, k rYf mS jzpfwYJ a&m*gudk qifjcifrzd Ykd
vdwk ,f/ temrodbJ aq;0g;rS0D v J sif aq;'Pfoifw Y myJ tzwfwif
rSm r[kwv f m;}
]ud, k t Yf em ud, k o f zd Ykd qifjcif&wmaygY}
][kww f maygY/ ud,k b Yf 0rSm rvdv k m;p&mjzpf&yfawG jzpfae
wmudo k rd S 'gawGaysmufatmif enf;vrf;udk ok;H pGrJ 0DS &J rSmaygY}
]olrsm;a,mifv-Ykd a,mif? tarmif awmif-rSe;f ajrmuf-
rSe;f rod rjzpf&atmifaygY}
]'gaygY/ 'gudk ]oHa0*ÓPf} ac:w,f/ ud, k bYf 0ud,
k f cGjJ crf;
odwm ac:w,f}
]oHa0*ÓPf}qdkwm Mum;zl;ygw,f/ 'gayrJY aemifb0
cH&rSmawGuo kd Nd y;D aMumuf½UHG xdwv f efw Y mawGvYkd rSwaf ewm/ tJ
onf aemifb0vnf; wynfaY wmfwu Ykd rrDawmY rqifjcifrb d ;l }
]'gvnf; [kwfw,f}
]wynfah wmf w&m;tm;xkwrf ,fqv kd sif 'gudk qifjcifrd
atmif vky&f rSmaygY}
][kwyf gw,f/ 'g qifjcifr½d eHk UJ awmif w&m;tm;xkwv f Ykd
r&ao;ygbl;}
]bmvdkao;vdkYvJ}
]'g qifjcifrv d sif w&m;qdw k m bmvJ-vdYk odatmif vky&f OD;
rSm jzpfygw,f}
][kwNf yD bk&m;/ odNy;D rS odNy;D wmudk rsm;vmatmif yGm;wJY
ÓPuxm 225
vkyif ef;tjzpf w&m;tm;xkw&f r,faygY}

][kwfw,f}
]bke;f Bu;D ajymwmawG wynfah wmf em;0ifygw,f/ av;
eufrv I nf; tjynf½h w dS m odygw,f/ wynfah wmfb0rSm wynfh
awmfu, kd w f ikd f raumif;bl;-vdYk odNy;D ? rausmv f mT ;Edik w
f mawG trsm;
Bu;D ½Sw
d mudk odygw,f/ 'gawGukd y,fxw k cf siyf gw,f/ 'gawGaMumifY
wynfah wmf w&m;odcsiyf gw,f/ wynfah wmfukd w&m;odatmif
ajymqdkyjYJyifay;apcsifygw,f}
]cifAsm;awmif;qdw k mudk vufcyH gw,f/ OD;Zif;wdrYk mS w&m;
vkyif ef;yJ vkyif ef;½Sw d myJ/ 'gayrJY cifAsm;wdrYk mS wjcm;vkyif ef;taxG
axG ½SEd ikd wf ,f/ tcsed af wG avmufygYrvm;? pOf;pm;yg/ onft
aMumif;awGukd twdek JY Ny;D pD;atmif rajymwwfavmufb;l / pum;
awG arsmvdrfYr,f}
]&&rSmaygY bk&m;}
]'gqdk onfaeYawmY em;MuOD;pd}Yk
]aumif;ygNyD bk&m;? tem;,lyg bk&m;}

226 ÓPuxm
35/ pHawmfral wmifü ,refaeYnu pum;ajymcJaY om wum

tm;'kw,
d tBurd f ½SiÓ
f Pajymaom 'd|jd zKwzf Ykd w&m;pum;
]raeYnu ajymcJw Y pYJ um;awGepYJ yfNy;D r½Si;f wmawGygvsif

ar;aemf}
]r½So
d avmufygyJ/ 'gayrJY ody½f iS ;f vSw,fawmY ajymvdYk r
jzpfbl;aygY}
][kwrf mS yJ/ pum;pdr;f awG Mum;&wmqdak wmY tvkyaf wmY
vkyfoGm;rSmaygY}
][kww f ,f/ bke;f Bu;D b,fvrkd sm; 'gawGov d movJ? bke;f
Bu;D vnf; tpuawmY wdv Yk akd erSmyJ? awG;rdvyYkd g}
][kww f maygY/ OD;Zif;wdv Yk nf; tpuawmY rd½;kd zvmyJaygY/
bmxl;rSmvJ}
]onfvq kd v
kd sif bke;f Bu;D qD awmif;qdck siyf gw,f}
]bmawmif;rvJ}
]bkef;BuD;[m rd½dk;zvmu b,fvdkvGefajrmufvmovJ?
w&m;udk ud, k yf ikd f b,fvo kd v d movJ- qdw k m&,f onfvo kd ad tmif
b,fvo kd aH 0*awG 0ifovJ-qdw k m&,f pwmawGaygY/ 'gawG ajym
ay;zdkYyg}
]'gawG[m odcsix f u kd w
f mawGygyJ}
]raeYu bkef;BuD;u wynfhawmfudk ajymwmawGrSm wynfh
awmftod[m rd½;kd zvm jzpfy?Hk tJonftodavmufeYJ w&m;tm;
xkwf r&ykH}

ÓPuxm 227
][kwfw,f}
]Ny;D awmYvnf; rd½;kd zvmtodu vGezf Ukd twGuf oHa0*vky&f
r,f? oHa0*&Ny;D aemuf w&m;awGukd odatmifvyk &f r,f-vdv Yk nf;
ajymcJYw,f}
][kwfwmyJ}
]onfawmY 'gawGukd bke;f Bu;D b,fvakd usmjf zwfco YJ vJvYkd
pHerlemtjzpf od&vsif aumif;r,f-vdYk wynfah wmf pdwjf zpfygw,f}
]aumif;Ny/D 'geJpY yfNy;D cifAsm;odcsiw f m ar;yg}
]rd½dk;zvm Ak'¨bmomtodawG[m rrSefMubl;vm;}
]rSew f mawGvnf;½S?d rrSew f mawGvnf; ½Sw d maygY/ tm;vk;H
trSecf sn;f vnf; r[kwb f ;l / tm;vk;H trSm;csn;f vnf; r[kwMf uyg
bl;}
]bmjzpfvYkd onfvjkd zpf&wmvJ}
]t½Sed YJ tod}udk wdu k Mf unfo h rl ½Sb
d J a½GUvsm;vmawmY tod
[m t½Sed UJ vGw J mawG 0ifvmNrx J ;Hk pHtwdik ;f 0ifvmcH&vdyYk }J
]tod[m t½Sed }YJ vGaJ evsif tJ'g 'd|jd zpfrvm;}
]jzpfNyaD ygY}
]todet YJ ½Su d u kd wf }YJ rd½;kd zvmbmomtjzpf qdv k siaf wmY
aumif;rSmaygY}
]tJ'gvnf; twdik ;f twmwpfct k xdyJ aumif;wmyg}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]rd½;kd zvmtodyJ jzpfNy;D ? tJonftodawGukd t½Sed YJ wdu k q f ikd f
rMunfEh ikd v
f Ykd ud, k yf ikd t
f od rjzpfvsif tpGpJ w d Zå 0ifwmyJ/ txifBu;D

228 ÓPuxm
wm-vdkY ajym&rSmaygY}
]aumif;wJYtwdkif;twmu bmvJ}
]rd½;kd zvmod[m ud, k yf ikd o f jd zpfatmif vrf;pay;wmyJ}
]bke;f Bu;D aum rd½;kd zvmodu tpjyKNy;D Ak'b ¨ momjzpf&wm
r[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]rrSew f YJ rd½;kd zvmawGvnf; ygrSmyJ}
]ygwmaygY}
]bke;f Bu;D vnf; 'd|jd zpfcw YJ maygY}
]jzpfcJY&wmaygY}
]rSew f rYJ ½d ;kd zvmawGukd ud, k wf ikd f t½Sed YJ wdu
k rf MunfEh ikd wf m
awGvnf; jzpfcJY&rSmaygY}
]jzpfcJY&wmaygY}
]bke;f Bu;D vnf; pdwZå 0ifc&YJ zl;wmaygY}
]0ifcJY&zl;wmaygY}
]bke;f Bu;D pdwZå jzpfc&YJ wke;f u 'd|jd zpfyu Hk av; enf;enf;ajym
jyay;yg}
]ig[m vlUtjzpfr&cifuwnf;u ½Sad ecJw Y ,f/ tJonfol
u vkyvf u kd w f YJ taetxm;twdik ;f tck- igjzpfae&w,f/ igaoNy;D
aemufvnf; igu quf½adS eOD;r,f/ jzpfr,fiY g[m tck igvkyw f m
awGtwdik ;f yJ &vdrrYf ,f/ onfvykd J 'd|jd zpfw,f}
]tJ'g 'd|jd zpfwmvm;}
][kwfwmaygY}

ÓPuxm 229
]wjcm; ½Sad o;vm;}

]trsm;Bu;D ½Sw d maygY}
]enf;enf;avmuf vkyyf gOD;}
]ig[m raorD w&m;&oGm;vsif aoNy;D aemuf bmrQ rjzpf
awmYb;l }vdv Yk nf; 'd|jd zpfw,f}
]tJ'gvnf; 'd|jd zpfwmyJvm;}
]jzpfwmaygY}
]tJ'gu bm'd|v d }J
]Oapä'rdpmä 'd|}d yJ}
]aoNy;D aemuf jzpft,lu bm'd|v d }J
]oówrdpäm'd|d}yJ}
]pmawGayawG oifvdkufawmY 'd|djyKwfroGm;bl;vm;}
]rjyKwaf wmY rjyKwb f ;l }
]bmjzpfoGm;vJ}
]'d|dawG ajymif;oGm;w,f}
]b,fvdkawGvJ}
]rarG;cifu ig-eJ?Y tck ig-[m wpfa,mufwnf; r[kwb f ;l /
wjcm;pDvnf;r[kwfbl;-qdkwmrsdK;awG jzpfatmif wGufjywmawG
od&w,f/ onfawmY tvsiu f 'd|ad wG r½Sad wmYb;l / aemuf'|d d
wpfrsKd ; ajymif;oGm;w,f}
]b,fvkd ajymif;oGm;wmvJ}
]ig aoNy;D aemuf? jzpfwmvnf; r[kwb f ;l / rjzpfwmvnf;
r[kwfbl;}-vdkYaygY}

230 ÓPuxm
]tJ'gu bm'd|v d }J
]tr&m0dau©y rdpmä 'd|}d yJ}
]tJonfvkd rdpmä 'd|ad wG jzpfaewJt Y wdik ;f ud,
k u
Yf ,
kd u
f kd ig-
'd|djzpfaeygvm;-vdkY bkef;BuD;odovm;}
]b,fodrvJ}
]onfvdkrodvsif b,fvdkodaeovJ]
]igodaewmawG rSew f ,f}vdYk odaewmaygY}
]rd½;kd zvmtrSm;aMumifY bke;f Bu;D 'd|jd zpfwmawG[m txif
t½Sm;yJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]rd½;kd zvm Ak'b ¨ momtrSeaf wGay:rSm bke;f Bu;D pdwZå 0ifyHk
enf;enf;avmuf ajymjyygOD;}
]ukodkvfawG jyKcsifw,f? w&m;awG tm;xkwfcsifw,f?
aumif;usiaYf umif;BuaH wG usiBYf ucH siw f ,f/ 'gawGtwGuf b,fvkd
epfemqk;H ½I;H rIawGjzpfjzpf tjzpfvnf;cHEikd af ew,f/ onfvkd pdwZå
0ifwmygyJ}
]'gawG[m raumif;bl;vm;}
]aq;u aumif;ayrJY temr½Sb d J aomufaevsif aumif;ygY
rvm;}
]raumif;ygbl;}
]onfvykd /J ud, k u f bmjzpfaeovJ rodbeJ YJ bmomw&m;
awGvyk af wmY tJonfbmomw&m;&JU pGr;f &nfawGu awmifa&mufç
ajrmufa&muf jzpfuek w f maygY}

ÓPuxm 231
]bke;f Bu;D uk, d wf ikd vf nf; tJonfpw d Zå awG trsm;tjym;

jzpfzl;ovm;}
]jzpfw,f/ odyaf wmY rrsm;bl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]½d;k ½d;k awG;wJtY usiYf ½Sad evdyYk }J
]tJ'g b,fu&wmvJ}
]taMumif;tm;avsmpf mG ygyJ}
]b,fvkd ½d;k ½d;k awG;wmvJ}
]aumif;rIçraumif;rIawG[m aumif;usKd ;ç raumif;usKd ;awG
jzpfapw,fqw kd m odw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]'gayrJY aumif;usKd ;vnf; odyrf arQmw f wfb;l / raumif;
usdK;vnf; odyfraMumufwwfbl;}
]bke;f Bu;D vkyw f m? awmxGuw f m? w&m;usiw Yf mwd[ Yk m tJ'g
awGaMumifY jzpfrvm;}
]r[kwfbl;-vdkYyJ}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]bkef;BuD;vkyfwm bkef;BuD;vkyfvdkY&rnfYtusdK; rarQmfbl;/
odyjf zpfEikd cf w
J ,f? vkyEf ikd w f ek ;f vkyx
f m;rSqNkd y;D vkywf o
YJ abmyJ}
]awmxGufwmuaum}
]bke;f Bu;D b0 NraJ eEdik zf Ukd avmufy}J
]w&m;tm;xkwfwmuaum}
]awmxJ NraJ eEdik zf aYkd vmufy/J wjcm;tusKd ; rarQmw f wfb;l }
]tckvkd w&m;&zdUk ½Smwmuaumbk&m;}
232 ÓPuxm
]tJ'gu ud, k b Yf 0 ud, k jf rifomG ;awmY ]igwdv

Yk ckd si&f rSm r
[kww
f m &aewmyJ}vdYk odNy;D ? bk&mYw&m; jyef½mS vdYk &cJw Y myJ}
]Ak'b¨ momrSm 'd|jd yKwaf tmif bmvky&f rvJ}
]tcsuEf pS cf suf vdw k ,f}
]yXrtcsuu f bmvJ}
]w&m;rSefawG avYvm&zdkY vdkw,f}
]'kwd,tcsufuaum}
]ud,k uYf ,
kd u
f kd cGjJ crf; odzUkd yJ}
]'gawG bke;f Bu;D b,fvjkd zpfovJ}
]aemufaeYrS onftaMumif; qufajymMuOD;pdkUvm;}
]aumif;ygNyD}

ÓPuxm 233
36/ pHawmfral wmifü ,refaeYu ajymcJaY om wumwpfO;D tm;

wwd,tBurd f ½SiÓ
f Pajymaom ud, k b
Yf 0ud,
k o
f zd v
Ykd fkd pum;
]raeYupum; qufajymMu&atmif}
]vl[m w&m;odzUkd wpfcsut f jzpf ud, k uYf ,kd u f kd cGjJ crf;pdwf
jzm od&r,f}-vdYk qdck yYJ gw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]bke;f Bu;D b,fvckd jJG crf;pdwjf zm odcw YJ ,fqw kd m enf;enf;
ajymay;yg}
]vlawG[m tm;vk;H vdv k ykd J ]b0}ud, k pf D &aeMuayrJY ud, k Yf
b0udk ud, k rf odMubJ? ]ud,k &f wJb Y 0}xJrmS yJ ESpo f rd eYf pfjrKyaf eMu
wmyJ}
]b0}qdkwmu bmvJ}
]b0}qdw k m ud,k f jyKrçl ajymqdçk MupH nfraI wGeYJ tJ'gawG t
wdik ;f jzpfwnfaerIaygY}
]tJ'g odyef m;rvnfb;l }
]vlawGxrJ mS olc;kd awGç vlvrd af wGeYJ ykw;D orm;çw&m;orm;
awG ½Sw d ,f/ tJonfoal wG[m tJonfvyk if ef;awG vkyNf y;D ? vkyw f YJ
twdkif; olcdk;çvlvdrfpwmawG jzpfaewmawG ½Sdw,fr[kwfvm;}
]½Sdw,fbk&m;}
]tJ'g ]b0}awGy}J
]aMomf-}
]tJonf ]b0}toD;oD; &aeMuolawG[m ud, k f b,fb0

234 ÓPuxm
&aew,f-qdw k m rqifjcifMubl;/ tJonf]b0}&JU ]om,mzG,}f eJY

]tjypftemtqm}awGvnf; rpdppfrdMubl;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJonfoal wGxrJ mS OD;Zif;vnf; toufo;Hk q,fe;D yg; yg
0ifcJYw,f}
]tJonftcsefd rf mS ]b0}awG tawmfpaHk eNyv D m;]
]tawmf pkHaeNyDaygY}
]bke;f Bu;D u ud, k bYf 0udk bmjzpfvYkd odomG ;wmvJ}
]taMumif;&if;uawmY ud, k &f wJ]Y b0}xJrmS repfjrKyv
f yYkd }J
]bmjzpfvdkY repfwmvJ}
]om,mrIudk rvdkufpm;bl;}-qdkwJY qkH;jzwfcsufxm;ol
jzpfvdkYyJ}
]om,mrI rjzpfbl;vm;}
]jzpfwmaygY}
]jzpfvsif vdu k pf m;wmeJY bmxl;ao;vJ}
]jzpfayr,fY vdkufpm;olvdk ]om,mrIudk razmfbl;}aygY}
]ay:wmudk om,mayrJ?Y azmfNy;D om,matmif rvkyb f ;l }
qdkvdkwmvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]onfawmY om,mrIu yg;½Sm;vmrSmaygY}
][kwfw,f}
]'gYaMumifY ud, k &f wJ]Y b0}rSm repfwmaygY}
][kww f ,f/ ]b0}rSm repfawmY ]b0}udkd avYvmw,f}

ÓPuxm 235
]b,fvdkavYvmwmvJ}
]udk,f&aewJY]b0}[m bmvJ-vdkY wjcm; udk,fYvdkvlawGeJY
awGUqkHwdkufqdkif pyf[yfMunfhw,f}
]aemufqkH; bmjzpfvmovJ}
]ud, k bYf 0[m bmvJ}- odvmwmyJ}
]ud, k f bmaumifv}J - odzUkd [m odyrf vG,b f ;l }
]b,forl S rqifjcifrMd uovdyk }J
]qifjcifvsifawmY odrvm;}
]odNyDaygY}
]bmaumif}-vdo Yk v
d nf; ud,
k b Yf 0&JU tusKd ;eJt Y jypfukd odzUkd
vnf; rvG,yf gbl;/ 'gudk bke;f Bu;D b,fvv kd yk Nf y;D odco YJ vJ}
]ud, k &f aewmu ]½lyg½lyb0} jzpfaew,f/ ud, k u f ]½lyg½ly
b0}vdck siv f Ykd vkycf w YJ mvnf; r[kwb f ;l / ]½lyg½lyb0}[m wjcm;
]b0}wpfcjk zpfwYJ ]umrb0}vdyk J ]b0}wpfco k m jzpfw,f/ ]b0}[m
½G½H mS pufqw k zf , G f jzpfw,f}/ onfvkd w&m;awGvnf; odxm;w,f/
]½lyg½lyb0}awG[m b,fvkd ½G½H mS pufqw k pf &m jzpfwmvJ-vdYk qif
jcifo;Hk oyfw,f/ onfawmY ½lyg½lyb0awG&UJ tjzpfawG[m jrifom
oavmuf jrifvm&w,f/ onfvekd YJ ]½lyg½lyb0}awG&UJ tusKd ;eJY
tjypfawGukd odvmcJw Y myJ}
]½lyg½lyb0}&JU tjypfukd b,favmufjrifwmvJ}
]vludk zsufMunfhwm}awGyJ/ vludk zsufMunfhvdkYuawmY t
vkyfrjzpfbl;-qdkwmavmufygyJ}
]tusKd ;usawmY bmrSrjynfph b Hk eJ UJ csr;f omcHpm;&rI jzpfwm

236 ÓPuxm
awGvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]taumif;eJY raumif;}udk b,fvq kd ;Hk jzwfovJ}
]vlr½Syd J csr;f omwm}[m tvkyrf [kwb f ;l / rl;,pfaq;0g;vdk
jzpfr,f-vdYk qk;H jzwfw,f}
]onfawmY ]½lyg½lyb0}rSm raysmb f ;l aygY}
]raysmf½kHomrubl; xdwfvefYwmygw,f}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]½lyg½lyb0}ukd ]bk&mYw&m;}-vdYk vkyaf eMuwm tm;vk;H vdk
jzpfaewm awGU&vdyYk }J
]½lyg½lyw&m;}awG bk&mYw&m;-vdYk todtrSwjf yK cHae&o
vm;}
]tBu;D tus,f jzefcY sad ewmtxd cHae&w,f}
]tenf;tyg;vm;}
]vkH;vkH;vsm;vsm;}yJ}
]'gqdak wmY xdwv f efrY rd mS yJ}
]ajcrudik rf d vufrudik rf ad vmuftxdy}J
]onfawmY bke;f Bu;D bmvkyo f vJ}
]bk&m;qDuvGNJ y;D bk&mYw&m;ajymol r½Sad wmYb;l / bk&mY
w&m;udk azmfxw k zf Ukd twGuf bk&mYw&m;odatmifqv kd sif ]bk&m;qDyJ
oGm;&r,f}-vdYk qk;H jzwfNy;D ? bk&m;a[mcJw Y w
YJ &m;awGukd zwfcw YJ ,f}
]'gawGzwfvYkd xl;ygYrvm; bk&m;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}

ÓPuxm 237
]bke;f Bu;D wdYk 'gawGoifNy;D om;yJ/ Ny;D awmY wjcm;olawGvnf;

'gawGwwfwmyJ}
]'gawmY 'gaygY}
]'gawG zwfrw S af vYvmvdYk trSe&f rSm qdv k sif bke;f Bu;D wdYk
vnf; tvsiu f wnf;u &aep&maygY/ wjcm;olawGvnf; &aeMu
rSmaygY}
]onfvdkvnf; [kwfwmyJ}
]'gqdk bke;f Bu;D u bk&mYpmjyefzwfzUkd qk;H jzwfwm rSeyf gYrvm;}
]rSefygw,f}
]b,fvdkrSefwmvJ bk&m;}
]pmoifwek ;f uOD;Zif;eJY tckO;D Zif; wlvv Ykd m;}
]rwlygbl;}
]wjcm; pmwwfMuolawGeYJ tckO;D Zif;eJv Y nf; wlvv Ykd m;}
]rwlygbl;}
]bmrwlwmvJ-odw,faemf}
]tJ'g bke;f Bu;D yJajymyg bk&m;}
]OD;Zif;u ]½lyg½lyb0}awGudk &cJYNyD;NyD/tJonf]b0}awG&JU
tjypfut kd xd odaeol/ pmoifwek ;f uOD;Zif;eJY wjcm;pmwwfoal wG
u onfvdk[kwf&JUvm;}
]r[kww f m aocsmygw,f}
]onfawmY tckO;D Zif; zwfvYkd odwmeJ?Y pmoifwek ;f uOD;Zif;
zwfvYkd odwmeJY wlrvm;}
]rwlEdkifavmufygbl;}

238 ÓPuxm
]wjcm; pmwwfy*k Kd¾ vq f okd al wG zwfvo Ykd wd meJv Y nf; wlEikd f

ygYrvm;}
]rwlEdkifygbl;}
]uAsmwpfy'k ?f pmwpfy'k }f ukkd uav;wke;f u zwfvo Ykd w
d meJY
vlBu;D jzpfrS zwfvo Ykd w
d m rwlovdak ygY}
]oabmaygufygNyD bk&m;}
]i,fwek ;f u onfpmawGzwf&wm bmrS tcuftcJr½Sb d ;l /
tck onfpmawGzwfawmY tcuftcJawGU&w,f}
]arYukefvdkYvm;}
]b,fuvm arYukef&rSmvJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYwkef; bk&m;}
]pmudk jrefrmjyefwwf½zHk wfwm r[kwv f yYkd }J
]onfvdkr[kwfvsif b,fvdkzwfwmvJ}
]pmwpfcck k zwfvsif onfpm[m onfa[muGu&f UJ ed'gef;u
pmvm;ç ed*;Hk upmvm;ç ud, k x
f nfpmvm;ç uGjJ ym;atmif zwf&w,f}
]aMomf-}
]Ny;D awmYvnf; onfpm[m wjcm; b,fa[muGuef YJ uGv J JG
csu½f odS vJ? wlncD su½f o dS vJ/ ed'gef;ç ed*;Hk awG[m ud, k xf nfeYJ vduk f
zuf&UJ vm;? ed'gef;eJY ed*;Hk u nDnw G &f UJ vm;-onfvakd wGvnf;zwf&
w,f}
]rvG,fygvm;}
]aemufqkH;cufwmu tJonfpm&JU t&udk? tjyifavmu
rSm wu,f½adS ewmtxd odatmif zwf&wmyJ}

ÓPuxm 239
]'gu bmjzpfvYkd cufwmvJ}

]t,ltq 'óeaMumifaY ygY}
]pum;vk;H awG&UJ t&udk aumufEikd v f sif qdv
k ckd sutf &[m
cufp&mr½Sb d ;l r[kwv f m;}
]r[kwfbl;}
]cufyHk enf;enf;ajymygOD;}
]owå0g}aoNy;D aemuf ]jzpfw,f}qdw k mudk ]bk&m;u olr,l
bl;}vdYk ajymw,f/ ]aoNy;D aemuf rjzpfb;l }qdw k mudk ]olr,lb;l }vdYk
bk&m;u ajymw,f/ onfawmY bk&m;ubm,lovJ-qdw k m b,f
vdkt&aumufrvJ}
][kww f myJ/ aoNy;D aemufjzpfvsi-f jzpf? jzpfwmr[kwv f si-f
rjzpfwmjzpf/ 'gyJ odaeMu&wm/ ESpcf v k ;Hk r,lvsif ]aoNy;D aemuf
bmudk,lw,f}-qdkwm aumufzdkYrvG,fawmYbl;aygY}
]pmrSm pmwwfoal wGrwwfwYJ tJonfvkd em;rvnfp&m?
t&aumufvYkd r&wmawG ½Sw d ,f}
]onfvdkqdk 'gawGudk olwdkY b,fvdkaumufMuovJ}
]tzGifYq&mu NyD;vG,fatmif aumufjyoGm;wJYtwdkif;
aumufMuwmyJ}
]olwYkd auseyfMu&JUvm;}
]tJ'gudk olwYkd rpOf;pm;Mubl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]ud,
k bYf 0udv k nf; rodMubl;/ 'gaMumifY xGuaf ygufvnf;
r½Smbl;/ 'gaMumifY pmawGukd 0wfausatmifyJ vkyaf eMuvdaYk ygY}

240 ÓPuxm
]0wfu ausygYrvm;}
]y&d,wåw d m0ef xrf;aewmyJ? y&d,wå0d wfausw,f rSwf
&wmaygY}
]bke;f Bu;D pmjyefzwfawmY pmxJu bmvdck siv f vYkd }J
]bk&m;a[majymnTejf ycJw Y YJ w&m;[m tppftrSet f m;jzifY
bmjzpfw,fqdkwm awGUcsifvdkYyJ}
]bmjzpfvYkd onfpw d uf ay:&wmvJ}
]OD;Zif;eJt
Y wl OD;Zif;wdt Yk odik ;f t0dik ;f Bu;D wpfcvk ;Hk [m bk&m;
bmawGa[mcJYw,f-qdkwm odraeMubl;}
]rodaebl;-vdYk b,fvo kd vd }J
]wvGaJ wGvyk Nf y;D ? wvGaJ wG jzpfaeMuvdaYk ygY}
]b,fvkd wvGaJ wG vkyaf eçjzpfaeMuwmawGU&vdv Yk }J
]½lypdw}f udk ]r*fpw d }f vdYk vkyaf eolawGu vkyaf eMuw,f/
yk*Kd¾ vçf owå0gçolçigpwmawG ausysuaf tmif jrifwwfwmudk ]edAmÁ ef
jrifw,f} jzpfaeolu jzpfaeMuwmawGuv kd nf; awGU&w,f}
]aMomf- bk&m;}
]t½lypdw}f udk ]r*fpw d }f vkyaf eolawG vkyaf eMuw,f/ b ] mrS
r½Sw d YJ ew¬bd m0} jrifwmudk ]edAmÁ efjrifw,f}vdkY jzpfolawGu jzpfae
MuwmawGvnf; rjrifcsit f qk;H jrifawGUae&w,f}
]r*fçzdvk çf edAmÁ efukd vGNJ y;D vkyMf uçjzpfMu ½Sad eNyq D akd wmY rSew f m
u bmrsm;useaf o;vdv Yk nf; bk&m;}
]at;aygY/ ]bk&m;&JUw&m;udak qmifwYJ wm0efcjH zpfol OD;Zif;
wdYk todik ;f t0dik ;f Bu;D wpfcv k ;Hk xJrmS bmrSruseaf tmif vGaJ eNy}D-

ÓPuxm 241
qdak wmY onfvjkd zpfwmudk jzpfreS ;f rodorl mS at;Edik af yrJY odou l

b,fvkd at;Edik yf gYrvJ}
]rat;p&mBu;D yJ bk&m;}
]'gYaMumifY bk&m;a[mawGxrJ mS wdu Yk kd bk&m;[m bmawG
ajymcJYwmvJ-qdkwm ½Smudk½Sm&r,fqdkNyd; bk&m;a[mpmawGudk
jyefzwfwmyJ}
]zwfawmY xl;jcm;rI ½S&d UJ vm;}
]½SNd yaD ygY}
]b,fvdkawG xl;jcm;vJ}
]bk&m;a[mwJY t&d,opöm[m y&rw¬opöm r[kwb f ;l }-
vdkYyJ}
]b,fv-kd bk&m;? em;vnfatmif enf;enf; jyefajymygOD;}
]bk&m;[m ]t&d,opöm}udk w&m;awGtm;vk;H &JU ]txG#f
txdy}f tjzpf a[mcJw Y ,f}
][kwfw,f}
]tJonf ]t&d,opöm}[m tvsiu f OD;Zif;wdo Yk ad ewmu
]y&rw¬opöm}awG jzpfaew,f}
][kwfw,f}
]tJ'g r[kwb f ;l / ]t&d,opöm}[m y&rw¬opömeJY bmrS
rqdkifwJY ]opömtopfwpfck}om jzpfw,fqdkwm od&wm[m
bk&m;pmawGukd ud, k w f ikd zf wfwt
YJ cg od&wJY xl;jcm;csuyf }J
]'gqdak wmY? wu,fx;l jcm;wmudo k &d wm jzpfNyaD ygY}
]bk&m;ajymwJpY um;udk ud, k w
f ikd o
f mG ;a&muf em;axmifvYkd

242 ÓPuxm
Mum;&wJY teuft"dygÜ ,f[m tvsiu f wqifMY um;eJo Y &d wJY teuf

t"dygÜ ,feYJ vk;H 0rwl uGjJ ym;jcm;em;ygw,f}
]tvsiu f bk&m;ajymwJpY um;tjzpf odaewm[m ]y&rw¬
opöm}awG jzpfaewmyJaygY bk&m;}
][kww f ,f/]y&rw¬opömawGukd t&d,opöm&JU t&tjzpf
odae&w,f}
]tvsiu f bk&m;ajympum;awGukd wqifpY um;eJY Mum;&
w,fqw kd m b,foUl qDuqifNY y;D Mum;&vdYk wqifpY um;vdYk ajym&
wmvJ}
]bk&m;a[majymcsuef pYJ yfNy;D bk&m;r½dw S aYJ emufrmS ajymMuç
a&;MuçrSwMf uç csUJ Muç csKUH Mu vkyo f al wG trsm;tjym;yJ½w dS ,f/ olwYkd
qDuaygY}
]olwu Ykd bk&m;ajymqdck suaf wGukd ay:vGiaf tmif ajymqdk
a&;rSw?f csUJ Muç csKUH MuwmawGyJ r[kwv f m;? jrif;pD;Ny;D txD;çtr
rodwmvdk jzpfNyv D m;}
]rodwm tjypfr½Syd gbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]olwaYkd ½SUu olawGukd olw, Ykd MHk uw,f/ olwaYkd ½SUu olawG
uvnf;?olwo Ykd w d YJ w&m;[m bk&mYw&m;yJ-vdYk ,kMH uw,f/ ,kMH unf
csuftjynfheJU ]ow l oYkd w
d w
YJ &m;udk bk&m;a[mw&m;}-vdYk wHqyd cf yf
ESdyfcJYw,f}
][kwfvm;}
]onfvkd vky½f rHk ubl;? olwo Ykd ½d cdS suef YJ bk&m;a[majymcsuf

ÓPuxm 243
xJu uGm[aewJt Y csuaf wG½v dS sif tJ'gawGuv kd nf; n§Ed idI ;f ajz½Si;f
xm;wmawG tjynfv h yk cf w
YJ ,f/ onfvakd wGqakd wmY rodwm[m
b,f-tjypfajymp&m ½Sad wmYrvJ}
]onfvq kd akd wmY tjypfr½Sb d ;l -vdaYk wmY ajym&rSmaygY/ 'gayrJ}Y
]bmajymcsifao;vdkYvJ}
]udk,fYb0avmufrS udk,f rppfrdwmtwGuf cGifYvTwfzdkY cuf
ovdkyJ}
]'gawmY 'gaygY}
]bke;f Bu;D uawmY tmZmenfy}J
]tESprf aYJ wmu Muufqyl ifyg}
]wu,fyg}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]bmjzpfw,f ajym&rvJb&k m;}
]qwfaqmYw,f ajym&r,f}
]tJonfvdk wu,fxifovm;}
]wu,faygY}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJbk&m;}
]olrsm;eJw Y al tmif raewwfvyYkd }J
][kww f ,f/ bke;f Bu;D u olrsm;eJY rwlcsib f ;l }
]bmawG awGU&vdkYvJ}
]udk,fY[mudk,fvkyfwmawG awGU&r,f}
]odwmudk rodovd?k rodwmudk odovd/k 'guav; rvkyf
EdkifwmavmufeJYyJAsm}

244 ÓPuxm
]tJ'g acgif;rmwmyJ}
]'g rwwfEikd b
f ;l }
]tJ'g b,fu &wmvJ}
]bmoma&; oifMum;csu&f ,f? acwfu oifMum;csu&f ,f?
vufawGUvkyfaqmifcsuf&,f/ tJ'gawGu &w,f-yJ ajym&r,f/
tJ'gawG[m ]OD;Zif;b0}yJ}
]bke;f Bu;D onfaeY em;csif em;ygOD;}
]aumif;Ny/D em;MuOD;pdUk }

ÓPuxm 245
37/ pHawmfral wmifü pwkwa¬ eY wumwpfO;D tm; ½SiÓ

f P
ajymaom bk&mYw&m;ppfpum;
]bk&m;pmudk zwfwt YJ cg ]bk&m;bmudak jymvdw k ,f}qdw k m

,lzUkd tcuftcJ½w dS ,f}
]b,fvkd jzpfvv Ykd }J
]t,ltqawGu zGmvHusJ jzpfaewm awGU&w,f}
]bmaMumifY jzpf&wmvJ}
]bk&mYw&m; rodoal wGu bk&mYw&m;udk udik w f , G af rT
aESmufomG ;wm cHxm;&w,fqw dk m awGUae&w,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]ykjH yifwpfcu k kd ykjH yif&UJ qdvk ckd suf rodou
l aqmifvsi?f onf
ykjH yif[m z½dzk &J tjzpfc&H ovdrk sKd ;aygY}
]owif;&JU twdrt f euf rodou l owif;aqmifvsif o
wif;ykyH suw f mrsKd ; jzpfwmvm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]bk&m;w&m;aqmifMuwmu owif;wd?Yk ykjH yifwYkd aqmifo
vdk aqmifwmvm;}
][kwfwmaygY}
]uAsmwdçYk oDcsi;f wdaYk qmifovdk aqmifwm r[kwb f ;l vm;}
]b,fuvm}
]vltrsm; onfvykd J odaeMuwm}
]tqiftjcifrJYawGaygY}

246 ÓPuxm
]b,fvdkrJYwmvJ}
]oHawGwrefawG[m olwUkd aqmifwYJ pum;awGukd EIwf
wufaqmifrvm;? EIww f ufaqmifwYJ pum;uvnf; touf0if
rvm;? toufr0ifvsif tvkyNf y;D ygYrvm;}
]"r®aqmifolawGuvnf; wrefawG? oHawGvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]bk&m;&JU oHwrefawGaygY}
][kwfw,f}
]olwUkd u bk&m;ajymwJtY "dygÜ ,fawGukd olwUkd pum;eJY aqmif
Mur,faygY}
]'gaygY}
]olwu Ykd tawG;tjrifcRw, f iG ;f vsif olwaYkd qmifwYJ bk&mY
pum;awGvnf; ajymif;vJuek pf &m ½Sw d maygY}
][kwfw,f}
]tJ'gawGtwGuf bk&mYw&m;awG z½dzk &J jzpfaewmaygY}
]olwdkY todtjrifawG 0ifaewmaygY}
]'gawG[m pmay:rwifEikd cf ifuaygY}
][kww f ,f/ pmay:udak &mufawmY rajymif;Edik af wmYb;l }
]pmay:a&mufwmu bk&m;r½Sw d aYJ emuf b,favmufMum
rSvJ}
]ESpaf ygif; av;&m0ef;usi}f
]'gqdk tBu;D tus,af jymif;Edik af tmif tcsed v f aHk vmufwmyJ}
]onfhxufqdk;wm ½Sdao;w,f}

ÓPuxm 247
]tJ'g bmvJ}
]bk&m;r½SNd y;D ESp-f ESp&f m0ef;usirf mS "r®aqmifawG[m q,fY
½Sppf ak vmuf uGjJ ym;aewmyJ}
]vlomuGw J m? rl uGcJ sirf S uGrJ mS aygY}
]uGJNyDvm;}
]bmtaxmuftxm; awGUvJ}
]"r®aqmifawG tpnf;ta0;ac:Ny;D ? "r®nw d§ rYJ w
S w
f rf;awG
awGUw,f}
]n§dw,fqdkawmY rrSm;EdkifawmYbl;aygY}
]rajymEdkifbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]tJonfacwf[m wumBuD;pdk;wJYacwf jzpfaew,f}
]b,fvdkqdkifovJ}
]onfvakd cwfrmS rSew f v
YJ l rEdik w
f wfb;l }
]b,fol EdkifwwfovJ}
]tm;½Sdol}
]b,fol tm;½So d vJ}
]rif;tudk;uG,fcH-aygY}
]olU0g'u bmvJ}
]y&rw¬opöm}
]tJ'g tbd"r®mawGy}J
][kwfw,f}
]½lyg½ly'óe}vdYk bke;f Bu;D ajymzl;wmyJ}

248 ÓPuxm
][kwfygY}
]'gudk tmPm½Siu f BuKd u&f ovm;}
]odyfBudKufaygY}
]bmYaMumifYvJ}
]vlnGefUvlpG,fawG wkH;apvdkY}
]'g- BuKd upf &mvm;}
]taumif;qk;H BuKd upf &maygY}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]tmPm½Sit f wGuf &efo[ l m? olUtzdEydS cf v
H al wG&UJ tm;
awGrmefawGyJ r[kwv f m;}
][kwfom;}
]tJonftm;rmefawG[m vlawG&JUtpGrf;tpawGyJ}
]onfvdkvm;}
]'gawG csKd ;ypfzYkd taumif;qk;H vufeuf awGUawmY vufr
vTwfawmYbl;aygY}
]'gaMumifY pmawG z½dzk &J jzpfMuwmud;k / pdwrf aumif;p&m}
]ordkif;qdkwm tjypfrwif&bl;}
]rwifvjYkd zpfrvm; bk&m;}
]wifvYkd bmtusKd ;½Srd mS vJ}
]'gqdk ordik ;f udk bmtok;H csrmS vJ}
]odwmrSmaygY}
]'gyJvm;-}
]odawmY a½Smifp&mqdv k sif a½Smif/ aqmifp&mqdv k sif aqmif
aygY}
ÓPuxm 249
]onfvdk pmawG z½dkz&JusJ jzpfaeawmY aemufvlawG

'ku©ra&mufbl;vm;}
]ordkif;u ay;orQaygY}
]bmvkyf&rSmvJ}
]rvdck sivf sif vSeaf ygY}
]vSe&f wm cufwmaygY}
]cufwm[m ol&aJ umif;twGuf atmify&JG zdUk wdu k yf yJG }J
]bke;f Bu;D u ajymNy}D
]onft h jyif bmwwfEikd rf mS vJ}
]onftcuftcJawGukd bke;f Bu;D ausmjf zwfyHk ajymygOD;}
]OD;Zif;ausmjf zwf&wJY tcufq;Hk wpfck ajym&rSmyJ}
]bmvJbk&m;}
]bk&m;&JU tAsmuxe}qdw k YJ ]rajymwJYpum;rsm;}yJ}
]bk&m;rajymwJYpum;? [kwfvm;-}
][kwfw,f}
]bmawGvJ bk&m;}
]q,fceG ;f awmif ½Sw d ,f}
]vkyfygOD;}
]yXrwpfceG ;f u ]owå0gaoNy;D aemuf jzpfw,f}qdw k YJ pum;
yJ/ tJ'gudk olrajymbl;}
]rajymbl;qdw k m ],al yrJY rajymwmvm;}
]r,lvdkYaygY}
]r,lwmu xif½Sm;vdkYvm;}

250 ÓPuxm
]xif½mS ;ygw,f/ 'gawG[m rdpmä 'd|jd zpfw,f-vdYk taeae&m

bk&m;a[majymcsuaf wG ½Sw d myJ}
]bk&m;rajymwJY 'kw, d pum;u bmvJ}
]owå0gaoNy;D rjzpfb;l }qdkwJY pum;yJ}
]wwd,pum;uaum}
]owå0gaoNy;D wcsKd Ujzpf wcsKd Urjzpf}qdkwJY pum;yJ}
]pwkw¬pum;}uaum}
]owå0gaoNy;D aemuf jzpfwmvnf;r[kw?f rjzpfwmvnf;
r[kw}f -qdkwJY pum;yJ}
]yOörpum;}u-}
]touf[m udk,feJYtwljzpfw,f}
]q|}u-}
]touf[m udk,feJYwjcm;jzpfw,f}
]owår}u-}
]vlavmu[m Nrw J ,f} ½Sdw,f}
]t|r}u-}
]vl[m r½Sb d ;l }
]e0r}u-}
]vl[m tqkH;½Sdw,f}
]'or}u-}
]vl[m tqk;H rJw Y ,f} qdkwJYpum;yJ}
]bk&m;u aoNy;D aemufepYJ yfwYJ pum;awGukd rajymbl;}vm;}
][kwfw,f}

ÓPuxm 251
]toufepYJ yfwYJ pum;awG rajymbl;}

][kwfw,f}
]vlepYJ yfwYJ pum;awGvJ rajymbl;}
][kwfw,f}
]'gawG[m wu,fBu;D wJY jyóemawGy}J
]bmoma&;rSm 'gawG[m wu,fBu;D wJY jyóemawGaygY}
]onfjyóemawG[m bmoma&;rSm b,fvt kd a&;Bu;D wm
vJ}
]urÇmrSm ½SdorQbmoma&;awG[m onfpum;awGu
xGuv f mwJjY yóem ajz½Si;f zdUk csn;f yJ/ wjcm; r½Sb d ;l }
]onfpum;awGuxGuv f mwJY jyóemudk bmoma&;awG
u b,fvkd ajz½Si;f wmvJ}
]vl[m aemufquf½adS ew,fç raebl;/ vlUtoufçvlUud, k f
[kwçf r[kw/f vlu, kd w
f ikd u
f t½S[d w
k çf r[kwef YJ tqk;H ½Sçd r½S/d 'gawG
twGuf tajzxkwfNyD; vkyfp&m½SdwmvkyfzdkU vrf;nTefwmawG[m
bmoma&;w&m;awGyJ}
]tckvuf½SdawGu onfvdk[kwf&JUvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]a½S;ubmomawGvnf; onfvdkyJvm;}
]onfvdkyJ}
]onfvq kd v
kd sif Ak'b ¨ momu onfjyóemawGukd bmjzpf
vdYk rudik wf ,G w
f mvJ}
]olUe,fy,fu onfjyóemawG r[kwv f aYkd ygY}

252 ÓPuxm
]'g- wu,fyv J m;}

]onfhtjyif bm½SdrvJ}
]tJ'g[m todcufwt YJ &myJ}
]bke;f Bu;D onftcufukd ausmv f eG Ef ikd Nf yvD m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]wynfah wmfwYkd todxrJ mS Ak'b ¨ mom[mvnf; tJonf
e,fy,fxrJ mS yJ ½Sw d ,f-vdYk xifaewm}
]Ak'b ¨ mom0ifwikd ;f onfvckd sn;f }ygyJ}
]xifwmu omrefr[kwb f ;l / pdwcf svufcs xifwm}
][kwyf gw,f/ tm;vk;H vnf; onfvykd gyJ}
]tJonftm;vk;H xJ bke;f Bu;D vnf; ygcJw Y maygY}
][kwfw,f}
]tckawmY rygawmYb;l aygY}
][kwfw,f}
]b,fvdk ausmfvGefatmif vkyfcJYwmvJ}
]½d;k ½d;k ygyJ}
]vkyfygOD;}
]bk&m;[m igwdq Yk &m jzpfw,f}
][kwfwmaygY}
]igwdq Yk &m[m igwd&Yk UJ tjrifawGreS af tmif vrf;nTejf yoay;
wJY acgif;aqmifjzpfw,f}
][kwfwmyJ}
]olu vlawG&UJ aemifb0udk rpOf;pm;bl;}

ÓPuxm 253
][kwfw,f}
]vlawG&UJ toufukd rpOf;pm;bl;}
][kwfw,f}
]vlawG&UJ t½Su d kd rpOf;pm;bl;}
][kwfw,f}
]vlawG&UJ tqk;H udk rpOf;pm;bl;}
][kwfygw,f}
]wdu Yk 'gawGukd pOf;pm;w,f}
]b,fvdkpOf;pm;vdkYvJ}
]wdaYk oNy;D aemifb0jzpfO;D rSm/ w&m;&atmifvyk rf S rjzpfrmS }?
onfvkd pOf;pm;w,f}
][kwfom;}
]wdaYk oayrJY wd&Yk UJ 0dnmOfvyd jf ym? uHowåd ac:csi&f mac:
wpfcck u
k av;u wdUk ud, k uf xGucf gG r,f}/ onfvv kd nf; pOf;pm;
w,f}
][kwo f m; bk&m;}
]NyD;awmYvnf; ]w[ Ykd m t½Sjd zpfw,f/ tqk;H vnf; r½Sb d ;l }-
vdvYk nf; pOf;pm;w,f}
][kwfwmyJ}
]'gu pOf;pm;ykw H pfrsKd ;yJ jzpfw,f}
]wjcm; b,fvkd pOf;pm;ao;vJ}
]wd[ Yk m aemifb0 rjzpfb;l / wd[ Yk m toufu ud, k &f UJ oD;
jcm; r[kwb f ;l / wd[
Yk m t½Sv d nf; r[kwb f ;l }/ onfvakd wG pOf;pm;
w,f}
254 ÓPuxm
]wpfa,mufwnf;eJY onfvkd trsKd ;rsKd ;pOf;pm; cH,&l ovm;}

]wpfa,mufjzpfayrJY tjyKtrl ]b0'óe}u trsKd ;rsKd ; ½Sd
wmyJ/tJonfb0awG}?]'óeawG}tvdu k f trsKd ;rsKd ; jzpfwmyJ}
]tJ'gudk em;vnfatmif ½Si;f ygOD;}
]vd&k if;ajym&r,ft Y &m ra&mufbaJ er,f}
]tajccHrodbJ vd&k if;ajymoGm;vnf; em;vnfrmS rS r[kwf
wmyJ/ onfvekd YJ pum;awGu ½Snv f mcJNY y}D
]csKHUajymaygY bk&m;}
]avmurSm ]umrç½lyçt½ly}vdYk b0ok;H rsKd ; ½Sw d ,f}
]Mum;zl;ygw,f}
]umrom;awG&UJ tjrif'óe[m orkwdopömawGyJ}
]orkwo d pömqdw k m igaumifçolaumif? awmçawmifça&çajr
pwJY tpdwyf &rwfawG&YJ tpkawG ajymwmvm;}
][kww f ,f/ tJ'gvdk jrifo[ l m umrorm;awGy}J
]½lyom;u b,fvjkd rifv}J
]olwdkYu tpdwaf wGjzpfwJY y&rwfawGyJ jrifw,f}
]y&rw¬opöm[m olwdkYtjrifaygY}
][kww f ,f/ t½lyorm;u tJonf y&rwfukd okn jzpf
atmifvyk w f YJ tjrif'óe ½So d yl }J
][kwfNyDbk&m;}
]orkwdopömjrifol umrorm;u ]vlt½Sd vufcHw,f}/
vl[m ]tqk;H r½Sb d ;l }vdv
Yk nf; jrifw,f/ ]vt Yl ouf[m vlu Y ,
kd ef YJ
twl}vdv
Yk nf; jrifw,f/ onfpum;awG ajymw,f}

ÓPuxm 255
]tJ'gu umrorm;awG ajymwJpY um;awGaygY}

][kwfw,f}
]½lyorm;awGu b,fpum;awGajymvJ}
]vl[maoNy;D wcsKd UjzpfçwcsKd Urjzpfb;l / vlt Y ouf[m ud, k ef YJ
wjcm;pDy/J vl[m t½Sjd zpfw,f/ vl[m tqk;H ½Sw d ,f} qdw
k pYJ um;
awG ajymw,f}
]t½ly'óe½So d al wGu bmajymvJ}
]vlaoNy;D rjzpfb;l / touf[m udk,feJYtwly/J vl[m
t½Srd [kwb f ;l / tqkH;vnf; r½Sdbl;} qdw k mrsKd ;awG ajymw,f}
]onfpum;q,fceG ;f [m bko H ;Hk yg;uolawG ajymwJpY um;
awGyJ}
][kww f ,f/ tJ'gaMumifY bk&m;u onfpum;awG rajym
wm}
]onfvq kd akd wmY bk&m;u bmajymygvdr}Yf
]tJ'g tcuftcJy}J
][kwfygYbk&m;}
]onfhxufcufcJwmu ½Sdao;w,f]
]bmygvdrYf bk&m;}
]OD;Zif;wdu Yk bk&m;oQi&f UJ wynft h &if;awGy}J
][kwfygw,f}
]OD;Zif;wdu Yk bk&mYwynfh t&if;awG-vdYk ajymNy;D bk&m;
rajymwJYpum;awGudkyJ ajymaeMuw,f}
][kwfw,fbk&m;}

256 ÓPuxm
]onfawmY ud, k u Yf , kd uf kd jyefar;&wmaygY}

]b,fvdkvJ}
]ig- bmaumifv}J -aygY}
]bmjzpfvdkY-}
]bk&mYwynfq h v kd sif bk&m;rajymwJpY um; rajym&bl;}yJ}
][kwfygY}
]onfvakd jymaew,fqakd wmY ]igwdUk [m bk&m;wynfah e&m
rSmrS ½Sad o;awmY&UJ vm;}/ onfar;cGe;f 0ifvmcJw Y ,f}
]q&meJw Y ynf[ h m todÓPf tusO;f tus,o f m uGm&
r,f/ todct H &muawmY wl&rnfx h ;Hk ½Swd myJ}
]onfvjkd zpfawmY tawmfBu;D wkev f yI rf w d ,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]igwd[Yk m q&m&JU taiGUtoufrS ½Sad o;awmY&UJ vm;} vdkYyJ}
]onfawmY bmvkyfovJ}
]ig bmaMumifY ]aoNy;D jzpfr,f qdw k t YJ ,lukd ,lrw d mvJ}-
vdkY qef;ppfw,f}
]bmjrifNy;D ,lcrYJ w d mwJv Y }J
]bmjrifNy;D ,lrw d mrS r[kwb f ;l yJ}
]b,fvdkvJ}
bk&m;u onfv, kd w l ,fxifNy;D ? ,lrcd w YJ mom jzpfw,f}/
igeJY igY0ef;usiw f pfcv
k ;Hk vnf; onfvx kd ifNy;D ,lcMYJ uwmom jzpf&
r,f/ tcsi;f csi;f tjyeftvSejf zpfNy;D onft,l vTr;f rd;k aewmom
jzpf&r,f-vdYk qifjcifrv d mw,f}

ÓPuxm 257
]onfawmY onft,lukd cGgcsa&mvm;}

][kwfw,f}
]uGmoGm;a&mvm;}
]qkH;jzwf&wmaygY}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]onfvq kd ;Hk jzwfxm;awmY tvsiu f aemifb0eJpY yfNy;D ,l
xm;wJt Y csuaf wG jyef0ifvmvsif onfq;Hk jzwfcsuef YJ okwo f if&rSm
aygY]
]onfvdkvm;}
]'gvnf; tcuftcJ ½Sw d ,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]aoNy;D jzpfw,f r,l&vsi?f rjzpfb;l ,lcsiw f ,f}
][kwfwmaygY}
]udk,fodxm;wmu ]jzpf} r[kwfvsif? ]rjzpf} jzpf&r,f/
]rjzpf} r[kwfvsif ]jzpf} jzpf&r,fvyYkd J odxm;wmyJ]
]tvif;}r[kwv f sif ]tarSmif}?]tarSmif}r[kwv f sif ]tvif;}
-vdkYod&rSmyJ]
]'gayrJY ]bk&m;u onfEpS rf sKd ;vk;H jiif;w,f}qdak wmY cufNyD
aygY]
]ajcwpfzufajrm§ ufqv kd sif ajrm§ ufEikd af yrJ?Y ajcESpzf ufajrm§ uf
qdvk sif cufNyaD ygY]
]tJonftwdkif; jzpfoGm;wmyJ]
]tJ'g b,fvv kd yk o
f vJ]

258 ÓPuxm
]igawmY r,lwwfawmYbl;/ bk&m;u b,fv, kd o

l vJ}-
vdYk bk&m;udyk J jyefMunf&h wmaygY}
]bk&m;u b,fvdk,lwmvJ}
]tJ'gvnf; odvrYkd &bl;}
]tJ'grS cufwmyJ}
]wu,faygY/ ]bk&m;u b,fv, kd v
l u
kd w f mvJ- onftwdik ;f
qdkvsif bk&m;udk igwdkYrodwJYtjzpf a&mufaeMuNyD}yJ-vdkYtxd
t0ifcH&w,f}
]bk&m;udk rodb;l jzpf&w,fvm;}
]at;aygY/ ]bk&m;udk jrifz;l wmvnf; r[kwb f ;l / cifzl;wm
vnf; r[kwb f ;l / olU0g' oabmusw,fqNkd y;D olUaemufu vdu k f
ae&wm/ tck olU0g'jzpfwYJ olUt,lukd bmvdYk rodawmYb;l qdak wmY
olUudkygodw,f-vdkY bmeJYajym&rSmvJ}
][kwfwmyJ}
]'gtwGuf ud, k uYf ,
kd u
f kd twdik ;f rod0rf;enf;wm jzpf&w,f}
]onfavmufawmifyJvm;}
]OD;Zif;u bke;f Bu;D vkyaf ewm trIrt YJ rSwrf vYJ yk af ewm r
[kwfbl;}
]b,fvdk &nf½G,fcJYvdkYvJ}
]ud,k u Yf ,
kd u
f kd onfb0rSm bk&m;udak y;xm;wm/ wjcm;bm
rS &nf½,G cf suf r½Sb d ;l }
]i&JaMumufwmawG r½Sb d ;l vm;}
]r½Sdbl;}

ÓPuxm 259
]ewfjynfa&mufcsifwmawG r½Sdbl;vm;}
]r½Sdbl;]
]edAmÁ efaum rawmifw Y bl;vm;]
]edAmÁ efukd b,fvakd ew,fawmif rodb;l }
]bk&m;udk,kHwm wpfckwnf;yJaygY}
]olU,kv H Ykd ykw
H myJ/ tck olUudv k nf; rod- jzpfomG ;Ny/D b,fvkd
vkyfrvJaygY}
]tpwke;f u olUudk b,fvo dk cd wYJ mvJ}
]ol[m aemufaemifb0awG ½Sw d ,f?w&m;&vsif jywfw,f/
touf[m ud, k ef o YJ ;D jcm; jzpfw,f/ vl[m t½Sjd zpfw,f/ tqk;H
vnf; ½Sw
d ,f/ onfvakd wGukd a[mw,f}-vdkY odaecJYwmyJ}
]tck ]bk&m;u 'gawG olrajymbl;}qdak wmY-}
]OD;Zif;pdwx f rJ mS bk&m;udk em;rvnfatmif jzpfomG ;wmyJ}
]em;vnfatmif BudK;pm;rMunfhbl;vm;}
]BuKd ;pm;&NyaD ygY/ ]bk&m;aysmufwm[m ud, k b
Yf 0aysmufwm
jzpfaew,f} r[kwfvm;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]awmxJudk vrf;nTefeJYoGm;wJYol[m vrf;nTefaysmufvsif
olb
Y 0vnf; aysmufrmS yJ r[kwv f m;}
][kww f maygY? olb,fomG ;rSe;f rod jzpfNyaD ygY}
]onfxrJ mS 0rf;omwmvnf; jzpfao;w,f}
]b,fvkdvJ}
]bk&m;udk rodwm[m ckrrS [kwb f ;l ? tpuwnf;uyJ? ckrS

260 ÓPuxm
rodwmudk igodwm-vdyYk }J
][kwfw,f}
]bk&m;udk ig-rodb;l }-vdYk odwm[m ]igYtwGuf tqifw Y pf
qifw Y ufvmwm jzpfw,f/ tm;vk;H vnf; bk&m;udk rodMuwmyJ/
olw[ Ykd m rodwmudk rodb;l -vdYk odMuwJt Y jzpf ra&mufMuao;bl;}
vdkYyJ}
]tm;awmY wufp&myJ}
]rodwmudk rodwmrSe;f odwm[m odawmYrvd-Yk qdw k m ,kH
Munfw,f}
][kww f maygY bk&m;}
]onfawmY ]bk&m; bmajymovJ-qdw k YJ ar;cGe;f [m bk&m;
aysmuf ½SmykzH iG &Yf mrSm arYaysmufr&wJY ar;cGe;f }yJ}
]b,fvdkawGeJY wGufovJ}
]ud, k b Yf 0eJuY , kd yf J wGu&f wmaygY/ ÓPfqv kd ½Ykd w
dS mu 'gyJ
[m}
]ud, k b Yf 0eJw
Y u G yf Hk vkyyf gOD;/
]tavsmaf &m? qefu Y sib
f ufa&m? ESpcf vk ;Hk udk jiif;wm[m
rawmfb;l / onfvjdk iif;wJyY pHk H ½So d vm;}- onfvpkd Of;pm;w,f]
]ykpH u H kd awGUovm;}
]awGUw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ]
]EGm;tNrKrH &JUom;jzpfwYJ EGm;[m txD;vm;çtrvm;-qdw k YJ
ar;cGe;f &JU tajzpum;yJ}

ÓPuxm 261
]b,fvdkajzrSmrdkYvJ}
]r[kwcf sn;f ajz&rSmyJ]
]jiif;wmaygY}
]jiif;&rSmyJ]
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]EGm;NrKrH [m om;rzGm;vdyYk }J
][kwfom;yJ]
]tJonfykHpHeJY qufokH;oyfw,f]
]b,fvdkvJ}
]tjiif;cH&wJY pum;ESpv
f ;Hk [m ]t½Sjd zpfw,f}qdw
k YJ ajym&rnfh
pum;yJ}
][kwfw,f}
]onfpum;ESpv f ;Hk [m o'´genf;eJaY jymvsif ]Bu, d mpum;
vkH;}-awGyJ}
][kwfwmaygY]
]Bu, d m}awG[m ]uwåm;jzpfwYJ pum;vk;H r[kwb f ;l }
]uwåm;r½Sw d YJ Bu, d m[m tvkyrf jzpfb;l } aygY/ tvkyrf jzpf
wJpY um;qdv k sif rajym&bl;? jiif;&r,fy]J
]EGm;NrKrH om;}[m ]t½Sjd zpfw,f}qdwk YJ Bu, d m&JU uwåm;pum;
vkH;yJ}
][kwfw,f]
]EGm;NrKrH om;}qdw k YJ ]uwåm;}[m trSew f u,f½w dS m r[kwf
bl;/ 'gaMumifY ]t½Sdjzpfw,f}qdkwJY ]Bud,m}[m ajym&rnfhpum;

262 ÓPuxm
r[kwb f J jiif;&rnfph um; jzpfw,f}

]onfykHpHeJY b,fvdkwlwmvJ}
]owå0gaoNy;D jzpfw,f? rjzpfb;l }? onfpum;rSm Bu, d m
pum;vk;H ESpv f ;Hk ygw,f}
]bmawGvJ}
]aoNy;D }&,f? ]jzpfç rjzpf}&,fy}J
]a½SUBu, d meJY aemufBu, d maygY}
][kwfw,f}
]onf0gusrmS ]uwåm;}u ]owå0g}vm;}
][kwfw,f}
]tJ'g b,fvw kd u
G rf vJ]
]jzpfw,f? rjzpfb;l } onf]Bu, d m}awG[m ]owå0gaoçrao}
eJY ywfoufaew,f/ aoygrS ]jzpfç rjzpf}ajymvd&Yk r,f/ ]raobl;}
qdv k sif ajymvdrYk &bl;}
]jzpfçrjzpf} ajymcsivf sif ]aoçrao}udk tvsiaf jym&r,faygY}
][kwfw,f}
]onfawmY ]owå0gaow,fç raobl;} b,fvakd jymrvJ}
]aoçrao-[m Bu, d mawGy?J onfBu, d mawG&UJ uwåm;[m
]owå0g}-yJ}
]owå0g½Srd S aoçrao ajymvd&Yk r,f/ owå0gqdw k YJ uwåm;u
t½Srd [kwv f sif aow,fç raobl; Bu, d mawG[m tvkyrf jzpfb;l /
ajymvdkYr&bl;}-aygY}
][kwfw,f}

ÓPuxm 263
]owå0g[m t½Sv d m;-qdw k m a&mufvmwmaygY/ bk&m;u

onf ]Bu, d mpum;}awGjiif;wm[m ]owå0g}qdw k ]YJ uwåm;} r½Sv d oYkd m
jzpf&r,f-vdYk tajzxGuw f maygY]
]owå0g}r½Sv d sif ]aoç rao} r½S/d 'gr½Sv d sif ]jzpfç rjzpf}
ajymr&aygY}
][kwfw,f}
]onfvdkwGufawmYvnf; [kwfom;yJ]
][kwrf mS vdv k kd jzpfwmyJ/ [kwaf wmY r[kwb f ;l / r[kwwf m
aemifrS od&w,f}
]b,fvdkvJ]
]onfvw kd uG w f m ]½lyg½ly}vdik ;f &JU twGut f csuf jzpfaevdYk
aygY]
]b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ}
]tJonfwek ;f u wGuyf u Hk kd ajymjyr,f]
]ajymyg}
]owå0g} t½Srd [kwv f sif ]bmvJ}-vdYk tar;xGuw f ,f}
][kwfNyD}
]owå0grSm cE¨mig;yg;vdYk cGv J sif cE¨mwpfyg;wdik ;f [m owå0g
wm0efukd ,lEikd Mf ur,f r[kwb f ;l / onfawmY cE¨mawG&UJ tpk[m
tpkyjJ zpf&r,f/ owå0g-qdw k m b,frmS vJaygY}
]'g [kwo f m;aygY}
]wu,fu 'g-½lywGuef YJ wGuv f &Ykd wJY tajzyJ/ tajzrSef
r[kwfbl;}

264 ÓPuxm
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]orkwod pömudk y&rw¬opömeJY ausatmifacswv
YJ yk if ef; jzpf
vdkYaygY}
]tJ'gudk tJonfwek ;f u odovm;}
]b,fodrvJ}
]qufwu G yf Hk ajymygOD;}
]owå0g}[m ]cE¨m}ac:wmqdkawmY ]cE¨mqdkwm bmvJ}?
]cE¨m}qdkwm ]tpktykH}qkdwm&JUtrnfyJ}
][kwfom;}
]b,fvpkd yk wHk mvJ? bmawGpyk w
Hk mvJ}/ ½kyaf wGpyk w
Hk majym
vsif &w,f/ ½ky[ f m jzpfvsi?f wpfcwk nf;jzpfw,fqw kd m r½Sb
d ;l /
twGv J u
kd f awGyJ jzpfwm]
][kwfw,f}
]a0'emu©Em¨ twGuf a0'emawG b,fvpkd yk rHk vJ- jyóem
u ay:vmw,f}
][kwof m;/ a0'emu wpfyg;wnf; jzpfwmyJ}
]onmvnf; onfvykd /J 0dnmPfuvnf; onfvykd /J ocFg&
uawmY ½lyvdk ½Sdyg&JU}
][kwfygw,f}
]onf a0'em? onm? 0dnmPfawG[m olwjYkd zpfcsed rf mS olwYkd
[m ESpcf jk zpfwm&,fvYkd ½Sw d mr[kwb
f ;l }
][kwfygY}
]onfawmY olwUkd u b,fvpkd yk MHk uvdYk ]cE¨m}trnf &Muwm

ÓPuxm 265
vJ? onfjyóem wufvmw,f}

]b,fvkd tajzawGv}J
]cE¨m}[m onfvpkd w k mawGajymwm r[kwb f ;l -vdYk odvm
w,f}
]bmpkwmvJ}
]wpfq,fw Y pfaxG½w dS YJ tjcif;t&mawG pkMuwmudk pkyw Hk ,fç
cE¨mjzpfw,f ajym&wmyJ}
]wpfq,fYwpfaxGawGu bmawGvJ}
]tck&,f? aemuf&,f? aemif&,f? twGi;f &,f-tjyif&,f?
teD;&,f-ta0;&,f? t,kw&f ,f-tjrwf&,f? tMurf;&,f-tEk
&,f}- 'gawGy}J
]'gawGu b,frmS pkwmvJ]
]½kyw f pfck jzpfay:vsif tJonf½yk [ f m jzpfNy;D çjzpfvwåUH ½kyf
awGeYJ axmufvu kd v f sif ypöKyeÜ jf zpfaew,f/ jzpfNy;D ½kyaf e&mu Munfh
awmY tem*wfjzpfvwåUH ½kyf jzpfaer,f/ tem*wfjzpfvwåUH ½kyu f
Munfah wmY twdwjf zpfNy;D ½kyf jzpfaevdrrYf ,f}
]onf ]½kyw f pfcwk nf;}rSm ]ck?aemuf?aemif} ok;H cku pkaewm
awGUw,faemf}
]jzpfay:aewJY½kyf[m tJonf½kyf&JU tjyifut&mawGeJY
axmufvsiftwGif; jzpfaeayrJY? twGif;ut&mawGbufu jyef
axmufwt YJ cgrSmawmY tJonf½yk [ f m tjyifjzpfaew,f}
]onf½yk w f pfcwk nf;rSmyJ twGi;f vnf;jzpfç tjyifvnf;jzpf
aew,faygY]

266 ÓPuxm
]teD;çta0;? tMurf;çtEk? t,kwçf tjrwfawGvnf; onf

vdkyJ]
]olUxuf eD;wm? Murf;wmç,kww f mawG axmufawmY t
a0;ç tEkçtjrwfjzpfNyD;? a0;wm çEkwmç jrwfwmawGaxmufawmY
teD;çtMurf;çt,kwaf wG jzpfwmyJ/ onfvv kd m; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]usew f YJ cE¨mawGvnf; onfvpkd w k maygY}
][kww f ,f? 'gaMumifY cE¨mac:&wm}
]cE¨m}udk ]ud, k yf ikd f odomG ;Ny}D aygY]
]½kyftp½SdwmawG wpfckwdkif;rSm wpfq,fYwpfaxGaom t
jcif;t&mawGpw k mudk twdtus odomG ;Ny}D
]onfawmY-}
]'gay:rSm todÓPftopfawG xyfay:w,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]onfwpfq,fw Y pfaxG tjcif;t&m[m wu,fawmY ]ok;H
yg;}yJ jzpfw,f]
]q,fw Y pfyg;u ok;H yg; b,fvjkd zpfwmvJ]
]tcsed t f jcif;t&m ok;H yg;? ae&mtjcif;t&m av;yg;? t
jzpftjcif;t&m av;yg;yJ]
]tcsed ?f ae&m? tjzpf} onfo;Hk yg;uwpfq,fw Y pfyg; jzpf
w,faygY]
][kww f ,f/ ]ckçaemufçaemif} ok;H yg;u ]tcsed u f mv}? ]eD;ç
a0;çwGi;f çjyif} av;yg;u ]ae&mXme}? ],kwçf jrwfçMurf;çEk}u ]tjzpf

ÓPuxm 267
ya,m*}? onfvjkd zpfwm}

][kwfwmyJ}
]onf tjcif;t&m q,fw Y pfcjk zpfwYJ ]umv?Xme?ya,m*}
awG[m ½kyrf mS jzpfjzpf? a0'emrSmjzpfjzpf? usew f YJ onmç ocFg&ç 0d
nmPfawGrmS jzpfjzpf/ pkrv d Ykd ]cE¨m}qdw
k m jzpfvmvsif ½ky[ f m ½kyf
twdik ;f raeawmYb;l / ½ky<f uvmw,f/ a0'emç onmç ocFg&ç 0d
nmPfawGvnf; onftwdik ;f raeawmYbJ tvk;H awG <uvmw,f/
onfvkd <uvmwmawG[m bmawGv/J ]owå0g}[m 'gawGyJ jzpf&zdYk
½Sw
d ,f/ 'g-t½Sad wGvm;}
]awG;p&mBuD;ygyJ}
]½kyaf wG? a0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPfawG[m olUobm0eJY
olqdkvsif bmrS ajymp&mr½SdayrJY ]cE´¨m}qdkwJY ]umv?Xme?ya,m*}
awGeJY jzpfvmvsif t"dyÜg,ftopfawG xGufvmw,f}
]bmawG xGufvmwmvJ]
]igawG? olawG? yk*Kd¾ vçf owå0gawG? a,musmf ;çrde;f rawG? vl
qd;k çvlaumif;awG? igY[mçol[ Y mawG}- tppawGy]J
]b,fvdk xGufvmwmvJ}
]ykaH y:atmif tawmfajym,l&r,f}
]enf;enf;aygY]
]½kyw f pfcjk zpfvsif vlrmS ½kyaf v;q,f½Y pS cf k xifvrd rYf ,f}
]b,fvdkxifrSmvJ}
]umvok;H rsKd ;? Xmeav;rsKd ;? ya,m*av;rsKd ;}eJY ajrm§ ufymG ;Ny;D
awmYaygY}

268 ÓPuxm
]okH;tajr§muf? av;tajr§muf? av;tajr§muf jzpfvdkYvm;}

][kwfw,f}
]a0'emwpfcsufjzpfvsifvnf; onfvdkyJvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]onm? ocFg&? 0dnmPfawGvnf; onfvdkyJaygY}
][kwfw,f]
]onfcE¨mig;cku wNyKd ief ufavmuf jzpfaewmqdak wmY-
av;q,f½Y pS f tajrm§ uf ig; jzpfomG ;NyaD ygY}
][kww f ,f/ 'gawG[m puúew Yf pfctk wGi;f oef;awG-oef;csD
atmif trsm;tjym;uvnf; jzpfaewmqdak wmY tpuf(ydKG i)Yf u
av;awG trsKd ;rsKd ;pyfawmY? ykt H rsKd ;rsKd ;ay:wmrsKd ;aygY}
]'gawG[m bmawGygvdrYf bk&m;}
]'gawG[m ]½kyçf a0'emç onm} pwmawGygyJ]
]tJ'gawG[m t½Sv d m;]
]tJ'g ajymzdcYk ufwmyJ]
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]t½Srd [kwb f ;l -vdYk jrifcwYJ ,f}
]t½Srd [kwjf zpfyu Hk kd ajymygOD;]
]'gvnf; ½Sn½f n S yf ]J
]rwwfEikd b f ;l bk&m;]
]onfcE¨m}awGukd bk&m;u ]vu©Pmok;H csu}f eJY wifcw YJ ,f-
vdYk xifcwYJ ,f}
]xifwmvm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
ÓPuxm 269
]xifwmrSe;f rodb;l vm;]

]rodbl;? aemufrS odwmyJ]
]xify}Hk vkyyf gOD;}
]vu©Pmok;H csu[ f m ]tedp?ö 'ku?© tewå}yJ}
][kwfom;yJ}
]tJonfvu©PmawG[m ]cE¨m}udk jiif;qdkwJYtcsufawG-
vdkY jrifcJYw,f}
]b,fvdkjiif;wmvJ bk&m;}
]tedp}ö qdw k pYJ um;[m ]edp}ö &JU ajymif;jyefjzpfw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]edp}ö [m NrjJ cif;a[mNy;D ? ]tedp}ö [m rNrjJ cif;- a[mwmyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]Nr}J qdwk YJ pum;[m ]tcsed t f wdik ;f t½Snjf y pum;}-yJ}
][kwfwmyJ}
]onfawmY ]rNr}J qdw k pYJ um;vnf; ]tcsed jf ypum;}yJjzpfw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]edpeö YJ tedp?ö NreJ YJ rNr}J [m tcsed b f ,favmufeYJ owfrw S f
rvJ}? pOf;pm;w,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]Nrw J ,f}qdw k m tcsed b f ,favmuf½w dS m&JU emrnfv/J ]rNr}J
u tcsed b f ,favmufqw kd m&JU emrnfv-J qdw k maygY}
]rNrb J ;l }qdw
k m tcsed b f ,favmuf wdak wmif;wmudk ac:wm
vJaygY}

270 ÓPuxm
][kwfw,f}
]tJ'g b,favmufvdkY &ovJ}
]tcsed rf ½Srd S rNr}J qdw
k m &w,f-vdYk wGuw f ,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]wpfaeY[m wpfveJpY mvsif tcsed w f w
kd t YJ wGuf rNrb J ;l qk&d
ayrJY wpfem&DepYJ mvsif tcsed u f ½Snaf evdYk ]Nrw J ,f} ajym&OD;rSmyJ}
]t[kwfyJ}
]wpfem&Duvnf; olUxuf½n S wf t YJ csed q f wkd YJ tcsed af wG ½Sd
wmyJ/ aemufq;Hk ydwf wpfred pf[m wpfpuúeUf eJpY mvsif ½Snaf ejyef
wmyJ}
]onfvdkqdkawmY tcsdefawG½Sdao;vsif tJonftcsdef&JUwpf
0ufeYJ EIid ;f pmNy;D ? wpf0ufMumwJt Y wGuf ]Nr}J ae&m &aeOD;rSmaygYaemf}
]at;aygY/ 'gaMumifY ]tedp}ö qdw k pYJ um;[m ]tcsed ½f rdS u I kd jiif;
qdw k pYJ um;}yJjzpfrS &r,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]bk&m;u ]cE¨m[m tedpöjzpfw,f} ajymawmY? ]cE¨m}[m
]tcsed rf jYJ zpfw,f}-vdYk ½kypf wJY cE¨mawG ]tcsed ½f rdS [kwyf Hk jyw,f}-
vdYk em;vnf&w,f}
]'ku?© tewå}awGaum b,fvv kd }J
]'ku}© u ]ya,m*av;yg;}ud?k ]tewå}u ]Xmeav;yg;}udk jiif;
qdw k pYJ um;awGvYkd od&w,f}
]vkyfygOD;}
]'ku}© [m ]'ku&}yJ? ]vkyv f Ykd r&bl;}aygY/ 'g o'´geufy/J qif;&J
w,fxm;}
ÓPuxm 271
][kwfw,f}
]tjzpfwpfcck k ½Sw d ,fqv kd sif vkyv f rYkd &bl;-qdw k m r½Sb d ;l /
Murf;vsif Ekatmif? Ekvsif Murf;atmif/ ,kwfvsif jrwfatmif?
jrwfvsif ,kwaf tmif vIy½f mS ;rIya,m* jzpfv&Ykd wmcsn;f yJ}
]qif;&Jw,f}-vdYk teuft&aum}
]qif;&Jw,f}qdw k m ]b,ftwdik ;f twmatmuf}udk ajymwm
vJ/ csr;f omeJMY um;rSm bm jcm;rSwx f m;wm ½So d vJ/ 'g r½Sb d ;l }
]onfawmY-}
]qif;&Jw,f}qdw k m ]vIyv f çYkd ½Sm;vdçYk jyKjyifvYkd r&wm}yJ jzpfr,f}
]bmaMumifYvJ}
]jyKjyifvIyf½Sm;vdkY &ao;w,f-qdkvsif csrf;omaeOD;rSmyJ/
onfawmY jyKvu Ykd kd vk;H 0r&awmYwmrS ]qif;&Jw,f}? ]vkyv f rYkd &awmY
bl;} jzpf&vdrfYr,f}
]qif;&JeUJ csr;f omu b,fvkd teufziG v Yf v
Ykd }J
]jyKvyk v
f &Ykd wm csr;f om? r&wm qif;&J-aygY? oku&-'ku&yJ}
]tJonfawmY-}
]tjzpfwpfcck ½k v dS sif ]'ku&}yJ/ r½Srd S bmrS vkyrf &wmaygY}
]onfawmY ]'ku}© qdw k m ]cE¨mb0tjzpfu r½Syd u Hk jkd iif;jywm}
aygY}
][kwfw,f}
]tewå}uaum]
]tewå}qdw k m ]e+twå}yJ/]twå}qdw k m ]txnfç tzwfç
j'yf} ½Sw
d ,faygY/ ]e}u jiif;wmyJ/ txnfr½Sb d ;l aygY}

272 ÓPuxm
]twå}u txnfç j'yfvm;}

]xif½Sm;½SdwJY t&muav;udkawmY txnfj'yfuav;vdkY
ajym&rSmaygY}
]tewå}qdw k m tJ'g r½Sb d ;l aygY}
][kwfw,f}
]'gu ]cE¨m}udk b,fvdkjiif;wmvJ}
]txnf}[m ]ae&m,l}wJY taumify}J
]b,fvdkvJ}
]txnfwpfcck k ½SNd yq D v kd sif tJonftxnfrmS ]twGi;f }qdk
wm ½Sdw,f/]tjyif}vnf; ½Sdr,f/ ]teD;eJY ta0;}qdkwmawGvnf;
½Srd ,f/ tJonf txnfr½Sv d sif twGi;f awGç tjyifawG? teD;awGç
ta0;awG ½SdvdkYr&bl;}
][kwfwmaygY}
]onfawmY ]tewå}qdw k m ]cE¨m&JU ae&mawGukd jiif;wm}-
yJ}
]onfvq kd akd wmY ½kyçf a0'emçonmçocFg&ç0dnmPfawG[m
t½Sad wGr[kwb f ;l aygY}
]tedp?ö 'ku?© tewå} vu©Pmok;H csuu f vnf; tJ'gawG&UJ
t½Sd
tjzpfukd r[kwrf rSeb f ;l -vdYk ajymaewmyJ-vdYk em;vnfvmwmaygY}
]bke;f Bu;D onfvkd em;vnfomG ;wmaygY}
][kwfw,f}
]bke;f Bu;D taeeJY ]½kyçf emrfcE¨mawG[m t½Srd [kwaf wmYb;l -

ÓPuxm 273
jrifawmY tJ'gawG b,fvjkd zpfçysuw f mawG}-vdYk oabmxm;ovJ

bk&m;}
]at;? 'gar;p&myJ}
][kww f ,f? ar;&rSmyJ bk&m;}
]½kyçf emrfcE¨mawG[m ]y&rw¬opömw&m;}awG jzpfw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]onf y&rw¬opömw&m;awG[mvnf; ]o,H0oD}-vdaYk c:
wJY olUtvdv k jkd zpfww YJ &m; r[kwb f ;l / taMumif;tpdwt f ydik ;f u
av;awG aygif;qkMH urS jzpfymG ;&wJt Y &mawGom jzpfw,f}
]tJ'gub,fvdkvJ}
]ykpH t
H m;jzifY ]jrifpw d f y&rwfw&m;uav;} qdyk gawmY/ onf
y&rwfuav;[m rsuaf pYqw kd YJ tpdwt f ydik ;f ? tqif;qdw k YJ tpdwf
tydik ;f ? tvif;qdw k YJ tpdwt f ydik ;f ? ESv;Hk oGi;f qdwk YJ tpdwt f ydik ;f /
onfav;ckavmuf qkMH urS jzpfay:vd&Yk wJt Y &m jzpfw,f}
]'gaMumifY onfy&rwfawGvnf; ]tpdwt f ydik ;f awG&UJ t
aygif;}yJ/ tvdv k w kd nf½EdS ikd w
f w YJ &m; r[kwb f ;l yJ-vdYk jrifvmw,f}
]tvsiu f onfvkd rjrifb;l vm;}
]tvsiu f y&rwfawGuykd J ]ocFww&m;jzpfaMumif;}awmY
½Gwzf wfvmcJw Y myJ/ 'gayrJY trIrçYJ trSwrf yYJ }J
]tJonfwek ;f u bmawGaygif;w,f-vdYk odovJ}
]uH?pdw?f Owk?tm[m&} taMumif;w&m;awG aygif;qkjH yKjyif
Muw,fvyYkd /J 'gayrJY b,fuçH b,fpw d çf b,fOwkç b,ftm[m&

274 ÓPuxm
awGu b,fvkd aygif;qkjH yKjyifw,f-qdw k m tawG;ray:bl;/ awG;&

aumif;rSe;f rodcb YJ ;l / awG;jyol r&cJb Y ;l ajym&rSmyJ}
]onfvjkd rifawmY y&rwfut kd ok;H awG tajymif;tvJ ½Sad o;
w,fvm;}
]½SdNyDvm;-}
]b,fvkd ajymif;vJwmvJ bk&m;}
]ynwf}[m tpdwt f ydik ;f awG&UJ pka0;rIjzpfvYkd t½St d jzpfu
tz,f½mS ;cH&w,f/ ]y&rwf}uvnf; bmxl;ovJ? tpdwt f ydik ;f awG
&JU tpkta0;yJ r[kwv f m;? onfawmY ynwfeYJ y&rwf[m b0wl
csif;awGyJ}
][kwfom;-}
]onfawmY ynwf[m tpdwt f ydik ;f awG&UJ tpkjzpfvYkd t½Sd
r[kwb f ;l -qdv k sif y&rwfvnf; tpdwt f ydik ;f awG&UJ tpkta0;yJjzpf
vdYk t½Srd [kwb f ;l yJ jzpf&r,faygY}
][kwfwmaygY}
]y&rwf[m tpdwt f ydik ;f awG&UJ tpkta0;jzpfayrJY ]t½S}d yJ
jzpfw,fqv kd sif ]ynwf}[m ]y&rwf}xuf xif½mS ;Bu;D rm;wJt Y &m
jzpfwtYJ wdik ;f ]t½Syd J jzpf&r,f}-vdyYk }J
][kwfw,f}
]onfawmY ]ynwfukd t½Srd xm;Edik v f si?f y&rwf[m ynwf
xuf ao;i,frIefrTm;wJYt&m jzpfwJYtwGuf ydkNyD; t½Sdtjzpfu
z,f½mS ;&r,f}- onfvkd qk;H jzwfvmEdik w f ,f}
]qk;H jzwf&rSmyJ bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 275
]onfawmYvnf;-}
]qufygOD;}
]owå0g}qdw k m b,frmS ½Sm&r,f rodwt YJ &m jzpfomG ;NyaD ygY}
]yk*Kd¾ vf r½S?d owå0g r½S?d igçolwyg;ça,musmf ;çrde;f r r½S}d
a&mufoGm;NyDvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]avmu}[m t½Sdr[kwfbl;aygY}
]tif;/ y&rwfawGawmif t½Srd [kwaf wmYb;l yJ}
]tJonfawmY bm½Sdao;vJ}
]bmrSr½Sw d m}u ]t½S}d jzpf&NyaD ygY]
]½kyaf wGvnf; r½S/d emrfawGvnf; r½S/d igçolwyg;ça,musmf ;ç
rde;f rynwfawGvnf; r½S/d tm;vk;H r½S/d bmrSr½S}d jzpfawmY ]v[m
jyifBu;D } jzpfaerSmaygY bk&m;}
][kww f ,f? bmrSr½Syd J [mvm[if;vif;Bu;D yJ ½Sad eawmYwm
yJ}
]tJ'g trSev f m;}
]tJ'gyJ½w dS ,fqakd wmY tJ'gyJ trSejf zpf&NyaD ygY/ r½Sw
d m rSevf Ykd
vnf;? jzpfwmrSwfvdkYyJ}
][kwyf gw,f/ 'gayrJ-Y }
]bmajymcsifvdkYvJ}
]tJ'gu aumif;vdv Yk m;}
]tJ'godae&wmudk aumif;w,f}-vdYk txdawmY rqifjcifrcd YJ
bl;}

276 ÓPuxm
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]qifjcifrv d siaf wmY aumif;w,f-vdyYk J jrif&p&m½Sv d yYkd gyJ}
]aumif;ykH-enf;enf;vkyfygOD;/}
]r½Sad wmYvnf; bmrSryl&bJ at;wmaygY}
]em;vnfatmif vkyyf gOD;}
]ylw,fqw kd m ylrnfo h el YJ ylp&mawG½adS erS jzpfwm}
][kwfygw,f}
]ylr,fo Y al &m? ylp&ma&m? tjcm;awGa&m/ tm;vk;H bmrSr½Sd
bl;qdak wmY b,fou l ylrmS vJ? bm ylp&mtwGuf yl&rSmvJ? rylawmY
at;wmaygY}
]tylNidrf;w,fqdkwmvm;}
]'gvdYk xifp&myJ}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
][kwaf wmY r[kwb f ;l aygY}
]bmjzpfvdkY r[kwfwmvJ}
]tylNird ;f w,fqw kd m Nird ;f ol]uwåm;}½Srd S ]Nird ;f w,f} ajym&
wm/ tylNird ;f wm[m ]uwåm;rJ}Y jzpfvYkd t"dygÜ ,fr½Sw d mcsn;f jzpfwm
aygY}
]tJonfwek ;f u 'godvv Ykd m; bk&m;}
]'gvnf; rodb;l / Nird ;f w,fç aumif;w,fvnf; rodb;l }
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]tJonftxd rqifjcifrw d myJ}
]bmaMumifY rqifjcifrw d mvJ}

ÓPuxm 277
]OD;Zif;OD;wnfcsuu f Nird ;f zdçYk rNird ;f zdYk r[kwbf ?J bk&m; bm

ajymovJ-odzYkd jzpfaevdYk aerSmygyJ}
]onfvq kd akd wmY tJonfwek ;f u bmqifjcifro d vJ}
]qifjcifrdwmu cyfqef;qef;yJ}
]bmrdv Yk J bk&m;}
]y&rwfawGvnf; t½Srd [kwaf wmYb;l -qdv k sif wd-Yk aemifb0
udk b,fvu kd ;l rvJ-qdw k m jzpfvyYkd }J
]rqDrqdkifvdkYyJaemf}
][kww f ,f? 'gayrJ-Y }
]qufygOD;}
]oG,f0dkufNyD;awmY qdkifaewm ½Sdw,f]
]b,fvdkvJ}
]udef;aewJYpdwfxJrSm w&m;½SmwJYtaeeJY bk&mYw&m;awG
avYvmwm/ avYvm&if; bk&m;aysmufaevdkY bk&m;½SmykHawmf
zGi&Yf wm/ bk&m;awGUvsif w&m;awGUr,f/ w&m;awGUvsif aemifb0
jyóem r½Sb d ;l / w&m;rawGUao;wJt Y wGuf aemifb0jyóem ½Sd
aew,f/ onfvkd jzpfaewmyJ}
]w&m;[m aemifb0twGuf vdw k maygY bk&m;}
][kww f maygY/ aemifb0twGuf w&m;½Sm&wm-qdw k may:
rSm todpw d u f &yfwnfaewmyJ}
]onfawmY oufqdkifwmaygY}
][kwfw,f]
]aemifb0jyóemaMumifY w&m;½Sm&wmqdak wmY aemifb0

278 ÓPuxm
wnf½SdrI ,drf;,dkifovdk jzpfw,fqdkwm od&awmY? tJonfbuf

pdwu f ;l ua&mufomG ;rSmaygY aemf}
][kwfw,f/ onftwdkif;yJ]
]y&rwft½St d jzpfu avQmuswmeJY aemifb0ul;zdYk cuf
wmu b,fvykd wfoufwmvJ bk&m;}
]aemifb0jzpfapwm[m ]uH}? 'grSr[kwf ]uHowå}d yJ/ 'gawG
[m y&rw¬awGy/J 'gawG t½St d jzpfuavsmusvsif aemifb0udk
b,fol ydUk rvJ/ aemifb0a&mufatmif b,fol o,faqmifrvJ/
onfvdkcufoGm;wmaygY}
][kwfwmyJ}
]onfawmY-qufpdwful;w,f}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]aemifb0 ul;vdrYk &awmYb;l qdv k sif onfw&m;awGu bm
vkyf&rSmvJ-vdkYyJ}
][kwfwmaygY}
]onfvq kd ?kd ]w&m;}qdw k m r½Sad wmYb;l vm;? onfvvkd nf;
pdwful;w,f}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]w&m;r½Sv d sif onfw&m;udak [mwJY bk&m;qdw k mvnf; ½Sd
vdjYk zpfygYrvm;? onfvv kd nf; pdwuf ;l u a&mufomG ;w,f]
]onfawmY-}
]tajztjzpfxu G v f mwmu ]bk&m;uawmY wu,f½cdS YJ
wmyJ/ oufaojyp&mawG trsm;tjym;yJ}

ÓPuxm 279
][kwfom;}
]oHCmawG[m bk&m;&JUwynfah wGy/J onfoC H mawG vuf
awGUrsuaf rSmufrmS ½Sad evdYk ig-ud,
k w
f ikd af wmif jzpfaew,f}
][kwfw,f}
]bk&m;r½Sb d J onfoC H mawG r½Sb d ;l /onfoCH mawG aqmif
aewJYw&m;awG[m bk&m;a[mcJYwmawGyJ}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]a[mwJYae&meJY a[mwmudk emwJYolawGawmif txift
½Sm;ygw,f}
]onfawmY-}
]bk&m;½Sw d muawmY trSeyf }J
][kwo f m; bk&m;}
]bk&m;½Svd sif ]w&m;}vnf; ½S&d rSmtrSeyf }J
][kwfwmaygY}
]tJonfw&m;u bmvJ? aemifb0 ul;p&mr½Sad wmYb;l qdk
vsif tJonfw&m;[m ½Szd Ykd vdak o;vdv Yk m;}
]awG;p&maygY}
]onfb0rSmaum w&m;u vdt k yfygovm;}
]ar;&rSmyJ bk&m;}
]onfb0uvlawG w&m;&aeMuNyDvm;}
]ppf&rSmyJ]
]rw&m;aeMuwmawG wif;Murf;½SdwmyJ}
][kwfygY}

280 ÓPuxm
]vlUb0[m rw&m;awG ½Sad ewmyJ}

]'g trSeyf J bk&m;}
]rw&m;qdv k sif tJonf ]rw&m;&JUajymif;jyefvnf; ½Srd mS
jzpfw,f}/ tJ'g[m ]w&m;}aygY}
][kwfom;yJ}
]onfvq kd vkd sif ]w&m;rodayrJ?Y rw&m;udk odaewm}-yJ}
]rSefwmyJ}
]rw&m;-[m bmawGv}J
]ar;awmY-}
]ud,k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk vGeuf sL;rIawG[m rw&m;awG}-yJ}
][kww f maygY bk&m;? [kww f mygY}
]'gawG[m ]uH}awGy}J
][kwyf g&JU bk&m;}
]um,uH? 0pDu?H raemuH}awGvaYkd c:wJY ]uH}awGy}J
][kwfygY}
]uH}udk bk&m;u wu,fa[mwmyJ}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]uHomvsif rdrOd pöm? uHomvsif tarGc?H uHomvsif aqGrsKd ;?
uHomvsif vJavsmif;yke;f atmif; rScD &kd m}- tp½Sw d mawGukd bk&m;
a[mwmyJ}
][kwfw,f}
]bk&m;[m ur®0g'D}vdYk ajymvd&Yk wJt Y xdvnf; ½Scd w
YJ myJ}
]½SdwmyJ}

ÓPuxm 281
]uH[m tcsufav;csufxGufw,f}
]yXru bmvJ}
]uHaumif;}-yJ}
]'kwd,uaum}
]uHqdk;}-aygY}
]wwd,u-}
]uHaumif;&JU tusKd ;}aygY}
]pwkw¬u-}
]uHq;kd &JU tjypf}-yJ}
]csKUH ajymawmY ]taumif;çtqd;k ? tusKd ;çtjypf}-aygY bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]uHwpfcw k nf;u xGuv f mwJY tcsuaf v;yg;aygY}
][kww f ,f/ 'gudk ]b&k m;u tifpu kd t
f m;pduk f a[mwmyJ}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]ppfMunfah wmY ]uaH umif;awG[m w&m;jzpfNy;D ? uHq;kd awG
[mrw&m;awG}-yJ/}
]NyD;awmYvnf; ]uHaumif;&JUtusdK;qdkwmawG[m 'ku©Nidrf;rI
awGjzpfNyD;? uHq;kd &JU tjypfqwkd mawG[m 'kua© &mufraI wG} jzpf
wmyJ}
]trSeaf wGyJ bk&m;}
]jrwfpmG bk&m;[m ]onfreS u f efcsuaf wG}udk a[mwmvnf;
onfreS uf efcsuu f av;yg;yJ/ ]'ku©}-&,f? ]'kuj© zpfaMumif;}-&,f?

282 ÓPuxm
]'kuc© sKyNf ird ;f rI}&,f? ]'kuc© sKyNf ird ;f aMumif;}-&,f ygyJ}

]tqd;k awG[m 'kuj© zpfaMumif;? tqd;k &JUtjypfawGu 'ku?©
taumif;awGu 'kuc© sKyNf ird ;f aMumif;? tusKd ;awGu 'kuN© irfd ;f rIawG}-
aygY}
][kww f ,f? bk&m;[m 'ga[mwmyJ/ 'g[m ]opömav;yg;}yJ}
]'gu bmopömvJ bk&m;}
]vlukd jzLpif½;kd om;apzdq Yk ikd &f m trSewf &m;jzpfvYkd ]t&d,
opöm}vdYk bk&m;a[mwmyJ}
][kwyf gY bk&m;? wu,fyJ ½d;k om;zdyYk }J
]uH&UJ opöm} jzpfvYkd ]ur®opöm}vdaYk c:vnf; &ygw,f/Ny;D awmY
]uH}udk bk&m;u ]b0}vdYk ac:wmqdak wmY? onfopömudk ]b0opöm}
vdYk ac:vsiv f nf; &ygw,f}
]bke;f Bu;D u emrnfawG a½Smufay;ukeNf y}D
]odou l ajymwm rvGyJ gbl;}
][kwfrSmygyJ}
]uJ-onfpum;awG ½Snv f mvdu k w
f m onfrmS yJ&yfxm;vdYk
rNyD;bl;}
]qufygOD; bk&m;}
]a½SUqufvYkd rjzpfb;l }
]b,fvv kd nf; bk&m;}
]aemuf jyefquf&rSm}
]aemufupum;eJY pyfrad tmifaygY/ aemuf jyefpyf&rSmyg]

ÓPuxm 283
]aMomf-]bk&m; bmajymw,f}qdw k meJvY m; bk&m;}

][kww f ,f? onfpum;awG xGuv f mwm[m ]bk&m;bm
ajymw,f}-qdw k m qifjcifwmu pwmyJ}
][kwfom;yJ]
]tck [dq k ifjcif? onfpOf;pm;eJY bk&m;bmajymw,f-qdw k m
a&mufvmNyDaemf}
][kwyf gw,f/ ]bk&m;u uHeYJ uHopömawGudk t&d,opöm-
qdkNyD;a[mwm}yJ}
]'godawmY ]aoNy;D aemuf jzpfçrjzpf}qdw k pYJ um;awG rajym
bJaeEdik wf mvnf; odomG ;w,f}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]bk&m;ajymwJpY um;u ]uH}awGqakd wmY ]uH}awGu vlukd
rvGefMubl;/ aoNy;D jzpfçrjzpfpum;awGu vlukd vGeMf uw,f/ 'g
aMumifY jzpfçrjzpfpum;awG rajymwm}-yJ}
]uH}u vlukd b,fvrkd vGew f mvJ}
]uHaumif;ç uHq;kd [m vlrSmyJjzpfw,f/ uHaumif;çuHq;kd &JU
tusdK;eJYtjypfuvnf; vlrSmyJjzpfw,f/ onfawmY uHu vludk
rvGefwmaygY}
][kwfwmyJ}
]tJonfwek ;f u Oyrmwpfck ay:cJw Y ,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]bk&m;[m aq;q&m-vdyYk }J
]wlyHk vkyyf gOD;}

284 ÓPuxm
]aq;q&m[m vlem&JU ud, k af y:rSmjzpfwYJ tema&m*gud?k

tJonfval y:rSmyJ a&m*gjzpfaMumif; trIu½kd mS Ny;D ? tJonfval y:rSm
yJ a&m*gaysmufatmif? tJonfvu l kd aq;wdu k wf ,f/ aq;q&m[m
tJonfvl rarG;cifueJY aoNy;D awG rygbl;}
][kwwf ,f/ rygbl; bk&m;}
]bk&m;uvnf; vlrmS jzpfwYJ 'kuj© zpfaMumif; ½SmNy;D ? vlrmS
'kua© ysmufatmif vlrmS 'kua© ysmufaMumif;awG tusicYf ikd ;f wmyJ/
onf ]val oNy;D jzpfçrjzpfeYJ bmrS roufqikd b f ;l }-vdkYyJ}
][kwfwmaygY}
]onfawmY bk&m;u ]aoNy;D jzpfw,fçrjzpfb;l ? j zpfwm
vnf; r[kwçf rjzpfwmvnf;r[kwb f ;l } qdw
k mawG b,fajymrvJ-
vdYk odvmw,f}
][kwfwmaygY}
]bk&m;udk onfvkd odomG ;awmY w&m;udv k nf; odomG ;wm
jzpfoGm;wmaygY}
][kwfrSmyJ}
]tvsiu f odxm;wJY bk&m;&,f? w&m;&,feYJ tckow d YJ bk
&m;&,f? w&m;&,fuawmY rwlawmYb;l jzpfomG ;w,f}
]b,fvkd uGmoGm;wmvJ}
]tvsiu f odwb YJ &k m;u ]b0toacst F ocsmF usiv f nf&
wmawGeYJ aoNy;D w&m;&vsirf jzpfrmS a[mwJb Y &k m;} jzpfaew,f}
]tckodwJYbk&m;u b,fvdkvJ}

ÓPuxm 285
]tckow d bYJ &k m;u ]vrl mS 'ku?© 'kuj© zpfaMumif;eJY 'kuN© ird ;f &m
eJY 'kuN© ird ;f aMumif;awGu}kd a[mwJb Y &k m;} jzpfvmw,f}
]tvsifuodwJYw&m; b,fvdkvJ}
]vlrmS taumif;ç raumif; bmjzpfjzpf? rcHpm;yJ aeEdik af wmY
wJY tvGerf eG jf rwfwYJ rodwJYw&m;}-yJ]
]tckodwmuaum}
]tckow d w YJ &m;u ]val wGtay:rSm usL;vGerf rI ½Sw d t
YJ &m}
awGyJ}
]w&m;odwYJ tcsed rf mS bk&m;odNy;D ? bk&m;a[mif;u ajymif;
oGm;wmaygY}
][kwfw,f}
]bkef;BuD;b0rSm bk&m;ESpfql ½SdcJYzl;wm jzpfoGm;wmaygY
bk&m;}
][kwyf gw,f? 'gayrJY wNyKd ief ufawmY r[kwyf gbl;/ bk&m;
rSef odawmY tvsib f &k m;[m uG,of mG ;ygw,f/ tckb&k m; r½Scd ifu
yJ tvsib f &k m;u ½Sad ewmyg}
][kwfrSmyg}
]w&m;tm;xkwfzdkYtwGuf bmudk tm;xkwf&r,f-qdkwm
onfvkd ]w&m;odvsif jzpfEdkifwm} odavmufygw,faemf}
]odomygw,f bk&m;}
]onfvkd ]w&m;rodb}J tm;xkwv f Ykd rjzpfEikd yf v
Hk nf; o
abmaygufavmufygw,faemf}
]oabmaygufygw,f}

286 ÓPuxm
]w&m;odzt Ykd wGuf w&m;awGukd onfvkd pdppf&w,f- qdk

wmvnf; jrifomavmufygw,faemf}
]jrifomygw,f}
]w&m;awGpdppfEdkifzdkY udk,fYb0awGudk odaezdkYvdkwmvnf;
odomygw,faemf}
]odyf odomygw,f bk&m;]
]cifAsm;ukdajymcJYwJYpum;awG odyf½Snfvsm;oGm;cJYNyD}
]aus;Zl;awGvnf; teEÅjzpfrmS yg/ bk&m;wynfah wmf uk, d Yf
ud,k u f akd &m? ud, k af vQmuf&rnfv h rf;udak &m odjrifEikd w f tYJ jzpf ½Scd YJ
ygNy}D
][kwfNyD}
]wynfhawmftaeeJY t½Sifbk&m;udka&m? w&m;udkyg awGU&
wm-vdYk rSw, f yl gw,fb&k m;}
]0rf;omygw,f}
]wynfah wmfukd t½Sib f &k m; qk;H rEdik o
f v
l Ykd rSw,f al y;yg}

ÓPuxm 287
38/ jrpfi,fNrKd U oBueF af usmif; w&m;aqG;aEG;avYvmol

wumig;OD;ESi½Yf iS Ó
f P awGUqkaH jymqdak om pum;
]wumBu;D wdb Yk ek ;f Bu;D u olUwumBu;D awGjzpfwYJ wumBu;D

wdeYk YJ w&m;aqG;aEG;apcsiv f eG ;f vdYk xifygw,f/ rif;uGe;f u onfukd
ta&muf OD;Zif;udk ac:vmygw,f}
]wynfhawmfwdkYuvnf; w&m;"r®udk aqmufwnfyGm;rsm;
aewJY OD;Zif;udk awGUcsiq f cHk sif w&m;awG ajymcsiyf gw,fb&k m;}
]w&m;"r®ukd avYvmyGm;rsm;MuwJY wumBu;D wdu Yk kd awGU&
wm 0rf;omygw,f}
]wynfhawmfwdkYuvnf; txl;0rf;omygw,f}
]opfo;D 0vHeYJ pm;aomufz, G u
f av;awG pm;vdu k Mf uygOD;/
pm;&if;aomuf&if;yJ pum;ajymMuwmaygY}
]OD;Zif; toufb,favmuf ½So d mG ;NyvD }J
]okH;q,fydkydkav;aygY}
]odyf-i,fao;wmyJ}
]OD;Zif; b,foel rYJ S w&m;rajymqdb k ;l oavmufy/J wum
BuD;wdkYuawmY toufawGvnf; ajcmufq,fausmfawGavmuf
½SMd ua&mYr,f/ w&m;awG t&nf0aeMuavmufNy}D
]aqG;aEG;0dik ;f awGrmS awmY tNryJ J ajymqdak ewmygyJ}
]aqG;aEG;wm[m tjrifq Y ;Hk ynm½Smenf;wpfrsKd ; jzpfygw,f/
'g[mr*FvmygyJ}

288 ÓPuxm
]OD;Zif;u i,fayrJY bkef;BuD;jzpfawmY wynfhawmfwdkYudk

w&m;"r®tcGiw Yf pfck wifjyay;yg/ tJ'gudk wynfah wmfwu Ykd ar;jref;
aqG;aEG;csifygw,f}
]at;Asm? tJ'gtwGufawmY tcGifYvTwfyg/ OD;Zif;taeeJY
tavYtxr½Sad wmY bmwifjyvsif awmfr,fqw kd m pdwx f rJ mS ray:
ygbl;/ wumBu;D wdYk aqG;aEG;avY½w dS YJ cGiw f pfcu k kd wifjyMuygvm;/
tJ'gudk oiYw f ,fxifçrxif OD;Zif;[m aqG;aEG;ay;yg&apvm;}
]aumif;ygNyD bk&m;/ wynfah wmfwYkd aMumifyef;q&mawmf
Bu;D edoseYJ wifjyygYr,f}
]wifjyyg}
]"mwfBu;D av;yg; ½Syd gw,f/ uu©Vvu©Pm½Sw d YJ yx0DeYJ
tmAEëvu©Pm½Sw d YJ tmayg? tp½Sw d mawGygyJ/ onf"mwfawG[m
wpfvkH;udkEdkifvsif tukefydkifwmygyJ}
]at;Asm? pum;ajymprSmyJ arwåm&yfyg&ap}
]bmvJbk&m;}
]w&m;"r®aqG;aEG;wJt Y cg y&rwfawGtaMumif; rajymap
csifygbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ bk&m;}
]y&rw¬awG[m w&m;r[kwv f yYkd g/ y&rw¬awGukd trsKd ;rsKd ;cGJ
jcrf;½SmazGvYkd w&m;r&Edik yf gbl;/ tusKd ;enf;wmawG jzpfapygvdrYf
r,f}
]y&rwfw&m; yGm;rsm;vsif tusKd ;enf;wmawG jzpfaprSm
vm;-bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 289
][kwyf gw,f? tusKd ;enf;apygvdrrYf ,f]

]OD;Zif;uvnf; ajymif;jyef ajymvdu k w f mvm; bk&m;]
]bmjzpfvYkd ajymif;jyefajymw,f xifwmvJ}
]y&rwf[m tvGejf rifjY rwfw[ YJ myJ}
]wumBu;D wdYk txifrmS ;aeMuNy}D
]tusdK;enf;w,fqdkwJYtaMumif; OD;Zif;u ay:vGifatmif
jyEdkifvdkYvm;}
]'g ay:vGiw f [YJ myJ}
]'gudk wynfah wmfwYkd em;axmifyg&ap}
]wumBu;D wdYk tck pm;aomufaeMuwmawG[m o&uf
oD;?oabFmoD; tp½Sw d mawG jzpfw,faemf? [kwv f m;-}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJ'gawGxrJ mS yx0D? tmayg tp½Sw d YJ "mwfawGvnf; yg
w,f/ tJonf pm;p&mawG[m yx0DpwJY "mwfawG&UJ tpkta0;
awGyJaygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfausmif;atmufu ajray:rSm ½Sad ewJY trIu d o
f ½du
k f
awG[mvnf; yx0DpwJY "mwftpkta0;awGyJ jzpfaew,f}
][kwfygw,f]
]onfawmY tpmuvnf; "mwfav;yg; jzpfaew,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]"mwf½v I sif trIu d ef t
YJ pm a&moGm;p&m ½Sw d ,f/ "mwfrsuf
apYeJYMunfhawmY trIduf&,f? tpm&,f r½SdawmYbJ jzpfoGm;r,faygY}

290 ÓPuxm
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvakd &moGm;vsif b,f[m aqmifr,f? b,f[ma½Smif
r,f bmeJYcGJrvJ}
]rcGEJ ikd yf gbl;]
]aqmifp&meJY a½Smifp&m cGo J rd ?S pm;p&m[m pm;vd&Yk vdrrYf ,f/
"mwf½Ivsif a½Smif&efeJY aqmif&ef rcGJEdkifjzpfNyD;? b,fvdkpm;rvJ?
tusdK;enf;NyDaygY}
]OD;Zif;ajymwmvnf; rrSm;ygbl;]
]ajymp&m½Sv d siv
f nf; ajymygOD;}
]ta&;wBu;D yJ? ajymp&m½Sw d m}
]ajymyg? em;axmifygYr,f}
]y&rwf r½Ivsif a,musfm;? rdef;rqdkwJY orkwdopömawG
aygavmay:aerSmaygY}
][kwfuJU? ay:aerSmyg]
]'gqdv k sif udavomudk b,fvkd Nird ;f owfMurvJ}
]udavomu bmYaMumifjY zpfwm xifvyYkd gvJ}
]rdef;rudk rdef;rvdkYjrifawmY rdef;rtm½kHedrdwfaMumifY udav
omjzpfw,f r[kwyf gvm; bk&m;}
]tJonfvkd ajymcsipf &m jzpfygw,f}
]r[kwfvdkYvm; bk&m;}
]tJonfvdk trSefr[kwfygbl;}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]r[kwfykHay:vGifatmif wumBuD;wdkYudk ar;cGef;enf;enf;

ÓPuxm 291
ar;Munfhr,faemf}
]ar;yg bk&m;}
]wumBu;D wdYk tar? tpfr? ESr? wlr? nDr tppawG wpfrsKd ;
r[kww f pfrsKd ; ½Sad eMurSmyJ? [kw&f UJ vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJ'gawG[m rde;f rawG[w k w f ,f r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJonfred ;f rawGukd rde;f rawGvYkd odaeMurSmyJaemf/ b,fvkd
vJ}
]odaeMuygw,f bk&m;}
]tJ'gawGtay:rSm udavomwPSmeJY jypfrmS ;zl;w,fqw kd m
½Sb
d ;l Muovm;? r½Sb d ;l Muavmufygbl;/ b,fvv kd AJ sm}
]b,f-½Sdbl;rvJbk&m;}
]at;Asm? Ny;D awmYvnf; tJonfoal wGu udavomwPSm
pdwf ray:Edik af vmufatmif ½ky&f nf½yl um csKd UwYaJ eMuolawGvnf;
rjzpfavmufygbl;/ olrsm;awGtaeeJY wPSmawG jzpfcsifvnf;
jzpfMurSmyJ? r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvdkqdk wumBuD;wdkYuvnf; udavomwPSm ukefae
Muvdv Yk m;-ar;vsif rukeaf Mumif; ajzMurSmyJ xifygw,f/ b,fvkd
vJ}
]rukeyf gbl; bk&m;}
]b,fvdkvJAsm-}

292 ÓPuxm
]'gawGu aqGrsdK;awGudk;]
]aqGrsKd ;qdw
k m awmfpyfwmu aqGrsKd ;vm;? odwmu aqGrsKd ;
vm;}
]awmfpyfwmu aqGrsdK;aygYbk&m;]
]awmfpyfayrJY vlrSef;rodcifuyJ uGJoGm;NyD;? BuD;rSawGUw,f
qdv
k sif tJonfol aqGrsKd ;jzpfygYrvm;}
]rodayrJY aqGrsKd ;aygYb&k m;}
]tJonfou l kd udavomwPSmpdwf ray:Edik b f ;l vm;}
]ay:Edkifygw,f}
][kwNf yAD sm/ aemufwpfck ar;r,f}
]ar;ygbk&m;]
]aqGrsKd ; wu,frawmfayrJY rodwt YJ ½G,u f &cJw Y YJ tar?
tpfr?ESrawGukd aqGrsKd ;&if;awGvYkd odaew,f/ 'grsKd ;vnf; ½SEd ikd w f ,f
r[kwfygvm;}
]½SEd ikd yf gw,f/ ½Sv
d nf; ½Sad eMuygw,f}
]tJonfoal wG tay:rSm udavomwPSmpdwf jzpfEikd yf gY
rvm;}
]rjzpfEdkifygbl; bk&m;}
]wumBu;D wdYk ajymcJw Y pYJ um;? ESpcf eG ;f ½So
d mG ;Ny}D
]bmawGvJ bk&m;}
]aqGrsdK;[m wu,fjzpfayrJY? rodvsif udavomwPSm
ay:Edik w
f ,f/ aqGrsKd ; wu,frawmfayrJY awmfw,f-vdYk odaevsif
udavomwPSm ray:Edik b f ;l -qdwk myJ}
][kwyf gw,f/ onfvykd J ajymcJyY gw,f}
ÓPuxm 293
]wumBu;D wdu Yk rde;f rudk rde;f rvdoYk vd sif udavomwPSm

ay:rSm ajymcJYw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]tar? tpfrawGudk rdef;r-vdkY odayrJY udavomwPSm
ray:ygvm;-ajymawmY aqGrsKd ;rdUk yg? ajymcJw Y ,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]aqGrsKd ;rSe;f rodwYJ aqGrsKd ;qdv k sif udavomwPSm ay:
Edik w
f ,f/ aqGrsKd ;r[kwaf yrJY aqGrsKd ;vdYk odaevsif udavomwPSm
ray:Edik bf ;l / onfvykd J ajymcJw Y ,f}
]ajymcJyY gw,f bk&m;}
]onfawmY udavomudk wm;wm[m? wu,faY qGrsKd ; jzpf
wmuvm;? aqGrsKd ;vdYk odwmuvm;-vdYk Munfv h si?f ]odwmu}om
wm;Edik w
f mvnf; awGUcJ&Y Ny}D
][kwfygw,f}
]onfawmY ]odwm}eJpY yfNy;D ? wumBu;D wdu Yk kd enf;enf;ar;OD;
r,f}
]ar;yg bk&m;}
]aqGrsKd ;udk aqGrsKd ;-vdoYk wd m ]ynm}vm;}
]r[kwyf gbl; bk&m;}
]0dnmPfod-vm;}
]0dnmPfodvnf; r[kwfygbl;}
]onmodvm;}
][kwfygw,f/ vlY"avYudk rSwfom;xm;wJYtod qdkawmY

294 ÓPuxm
]onmod}-jzpfrSmyg}
]'gawGudk aygif;Munfhvdkufvsif aqGrsdK;? tar? tpfr? ESr
awGtay:rSm udavomwPSm ray:wm[m ]aqGrsKd ;jzpfv}Ykd r[kwf
bl;?]aqGrsKd ;}-vdYk odaewJoY nm}aMumifY ray:wmvdYk t"dygÜ ,f a&muf
roGm;bl;vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfawmY ]rde;f rudk rde;f r}vdYk odayrJY udavomwPSm
ray:atmif ]onmu wm;Edik w f ,f}qdw
k m tajzrxGub f ;l vm;}
]xGufygw,f}
]onm}uav;eJY udavomwPSmudk wm;EdkifwmqdkawmY
udavomwPSmyGm;zdUk twGuf ]rde;f rudk rde;f rvdYk rodatmif}vkyzf Ykd
bmvdkawmYovJ}
]'gu avmuDenf;eJY wm;wmavmufyJ jzpfrmS aygYb&k m;}
]udavomwm;zdkYtwGuf rvkHavmufbl; xifvdkYvm;}
]onfuad vomNirfd ;f wm w'*FjzpfrmS aygY}
]w'*F}qdw k m ]wpfcP}ajymwmvm;? wpfpw d w
f pfyikd ;f } ajym
wmvm;}
]bmyJjzpfjzpfaygY bk&m;? udavom tjywfNidrf;wmawmY
r[kwfbl;aygY}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJAsm}
]'g-]ynm}rS r[kww f m bk&m;? ]onm}uav;yJ[m}
]udavomwPSmjzpfwmu b,foaYl MumifjY zpfwm xifo
vJ}

ÓPuxm 295
]bke;f Bu;D yJ ajymygOD;}

]onm}aMumifY jzpfwm}
]rde;f rudk rde;f rvdoYk w
d YJ onmaMumif?Y [kww f maygY bk&m;}
]'gr[kww f mudk t½SnBf u;D ajymcJNY y;D NyyD /J xdik &f mu rx&
ao;bl;/ 'gudk jyefaumufawmYrvdv Yk m;? tpm;cH&wJu Y sm;udk upm;
yGJ rNy;D cif? upm;wJt Y uGux f J jyefrxnf&h bl;avAsm}
]b,fonmaMumifY udavomjzpfwmvJ bk&m;}
]azmufjyefwYJ onm}aMumifY udavomwPSmjzpfwmyg}
]igç olwyg;ç a,musmf ;-rde;f rç tp½Sw d mawG[m wu,f
t½Sad wGrS r[kwb f bJ &k m;/ orkwo d pömawGy?J EIwcf rf;ESpv f mT Mum;
rSm jzpfyGm;aysmufysufwmawGyJ}
]ajymNyD}
]r[kwfbl;vm; bk&m;}
]b,fuvm EIwcf rf;ESpv f mT Mum;rSm jzpf&rSmvJ}
]ajym&umrQyJ jzpfw,f r[kwyf gvm;}
]wu,fYavmuxJrSm rdef;rqdkwmr½Sdbl;vm;? pum;vkH;yJ
½Sdwmvm;}
]b,f[m rdef ;f rvJ bk&m;}
]rde;f rqdwk m½Smvsif yx0D? tmayg? awaZm? 0ga,myJ &
r,f- qdkvdkwmvm;}
]tJ'gawGtjyif ½Sad o;vdv Yk m;}
]wumBuD;wdkY[m opfyifyJ jrifwwfNyD; awmrjrifwwfol
awGvdkjzpfaeNyD}

296 ÓPuxm
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]rdbeJYtwl awmxJvdkufvmwJY uav;wpfa,mufu
a&mufwt YJ cg ]taz- awmub,f[mvJ}vdYk ar;w,f/ tazvkyf
olu ]'g awmyJ}vdaYk jymawmY ]awmvdo Yk majym&w,f jrifvnf;rjrif
&bl;? opfyifawGcsn;f jrifae&wmyJ}vdYk ajymw,f/ ]'g awmac:wm
yJumG }vdYk zatu jyefajymw,f/ ]awm}qdw k m pum;yJ½w dS ,f? w
u,fr½Sb d ;l ? opfyify½J w dS ,f-vdYk om;uxifomG ;ovdk jzpfaewmyJ}
]uav;xifwm wu,frrSefbl;vm;}
]uav;yJ b,f-rSew f modrvJ}
]uav;ajymwm rSm;w,f-vdYk b,fvakd jymrvJ bk&m;}
]uav;todu i,fawmY ]awm}vdt k m½ku
H kd jrifEikd af vmuf
atmif todÓPfu r½Sad o;vdYk ]awm}qkw d m pum;yJ½w dS m-vdYk ajym
&rSmyJ}
]wynfhawmfwdkYvnf; uav;yJvm;}
]yx0Dç tmayg-pwmawGy½J w dS ,f? a,musmf ;-rde;f rawG[m
yg;pyfzsm;u[mawGvdkY odaeao;w,fqdkvsifawmY ]uav;tod}yJ
½Sad eao;wmjzpfvYkd ]uav;}yJ ajym&rnft Y jzpfu ajy;rvGwb f ;l }
]orkwdopömawG[m wu,ft½Sdvm;}
]opöm}qdrk aS wmY t½Sad wGaygY}
]EIwcf rf;ESpv f mT Mum;rSmom ½Sw d m r[kwb f ;l vm;}
]avmurSm wu,fr½Sdwmajym&vsif ]opömr[kwfbl;}/
wu,f½w dS majymwm[m ]opöm}yJ? ]orkwo d pöm}[m ]orkw}d tjzpf
wu,f½SdwmaygY}

ÓPuxm 297
]orkwt d jzpf½w dS m[m wu,f½w dS mr[kwb f ;l r[kwv

f m;}
]orkwu d tjyiftm½kcH t H *FgjzpfwYJ rsuaf pYçem;çESmçvQmçud, k f
awG&UJ todct H m½kH r[kwb f ;l / ]pdwt f m½kcH t H *Fg}eJo
Y m od&rnft h m½kH
jzpfvYkd tJonftm½kcH t H *Fg tzGUH NzKd ;enf;wJo Y al wG rodMuwm/wu,f
r½Sdwm r[kwfbl;}
]'gaMumifY yx0D? tmayg-awGajymwmudk rajymeJ-Y vdYk wm;
wmvm;}
]yef;wdik ef UJ vGaJ evd}Yk
]wynfah wmfwYkd yef;wdik u f bmvJ}
]udavomwPSm} Nird ;f zdaYk v}
]tJ'g bmeJNY ird ;f &rSmvJ}
]onm}eJYaygY]
]&rvm; bk&m;}
]yGm;xm;wJo Y nm r[kww f meJaY wmif &aewmyJ}
]tJ'g &wmvm;bk&m;}
]&aewmr[kwv f Ykd ]bmjzpfaewm} ajym&rvJ? ]x}aevdYk
vm;}
]rx}ayrJY bk&m;-}
]rx}wm ]&}aewmyJaygY}
]tm;vk;H tay: ]rx}atmifrS rwwfEikd w f m}
}tm;vk;H tay: ]onmrSerf S ryGm;}wm}
]yGm;vsif &rSmvm;}
]&r,f}

298 ÓPuxm
]onmrSe}f u b,fvdkonmvJ}
]razmufjyefwYJ onm} aygY}
]azmufjyefw,fqdkwmu b,fvdkvJ}
]rvSbJ vSw,fxifwm} azmufjyefwmaygY}
]vSvdkY vSw,fxifwmusawmYaum}
]vSwmu b,fvdkrdkYvJ}
]ud,
k pYf w
d u
f xifwmaygY}
]vSwmrodbJ vSw,fxifwm[m onmazmufjyefwm}
awGyJ}
]ud,k rYf mS wu,ftok;H uswm[m vSwmvm;}
]'gqdv k sif tJonfoq l rD mS wu,ftok;H ruswmawGu t
ok;H uswmawGxuf tqrsm;pGm rrsm;bl;vm;}
]rsm;EdkifwmyJ}
]tJonf rvSwmawG Munfv h sif vSwmjrifcsuaf wG acgif;
raxmifEikd jf zpfNy;D wPSmNird ;f NyaD ygY}
]aus;Zl;ygyJ bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 299
39/ rif;bl;NrKd U ½Siyf ifpuúed ;f wJb&k m; aemufausmzufrS

ausmif;½Sd vdP
k *f w
l iG ;f ü ud&k ifBu;D wpfyg;tm; ½SiÓ
f P
awGUqkHajymaom w&m;pum;
]wpfO;D wnf; bmawGBuw d vf yk af ewmvJ bk&m;}

]wynfah wmf OD;&ifBu;D yg}
]aMomf-OD;&ifBu;D ud;k / touf b,favmuf½o dS mG ;Nyv
D }J
]ig;q,fausmyf g bk&m;}
]OD;&ifBu;D onfrmS pum;enf;enf;ajymr,faemf? &rvm;}
]ajymygbk&m;}
]OD;&ifBu;D *lBu;D u us,v f nf;us,f eufvnf;eufyg&JU/ oJ
awGu wzGm;zGm;eJY bmrS vdrf;usHrxm;bl;aemf? ausmufacwfvdkPf
Bu;D awG onfvykd J aervm;yJ}
]rajymwwfygbl;}
]OD ; &if B uD ; uvnf ; onf * l B uD ; xJ aeaevd k u f w m
a½S;a[mif;vl
Bu;D usaewmyJ}
]onfvdkjzpfatmifaewm r[kwfygbl;}
]OD;&ifBu;D u onf*Bl u;D xJ bmawGukd Buw d v
f yk af ewmvJ}
]bmrS rvkyyf gbl;}
]onfae&mrsKd ;[m Buw d vf yk af ewJv Y al wG aewwfwYJ ae&m
rsdK;yJ}
][kwrf mS ygyJ bk&m;}

300 ÓPuxm
]OD;&ifBu;D aum bmawGBuw d v

f yk of vJ? tJ'grajymvsiaf wmY
OD;Zif; onf*x l u J rxGub f J ae&rSmyJ}
]bmrS txl;taxG rvkyyf gbl;/ w&m;tm;xkww f myJ vkyf
wmyg}
]tJ'g Buw d v f yk wf myJ jzpf&r,f}
]'g- vkyw f mqdv k siaf wmY vkyw f maygY]
]OD;&ifBu;D bmw&m;awG &Ny;D Nyv D }J
]bmw&m;rS r&ao;ygbl;]
]bmrS r&ao;vdaYk wmY jzpfygYrvm;}
]onfvykd J vky&f wmyJ r[kwv f m;}
]tm;xkww f ,fqw kd m yGm;rsm;wmyJ r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]yGm;rsm;w,f-qdw k m ½SNd y;D om;udk rsm;vmatmifymG ;wmudyk J
ac:wmyJ/ onfawmY OD;&ifBu;D vnf; &Ny;D om;udk yGm;aewm jzpf&rSm
aygY}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]onfvq kd v kd siaf wmY OD;&ifBu;D [m raumif;ygbl;]
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]ykpH w
H pfck ajymr,f}
]ajymyg bk&m;}
]rD;zdwk pfcrk mS rD;arT;avmifpmawG tjynfx h nfyh g/ rD;rxnfh
bJ rD;avmifygYrvm;}
]ravmifEdkifavmufygbl;]

ÓPuxm 301
]rD;avmifapcsiv f Ykd rIwaf y;aer,f? rD;avmifygYrvm;}

]ravmifygbl;}
]ravmifrcsi;f rIwaf eç ,yfcwfaevsirf sm; rD;avmifrvm;}
]b,fenf;eJrY Q ravmifEikd yf gbl;/
]rD;uav; enf;enf;uav;jzpfjzpf rD;avmifpmxJxnfNh y;D
rIwv f siaf wmY avmifrmS aemf}
][kwyf gw,f? avmifrmS yg}
]rsm;rsm;rIwv f sif rD;awmuftBu;D Bu;D jzpfatmif avmifrmS
aemf}
]avmifrSmyJ}
][kww f ,f/ rD;avmifapcsiv f sif rD;zdrk mS avmifpmxnfNh y;D
rIwaf e½keH YJ r&bl;/ rD;enf;enf;jzpfjzpf ½Srd /S r½Sv d siv
f nf; ½Sad tmif
xnfah y;rS jzpfrmS yJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]OD;&ifBu;D [m rD;r½Sb d J rD;rIwaf y;aeovdk jzpfaew,feYJ wl
w,f}
]rajymwwfygbl;}
]onfvdkqdkawmY OD;&ifBuD;xuf OD;Zif;u t&awmfovdk
jzpfao;w,f}
]b,fvakd Mumifv Y J bk&m;}
]OD;&ifBu;D u tm;xkww f ,f? r&bl;/ OD;Zif;u tm;rxkwf
bl;/ twlwyl J r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}

302 ÓPuxm
]'gayrJY OD;&ifBuD; a½S;a[mif;oJ*lBuD;xJrSm rIef0g;0g;eJY

ae&w,f/ OD;Zif;u ajrjyifus,fBuD;ay:rSm vwfqwfwJYavawG
wtm;½Iu
d ½f LS Ny;D ½Icif;tvSawGMunfNh y;D ? ae&wmaygY}
][kwfrSmyg]

ÓPuxm 303
40/ awmifwiG ;f Bu;D NrKd UewfraDS wm&ausmif;ü q&mawmf

½SiOf uú|tm; ½SiÓ f Pajymaom pum;
]wynfah wmf? reufjzefrmS jyefciG jYf yKyg q&mawmf/ rjyefcif

onfnrSm ar;cGe;f pum;uav; enf;enf;avmuf ar;cGijYf yKyg}
]rif;u bmar;rSmvJ}
]oH;k cGe;f avmufyJ ar;rSmyg q&mawmf]
]ar;uGm]
]q&mawmfausmif;udk wynfah wmf vGecf w YJ o
YJ ;Hk &ufavmuf
u a&mufcyYJ gw,f/ q&mawmfxu H aeYpOfa[majymwJY ]vlao
vl j zpf w &m;}-ud k emMum;&ygw,f / tJ o nf ]vl a ovl j zpf } -
tbd"r®m[m q&mawmf&UJ tbd"r®mvm;?Ak't ¨ bd"r®mvm;-qdw k m
wynfah wmf odyg&ap q&mawmf}
]Ak't ¨ bd"r®mu vGecf wYJ YJ ESpaf ygif;ESpaf xmifiY g;&mausmu f
ay:cJwY YJ tbd"r®myJ/ ]vlaovljzpf tbd"r®m}-u wdYk tckraS &;wJY
tbd"r®myJ}
]wifygYbk&m;}
]rif;-'DCedum,fudk avYvmbl;ovm;}
]wifygYbk&m;}
]'DCedum,fxu J oDvu©E0¨ *fukd zwfaygY}
]wifygY bk&m;}
]tJonfrSm ]au0¥okwf}-awGU&r,f}
]tJonfpm[m wynfah wmf oif½;kd tjzpfeYJ oif,cl zYJ ;l wJY

304 ÓPuxm
pmygyJ/ tJonf ]au0¥okw}f xJu qdv k w

kd b
YJ ,fpum;udk wynfh
awmfukd odapcsiw f mygvdrYf q&mawmf}
]tJonfxrJ mS *gxmwpfy'k yf gw,f/ ]0dnmPH ted'óeH
teEÅH oAÁawm ybH ,w¬ tmaygp yx0D awaZm 0ga,m }-
qdkNyD;awmYyJ}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]tJonfrmS bk&m;u edAmÁ efyJ yx0D? tmayg? awaZm? 0g
a,m raxmufwnfEikd w f m}-vdYk a[mxm;wmudk awGU&vdrrYf ,f}
]wifygYbk&m;}
]tJonfusrf;xJu ]ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓPf tzGifYawG
Munfv h siv f nf; vl[m tvsiu f vnf; ]vl}yJ jzpfcw
YJ m awGU&rSmyg}
]b,fvzkd iG x
Yf m;wmeJY ywfoufvYkd od&rSmvJ bk&m;}
]tJonfrmS tzGiiYf g;csuf ygw,fumG }
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]{0H Zmwd {0H emarm {0H a*gawåm {0H rm[ma&m {0H
okc'ku© y#doaH 0'D}- qdNk y;D awmYy/J
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]Zmwf?trnf?tEG,fawG ½Sdwmu vlawGuGm/ b,fvdktpm
pm;Ny;D ? b,fvkd qif;&Jcsr;f om cHpm;wmu ]vl}-yJ}
]wifygbk&m;}
]vl}-[m ]vl}-yJ jzpfcaYJ Mumif; bk&m;a[mxm;wm onfvkd
awGUEdik wf ,f aygYumG }

ÓPuxm 305
]onfvq kd akd wmY onftbd"r®m[m q&mawmf tckraS &;wJY

tbd"r®mjzpfvYkd ]q&mawmf&UJ tbd"r®m} jzpfayrJY onftbd"r®m[m
bk&m;&JU a[majymcsuef n YJ w
D YJ tbd"r®mjzpfw,f-vdYk rSw&f r,faygY
bk&m;/
aemufwpfcsuf wynfah wmf xyfavQmufyg&apbk&m;/ ]vl
aovljzpf tbd"r®m}-[m yx0D? tmayg? awaZm? 0ga,mawG
rysupf ;D bl;-qdw k t YJ csuf tkwjf rpfvkd t&mcsNy;D rSyJ tJonftw k jf rpf
ay:rSm aqmufxm;wJY tbd"r®m jzpfaewm od&ygw,f/ onfawmY
onftkwfjrpfjzpfwJY yx0D? tmayg? awaZm? 0ga,m[m rysub f ;l
qdw
k mudk q&mawmf bmeJo Y ufaoxljyrvJ} q&mawmf/
]at;- rif;udk igar;&OD;r,f}
]ar;ygbk&m;}
]rif;- igxdik af ewJY onfuv k m;xdik Bf u;D udk zsuyf pfEikd o
f vm;}
]zsuEf ikd yf gw,f bk&m;}
]rif;zsuv f nf; ukvm;xdik yf J ysurf mS / opfom;awGç Burd af wG
uawmY rysub f ;l }
]wifygbk&m;}
]rif;u rD;½IUd zsurf vm;? 'gvnf; opfom;awG? Burd af wGyJ
ysurf ,f/ ]yx0D? tmayg? awaZm? 0ga,m}awGu tcd;k wd?Yk jymwdYk
tjzpf ajymif;oGm;rSmyJ? rysufbl;uG}
]wifygbk&m;}
]yx0D?tmayg?awaZm?0ga,m}[m b,fozl suzf suf rysuf
bl;/ b,forl v S nf; topfwnfaqmufvYkd r&bl;uG]

306 ÓPuxm
]wifygbk&m;}
][kwfNyDvm;}
]wynfah wmf wpfcak vmuf avQmufcsiyf gw,fb&k m;}
]bmvJuG}
]q&mawmf uGrwf efo0D &Dukd zwfNy;D aea&mYr,f xifygw,f
bk&m;}
]rif;-zwfNyD;NyDvm;}
]wynfah wmfu ArmpmyJ zwfwwfoq l akd wmY Armvdak &;wJY
tenf;tyg;yJ zwf&wmygbk&m;}
]at;aygY}
]wifygbk&m;}
]rif-Y igajym&r,f}
]trdefY½Sdygbk&m;}
]vlaovljzpf}udk rif;rzsucf siyf geJu Y mG / aemufval wGu ]vl
aovljzpf}udk tok;H usvsif tok;H csMuygap/ olwu Ykd -tok;H rusb;l
qdv
k nf; olwyYkd J zsuMf uvdrrYf mS aygY}
]wifyg? oifjY rwfygw,f bk&m;
]igwdYk ]vlaovljzpf} a&;vdu k w
f mu vdak ewJt Y uGuf wpf
uGuuf kd jznfw h tYJ aeeJyY /J 'g0ifu urÇmay:rSm ajymoGm;w,fumG /
vl[m b,fu p-jzpfw,fqw kd t
YJ aMumif; aygY/ trD;Am;vdk owå0g
vm;? opfyifvm;- ruGjJ ym;ao;wJt Y &muav;uae vltxdaygY/
qifYuJqifYuJ ajymif;vJjzpfxGef;vmykHawG}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 307
]oluvnf; ]vltxd}yJ ajymw,fu/G ]vlaoNy;D bmjzpfr,f}

qdw
k m rygbl;]
][kwfygw,fbk&m;}
]c&pf,mefç tpövmrfbmomawGuvnf; vlaowmudk
]aow,f}rajymbl;/ ]jyefvnf½iS o f efNy;D w&m;tpD&ifcOH ;D rSm}- qdyk /J
tJonfrmS vnf; i&Juswv YJ q
l v kd sif i&Jr;D tavmifc&H vdYk bmrSr½Sd
bl;-vdYk qdwk ,f}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]olwu Ykd tJonf ]bmrSr½Sd jzpf&rSm} taMumufq;Hk wJ/Y Ak'
b
¨ momuawmY tJ'g ]edAmÁ ef}wJu Y mG }
][kwfygw,fbk&m;}
]wdeYk Ad mÁ efu olw]Ykd i&J}jzpfaeawmY cufwmaygY}
]onfawmY ]vlaoNy;D aemuf bmjzpfw,f}qdw k m ajymolu
r½Sad o;bl;uG/ 'geJY wdu Yk ajymvdu k w f m}
]wwd, avQmufxm;p&mudk avQmufxm;ygYr,f bk&m;]
]at;-}
]vlaoNy;D aemuf vlrjzpfatmif vkyv f rYkd sm; &Edik w
f ,fvYkd
q&mawmf ,lqygovm;} bk&m;}
]at;}
]vlrjzpfatmif b,fvv kd yk &f rSmvJ bk&m;}
]jzpfçysuf½I&rSm}-uG}
]jzpfçysuu f b,fv½kd &I rSmvJ bk&m;}

308 ÓPuxm
]opfyifrmS opf½u G u f av;awG[m tpuawmY yk&pfz;l u

av;awGy/J wjznf;jznf;eJY ½GuEf jk zpf/ aemufawmY ½Gu&f if/Y t&ifY
uta&mfjzpf/ onfvkd jzpfçysuaf ewmawGy?J 'gawGukd ½I&rSmyJ}
]onfvdkqdkawmY vlawGtm;vkH;yJ aoNyD; rjzpfMuyJ aeMu
rvm; bk&m;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJuG}
]tJonftjzpfrsdK;awGudk vlawG odaeMurvm;-vdkYygyJ/
v,form;awG[m v,fpu kd rf ,fqv kd sif v,frmS bmyifrrS ½Sad tmif
½Si;f ypfw,f/ Ny;D rS aumufyifpu kd yf gw,f/ onfaumufyifawGu
tESHawGxGufvdkY &ifYwJYtcgrS olwdkY &dwfMuygw,f/ v,fxJrSm
aumufyifawGjzpfwmvnf; olwu Ykd jzpfatmifvyk w f mjzpfvYkd od
MurSmyJ/ ysuw f mvnf; olwu Ykd ysuaf tmifzsuv f Ykd tysujf zpfwm
aMumifo Y wl Ykd odMurSmyJ jzpfygw,f/ wjcm; vuform;? tvkyo f rm;
awGvnf; onfvykd gyJ/ tdrw f pfv;Hk aqmufr,fqv kd sif olwyYkd J tpp
½Si;f vif;çjyifçzsuf vkyaf ewmawG jzpfwt YJ wGuf olw[ Ykd m jzpfçysuf
awG odMurSmygyJ/ 'gaMumifY jzpfysuaf wGukd wpfenf;r[kww f pfenf;
eJY vlwikd ;f yJ ud, k eYf nf;eJu
Y , kd f odaeMur,f xifygw,f/ 'gaMumifY
vlwikd ;f yJ ]aoNy;D aemuf rjzpfbJ
csn;f } aervm;- xifygw,f bk&m;}
]onfvdkawmY r[kwfbl;uG}
]wifygY bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 309
41/ awmifwiG ;f Bu;D ewfraDS wm&ausmif; "r®m½kaH emufcef;wGi;f

ü ewfraDS *gyuOuú| ausmif;tkyq f &mBu;D wpfO;D tm;
½SifÓPajymaompum;
]t½Sib f &k m; onfrmS vma&mufavYvm&wm tqifajy

yg&JUvm;}
]tqifajyygw,f wumBu;D }
]t½Sib f &k m;udak wGUwke;f ar;yg&ap}
]ar;yg}
]onfqufwrD mS t½Sib f &k m;&JU [dzk uftpGeu f pmxdik zf wf
aewJY ausmif;om;udk b,fvo kd abmxm;ovJ bk&m;}
]bmjzpfvdkYwkef;}
]t½Sib f &k m;udk rEÅav;rif;uGe;f t&yfuqdw k m od&vdYk ar;
wmyg}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]tJonfrmS qdak wmY bke;f Bu;D xdik af ewJY qufwx D ikd cf aHk wGrmS
ausmif;om;xdik v f Ykd roifbY ;l - rSw, f Ml urvm;-vdyYk gyJ}
]OD;Zif;taeeJaY wmY onfvkd rrSw, f yl gbl;/ OD;Zif;pdwx f rJ mS
OD;Zif;[m onfuav;xuf jrifjY rwfw,f? onfvkd rxdik o f ifaY tmif
½Sdw,f rjrifygbl;/ OD;Zif;[m bmoma&;rSm au'gwpfa,muf
jzpfaumif; jzpfygr,f/ uav;[mvnf; bmom0ifwpfa,muf jzpf
aumif; jzpfygr,f/ onfvkd wm0efawG uGjJ ym;MuwmeJY onfvt kd wl
,SOw f NJG y;D rxdik &f avmufatmif jcm;em;w,f rxifrw S yf gbl;}

310 ÓPuxm
]aMomf-oifUjrwfvyS gw,f bk&m;}

]t½dt k aoay;w,fqw kd m yknBu, d 0w¬K w&m;awGxu J
yg/ aumif;rIawG&UJ trlt&mypön;f awGaygY/ onfvkd aewm[m
aumif;olawG&UJ trlt&m rusKd ;ysuaf pygbl;/ 'gaMumifY 'gudk r½dk
raoaewmvdYk rrSwyf gbl;}
]aumif;ygYb&k m;? yknBu, d 0w¬Kqv kd Ykd pum;trSww f pfck &yg
w,f/ tJ'gav; ar;yg&ap}
]ar;yg}
]'ge}eJY ywfoufNy;D b,fv, kd &l rvJ bk&m;}
]'gudk b,fvkd teufziG o Yf vJ? rar;&ao;bl;/ olrsm;ay;
wmvnf; tEkarm'emw&m; ra[mzl;ao;bl;/ 'gaMumifY 'gudk
a0zefajymqdpk &m bmrSr½Sb d ;l / wumBu;D wdu Yk ay;zl;olawG jzpf
r,f/ b,fvdkrsm; teuft"dyÜg,fzGifYNyD; vSL'gef;ay;urf;w,fvdkY
ajymEdik v
f sif ajymay;ygvm;}
]wynfah wmfwu Ykd awmY tcsuEf pS cf suef YJ ay;urf;vSL'gef;wm
udk vkyyf gw,f}
]ESpfcsufteufu yXrtcsufu bmvJ}
]olrY mS vdak e&r,faygY} bk&m;]
]'kwd,tcsufuaum}
]ud, k rYf mS ydak er,faygY} bk&m;]
][kwu f ?YJ 'geeJpY yfwYJ onfoabmxm;udk ewfraDS usmif;u
wumBuD;ajymwmtjzpf rSwfom;xm;&rSmyJ}

ÓPuxm 311
]wynfah wmfvm&if;udpu ö kd t½Sibf &k m;udk avQmufxm;&OD;

r,f bk&m;}
]aMomf-bmudpöygvmvkdYvJ}
]onfaeYn onf"r®m½kaH y:rSmyJ onfa&mufaeMuwJY o
BueF yf &dowfukd w&m;cs;D jri§ aYf y;zdyYk gyJ bk&m;}
][mAsm-rvkyyf geJY wumBu;D &,f}
]t½Sib f &k m;u onfukd avYvmovd?k t½Sib f &k m;udk avY
vm&atmifaygY bk&m;/ rjiif;y,fygeJ}Y
]rvkyyf geJY wumBu;D ? rjzpfygbl;}
]OD;Zif;wdkY bkef;BuD;awGrSm apmifYpnf;&rnfhpnf;urf; ½Sdyg
w,f}
]bmwkef; bk&m;}
]tBu;D tuJ&[ef;½Sw d YJ t&yfwpfcrk mS tBu;D tuJ&UJ tcGiYf
r&bJ w&m;a[majymvdYk rjzpfygbl;}
]cGifYawmif;wmaygY bk&m;}
]cGivYf nf; rawmif;yg&apeJ}Y
]onfvdkqdkvnf; &ygw,fbk&m;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]onf"r®m½krH mS w&m;a[mzdYk ra[mzdu Yk kd qk;H jzwfEikd w
f mu
q&mawmfr[kwb f ;l bk&m;}
]b,folvJ}
]wynfhawmfyJ}

312 ÓPuxm
]wumBuD;u bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]wynfah wmfu onfewfraDS wm&ausmif; a*gyu&JU Ouú|
yg/ q&mawmfu, kd w
f ikd f w&m;a[mcsiv f siaf wmifrS wynfah wmf
cGijYf yKrS a[m&rSm jzpfygw,f}
]rjzpfygbl; wumBu;D &m]
]t½Sib f &k m; ajymcJwY YJ pum;xJrmS t½Sib f &k m;[m bmom
a&;au'gqd/k wynfah wmfwv Ykd kd bmom0ifawGu awmif;qdv k sif
au'gu jiif;vdjYk zpfrvm; bk&m;}
]wumBuD;u tMuyfudkifwmyJ}
]obm0usus awmif;qdkwmyg]
]OD;Zif;[m q&mawmfeYJ tawG;tac:tajrmftjrif rwlyg
bl;? rwlyJ pum;ajymvsif tm;emp&mBu;D yg}
]w&m;rSm tm;emp&m r½Syd gbl;}
]OD;Zif;tjrifu q&mawmft Y jrifukd xdyg;aevsif aumif;ygY
rvm;}
]udprö ½Syd gbl;? onfvkd jzpfaeusy}J
]'gqdk Ny;D a&mAsm/ &w,fyJ rSwv f ukd af wmYaygY]

ÓPuxm 313
42/ awmifwiG ;f Bu;D NrKd ewfraDS wm&ausmif;üwdu k t

f yk b
f ek ;f Bu;D
OD;awZdEE´ iS Yf &efuek rf aS usmif;om;wpfO;D ? olUoli,fcsi;f
pma&;q&maygufpwpfO;D ESiYf ausmif;½Sd OD;Zif;rsm;tm;
½SifÓPajymaompum;
]OD;ÓP reufjzefjyefr,fqdkvdkY rjyefcif EIwfqufpum;

ajym&atmifvdkYyg}
][kwyf gw,f? reufjzefeeH uftapmyJ onfausmif;u jyefyg
awmYr,f}
]awGUBuKw H ek ;f wynfah wmfwel o
YJ Ul oli,fcsi;f wdYk ar;csiw
f m
av;awG½v dS sif ar;cGijYf yKyg}
]&ygw,fbk&m; ajymMuwmaygY]
]naeu OD;ÓPajymoGm;wmav;awGepYJ yfNy;d wcsKd Uu r
auseyfcsiMf uvdYk wynfah wmfu ajym&w,f/ ]'g olUtjrify/J bm
ajymp&mvdkovJ}-vdkYaygY}
]rajymyg&apeJaY jymwm? r&bl;bk&m;/ wynfah wmfu "r®
uxdu r[kwaf wmY pum;udk avsmaf tmif xde;f rajymwwfb;l /
odwmudk odwt YJ wdik ;f ajymrdwmyJ}
]tvsifu w&m;ra[mzl;bl;vm;}
]ra[mbl;oavmufyJ t½Sifbk&m;/ "r®m½kHuyv’ifay:
b,fvdkwuf&r,fodwm r[kwfbl;}
]OD;ÓPu tedp?ö 'ku?© tewå zGio Yf mG ;w,f xifw,f}

314 ÓPuxm
][kwfygw,f? ÓPfeJYodvSvdkY r[kwfygbl;? o'´ga&;t&

&oifwY t YJ wdik ;f zGiw Yf myg/ tJonfvkd zGiw Yf tYJ cg q&mawmf&UJ ½kyf
t,ltq[mawmYjzifY tedpçö 'kuç© tewåvu©PmawG rxifyJ edpçö
okcçtwåvu©PmawG xifaewmudk pyf[yfjy&wmaygY/ onfawmY
q&mawmf[m ]tewåa&mifjcnf}-wdv Yk kd pmawGa&;Ny;D ½kyuf kd ]twå}
tjzpf vufcaH e&ma&mufawmY ]twå0g'D}-jzpfaew,fyJ ajymvdu k f
wmaygY/ q&mawmfjyef½iS ;f wmvnf; emcsiw f ,f/ 'gayrJY q&mawmf
u r½Si;f bJ olt Y vSnrShf mS oBueF t f aMumif;yJ a[moGm;wmyJ}
]b,forYl S r½Si;f bl;/ raeYnu OD;ÓPudk ar;cGijYf yKwm
awmif oydww f pfv;Hk çouFe;f ok;H xnfeYJ ajcvsiaf vQmufbek ;f Bu;D u
ar;vdYk aerSmyg}
]awmfao;wmaygY bk&m;}
]olwdkY ar;csifwmar;wmvnf; vufcHvdkufygOD;/ rif;wdkY
ar;csiw f m ar;Mu}
][kwyf gw,f? ajymMuyg}
]wynfah wmfwYkd q&mawmfBu;D udk OD;Zif;taeeJY b,fvjkd rif
ovJ-vdYk odcsiyf gw,f]
]Ak'b
¨ momudk wpfrsKd ;jrifjywJY bmoma&;bke;f Bu;D Bu;D -vdyYk J
jrifwmygyJ}
]b,fvkd wpfrsKd ;vJ}
]½kyef YJ b0ul;rIujkd ywmwpfrsKd ;yJ-vd}Yk
]wynfah wmfwu Ykd ]zDvakd qmfzmBu;D }vdYk jrifw,f/ b,fvv kd }J
]rjrifrdbl;}

ÓPuxm 315
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]aMumif;aMumif;usdK;usdK; olawG;jywJY tawG;tac:udk r
owfrw S f ravYvmbl;vdyYk gyJ}
]a½S;uwnf;u q&mawmfBu;D &JU t,ltqay:cJv Y sif r
aumif;bl;vm;}
][kww f ,f/ onfjyóemudk wdu k tf yk Bf u;D vnf; ajymw,f}
]tJ'g b,fvdkxifovJ}
]bmjzpfvv Ykd J - jyefar;vdu
k w f ,f/ vlawGqrD mS ½Sw d YJ aemif
b0aMumufa&m*gawG ½Si;f Ny;D ? &J&w J if;wif; vky0f u YH ikd 0f MYH uvdYk onf
aeYavmufqv kd sif wd;k wufaeavmufNy-D vdYk ajymw,f}
]tJ'g [kwo f vm;}
]r[kwb f ;l xifygw,f/ tJonf tawG;tac:rsKd ; a½S;u
ay:cJvY sif tcktcg vlawG onfx h uf ysupf ;D aewmrsKd ;rsm; jzpfMu
rvm;-jrifrdvdkYyJ}
]arQmrf eS ;f aMumuf½UHG jcif;qdw k m r½Sw d m aumif;ayrJ?Y trSef
tuef odjrifjcif; r½SdbJ? arQmfrSef;aMumuf½GHUjcif; r½SdvdkYawmY bmrS
rxl;ygbl;/ ydq k ;kd vsiaf wmif qd;k zd½Yk ydS gw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]aMumuf½UHG jcif;[m raumif;ayrJ?Y bmrSrodot l wGuf tEÅ
&m,fukd wm;Edik w f ,f/ &J&ifjY cif;[m aumif;ayrJ?Y trSerf odbJ &J&ifY
jcif;[m rSm;,Gi;f &ufpufzYkd jzpfapwwfw,f/ 'gaMumifyY }J
]aemufwpfck odcsiyf gao;w,f}

316 ÓPuxm
]ajymyg}
]bkef;BuD;vkyf&wm bmaumif;ovJ}
]at;-tJ'gudk wdu k t f yk b f ek ;f Bu;D ajymwmudk wpfaeYu ig
Mum;vdu k &f w,f/ ]bmrS t"dygÜ ,fr½Sb d ;l }-vdyYk /J ]onfvq kd v kd sif bmY
aMumifv Y yk af eovJ}- igu ar;awmY? ]a&mufaeNy;D om;rdv Yk }Ykd - ajzwm
odcJY&w,f/ NyD;awmY ]tvum;rjzpfatmif ausmif;om;awGudk
acwfynmawGoifay;wmudk olvyk af e&w,f}vnf; ygw,f}
]olajymwm b,fvv kd }J
]bke;f Bu;D ynm r&MuawmY bke;f Bu;D ynmeJY jynfou l kd tusKd ;
rjyKEikd af wmY onfvx kd ifNy;D ? onfvv kd yk w
f m-vdyYk J ajym&rSmyJ}
]jynfot l usKd ;jyKrnfh bke;f Bu;D ynm}u bmvJ}
]w&m;} aygY}
]w&m;}qdw k m vlBu;D awG pum;ajymp&mr½Sv d Ykd ajymaeMuwJY
[mawG r[kwfbl;vm;}
]tJonfvykd J wdu k t f yk bf ek ;f Bu;D ajymwmudk wpfaeYu Mum;
vdkuf&w,f}
]tJ'g r[kwb f ;l vm;}
]b,f-[kwfrvJ}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]w&m;}qdw k m vlawG tm½kiH g;yg;umr*kPw f &m; qmavmif
ae&wmawGu Nird ;f apwJt Y &myJ}
]'gawGu Nidrf;vdkY&rvm;}
]&NyDaygY}

ÓPuxm 317
]em;vnfatmif ajymprf;ygOD;]
]rif;wdkY 0ufom;[if;udk BudKufMuovm;}
]BudKufMuygw,f}
]'gqdk 0ufom;[if;udk aeYwikd ;f pm;Muovm;}
]rpm;Muygbl;}
]aeYwikd ;f pm;&r,fqv kd siaf um aeYwikd ;f pm;csiMf urSmyJ? r
[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvjkd zpfayrJY rpm;wm[m bmYaMumifv Y }J
]0ufom;zd;k ay;&wm rwwfEikd v f yYkd }J
]0ufom;pm;&wmrSm 0ufom;zd;k ay;&wm&,f? aumif;wm
&,f? ESpcf v k ;Hk ½Sw
d ,f r[kwvf m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]ay;&wm ]qif;&J}? aumif;wm ]csr;f om}? onfvakd jymvsif
&vdrfYr,f}
]&ygw,f}
]tJonf ]qif;&J}eJY ]csr;f om}rSm qif;&Juenf;Ny;D ? csr;f omrsm;
aew,fxifvsif pm;rSmyJ/ qif;&Ju rsm;Ny;D ? csr;f omu enf;w,f
xifvsif rpm;bJaerSmyJ? [kwo f vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]rif;wdpYk m;wm[m csr;f omrsm;w,f? qif;&Jenf;w,f xif
vdyYk /J rpm;bJaewm[m qif;&Jrsm;w,f? csr;f omenf;w,f xifvyYkd /J
r[kwfbl;vm;}

318 ÓPuxm
][kwfygw,f}
]0ufom;[if;rygbJ pm;&wJYaeYrSm? 0ufom;[if;ryg-vdkY
qdNk y;D ? txl;qif;&Jaeao;vm;}
]onfvdkawmY r[kwfygbl;}
]0ufom;rBudKufvdkYvm;}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]BuKd uaf yrJY rpm;&vdYk rqif;&Jwm[m? qifjcifreI YJ odvyYkd /J
obm0us&JUvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tm½kiH g;yg;uNird ;f wmvnf; onftwdik ;f yJaygY}

ÓPuxm 319
tcef;(6)
a'oEÅ& ajympum;rsm;(1)

320 ÓPuxm

ÓPuxm 321
tcef;(6)
a'oEÅ& ajympum;rsm;(1)
43/ vm;½I;d NrKd U xif½mS ;aomausmif;wpfausmif;ü {nfo

h nf
bkef;BuD;av;wpfyg;tm; ½SifÓPajymaompum;
]OD;Zif;bGJU b,fvdkac:ovJ}
]wynfhawmfbGJUu ]ÓP}ygbk&m;}
]wynfah wmfu {nfo h nfqakd yrJY onfausmif; aeoGm;cJzY ;l
olyg/ ausmif;cHvo kd abmxm;Ny;D tpptultnDvv kd sif ajymyg]
]aus;Zl;ygyJ bk&m;]
]OD;ÓP bmawGvkyfaeovJ}
]bmrS rvkyo f avmufygyJ}
]OD;ÓP bmynmawG wwfovJ}
]ajym&vsiaf wmY wynfah wmfynmu ]wefz;kd jzwfynm}vdYk
ajym&rSmygbk&m;]
]aMom-bmawG wefzdk;jzwfwmvJ}
]bmawGjzpfaewm[m bmawGvkyfvdkYvJ}-qdkwmrsdK;ygyJ}
][m-[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f]
]onfvq kd kd enf;enf;ar;csiyf gw,f]
]ar;MunfhEdkifygw,f]
]wynfhawmftaMumif;uav;yg}

322 ÓPuxm
]&ygw,f}
]wynfah wmf onfausmif;rSmyJaepOfu wyfuvlawGeYJ &if;
ES;D Ny;D ? olwaYkd ½SUwef;rSmvdu
k Nf y;D ausmif;xdik zf yYkd ifv
Y Ykd vdu
k o
f mG ;w,f}
][kwfNyD}
][drk mS vufeufBu;D awGeYJ wdu k yf aJG wG jzpfaew,f/ onf
awmY aMumufwmaygY/ 'gudak jzzdYk xGuaf vç0ifavrSwNf y;D pdwu f kd
ajzae&w,f}
]taMumufajyatmifaygY}
][kwfw,f}
]taMumufajy&JUvm;}
]oufomygw,f/ 'gayrJY xl;qef;wmuav;awG jzpfvm
w,f}
]bmawGvJ}
]jzpfrSmav;awG wcsdKUudk rjzpfcifu BudKwifNyD; jzpfrnfYt
wdik ;f yJ xifaejrifaewwfwmawGy}J
]aumif;om;yJ}
]tJ'g ar;csiw f m/ bmjzpfvYkd jzpfwmvJ- qdw k mvnf; odcsif
w,f? NyD;awmY-}
]ajymygOD;}
]aemufawmYvnf; rxifrjrifawmYyv J nf; jzpfomG ;w,f}
]tdk-}
]'gvnf; bmjzpfvYkd rxifrjrifwmvJ-qdw k mvnf; odcsif
w,f}

ÓPuxm 323
]'g odcsipf &myJ}

]tJ'g ajymprf;ygOD;}
]'gtwGuf wynfah wmf yku H av;wpfck ajymygr,f/onfyHk
uav;[m tJ'g&JUtajz jzpfrmS yg]
]ajymyg]
]vlwpfa,muf[m EdkifiHa&;rIwpfckeJY axmifusaew,f/
olu ]bD}uvyfrmS jzpfw,f/ tJonfrmS tm;vyfveG ;f aewm&,f?
rdom;pkeYJ a0;aewm&,faMumifY pdwaf wGviG NYf y;D qif;&Jaew,f}
][kwfrSmyJ}
]onfo[ l m vuf0pJ w d ½f o
dS yl J jzpfw,f/ 'gayJY pdwq f if;&J
ajzzdYk &nf½, G Nf y;D ? ykw;D pdyw
f ,f/ orÁKa'¨*gxmudk pdyw f myJ/ olu
pdwxf ufjrufoq l akd wmY ykw;D pdywf mxJrmS pdwaf ysmo f mG ;w,f/ w
jcm;bmrS rvkyaf wmYb;l / ykw;D yJ pdyaf ew,f}
][kwfNyD}
]taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm ol-axmifu vGwfNyD;wJYtcgrSm
olUrsupf x d rJ mS uav;wpfa,muf um;wdu k cf &H wmudk ½ky½f iS rf mS jrif
&ovdk ½Si;f vif;pGmyJ oljrifw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]aemufrMumrD&ufrmS wu,fyJ uav;udu k m;wdu k wf ,f/
tm½kx H jJ rifc&YJ pOfeYJ xufcsyrf uGmjzpfaewm olawGU&w,f}
][kwfNyD}
]'g-bmjzpfwmvJ}-olawG;w,f/ bmYaMumifq Y wkd m olrod
bl;/ 'gayrJY 'grsKd ;tvm;wlawG taMumif;oifw Y ikd ;f jzpfay:w,f}

324 ÓPuxm
][kwfrSmyJ}
]wpfaeYrSmawmY onfol&JUrdwfaqGawGu a½S;utwdkif;
awmypfxu G zf Ykd vmn§w d ,f/ oljiif;ayrJY r&bl;/ vdu k o
f mG ;&w,f/
awmrSm bmom;aumifraS wmY r&cJb Y ;l / 'gayrJY tJonfu jyefu
wnf;u onfvdk tm½kHjrifrsdK; ray:awmYbJ jzpfoGm;cJY&w,f}
][kwfNyD}
]yku
H 'gygyJ}
]aumif;ygw,f}
]ykuH kd enf;enf;a0zefjyr,faemf}
]em;axmifcsifygw,f}
]ykw;D pdyw f m[m ½lypsmef0ifomG ;}-cJyY gw,f/ onfpsmef[m
]pwkw¬tqifY}a&mufvsif t½IcHtm½kH ukefygw,f/ tJonftcg
pdw[f m twGi;f rSm tvkyv f yk yf gw,f/ tJ'gudk ]tbdnmPf} vdYk
ac:ygw,f/ ]txl;odr}I aygY/ tJ'gaMumifY jrifwmyg/ txl;avYvm
xm;wm r[kwv f Ykd taMumif;oifv Y eG ;f wmawG ay:wmyg}
]'gu ay:ykaH ygY}
][kwfw,f}
]ray:awmYyHk vkyyf gOD;}
]tJonfpsmef&UJ qefu Y sib f uftvky[ f m tJonf p] smef&UJ
0dyguf}udk usKd ;ysuaf pwm jzpfygw,f/ tJonfpsmef r½daS wmYatmif
awmypfxu G wf t YJ rI jyKvu kd wf mygyJ/ 'gaMumifY &aewJY todx;l u
av;vnf; uG,o f mG ;wm jzpfygw,f}
]wynfah wmf em;½Si;f oGm;ygNy}D

ÓPuxm 325
]½Si;f ykH vkyyf gOD;}

]onfNrKd UrSmyJ onfvakd ygufaeolwpfa,muf ½Sw d ,f]
]*sufvm;}
]wjcm;olwpfa,mufyg}
]qufajymygOD;}
]ol[m wpfaeYrmS olu Y ckd sO;f uyfow
l pfO;D eJY umr*kPrf mS ;zdYk
BuKd ;pm;vdu
k &f zl;w,f/ rvGwv f yfwYJ tajctaet& atmifjrifwYJ
tjzpfawmY ra&mufvu kd bf ;l / 'gayrJY olt Y odawG uG,o f mG ;cH&w,f
-vdYk olajymwm rSw&f zl;ygw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]t½Sifbk&m; tawmfavYvmxm;wmyJ}
]taMumif;tm;avsmfpGmyg}

326 ÓPuxm
44/ ucsijf ynfe,f rd;k n§i;f NrKd U? ompnf&yf a':cifEiS ;f

vufEydS pf ufoifausmif;ü a':cifEiS ;f tm;
½SifÓPajymaompum;
]onfwpfcguyfwJYqGrf;u trJom;[if;awGeJYygvm;}
]tvsiw f pfacguf <uvmwke;f uuyfwYJ qGr;f wke;f u OD;Zif;
u ]trJom;[if;rygwJY oufowfvGwf[if;rdkY pm;raumif;bl;}-
ajymwmeJyY J bk&m;}
]tJonfwek ;f uvnf; pm;aumif;ygw,f/ trJom;rpm;bJ
oufowfvw G pf m;wmudk pum;ajymcsiv f Ykd ajymcJw
Y myg}
]wynfah wmfuvnf; trJom;pm;wmeJpY yfNy;D pum;ajymcsif
vdYk trJom;[if;eJY uyfwmygyJ}
]ajymp&m½Sv d sif ajymyg}
]tvSLcHrvdkYyg}
]wumru bkef;BuD;qD tvSLcH&ovm;? bkef;BuD;u
wumrqD tvSLcHw,fyJ Mum;zl;w,f}
]ypön;f ypö, r[kwyf gbl;}
]bmudkvJ}
]OD;Zif;qDu trJom;pm;wmuav;udkyg}
][m-aemufusoGm;NyDyJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJbk&m;}
]trJom;pm;wmudk OD;Zif;ig;ESpt f ½G,u f wnf;u a½SmifcYJ
wm}
]tckpm;aewmyJ}

ÓPuxm 327
]tJ'g q,fiY g;ESpo f m; ud&k ifb0rSm ppfuikd ;f awmif½;kd udk rpd;k

&drwf u
kd u
f wdu k t f yk q
f &mawmfet YJ wl oGm;ae&w,f/ tJonfrmS
tom;rpm;wm odomG ;Ny;D q&mawmfu qlw,f}
]trJom;rpm;vdkY qlwmvm;}
][kww f ,f/ tJonfwek ;f u wjcm;tom;vm; rrSwrf b d ;l }
]wjcm;tom;vnf; rpm;bl;vm;}
]q,fEpS o f m;avmufupNy;D uke;f owå0gom;awG a½Smifae
cJw
Y m/ trJom;u ig;ESpo f m;avmufuyJ}
]b,fvdk qlovJ}
]eif-a'0'wfeYJ bk&m;? *dP k ;f uGcJ geD;rSm a'0'wfu bk&m;qD
u bmtcsuaf wGawmif;w,f odovJ}-vdYk ar;w,f}
]onfawmY-}
]rodb;l }-aygY? odrS rodwmyJ}
]q&mawmfu bmajymvJ}
]a'0'wf[m bk&m;qDawmif;wJY tcsuaf wGxrJ mS ]&[ef;
awG tom;pm; a½SmifMuOfMuzdYk ynwfay;yg} qdw k mvnf; ygw,f/
tJ'g eifrw S x
f m;-vdYk q&mawmfu ajymw,f}
]q&mawmfqufajymwm ajymygOD;}
]onfawmY eifu a'0'wf*P kd ;f om;vm;? bk&m;*dP k ;f om;
vm;}wJY ar;w,f}
]OD;Zif;u b,fvakd jzvJ}
}bk&m;*dP k ;f om;yg} aygY/ ]bk&m;*dP k ;f om;qdv
k sif tom;
rpm;wmudk ynwfay;zdaYk wmif;qdck suu f kd bk&m;ujiif;w,f/ ynwf

328 ÓPuxm
ray;bl;/ eifu rpm;vsif a'0'wf*P kd ;f om; jzpfaerSmaygY}-vdYk qk;H r

w,f/ wjcm;awGvnf; qk;H rw,f}
]tom;rpm;vdkY qkH;rwmaygY}
][kwfw,f}
]tJ'geJY tom;jyefpm;wmaygY}
][kww f ,f/ jyefpm;awmYvnf; trJom;u i,fuwnf;u
rpm;cJw
Y mqdak wmY rpm;Edik b f ;l / rpm;bl;qdw k mudo k m pGex
Yf m;wm?
rpm;Edik b
f ;l / touftpdwef m;a&mufrS jyefpm;Edik w f m/ onfawmY
rpm;bdYk tvSLcHwm[m aemufusomG ;cJNY yaD ygY}
]tck jyefpm;aerSy?J jyefvLS vdu k af ygY}
]tckpm;wmu qk;H rMo0g'eJY pm;wmjzpfvYkd rvG,b f ;l }
]q&mawmfuvnf; jyefpm;atmifrsm; qk;H rMo0g'ay;&
ovm;}
]pm;wmu rSeNf y;D ? rpm;wmu rSm;vdaYk ygY}
]rpm;wmu rSeyf gw,fb&k m;}
]rSeyf Hk taMumif;jypum; ajymygOD;}
]wynfah wmfajymygr,f/ OD;Zif;u ajzMunfyh g}
]ajymyg}
]olUtoufowfwm aumif;ovm;? rSefovm;}
]raumif;ç rrSeyf gbl;}
]toufowfoal wG[m olwo Ykd wfwt YJ om; pm;olawGr½Sd
bJ owfrvm;}
]rowfavmufygbl;}

ÓPuxm 329
]onfvq kd v kd sif pm;ol[m? owfou l kd tm;ay;jzpfvYkd tjypf

r½Sdbl;vm;}
]r½Sdygbl;}
]tm;ay; rjzpfb;l vm;}
]rjzpfygbl;}
]rjzpfyHk ajymprf;ygOD;}
]a':cifEiS ;f vufuem&Dukd usKyv f vk sif tjypf½o
dS vm;}
]½SdwmaygY}
]onfem&D[m ]b,fot l ydik rf ½Sv
d si}f usKy,f w
l m tjypf½dS
rvm;}
]r½Sdygbl;}
]onfvq kd v kd sif a':cifEiS ;f [m? a':cifEiS ;f em&D vk,v l &Ykd wJY
OD;Zif;tjypf&UJ wpf0uf tjypf½rdS vm;}
]bmqdkifvJ bk&m;}
]a':cifEiS ;f ydik x f m;vdo Yk m OD;Zif;rSm tjypfjzpfwmyJ? r[kwf
bl;vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gqdk a':cifEiS ;f [m tjypftm;ay; rjzpfb;l vm;}
]rqdkifwmyJ}
]a':cifEiS ;f rydik v f sif OD;Zif; tjypf½rdS vm;}
]r½Sdbl;aygY}
]a':cifEiS ;f qdw k m tjypfjzpfzeYkd YJ ywfoufaewm xif½mS ;
vm;}

330 ÓPuxm
45/ rif;uGef;awmif½dk;? pHawmfrlawmifü oli,fcsif;OD;Zif;

wpfyg;tm; ½SiÓ
f Pajymaom tvHwpf&mapwDtaMumif;
pum;
]onfwpfacguf atmufjynfc&D;rSm ]tvHwpf&m] a&mufcYJ

w,f}
]tJ'gu b,frmS vJ}
]oxkeH aYJ wmifpeG ;f um;vrf; ajrmufbufvYkd xif&wJ?Y ta½SU
ajrmufbufvm;rodwJY awmifajcem;rSmyJ}
]tvHwpf&m}qdw k m bmvJ}
]bk&m;&JUemrnfy/J bk&m;zdeyfaxmifjY zwfu tvHwpf&m½Sv d Ykd
ac:wm/ tJonfb&k m;wnfaewJY bke;f Bu;D uvnf; ]tvHwpf&m
q&mawmf} aygY}
]bk&m;u tjrifYBuD;vm;}
]rNy;D ao;bl;/ acgif;avmif; a&mufao;w,f/ NyKd vYkd jyefzsuf
aewm awGUcJY&w,f}
]tJonfrSm bmxl;ovJ}
]odyfxl;wmyJ}
]&ifxJ qdUk qdUk epfepf cHpm;&wJY tjzpfxd jzpf&atmify}J
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]tJ'gvnf; rajymwwfb;l }
]enf;enf;csi;f ajymyg}
]tvHwpf&muae um;vrf;txd uefaY umfwef;Bu;D pdu k f
ÓPuxm 331
xm;w,f/ tyifawGu ayESpq f ,fç tpdwf ½Sad eNy/D wpfyifewYJ pfyif

uvnf; onfavmufyJa0;r,f xifygw,f}
]b,favmufa0;vJ}
]ESprf ikd 0f ef;usiaf vmuf½rdS ,f xifw,f/ uefaY umfwef;Bu;D
[m tvHwpf&mbke;f Bu;D &JU pdwt f iftm;udk jyaeovdyk }J
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]rSeef cYJ sed Nf y;D pdu
k x
f m;ovdyk J ajzmifwY ef;aew,f/ qGaJ qmif
rItjynfv h nf; ½Sw d ,f}
]tJ'gvnf; tvHwpf&m&JUtp-ayYg}
]tvHwpf&majrae&mu awmifajcteD;u ajrjyifc;Hk aewJY
ajryJ/ae&muvnf; trSeyf }J
]q&mawmfu BuD;NyDvm;}
]ig;q,fausmfavmuf}
]tvkyform;awG trsm;BuD;vm;}
]wpfa,mufrS iSm;xm;wm r½Sb d ;l ]
][if-}
]tHYMop&myJ}
]vkyfygOD;}
]tJonfrmS vlawG[m ysm;yef;cyfy/J at;aq;pGm vIy½f mS ;
aeMuw,f/ a,m*D0wf qifwal wGe}YJ
]olwu Ykd b,foal wGv}J
]te,fe,f t&yf&yfuyJ}
]b,fvdkpkwmvJ}

332 ÓPuxm
]rdom;pkvu kd f jzpfjzpf? wpfO;D csi;f jzpfjzpf/ tdr&f mudk pdwu

f ek f
olawG[m tdr&f mudpk eG NYf y;D xGuv f mMuwm/ olwb Ykd 0udk onfbek ;f
Bu;D ay;Ny;D ? vd&k mok;H zdYk tyfEMHS uwmawGy}J
]tJonfrmS olwYkd b,fvakd eMuovJ}
]tdrfuav;awG aqmufay;xm;w,f}
]bmpm;MuovJ}
]bke;f Bu;D uauR;wJY qefjyKwu f kd wpfaeYo;Hk Burd f pm;w,f}
]'gyJvm;}
]'gyJ/ ud, k [ Yf mud,k f csupf m;csivf nf; pm;vd&Yk w,f/ tom;
awmY rpm;&bl;}
]bmvkyfaeMuovJ}
]bk&m;vkyfief;yJ}
]bmawGvJ}
]yef;&ef? yef;cs?D yef;yJ? twD;trIw?f BuKd ;usp?f tke;f qHxçk
o,f? qefa½G;? qefjyKwf--tpkHyJ}
]vlO;D a& b,favmuf½o dS vJ}
]tdrw f pfaxmifo Y ;Hk &mavmuf ½Sw d ,f/ vlwpfaomif;xuf
renf;avmufbl;}
]tJonfval wG pm;zdçYk 0wfzYkd b,fu&ovJ}
]tvSLcHxu G af ewJY tzGUJ awG trsm;tjym;½Sw d ,f-od&w,f}
]bmvlrsdK;awGvJ}
]ytd0k ?f u&if? rGeaf wGy/J w½ky?f ukvm;? Armvnf; enf;enf;
½SdykHyJ}

ÓPuxm 333
]uav;awGa&mvm;}
]ygvmwJY uav;awGukd a,musmf ;av;qdv k sif bke;f Bu;D
ausmif;rSm udk&if0wfay;?rdef;uav;qdkvsif oDv½Sifausmif;rSm
oDv½Sif0wfay;w,f}
]tNrJvm;}
]raysmcf sed f xGuaf ygY]
]xGuo f u l enf;ovm;? rsm;ovm;}
]rsm;ykHygyJ}
]tysKd ç vlysKd awGvnf; ½Srd mS aygY}
]½Sw
d ,f/ vSvyS yav;awGygyJ]
]olwYkd tdraf xmifrjyKMubl;vm;}
]jyKw,f/ tcsi;f csi;f yJ}
]olwdkY tjyif rjyefMubl;vm;}
]jyef&aumif;rSe;f odyrHk &awmYb;l }
]olwu Ykd vltpm;wpfpm; jzpfomG ;rvm;aemf}
]jzpfoGm;p&myJ}
]b,fvdkawG awGU&ao;vJ}
]olwdkY[m tjyifuvlawGudk olwdkYeJY rywfoufwJYvlawG-
vdyYk J oabmxm;MuykrH sKd ; ½Sw d ,f}
]b,fvkd aeMuvdv Yk }J
]olwu Ykd tjyifuvlawGukd rdwaf qGjzpfcsiw f mwd?Yk pum;
ajymcsiw f mwd?Yk tulvcdk siw f mwd/Yk bmrS½w dS yYJ Hk ray:bl;/ 'gayrJY
tjyifuvlawGukd rac:rajymcsiw f mwd-Yk qdwk YJ tppawGvnf; ½Syd Hk

334 ÓPuxm
bmrSray:bl;/ ,kwpf t G qk;H rsuaf pYeaYJ wmif tydrk Munfb h ;l / olwYkd

vkypf &m½Sw
d myJ vkyaf eMuw,f}
]olwdkYcsif; qufqHa&;aum}
]em;vnfocl si;f qufqaH ewJyY yHk gyJ/ tJonfrmS vnf; ydçk vdk
aewJY qufqHa&;awmY rawGUbl;}
]vlvIyf½Sm;rIu wpfrsdK;aerSmyJaemf}
]wu,fyJ wpfrsKd ;jzpfw,f}
]olwcYkd pH m;csuf b,fvakd er,f xifovJ}
]tm;vk;H jynfph NHk y;D ? tm;vk;H udk pdwcf saewJyY yHk }J
]olwdkYudk qufqHMunfhao;vm;}
]oDv½Siu f av;wpfa,muf olUudpeö o YJ l avQmufomG ;ae
wmawGUvdkY vSrf;ac:vdkufw,f}
]vm&JUvm;}
]vmw,f/ rtm;ao;bl;-vdYk r½Sb d ;l / igwdeYk aYJ wmfrnfah e&m
rSm vmxdik af ewmyJ/ bmrSvJ rajymbl;}
]toufb,favmuf½SdNyDvJ}
]ESpfq,favmufyJ}
]bmvlrsdK;vJ}
]ytdk0f}
]bmawGar;MuvJ}
]olaY e&yf?rdbeJY onf-b,fvakd &mufvmw,f qdw k myJ}
]olajzwmawG ajymygOD;}
]olaY e&yf t&yfavmufyJ nTe;f Edik w f ,f? olrY b d ESpyf g;[m

ÓPuxm 335
onfa&mufNy;D q,fEpS af vmufuyJ aoMuw,f/ oli,fi,fuyJ

onfa&mufw,f qdkwmawGyJ}
]aemuf-bmawGajymao;vJ}
]oloifMum;aewJpY maytaMumif; tenf;tyg;ar;Ny;D jyef
vTwfvdkuf&w,f? olajymwmawGu ½kH;rSm w&m;vdk?w&m;cHwdkYu
ajymp&m½So d avmufyJ ajymaewJyY yHk ?J rsuEf mS eJY ud,
k af eu onfvykd }J
]ae&mu tus,fBuD;vm;}
]us,fykHyJ? armfawmfum;awG qefpufawGvnf; ½Sdw,f}
]bkef;BuD;eJY pum;ajym&vm;}
]ajym&w,f? pum; enf;enf;yJ? qauo"mwkow k q
f w
kd m
olajymw,f? oludk,fwdkif yef;&HvkyfwmyJ}
]taqmuftOD;awGua&m}
]tJ'guawmY oufu,fe?YJ 0g;eJY ,m,DwaJ wGy/J tJonfrmS yJ
ntdycf &YJ w,f/ qGr;f vnf; wpfxyfpm;cJw Y ,f? jzpfuwwfqef;yJ}
]twD;trIwfawGu bmokH;ovJ}
]tvSLcHrmS ok;H wJyY yHk ?J eHeuftapmqdvk sif bk&m;qGr;f uyf
w,f? twD;trIwaf wGeYJ wNird NYf irfd yYf }J
]t0wfu b,fu&ovJ}
]wpfaeYtvkyq f if;vsif q,fjym;ay;w,f ajymw,f? tJ'g
pkNyD; 0,faygY}
]wjcm; bm½Sad o;vJ}
]yg&rD0ifvufrw S f a&if;w,f}
]bmyg&rD0ifvJ}

336 ÓPuxm
]onfbek ;f Bu;D u t&darawå,s bk&m;tavmif; jzpfw,f?

olb&k m;jzpfwt YJ cg twluRwEf ikd af tmif yg&rD 0if,x l m;&r,faygY}
]b,fvdka&mif;vJ}
]wpfapmif ok;H usyw f nf;yg? 'gayrJY wpfa,muf[m wpf
apmify0J ,fEikd cf iG Yf ½Sw
d ,f? apmifa&eHywf wpfoef;em; a&mufaewm
awGUcJY&w,f}
]onfb&k m;Bu;D wnfavmufatmif aiGu b,fu&rvJ}
]bk&m;Bu;D NyKd v?Ykd jyefwnfzYkd yg&rD0iftpnf;ta0; ac:w,f?
vlawG ode;f csw D ufw,f Mum;&w,f? tJonfval wGqu D tvSLcH
w,f? ay;&rSmu wpfvq,fjym;wnf;&,f}
]'gvnf; wpfEpS rf mS aiGoed ;f aygif;rsm;pGm &rSmyJ}
][kwfw,f? olYvlawG[m olaoqdkvsif tvsifaozdkY vk
aeavmufr,f xifw,f/ tJonfavmuf olu Y ,
kd NHk y;D ykt
H yfxm;Mu
w,f}
]olu onfvlawG? b,fvdkpkxm;wmvJ}
]tpuawmY wpfO;D wpfav aerSmygyJ/ tckawmY atmuf
jynfwvTm; rodol r½Sad tmifaygY}
]oluvnf; b,fou Yl jkd zpfjzpf vufcrH ,f aMujimxm;w,f?
tusKd ;çtuef;ç t½l;ruseyf ?J 'gayrJY wpfa,mufawmY >cif;csux f m;
w,f}
]>cif;csufxm;cH&olu b,folvJ}
]vlysif;yJ}

ÓPuxm 337
]tJonf bke;f Bu;D Bu;D r½Sv d si?f tJonfval wGb0 b,fqD

rsm;oGm;MuvdrfYvJ}
]raocifrmS cdik rf matmif wnfaqmufay;oGm;p&mygyJ}
]b,fvkd cdik rf matmifv}J
]bk&m;tvkyftauR;tjzpfaygY}
]bk&m;tvkyt f auR;eJY bk&m;uRe?f bmrsm; jcm;em;OD;rSmvJ}
]acwfaygY}
]b,fvdkvJ? [dkacwfu uRefacwfqdkawmY uRefaygY? tck
acwfuawmY tJ'gr[kwaf wmY? tJonfvdk rac:&bl;aygY}
]'gqdk bmac:&rvJ}
]vlru bke;f Bu;D ruswYJ vlwef;pm;wpfc}k -ac:&rSmaygY}
]bk&m;uRefawGvnf; onfvdkxifwmyJ}
]bmoma&;vGeo f mG ;vsif onfvx kd ifrmS csn;f yJ/ 'g rwwf
Edkifbl;}

338 ÓPuxm
46/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd ü bke;f Bu;D wpfyg;tm; ½SiÓ

f Pajymaom
tarGcGJa0ykHpum;
]OD;ÓPwdYk tarGcv JG mw,f Mum;w,f/ bmawG&cJo Y vJ}

]bmrS r&cJyY gbl; bk&m;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]wynfah wmf &p&mr½Sv d Ykd ygyJ}
]&p&mr½Sb d J bmtarG cGaJ eovJ}
]usew f m cGw J maygY}
]bmusef ½Sv d v
Ykd }J
]ajr? a½TeJY aiG}
]b,favmufusefvJ}
]tJ'g aumif;aumif;rodb;l }
]taru rajymbl;vm;}
]ajymw,f? 'gayrJ-Y }
]vkyfygOD;}
]tcsuEf pS cf suf ½Sw d ,f}
]qdkygOD;}
]wpftcsuu f taraowm MumoGm;Nyq D akd wmY aumif;
aumif;rodwmyJ}
]aoNy;D cGw J m r[kwb f ;l vm;}
]r[kwb f ;l / tarYtarjzpfwYJ tarBu;D usew f ,f/ ajru
vnf; aooGm;wJY tpfrvwf&JUa,musfm;u vkyfaewmyJ/ tck

ÓPuxm 339
olaooGm;vdYk ajrvkyo f vl w G o f mG ;vdYk cG&J wmyJ}

][kwfNyD}
]ESpt
f csuu f awmY tJonfypön;f udk pdwrf 0ifpm;wmu
vnf; wpfaMumif;? ud, k ef rYJ &if;ES;D wmvnf; wpfaMumif;yJ? tJ'gawG
aMumifh rodwmyJ}
]tarub,ftcsed rf mS ajymwmvJ}
]rEÅav;aq;½Hak y:rSm ajymwmyJ}
]rEÅav;aq;½Hak y:rSm olUudak pmifah y;aecsed rf mS yJ}
]rajymbdkY wm;ao;vm;}
]rwm;ygbl;}
]bmjzpfvYkd rwm;wmvJ}
]pdwfcsrf;omatmifvdkYygyJ}
]tarGcGJwmtaMumif;ajymygOD;}
]½GmuvlBu;D wcsKd UeJY treJo Y t
Yl rd af xmif? aooGm;wJh tpfr
vwf&UJ orD;jzpfwhJ wlreJY olaY ,mu©rrsm; tpHk rsuEf mS csi;f qdik w f hJ
tcsed rf mS wynfah wmfu pNy;D ajymygw,f}
]bmawGajymwmvJ}
]tarGypön;f pkwm tarBu;D ½Sad o;ayrJh xde;f Edik w f mr[kwf
awmhvdkY tarGcHxdkufolawGu cGJa0,lxm;MuawmhrvdkYbJ? tJ'g
vlBu;D awGvnf; od&atmif ac:xm;wmvdYk pajymw,f}
]qufajymwmvkyfygOD;}
]ajreJaY ½Tukd cGyJ g? tdref aYJ iGukd xm;ygOD;? tJ'gu rvdt k yfao;
vdyYk gyJ}

340 ÓPuxm
]onfvakd jymawmh aiGubmjyKvYkd rcGw J mvJvYkd vlBu;D wpfO;D

uar;ygw,f? tarBu;D vdt k yfvsif rawmif;&bJ oH;k zdyYk g/ 'gayrJY
aovsifcszdkYvdkYyJ vG,fvG,fajzvdkufygw,f}
]aemufqufcGJa&mvm;}
]qufajymygao;w,f}
]bmawGvJ vkyyf gOD;}
]cGw
J thJ cg ESpyf ykH yJ NkH y;D cGyJ g? OD;Zif;yg oH;k a,muf½w dS ,f qdak yrJY
OD;Zif;twGuf xnfrh cGyJ geJv Y Ykd ajymcJw h ,f}
]a,mufzvkyo f u l 0ifajymygw,f/ OD;Zif; onfvrkd vkyf
oifb h ;l ? OD;Zif;[m i,fao;w,f/ bke;f Bu;D b0qdw k m q&mawmf
Bu;D awG xGuw f mawmif wykBH u;D ½Sw d ,fvYkd ajymygw,f}
]rif;ubmjyefajymvJ}
]OD;Zif;u bke;f Bu;D rdYk tarGr,lwm r[kwyf gbl;/ onfxrJ mS
OD;Zif;&xdu k wf mr½Sb d ;l jrifvYkd r,lwmygvdaYk jymNy;D cGaJ pvdu k yf gw,f}
]rif;[mur½Sif;ygbl;}
]bmvJbk&m;}
]rif;u &xdu k w f ,frjrifvq Ykd w kd m bmvJ}
]tarwd k Y vk y f u d k i f v d k Y & wJ h y pö n f ; xJ u oH k ; ruk e f v d k Y
usecf whJ mxJrmS wynfah wmf &xdu k w f m r½Svfd yYkd gyJ}
]ud,k t hf arusew f m? &xdu k w f m r½Sbd aJ ervm;}
]tJ'gu xH;k pHy}J
]wynfhawmfu xHk;orm;rSr[kwfawmhwmyJbk&m;}
]BuD;us,fw,fuGm}

ÓPuxm 341
]r[kwfygbl;}
]vkyfygOD;}
]xH;k qdw
k m bmtodtjrifrS r½Sw
d o
hJ al wGaemufu vdu
k v
f yk f
zd&Yk myJ}
][kwfwmaygh}
]wynfah wmfu bmtodtjrifrS r½Sw d o
hJ rl rS [kww
f myJ}
]bmawG rif;uodwmvJ]
]rdbypön;f [m om;orD;awGvnf; qdik w f ,f}
][kww f ,f? 'gaMumifh tarGc&H wmaygh}
]qdkifyHkMunfh&atmif}
]b,fvdkMunfhrSmvJ}
]rdbypön;f ½SmwJt h cg om;orD;awGuvnf; tultyHh vdk
tyfovdk vkyMf u&w,f}
]'gaygh}
]t"du½Smoluawmh rdbaygh? 'gaMumifh &wJyh pön;f rdbydik f
w,f}
][kwfwmaygh}
]usecf v hJ siaf wmh om;orD;awGyJ ydik &f wmyJ}
]'gtrSeyf }J
]wynfah wmfu rdbpD;yGm;½SmwmrSm bmrSrulb;l bl;}
]ig;ESpo f m;u ausmif;ae? ud&k if0wf? &[ef;vky?f awmxGuf
eJY aecJw
h m usew f meJbY mqdik rf vJ}
][muGm}

342 ÓPuxm
47/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd a½Tjrifwifausmif;awmfü {nfo h nf

bke;f Bu;D wpfO;D tm; ½SiOf mPajymaom edAmÁ e'DyeDb,fvJ
taMumif;pum;
]OD;OmPa&;wJh edAmÁ e'DyeDb,fvJ usr;f taMumif; enf;

enf;ajymprf;ygOD;}
]bmodcsifwmvJ}
]tpHkyJ}
]ar;av}
]bmvdak Mumifh a&;jzpfwmvJ}
]wpfaeYrmS oH;k q,fay;q&mawmfeUJ w&m;taMumif; ajym
Mu&if;eJY edAmÁ eftaMumif; q&mawmf&UJ ajymcsuu f kd jyefaqG;aEG;cJh
w,f}
][kwfNyD}
]q&mawmfu tJ'g jyefracsEikd af yrJY b0ifrusb;l / onf
awmh pmtkyw f pftyk f ay;vduk w
f ,f/ tJ'gudzk wfygOD;vdvYk nf; ajym
w,f}
]pmtkyu f edAmÁ e'DyeDvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]zwfa&mvm;}
]Nr;D Munf½h yHk ?J rzwfygbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]tm;vHk;rSm;aewmawGUvdkY}

ÓPuxm 343
][kwfNyD}
]q&mawmfeYJ aemufwpfBurd af wGUawmh pmtkyzf wfNy;D Nyv D m;
ar;w,f}
]rzwfbl; ajza&mvm;}
]tm;emp&mBuD;? b,fajzrvJ}
]b,fvdkajzvJ}
]rNyD;ao;bl;aygh}
][if}
]aemufwpfcgar;vnf;onfvdkyJajzvmwm oHk;cgtxdyJ}
]vGefwmaygh}
]'geJyY J rzwfcsiw f mudk zwfcsiaf tmif acsmah rmhNy;D twif;
zwf&w,f}
]NyD;a&mvm;}
]Ny;D w,f/ Ny;D awmh odycf pH m;&w,f/ onfrmS ;wmBu;D awmh
q&mawmfukd ajymudak jymrS qdNk y;D pm½Guef nf;enf;ay:rSmcsNy;D ajym
csiw
f mawG a&;vdu k w f ,f/ tJ'gu rqH;k Edik jf zpfomG ;w,f/ pmrsuEf mS
(300)avmufy/J tJ'g ½Sp&f ufMumw,f}
]NyD;awmh pmtkyfuav;csKyfNyD; olYpmtkyfeJYtwlwGJxkyfNyD;
q&mawmfqt D ydcYk ikd ;f vdu
k f &w,f}
]'gèedAÁme'DyeDb,fvJ a&;&jcif;taMumif;yJaygh}
][kwfw,f}
]bmawGa0zefxm;vJ}
]enf;enf;yg;yg;ygyJ}

344 ÓPuxm
]y"meuswm enf;enf;ajymygvm;}
]oOyg'daooedAmÁ efç tEkyg'daooedAmÁ ef t,ltq/
oknwç tedrw d çå tyÜP[ d w d edAmÁ ef t,ltq}
]edAÁmefudk Oypm&aZmeJY r*faZmwdkYu jrifjywJht,ltq
'guav;awGavmufygyJ}
]'gawGu b,fvdkawGjzpfaeMuvdkYvJ}
]tJ'gawmh zwfMunfrh yS }J
][kwyf gw,f/ xGucf sed af pmifyh g}
]enf;enf;ajymvd&Yk vsif enf;enf;ajymygOD;/ A[kow k aygh}
]ArmjynfrmS edAmÁ ef[m &m*uke&f mukeaf Mumif;vdYk bmom
jyefvmcJ&h mu v,fwq D &mawmfwaYkd cwfa&mufawmh &m*ukejf cif;
vdyYk J bmomjyefawmhw,f}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]a½S;u jyefou l OD;Ak"af ygh? jyefwmu t|uxmrlt&yJ}
]t|uxmu bmajymvdkYvJ}
]ukejf cif;eJu
Y ek af Mumif;udk a'oemtcsuaf wG trsm;tjym;eJY
aqG;aEG;Ny;D ukeaf Mumif; vkyo f ifw
h ,fvYkd tajzay;oGm;w,f}
]b,ft|uxmvJ}
]oar®m[0daem'eDaygh}
]tJ'gudk v,fww D uYkd ausmw f ufwmaygh}
][kwfw,f}
]awmfvSacsvm;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}

ÓPuxm 345
]ESpaf ygif;wpfaxmifih g;&mausmu f t|uxmudk ausmv f eG f

atmif awG;ac:jyEdkifvdkYaygh}
]'gqdkvsifawmh rSm;NyD}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]olawG;wm reufeb J ;l }
]vkyfygOD;}
]y&rwf[m bm0om"e omrkus© wjå zpfw,f/ uwåKom"e
eJY t"du&Pom"e awGrjzpfb;l qdw k meJyY J ajymwmjzpfvyYkd }J
]onfvdkvm;}
]'gwifrubl;}
]bm½Sdao;vJ}
]olqw kd hJ tJonftqdu k kd ol[ Y molNraJ tmif rvkyEf ikd b f ;l }
]b,fvdkvJ}
]edAmÁ e'DyeDusr;f xJrmS edAmÁ ef[m bk&ifew YJ w
l ,f/ awmol
Bu;D eJw
Y w
l hJ 0dyóemÓPf[m edAmÁ efawGUvdYk NrKd U0efew YJ w
l rhJ *fÓPf
jzpf&w,fqNkd y;D edAmÁ ef[m udavomNird ;f aMumif; t"dygÜ ,f½w dS yhJ ukH kd
xkwfoGm;w,f}
]onfvq kd akd wmh pum;udak ½SUaemufnaD tmif rajymEdik f jzpf
wmaygh}
]tJ'gyJ}

346 ÓPuxm
48/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd a&Tjrifwifawmifay:ü bke;f awmfBu;D

wpfyg;tm; ½SiÓf Pajymaom y|mef;taMumif;pum;
]bkef;awmfBuD; <uvmwmaeylvdkufwm}
][kww f ,f [dbk uf½mG BuKd qif;rSmqdak wmh tcsed &f atmif
vdkYyJ}
]tapmBu;D ½Syd gao;w,f? naeav;em&DavmufrS qif;yg?
ylvyS gw,f/ onfrmS tem;,lygOD;}
]aumif;w,fAsm}
]t½Sib f &k m; b,fuwke;f }
]awmifwGif;BuD;NrdKUe,fxJu ½Gmwpf½Gmuyg}
]taemufbuf½GmeJY b,fvdktquf½SdvdkYvJ}
]i,fi,fu awmifNrKd UrSmpmcsaepOfu awmifay:rSm wpf
ywfavmufvmae&if; tJonf½mG udk qGr;f cHpm;zl;wmyJ}
]tckrS trSwf&vdkYvmwmvm;}
]tJonf½mG ausmif;xdik w f b
hJ ek ;f Bu;D uav;u udpNö y;D Ny-D ajym
vdkYvmwm}
]olu bke;f Bu;D wdwYk ynfah erSmyJ}
][kwfw,f olwdkYtBuD;wef;rSm y|mef;csay;cJh&w,f}
]bke;f Bu;D u awmifNrKd UrSm y|mef;pmcsay;olvm;}
][kww f ,f wpfavQmufv;kH y|mef;csay;cJw h myJ}
]bkef;BuD;touf ig;q,f0ef;usif½Sda&mhr,faemf}
][kwfygw,f}

ÓPuxm 347
]awmifNrdKUudk ausmcdkif;wmMumNyDvm;bk&m;}
]odyfrMumao;ygbl;}
]awmifwiG ;f rSmawmh y|mef;udk oifray;&awmhb;l jzpfrmS yJ
ayghaemf}
][kww f ,f y|mef;oif,El ikd o
f l r&SMd ubl;}
]y|mef;u oiforl ½Sv d sif odyBf u;D oH;k Edik rf mS r[kwb
f ;l yJ}
][kwfw,f}
]y|mef;u wu,ftoH;k csMunfah wmhvnf; r½Si;f rvif;Bu;D
bk&m;aemf}
]½Sif;ygw,f}
]wu,f ½Sif;wmvm;bk&m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]½Si;f w,fxifwmvJ jzpfaeygOD;r,fb&k m;}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]'gqdv k sif wu,fvm;? txifvm; uGjJ ym;atmif wynfh
awmf ar;Munfch siyf gw,f}
]ar;Edkifygw,f}
]wynfah wmf ar;cGijhf yKygbk&m;aemf}
]ar;yg}
]vlawG[m uHawGukd taumif;jzpfjzpf? tqd;k jzpfjzpf wpfcck k
udk jyKMuw,f? tJonfuHawG&JU tusdK;awGvnf;jzpfMuw,f? 'gawG
onfb0rSm b,fvjkd zpfwmvJqw kd m y|mef;eJY ½Si;f Edik o f vm;}
]tif;}

348 ÓPuxm
]trdefY½Sdygbk&m;}
]tif;}
]rdeyYf g}
]tif;è[kwfw,f? r½Sif;Edkifbl;}
]wu,fawmh ½Si;f ovdv k ykd ?J r½Si;f bl;bk&m;aemf}
]ajym&rSmyJ}

ÓPuxm 349
49/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd oDv½Siq

f &mBu;D wpfO;D tm; ½SiÓ
f P
ajymaom tarBuD;tokbtaMumif;pum;
]OD;Zif; jyefvmwmjrefom;yJ}
]OD;Zif;a&mufNy;D aemufaeYrmS yJ tokbcsw,f? Ny;D awmh
vnf; bmrSvyk pf &mr&Sw d meJY jyefvmcJw h ,f}
]qGrf;pOfNyD;atmif rapmifhcJhbl;vm;}
]OD;Zif;u apmifv h rYkd jzpfb;l }
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]qGr;f pOfw,fqw kd m aoolukd trQa0wJv h yk if ef;yJ}
][kwfom;yJ}
]OD;Zif;u romrSm o&P*kw H if? a&pufcsrvkyb f J csxm;cJY
wm}
][if-bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]tarBu;D romrSm oufqikd o f l tpfreJY OD;Zif; ½Sw d m? tpfr
u OD;Zif;udk bke;f Bu;D qdak wmh ]OD;Zif;csyg}-vdYk wm0efay;w,f}
]onfawmh}
]OD;Zif;vky&f wmqdak wmh OD;Zif;odwt hJ wdik ;f vkyrf q S Nkd y;D vkyf
wmyJ}
]OD;Zif;uawmh vkyNf y}D
]vkyf&rSmyJ}
]b,fvdkvkyfcJhw,fqdkwm enf;enf;ajymprf;ygOD;}

350 ÓPuxm
]onfuoGm;wJhnaerSmyJ ½Gmudka&mufoGm;w,f}
]½GmrSm bmawGvyk af eMuNyv D }J
]romr@yfx;kd Ny;D tNird q hf ikd ;f iSm;Ny;D aeNy/D cszjYkd yó'f? bk&m;
wifjyó'fvnf; iSm;Ny;D aeNy?D {nfch aH uR;arG;zdv Yk nf; pDpOfxm;Ny}D
]pHak eNyyD }J
][kww f ,f bke;f Bu;D yifzh yYkd cJ sexf m;w,f/ tJ'g OD;Zif;vkyzf yYkd /J
OD;Zif;vnf; ud, k ahf *gp&*grf½dS bke;f Bu;D tm;vH;k tokb½I <uvmvdk
ol <ua&mufvmMuzdYk tcsed ef pYJ &k yfae&mudk taMumif;Mum;vdu k f
w,f}
]b,folu BudKpDpOfwmvJ}
]tpfruvnf;½Sad eawmh tpfuw kd pfa,mufu pDpOfy&kH yg
w,f/ tarGcw JG ek ;f u romcszYkd xm;wJah iG½w dS ,fqNkd y;D pDpOfw,fvYkd
od&w,f}
]tJonfwkef;u tJonfvdkaiGxm;cJhovm;}
]tvG,af jymcJw h myg? tJonfvkd b,f&nf&, G rf vJ}
]olwpYkd pD Ofwm oabmwl&UJ vm; ar;ao;vm;}
]rar;bl;? rwlrmS pd;k aeMuyHyk }J
]OD;Zif;u rjiif;bl;vm;}
]Ny;D aewm b,f&rvJ? OD;Zif;ajymEdik w f mwpfck ½Sw d ,f/ b,f
tcsed rf mS romcsEidk rf vJ vdyYk }J
]b,fvdkajzMuvJ}
]reufjzefnae oH;k em&Dw}hJ
]tJonftcsed u f pNy;D OD;Zif;romcsr,f? onftwGi;f vkyf

ÓPuxm 351
p&m½Sw d m vkyMf uygvdYk ajym&w,f}

]eufjzefoHk;em&Dxdk;awmh}
]OD;Zif; tcsed u f akd pmifah ew,f/ oH;k em&Dx;kd awmY pk&yfvyk f
xm;wJh bke;f Bu;D awG tyifah c:cdik ;f vdu k w
f ,f/ tNird u hf {,OfusL;
wmvnf; tqHk;owfcdkif;vdkufw,f}
]bke;f Bu;D awGukd b,fyifw h mvJ}
]romr@yfxJ yifw h ,f/ yGMJ unfyh &dowfu bke;f Bu;D awG
buf vSnMhf u&wmaygh/ tJonfrmS OD;Zif;u romcstcrf;tem;
pr,fvYkd rdu k u f ½dzk ek ;f udik Nf y;D bke;f Bu;D awGa½SUu&yfNy;D ajymvduk w
f ,f}
]y&dwfowfNidrfoGm;rSmaygh}
][kww f ,f tJonfrmS tpDtpOfajymNy;D vkypf &mawG quf
vkyfw,f}
]tpDtpOfrSm bmawGvkyfovJ}
]bke;f Bu;D awGvLS wJh tpDtpOfukd pNy;D vkyw f ,f/ pum;ajym
Ny;D vSLapvdu k w f ,f}
]bmajymwmvJ}
]tarBu;D [m aowJt h xd ,Ofaus;vdrrf m jzpfcw hJ m[m
bke;f Bu;D awG&UJ tqH;k tr? taxmuftyHah Mumifh jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh
oltouf½iS pf Ofuvnf; wwftm;ovdk vSLcJw h ,f/ tckaoNyjD zpf
ayrJY olu Y , kd pf m; olu Y sew f mxJu aemufq;kH olt Y vSLtjzpf tpfru
xvSLygvdYk ajymay;vdu k w f ,f}
]vSLNy;D awmh bmvkyo f vJ}
]romrcscif onfromeJpY yfNy;D tjrwf,El ikd zf Ykd pum;ajym

352 ÓPuxm
r,fvYkd yPmr ysKd ;vdu k wf ,f}

]bkef;BuD;u b,fvdktjrwf,lrvdkYvJ}
]tJ'gqufajymw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]onfromrSm o&P*Hrk wifb;l ? a&pufcsçtrQay;wm r
vkyfbl;vdkY ajymvdkufw,f}
]vlawG acgif;eyef;Bu;D MurSmyJ}
]rodb;l qufajymw,f}
]vkyfygOD;}
]rom o&P*Hw k ifw,fqw kd m romavmif;Bu;D udk wifwm
vdYk odaeMuw,f/ tJ'grSm;ygw,f/ o&P*Hq k w
kd mudk MunfMh uyg/
t"dygÜ ,fu bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm qnf;uyfwmyJ/ tavmif;aumif
u vkyv f &Ykd rvm;/ 'g b,fvv kd J ar;p&m½Sw d maygh? tajzu rom
ydv
Yk molawG wifwmygyJ}
]OD;Zif;[m [kwyf ghrvm;}
]r[kwfbJ vkyfrvm;}
]b,fvdkvkyfwmvJ}
]qufvkyfwmMunfhyg}
]uJqufajymygOD;}
]bk&m;vufxufu oD&rd mqdw k m &Sw d ,f/ olu jynfw h ef
qmyJ/ oleUJ wpfaeYaysmzf Ykd wpfaxmifay;&w,f/ wpfaeYrmS olao
w,f/ wpfNrKd UvH;k eJUtwl bk&m;vnf;romydw Yk ,f/ okomefrmS bk&m;
u pum;ajymw,f/ ]oD&rd mudk vdck siMf uw,f? tckb,fol ,lrvJ}-

ÓPuxm 353
qdw
k mrsKd ;yJ} ]tavmif;Bu;D b,fo, l cl sirf vJ/ 'gu qufNy;D vlawG
twGuf opömjrifwt hJ xd a[majymoGm;w,f/ tJonftcgrSm vl
awGu bk&m;? w&m;? oHCmudk qnf;uyfMuwmawG vkyMf uwmyJ}
]romudk taMumif;jyKNy;D o&P*Hw k nfMuvdYk romo&P*Hk
wifwmaygh}
][kww f ,f/ 'gudk y&dwo f wfuakd jymjyNy;D onfy&dwo f wfrmS
o&P*Hk rwnf&ao;ol r½Sb d ;l ? 'gaMumifh onfromrSm o&P*Hk
wif udprö vkyb f ;l vdYk ajymvduk wf ,f}
]a&pufcstrQay;wm b,fvdkjiif;jyovJ}
]a&pufcs trQay;wJv h yk if ef;udv k nf; onfromrSm rvkyf
bl;vdkY aMumfjimay;vdkufw,f}
]a&pufcstrQay;w,fqdkwm bmvkyfwmvJ- Munfh&r,f/
aoolu pm;&rJh? 0wf&rJh? ae&rJhjzpfatmif qif;&Jaevsif tJ'gu
vGwzf Ykd ay;&wmjzpfw,f/ tarBu;D [m wu,fyJ wpfae&m&mrSm
qif;&Jaewm ½So d vm;/ 'godzYkd vdyk gw,f/ 'gudk w&m;"r®t& ½SmazG
avhvm&ygr,f/
tarBu;D aopOfu tarBu;D &JU a[monftavmif;aumif
Bu;D xJu bmxGuo f mG ;ovJ/ xGurf S wpfae&m&mrSm a&mufaevd&Yk
r,f/ bmxGuo f vJ b,forl S rodb;l / rodvrYkd xGub f ;l ajymwm
vnf; roifb h ;l / 'gudo k o
d matmif vky&f r,f/ vlaoqDu xGuçf
rxGuo f &d atmif vlt½Siaf wGqrD mS aovsif xGuEf ikd af vmufp&m
bm½So d vJ ppf&r,f/

354 ÓPuxm
vlawGrmS aowJt h xd rysupf ;D cdik rf mwJt h &m½Sw d m rawGU&

bl;/ vlawGrSm ½kyfça0'emç onmçocFg&ç0dnmOfawGyJ ½Sdw,f/
'gawG[m jzpfwahJ e&mu a½GUw,fawmif r½Sb d ;l / vl½iS af wGqrD mS
xGupf &mr½Sv d sif vlaoqDu bmrSrxGub f ;l -qdw k m xif½mS ;w,f/
onfvq kd akd wmh vlaoçvl½iS f ruGjJ ym;ovdk jzpfr,f/ vlao
[m opfyiftaovdak ygh/ tyGi?hf tcuf?t½Guf rxGuw f mvdk tod
tjrif tvIy½f mS ; r½Sad wmhwmyJ/ vl½iS [ f m pm;Edik çf oGm;Edik çf Mum;Edik çf
jrifEikd wf mawG½w dS ,f? opfyift½Siu f vnf; tyGiçhf tcufçt½Guaf wG
xGufw,f/ onfawmh vl½Sif[m a&½SifvdkyJ ajym&r,f? vlao[m
a&aovdyk J jzpfw,f/ a&[m t&nfawGjzpfvYkd jrif&h muedr&hf mudk
pD;w,f/ 'gaMumifh jrpfxçJ acsmif;xJua&awG[m wvIyv f yI f woGif
oGif pD;vIyaf ew,f/ tJ'g[m a&½Siyf ?J vl½iS v f nf; onfvykd /J "mwf
obm0awGtavsmuf odjrif vIyf½Sm; pm;aomufEdkifaewmom
jzpfw,f/ tif;xJtikd x f u J a&awG[m rpD;çroGm;çrvIy½f mS ;vdYk a&
aoajym&w,f/ obm0t& pD;&rnft h &m r[kwv f Ykd Nird af ewmyJ/
vlaovnf; onfvykd ?J "mwfobm0tavQmuf jrifEikd çf Mum;Edik çf
vIy&f mS ;Edik w
f hJ taetxm; r&Sad wmhwmyJ jzpfw,f/ tJ'gawGaMumifh
vlaoqDu wpHw k &mxGuw f mr&Sb
d ;l ? a&½Siu f kd a&aovkyw f hJ tcg
a&½Siq f uD bmrSrxGub f J vIyaf ewm&yfomG ;wmrQ jzpfovdyk /J 'g
aMumifh tarBu;D ud, k xf u J bmrS rxGub f ;l ? 'gaMumifh olb,frS
ra&mufb;l ? qif;&Jaewmvnf; r½Sb d ;l ? trQay;zdv Yk nf; bmt
aMumif;rSr½Sb d ;l ? 'gaMumifh trQay;wJv h yk if ef; rvkyb f ;l vdYk ajymvdu k f
w,f}

ÓPuxm 355
]bkef;BuD;awGu bmrSrajymbl;vm;}
]rsufvTmawGyJcsaeMuw,f}
]vlawGrsufESmawGaum}
]tHhMopdwf0ifaeMuyHkawGyJ}
]Ny;D awmh romcsa&mvm;}
][kww f ,f aemufq;kH tavmif;xkwzf Ykd pDpOfNy;D okomefomG ;
jr§Kyfvdkufw,f}

356 ÓPuxm
50/ rif;uGe;f a½Tjrifwifawmifü bke;f awmfBu;D wpfyg;tm;

½SiÓf Pajymaom edAmÁ eftaMumif;pum;
]a½Tjrifwifawmifay:rSm bkef;BuD;uav; topfwpfyg;

a&mufaew,fMum;vdYk vmawGUwmyg/ t½Sib f &k m;vm;}
][kwyf gw,f vGecf w hJ ihJ g;&ufavmufu a&mufygw,f}
]wynfhawmfu awmifay:BuD;ausmif; eHab;rSmaew,f/
toufig;q,f ½Syd gNy/D &[ef;jzpfwmESp0f gyJ ½Syd gao;w,f}
]od&wm0rf;omygw,f}
]bmw&m;awG tm;xkwfaevJ}
]tm;tm;em;em; aewmygyJ}
]t½Sib f &k m;wdYk uHaumif;ygw,f/ onfawmifBu;D [m jrifh
jrwfygw,f/ onfjrifjh rwfru I kd t½Sib f &k m;wdYk toH;k csciG &hf MuvdyYk gyJ/
wynfah wmfwu Ykd toufvnf;Bu;D ? use;f rma&;vnf; raumif;
awmh onftcGit hf a&;rsKd ; r&Edik yf gbl;? onfawmh onftcGihf
ta&;udk rqH;k ½H;I &avatmif rarhravsmah wmY oDwif;oH;k ygbk&m;}
]onfvdk owday;wm aus;Zl;txl;wifygw,f bk&m;}
]'gayrJY bmudk rarhravsmah e&rSmygvJ}
]edAÁmefudkaygh}
]'gvJ 'kw, d rdÜ aus;Zl;wifygw,fb&k m;}
]'gayrJY edAmÁ efukd wynhaf wmf rodygvm;}
]aMomf}
]t½Sib f &k m;aum edAmÁ efukd odygovm;bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 357
]aMomfè}
]wynfhawmfwdkY edAÁmefudk- rodbl; ajymMu&atmifvm;
bk&m;/ wynfah wmfw[ Ykd m onfomoemrSm i,fMuao;vdyYk gyJ}
]bd;k avmufçab;avmuf ½So d mG ;MuwJh q&mawmfBu;D awG
awmif edAmÁ efukd odomG ;MuwJyh kH ray:ygbl;}
]rif;wke;f rif;vufxufu a½Tusi*f P kd ;f wnfaxmifomG ;wJh
q&mawmfBu;D [m vufo;kH vH;k avmufxw l hJ pmtkyBf u;D wpftyk f a&;
oGm;cJyh gw,f/ emrnfu ]*rÇD&m*rÇD&edAÇLw'DyeD} vdkY jzpfygw,f/
edAmÁ eftaMumif;awG ajymwmygyJ/ 'gudk &[ef;½Siv f al wG trsm;t
jym;u rSm;aew,fvYkd t,ltqjzpfMuNy;D NrKd UjyifBu;D q&mawmfxH
awmif;yefMuw,f/ tJonfq&mawmfu edAmÁ eftaMumif; pmwpf
tkyaf &;jyefw,f/ ]edAmÁ eo½ly'DyeD} qdNk y;D awmhygyJ/ vufo;kH vH;k
avmufxw l hJ pmtkyyf gyJ/
onfaemuf t*Fvyd af cwfa&mufwt hJ cgrSmawmh v,fwD
q&mawmfu edAmÁ ef taMumif; xyfa&;jyefygw,f/ onfq&mawmf
Bu;D oH;k yg;[m tausmt f armfBu;D awGyg/ onfo;kH yg;[m edAmÁ ef t
aMumif;udk wpfrsKd ;pDajymMuygw,f/ onfawmh onfo;kH rsKd ;[m wpf
rsKd ;yJ rSev
f &Ykd ygr,f/ ESprf sKd ;uawmh rSm;rSmyg/ oH;k rsKd ;vH;k vnf; rrSm;bl;
rajymEdik yf g/ onfawmh edAmÁ ef[m q&mawmfBu;D awGawmif rodb;l
qd&k m t"dygÜ ,fa&mufygw,f/
b,fvv kd bJ &k m;? wynfah wmf ajymwmawGu t½Sib f &k m;
udk pum;awGww d of mG ;atmif ajymovdak wG jzpfaeNyv D m;/ t½Sif
bk&m;u edAmÁ efukd b,fvo kd ad ewmvJ/ aoNy;D aemuf bmtaumif

358 ÓPuxm
yavmifrS rjzpfwm[m edAmÁ efyv J rYkd sm; ,lqaewmvm;}

]tJonfvdkyJ r[kwfbl;vm;}
]tJ ' gom ed A Á m ef v d k Y ,l q vsif a wmh t½S i f b k & m;ud k
wynfah wmf w&m;pGcJ siw f ,f}
]b,fvdkpGJrSmvJ}
]yk'rf wpfcak vmufeYJ tm;r&bl;/ yk'rf av;ckavmufeYJ pGcJ sif
w,f}
]vkyfygOD;}
]aoNy;D aemuf bmrSrjzpfwm[m edAmÁ efqv kd sif ]aoNy;D
aemuf bmrSrjzpfwm[m Oapä'rdpäm'd|}d jzpfygw,f? tJ'geJY a&mae
ygw,f}
]onfawmh edAmÁ efeYJ Oapä''d|d uGjJ ym;atmif cG&J ygvdrrhf ,f/
t½Sib f &k m; 'gudk b,fvakd jz½Si;f rvJ}
]onfvakd wmY r½Si;f wwfygbl;]
]Ny;D awmh ]b0rjzpfwm vdck siw f m[m 0db0wPSm}-jzpfyg
w,f}
]b0rjzpfwm[m edAmÁ efqv kd sif tJ'g[m 0db0wPSm&JUtm
½Hv
k kd jzpfaew,f/ edAmÁ efeYJ 0db0wPSm&JUtm½Hk uGjJ ym;atmif cGjJ cm;
&ygr,f/ tJ'gudk t½Sib f &k m; cGEJ ikd yf govm;}
]'gvnf; rcGw J wfygbl;}
]aoNy;D aemuf bmrSrjzpfwmudk t½Sib f &k m;u bmvkyzf Ykd
vdkcsif&wmvJ}
]jzpfvsif 'kua© &mufr,fr[kwv f m;? tJ'gaMumifah ygh}

ÓPuxm 359
][kwNf y?D jzpfrmS u {uEÅvYkd odvv Ykd m;}

]odygw,f}
]odw,fqdkwJhtaMumif; oufaojyEdkifovm;}
]jyEdkifygw,f}
]yd#uwfxu J [mawGukd rjyeJaY emf? t½Sib f &k m;u touf
Bu;D ayrJY omoemhabmifrmS rMumao;bl;? Ny;D awmh y#dywfyJ vkyaf e
wm? y&d,wf oif&wm r[kwb f ;l ? onfawmh t½Sib f &k m;ajymwm
wynfah wmf odNy;D om;csn;f jzpfrmS rdyYk }J
]y#dywfxu J ajymrSmyg}
]tJ'g odyMf um;csiw f ,f? ajymprf;yg jrefjrefuav;yJ}
]ajymygYr,f? rajymcif t½Sib f &k m;udk ajymxm;&OD;r,f}
]ajymyg}
]t½Sib f &k m;udk twdw½f w
dS ,fvYkd jyEdik vf sitf em*wf&w dS mudk
t½Sib f &k m;u vufcaH y;&vdrrhf ,f}
][kww f maygh? twdwq f w kd m ypöKyeÜ u f a&TUvsm;oGm;wmyJ?
ypöKyeÜ [
f m tem*wfu a&GUvmwmawGy?J vufc&H rSmaygh}
]'gqdv k sif ajymr,f}
]vkyyf g}
]wynfah wmf twdwb f 0oH;k ckukd jzpfb;l w,f}
]wu,fvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]bmb0awGwHk;}
]rif;om;b0? qifb0eJY atmufcsi;f iSub f 0awGy}J

360 ÓPuxm
]tJ'gawG r[kwb f ;l vdYk ajym&atmif/ tJ'gawGukd wynfh

awmf rodb;l ? 'gayrJY [kww f ,fajym&atmifuvnf; rodb;l jzpfae
w,f/ 'gudk rajymEdik v f siv f nf; twdwb f 0½Swd mudk vufcaH y;&
rvdkjzpfw,f/ onfvdkvnf; vG,fvG,fawmh vufcHray;csifbl;?
onfawmh onfpum;udk enf;enf;avmuf qpfMunfch siw f ,f? qpf
cGifhay;rvm;}
]qpfyg}
]aumif;NyèD wynfah wmfqpfr,f? wynfah wmfu wpfceG ;f yJ
qpfEikd rf mS jzpfvYkd wynfah wmfqpfwmudk t½Sib f &k m;u tajy;tvTm;
rajzeJ?Y tav;teufpOf;pm;Ny;D ajzay;&r,f}
]aumif;ygNyDèajzyghr,f}
]uJè'gjzifh ar;Ny?D t½Sib f &k m;[m psmef&ovm;}
]tif-}
]a[mèwynfah wmf&UJ ar;cGe;f udk t½Sib f &k m;ajzNy;D csed f vGeNf y}D
t½Sib f &k m; rajzbl;}
]wynfah wmfu wpfceG ;f wnf; qpfp&m½Sw d mqdak wmh 'geJyY J
xyfqpf&rSm? 'kwd,rÜd qpfr,fbk&m;}
]t½Sib f &k m;[m psmef&ovm;}
][if;}
]ESpBf urd af jrmuf wynfah wmftar;udk t½Sib f &k m;rajzbl;}
]olawmfaumif;awG pum;ajymwm[m oH;k Burd q f vkd siaf wmh
rajzvsif rajzbl; rSwaf wmhr,f/ tJ'g t½Sib f &k m;u ajzyg}
]aemufqHk;ar;NyD bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 361
]t½Sib f &k m; psmef&ovm;}

]tif;-wynfah wmf? tif;-psmefr&ygbl;}
]b,fvakd jzvdu k wf mvJ bk&m;/ ]psmefr&bl;vd}Yk - ajzvdu k f
w,fvYkd wynfah wmfMum;wm [kwyf g&JUvm;}
]tif;-? [kwyf gw,f}
]onfvq kd v
kd siaf wmh t½Sibf &k m;udk ajym&r,f}
]ajymygbk&m;}
]t½Sib f &k m;[m onfwpfxikd x f rJ mS pum;ESpcf eG ;f ajymcJNh y}D
]bmawGygvdrfY}
]yxrwpfceG ;f u ig-aemufb0oH;k ck odw,f-qdw k myJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]'kw,d wpfceG ;f u igpsmefr&ao;bl;-qdw k myJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]ajym&rSmu onfpum;ESpcf eG ;f [m wpfceG ;f u wpfceG ;f udk
acszsufaew,f? ESpfcGef;vHk; NydKifwlrSefvdkY r&bl; jzpfaew,f}
]'gaMumifh onfEpS cf eG ;f xJu wpfceG ;f cGe;f udk jyefEw k af y;yg/
aemufb0½Sw d ,f qdw k mudk rodb;l vdyYk J jzpfjzpf? psmefr&bl;qdw k mudk
&w,fvYkd jzpfjzpfaygh}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]aemufb0awGukd odw,fqw kd m ÓPfy/J bmÓPfvJ qdk
vsiaf wmh ]ykaAÁe0d gomEkówdtbdnmOfOÓPf}-aygh}
]onfÓPf[m psmefr&bJ ÓPf&w,fqw kd m jzpfaeyg
w,f/ ÓPf&vsif psmef& &ygr,f/ psmefr&vsif ÓPfr& &ygbl;/

362 ÓPuxm
'gaMumifh wpfceG ;f yJ rSev f &Ykd ygr,f/ wpfceG ;f uawmh jyifay;&rSmyg}

]t½Sib f &k m;u b,fpum;udk jyifr,fqw kd m a½G;Ny;D jyifyg
vdyYk J ajym&rSmaygh}
]tif;èaemufb0oH;k ck odw,fqw kd myJ jyif&rSmygyJ}
]aumif;NyèD 'gqdv k sif twdwb f 0½Sw d mudk xif½mS ;rjyEkid v f Ykd
tem*wfb0 ½Sw d ,f qdw k mvJ rodb;l ajym&m a&mufNyaD emf}
][kwfygw,f}
]aemufyk'frwpfck ajym&OD;r,f}
]ajymygbk&m;}
]t½Sib f &k m;u w&m;&Ny;D vdYk aovsif edAmÁ ef&NyD xm;vdu k yf g
awmh}
][kwfNyDbk&m;}
]edAmÁ ef&wJt h csed f t½Sib f &k m;u ½Sad eOD;rSmvm;}
]r½Sdawmhygbl;}
]t½Sib f &k m; ½Sad ewke;f vnf; edAmÁ efu r&ao;bl; r[kwf
vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvq kd v kd sif t½Sib f &k m;eJY t½Sib f &k m;vdck siw
f ehJ Ad mÁ efeYJ
bmqdkifovJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]t½Sifbk&m; ½Sdaewkef;rSm edAÁmefr½Sdbl;? edAÁmef½SdaecsdefrSm
t½Sib f &k m;u r½Sb d ;l jzpfaeawmh t½Sib f &k m;eJU edAmÁ efu wjcm;pD
jzpfaeygvm;? [kw&f UJ vm;}

ÓPuxm 363
][kwfygw,f}
]'gèb,fvdkajz½Sif;rvJ}
]rajzwwfygbl;}
]aemufq;kH wpfck ajymr,f/ edAmÁ efqw kd m Nird ;f at;jcif;vu©
Pm½Sdw,fqdkwm Mum;zl;ovm;}
]Mum;zl;ygw,f}
]aumif;NyèD edAmÁ efqw kd m Nird ;f at;w,f/ [kww f ,faemf}
][kwfygw,f}
]Nird ;f at;w,fqw kd m pum;0gusrmS bmpum;vH;k vJ? 0gpö
0gpuvm;aygh? Bu, d mvm;? um&uvm;-aygh}
]½Si;f ygOD;}
]Nird ;f at;w,fqw kd m t*Fvyd v f q kd v
kd sif 0gp*FawGxrJ mS Am
bf(Verb) pum;vH;k jzpfw,f/ qmbf*su(f Subject)? atmbf*suf
(Object) qdw k mawGr[kwb f ;l vdYk qdv
k wkd myg/ 'gawG[w k &f UJ vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]Ambf[m jrefrmvdBk u, d mpum;vH;k awG[m wpfcsed w f nf;
rSm uwåm;jzpfwhJ jyKvyk o f l odrYk [kwf jzpfymG ;ol½rdS S jzpfygw,f}
]Bu, d m[m uwåm;rygvsif pum;rjzpfygbl;? oGm;w,fqkd
wmcsn;f &SNd y;D oGm;olrygbl; qdv k sif pum;rajrmufygbl;? [kww f ,f
aemf}
][kwfygw,f}
]tck t½Sib f &k m;&JU edAmÁ ef[m Nird ;f at;jcif;qdak wmh Bu, d m
pum;yJ? [kww f ,faemf}

364 ÓPuxm
][kwfygw,f}
]Bu, d mqdv k sif wpfcsed w f nf;rSm uwåm;½S&d rSmjzpfayrJY Nird ;f
at;ol yk*Kd¾ vuf wåm;[m Nird ;f at;jcif;jzpfaecsed rf mS jzpfv&Ykd &JUvm;}
]r&ygbl;}
]onfvq kd v kd sif edAmÁ ef[m pum;vdak wmif yDatmifajymvdYk
r&wJt
h &m jzpfraebl;vm;}
]jzpfaeygw,f}
]edAmÁ efqw kd phJ um; aemifb0 bmrSrjzpfwmqdv k sif uwåm;rJh
Bu,
d mqdak wmh pum;t*Fg pH&k UJ vm;}
]rpHkygbl;}
]'gqdk pum;usKd ; pum;yYBJ u;D aygh}
]ajym&rSmyg}
]onfawmh 'gBu;D udv k ckd siaf ew,fqw
kd m pum;awmif yD
atmif rajymwwfojl zpfw,fvYkd ajymp&mrjzpfb;l vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gudk b,fvakd csrvJ}
]racswwfygbl;}

ÓPuxm 357
'kwd,tkyf
½SifÓP
(udk,fwdkifzwf½IavYvm okawoejyK trSefod&eftwGuf ul;,lygonf? wpfqifY jzefYa0cGifYrjyK)

358 ÓPuxm

ÓPuxm 359
rmwdum
trSwf pmrsuf
taMumif;t&m
pOf ESm
rmwdum 359
tcef;(7) 363
a'oEÅ&pum;rsm;
51/ rif;uGe;f a½Tjrifwifawmifü ajymaom wdbufomG ; 365
pum;
52/ rEÅav;qdik ;f wef;&yfüajymaom cEÿ&dwaf rSmpf um; 376
53/ a½Tjrifwifawmifüf ajymaom 0do'k rd¨ *fb,fvpJ um; 386
54/ a½Tjrifwifawmifü 'kw, d aeYajymaom 0do'k rd¨ *fb,f 393
vJ pum;
55/ a½Tjrifwifawmifü pwkwa¬ eYajymaom 0do'k rd¨ *fb,f 407
vJpum;
56/ a½Tjrifwifawmifü ajymaom rdvEd y´ O§m0w¬Kb,fvJ 417
pum;
57/ *E¨m&Dorm;rsm;tm; ajymaom olYpnf;udk,fYpnf; 425
pum;
58/ wynfhausmif;q&mtm; ajymaomykwD;pum; 432
59/ Aef;armuf? yifykHacsmif;ü bkef;BuD;wpfyg;tm; ajym 440
aompum;
60/ Aef;armuf? a0pkwcf sq
D &mawmftm; ajymaompum; 446

360 ÓPuxm
rmwdum(tquf)
trSwf pmrsuf
taMumif;t&m
pOf ESm
61/ a':wifwifvif;tm; ajymaomo'¨gudyk nmjzifx Y ed ;f 450
pum;
62/ a':wifwifvif;tm; ajymaom ½lyb0qdu k pf um; 458
63/ a':vSusiftm; ajymaom ylp&mudk&ifqdkifpum; 465
64/ a':vSusiEf iS aYf ':wifwifvif;tm; ajymaompum; 469
65/ c&pf,mefO;D aumif;pHtm;ajymaom ay;wdik ;f raumif; 476
pum;
66/ rd;k aumif;rS w½kyvf il ,ftm; ajymaom &wemok;H yg; 483
aus;Zl; pum;
67/ q&mBu;D a':cifvt S m; ajymaom onfb0twGuf 489
pum;
68/ q&mBu;D a':cifvt S m; ajymaom qGr;f cHr<upum; 495
69/ q&mBu;D a':cifvt S m; ajymaom ud, k u
Yf ,
kd uf akd us;Zl; 499
wif pum;
70/ q&mBu;D a':cifvt S m; ajymaom ykw;D [moDvysuf 503
pum;
71/ "r®uxduq&m OD;0if;pdet f m; ajymaom bk&m;½kyyf Hk 526
pum;
72/ ajrmufq&mBuD;tm;ajymaom tmumoynwf 546
pum;
ÓPuxm 361
rmwdum(tquf)
trSwf pmrsuf
taMumif;t&m
pOf ESm
73/ ajrmufq&mBu;D tm;ajymaom wrvGe0f g' pum; 556
74/ a½Tjrifwifawmifü OD;*kP0EÅtm;ajymaom arwåm 577
tusKd ; pum;
75/ oBueF af usmif;ü rvSNrKd it f m;ajymaom vlrazsmufeYJ 584
pum;
76/ 0dZÆm0dvmood'¨dtm;ajymaom vufawGUjzpfEdkifrS 589
ajym pum;
77/ 0dZmÆ bke;f Bu;D tm;ajymaom bke;f Bu;D avQmuf&rnfh 596
vrf; pum;
78/ aum@nAk'&¨ [ef;tm;ajymaom w&m;odypHk um; 601
79/ aum@nAk'&¨ [ef;tm;ajymaom &[ef;udppö um; 610
80/ aq;q&mBu;D OD;baomftm;ajymaom w&m;*kP&f nf 621
pum;
81/ vSawmOD;qiftm;ajymaom jrpfi,faqG;aEG;yGpJ um; 631
82/ vSawmOD;qiftm;ajymaom ysuw f aYJ e&mMunfh pum; 637
83/ "r®u d OD;boef;wdEYk iS aYf qG;aEG;aom udavompum; 641
84/ q&mawmft½SifMoo"tm;ajymaom Zift,l0g' 652
pum;
85/ OD;xGe;f ½Sed t
f m; ajymaom y&rwf½v I sif w&m;r&bl; 658
pum;

362 ÓPuxm
rmwdum(tqkH;)
trSwf pmrsuf
taMumif;t&m
pOf ESm
86/ OD;yÍöi;f Bu;D OD;t*¾tm;ajymaom ed,wrdpmä 'd|pd um; 663
87/ pukwu kd üf OD;om*&wdtYk m;ajymaom tzGUJ ay:tzGUJ xyf 673
pum;
88/ OD;cspfwiftm;ajymaom Ak'¨0g'ocFytñTef;usrf; 680
pum;
89/ wumwpfO;D tm;ajymaom "r®yZl mbk&m;½Scd ;kd pum; 683
tcef;(8) 687
w&m;pGJqkdcH&pOfu ajymaompum;rsm;
90/ wumwpfO;D tm;ajymaom ed,wrdpmä 'd|pd um; 689
91/ awm0dik ;f q&mawmftm;ajymaom qkBu;D yefpum; 696
92/ rif;uGe;f ½GmrS uav;rav;cifaqG0if;tm; ajymaom 702
pum;
93/ 0drwk Ódå P'óetzGUJ Ouú|tm;ajymaom tBuaH y; 707
pum;
94/ a½Tbrkd w S umrsm;tm;ajymaom ausmufoabFm0depd ä 713
, pum;
95/ OD;0if;armifEiS hf rdwaf qGrsm;tm;ajymaom Ak'j¨ yZmwf 736
pum;

ÓPuxm 363
tcef;(7)
a'oEÅ&pum;rsm;(2)

364 ÓPuxm

ÓPuxm 365
tcef;(7)
a'oEÅ&pum;rsm;(2)
51/ rif;uGef; a½Tjrifwifawmifü wynfhwumrwpfOD;tm;

½SiÓf Pajymaom wdbufomG ;pum;
]bkef;BuD; wdbufa'orSm b,favmufMumatmif aecJh

ovJ bk&m;}
]av;vavmuf MumrSmyJ/ c&pfESpfyxrvrSm a&mufNyD;
ig;vydik ;f rSm jyefcw
hJ myJ}
]tJonfudk b,fvdka&mufoGm;wmvJbk&m;}
]ylwmtdk tv,fomG ;wmyJ? tJonfa&mufawmh wdbuf
awGvmw,f Mum;w,f? ,k0wD*si;f azmr,f&UJ wdbufomG ;aqmif;
yg;awGvnf; i,fi,fu zwfxm;awmh oGm;csipf w d af ygufvYkd oGm;cJh
wmyJ}
]b,foleJYoGm;vJ}
]tazmfvrf;jyeJY tiSm;txrf;orm;awGeYJ oGm;&w,f}
]b,favmufMum oGm;&ovJ}
]q,f&ufavmufeYJ oGm;cJw h ,f/ rcsr;f abmuxGuv f siaf ygh}
]vrf;½GmawGu bmvlrsdK;bmomudk;uG,folawGvJ}
]&0rfvlrsdK;? c&pf,mefawGyJ}
]wdbufawGu b,frSmaewmvJ}

366 ÓPuxm
]arvdcjrpfzsm;txufrmS ½Sr;f ckavmifjrpf? t'Geaf vmifjrpf

ESpcf ½k w
dS ,f? tJonf&UJ tzsm;awGrmS yJ}
]tJonfrSm csrf;rSmaemf}
]a&cJawmifawGMum;xJyJ? aqmif;wGif;rSm a&cJzwfawG
vnf;uswhJ ae&mawGy}J
]bmawGpm;MuovJ}
]xrif;awmhr½Sad wmhb;l / *sKH Murf;rIe?Yf ajymif;zl;? *se'f &DEiS hf
,rf;bwf tp&Sw d mawGy}J
]"avhawGu b,fvdkaevJ}
]Ak'b ¨ momtqH;k tratmufrmS ½Sw d mcsi;f wlawmh olwpYkd w d f
aepdwx f m;[m em;rvnfp&m bmrSr½So d avmufygyJ}
]bmoma&;udk b,favmufodovJ}
]bmrS rodoavmufbJ? 'gayrJY av;pm;rIyrmPuawmh
toufavmufyJ}
]rodbJ b,fvdkwefzdk;xm;wmvJ}
],HMk unfr[I m bmomw&m;&JU tESpo f m&qdw k m 'grsKd ;yJ
xifyg&JU}
]bkef;BuD;tay: b,fvdkoabmxm;MuovJ}
]Armjynfu bk&m;tay: oabmxm;oavmufyv J Ykd ajym
vsif rSm;rSmr[kwb f ;l }
]wm0ef 0wå&m;vnf; vdw k mr½Sjd zpfrmS ayghaemf}
][kwfygw,f}

ÓPuxm 367
]tJonfrmS aezdYk rajymbl;vm;}

]wjcm;olqv kd sif &atmifjyefEikd rf ,f rxifb;l }
]tJonfrmS aysm&f UJ vm;}
]aysmvf aYkd wmh b,f&rvJ}
]taetpm; qif;&Jvv Ykd m;}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]ud,
k v f yk &f rnft h vkyaf wG vkyv f &Ykd wJah e&m r[kwv f yYkd gyJ}
]tJonfuvlawGu cifp&maumif;&JUvm;}
]arhvrYkd &Edik pf &m vlawGcsn;f yJ}
]'gqdkvsif olwdkYtwGuf &ifxJrSmcHpm;&rSmaygh}
]jyefrawG;rdatmifae&w,f}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]awG;rdvsif ud, k whf m0ef rausovdrk sKd ; tawG;usyu f syf
oGm;vdkYyJ}
]'gqdv k siv f nf; jyefvmzdrYk aumif;bl;}
]ud,k v f yk &f rnft h vkyu f b,fvrkd S cGirhf jyKvb Ykd }J
]tJ'g cufwmyJ}
]olwb Ykd 0u ud, k yf o
J w d m/ ud,k u f bmrS olwt Ykd wGuf
rvkyEf ikd af wmh b,fvakd jymjy&rvJxu J yJ}
]tJonfu tjzpftysuu f av; wpfuu G af vmuf ajymjyyg
vm; bk&m;}

368 ÓPuxm
]em;axmifav}
]aumif;NyDbk&m;}
]yxrqH;k pa&mufwhJ wdbuf½mG uav;[m x0ef'rf;vdaYk c:
w,f/ tJonf½mG u av;tdr½f w dS thJ euf ESpt f rd yf aJ wGU&w,f}
]usefwJhESpftdrfu b,fa&mufvdkYvJ}
]tJonfxu J wpftrd u f acsmif;wpfbufu awmifuek ;f
ay:rSm? wpftrd u f acsmif;txufu tauGUtjyefu Y av;&JU wpfae
&mrSmyJ}
]tuGJuGJyJ}
]ajrae&mr½Sv d Ykd ½S&d mrSm aqmufMu&wJh oabmyJ}
]ae&mu r½Sb d ;l vm;}
]awmifMum;usOf;usOf;uav;awGyJ? r½Sdbl;}
]tJonf½mG rSm Mumovm;}
]tMumqH;k avmufy/J tJonf½mG a&mufNy;D q,fih g;&uf
avmuft&rSmyJ awmifuek ;f ay:uvmac:vdYk vdu k o
f mG ;w,f}
]tvsiu f ac:aeus r½Sb d ;l vm;}
]ac:ygw,f/ tckac:wmu udp&ö v dS yYkd }J
]bmudpövJ}
]OD;Zif;udk olwrYkd o
d m;pk&UJ tBu;D tuJtjzpf *kPjf yKtyfEiS ;f
zdkYyJ}
]tJ'gajymNy;D ac:wmvm;}
]r[kwfbl;}

ÓPuxm 369
][du
k srS odwmaygh}
][kwfw,f}
]olwdkYbmajymvJ}
]auR;arG;p&m½Sw
d m auR;arG;Ny;D awmh onftaMumif; pajym
w,f}
]olwu Ykd bmeJaY jymvJ}
]&0rfpum;eJaY jymNy;D &0rfuav;wpfa,mufu Armvdk jyef
ay;w,f? BuKd ;pm; em;axmif&wmaygh}
]ajymyHkvkyfygOD;}
]olwrYkd o d m;pku olw&Ykd UJ tBu;D tuJtjzpf bke;f Bu;D udk tyfEHS
ygw,f-vdkYyJ}
]olwdkYrdom;pku b,fESpfa,muf&SdwmvJ}
]vifr,m;ESpfa,mufeJY (17)ESpft½G,f orD;wpfa,muf?
(14)ESpf? (12)ESpfavmuf om;ESpfa,muf? cav;ri,fav; wpf
a,mufyJ}
]bkef;BuD;u bmjyefajymvJ}
]cifAsm;wdrYk o d m;pk&UJ tBu;D tuJtjzpf tyfEw HS mudk ody0f rf;
omygw,f/ onfvkd tyfEcHS &H zdv Yk nf; rarQmv
f ifzh ;l bl;vdYk ajym&w,f}
][kwfwmayghbk&m;}
]'gayrJv h Ykd qdNk y;D qufajym&w,f/ tckvkd tyfwmudk vufcH
vdu
k vf sif onfro d m;pk&UJ qif;&Jcsr;f omtwGuf wm0ef&w dS ,fvYkd
xifjrifygw,f/ onfawmh qif;&JrjzpfMu&atmif vrf;ñTe&f ygr,f/

370 ÓPuxm
tJ'gvufcEH ikd rf S tyfEw HS mudk vufccH siyf gw,fvyYkd }J

]olwdkYbmjyefajymvJ}
]vrf;ñTeyf g olwYkd vufcyH gYr,faygY onfvjkd yefajymMuw,f}
]bkef;BuD;u bmawGvrf;ñTefovJ}
]ig;yg;oDvudk tao;pdwfñTef&w,f}
]b,fvkd tao;pdwñ f eT wf mvJ}
]vltcsif;csif; ESdyfpufowfjzwfwmudk rvkyfbdkY yXrqHk;
ñTe&f r,f-vdaYk jymwJt h cg olwu Ykd vnf; tvsiu f vnf; vlcsi;f ESyd f
pufowfjzwfwmudk rvkyfbl;/ tckvnf; 'gudk vdkufemr,fvdkYyJ
0rf;omtm;& jyefajymMuw,f}
][kwrf mS yJ olwv Ykd nf; 'gawGvyk Mf urSmrS r[kww f mbJ}
]onfvv kd J racsmygbl;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]tv,fou d m© oH;k yk'f ñTe;f wmrSm acsmygao;&JU? aemuf
qH;k odum© ñTe;f wJt h cg xpfomG ;w,f}
]vkyfygOD;}
]ao&nfao&uf aomufo;kH rI[mvnf; vlcsi;f rNird ;f csr;f rI
awG jzpfapEdik wf ,f/ 'gudv k nf; a½Smif½mS ;ay;&r,fvYkd ñTewf thJ cgrSm
vifr,m;ESpOf ;D vH;k [m tmr½TiEf ikd f jzpfomG ;Muw,f}
]bmrS jyefrajymbl;vm;}
]rde;f rvkyo f u l pNy;D ajymw,f/ raomuf&vsif Adu k ef myg
r,faygh/ 'gaMumifh 'gudak wmh enf;enf; cGijhf yKay;ygaygh}

ÓPuxm 371
]bkef;BuD;u bmjyefajymvJ}
]Adu
k ef mwmuawmh tavhtxaMumifyh J jzpfw,f/ onf
rSm vlawG a&at; raomufMubl;? aomufvsif rembl;qdkNyD;
ud,k af wGUud, k Bf uKH awGeYJ trsm;tjym;yJ ajymvdu k w
f ,f/ Ny;D awmh
vnf; t&ufraomufbaJ erI&UJ av;eufyv kH nf; ajym&w,f/ usef
wJh trIawGtm;vH;k eJY t&ufaomufrw I pfc[ k m tnDtrQavmuf
jzpfw,fvv Ykd nf; ajymjy&w,f}
]onfawmh bmjyefajymvJ}
]a,musmf ;vkyo f u l axmufcpH um;ajymNy;D ol-raomuf
awmhb;l -vdYk ajymw,f}
]b,fvdkaxmufcHovJ}
]olwYkd wdbuftpOftvmrSmvnf; yHjk yifwpfck ½Scd ahJ Mumif;?
tJonf yHx k rJ mS t&ufq;kd wm ay:vGiaf Mumif;yJ}
]yHu
k b,fvv kd }J
]½Gmwpf½mG rSm rkq;kd rwpfO;D ½Sw d ,f/ olu aiGaMu;"evnf;
jynfph wkH ,f/ wpfaeYrmS olu ½GmolBu;D xH yefMum;xm;w,f/ onf
½Gmudk omoema&;udpö aqmif½u G zf ?Ykd onfwpfcg bke;f Bu;D <uvm
vsif tpp {nfjh yKzw Ykd m0ef ol,yl g&apvdyYk }J
]vlBuD;uvnf; ay;vdkufw,f}
]omoema&;udpöaqmif½GufzdkY e,fvSnfhvmwJhbkef;BuD;
a&mufwt hJ cg olt Y rd u f kd ydv
Yk u
kd w
f maygh}
]tJonfrmS bke;f Bu;D ausmif; r½Sb d ;l vm;}

372 ÓPuxm
]bke;f Bu;D qdak yrJY olwu Ykd tdraf xmif½v dS &Ykd w,f/ onfawmh
ausmif;r½Sdbl;aygh}
]onfawmh rkq;kd ru bke;f Bu;D udk {nf0h wfjyKwmaygh}
][kww f ,f/ bke;f Bu;D udk olu t&moH;k ckeYJ {nfjh yKr,fvYkd
ajymw,f}
]oH;k cku bmawGv}J
]yXrwpfcu k olu Y kd umr*kPrf jI yKvvkd sif jyKzYkd cGijhf yKr,f}
][if}
]r[ifeJYav}
]'gèolYtavhtxyJ}
]'kwd,u bmwJhvJ}
]olarG;xm;wJhodk;udk owfpm;cGifhjyKr,fyJ}
]wwd,uaum}
]tJ'gu t&ufawGtrsm;tjym;yJ olcsux f m;w,f/ tJ'g
awG BuKd uof avmuf wdu k rf ,fy}J
]bke;f Bu;D u t&ufvnf; aomufovm;}
]tJonfrmS bke;f Bu;D u t&uftaomuf&qH;k jzpfr,f xif
w,f/ usm;çrBu;D i,ftm;vH;k aomufw,f}
]bkef;BuD;u tJonf{nfh0wfawG vufcHvkdufa&mvm;}
]r[kwfbl;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]bkef;BuD;upOf;pm;w,f}

ÓPuxm 373
]bmpOf;pm;wmvJ}
]tJonf jyKcsuo f ;kH ckv;kH [m tjypf½w dS ,f/ onfawmh 'g
awGtm;vH;k vufcv H Ykd rawmfb;l / tm;vH;k udk jiif;vdv Yk nf; rawmf
bl;/ onfawmh tjypftenf;qH;k wpfcu k ykd J vufcrH ,f/ b,f[m
tjypftenf;qH;k vJ/ t&uf[mawmh enf;enf;aomufvsif bmrS
rjzpfEikd bf ;l / 'gyJ vufcrH ,fqNkd y;D 'gyJvufcv H u
kd w
f ,f/}
]bkef;BuD;u t[kwfom;yJ}
]'gayrJY r[kwb f ;l }
]b,fvdkvJ}
]bkef;BuD;[m t&ufenf;enf; aomufvdkufw,faygh}
][kwfNyD}
]t&ufqw kd m enf;enf;aomufvsif enf;enf; yHak jymif;
wmuvm;}
][kwfwmaygh}
]onfawmh t&ufenf;enf;u aemufxyf t&ufenf;enf;
xyfawmif;w,f? onfvekd YJ enf;enf;çenf;enf;eJY odyrf ;l oGm;w,f}
][kwfwmyJ}
]tJonftcgrSm bke;f Bu;D [m od;k udv k nf; owfpm;w,f?
rkq;kd reJv
Y nf; umrrI jyKvu kd w
f ,f}
]t&uf[m raumif;rItm;vH;k usL;vGeaf pw,faygh}
][kww f ,f/ yHu k 'gudyk J ajymwmyJ/ tdr½f iS af ,musmf ;vkyf
olu ol oabmaygufNy/D 'gaMumifh olt&ufraomufawmhb;l vdYk

374 ÓPuxm
uwdjyKw,f}
]olrY ed ;f ru bmajymvJ}
]oluawmh olvnf;BuKd ;pm;ygYr,f ajym&wmaygh}
]ol[ Y m ½d;k om;wmyJaemf}
]b,fvdk½dk;om;wmvJ}
]ol rjzwfEikd w f m&,f/ oljzwfoifw h ,f odwm&,f/ onfEpS f
cktMum;rSmol½w dS m ay:vGiaf tmif pum;ajymwm[m ½d;k om;wm
yJaygh}
]olwu Ykd vnf; onfvrf;ñTecf suaf wGukd vdu k ef mMur,f
aygY/ OD;Zif;uvnf; olwrYkd o d m;pk&UJ tBu;D tuJtjzpf jyKvyk wf mudk
vufcHcJYwmaygY}
]'g-b,fvdktusdK;jzpfovJ}
]twdkif;tqr½Sdaygh}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]pum;awG[m uav;awG a&mif;wef;0,fwef; upm;wJY
tcg ajymwm r[kwv f sif t"dygÜ ,f½w
dS ,f}
]b,fvdkqdkwm½Sif;ygOD;}
]yHek yYJ J ajym&r,f}
]ajymyg}
]r*Fvmaqmifwm[m pum;yJr[kwfvm;}
][kwfw,fajym&rSmyJ}
]tJ'g wu,fvifr,m; jzpfomG ;w,faemf}

ÓPuxm 375
]onfvq kd akd wmh bke;f Bu;D rSm rdom;wpfpk ydo k mG ;wmaygh}

][kwfwmaygh}
]tJonfro d m;pktay: bke;f Bu;D b,fvckd pH m;&vdv Yk }J
]ud,
k rhf o
d m;pktay:rSm ud, k cf pH m;&wmeJyY J Munfv h sif odEikd f
avmufygw,f}
]tJonfvdk jzpfrvm;}
]bmaMumifh rjzpf&rSmvJ}
]tckvkd uGaJ eawmh}
]udk,fhrdom;pktay: udk,fjyK&rnfhwm0efawG jyKcGifhr&vdkY
cHpm;&wmvdk rcsirhf &J cHpm;&wmaygh}
]wm0efrausovdkvm;}
][kwfw,f olwdkYom;uav;wpfa,mufudk OD;Zif;udk tydkif
ay;w,f/ tckxd r,lEikd cf b hJ ;l }
]tJonfawmhvnf; wm0efrausovdk jzpfrmS aygh}
]onftwdkif;yJ}

376 ÓPuxm
52/ rEÅav;NrdKU? qdkif;wef;&yf ausmif;tpfra':aiGwdkufü

cEÿ&dwaf rSmof iG ;f vdak om wumwpfO;D tm;
½SifÓPajymaompum;
]wumu b,fuvJ}
]onft&yfxJuyJ bk&m;}
]OD;Zif;eJpY um;ajymzdYk txl;udprö sm; ½Sad o;ovm;}
]r½Syd gbl; bk&m;/ ausmif;tpfrBu;D u bke;f Bu;D udk vma&muf
pum;ajymay;zdkY ac:xm;vdkYyg}
]aumif;ygNyD}
]OD;Zif;u A[kow k ½Swd o
hJ q
l wkd m wynfah wmfo&d ygw,f/
onfawmh awGUwkef;BuHKwkef; wpfckavmufar;yg&ap}
]A[kokw½SdvSwm r[kwfygbl;/ t&yfa'o uav;awG
ta&muftaygufeJY pmaytzwftrSwf? vufawGUtavhtvm
'gav;awGvyk w f hJ taetxm;yJ ½Sw d myg}
]'gqdv k sif pkv
H yS gNy}D
]bmoma&;uvGv J Ykd b,fynm&yfrS xdxrd rd d ravhvmzl;yg
bl;}
]bmoma&;eJYvnf; ywfoufygw,fbk&m;}
]vkyfavèar;aygh}
]wynfhawmfudk yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;u a>rukwJharSmfynmwpfck
oGi;f ay;r,f ajymaevd/Yk tJ'g toGi;f cHoifçh roifh a0zefay;apcsif

ÓPuxm 377
wmygyJ}
]bmarSmfvJ}
]cEÿ&dwfarSmf}
]tJ'gaMumifh bmoma&;eJq Y ikd w
f mud;k }
][kwfygw,f}
]oGi;f ay;rnfo h t l aMumif; ajymygOD;? olY vky&f yfuav;awG
a&maygh}
]olupdeyf ef;&yfxrJ mS aeygw,f/ tvsiu f ol bke;f Bu;D b0
rSmyg/ qef½mS ;wJEh pS (f 1967)rSmrS olrY b d pm;a&;aomufa&; csKd UwJh
w,fqNkd y;D vlxu G Nf y;D a>rukay;wJv h yk if ef; vkyaf ew,f}
]awmfawmf vufawGU&Sdovm;}
]olèOD;Zif;b0u tjzpftysuu f av; ½Syd gw,f}
]ajymygOD;}
]wpfnaerSm aq;½HBk u;D udk vlemar;oGm;aecdu k f aq;½Hrk mS
a>rudkufvlemtrsdK;orD;wpfa,muf e,fua&mufvmw,f? vlem
u arhaew,f}
][kwfNyD}
]q&m0efawGjyKpw k m r&Mubl;}
]'gudk OD;Zif;u pdw0f ifwpm; tuJcwfaew,f}
][kwfvm;}
]q&m0efawGqu D vlemudk vufavsmMh uwmawGUawmh OD;
Zif;u q&m0efawGqo D mG ;Ny;D yefMum;w,f}

378 ÓPuxm
]b,fvdkwJhvJ}
]onfvel m olupk rf;yg&apaygh}
]ay;Muovm;}
]rcGrJ pdw?f rvS;D rjzwfbJ ukEikd v
f sif ukygvd-Yk cGijhf yKMuw,f}
]uka&mvm;}
]ukw,f}
]b,fvdkukovJ}
]arYaewJv h el mudk acgif;uae ajctxd vufeo YJ yfcswmyJ}
]'gyJvm;}
]'gyJ}
]bmjzpfovJ}
]vlem[m arhae&mu xNyD;xdkifvmwmyJ? owd&vmw,f
aygh}
]aumif;om;yJ}
]q&mawGa&m vlema&muyJ aus;Zl;wifMuw,f/ olv Y yd f
pm,lxm;Ny;D a>rudu k vf el m qd;k qd;k &Gm;&Gm;awGvmvsif q&mawGu
olYqDñTefay;Muw,f}
]tJonfolu oifay;rSmaygh}
][kwfw,f}
]OD;Zif;qDu tBuOH mPfawmif;w,fqakd wmh OD;Zif;u qif
qifjcifjcifajymrS awmfr,faemf}
]onfvv kd nf; ajymEdik o f x
l ifvYkd ar;wmygbk&m;}

ÓPuxm 379
]ynmwpf&yf[m tusKd ;rjyKvnf; bmrSrjzpfb;l qdv k sif

awmh aumif;ygw,fvdkY tvG,fajymzdkYaumif;w,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]tck[mu tusKd ;rjyKvsif vlemaorSmjzpfvYkd tjypfoyd Bf u;D
w,f? av;eufw,faygh}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfawmh onfynmu vlemudk tu,ftusdK;jyKwm
[kwçf r[kwef ?YJ tusKd ;jyKwm r[kwb f J tusKd ;jyKa,mifrsKd ; aygufae
wmvm;-qdkwm qifjcifjy&rSmaemf}
][kwfygw,f}
]OD;Zif;&JU A[kow k ud,k pkH m;vdYk onfvakd r;wmqdak wmh A[k
okweJyY J qifjcifay;r,f}
]qifjcifygbk&m;}
]OD;Zif;wdaYk rG;&yfrmS vlwpfa,muf &Sw d ,f/ oluaq;ynm?
arSmyf nm? "mwfynmawG vdu k pf m;w,f/ 'gayrJY bmynmeJrY S t
oufarG;wm r[kwb f ;l / ½GmxJ ta&;ay:qdv k siaf wmh olrygrNy;D
xJuaygh}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]wpfaeYawmh ajryJEw k o f rd ;f csed ?f tjcm;u{nfo h nf tvkyf
oruav;wpfa,muf tvkycf iG rf mS a>rudu k v f Ykd tdrjf yef,v
l mNy;D
jyKpkaeMuw,f}
]wifyg}

380 ÓPuxm
]'grsKd ;qdv k sif ckeuajymwJv h u l OD;aqmify/J tckvnf; vlem

[m olUvufxJrSmaygh}
]olub,fvdkukwmvJ}
]cGNJ y;D ? oGepf yk wf myJ}
]vlawGtrsm;Bu;D ½Srd mS aygh}
]0dik ;f jyKpak eMuwmaygh/ tJonfrmS tjzpftysuu f onfae
&mrSm ta&;Bu;D w,f/ 'gaMumifh 'guav;udk aoaocsmcsm ajym
r,faemf}
]ajymygbk&m;}
]vlemu tysKd rav;jzpfw,f/ olt Y wGuf iJah pmif;p&m r½Sd
bl;aygh}
][kwfrSmyg}
]Ny;D awmhvnf; cGpJ w d w
f ,fqw kd m emw,fr[kwv f m;}
][kwfw,f}
]'gudk ajzodrfhay;wJhtaeeJY olYudk zrf;&rf;vIyf&Sm; ay;Mu
w,f/ Mumawmh vlem&JU wpfu, kd v f ;kH [m trsKd ;om;wpfO;D &JU &ifciG f
xJrmS cav;wpfa,mufvkd a&mufaew,f/ vlemuvnf; olv Y el m
tjzpfudk arYaeovdk todjzpfaeNyD/ tqdyfoifhrIvnf; ajyo
avmuf aoG;awGaumif;aeNyD}
]aysmufoGm;NyDaygh}
][kww f ,f/ onfvykd J ajym&awmhrmS yJ/ 'gayrJY q&mvkyw f hJ
tapmu ajymcJw h v
hJ ul owd½o dS q l akd wmh tdr½f iS u
f okd mG ;ajymw,f}

ÓPuxm 381
]bmajymwmvJ}
]vlemaysmufNy/D 'gayrJY ta0;u{nfo h nf a>rudu k wf m ½Gm
uvleu YJ wk ,f jzpfaer,f/ raocsiv f Ykd ½Si&f wm wm0efrausb;l
ajymp&mr½Sad tmif q&m&efuykd ifNh y;D tyfMuOD;pd-Yk vdyYk }J
]q&m&efu aq;q&mBu;D aygh}
][kww f ,f e,ftwGi;f ausmMf um;wJh q&mBu;D / oluESprf ikd f
avmuf ta0;½GmrSm ½Sw d ,f}
]oGm;yifha&mvm;}
][kww f ,f q&m&efa&mufvmawmh ½Gmuq&mu q&m&ef
udk vlemvTt J yfwmaygh/ tJonftcsed rf mS vlemtyfzt Ykd wGuf &Gmu
jyKpok al wGu ab;z,faeMuNy/D vlemuvnf; tdy&f mrSm txD;usef
yufvufuav; jzpfaeNyD}
]vlemu tm;i,frmS aygh}
][kww f ,f/ q&mBu;D rtyfygeJv Y Ykd vlemuidak jymw,f/ ½Gm
uq&mu 'gu ighxufwwfwq hJ &mBu;D aysmufatmifuak y;rSmvdYk
acsmah rmhNy;D q&mBu;D xH vlemudt k yfcw
hJ ,f/
]olYwm0efNyD;NyDaygh}
][kww f ,f? tJonfvu l yifyef;vnf;aewmqdak wmh q&m
Bu;D tyfNy;D tdrjf yefvm tdypf uf tem;,laevdu k w
f ,f/ naebuf
tdy&f muxawmh ido k MH um;w,f/ ar;Munfah wmh a>rudu k vf el m
aumifrav; aoNyo D &d w,f}
]b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ}

382 ÓPuxm
]tJ'g qifjcifp&myJaygh}
]bkef;BuD;b,fvdkqifjcifovJ}
]a>rudkufvlemawG[m a>rqdyfoifhNyD; aowmawG&Sdovdk
aMumufNy;D aowmvnf; ½SEd ikd w f ,fvyYkd /J vefNY y;D aowmaygh}
]Ny;D awmh a>rudu k v f el mawGrmS a>rqdyo f ifNh y;D arhaewmawG
½So
d vdk vefNY y;D arharsmaewmawGvnf; ½SEd ikd w f ,f/ onfvkd qifjcif
rdw,f}
]qufajymygOD;bk&m;}
]pwDaw? rEÅmefawG? wu,faysmufwJhaq;0g; r[kwfwm
awGeYJ aysmufwhJ a>rudu k vf el mawG[m a>rqdyo f ifw h m r[kwb f J
pdwuf svYkd jzpfwmawGom aysmufwmyJvYkd rSwcf sucf scsiw f ,f}
]onfvq kd v kd sif tJonfq&mawGaMumifh wu,f a>rqdyf
oifo h al wG aoMu&zdYk ½Sw d ,f? aovnf; aoaeMuw,fvYkd qifjcif
rdw,f}
]rEÅmef[m tqdyu f kd rjy,fapEdik bf ;l vm;}
]rjy,fapEdkifavmufygbl;}
]tJ'gudk b,fvdkqifjcifMunfhwmvJ}
]rEÅmefqw kd m today;csurf QyJ jzpfygw,f/ tqdy[ f m od
wwfwt hJ &m r[kwyf gbl;}
]cEöw k yf &dwu f bk&m;a[mwmyJr[kwv f m; bk&m;}
][kwyf gw,f/ tJonfow k u
f tqdyzf ,fwmqdw k mxuf
tqdy½f o dS wå0gawGu rudu k bf Ykd arwåmjyKwmyJvYkd ajym&rSmyg/ opöm

ÓPuxm 383
eJY arwåmjyKwmaygh}
]tqdyu f kd tqdyrf [kwaf tmif vkyEf ikd zf Ykd r½Sb d ;l aygh}
]tJ'g vufawGUprf;MunfhvdkY&wmyJ}
]b,fvpkd rf;&rSmvJ bk&m;}
]tqdyu f kd cGuif ,fwpfcx k x
J nfNh y;D ref;rIw&f rSmqdk ref;rIwf
aygh/ NyD;vsif tJonftqdyf[m tqdyfr[kwfawmhbJ jzpf&JUvm;?
prf;MunfhzdkYaygh}
]a>rqdyfudkawmh b,fvdkvkyf&rvJ}
]a>rqdyu f v kd nf; a>ruxkw, f v
l &Ykd wmyJ/ xkwNf y;D ? vkypf &m
½Swd m vkyaf ygh/ Ny;D awmh tqdyt f jzpfujy,fNyv D m; prf;Munfah ygh}
]pwDwYkd rEÅmefweYkd aYJ wmh b,fenf;eJrY jS zpfEikd af jc r&Sb d ;l vm;}
]r½SEd ikd &f bl;yJ/ ½Sw d ,fxifvsif ajymcJt h wdik ;f vufawGUprf;
Munfhaygh/ &vsifawmh ½SdvdkYaygh/ r&bJeJY ½Sdw,fxifaewmawmh
rvkyrf b d Ykd BuKd ;pm;oifw h maygh}
]tJonfvv kd yk vf sif avmuBu;D epfemr,f/ epfemolawG
vnf; trsm;tjym;½Sw d ,f bk&m;aemf}
][kww f ,f? tJ'g t½dik ;f yJ}
]b,fvdkaMumifh ½dkif;wmvJ}
]jrifvsifjrifwJhtwdkif; ,HkwmyJ}
]jrifwmr,Hk bm,Hk&rSmvJ}
]qifjcif&w,f/ jrifwmtwdik ;f r,H&k bl;? jrifwmudk aMumif;
usKd ;½S&d UJ vm; qifjcifEikd rf S r½dik ;f wm}

384 ÓPuxm
]pwDqdkwmu bmajymwmvJbk&m;}
]pwDqw kd m paw;eJt Y wly/J ukvm;pum; ]qaw}u vm
wmyJ? qawqdw k hJ ukvm;pum;[m ygVdvkd owD-qdw k mu ajymif;
oGm;wJhpum;yJ}
]owDu bmvJ}
]vif&UJ tvdo k mvsif tvd½k w dS hJ rde;f rudk ac:wmyJ/ vifxm;
ovdak e/ vifauR;wmpm;/ vifay;wm0wf/ vifaovsif vdu k af o
wmrsKd ;vkyw f hJ rde;f raygh}
]pwDvyk w f ,fqw kd mvJ 'geJrY uGmwJh t"dygÜ ,f,w l m jzpfrmS
yJvm;}
][kwfwmaygh/ ylwJh&moDrSm tylpmpm;/ at;wJh&moDrSm
tat;pmpm; tvkycf ikd ;f wm[m pwDawGaygh}
]onfawmh pwDqdkwm bmrSef;rod rSwfxm;wmuav;
vkyv f ukd wf mrsKd ; r[kw&f bl;ayghaemf}
]'gaygh}
]paw;vJ onfvykd v J m;}
]tJonftvkyu f kd toufay;oGm;wmrsKd ;&JU trnfyg/ owf
NyD;xnfhvdkufwmrsdK; ac:wmr[kwfbl;}
]a>rudu k w f m aysmufatmifvyk w f hJ pwDawGvnf; rodE;kd em;
awG rvkyfoifhbl;}
]a>rqdyu f kd cHEikd &f nf½o dS mG ;wJth xd vlcY EH ikd &f nftm;awG wd;k
yGm;vmatmif t&m0wåK wpfcck ak ygh/ vdr;f aq;?pm;aq;?xd;k aq;

ÓPuxm 385
trIawGeYJ paw;Ny;D vluw kd nfaqmufwmrsKd ; qdv k sif pwDvyk w f m

[m rSerf mS aygh/ tusKd ;vnf; rsm;rSmaygh/ onfvrkd [kwb f J qdv k sif
awmh pwDaMumifh tusKd ;enf;Edik w f ,f}
]bk&m;çw&m;awG[m pGr;f w,fqw kd m r[kwb f ;l }
]bk&m;a&mçoHCma&myJ? a&m*gb,awG jzpfaewmyJ/ t
pGr;f qH;k ½Siaf rm*¾vmef vl½ukd cf H ao&w,f/ bk&m;qdv k sif ausmuf
armif;usNy;D ajcruGcJ &H w,f/ a>rudu k af owJh bke;f Bu;D awGvnf;
trsm;tjym;yJ/ 'grsKd ;pGr;f wmqdv k sif b,fèonfvjkd zpfyghrvJaygh}
]b,frmS pGr;f wmvJ}
]vlt Y odÓPfawG wufvmNy;D ud, k u
hf ,
kd uf x
kd ed ;f Edik w
f mrSm
pGrf;wm}

386 ÓPuxm
53/ a½Tjrifwifawmifü tvnftywfvmol bke;f Bu;D wpfyg;

tm; ½SiÓf Pajymaom 0do'k rd¨ *fb,fvpJ um;
]OD;ÓP wynfhawmfrjyefcif 0dok'¨dr*fb,fvJtaMumif;

ajymprf;ygOD;}
]ajymwmaygh/ t½Sib f &k m;u tJonfusr;f eJpY yfNy;D bmodcsif
vdkYvJ}
]onfusr;f udk wynfah wmfwu Ykd zwfz;l wmr[kwb f ;l / onf
awmh bmodcsiw f ,f ajymzdv Yk nf; rvG,b f ;l }
]onfusr;f eJpY yfNy;D ar;vdu k v
f sif onfvykd aJ jymMuw,f}
]b,folawGu b,fvdkawGajymbl;vdkYvJ}
]onfusr;f a&;Ny;D p ausmaf usmu f yJ/ rEÅav; a';0ef;q&m
awmfqDydkYw,f}
]rd;k aumif;wdu
k ?f anmif&rf;a';0ef;vm;? t*¾r[my@dw
av}
][kww f ,f/ tJonfq&mawmfu wynfah wmf&UJ pmoif
aemufq;kH rSm q&myJ (aemiftcg tbd"Zr[m&|*k½b k UJG &w,f)}
]b,fvkd olq Y D ydjYk zpfwmvJ}
]tJonfrmS wynfah wmf&UJ wynfu h &kd ifwpfyg; tyfxm;wm
&Sdw,f/ tnmom;uav;yJ}
]aMomfè[kwfvm;}
]olu wynfah wmfqu D rdvEd y´ O§m0w¬Kb,fvJ rlMurf;a&;

ÓPuxm 387
xm;wJph mtkyu f kd zwfz, Ykd o

l mG ;Ny;D ausmif;rSmzwfw,f/ rNy;D ao;
awmh pmtkyu f kd tdy&f mab;rSmxm;cJrh mS aygh}
]ol qGr;f cHomG ;wke;f q&mawmfu ausmif;cef;awG vnfppf
aq;Munfw h ,f/ ud&k iftyd &f mab;u pmtkyu f akd wGUawmh ,lomG ;
w,f}
]udk&ifuvnf; q&mawmfqDrSm ½SdrSef;odw,f}
]aemuf&uftenf;i,fMumawmh qGr;f cHomG ;wke;f rSm pmtkyf
udk tdy&f mab;rSmyJ vmxm;w,f}
]q&mawmfu bmrSrajymbl;wJhvm;}
][kww f ,fèrajymbl;vdYk ud&k ifvmawmh onftaMumif;udk
wynfah wmfukd jyefajymw,f}
]q&mawmfu rodE;kd em; aevdu k wf mvm;}
]'gèod&atmif ud&k iftjyefrmS q&mawmfuq kd ufuyfzYkd t
xkyw f pfxyk ef YJ pmwpfapmif ay;vku d w
f ,f}
]bmawGvJ}
]txkyu f 0do'k rd¨ *fb,fvJ pmtkyyf ?J pmuawmh qufuyf&
jcif;taMumif;yg}
]bmawGa&;vdkufvJ}
]onfpmtky[ f m wynfah wmfwYkd a&;vdu k w f phJ mjzpfaMumif;?
wynfah wmfwYkd trSeçf trSm;udk jyifay;&rnfo h u
l kd Munfw h t
hJ cg q&m
awmfwyYkd J jzpfwmudo k &d vdYk trSm;çtrSef yJjh yifay;Edik zf Ykd qufuyfyg
w,fbk&m;-vdkYyJ}

388 ÓPuxm
]q&mawmfu bmjyefv}J
]zwfNyD;awmh aerSmyg/ aemuf&ufwpfywfavmuf&Sdawmh
pmtkyjf yefay;w,f/ aemufOyko&f uf&UJ Mo0g'ay;wJt h csed rf mS onf
taMumif; xnfah jymw,fvYkd ud&k ifu jyefajymw,f}
]bmawGajymovJ}
]ajymwmu wkw d w kd wk wf wk yf }J
]bmwJhvJ}
]OmPwdu Yk &Jw,f? &Jw,f? ody&f w J ,f? tif;èOD;yÍÆi;f odyf
&Jw,f-wJ?h 'gyJ}
]t"dygÜ ,fu bmvJ}
]onftwdkif; Mum;wmyJ}
]aumufvsif b,fvdkaumufrvJ}
]aumif;çraumif; rajymwwfb;l aygh/ wpfcck ak jymvsif wm
0efruif; jzpfawmhr,f? rajymbJaevdv Yk nf; rjzpfawmh ESpcf v k ;kH
t"dygÜ ,f&wJh ]&Jw,f? &Jw,f}-qdw k phJ um; ajymwmvdYk aumuf&r,f}
]ynm½Siaf wGu 'grsKd ;yJ}
]t½Sib f &k m;rSwcf suu f kd jznfNh y;D axmufc&H rSmyJ}
]b,fvv kd -J onfusr;f yJ a';0ef;q&mawmfu jyefay;awmh
a';0ef;ausmif;u pmoifom;awGvufxJ a&mufrmS aygh? tJonfrmS
vnf; a0zefcsuu f cufaeMuyHyk /J tJonfxu J wpfa,mufu
awmifNrKd Uudyk nmeJY pyfwo hJ al ygh}
]ud;k vH;k wumxJu pma&;wJh udyk nmvm;}

ÓPuxm 389
][kww f ,f? onfpmtkyu f kd udyk nmqD o,fomG ;Muw,f/

udyk nmuawmh pmorm;ayorm;aygh/ 'gudk a0zefEikd rf mS yJ-qdNk y;D
awmhaygh}
]udyk nmu 'gudk b,fvakd 0zefowJv h }J
]onfpmtky&f UJ rl&if;udak wmif olzwfz;l wm r[kwb f ;l vd-Yk
ajymw,f od&w,f}
][kww f myJ? onfpmtkyu f vnf; oif½;kd t|uxmxJ ygwm
rS r[kwb f }J
][kww f ,f? onfZmwfvrf;u onfrmS wifNy;D roGm;bl;}
]bmjzpfao;vJ}
]ud;k vH;k wumeJY *E¨m½Hu
k vnf; ESpaf usmif;wpfausmif; ae
Muwm r[kwfvm;? vlawGu qufaewm}
]*E¨m½Hk a&mufomG ;a&mvm;}
]pmoifom;awGqD a&mufoGm;yHkyJ}
]olwYkd bmajymEdik Mf urSmvJ}
]rajymEdkifayrJY tJonfusrf;q&mu olwdkY&JU 'kwd,bk&m;
r[kwfvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]onfawmh ajymvnf; odyaf jymcsiMf urSmyJ}
]onfawmh}
]ud, k rf ajymwwfvsif ajymwwfol ½Sm&rSmyJ}
][kwfwmaygh}

390 ÓPuxm
]pmcsawGqD ar;Mujref;Mu zwfrw S af pMuyHyk }J

]bmawGU&vdkYvJ}
]aemufqHk; OD;uk@vmbd0HoqDa&mufw,f Mum;w,f}
]olubmvJ}
]tJonfrmS ½Sw d hJ tBu;D tuJ q&mawmfig;yg;xJu txuf
jrufq;kH vdYk todc&H oly?J olu w&m;vnf;a[mw,f}
]olu bma0zefowJv h }J
]tJ'g rMum;&bl;}
]od&atmifvyk zf Ykd aumif;w,f}
]vkyfNyD;ygNyD}
]b,fvdkvkyfovJ}
]OD;*kPu tJonfausmif;xGu?f tJonfbek ;f Bu;D awGev YJ nf;
&if;ESD;olyJ}
]onfawmh olYvTwfa&mvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]olu tm;emraebl;vm;}
]olu tm;emw,fqdkwm bmrSef;rodbl;qdkwJhtxJuyJ}
]awmfao;wmaygh}
]OD;*kPu bke;f Bu;D onfpmtkyu f zkd wf&w,f Mum;ygw,f/
tJ'g b,fvv kd ?J rSm;ovm;çrSeo f vm;aygh/ onfvakd r;w,f}
]b,fvdkajzvJ}
]ajzyHu
k ynm½Sad wG ajymaeustwdik ;f yJ}

ÓPuxm 391
]vkyfygOD;}
]wu,f avhvmoleYJ ravhvmol[m rSejf cif;rSev f sif w
u,favhvmoluyJ rSerf mS aygh-vdaYk jymw,f od&w,f}
]tJ'gu b,fvv kd }J
]tJonftwdkif;yJ}
]rSefvsifrSef? rrSefvsifrSm;-ajymzdkY r[kwfbl;vm;}
]'gu ynm½Spd um;rS r[kww f m}
]ynm½Sdpum;u wpfrsdK;vm;}
]ajymcsiwf m tukeaf &mufatmif aphaphpyfpyfajymwmyJ}
]tJonfrmS ajymcsiw f mu bmvJ}
]tcsuEf pS cf suf ½Sw d ,f}
]yxrtcsuu f bmvJ}
]onfusr;f u wifjycsu[ f m olwo Ykd ad ewmeJY rwlb;l aygh}
]'kwd,tcsufuaum}
]olurSew f ,f?ud, k u f rSewf ,f ESpb f ufv;kH u ,lv&Ykd atmif
vnf; ajymcsiw f ,f}
]'kwd,tcsufudk bmuajymwmvJ}
]avhvmol[m ravhvmolxuf rSerf ,fv-Ykd ajymxm;w,f/
wu,favhvmol[m olvm;çud, k v
f m; jyrxm;bl; r[kwv f m;}
]wu,favhvmol[m b,fvu J sr;f a&;olukd ajymwmjzpf
rSmyg}
]'gu ud, k bhf ufu awG;wmyJ}

392 ÓPuxm
]olbY ufu b,fvakd wG;rvJ}

]pmayuRr;f 0ifEpYHS yfrrI mS oluom tay:rSm½Srd mS r[kwv f m;}
]onfawmh olw Y ynfah wGtjrifrmS olow d muomrSew
f ,f
xifa,mifp&m jzpfv&Ykd wmaygh}
]pum;t& ,l&wmawGuvnf; rvG,yf gvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]OD;OmPu onfvb kd mjzpfvYkd ,ljyEkid &f wmvJ}
]olw&Ykd UJ eud,
k t f ,lukd bmrSrwkerf vIyf t½S&d yfwnfae
wm[m oufaoygyJ}
]onfvkd wnfaew,fvYkd bmeJo Y vd }J
]rwnfvsi?f topfajymolqD a&mufrvmyJ raeEdik &f bl;yJ}
][kwyf gh è[kwyf gh/uJèem;MuOD;pd/Yk 0do'k rd¨ *fb,fvt J aMumif;
ra&mufvdkufbl;? aemufrS ajym&atmif}

ÓPuxm 393
54/ a½Tjrifwifawmifü raeYuajymcJah om {nfoh nfbek ;f Bu;D

tm; ½SiÓf Pajymaom 0do'k rd¨ *fb,fvpJ um;
]0do'k rd̈ *fb,fvu J sr;f eJY pyfNy;D ar;csiw f mar;yg}

]onfusrf;udk bmaMumifha&;jzpfwmvJ}
]edAmÁ e'DyeDusr;f rSm bmaMumifh onfvjkd zpfae&wmvJqw kd m
vufonfMunfw h t
hJ cg 0do'k rd¨ *fusr;f udak wGUw,f/onfusr;f aMumifh
]edAmÁ e'DyeD}? onfvjkd zpf&w,fvYkd oH;k oyfrv d aYkd ygh}
]0do'k rd¨ *fusr;f u b,fwek ;f u a&;wmvJ}
]onfusr;f [m vGecf w hJ hJ ESpaf ygif; wpfaxmifajcmuf&m
avmufu a&;cJhwmyJ}
]a&;oluawmh t|uxmausmfBuD; ½SifAk'äCmoaygh}
][kwfygw,f}
]b,fvdk&nf½G,fcsufeJY onfèb,fvJusrf;udk a&;wmvJ}
]wu,fawmh b,fvu J sr;f -vdaYk &;wm r[kwyf gbl;}
]b,fvdka&;wmvJ}
]oH;k oyfcsut f jzpf a&;wmyg}
]b,fhaMumifh ]b,fvJ}-jzpfoGm;&wmvJ}
]a&;Ny;D awmh trSm;awG wif;Murf;jzpfaewmawGU&Ny;D ]b,f
v}J-emrnfwyfvdkufvdkYyJ}
]a&;wkef;u oHk;oyfcsuftjzpf a&;w,fqdkawmh oHk;oyf
Munfw h thJ aeeJY a&;w,f qdv k w kd maygh}

394 ÓPuxm
][kwyf gw,f trSm;trSef rodygbl;/rSm;vsif raxmufrn§m

rSm;w,f-ajymr,f/ rSew f mvnf; raxmufrn§mbJ rSew f ,f-ajym
r,fqwkd hJ pdwu f ;l eJY oH;k oyfwt hJ aeeJY a&;wmygyJ}
]rSewf mawGygr,f xifovm;}
]xifwmaygh}
]i,fi,fu onfusrf;udk roif,lbl;bl;vm;}
]roif,zl ;l bl;/ 'gayrJY awmxGupf uawmh 'gxJu usiphf Of
awG zwf&w,f}
]tJonfrSmwkef;u rSefw,f-xifovm;}
]xifygw,f}
]tck bmawGrmS ;wm awGU&ovJ}
]tm;vH;k vdyYk J ajym&r,f}
]b,fvdkaMumifhvJ}
]onfusrf;u tzGifhoH0PÖemusrf;yJ}
]bmudkzGifhwmvJ}
]bk&m;a[mwJh pum;uav; oH;k vH;k wnf;udk zGiw hf m}
]bmawGvJ}
]oDv&,f? orm"d&,f? ynm&,f-onfo;kH vH;k yg}
]oHk;vHk;pvHk;rSmyJ zGifhyHkrSm;aeovm;}
][kwfygw,f}
][kwfygYrvm;}
]rxifcsifp&myJ}

ÓPuxm 395
]oDvrSm rSm;yHk twdck sKyaf vmuf em;vnfatmif ajymvdYk

&rvm;}
]&rSmyg}
]&vsifvkyfygOD;}
]oDvtm;vH;k [m onfov D t&awGyv J Ykd zGiwhf ,f}
]oDvrdYk oDvt&aumufwm bmrSm;ovJ}
]bk&m;u oDvtm;vH;k udk oDvvdaYk [mcJw h mrS r[kww f myJ}
]onfvrkd [kwb f ;l vdYk b,fvv kd yk Nf y;D ajymEdik w f mvJ}
]bk&m;a[meJyY J ajymEdik wf myJ}
]b,fvdka[mvdkYvJ}
]onfov D [m avmut½Iycf w k xf iG zf Ykd &yfwnf&rnfo h v
D
vdkYyJ}
][kwfw,f}
]avmut½Iycf w k x
f iG zf Ykd vrf;pOftusiu hf r*¾i&f pS yf g;yJ}
][kwfwmaygh}
]onfawmh onft½Iycf w k x
f iG w
f t
hJ cg &yfwnf&rnfh oDv
uvnf; ]r*¾io
f v
D }-yJaygh}
]or®m0gpm? or®mur®E?Å or®mtmZD0- onfo;kH ckvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]ygwdarmufov D awG r&Ekid b f ;l vm;}
]b,fuvm bk&m;? rqDrqdik }f
]bmjzpfvdkYrqdkifwmvJ}

396 ÓPuxm
]ygwdarmufov D u oHCok|K? oHCzmok-pwmawGjzpfzyYkd ?J

avmut½Iycf w k x f iG zf Ykd r[kwb f ;l yJ}
]onfxufxif&mS ;atmif ajymygOD;}
]ygwdarmufov D u oHCpkpnf;rI NraJ tmif &yfwnf&rnfh
oDvyJ}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]oHCm[mrsm;vmawmh wpfa,mufwpfayguf qdv k sif oH
Cm NyKd uvJG mrSmaygh/ tpkjzpfaeawmh tpk&UJ pnf;½Srd S uspv f spcf ikd rf m
wJt
h pk jzpfr,f r[kwv f m;/ onfvjkd zpfzYkd tpk0ifjzpfo&l [ef;awG
wpfyg;csi;f vduk ef m&rnfh &yfwnfcsupf nf;urf;awG[m ygwdarmuf
awGaygh}
]ygwdarmuf[m r*fzv kd ef YJ rywfoufb;l aygh}
]wkduf½dkuf rywfoufygbl;}
][kwfyghrvm;}
]bmaMumifhar;wmvJ}
]ygwdarmuf oDvao;ao;uav; ysuu f uG wf m[m psmef
r*fzv
kd uf kd wm;Edik w
f ,f-vdYk odaerdv}Ykd
]tJ'g b,fuodwmvJ}
]ygwdarmufe'd gef;xJu ]tEÅ&m,dum "r®m 0kwmå }-qdw k mu
odwmyJ}
]tmywf rajymwm[m tEÅ&m,f½w dS ,fvYkd bk&m;a[m
w,faygh}

ÓPuxm 397
][kwfw,f}
]tJonfrmS tEÅ&m,f[m psmefr*fzv kd &f UJ tEÅ&m,fvYkd tzGihf
odaew,faygh}
][kwfw,f}
]tJonftzGihf rSm;ygw,f}
]OD;ÓPu ajymEdik v f u
kd w
f m}
]trSm;MumvdkY trSefjzpfwm raumif;ygbl;/ trsm;nDvdkY
]þ}-udk ]uR}J -vdYk zwfwmvnf; raumif;ygbl;}
]tJonftEÅ&m,f[m psmefr*fzv kd &f UJ tEÅ&m,fr[kwyf gbl;}
]bm&JUtEÅ&m,fvJ}
]ygwdarmuf jyrI&UJ tEÅ&m,fyg}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]oHCmudk ygwdarmufjywJt h cg oHCm0if&[ef;wpfyg;u
tmywfppfwt hJ cg ½Sv d suef YJ razmfvsif ygwdarmufqufjywmudk
Xyevkyw f ,fqNkd y;D &yfxm;ygw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]onfvjkd zpfvsif oHCmrSm tEÅ&m,f½NdS yD r[kwv f m;}
]ygwdarmufjywm Ny;D vdYk r&awmhwt hJ wGuf oHCm[m udpö
wef;vef;eJY ae&awmhrmS aygh}
]'gètEÅ&m,faygh? onftEÅ&m,f[m ygwdarmufukd tm
ywfz;kH xm;vdYk usa&mufwt hJ EÅ&m,fukd xif½mS ;w,fr[kwv f m;}
][kwo f m;yJ? 'g-½Si;f p&myJaygh}

398 ÓPuxm
]'geJpY yfNy;D onfxuf½iS ;f atmif ajymp&m½Sad o;vsif ajym

prf;ygOD;}
]tmywf½v dS suf r*fzv kd u f rkd wm;yHk ajym&rSmyJ}
][kw&f UJ vm; OD;ÓP&,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]a'0'wfu bk&m;udk *dP k ;f cGoJ mG ;awmh aemufvu kd &f [ef;
wcsKd U a'0'wfeYJ ygoGm;Muw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]tJonf&[ef;awG ½Sio f m&dyw k &å mwdYk oGm;Ny;D w&m;a[m
Muwm w&m;&Ny;D jyefvu kd v f mMuw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]onftaMumif; bk&m;avQmufawmh bk&m;u onf&[ef;
awGukd ]ab'gEk0wåu}-vkyv f o Ykd ifw h hJ tmywfukd a'oemMum;ap
&r,fvYkd rdeMYf um;w,f}
]*dP
k ;f cGaJ emufvu kd v f yk v f sif tmywfoifzh Ykd ynwfxm;wm
r½Sjd zpfNy;D tmywfroifv h Ykd w&m;&Muwmrsm;vm;}
]tmywfroifv h sif a'oemMum;cdik ;f p&m ½Syd ghrvm;}
]tckrS ynwfvdkYrsm;vm;}
]'gqdv k nf; tm'dur®u d yk*Kd¾ vaf wGrYkd a'oemMum; rckid ;f &
bl;}
][kww f ,f tJ'gqdv k nf; tmywfroifah o;olawGy}J
]xif½mS ;ygw,f? b,fvv kd }J

ÓPuxm 399
]onf&[ef;awG w&m;&w,fqw kd m&,f? tmywf½o dS l qdk

wm&,fawGygyJ}
][kwfwmyJ}
]'gaMumifh ygwdarmufov D ysuv f sif psmefr*fzv kd tf EÅ&m,f
r½Syd gbl; qdwk maygh}
]tEÅ&m,f[m ygwdarmufjyrIqikd &f m taESmift h ½Suf ajym
wmyJ}
]ygwdarmuf oDv[m onfrmS oH0PÖemtzGiv hf yk w f hJ tzGihf
cH oH0PÖwAÁyk'ft& r[kwfaMumif; onfxufxif½Sm;wmvnf;
½Sdygao;w,f}
]vkyfprf;ygOD;}
]bk&m;vufxufu wumçwumrawG r*fzv kd af wG r&Mu
bl;vm;}
]&Muwmaygh/ 0domcg? temxydP?f Adro dÜ m&? pdw?å Oygvd
trsm;tjym;yJ}
]olwdkYwawG w&m;&Muw,fqdkawmh avmuDt½Iyf ½Sif;Edkif
MuwmyJr[kwfvm;}
][kwfwmaygh? tukefr½Sif;ao;awmif ½Sif;oavmuf ½Sif;
wmaygh}
]onfoal wG[m oDvay:&yfwnfrS ½Si;f r,f} ajymxm;wJh
twdik ;f oDvay: &yfwnfro d rl sm; jzpfMur,fr[kwv f m;}
][kww f ,f? &yfwnfrS ½Si;f Edik rf mS qdak wmh ½Si;f Edik w f ,fqv kd sif

400 ÓPuxm
&yfwnfrv d q
Ykd w kd m xif½mS ;ygw,f}
]olw&Ykd yfwnfwhJ oDv[m ygwdarmufov D awG jzpfEikd yf gh
rvm;}
]tdraf xmifom;arG;eJY olawGyJ ygwdarmufov D awG rjzpfEikd f
ygbl;}
]ygwdarmufov D [m t½Iyaf wG½iS ;f ol &yfwnf&rnfY oDv
pm&if;rSm yg0ifvsif onfolawG[m ygwdarmufoDvrSm r&NyD/
onfawmh t½Iyrf ½Si;f Edik o f b l J jzpf&rSmr[kwv f m;}
][kwfw,f}
]onfawmh onfoal wG½iS ;f Edik w f m MunfNh y;D ygwdarmuf oD
v[m onf-tzGichf o H v D t&rSm rygwmaocsmw,f r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygY}
]0do'k rd¨ *f[m r*¾ov D tzGichf yH 'k u
f kd orPoDvawGeYJ zGiahf e
w,f/ 'g-oDvtzGirhf mS ;aeyHk tusO;f odp&myJ}
][kwfyg&JU}
]onfavmuft&if;uswm rSm;Ny;D vsiaf wmh rjrifbo J mG ;ol
wdu
k rf rd mS awG[m ajymp&mr½Sd jzpfr,faygh}
]orm"dtzGirhf mS ;yHk enf;enf;ajymygOD;}
]tm½HkwpfckrSm pdwfapwodufawGudk xm;w,fqdkwJhteuf
[m orm"dy-J vdYk orm"dut kd eufazmfw,f}
]tJ'g rrSeb f ;l vm;}
]rrSeb f ;l ajym&rSmyJ}

ÓPuxm 401
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]tm½Hw k pfc[ k m trSwrf ½Sw d t
hJ m½Hk jzpfaevdyYk }J
]b,fvdktrSwf½SdwJhtm½Hk jzpf&rSmvJ}
]0d&rdwAÁtm½Hk-jzpf&rSm}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]oH0PÖwAÁy'k jf zpfwhJ tzGichf o H rm"dy'k [
f m avmukw&å m
orm"dy'k f jzpfvyYkd }J
]avmukwå&mjzpfaMumif; b,fvdkodEdkifwmvJ}
]t½IyftaxG;awGudk okwfoifEdkifatmif yGm;&rnfY pdwåbm
0em-jzpfvdkYyJ}
]orm"du b,fEpS rf sKd ;½Sw d mvJ}
]trsdK;rsdK;yJ}
]tMurf;tm;jzifhaygh}
]ESpfrsdK;}
]bmawGvJ}
]avmuDeYJ avmukw&å maygh}
]avmuDorm"du b,fvdkvJ}
]0do'k rd¨ *fuzGiw hf hJ orm"d[m avmuDorm"dy}J
]olziG w hf m ajymygOD;}
]tm½Hw k pfcrk mS pdwu f x
kd m;wmaygh? tm&r®Pyl edZÑmepsmef
orm"dyJ}
]avmukw&å m orm"du b,fvo kd rm"djzpf&rSmvJ}

402 ÓPuxm
]vu©Pyl edZÑme psmeform"d jzpf&rSm}

]tJ'gu b,fvv kd }J
]0d&rdwAÁtm½HkawG&JU vu©PmawGrSm pdwfçapwodufawG
xm;wmaygh}
]0d&rdwAÁtm½Hu k bmvJ}
]rdpmä 0gpm? rdpmä ur®E?Å rdpmä tmZD0}
]vu©PmawGu bmawGvJ}
]tedp?ö 'ku?© tewåawGaygh}
]tJ'gu b,folY&JUvu©PmawGvJ}
]tJonf 0d&rdwAÁtm½HkawG&JU vu©PmawGaygh}
]tajymçtvkyçf tae vGeu f sL;rIawG&UJ ysupf ;D rI? qif;&Jr?I
tESprf rhJ jI zpfwhJ tm½Hak wGrmS pdwaf wGux kd m;wm avmukw&å morm"d
vdYk ajymvdw k maemf}
][kwfygw,f}
]avmukw&å morm"dukd onfvkd b,frmS zGiw hf m awGUovJ}
]wynfhawmfpdwfxJrSmyJ awGUw,f}
]'gqdk awmfygYrvm;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]vlu i,fv}Ykd
]taumifao;vdkYaygh}
][kwfw,f}
]ao;wmçBuD;wm jrif&vdkYvm;}

ÓPuxm 403
]jrifwmeJYajym&wmyJ}
]r,Hkvsif bk&m;qDoGm;r,f}
]b,fvdkoGm;rvJ}
]ac:ygYr,f}
]ac:vsif vdu k &f rSmaygh}
]t½Iyu f kd ckwxf iG o
f [ l m avmuDom;vm;? avmukw&å m
om;vm; bk&m;b,fvdk a[movJ}
]avmukwå&maygh}
]onfvdkqdkvsif ckwfxGifEdkifzdkYtusifh[m avmuD-vm;?
avmukwå&m-vm;}
]avmukwå&mtusifhaygh}
]avmukw&å mtusi[ hf m rZÑrd y#dy'gvm;? tJonf&UJ tpGe;f
awGvm;}
]rZÑrd y#dy'gaygh}
]rZÑdry#dy'g[m r*¾if&Spfyg;jzpfw,fqdkvsif tJonfxJrSm
orm"dr*¾iaf wG[m bmawGv}J
]or®m0g,mr? or®mowd? or®morm"daygh}
]or®m0g,mrqdk or®mawGukd tm;xkww f mvm;? rdpmä awGukd
tm;xkwfwmvm;}
]or®mawGaygh}
]or®mawGu bmawGv}J
]tJ'g ajymygOD;}

404 ÓPuxm
]av;rsdK;&Sdw,f}
]yxrubmvJ}
]jzpfNyD;wJhraumif;rI-y,fwm}
]'kwd,u}
]rjzpfao;wJhraumif;rI-rjzpfapwm}
]wwd,u}
]rjzpfao;wJhaumif;rI-jzpfapwm}
]pwkw¬u}
]jzpfNy;D aumif;rI rsm;atmif-yGm;apwmyJ}
]'gawG[m or®mawGvm;? ror®mbl;vm;}
]or®mygw,f}
]aumif;rIqw kd m bmvJ}
]tJ'g ajymygOD;}
]or®mwJh tajym? tvky?f tae}-awGaygh}
]'gawGysuaf evsif ysuw f mawGy,f? rysuv f sif rysuf
atmifae? 'gawGraumif;vsif aumif;atmifvkyf? aumif;vsif
qxufaumif;atmif vkyw f mawG? tm;xkww f m or®m0g,mraygh}
][kww f ,f tJonfaumif;wmawG tm;xkww f o
hJ [
l m r
aumif;wmawG&UJ tjzpfawGrmS pdwaf wG rxm;&bl;vm;}
]tJ'gawG[m a½SmifMuOf&rSmawG&UJ vu©Pm? 0d&rdwAÁtm½Hk
&JU vu©PmawGaygY}
][kww f ,f? or®mowdqv kd nf; onfvykd }J

ÓPuxm 405
]b,fvdkvJ}
]um,ça0'emçpdwçå "r®? onfav;0rSmay:vmwJh tbdZÑmç
a'greóawGy,fzYkd owdxm; ½IymG ;aexdu k w
f m[m or®mowd
r[kwfvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]olowdxm;wm um,ça0'emçpdwçå "r®? onfav;0 [kwf
&JUvm;}
]r[kwfbl;yJ}
]tbdZÑmeJY a'greóudk owdxm;wm r[kwv f m;}
]um,-pwmawGu bmajymwmvJ}
]tbdZÑmça'greówdYk ay:wmudk apmifMh unf&h rnfY ae&m
awG ajymwmaygh}
]tbdZÑmça'greóudk owdxm;wmaygh}
]tbdZÑmça'greóawG[m a½SmifMuOf&rnfh 0d&rdwAÁ"r®
awG r[kwv f m;}
][kwfwmaygh}
]tJ'gawG[m b,fvu©PmawG½SdrvJ}
]tedp?ö 'ku?© tewå-awG½w
dS maygh}
]tJonfvu©PmawGxm;wJh owd[m vu©Pyl edZÑme
psmefjzpfwhJ avmukw&å morm"d0if owdy}J
]orm"dvnf; onfvykd aJ ygh}
][kwfw,f}

406 ÓPuxm
]enf;enf;vkyfygOD;}
]rdpmä 0gpm?rdpmä ur®E?Å rdpmä tmZD0awG&UJ tedpt ö p½Sw
d hJ vu©
PmawGjzpfwhJ tm½Hrk mS pdwaf wG xm;wmyJ}
]onfawmh r*¾io f rm"d[m tm&r®Pyl edZÑmepsmeform"d
r[kwb f ;l ? vu©Pyl edZÑmepsmeform"daygh}
][kww f ,f/ 0do'k rd¨ *fu orm"dt&udk b,ftm½Hrk qdk tm½Hk
wpfcrk mS pdww f nfaewm[m orm"dyq J Nkd y;D ur®|mef;av;q,fukd
zGifhjyaew,f}
]tm&r®Pyl edZÑmepsmeform"d zGijhf yawmh oH0aPÖwAÁy'k u f kd
oH0PÖemvkyw f m vGaJ ewmaygh}
]tJ'gyJ? usew f mawmh rajymMupdeYk }YJ
]'gqdkawmh [kwfwmyJ}
]'gawmifrS wcsKd Uu ajymao;w,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]aumif;wmenf;enf;rS rygawmhbl;vdkYaygh}
]raumif;wmxm;? aumif;wmyGm;zdkYaygh}
]aumif;wmb,fvdkajymyghr,f}
][kwyf gh? ynmtrSm; aemufaeYrq S ufygOD;? em;ygOD;}

ÓPuxm 407
55/ a½Tjrifawmifü {nfo

h nfbek ;f awmfBu;D tm; pwkwa¬ eYü
½SiÓf Pajymaom 0do'k rd¨ *fb,fvJ pum;
]0do'k rd¨ *fusr;f udk oDveJo Y rm"dtzGiahf wG rrSeaf yrJY ynm

tzGiu
hf awmh rrSm;avmufb;l vdYk tawmfBu;D arQmv f ifch w
hJ ,f}
]arQmw f thJ wdik ;f rjzpfb;l vm;}
][kwfw,f}
]ynmrSm eufeufeeJ J ajymrSmaemf}
]ajymwmaygh}
]olajymwmawGudk axmufrSD&JUvm;}
]rSND yv
D m; bk&m;}
]olu bmawGajymvdv Yk }J
]r[*¾wawG ajymw,f}
]r[*¾wu ynmvm;}
]b,f[kwfrvJ}
]bmvJ}
]a,m*aygh}
]a,m*qdkwm bmvJ}
]pdwZå aygh? 'kuv © v
Ykd nf; ajymEdik w
f ,f}
][kwfyghrvm;}
]trSefyJ}
]ÓPfpOfawGeYJ jyxm;wmyJ}

408 ÓPuxm
]ÓPfpOfygwdik ;f avmukw&å mÓPf r[kwb f ;l ? avmuDrmS

vnf; ÓPfpf OfawG½w dS ,f}
]ÓPfpOfqdkwm bmvJ}
]jzpfwthJ pOfukd odwmaygh}
]bm&JUjzpfwt hJ pOfukd odrmS vJ}
]bm&JUtjzpf-jzpfjzpf odwt hJ pOf[m ÓPfpOfajymEdik yf gw,f}
]wpfcak vmuf yHpk x H w
k jf yygOD;}
]pmtkyw f pftyk u f kd "m;eJY wpfcsuw f nf; jywfatmifcw k yf g/
wpfcsuw f nf;eJjY ywfvsif pm½Guaf wG wNyKd ief ufjywfw,f xif&r,f}
]wu,fvnf; rjywfbl;vm;}
]rjywfbl;}
]b,fvdkodrvJ}
]ÓPfeYJ pOfMunf&h rSmaygh}
]b,fvdk pOfrvJ}
]"m;oGm;[mjrefayrJY pm½Guw f pf½u G f jywfaeqJrmS aemuf
wpf½u G f rjywf&ao;bl;/ 'kw, d pm½Guf jywfqrJ mS yxrt½Guu f
jywfqJ r[kwaf wmhb;l ? jywfNy;D jzpfomG ;Ny/D wwd,pm½Guu f awmh
jywfNy;D vnf; r[kwb f ;l ? jywfqv J nf; r[kwb f ;l ? jywfzaYkd pmifah e&wJh
jywfvwHyh J jzpfw,f/ onfvekd YJ pm½Guo f ;kH &m½Svfd sif oH;k &mvH;k wpf
csed pf D jywfMuwm jzpfw,f/ onfvkd ÓPftodukd pOfr,f}
][kwfwmyJ}
]'gaMumifh ÓPfupkd OfNy;D jyEdik u f mrQeYJ ynmjzpfNy?D avmukwå

ÓPuxm 409
&mjzpfNyD ajymvdkYr&bl;}
]avmukwå&mqdkwm bmvJ}
]pdwZå -r½Sw d m? 'ku-© r½Sw d maygh}
]ay:vGiaf tmif vkypf rf;ygOD;}
]vlrmS 'kua© wG½w dS ,f? tJonf'u k u
© kd z,f½mS ;wmawGvnf;
vkyMf uw,f? onfvkd z,f½mS ;wm[m aemufxyf'u k w © pfcek YJ tvJ
tvS,fvkyfwmqdkvsif tJ'g-avmuDyJ}
]vuf½'dS u k a© ysmufatmif aemuf'u k w © pfcek YJ vJv, S v f u
kd f
wmvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]yHkpHxkwfprf;ygOD;}
]rl;,pfaq;oH;k olu rl;,pfaq; qmavmifw'hJ u k u © kd ajz
½Si;f wJth aeeJY rl;,pfaq;udk oH;k vdu k w f ,f/ tJ'g rl;,pfaq; qm
avmifw'hJ u k © ESrd ef if;enf;yJ/ Nird ;f vnf;Nird ;f wmyJ/ 'gayrJY aemufxyf
jyefNy;D qmavmifp&mudk ol,v l u kd &f w,f r[kwv f m;}
][kwfw,f}
]tJ'g[m 'kuN© ird ;f ayrJY 'kuu © rNird ;f bJ wd;k yGm;vmatmif
vkyfrdvsufjzpfaevdkY tJonf'ku©Nidrf;enf;udk avmuDvdkYac:w,f}
]avmuDqdkwm onfb0twGuf? avmukwå&mqdkwm
aemifb0tqufqufqdkif&m qdkwmawG b,fvdkvkyfrvJ}
]tJ'gudku pdwåZqdkawmh? avmuDaygh/ onfu'ku©udk
[duk vdx Yk if&wJh 'kue© YJ vJvu kd v f yYkd }J

410 ÓPuxm
]avmukw&å m ajymygOD;}
]jyóemwpf&yf? 'kuw © pf&yfukd ajz½Si;f &mrSm aemufjyóem
odrYk [kwf 'kua© ygh? tJ'geJY tvJtvS,rf vkyb f J jyóem'kuu © kd tNy;D
Nird ;f atmif Nir§d ;f wm[m jyóemuvGww f t
hJ wGuf avmukw&å myJ}
]0do'k rd¨ *fuajymwJyh nmu avmuDynmawG jzpfaew,f
[kwfvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]b,fvdkvkyfNyD;odovJ}
]½kyçf emrf ½IymG ;vd&Yk wJÓ h Pfu i,farG;NcaH yguf jzpfaevdyYk }J
]b,fvdkvJ}
]0do'k rd̈ *fajymwJh emr½lyy&dapä'ÓPf? ypö,y&d*[ ¾ ÓPf?
or®oeÓPf? O',AÁ,ÓPf tp½Sw d mawG[m ½kyçf emrfukd v[m
jyifon k jzpfatmif ½IMunfo h jd rifrt
I ydik ;f qdik &f m&JU todÓPfawGy}J
]½kyçf emrfujzpfysuaf eawmh 'ku-© avmuD/ oknw tjzpf
tysuu f if;vdYk eda&m"- avmukw&å m r[kwb f ;l vm;}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]b,fvkd r[kww f mvJ}
]r[kwyf akH y:atmif enf;enf;ar;r,f}
]ar;yg}
]½kyçf emrfjzpfysuw f m 'kuq © wkd ,f? ½kyçf emrfjzpfysuv f Ykd 'ku-©
b,fvdka&mufovJ}
]ESdyfpufw,fqdkwmyJ}

ÓPuxm 411
]b,fvdkESdyfpufwmvJ}
]jzpfjzpfçysuyf suf aewmcsn;f [if;vif;pyfaewm ESyd pf uf
ajym&rvm;yJ}
]'gqdv k sif vljzpfNy;D igvljzpfaeygvm; odae&wm[m qif;
&Jwmvm;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]jzpfjzpfçysuyf suaf ewmawG [if;vif;pyfjzpfaewm[m vlyJ
r[kwfvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]jzpfysurf I [if;vif;pyfjzpfaewm[m ESyd pf ufw,f? 'g[m
qif;&Jyq
J v kd sif tJ'g[myJ vlqakd wmh vljzpf&jcif;qif;&Jw,f ajym
ovdkaygh}
][kwfwmyJ}
]'gqdv k sif vlrjzpf&wm[m csr;f omvm;}
]onfvkd jzpfomG ;wmaygh}
]vlrjzpfvsif tJonfcsrf;om[m b,folcsrf;omwmvJ}
]ajymp&m r½Syd gbl;}
]b,foq l wkd m ajymp&mr½Sv d sif wu,fvnf; r½Sv d rYkd &bl;
aygh}
][kwfw,f}
]onfvq kd akd wmh csr;f omwm? csr;f omolr½Sw
d hJ csr;f omaygh}
]onfvdkjzpfaewmaygh}

412 ÓPuxm
]uwåm;rJBh u, d mqdwk m avmurSm wu,fr½Sb d ;l / pdwZå

pum;vH;k yJ ½Srd mS yg}
]'gaMumifh pdwZå vdYk ajym&wmud;k }
]wu,fawmh ½kyçf emrfawG jzpfjzpfysuyf suf aewmawG? w&
pyf jzpfaewm[m ESyd pf ufaewm r[kwyf gbl;? 'kuj© zpfaewmvnf;
r[kwfygbl;}
]b,fvdkjzpfaewm ajym&rvJ}
]okcjzpfaewm? zGUH NzKd ; jzpfxeG ;f aewmawG-vdo Yk m ajym&rSmyg}
]b,fvdkaMumifhvJ}
]ta[mif; ta[mif;awG rcsKyNf ird ;f vsif topftopfawG
jzpfwhJ ½kyçf emrfawGjzpfwt hJ cgrSm xyfaeMurSmaygh}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]jrifpw d t f a[mif; rcsKyb f J jrifpw
d t
f opfay:vsif jrifpw d f
ESpcf k xyfomG ;rSmaygh/ xyfvsiaf umif;yghrvm;}
]"mwfykH yHx k yfovdk 0g;oGm;rvm;yJ}
][kww f ,f topfawGrjzpfbaJ evsiaf um ta[mif;awG
u csKyo f mG ;eJq
Y akd wmh bmrSr½Sb d J jzpfomG ;rSmaygh}
]y½kyfvHk; [moGm;ovdkvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]'gqdvk sif ½kyçf emrfawG w&pyf jzpfysuaf ewmu ESyd pf ufwm
r[kwb f J csr;f omaumif;rGeaf ew,f ajym&rSmvm;}
][kwfw,f}

ÓPuxm 413
]onfawmh ½kyçf emrfjzpfysu[ f m avmuDqw kd meJY ½kyçf emrfjzpf

ysuNf ird ;f wm 'kuN© ird ;f wJh avmukw&å mqdw k m r[kwb f ;l aygh}
]tJonfESpfckvHk; r[kwfbl;yJ}
]½kyçf emrfjzpfysuw f m 'kur© [kwb f ;l ? 'gaMumifh avmuD
r[kwfbl;aemf}
][kwfw,f}
]onfvdkqdkawmh tJonf½kyfçemrfudk tedpö? 'ku©? tewå
vu©PmawG rwif&bl;vm;}
]rwif&bl;}
]'gqdv k sif ½kyçf emrfukd tedp-ö pwmawGeYJ oH;k oyfwm rrSeb f ;l
aygh}
][kww f ,f rrSeb f ;l }
]0do'k r¨d *frmS ;wm 'gaMumifv h m;}
][kwfw,f}
]'gqdv k sif O',AÁ, Á ? b*F? b,? tm'De0? edA'dÁ g? y#docFg?
ocFg½kayu©m? tEkavmr? r*fçzdkvf? ypöa0u©Pm/ onfÓPfawG
vnf; rrSeb f ;l aygh}
][kww f ,f? rrSeb f ;l / tpu rSm;wmqdak wmh tukerf mS ;wm
aygh}
]tJ'gawG bmawGv}J
]t½lyawGyJ}
]onfvq kd v
kd sif tedp?ö 'ku?© tewå jzpfwmawGu bmawGv}J

414 ÓPuxm
]yknmçyknçtmaeOÆ tbdocFg&awGy}J
]tJ'gawGurS avmuDawGvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]tJ'gawGurS 'kua© wGvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]yknmçyknçtmaeOÆ tbdocFg&awGu b,fv'kd u
k j© zpfwm
vJ}
]yknjzpfjzpf? tyknjzpfjzpf? tmaeOÆjzpfjzpf tJ'gawG[m
]vGefusL;rIur®}-awGyJ}
][kwfNyD}
]onfveG u f sL;rIur®awG[m vGeu f sL;Ny;D vsif vGeu
f sL;wke;f u
twdkif; jzpfwnfrIBuD; jzpfoGm;w,f}
]tJ'g 0dygufaygh}
][kwfw,f}
]tJonf0dygufu tckvdkav;txd ay:vGifatmif rodMu
bl;aemf?}
]0dygufom rodwmr[kwb f ;l ? tJonf 0dygufuaygufwhJ
udavomvnf; todraygufMubl;}
]0dygufaMumifh b,fvdkudavomaygufovJ}
]uHjyKNy;D uHtwdik ;f jzpfwnfaeawmh onfurH sKd ; xyfjyKcsiw f hJ
avmb jyefay:wm udavomaygh}
]udavomaMumifh aemufxyf uHawGç0dygufawG xyfjzpf

ÓPuxm 415
vm;}
][kwfw,f onfvdktxyfxyfjzpfNyD; 0#fvnfaewm[m
'ku©jzpfwmyJaygh}
]ocFg&awG 'kuj© zpfw,fqw kd m onfvv kd m;}
]'gyJaygh}
]tedpö tewåawGuaum}
]onfvo kd oH &mjzpfaerSawmh ysupf ;D rIçtESprf rhJ aI wG jzpfNyD
aygh? 'gudyk J tedpçö tewåjzpfw,f ajym&wm}
]onfvq kd vkd sif tedp?ö 'ku?© tewåeYJ oH;k oyfrI or®oeÓPf
vkyif ef; vky&f rnft hf &m[m vGeu f sL;rIur®awGyaJ ygh}
][kwfw,f}
]tJonfuHawG Nidrf;wm avmukwå&mvm;}
][kwfw,f udavomawGa&m? 0dygufawGa&maygh}
]uHNird ;f vsif 0dygufa&m? udavoma&m Nird ;f w,faygh}
][kwfw,f}
]tJ'g edAmÁ efvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]tJ'g 0#fuRww f maygh}
][kwfw,f}
]y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f rvnfawmhb;l aygh}
][kwfw,f}
]onfvdkqdkvsif vlu b,fvdkjzpfaervJ}

416 ÓPuxm
]0dZmÆ awGjzpf? ocFg&r[kww f mawG jzpfNy;D ? t0dZmÆ çocFg&awG

aMumifjh zpfwhJ 0dnmOf?emrfç½ky?f oVm,we?zó?a0'emawGrjzpfbJ
0dZmÆ eJo
Y cFg& r[kww f mawGaMumifjh zpfwhJ 0dnmOf? emrfç½ky?f oVm,
we?zó?a0'emawG jzpfaerSmaygh}
]vlu onftwdkif; &SdaewmyJaemf}
]&Sdwmaygh}
]bmawG r&Sw d mvJ}
]oHo&myJ r&Sw d m}
]0do'k rd¨ *fu vlr&Sad tmif ½kyçf emrfr&Sad tmif ½I&wmyJ}
]tJ'g b,fawmhrS r&rnf[ h myJ? uJèem;MuOD;pdv Yk m;}
]em;yg}

ÓPuxm 417
56/ a&Tjrifwifawmifü {nfo

h nfbek ;f awmfBu;D wpfyg;tm; yÍör
aeYü &SiÓf Pajymaom rdvEd y´ O§mb,fvpJ um;
]rdvEd y´ O§m0w¬Kb,fvu J sr;f taMumif; enf;enf;yg;yg; ajym

prf;ygOD;}
]odcsifwmar;yg}
]rdvEd y´ O§m0w¬Kusr;f u a&S;b,favmuftMumu ay:cJw h hJ
usrf;vJ}
]vGecf w
hJ hJ ESpaf ygif;ESpaf xmifausmaf vmufu ay:cJw h u
hJ sr;f yJ}
]tJonfusrf;u b,fola&;wmvJ}
]wpfyg;rubl;vdYk okawoDawG ajymMuwmrSw&f bl;w,f}
]tJonfusr;f xJu rdvEd e´ YJ &Sief m*aoewdu Yk wu,f&w dS m
awGvm;}
]r&Sb
d ;l vdYk okawoDawGyJ ajymMuygw,f}
]olwdkYajymwm cdkifrm&JUvm;}
]tcdkiftrmawGygyJ}
]onfZmwfaumifawG &Sçd r&Sed ?YJ oH;k oyfcsuef u YJ ywfouf
ao;ovm;}
]rywfoufygbl;}
]bmudk oH;k oyfwmrkv Yd }J
]tJonfxu J 'óeawG&UJ trSm;çtrSeu f kd oH;k oyfwmyg}
]tJonfrmS rrSew f m bmawGawGUovJ}

418 ÓPuxm
]t,ltq'óea&;&meJY pyfwmawGtm;vH;k rrSeyf gbl;}

]tJonf aqG;aEG;wifjycsuf b,favmuf&SdovJ}
]ckESpfq,fausmfavmufyJ}
]pkpkaygif;aqG;aEG;csufuaum}
]wpf&mhckESpfq,fausmf}
]wpf&mavmufu 'óejyóem r[kwb f ;l aygh}
]'óejyóem r[kww f mawGyg}
]NcKH Munfah wmh tJonfusr;f udk b,fvjkd rifovJ}
]onftajzu enf;enf;&Snfr,f}
]ajymyg? ajz;ajz;yJajymyg}
]bk&m;a[mxm;wJh "r®awGqw kd m &Sw
d ,fr[kwv f m;}
]&Sw
d ,f? okweå af wG trsm;tjym;yJ}
]tJ'gawG[m opömxdkufw&m;awGcsnf; jzpfw,fqdkwm
rSwf&zl;rSmyJ}
]rSwf&zl;ygw,f}
]tJonfopöm[m bmopömjzpfrvJ}
]t&d,opömaygh}
]t&d,opöm[m y&rw¬opömeJY twlwv l m;? wjcm;vm;}
]twlvdkY oifMum;cJh&bl;wmyJ}
]b,fvdkwlwmvJ}
]'kuo © pömqdw
k m avmbrygwJh avmuDy&rw¬w&m;awGy}J
]tJ'gawGu bmawGv}J

ÓPuxm 419
]avmuDpw d t f m;vH;k avmbrygwJah pwodut f m;vH;k ? ½kyf

tm;vHk;aygh}
]qufygOD;}
]ork',opömu avmbapwodufy&rw¬}
][kwfNyD}
]eda&m"opömu edAmÁ efy&rw¬}
][kwfNyD}
]r*¾opömu r*fpw d ef ,
YJ OS wf hJ r*¾i&f pS yf g;apwoduf y&rw¬
rsm; yJaygh}
]'gu t&d,opöm t&aumufwt hJ cg taumufc&H wmxJ
rSm y&rw¬awG b,favmufyg0ifw,fvYkd a&wGujf ywmom jzpfae
w,f r[kwv f m;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]Oyrmwpfck xkwMf unfrh ,f}
]xkwfyg}
]apwDyxk ;kd wpfql qdyk gpd}Yk
][kwfNyD}
]tJonfapwDyx k ;kd [m tkwcf syaf wG xyfyx Hk m;wm r[kwf
vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJonfapwDykxdk;udk a&wGufwJhtcg apwDykxdk;vdkYyJ a&
wGurf vm;? tkwcf syaf wG xyfyx kH m;wmvdyYk J a&wGurf vm;}

420 ÓPuxm
]apwDykxdk;vdkYyJ wGuf&rSmaygh}
]tkwcf syaf wG xyfyx kH m;wm r[kwb f ;l vm;}
][kwfw,f}
]bmjzpfvYkd tJonfvkd ra&wGuo f vJ}
]rwlvdkYyJ}
]b,fvdkrwlwmvJ}
]tkwcf syaf wGxyfwm&JU xl;jcm;wJh taetxm;eJ?Y tJonf
taetxm;jzpfatmif &nf&, G jf yKvyk rf aI wG[m tkwcf syaf wG ol[
Y m
ol xyfaerIawGeYJ oD;jcm;jzpfwm[m rwlwmaygh}
][kwfNyD? 'gaMumifh apwDykxdk;udk tkwfyHkvdkY-rac:&wmaygh}
][kwfw,f}
]apwDyx k ;kd udk tkwyf v kH aYkd c:vsif rrSeb f ;l aemf? [kwv
f m;}
]rrSefbl;}
]'gqdv
k sif t&d,opömudk ar;r,f}
]ar;yg}
]vlwpfa,muf 'ku0© MJ oCrSm tpkyt f jrKyf cHae&w,fqykd g
awmh}
][kwfNyD}
]tJonfvkd tepfjrKycf aH e&wmawG[m pdwaf wG? apwoduf
awG ½kyfawG jzpfr,faemf}
][kwfwmaygh}
]tJ'gudk b,fvkd a&wGurf vJ? ]'kuj© zpfaew,fyJ a&wGuf

ÓPuxm 421
rvm;? b,f-pdwfçapwodufç½kyfawG jzpfaew,fyJ a&wGufrvm;}

]'ku©a&mufaew,fyJ a&wGuf&r,f}
]pdwçf apwoduçf ½kyaf wG rygvdv Yk m;}
]ygw,f}
]ygvsif tJ'gawGeYJ bmaMumifh ra&wGuo f vJ}
]rwlvdkYyJ}
]b,fvdkrwlwmvJ}
]tJonf pdwçf apwoduçf ½kyaf wG pkyjkH zpfymG ;rI&UJ jcm;wJt
h ae
txm;eJ?Y tJonf taetxm;&JU pdwçf apwoduçf ½kyf wpfcck si;f eJY
uGJjym;wJhtoGifawG[m rwlwmyJ}
]onfvq kd v kd sif 'kut
© &d,opömudk y&rw¬jzpfwhJ pdwçf apw
oduçf ½kyaf wGeYJ a&wGuw f m awmfrvm;}
]rawmfbl;aygh}
]rawmfayrJY onfvakd wG a&wGuaf ewmawG rvkyMf ubl;
vm;}
]vkyfw,f}
]onfvv kd yk o
f al wG[m t&d,opömorm;vm;?y&rw¬opöm
orm;vm;}
]y&rw¬opömorm;aygh}
]bk&m;u t&d,opöma[mwmvm;? y&rw¬opöm a[mwm
vm;}
]t&d,opöma[mwmaygh}

422 ÓPuxm
]onfawmh bk&m;a[m "r®awGeYJ onf"r®ukd aqmifoal wG

[m opömjym;raebl;vm;}
]jym;aewmaygh}
]'gqdvk sif jyóemawG rwufaybl;vm;}
]wuf&rSmaygh}
]tJonfjyóemawGukd rajzbJxm;vdYk &rvm;}
]r&bl;}
]tJ'gajzol[m b,folvJ}
]rodbl;}
]tJ'g[m rdvEd y´ O§m0w¬Ky}J
]aMomf}
]'gèrdvdEýO§m0w¬Kudk NcHKoHk;oyfjywmyJ}
]aumif;vdkufwm}
]&Snaf wmh &Sno f mG ;w,f}
]A[kokwawGygyJ}
]pum;rodyfonf;wmawmh cGifhvTwfyg}
]&ygw,f}
]rdvEd y´ O§m0w¬Ku rSm;w,fqw kd hJ jyóem&JU tajzuav;
tjrnf;tjzpf ajymprf;ygOD;}
]tJ'godatmifuawmh zwfMunfyh g}
]enf;enf;aygh}
]yXrqH;k jyóemu vlqw kd mr&Sbd ;l ? igçolwyg;ça,musmf ;ç

ÓPuxm 423
rde;f r r&Sb
d ;l qdw
k mygyJ}
]'gudk bmeJjY yovJ}
]0ZD&max&D&UJ *gxmeJjY yw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]vSn;f [m bD;ç0if½;kd çxrf;yd;k çvSn;f oef tppawG&UJ taygif;
om jzpfw,f/ vSn;f r&Sb d ;l vdyYk }J
]y&rw¬opömeJY vlzsujf ywmaygh}
][kwfw,f}
]aemufèbmawGjyao;vJ}
]&[EÅm[m ao&wmudyk J vdck siw f ,fyJ ajymw,f}
]jzpf&yav}
]&[EÅmaovsif bmrSrjzpfawmhb;l vnf; ajymw,f}
]aemufbmawGajymvJ}
]'ku&ú p&d,m[m rrSm;bl;vnf; ajymw,f}
][kwfNyD}
][dbk ufuuHeYJ onfbufowå0g tqufr&Sw d m r[kwyf kH
vnf; jyw,f}
]tif;}
]tarh0rf;xJuowå0g 0rf;rD;aMumifh rauswm uHaMumifq h kd
wmawGvnf; ajymw,f}
]tif;}
]vl0wfe&YJ [EÅmjzpfvsif aor,fvnf; ajymw,f}

424 ÓPuxm
]tif;}
]edAmÁ efqw
kd m bmrSrjzpfwmvdv
Yk nf; ajymw,f}
]tm;vHk;[m y&rw¬opömpum;awGcsnf;yJaygh}
][kwfw,f}
]bk&m;&JUw&m;udk bk&m;&JUw&m; r[kww f meJY em;vnf
atmif &Sif;csufawGaygh}

ÓPuxm 425
57/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd ? a&Tjrifwifawmifü t"d|mefyw

k ;D pdyf
vmMuaom *E¨m&Dorm;rsm;tm; &SiÓ f Pajymaompum;
]wynfah wmfwYkd q&mawmfukd OD;wifygw,fb&k m;}

]aumif;ygNy?D ud, k v f yk pf &m&Sw
d m vkyMf uyg}
]wynfhawmfwdkY tcsdefawG vdkygao;w,fbk&m;? at;at;
aq;aq;yg}
]aumif;NyD? onfvdkqdkvsif wumwdkYudk rdwfjzpfaqGjzpf
pum;enf;enf; ajymr,f}
]ajymygbk&m;}
]*E¨m&Dorm;awG[m owdxm;oifw h mawG &Sw d ,f}
]trdefY&Sdygbk&m;}
]awGUae&wJh tawGUtBuKH awGt& ajym&wmyJ}
]b,fvdktawGUtBuHKvJ bk&m;}
]bke;f Bu;D wdYk ud,
k af wGUjzpf&yf&,f? awGUod&wJh *E¨m&DawG&UJ
b0awG&,fawGyJ}
]q&mawmfa&m *E¨m&Dvyk zf ;l ovm; bk&m;}
]vkyzf ;l w,f ajym&rvdyk }J
]tajzub,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]*E¨m&Dcsi;f enf;enf;rwlvYkd onfvakd jymvdu k wf myg}
]bkef;BuD;*E¨m&DubmvJ bk&m;}
]aw0dZÆyg}

426 ÓPuxm
]rMum;zl;ygbl; bk&m;}
]xm;ygawmh}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJbk&m;}
]BuD;BuD;us,fus,fajymovdk jzpfaerSmpdk;vdkYyJ}
]aMomfèbk&m;}
]'gèxm;Mu&atmif}
]trde&Yf pdS &mudk qufygOD;bk&m;}
]tJ'gajym&atmif}
]rdefYygbk&m;}
]*E¨m&Dqdkwm teufzGifhr,f}
]zGifhygbk&m;}
]wumwdkYtzGifheJY rwlvsif cGifhvTwfem;axmifaemf}
]wynfhawmfwdkYu em;axmif&rnfholawGyg bk&m;}
]*E¨m&Dqw kd m c&D;oGm;Ny;D ynm&SmazGojl zpfw,f}
]tJ'g ud, k yf ikd t
f zGiv
hf m;bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]tJonftawGUtBuHKudk rdefYygOD;bk&m;}
]&SmazGaewJyh nm&yf&UJ toD;oD;aqmif&u G af eMuolawGqD
csOf;uyf&w,f}
]olw&Ykd UJ rdeMYf um;csut f oD;oD;udv
k nf; em;vnfomG ;atmif
em;axmifar;jref; &w,f/ tJ'gawG[m wpfcek w YJ pfck uGjJ ym;rI? wlnD
rIawGvnf; awGU&w,f/ 'gawGux kd yfvu kd v
f sif yHt
k opfawG xGuf

ÓPuxm 427
vmw,f? 'gavmufy}J
]*E¨m&DawG&UJ b0 awGUcJ&Y wmawG rdeMYf um;ygOD;bk&m;}
]*E¨m&Dorm;awG[m ]vlt} awGrsm;w,f}
]b,fvdkawGU&vdkYvJbk&m;}
]oduk pf mu b,fawmudo k mG ;? b,fEpS &f ufae? bmpm;? bm
vkyf onfvkd jzpfaeEdik wf ,f}
][kwfygYbk&m;}
]b,fawmoGm;qdk oGm;wmyJ}
]oGm;&rSmyJ r[kwv f m;bk&m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]&ufb,favmufaeqdk aewmyJ}
]ae&rSmyJr[kwfvm; bk&m;}
][kwyf gw,f? aeoifah e&rSmaygh}
]bmpm;qdk pm;aewmyJ}
]pm;&rSmyJr[kwv f m; bk&m;}
]pm;oifv h sif pm;&rSmaygh}
]bmvkyfqdk vkyfwmyJ}
]vky&f rSmyJ r[kwv f m;}
]vkyo f ifvh sif vky&f rSmaygh}
]oifhvsifqdkwJhpum;awGu b,fvdkt"dyÜg,faumuf&rvJ?
tñTe;f udk jiif;&m a&mufraebl;vm;}
]a&mufwmaygh}

428 ÓPuxm
]'gqdv k sif *E¨m&Dorm;aumif; jzpfyghrvm;}

]jzpfygw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]*E¨m&D&UJ tñTe;f awG[m umv&Snv f sm;aerSm r[kwv f m;}
][kwyf gw,f? a&S;ynm&Siaf wG&UJ tñTe;f yJ}
]'gqdvk sif tajctaeawG ajymif;aewmawG r&SEd ikd b f ;l vm;}
]b,fvdkajymif;rvJ}
]bmpm;&r,f ñTew f m[m bmaMumifñ h eT w
f mvJ a0zef
Munfh&r,f}
]a0zefvsif bmawGU&rvJ}
]onfae&mrSm'gpm; ñTe;f wm[m onfae&mrSm tm[m&
jznfzh Ykd vG,u f w l phJ m;p&m jzpfvyYkd }J
]iSuaf ysmoD;aygwJah e&mrSm iSuaf ysmoD;yJpm;zdYk ñTe;f rSmvm;
bk&m;}
][kwfw,f? OoQpfoD;? MoZmoD;? o&ufoD; ae&meJYtcsdef
MunfNh y;D ñTew f mawGy?J tJ'g wdu k q f ikd Mf unhaf ygh}
][kwaf vmufygw,f bk&m;}
]umvajymif;vdkY 'gawGajymif;oGm;vnf; onftwdkif;yJ
vdu
k v f yk af ew,f? 'gawG[m olwt Ykd odÓPfukd azmfjyaewmawGy}J
][kwfrSmyg}
]tJ'gxufq;kd wm &Sad o;w,f}
]bmvJbk&m;}

ÓPuxm 429
]yifr&nf&, G cf suf aysmufwmyJ}

]tJ'g vkyyf gOD;bk&m;}
]b,fae&mrSm bmpm;Ny;D ? b,favmufMumatmif bmvkyf
aevdYk cdik ;f wm&JU &nf&, G cf suyf }J
]b,fvdkaysmufwmvJbk&m;}
]bmjzpfvdkY onfvdktvkyfcdkif;w,fqdkwm rodwmyJ}
]bmjzpfvYkd tvkycf ikd ;f wmvJ}
]tJonfrmS ynm&Si&f EdS ikd w f ,f? tJonfynm&Sief YJ awGUEdik zf yYkd }J
]ynm&Siu f awmxJrmS rS &S&d ovm;}
]tJonfynm&yfu onfvykd /J tJ'g txufvrf;ynm&JU
oabmyJ}
]tJonfynm&SifeJYawGUwm yifr&nf&G,fcsufyJaygh bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]wjcm;ñTe;f csuaf wGu onf&nf&, G cf su&f UJ tyHt
Y yd;k awG
aygh}
][kww f ,f? tvkyt f xd tyHt Y yd;k awGxu J yJ}
]ykwD;pdyfwma&mvm;}
][kwfw,f? olwdkYykwD;[m wu,fawmh raA'g&JUa&bl;yJ}
]b,fvdkvJbk&m;}
]raA'gudk olzY cif&aohBu;D u a&cyfcikd ;f wm[m a&vdck siv f Ykd
u y"mer[kwb f ;l }

430 ÓPuxm
]orD;u t&G,af &mufvmawmY vifay;pm;zdYk vdv k mw,f?

ausmif;rSmaevsif awmxJqakd wmh vifawmf&rnft h azmf rawGUEdik f
bl;}
]onfvdk&nf&G,fcsufeJY cdkif;wmvm;bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]'gè&mZ0ifrmS ygvdv Yk m; bk&m;}
]ryg ygbl;}
]b,fvdkodwmvJ}
]olyY x
kH yJ gwmeJY odwmyJ}
]b,fvdkygvdkYvJ}
]a&bl;taygufu usOf;usOf;uav;vdkY ygw,fr[kwfvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]bmjzpfvu Ykd sO;f &wmvJvYkd &nf&,G cf suu
f kd azmfMunf? odwm
yJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfu ykw;D [mvnf; raA'g&JUa&bl;vdjk zpfwm odNyv D m;}
]tJ'gvnf; tazmfapmifzh aYkd ygY}
]'gudk rodMubl;? b,forl S pum;rajymEdik af tmif ykw;D vH;k
awGcsaeMuw,f}
]&nf&, G cf surf odvaYkd ygY bk&m;}
]raA'g[m olaY &bl; tcsUJ rcHEikd b f ;l qdv
k sif &aohBu;D &nf
&G,cf suf jynhyf ghrvm;}

ÓPuxm 431
]rjynfbh ;l aygh bk&m;}

]uJèwumwdYk vkypf &mvkyzf Ykd tcsed , f Ml uawmh}
]wynfah wmfwYkd vkypf &mNy;D oGm;ygNyD bk&m;}
]'gqdv
k nf; Ny;D wmyJ}

432 ÓPuxm
58/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd ? a&Tjrifwifawmifü wynfah usmif;q&m

uav; wpfO;D tm; &SiÓ f Pajymaom ykw;D pum;
]udkatmifpdk; a&mufvmw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]b,folvdkufydkYovJ}
]ar;vmvdu k w f maygh bk&m;}
]aemifrGef;vdkawmifay: aevmolyJ? onfawmifavmuf
awmh ajymzdkYrvdkbl;aygh [kwfvm;}
]onfawmifu a&xJuvSr;f jrifae&wmyJ}
]uJèxm;ygawmh? bmudpeö YJ a&mufvmwmvJ? ausmif;ydwf
&ufvnf; r[kwfbl;}
]ykw;D pdyrf vdYk vmcJw h m? ausmif;rSm onfaeYyJ xGupf mwif
cJNh y/D q&mBu;D u vufrcHbJ jiif;aew,f/ vufcw H mçvufrcHwm
olt Y vkyyf /J wifxm;cJNh y}D
][mèb,fvdk vkyfvdkufwmvJ? q&mjzpfoifwef;wufNyD;
q&mvkyaf umif;jcif; vkyNf y;D rS onfvv kd ,
G v
f ,G v
f yk v
f Ykd jzpfrvm;}
]tvky[ f m vkyo f ul kd wm0efc&H rSmaygh/ tck ud, k vf yk w
f m
ud, k w f pfa,muf ravmufb;l ? rdbqDu tul,al e&w,f/ 'g
aMumifh rvkyo f ifb h ;l qdNk y;D xGucf w
hJ myJ}
]tck bmvkyrf vJ}
]ykwD;pdyfr,f}

ÓPuxm 433
]tJ'g[kwyf gNy?D tJ'gNy;D awmh bmvkyrf vJ}

]c&D;oGm;r,f}
]jzpfrvm;}
]jzpfygw,f}
]igèawG;vdYk raygufvu kd w
f m}
]pdwcf syg}
]tckèb,favmuf ykwD;pdyfrSmvJ}
]q,f&uf}
]ig;&ufvyk yf g? aemufig;&ufuausmv f sif c&D;oGm;zdpYk pD OfNy;D
om; jzpfaevdkYyg}
]oGm;p&moGm;yg? wpfa,mufwnf;pdyNf y;D usecf rhJ ,f}
]jzpfEdkifrvm;}
]rylygeJ}Y
]vky-f vky?f rif;bmjzpfaeovJ igrodawmhb;l }
]&w,f? &w,f}
____________________________________
aemufoHk;&uftMumè
]rif[
h m *lxu J rxGuyf gvm;}
]&ygw,f}
]a&vnf;rcsdK;bl; xifw,f}
]&ygw,f}
]rif;èighpum;vnf; em;axmifO;D }

434 ÓPuxm
]&ygw,f}
]&ygw,frvkyef ?YJ ig pd;k &drv f mNy/D rif;*lxrJ oGm;eJOY ;D / igrifu
h kd
pum;ajymOD;r,f}
]ajymygèem;axmifrSmaygh}
]vmxdik f igajymr,f}
]ajymyg}
]rif;u bmawGyw k ;D pdyw f mvJ}
]t&[H}
]t&[Hudk b,fvdkpdyfwmvJ}
]t&[Hçt&-[Hçt-&[H? onfvdkpdyfwmyJ}
]t&[Hu bmvJ? t&-[Hu bmvJ? t-&[Hu bmvJ}
]rodbl;}
]rif;u rodwmawG yGm;aewmvm;}
]tJ'gawGu bk&m;*kPaf wmfawGy?J bk&m;*kPf yGm;wmaygh}
]bk&m;*kPu f kd rif;rSrodwmyJ}
]tJ'g bk&m;*kPf r[kwv f vYkd m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJ'g bk&m;*kPyf mG ;wmaygh}
]cufwmyJuGm}
]bmcufwmvJ}
]'gawGu bk&m;*kPu f jkd ywJh pum;vH;k awGy/J tJonf pum;
vH;k awG&UJ t"dygÜ ,fawG? jzpf&yfjycsuaf wmif rodb;l }

ÓPuxm 435
]vlwikd ;f onfvykd J r[kwv f m;}

][kwfrSmygyJ}
]vlwdkif;yJ cufMurvm;}
]at;}
]b,fvdkcufwmvJ}
]pdwZå 0ifwmaygh}
]b,fvdkpdwåZvJ}
]t½l;aygh}
]wynfhawmfr½l;ygbl;}
]t½l;qdw k m ud, k u hf , kd u f kd t½l;vdo
Yk rd vm;}
]xm;ygawmh}
]onfawmh rif;udk igawmif;yefygw,fumG / ykw;D pdycf sif
vnf; pdyyf g/ rif;odwmyJ pdyyf gvdyYk }J
]wynfhawmfodwmu bmvJ}
]bk&m;udk rif;b,fvo kd od vJ/ tJ'g rif;rSord mS yJ}
]bk&m;udk bk&m;vdyYk J odwm}
]bmrSrodb;l qdv k nf; bk&m;[m ud, k af v;pm;&olawG&UJ
q&m jzpfwmawmh rif;odwmyJ}
]'gawmh odwmaygh}
]tJ'geJY ykw;D pdyu f mG }
]b,fvkd pdy&f rSmvJ}

436 ÓPuxm
]bk&m;[m igav;pm;&olawG&UJ tav;pm;cH vrf;ñTeq f &m

jzpfw,f? jzpfw,faygh}
]onfvdkvkyfvdkY jzpfrvm;bk&m;}
]bmaMumifh rjzpf&rSmvJ}
]ykw;D pdyXf mefu½dP k ;f usyghrvm;aygh}
]ykw;D rSm bmXmefu½dP k ;f rS r&Sb
d ;l }
][kwfyghrvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]bke;f Bu;D u awmfatmifavsmaf tmif rajymeJaY emf}
]'gqdv k sif rif;udik gar;r,f/ ajzprf;}
]bmar;rSmvJ/ ar;yg}
]bk&m;ykwD;pdyfw,f Mum;zl;ovm;}
][ifhtif;}
]bk&m;rSm ykw;D &Sw d ,fvnf; Mum;zl;ovm;}
][ifhtif;}
]ykw;D udik xf m;wJh bk&m;qif;wk½yk u f akd wmif rif;jrifz;l r,f
r[kwfbl;}
]rjrifzl;bl;}
]bk&m;vufxufu bke;f Bu;D awGjzpfwhJ &Sit f meE´m? &Sif
r[muóy? &Sio f m&dyMk wm? &Siaf rm*¾vmefqw kd mawG Mum;zl;rSmyJ}
]Mum;zl;ygw,f}
]olwdkY ykwD;pdyfw,fMum;zl;ovm;}

ÓPuxm 437
]rMum;zl;bl;}
]tdE, d´ u oD[Vkd u f kd omoema&mufomG ;w,f? bduK© r[dE?´
bduK© eo
D CFrw d må wdYk qdw k mawGy?J olwYkd ykw;D pdyw f ,fqw kd mvnf;
Mum;zl;rSmr[kwfbl;}
]oD[dkVfbkef;BuD;awGqDrSmvnf; ykwD;r&Sdbl;vm;}
]r&Sbd ;l ? yk*b H ek ;f Bu;D awGqrD mS vnf; ykw;D r&Sb d ;l ? yk*aH cwfu
Ak'b¨ momawGqrD mS vnf; ykw;D r&Sb d ;l }
]&Sift&[HykwD;pdyfenf;qdkwm &SdaeNyDr[kwfvm;}
]&Sit
f &[Hqw kd b hJ ek ;f Bu;D udk r&Sb
d ;l ? ykw;D pdyef nf;awmh rajym
eJYawmh}
]yk*Hrif; taemf&xmu &Sift&[Hudk oxHkuyifhw,fqdk
r[kwfvm;}
]t&[Hqw kd m bke;f Bu;D tm;vH;k udk yk*pH um;eJaY c:a0:wJh a0g
[m&yJ? yk*¾dKvfwpfa,muf&JU emrnfr[kwfbl;}
]yk*rH mS ykw;D r&Sb d ;l aygh}
]ordik ;f q&mawGu r&Sb d ;l ? ykw;D [m yk*aH cwfu tvSqif
ypön;f tjzpfy&J w dS ,f ajymw,f}
]tif;0acwfrSmaum}
]tif;0acwfrmS vnf; tpydik ;f eJY tv,fyikd ;f rSm Ak'b ¨ mom
awG&UJ vufxrJ mS ykw;D r&Sad o;bl;vdYk ordik ;f q&mawGuajymw,f}
]b,facwfrSmrS Ak'¨bmomawG&JUvufxJ ykwD;a&mufwm
vJ}

438 ÓPuxm
]tif;0acwf aemufyikd ;f a&mufrS wdbufbek ;f Bu;D awG wd

bufu oD[dkVfoGm;&if; Armjynf0if&mu olwdkYykwD;pdyfenf;a&m
ykw;D ygusecf whJ mqdw k m od&w,f}
]olwdkYu ykwD;b,fu&wmvJ}
]olwu Ykd r[m,meawGjzpfw,f? r[m,meawG[m [dEL´
awGqu D &wmyJ}
]ykw;D &JU rlvydik &f iS f [dEL´ vm;}
][dEL´ yJ? ykw;D [m Ak'b ¨ momeJY wu,frqdik w f hJ ypön;f yJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
][dEL´ awGu a0'awGukd o&ZÑ,&f w,f/ tJonfvv kd yk w
f hJ
tcg *gxmb,favmuf a&mufNyq D w kd m rSwwf ahJ e&mrSm ykw;D udk
toHk;jyKwmjzpfw,f}
]onfvdkvm;}
]ykw;D [m yG½J akH wGçqdyu f rf;awGrmS uket f 0iftxGu?f t
wuftqif;awG b,favmuf&NdS yq D w kd modzYkd wkww f uH av;awGeYJ
rSwfovdkyg}
]ykwD;[m *½dkUwkwfwHoabmyJvm;}
][kww f ,f? rif;wdbufyw k ;D awGukd owdxm;rdb;l rvm;yJ}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]olwyYkd w k ;D rSm acgif;oH;k acgif;ygw,f/ acgif;wpfcrk mS vnf;
ykw;D aphig;vH;k pDygw,f/ tJonfyw k ;D aphawG[m BuKd ;tMuyfawGeyYJ }J
]tJ'g bmoabmvJ}

ÓPuxm 439
]a&wGufwJhypönf;qdkwm xif&Sm;apwJhtcsufaygh}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]wpfywfNy;D oGm;vsif yXracgif;u yXrtvH;k udk txuf
enf;enf;qGw J if&w,f/ 'kw, d wpfywf&awmh yXracgif; 'kw, d
tvH;k udk qGw J if&w,f/ ig;ywfqakd wmh yXracgif;u ig;vH;k udjk yef
csNy;D 'kw, d acgif;u yXrtvH;k udk qGw J ifw,f}
]ayoD;wGufenf;yJ}
]at;è[kwfw,f}
]'gqdak wmh ykw;D [m bmqdw k m odomwmaygh}
]rif;odzYkd vdw k ,f}
]odomG ;ygNyD bk&m;}
]uJèoGm;awmh rif;vkypf &m&Sw d mvkyOf ;D ? a&uav;bmav;
csdK;aygh}
]aumif;Nyb D &k m;? eufjzefrmS wynfah wmfjyefawmhr,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]ykw;D pdyw
f m Ny;D oGm;NyyD }J
]igvnf; aemufEpS &f uf½v dS sif rEÅav;oGm;p&m&Sw d myJ? igeJY
twl qif;Muwmaygh}
]tJonfavmuf raeEdkifbl;}
]rif[
h m ajymr& qdrk &ygvm;}
]tJonfvkd ratmufarhygeJ?Y cGiv hf w
T yf g}

440 ÓPuxm
59/ ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f ? Aef;armufNrKd Ue,f? yifyakH csmif;ab;rSvrf;ay:

ü bke;f Bu;D uav;wpfyg;tm; &SiÓ f Pajymaompum;
]t½Sib f &k m;u onfe,fur[kwyf gbl;? b,fu<kd urvdv Yk }J

]rEÅav;rif;uGe;f t&yfuyg? onfbufukd tv,fvmwmyg
yJ/ igh½iS uf onft&yfuvm;}
][kwyf gw,f? t½Sib f &k m; onft&yfukd bmudp<ö uvmwm
vJ}
]tvnftywfygyJ/ onfvakd r;wJo h al wG awGU&w,f? bm
jzpfvYkd onfvakd r;wmvJ}
]onft&yf[m vlot l a&muftayguf enf;w,f/ txl;
udp&ö o
dS al wGyJ a&mufw,f/ t½Sib f &k m;[m e,fveG v f mvdyYk }J
]'gqdv k siaf wmh ajz&rSmyJ}
]bmvkyfvmwmvJ}
]xl;qef;wm t&Smvmwm}
]bmjzpfvdkY}
]rd;k atmufuajray:rSm xl;qef;wmqdw k m r&Sb d ;l vdYk wynfh
awmfu cH,x l m;wm ]eufwahJ e&mawG ra&mufb;l vdyYk g}- ajymMuvdYk
onfrmS bmrsm;xl;qef;wm&So d vJ &SmzdYk vmcJw h myJ}
][mèbk&m;}
][kww f ,f? olrsm;awGu ar;wmcH&zefrsm;vdYk ]igu bm
vkyvf mwmvJ}-vdYk jyefar;Ny;D onftajzudk renf;xkwx f m;&wm}

ÓPuxm 441
]b,fvdkawG ar;MuvdkYvJ}
]onftxJvmwm e,fveG Nf y/D tif;&Smvmwmvm;? aq;&Sm
vmwmvm;? "mwf&mS vmwmvm; ar;Muw,f}
]udk,fawmfu b,fvdkajzovJ}
]tif;qdw k m ocsmF ynmyJ? tJonfynmtay:rSm b,fvkd
oabmxm;ygw,faygh}
]b,fvdkoabmxm;vdkYvJ}
]onfxufaumif;wJh ocsmF oifMum;avhvmenf;awG ay:
aeNyDvdkYaygh}
]"mwfusawmhaum}
]t*¾&d wf[m "mwkynmray:cif t½dik ;f acwfuynmyJ}
]aq;0g;ynmuaum}
]Armjynf&UJ aq;0g;ynmu tm,kaAÁ'aq;*dP k ;f uyJ? onf
ynmu acwfopf aq;ynmeJpY mvsif rwd;k wufynm&yfy}J
]onfvdkawGajzawmh auseyfMu&JUvm;}
]b,fauseyfrvJ}
]b,fvdkar;vdkYvJ}
]tvSLcHvmwmvm;wJh}
]bmjyefajzovJ}
]onfrmS tvSLcHp&m bm&Sv d v
Ykd aJ ygh}
]onft&yfu a&TxGufw,fvdkYajymMuw,f}
]a&Txu G af wmh a&Tu tzd;k rwefbJ tvum;eD;yg;&vdv Yk m;

442 ÓPuxm
vdYk jyefar;&w,f}
]olwdkYu b,fvdkajzMuovJ}
]b,f&rvJ? olaY ps;eJo Y al yghvYkd ajzMuwmaygh}
]udk,fawmfu bmajymvJ}
]onfvq kd vkd sif a&TtvSLcHzYkd onfèb,fvmrvJ/onfxuf
a&TaygwJah e&mudk oGm;Ny;D tvSLcHrmS ayghvYkd ajym&w,f}
]olwdkYu bmajymvJ}
]onfxufa&TaygwJah e&m b,frmS &So d vJ ar;Muw,f}
]ukd,fawmfu bmajzovJ}
]rEÅav;aps;csdKu a&Tqdkifwef;rSmyJvdkY ajz&w,f/ 'geJYyJ
onftxJvm&jcif;&JUtaMumif;udk pOf;pm;xm;wm tck igh½iS u f kd
ajzvdu k w f thJ wdik ;f yJ xl;qef;wm t&SmvmwmyJ/ xl;qef;wm&Sv d sif
igh½SifwdkYu ñTefMuzdkYyJ}
]t½Sifbk&m;u xl;qef;wmr,Hkbl;vm;}
]tJonfvdk ajym&rSmygyJ}
]pkef;awG? wapäawG r,Hkbl;vm;}
][kwfw,f}
]pkef;awG&Sdw,f}
]awGUzl;vm;}
]Mum;zl;wmyJ}
]wynfhawmfvnf; Mum;zl;ygw,f}
]tJ'g b,fvv kd }J

ÓPuxm 443
]usO;f ajrmif;wJah 'oawGqakd wmh pdwcf pH m;rIawGu eifo

h ;D
wmaygh}
]tJ'geJY bmywfoufovJ}
]tJ'gawGyJ pke;f ajym&wm}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]cHp&mvnf; vSnzhf rYJ cHwwfb;l ? onfval wGrmS pdwaf &m*g
0ifwmaygh/ 'gyJ tjyKpm;cH&w,fajym&wmyg}
]o&JrD;awGuawmh wu,fjrif&w,f}
][kwfrSmyg}
]tJ'g o&Jwapäaygh}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]bmvJ}
]vQypf pfNird af wGvYkd ajym&rSmyg}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]yifv,fxq J rD mS a&S;tcgu onfvrkd ;D vk;H Bu;D awG awGUvsif
onfvdkyJxifNyD; ckcHMunfhMuw,fod&w,f}
]wu,fr[kwfbl;vm;}
]"mwfobm0qdw k m onfacwfrmS odaeMuygNy}D
]pkef;awmufwmawGaum}
]onfvdkawGygyJ}
]xHkaq;awGu b,fvdkvJ}
]tckvkyfMuao;vm;}

444 ÓPuxm
]a&SUem;utxd vkyw f ,f}

]tJ'g b,fvv kd yk w
f mvJ}
]ouFe;f Bu;D pkw?f rD;aexbDpw k f tp&Sw
d hJ rawmfrwJah wGr;D ½IUd
tp&Sw
d mawG vkyNf y;D xHt k ;kd wnf&w,f od&w,f}
]bmeJYwnfovJ}
]pOfYtdk;? ausmuftdk;eJYaygh}
]b,favmufMumMumvJ}
]ESpaf wG trsm;tjym;yJ}
]ajcmufrukefbl;vm;}
]tNrJapmifha&Smuf&wmaygh? taumifyavmif taoawG
vnf; xnfhw,f od&w,f}
]aemuf bmvkyo f vJ}
]tJ'gpD&ifNy;D aq;aumif;vkyNf y;D oH;k MuwmyJ}
]bmoHk;vJ}
]ya,m*awGaygh}
]pGr;f rSmygyJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]tcsufESpfcsufaygh}
]wpfcsuu f tufqpfawG jzpfaeavmufNy}D
]aemufwpfcsufuaum}
]pdwf"mwfxnfhxm;rI odyfrsm;w,f}
]'gaMumifhvm;}

ÓPuxm 445
]'gtjyif bm&Srd vJ}

]rxl;bl;ayghaemf}
]bmxl;rSmvJ}

446 ÓPuxm
60/ ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f ? Aef;armufNrKd Ue,f? a0pkwcf s&D mG ü a0pkwcf sD

q&mawmftm; &SiÓ f Pajymaompum;
]wynfah wmf rEÅav;rif;uGe;f uyg/ onfbufukd tvnf

tywf vmwmyg/ q&mawmfY owif;awGMum;&vdYk 0ifvmcJw h myg/
wynfhawmfudk onfrSmwnf;cdkcGifhjyKyg}
]aeygbk&m;/ [db k ufem;rSm tdyaf ygh}
]q&mawmfwpfyg;wnf;vm; bk&m;}
]at;èwpfyg;wnf;yJ}
]ausmif;Bu;D u MumNyx D ifw,f? tdak eygNyvD m;}
]at;èa&S;uausmif;yJ? igvnf; raebJxm;cJv h Ykd jzpfovdk
jzpfaewmyJ}
]ausmif;tjyifbufrmS {nfo h nfawG &Sad eygvm;}
]at;èaeYpOfvmMuwmawGyJ}
]q&mawmfYausmif;u awmpyfuav;yJaemf}
]&Gmuvnf; awmxJyJr[kwfvm;}
]onftxkyfawGyHkaewmeJY qefawGyHkaewmu b,fvdkvJ
bk&m;}
]olwdkYvSLMuwmyJ}
]qGr;f bkO;f ay;vdYk aumif;yg&JUvm;}
]raumif;bl;? vlawGupkyf,lwm cHae&ovdkyJ}
]tdyfvdkYaumbk&m;}

ÓPuxm 447
]rtdyfygbl;}
]bmjyKvdkYvJbk&m;}
]rtdyfcsifawmhvdkYyJ}
]usef;rmawmh usef;rm&JUvm;bk&m;}
]rmygw,f}
]aeaumif;vsif q&mawmfukd wynfah wmf awmif;yefcsif
wm bk&m;}
]bmvJ}
]wynfah wmfukd wynfah wmfeYJ awmfr,fxifwhJ w&m;wpfy'k f
csD;jr§ifhay;zdkYyg}
]awmfrnfw h &m; ra[mwwfygbl;}
]onfvdkqdkvnf; q&mawmfa[mcsifwJh w&m;wpfyk'fudk
wynfah wmfukd a[may;yg bk&m;}
]a[mcsiw f mvnf; r&Syd gbl;}
]onfvq kd vkd nf; q&mawmfusichf w
hJ hJ usiphf Ofw&m; a[m
ygbk&m;}
]usix hf m;wm bmrSr&Syd gbl;}
]q&mawmf awmxJrmS ESpaf ygif;ESpq f ,fausmaf vmuf aecJh
w,fvYkd od&ygw,f/ tJ'g [kwo f vm; bk&m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJonfrmS bmvkyaf ewmvJ bk&m;}
]bmrS rvkyyf gbl;}

448 ÓPuxm
]bmrSrvkyb f J bmaMumifh oGm;aewmvJb&k m;}

]&GmrSmrae&vdYk awmxJomG ;aewmyJ}
]b,folu rae&wmvJ}
]*syefawGu onfbufrmS ppfvrf;vkyaf wmh &Gmom;awGu
&GmrSmraeMubJ awmxJoGm;aeMu&wm}
]'gaMumifh q&mawmfvnf; vdu k af e&wmvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]ppfNy;D awmh olwjYkd yefvmrSmaygh}
]jyefMuw,f}
]q&mawmfu bmaMumifh jyefrvdu k v
f mwmvJ}
]tJonfrSmvnf; taeusaewmeJYyJ}
]tckawmh b,faMumifh onfausmif;jyefvmwmvJ}
]tJ'gvnf; awmxJrae&vdyYk }J
]b,folu rae&wmvJ}
]uGejf rLepfawGu awmxJa&mufvmMuw,f/ wdu k Mf u? cdu
k f
MueJY qdak wmh &Gmjyefvm&wm}
]aMomfèonfvdkvm;bk&m;}
]vlawGu bmjzpfvdkY vmMuw,frodygbl;}
]t&Sifbk&m;&JU ausmfapmowif;aMumifhayghbk&m;}
]tckacwfrmS awmh &[EÅmqdw k mawmh &Sad wmhrxifygbl;}
]wifygY bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 449
]usKyw
f aYkd wmh &if;pm;uav;&atmif renf; BuKd ;pm;ae&
ygw,f}
]q&mawmf[m ta0;rSm jzpfysuaf ewJh tjzpftysuu f
av;awG odaeovdk ajymMuygw,f/ tJ'g b,fvv kd b J &k m;}
]wpfcgwpf&H olzY momol pdwx f J xifvmwmuav;awGy}J
]q&mawmfu wumçwumrawGukd ausmif;ay:wufNy;D zl;
wJth cg w&m;cs;D jri§ whf m[m toHuryDb;l / tJ'golwu Ykd kd em;vnf
&JUvm; ar;Munfw h t hJ cg olwv
Ykd nf; em;rvnfMubl;vdyYk J ajymMuyg
w,f/ olwdkYa&SUuaewJh wynfhawmfawmif em;rvnfbl;? tJ'g
b,fvdkvkyfrvJbk&m;}
]rwwfEikd bf ;l / w&m;uonfvykd J a[mwwfwmyJ}
]q&mawmf odyyf o l vm;/ wpfnvH;k xdik Nf y;D ,yfcwfaewm
yJ awGU&w,f/ bk&m;pifrmS rD;Nird ;f cgeD;vsif xGe;f vdu k ef yYJ }J
]odyrf ylygbl;/ rtdycf sivf Ykd rtdywf myg}
]onftpm;taomufç toH;k taqmifawG yHak ewmaMumifh
xifw,f/ nrSm <uufawG w½kef;½kef;yJ}
]rwwfEdkifbl;}
]tJ'gawGeYJ pdwrf npfb;l vm;}
]rnpfygbl;}

450 ÓPuxm
61/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd ? a&Tjrifwifawmifü q&mr a':wifwif

vif; tm; &SiÓ f Pajymaom o'¨gudyk nmjzifx Y ed ;f pum;
]wynfah wmfu wifwifvif; ygbk&m;}

][kwfuJhèMum;zl;aew,f}
]usefwmawGu wynfhawmftareJY tazmfawGygbk&m;}
]aumif;NyD}
]onfaeY wynfah wmfwYkd onfrmS w&m;em? ykw;D pdyaf eMu
rvdyYk g bk&m;/ cGijhf yKyg}
]vkyfMuyg}
]wynfah wmf ar;p&m &Sw d muav;awG &Sv d sivf nf; ar;yg&
apbk&m;}
]&ygw,f}
]bkef;BuD; oufawmfb,favmuf &SdoGm;NyDvJbk&m;}
]wumrtouf tvsifajymygOD;}
]oH;k q,fEh pS yf g bk&m;}
]i,fao;wmyJ}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]q&mrudkar;&OD;r,f}
]ar;ygbk&m;}
]bmawG&nf&, G Nf y;D tckvyk w
f v
hJ yk if ef;awGukd vkyaf ewmvJ}
]&[EÅmjzpfzyYkd g bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 451
]Asm}
]bmjzpfvdkYwkef; bk&m;}
]tHhMovdkYyg}
]bmjzpfvYkd tHMh owmvJ bk&m;}
]OD;Zif;wdu Yk bke;f Bu;D yJ/ 'gayrJY &[EÅmjzpfzYkd rarQmrf eS ;f rdb;l /
Ny;D awmhvnf; OD;Zif;wdu Yk bke;f Bu;D xJrmS awmif pmroifçayroif
bke;f Bu;D r[kwb f ;l / 'gvnf; &[EÅmjzpfzYkd r&nfreS ;f rdb;l / pmayoif
wJh bke;f Bu;D xJrmS awmif awmrxGuçf awmifrxGub f ek ;f Bu;D r[kwf
bl;/ awmxGuw f &m;usiahf ewJh bke;f Bu;D / tJ'gawmif &[EÅmjzpfcsif
pdwf raygufcb hJ ;l / q&mru a,musmf ;vnf;r[kwb f ;l / onfu
&[EÅmjzpf &nf&, G Nf y;D onftvkyv f yk af ew,f qdak wmh rtHMh ovdYk
b,fjzpfrvJaygh}
]wynfah wmf&nf&, G cf suu f awmh 'gygyJ bk&m;}
]wumr&JU &nf&, G cf su[ f m wumr&JU,HMk unfcsuf jzpfrmS
ygyJ}
][kwyf gw,f/ onfvjkd zpf&vdrrhf ,fqw kd m wynfah wmf ,Hk
Munfvnf; ,HkMunfygw,f}
],HkMunfcsuf[m bmoma&;pum;eJYqdkvsif o'¨gw&m;yJ}
]wifygbk&m;}
]q&mr o'¨gw&m;u Bu;D vSacsvm;}
][kwfygw,f}

452 ÓPuxm
]onfavmufBu;D wJh o'¨gw&m;udk q&mr bmeJx

Y ed ;f xm;
ovJ}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]o'¨gw&m;[m £ajEíg;yg;xJu wpfyg;tygt0ifw&m;
jzpfygw,f}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]£ajEi´ g;yg;rSm owd£ajEu ´ vGv J sif usew f £ hJ ajEa´ wG[m
vGefwwfMuw,f}
]wifygbk&m;}
]o'¨gvGefawmh-uGefY? ynmvGefawmh-wGefY? 0D&d,vGefawmY
jyef?Y orm"dveG af wmh-qGUH qdv k m; onfvakd wGajymwmawG &Sw d ,f}
]Mum;zl;ovdak wmh &Syd gw,f bk&m;}
]o'¨gvGew f mrjzpfatmif ynmeJx Y ed ;f &w,f/ ynmudv k nf;
o'¨geJYxdef;&w,f/ 0D&d,eJY orm"dvnf; tcsif;csif;nDaeatmif
nd§xdef;&w,fqdkwm}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]q&mr&JU onfavmufBu;D wJo h '¨gudk bmynmeJx Y ed ;f ovJ?
'g ar;&r,f}
]onfvv kd nf; rxde;f wwfygbl; bk&m;}
]onfvq kd vkd siaf wmh o'¨gvGew f mBu;D jzpfrmS pd;k &wmaygh}
]o'¨gvGeaf wmh uGew Yf ,fqw kd m b,fvjkd zpfwmvJb&k m;}

ÓPuxm 453
]o'¨gvGev f sif wPSmuRw H ,fqw kd hJ ajympum;twdik ;f w

PSmuRw H mbuf a&mufwm jzpf&vdrrhf ,f}
]onfvdkawmh rjzpfEdkifygbl; bk&m;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]wynfah wmfwYkd vkyif ef;u wPSmyg;&Sm;atmif vkyaf ewJh
vkyif ef; jzpfvyYkd gyJ}
]wumrrSm bmynm&Sv d vYkd -J vd?Yk 'gaMumifah r;wm}
]bmynm&,fawmh r&Sb d ;l aygh bk&m;}
]ynmr&Sb d eJ YJ vkyv
f aYkd wmh wPSm ruRaH tmif wwfEikd rf mS
r[kwfbl;}
]wPSmyg;&Sm;atmif vkyaf e&if;vnf; wPSmxJuRrH mS yJvm;
bk&m;}
]uRHrSmyJ}
]b,fvu kd RrH mS vJ bk&m;}
]wumrrSm wPSmudk b,fEpS rf sKd ;&Sw d ,f odovJ}
]trsdK;rsdK;&Sdw,f rodygbl;bk&m;}
]bmodovJ}
]yk*Kd¾ vwf pfO;D udk MunfnKd o'¨g&if;u tJonfy*k Kd¾ vef YJ &if;ES;D
Ny;D cspBf uKd uo f mG ;wmrsKd ;udyk J o'¨gvGe&f if wPSmuRw H ,fqw
kd phJ um;
u ajymxm;wmvdyYk J odygw,fb&k m;}
][kwfwmyJ}
]onfawmh b,fvu kd RrH vJaygh bk&m;}

454 ÓPuxm
]wumru onfvo kd ad evdYk onfvakd jymwmyJ}

][kwyf gw,fb&k m;/ wynfah wmfow d mrSm;vsif trde&Yf ydS g
bk&m;}
]rrSm;avmufygbl;/ 'gayrJY rjynfph akH o;bl;}
]tJ'g trde&Yf adS y;yg bk&m;}
]aumif;NyD? rSwfom;ay;yg}
]tqifoifyh g bk&m;}
]wPSm[m wumr odovdk wpfrsKd ;wnf; rubl;}
]wifygbk&m;}
]wumr odwmu tJonfxu J wpfrsKd ;yJjzpfw,f}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]tJonf wumrodwhJ wPSmu umrwPSmyJ}
]wifygbk&m;}
]tJonfwPSmxJ wumr ruRaH vmufwm OD;Zif; odyg
w,f}
][kwrf mS yg bk&m;}
]tJonfwPSmrSm ruRaH yrJY o'¨gvGev
f siaf wmh wPSmu
uRHrSmyJ}
]b,fwPSmrSm uRrH mS vJb&k m;}
]usew
f w
hJ PSm ESpyf g;? wpfyg;yg;xJaygh}
]tJonfwPSmawG trdefY&SdygOD;bk&m;}
]b0wPSmeJY 0db0wPSmqdw k mawGy}J

ÓPuxm 455
]b0wPSmqdkwmu b,fvdk[mvJbk&m;}
]umrwPSmu pajym&atmif}
]wifygbk&m;}
]umrwPSmqdw k m 0ef;usit f m½Hk umr*kPw f &m;awG t
ay:rSm Niu d yfwyfpeG ;f rIawGy}J
]wifyg bk&m;}
]b0wPSmqdw k mu ]tJonf tm½Hik g;yg; umr*kPw f &m;
aMumifh ighrmS qif;&J'u k r© sm;&w,f? igcsr;f omatmif 0ef;usit f m½Hk
awG tay:rSm vdv k m;wyfrufpw d f ray:apwJh pdwx f ed ;f rIawGeYJ
xde;f Ny;D ighu, kd if g csr;f omatmifaer,f}-qdw k hJ ud,k uhf , kd uf kd cspjf rwf
Ed;k rIveG u
f w J hJ wPSmyJ}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]0db0wPSmuawmh igr&S?d olrsm;vnf; r&Sb d ;l ? avmuBu;D
rSm bmrSr&Sb d ;l / tJonf r&Sw d mawG odae&wmuav;[m Nird ;f
at;w,fvYkd wyfpeG ;f aewJph w d f wPSmyJ}
]bke;f Bu;D ajymwJw h PSmawGu eufev J ukd wf m bk&m;}
]odyfem;rvnfcsifbl;vm;}
]wynfah wmfem;eJaY wmfatmif trde&Yf ydS gOD;bk&m;}
]'gqdkvsif vG,fvG,frSwfom;aygh}
]wifygbk&m;}
]tm½Hkig;yg;vdkvm;wm umrwPSm}
]wifygbk&m;}

456 ÓPuxm
]b0vdv k m;wm b0wPSm}

]wifygbk&m;}
]b0ysufwmvdkvm;wm 0db0wPSmyJ}
]rSwfrdygNyDbk&m;}
]onfawmh wumr[m umrwPSmudu k RrH mS r[kwb f ;l }
]wifygbk&m;}
]onfvrkd uRw H meJY igwPSmruREH ikd b
f ;l vdYk ratmufarhe}YJ
]wifygbk&m;}
]o'¨godyBf u;D vGe;f vsif o'¨gvGerf mS yJ}
]wifygbk&m;}
]o'¨gvGev f sif ynmeJY xde;f Edik vf sio f m/ rxde;f Edik v f sif uRH
p&m&Sw d m uRrH mS yJ}
]b0wPSm? 0db0wPSmawG[m qd;k ovm;bk&m;}
]wPSm[m bmjzpfjzpf twlwyl v J Ykd bk&m;a[mxm;w,f/
wPSm[m usiBf u;D eJY wlw,f/ usiBf u;D [m olaX;ol<u,fwYkd usif
Bu;D jzpfw,f-qdNk y;D &G&H mS p&mr[kwb f ;l rajym&ovdyk v J Ykd a[majym
csuf&Sdw,f}
]tJonf wPSmawGbuf ruRaH tmif o'¨gw&m;udk b,f
ynmeJYxdef;&rSmvJbk&m;}
]r*fzdkvfynmawGeJYaygh}
]tJonfynm&atmif wynfah wmfusiahf eygw,f bk&m;}
]'gudu
k siEhf ikd af tmif bmynmawG &Sv d v Ykd }J

ÓPuxm 457
]tJonfynmu b,fu&rSmvJ bk&m;}

]odolqDuyJ &Edkifr,f}
]aumif;ygNyb
D &k m;? wynfah wmf onfvm&usKd ;eyfygw,f/
t½Sifbk&m;a[majymcsufudk om"kac:ygw,f}
]wumrwdYk vkypf &m&Swd m oGm;vkyMf u}

458 ÓPuxm
62/ rif;uGe;f a&Tjrifwifawmifay:ü a':wifwifvif;tm;

'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf &SifÓPajymaompum;
]tck wumreJw Y umrtarudk pum;ajymzdaYk wGUwm[m
reufu wumr xoGm;wJt h cgrSm wumrtar&JUajymqdck sut f &
awGUwmyJ/ tJ'g wumrtaru wumrudk ajym&JUvm;}
]ajymygw,f}
]wumru reufua&mufprSm ajymw,f? wynfah wmfvm
wm tacguf oH;k av;acguf &Syd gNy/D onfwpfcgawmh wynfah wmfukd
qkwpfckcsD;jr§ifhyg-vdkYyJ}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]tJ'gudk OD;Zif;jiif;cJw
h ,f/ wumr onfuaeY pm;0wfae?
oH;k pGaJ e&wJh t&mawG[m onfaeY urÇmay: vlwpfa,muf&oifw h hJ
&p&mxuf renf;bl;/ urÇmpY m;p&m? 0wfp&mawG yHx k m;Ny;D urÇmY
pm;rJ0h wfrv hJ al wG rQay;vsif onfaeY wumr&wmxuf ydrk mS r[kwf
bl;/ 'gaMumifh wumru bmqkrrS awmif;eJv Y Ykd OD;Zif;ydwv
f ukd f
w,f}
][kwfygw,fbk&m;}
]onfpum;Mum;&awmh wumr qGr;f oGm;csuyf g&apqdNk y;D
xoGm;w,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]wumrtaru wumraemufukd vdu k rf oGm;bJ OD;Zif;
teD;rSm usecf w hJ ,f}

ÓPuxm 459
][kwfygw,f}
]olu OD;Zif;udak wmif;yefw,f/ wynfah wmforD; vdck siw f hJ
qku pm;p&m? 0wfp&mawG r[kwyf gbl;? olrY mS tvkyw f pfck vkyf
aewm a&SUwd;k r&jzpfaew,fvYkd olajymygw,f/ Ny;D awmh ol[m
olrsm;awG&UJ a&SUaemuftaMumif;awGvnf; a[majymaeygw,f/
rSevf wS ,fqNkd y;D ar;jref;olawGvnf; wef;pDaeygw,f/ olèonfvkd
jzpfwm[m bmjzpfwmqdw k m rodb;l / onfvyk if ef;[m wynfh
awmfpvkyfwJh vkyfief;yJ/ wynfhawmfudk xdef;zdkYvdkuf&if; olu
onfvdk jzpfoGm;wmygyJ/ onfawmh 'g[m bmjzpfoGm;EdkifovJ
qdwk mvnf; rodb;l / t&Sib f &k m;wdv Yk kd wu,fusiBhf uaH eolawGyJ
'gudo k Ed idk rf ,fqw kd m ,HMk unfygw,f/ wynfah wmforD;&JU tm½Hrk mS
vnf; t&Sib f &k m;eJY t&Sib f &k m;&JUawmifukd ay:w,fvYkd od&yg
w,f/ onfawmh wynfah wmforD;udk ypfrxm;bJ olaY wmif;qdck suf
uav;awGukd vrf;ñTejf yKay;yg bk&m;? wynfah wmf awmif;yefyg
w,f/ onfvkd wumrtaru ajymcJw h ,f}
][kwrf mS yg bk&m;}
]tJonfwek ;f u OD;Zif;u ajymvdu k w
f ,f/ aumif;NyD awGU
wmaygh/ 'gayrJY onfvkd awGUwJt h cgawmh wumrBu;D orD; wpf
a,mufwnf;eJaY wGUrS jzpfr,fvv Ykd nf; ajymcJw h ,f}
]taru ajymygw,f}
]wumrtaru wynfah wmfvnf; ryg&bl;vm;vdYk aps;
qpfvYkd wumrtarudyk g OD;Zif;u awGUcGiahf y;cJw h myJ}

460 ÓPuxm
]ajymygw,f bk&m;}
]onfvakd jym&wmu wumr&JUb0udk rvGrJ aoG a0zefay;
&rSmqdak wmh wumr&JU wynfah wGa&SUrSm raumif;vSvyYkd }J
]em;vnfygw,f bk&m;}
]tJonfvq kd v kd sif onfpum;awG jzwfMuawmhp/Ykd wumr
udk OD;Zif;ajymr,f}
]aumif;ygNyDbk&m;}
]wumr&JUb0udk tpuae tcktaetxd tHjyprf;yg/
tJ'gudk OD;Zif; em;axmifay;ygr,f}
]wynfhawmfu yXrrSm tarykwD;pdyfxGufwm vdkufxdef;
ay;&if;eJY wynfah wmfvnf; ykw;D pdyw f mygyJ}
]vdkufxdef;w,fqdkwm b,fvdkvJ}
]taru rde;f rom;qdak wmh tazmfvw kd maygh bk&m;/ tJ
onfawmh wynfah wmfvnf; ykw;D pdyv f ukd &f wmaygh]
]b,foGm;pdyfMuwmvJ}
]bk&m;ykx;kd eJY rEÅav;awmif? &efuif;awmif tppawGygyJ}
]wumrtaru bmvkyfwmvJ}
]olu pD;yGm;vnf;rvkyEf ikd /f tazu avjzwfNy;D vJaew,f/
pdwfnpfvdkYyJayghbk&m;}
][kwfNyD}
]wynfah wmfvnf; ykw;D pdy&f if;eJY ykw;D pdy&f wm[m t&om
&Sdvmygw,f}

ÓPuxm 461
]b,fvdkt&om &SdwmvJ}
]ykw;D pdy&f vdYk anmif;nmwmawGvnf; r&Sad wmhbJ pdwu f
vnf; b,frS rvGirhf yg;bJ onfyw k ;D xJrmS wnfaewmayghb&k m;}
]tcsdefb,favmufMumMumvJ}
]tcsed [ f m r&Sad wmhovdak ygh bk&m;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]MumayrJY cPvdak ygh}
]tdyfaysmfaeovdkvm;}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]jzpfyHkvkyfygOD;}
]ud,k u hf ,kd u
f kd ,HMk unfpw d t f jynfeh YJ csr;f ajrah eygw,f}
]'gaumif;wmayghaemf}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJnrf mS tm½Hjk rif pNyv D m;}
]taMumif;oifw h ikd ;f tm½Hrk mS xifaeygNy}D
]tJ'gawGu trSeaf wGvm;}
]trSeaf wGu rsm;ygw,f}
]tckbmjzpfaeovJ}
]tckjzpfaewmu em&Dwpf0ufavmufMumwJt h xd tcsed f
r&Sb
d aJ evdYk &aeygw,f}
]tJ'gNyD;awmhaum}

462 ÓPuxm
]wynfah wmfpw d x f rJ mS onfvt kd csed rf ahJ e&wmudk twdik ;f

rod 0rf;omygw,f/ tJ'gudk ESpq f ,fah v;em&Dv;kH aeEdik v f sif t&
[wåzv kd af yguf &[EÅm jzpfr,fqw kd m ,HMk unfaeygw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]tJonfawmh tJonfvkd jzpfcsiyf gw,f/ onfxuf wd;k vkyf
vdv
Yk nf; r&atmifjzpfaeygNy}D
][kwfNyD}
]tJonfawmh tJ'g bmvkyf&rvJvdkY wynfhawmf q&m
vdkcsifygw,f/ bkef;BuD;ñTefEdkifr,fvdkYvnf; wynfhawmftm½HkrSm
ay:ygw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]tJ'gudk wynfah wmfu f kd ñTeMf um;ay;zdyYk J jzpfygw,fb&k m;}
]uJè'g wumrb0aygh}
][kwfygw,fbk&m;}
]onfvdkqdkvsif OD;Zif;ajymzdkY &Sdawmhwmaygh}
][kwfygw,fbk&m;}
]onfvdkqdkawmh wumrem;axmifyg}
]trdefY&Sdygbk&m;}
]wumrb0udk pNy;D ajymr,f}
]ajymygbk&m;}
]wumr[m ½lyb0udk wnfaqmufrad ewm jzpfw,f}
]tJ'g em;rvnfb;l bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 463
][kww f ,f/ em;rvnfcsiaf e udprö &Sb d ;l / ajympum; em;

axmifzdkYyJ}
]trdefY&Sdygbk&m;}
]wumrqufvyk af ewJh tvkyu f kd &yfvu kd af wmh}
]wumrxifwq hJ D oGm;wJv h rf; r[kwb f ;l ? wumrudk onf
vrf;u 'kua© y;awmh rvdyYk }J
][kwyf ghrvm; bk&m;}
]tvGeNf ird ;f at;a,mif aygufaevdYk tmv,rjywf rjzpfe/YJ
tJonfvrf;[m wumrudk onmysuaf pawmhrmS jzpfw,f}
]tJ'gu b,fvv kd b J &k m;}
]onmysuw f ,fqw kd m ud, k uhf ,kd u
f akd wmif ud, k rf odwhJ
txd trSwaf wG rJu h ek w f myJ}
]tJonfvrf;[m &[EÅmtjzpf rydEYk ikd w f m trSeyf v J m; bk
&m;}
]tJonfvrf;[m vH;k 0-&[EÅmtjzpf ra&mufapEdik w f hJ vrf;
yJ? &yfjypf&pS yf g; a&mufaewJo h xl uJ wpfO;D jzpfwhJ tonowåjA[®
jzpfapwJh vrf;yJ}
]tJ'gqdk wynfhawmfbmvkyf&rSmvJbk&m;}
]wwfEikd v f sif onfvrf;aMumif;Bu;D wpfcv k ;kH udk pGezYf yYkd /J 'g
[m ud, k bhf 0jzpfaevdYk rpGeEYf ikd b f ;l qdv
k sif onfx h uf vGerf oGm;
atmif onfvyk if ef;udk qufrvkyaf wmhbyYkd }J

464 ÓPuxm
]tck wynfhawmf odjrifa[majymaewmawGuaum

bk&m;}
]tJ'g[m ½lypwkwp¬ smef &Ny;D wJah emuf jzpfwwfwhJ pdwpf rG ;f
&nfaygufrv I aYkd c:wJh tbdnmOfwpfrsKd ; &wmyJ jzpfw,f}
]'gudk wynfah wmftaysmufrcHEikd b f ;l bk&m;}
][kwrf mS yJ/ vGev f rJ oGm;csib f ;l ? &SNd y;D om;udk aysmufomG ;wm
vnf; rjzpfcsib f ;l qdv
k sif ud, k phf smefukd aET;,Hak vmufyjJ zpfatmif
ykw;D pdyw
f v hJ yk if ef; tenf;tyg;yJ vkyzf v Ykd rkd ,f/ trsm;tjym; vkyf
vsifawmh vGefwJhbufa&mufoGm;r,f}
]onftjzpfukd ud, k wf ikd jf zpfz;l ovm; bk&m;}
]rjzpfzl;bl;}
]tJ'g b,fvv kd yk o f od vJ bk&m;}
]½lypsmefukd &zl;½Hak vmuf &Sw d ,f? pdwpf rG ;f &nf rxGuzf ;l bl;/
'gayrJh onfu pdwpf rG ;f &nfxu G Ef ikd w
f m odwt hJ xdawmh &Sw
d ,f}
]wynfah wmf bmqufvyk &f rvJ}
]onfpsmefukd usKd ;ysuaf pEdik w f mawGa&SmifNy;D 'gudk wnfNraJ p
Edik w
f mudk aqmif&rSmyJ}
]odygNyDbk&m;}

ÓPuxm 465
63/ rif;uGe;f a&Tjrifwifawmifü rEÅav;rS yGu J awmfa':vSusif

tm; &SiÓ f Pajymaom ylp&mud&k ifqikd pf um;
]wumr avawGu wdu k yf gbdoeJ/Y bk&m;wefaqmif;xJrmS
ykwD;pdyfaewm MumvSacsvm;}
]a&mufEikd cf w J maMumifh a&mufcu kd rf mS vkyaf ewmygbk&m;?}
]aeraumif;jzpfoGm;r,f/ owdvnf;xm;OD;}
]&ygw,fbk&m;}
]wumr OD;Zif;awmifay:a&mufwm 'geJq Y v kd sif oH;k acguf
avmuf &So d mG ;NyaD emf}
][kwfrSmygbk&m;}
]wumru onfwikd ;f yJ rvIyrf &Suf ykw;D tMumBu;D pdyw f m
awGU&w,f}
]a&mufwkef;rdkYyg bk&m;}
]onfavmufqakd wmh wumrvnf; OD;Zif;&if;ES;D aeNyjD zpfvYkd
pum;wpfcak jymrvdYk onf&ifjyifrmS pBueF af vQmufNy;D apmifah ewm}
]bmajymrvdkYvJ bk&m;}
]wpfcak vmuf tvSLcHcsiv f yYkd g}
]bmtvSLcHrmS vJ bk&m;}
]ykwD;vdkcsifvdkYyJ}
]bke;f Bu;D ykw;D pdypf &mr&Sv
d v Ykd m; bk&m;? vSLrSmaygh/ wynfh
awmf0,fNy;D vSLvdu k yf gr,f}
]aps;uykwD;vdkcsifwm r[kwfbl;}

466 ÓPuxm
]b,fu[m vdck siw f mvJ bk&m;}

]wumrpdyaf ewJyh w k ;D vdck siw
f m}
]'gawmh rvkyef b YJ &k m;/ 'gu wynfah wmf *kPaf wmfawG
trsm;BuD;pdyfNyD;om; jzpfvdkYyg}
]tJ'gyJ vdck siwf m}
]bmvkyfzdkYwkef; bk&m;}
][dkta&SUbufu acsmufeufeufxJudk rsufaphrSdwfNyD; ypfcs
csifvdkY}
]trav;èrvkyfygeJY bk&m;? bmjzpfvdkY ypfcscsif&wmvJ
bk&m;}
]wumrwdkYudk 'ku©ay;vGef;vdkY}
]bke;f Bu;D ajymif;jyefjzpfaeNy}D
]b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ}
]onfyw k ;D u wynfah wmfwYkd at;&dyq f m,muav; bk&m;/
wynfhawmfwdkYudk 'ku©ay;wmr[kwfbl;}
]wumr tawG;rSm;aew,f}
]bke;f Bu;D rSm;aewmyg}
]ykw;D u wumrwdu Yk kd b,fvakd t;&dyaf y;vdv
Yk }J
]wynfah wmfwrYkd mS yGpJ m;Bu;D vkyaf ew,fqNkd y;D at;jrcsr;f
omaew,fvYkd rrSwyf geJ}Y
]ajymygOD;}
]vukecf geD;vdYk &p&mawGr&ao;vsif 'gawG &rS&yghrvm;-

ÓPuxm 467
qdw
k mvnf; &ifet YJ jynfh yl&ygw,f}
][kwfuJh}
]ay;p&mawGukd ay;rSay;Edik yf ghrvm;qdw k mvnf; &ifeYJ t
jynfh ylae&wmygyJ}
][kwfrSmygyJ}
]wynfah wmfwrYkd mS u onfvykd pl &mawGeYJ rat;&bl;/ at;
csiv
f sif bk&m;a&SUrSm ykw;D pdyaf e&w,f}
]tJ'g rSm;wmyJ}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]ylp&mawG ylvu kd pf rf;yg}
]cdik ;f raeygeJY bk&m;? ol[ Y mol ylNy;D om;yg}
]ylwm[m pGr;f tm;awGukd xkwaf y;w,f}
]b,fvdkxkwfrSmvJ bk&m;}
]ylawmh &p&m-&atmif aMumifMh updu k f vIy&f mS ;w,f? ay;p
&mvnf; ay;Edik af tmifaygY/ onfvykd J aMumifMh updu k f vIy&f mS ;r,f}
]'gawmh vky&f wmayghb&k m;}
]rylvsif b,fvyk rf vJ}
]rvkyv f rYkd S rjzpfbb J &k m;}
]rjzpfb;l vdYk odwm[m ylwmyJ/ onfyw l mudk azsmufzsuf
rypf&bl;/ 'gudk aysmufysuo f mG ;atmifvyk v f sif at;awmhomG ;vdrhf
r,f}
]bmawGvJ bk&m;}

468 ÓPuxm
]ay;p&m ray;Edik w f meJ?Y &p&m r&wmawGaygh/ tJ'gawGurS

wu,fhrat;p&mawG r[kwfbl;vm;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]'gawGrjzpfatmif ylwmawGukd Nird ;f rypfoifb h ;l / Nird ;f ypfvYkd
rylawmhvsif b0[m usq;kH oGm;cH&vdrrhf ,f}
]'gwifvnf;ruygbl; bk&m;}
]bmawG &Sdao;vdkYvJ}
]om;awGuvnf; vnfywfaeMujyKMueJY ylp&mawGu t
rsm;tjym;yJ}
]ylvukd yf g/ 'gawG tat;r,lygeJ/Y 'gawG[m ud, k vf yk o f ifh
wmudk rarhavsmah tmif vkyaf y;aewmawGy}J
]bke;f Bu;D wdu Yk ylwmrodvYkd tylcikd ;f aewmyJ}
]r[kwb f ;l / tJonfyw l mudk azsmufypfvsif a&mufvmrnfh
tylawGukd BuKd wifojd rifvYkd onftylawGukd azsmufrypfbYkd ajym
wmyJjzpfw,f}
]onfawmh onfvykd yl ifwmudk onftwdik ;f cHae&rSmvm;
bk&m;}
]vufawGUvkyaf qmifreI YJ acszsuyf pf&rSmaygh}
]b,fvv kd yk &f rSmvJ bk&m;}
]om;ylvsif om;udak pmifah &Smuf&rSmaygh/ taMumif;eJt Y usKd ;
eJY em;vnfatmif ajymqdEk ikd zf Ykd BuKd ;pm;&rSmaygh}
]wifygY bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 469
64/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd a&Tjrifawmifü uxdecf if;vmMuaom

a':vSusif ESifh a':wifwifvif; wdkYtm; &SifÓPajymaom
pum;
]bke;f Bu;D udk wpfcak vmuf awmif;yefcsiw f ,f}

]bmudk awmif;yefrSmvJ a':wifwifvif;}
]onfvt kd vSLyGrJ mS onfvw kd &m;rsKd ; ra[mbdyYk gyJb&k m;}
]bmjyKvdkYvJ}
]vSL&Ny;D ukov kd rf &bJaerSmpd;k vdyYk g bk&m;}
]tck tJonfvdkjzpfoGm;NyDvm;}
]wynfah wmfuawmh bke;f Bu;D udv k nf; odaeç MunfnKd aeNy;D
om;qdak wmh bmrSrjzpfygbl;}
]wjcm;olqv kd sif b,fvjkd zpfrmS rdv Yk }J
]vSL&wmukov kd rf &bJ jzpfomG ;rSmyJ}
]b,fvdka[mwmaMumifhvJ}
]bke;f Bu;D u w&m;ra[mcifrmS zGiw hf t
hJ aeeJY y&dwof wfukd
o&P*Hk aqmufwnfapw,f r[kwfvm;}
][kwfom;yJ}
]tJonfrmS bke;f Bu;D u bk&m;?w&m;?oHCm udk ud, k bhf 0&JU
vrf;ñTet f jzpfxm;Ny;D o&P*Hk aqmufwnfMuzdYk tav;teuf
ajymw,f}
]tJ'g bmjyKvv Ykd }J

470 ÓPuxm
]tJ'g aumif;ygw,f? 'gayrJY bk&m;}

]qufajymygOD;}
]bkef;BuD; onfavmufrubl;? 'kwd,tBudrf o&P*Hkay;
Ny;D awmh qufajymw,f}
]tJonfrmS bmygvdv Yk }J
]bk&m;? w&m;? oHCmuvGNJ y;D ud;k uG,v f sif o&P*Hyk suf
w,f/ bd;k awmfawG? r,fawmfawG ud;k uG,rf w d mawG rjzpfMu&bl;?
onfpw d "f mwfeYJ wwd,o&P*Hu k kd ,lMuvdYk ygw,f}
][kwfw,favAsm}
]onfvkd rajymygeJY bke;f Bu;D bk&m;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]ajymvsif t&SnBf u;D yJ}
]ajymygOD;}
]wynfah wmfwu Ykd uxdew f &m;emNy;D wJh tcktcsed [f m b,f
tcsdefa&mufaeNyDvJ bk&m;}
]bmqdkifovJ}
]tck wefaqmifrek ;f vjynfn h ud;k em&Dausmaf eNyrD [kwvf m;
bk&m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvjkd zpfwm wynfah wmfwu Ykd naerSa&mufvyYkd }J
][kwfwmaygh}

ÓPuxm 471
]onfvdk aemufusrSa&mufwm[m reufusrS onfudk

onfvv kd mzdYk jyif&vdyYk g}
][kwfrSmyg}
]onfvkd reufrmS rS aejrifrh S tpDtpOfrjhJ yif&vdYk tckavmuf
aeMuwmyJ}
][kwfNyD}
]onftaMumif; wynfhawmfajymr,fbk&m;}
]ajymyg}
]wynfhawmf nutdyfrufrufw,f}
]b,fvdkrufwmvJ}
]bdk;bkd;atmifay:vmw,f}
]bmajymvJ}
]rif;uGe;f a&Tjrifwifbek ;f Bu;D uxderf &ao;bl;/ tJ'g oGm;
cif;ygvm;vdkYyJ}
][mAsm}
]tJ'g wu,fy}J
][kwfrSmyg}
]wynfhawmfu jyefajymvdkufw,f}
]b,fvdkajymwmvJ}
]bd;k bd;k aumif;ygNyv
D yYkd g/ aemufawmh Ed;k vmw,f}
][kwfNyD}

472 ÓPuxm
]Ed;k vmawmh wynfah wmf&UJ pdwx f rJ mS wu,fvm;? xif

a,mif0dk;w0g;vm;vdkY pdwfrSmjzpfw,f}
][kwfrSmyJ}
]'geJY t"d|mefwpfcv k yk Nf y;D bd;k bd;k qD awmif;qdv k u
kd w
f ,f}
]bmawmif;wmvJ}
]bd;k bd;k cdik ;f wm wu,f[w k v
f sif onfx h ufxif&mS ;atmif
ajymay;ygvdkYyJ}
]onfawmh bmjzpfvJ}
]reufusawmh rvSusifvmw,f}
]bmajymvJ}
]a½Tjrifwifawmif uxderf &ao;bl;od&w,fvYkd ajymw,f}
]'g[m taMumif;rJv h majymwmrS r[kwb f J olMum;vdYk oGm;
cif;csiv
f Ykd vmwdik yf ifwm aerSmaygh}
][kwyf gw,f? 'gayrJ-Y }
]bmvJAsm}
]olomG ;csif oGm;½kyH ?J wynfah wmfukd bmaMumifh vmajym
ae&ovJ}
]wdkufqdkifrIaygh}
]'gèonfvakd jymvdYk r&bl;}
]b,fu bd;k bd;k atmifu vm&rSmvJ}
]bke;f Bu;D u rodb;l yJ}
]bmudkvJ}

ÓPuxm 473
]bdk;bdk;atmif wu,f&Sdwmudk}
]vlwpfa,muf onfavmuftMumBu;D wnf&v
dS Ykd jzpfrvm;
As}
]olwu Ykd omrefvrl [kwb f ;l bk&m;}
]bmvJAsm}
]0dZÆmaygh}
]0dZmÆ qdw k m todynm&Siv f Ykd t"dygÜ ,f&w,f? todynm&Sif
[m wpfa,mufqdk wpfa,muf ay:aygufvsif vlawGtusdK;rsm;
Muw,f}
][kwfwmayghbk&m;}
]tJonfbdk;bdk;atmifaMumifh vlawGrSm&wJhtusdK; ajymprf;
ygOD;? vlawGrmS &Sad ewJh onfuaeYxd vkyu f ikd af eorQawGxrJ mS bd;k
bd;k atmif&UJ ynmqdw k m wpfreI w f pfrmT ;uav;awmif jyp&m r&Sd
bl;/ ynm&Sq d w kd m onfvrkd jzpf&bl;/ ol[m vlxrJ mS xl;jrwfwv hJ l
jzpfw,fqv kd sif ol&Y UJ ajc&mawGvuf&mawG[m vlawGwikd ;f qDrmS
ruif;Edik af tmif jzpfaezdYk vdw k ,f/ bd;k bd;k atmif omoemawmfukd
MunfnKd vu kd w f mwJ/h Armjynfukd t*Fvyd t f pd;k & tmPmodr;f w,f/
olwdkY[m rdpäm'd|dawGvdkY vlwdkif;odMuw,f/ rdpäm'd|dawGudk bdk;bdk;
atmif[m bmjzpfvYkd t0ifc&H ovJ/ tppawG pOf;pm;Munfv h sif
odEdkifw,f}
]wynfah wmfu rsuaf pheYJ wyftyfjrifz;l wm}
]tJ'gqdv k sif bd;k bd;k atmif rvmeJv Y aYkd jym}

474 ÓPuxm
]bmjzpfvdkYvJbk&m;}
]tJ'g[m wumr&JU tm½Hjk rifyjJ zpfw,f/ tm½Hjk rif[m "mwf
pGrf;tm;enf;ao;vdkY vkyfae&wmyJ}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]ucsi?f u&ifawG&UJ ½d;k &mynmawGqw kd m &Sw d ,f/ 0g;rD;zkwf
wmwd?Yk Muuf½;kd xd;k wm wdaYk ygh}
]tJ'gu bmjzpfvv Ykd }J
]ewfq&mu olpw d pf rG ;f &nfeYJ olow d myJ/ tJ'gudk 0g;rD;zkwf
vdu k v
f Ykd xGuv f mwJh tcd;k u olu Y odP
k ;f tm½Hrk yI /J 'gudk b,fou l rS
bmrSjywm r[kwb f ;l / 'gayrJY tJ'gawGrygvsif rNy;D bl; jzpfae
w,f/ pdw[ f m tm;r&Sad o;vsif tm½H½k yk w f pfcck u k kd ,lwwfw,f/
wumr&JU bd;k bd;k atmif[m wumrpdwu f ,lxm;wJh tm½H½k yk w f pfck
yJ jzpfw,f/ wu,hb f ;kd bd;k atmif[m avmuxJrmS &Sad ewm r[kwf
bl;/ 'gaMumifh bd;k bd;k atmifrvmeJY ajymvTwzf Ykd BuKd ;pm;oifw h ,f}
]rvkyyf geJY bk&m;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]wynfhawmf xrif;tdk;uav; uGJaeygOD;r,f}
]wumr pum;yHw k pfck Mum;zl;vm;}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]aMumufvsifvGJ? &Jvsifrif;jzpfw,f-qdkwmyJ}
]vGcJ grSvaJG &m aMumufygw,fb&k m;}
]'gjzifvh nf; vGaJ eaygh}

ÓPuxm 475
]rwwfEikd b f ;l bk&m;}
]'gudrk ausmEf ikd v
f sif OD;Zif;wdu Yk kd ay;vSLae&ayrJY OD;Zif;wdYk
tem; a&mufvmEdik rf mS r[kwb f ;l yJ}
]NyD;awmh onfxuf csrf;omvGwfvyfatmifvnf; rwwf
Edik b
f ;l jzpfvrd rhf ,f}
]aemifryS J BuKd ;pm;Edik af umif;yg&JUbk&m;/ tckawmh aMumuf
ygw,f}

476 ÓPuxm
65/ rEÅav;-jrpfBu;D em; tqef&xm;tdycf ef;xJü jrpfBu;D em;rS

c&pf,mefOD;aumif;pHtm; &SifÓPajymaom
ay;wdkif;raumif;pum;
]&xm;bD; pvSrd Nhf yaD emf}
][kww f ,f? pxGuNf y}D
]wumBuD;u b,foGm;rvdkYvJ}
]jrpfBu;D em;udyk g/ wynfah wmfu c&pf,mefyg}
]aMomfèc&pfawmf[m av;pm;p&maumif;wJh yk*Kd¾ vyf /J c&pf
awmftaMumif; zwf&zl;ygw,f}
]tdyaf ewJh q&mawmfawGeYJ twlvmwmvm;}
][kwfygw,f/ cifAsm;cHkrSm q&mawmfBuD;u oHk;q,fay;
q&mawmfBu;D vdYk ac:ygw,f/ onfbufu q&mawmfu 'dyG #d u
"&q&mawmf t&Siyf nmomrd qdw k myg}
]b,f<uMurvdkYvJ}
]rd;k n§i;f txd wifygyJ/ jrpfBu;D em;vnf; a&mufO;D rSmyg}
]wynfah wmftrd u f jrpfBu;D em;rSmyg/ jrpfBu;D em;a&mufvsif
vnf; wynfah wmftrd u f kd 0ifyg}
]aus;Zl;yJAsm}
]bmudpö <uvmMuwmvJ}
]a'oEÅ&c&D;oufoufygyJ/ oHk;q,fay;q&mawmfBuD;u
ucsijf ynfe,fbuf ra&mufb;l vdyYk gyJ}
]aumif;w,f bk&m;? vmcJMh uyg}

ÓPuxm 477
]jrpfBuD;em;ZmwdyJvm;}
]wynfah wmfu rEÅav;Zmwdyg}
]'gaMumifh pum;ajymaumif;wmud;k }
]t½Sib f &k m;wdYk Ak'b
¨ ek ;f Bu;D awG tawmfvw G v f yfwmyJ}
]rsm;wJah e&mqdak wmh onfvjkd rif&wmvnf; jzpfrmS yg}
][kwyf gw,f/ c&pf,mefbek ;f Bu;D uawmh ArmjynfrmS t
enf;tyg;yJ&Sdwmr[kwfvm;}
]onfbufrSmawmh enf;enf;ydkrsm;r,faemf}
][kwyf gw,f/ wynfah wmfu txufArmjynf c&pf,mef
toif; Ouú|yg}
]'gqdkawmh tawmfyJ/ c&pf,mefawGtaMumif; OD;Zif;wdkY
odoifw h ,f xifwmuav;awG ajymprf;yg}
]txl;awmh rajymwwfygbl;}
]c&pf,mefyÍÆi;f cHwmawG ½ky&f iS x f rJ mS Munfzh ;l w,f/ tav;
teufyJaemf}
][kwfygw,f}
]c&pf,mefbek ;f Bu;D A[dt k pnf;ta0;awG bmawGvnf;
vkyrf mS yJ xifw,f}
]vkyfygw,f}
]tJonfrSm b,fvdkawGajymMurvJ}
]tenf;tyg;od&wmawmh taqmufttHek YJ t0wftqif
awGrmS a'ou bmoma&;qdik &f m taqmufttHek YJ t0wftqif

478 ÓPuxm
vdYk owfrw
S Ef ikd wf m&Srd ,fqv kd sif tJonftwdik ;f vdu k Nf y;D aqmufvyk f
0wfqifEdkifMuzdkYqdkwmrsdK;awG qHk;jzwfw,fod&w,f}
]a'ocHawGu olawmfpif[m t0ga&mif0wfoifw h ,f qdk
vsif 0wfciG &hf wdS ,f qdw k mrsKd ;aygh}
][kwfygw,f}
]aumif;om;yJ/ bmrSawmh rajymif;vJMubl; xifygw,f}
][kww f ,f/ tajymif;tvJ r&SMd uygbl;}
]taqmufttHkvnf; onfvdkyJaemf}
][kwyf gw,f? odyv f nf;rrsm;bl; r[kwv f m;}
][kwyf gw,f? c&pf,mefbek ;f Bu;D awG[m rrsm;ayrJY tvkyf
awmh tawmfvkyfMuwJhyHk &Sdw,f}
][kwfw,f? usef;rma&;? ynma&;? tppbufpHkyJ aqmif
&GuMf uw,f? t½Sib f &k m;wdYk Ak'b
¨ mombke;f Bu;D awGvnf; onfvykd J
vkyMf uvsif ydrk w kd ;kd wufp&m&Srd mS yJ}
]Ak'b¨ momu tJonfvv kd yk w
f mudk taumif;vdrYk jrifb;l }
]aumif;w,fr[kwfvm; bk&m;}
]bmomwpfcek w YJ pfc[ k m taumif;owfrw S w f mcsi;f rwl
Mubl;}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]yHkpHtm;jzifh ocFsmbmomeJY tEkynmbmomqdkMuygpdkY?
ocFsmu wdusaocsmwmudk taumif;vdo Yk wfrwS rf mS aemf/tEkynm
u cHpm;rIay;Edik w f mudk taumif;vdo Yk wfrw
S vf rd rhf ,f}

ÓPuxm 479
]vlawGukd ulnw D muawmh c&pf,efa&m Ak'b ¨ momuyg

taumif;vdkY owfrSwfrSmcsnf; r[kwfygvm;bk&m;}
]tif; tJ'gvnf; enf;enf; jcm;em;csu&f w dS myJ}
]yHkpHxkwfMunfh&atmif}
]xkwfygbk&m;}
]ud, k vhf mNy;D xrif;awmif;aewJv h l wpfa,mufukd ay;vdu k f
wmudk c&pf,mefu b,fvakd jymrvJ}
]aumif;w,fajymrSmaygY bk&m;}
]Ak'b ¨ ek ;f Bu;D u raumif;bl;ajym&p&m &Sw d ,f}
]onfvakd jymvsif rSeyf gYrvm;}
]wGufMunfh&atmif}
]wGuyf g bk&m;}
]xrif;vmawmif;olukd xrif;ay;vdu k wf m[m xrif;pm;&
oGm;atmif ulnv D u
kd o
f vdjk zpfvYkd aumif;ovdx k if&ayrJY xrif;pm;
csiv
f sif oGm;awmif;½Hyk v J Ykd wpfbufou l kd rSwcf suu f swmrsKd ;aum
rjzpfapEkdifbl;vm;}
]jzpfcsif jzpfEikd w f mygyJ}
]onfvdkjzpfvsif awmif;vmoludk ay;wm[mulnDvdkY
aumif;ayrJY wpfbufou l kd olawmif;pm;pdwf oGi;f ay;ovdjk zpfvYkd
aumif;w,fajymvdYk &yghrvm;}
]onfvakd wG;awmhvnf; wpfrsKd ;aygh}

480 ÓPuxm
]ray;wmvnf; raumif;bl;/ ay;wmvnf; raumif;bl;

vdYk jzpfomG ;w,f}
]onfawmh bke;f Bu;D wdu Yk awmif;vmolukd b,fvv kd yk rf vJ}
]ay;zdYk oifçh roifh Munf&h rSmyJ}
]oifçh roifu h kd bmeJq Y ;kH jzwfrmS vJ}
]ay;zdw Yk m0ef&çdS r&Sed YJ qH;k jzwf&rSmaygh}
]wm0ef&Sdw,fqdkwm b,fvdkvJ}
]ud,k ef w YJ uG tm;vH;k twGuf tvkyv f yk af eoljzpfvsif tJ
onfvu l kd wwftm;orQ ay;zdYk wm0ef&w dS maygh}
]onfvdkr[kwfvsif r&Sdbl;vm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f? olvdktyfaewmu udk,feJYjzpfjzpf? tm;vHk;eJYjzpf
jzpf bmrSrywfouf? rqufE, T b f ;l qdv
k sif wm0efr&Sb d ;l aygh}
]onfvq kd akd wmh tJonfou l awmif;wmudk armif;xkwf
&rvm;}
]armif;xkwzf Ykd raumif;ygbl;}
]b,fvdkvkyf&rvJ}
]olvyk Ef ikd af vmufwhJ tvkyw f pfcck u
k kd olvyk zf Ykd ay;oifyh g
w,f}
]tpm;vdkcsifoludk tvkyfay;&ovm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]tpm;[m tvkyef v YJ v J , S &f w,fqw kd m oifMum;ay;&if;

ÓPuxm 481
olu
Y kd tpmay;wmjzpfvYkd ygyJ}
]onfvdkay;wmu ay;wmrSr[kwfbJ}
]b,fvdkjzpfvdkYvJ}
]vJv, S wf m jzpfvaYkd ygh}
]avmuBu;D rSm vJv, S w f mrygbJ ay;w,fqw kd m&Sv
d sif jy
prf;ygOD;}
]wynfah wmfwYkd c&pf,mefawGay;wm[m vJv, S w
f m b,f
vdkygovJ}
]bk&m;ocif&UJ rsuEf mS &rIeYJ tvJtvS,rf &Sb
d ;l vm;/ pOf;pm;
Munfhaygh}
]Ak'b
¨ momZmwfeyd gwfawGxu J ay;wmawGvnf; onfvkd
yJvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]enf;enf;avmuf jyprf;ygOD;}
]a0óEÅ&mrif;Bu;D [m om;awG? r,m;awGay;qdk r[kwf
vm;}
][kwfygw,f? olb,fvdkay;ovJ}
]oAÁnKwÓPó ypöa,m a[mwk-yJ}
]t"dyÜg,fu}
]tm;vH;k odwÓhJ Pf&UJ taxmuftyHh jzpfygapaygh}
]ay;MuwmawGtm;vHk;[m onfvdkawGcsnf;yJvm;}
]onfvdkr[kwfwm enf;enf;yJ&Sdr,f}

482 ÓPuxm
]tJonfvdkay;wm b,folvJ}
]vltawGyJ? ]aZmufrSef;? urf;rSef;qdkwm rodolawG}-vdkY
ajym&rSmaygh}
]ay;wm&JU tusKd ;tjrwfukd rjrifoal wGaygh}
][kwyf gw,f? ray;wwfbaJ y;awmh ay;olom epfemwm
r[kwbf J ,lov l nf; epfemw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
],lo[ l m tvum; ,laumif;ç&aumif;w,fqw kd hJ tawG;
tjrifrsKd ; 0ifwmaygh/ onfpw d "f mwf[m &,lou l kd twdik ;f rod epf
emapEdkifwmyJ}
]ay;wwfo&l UJ ay;wm &,lou l awmh wefz;kd ay;&awmh odyf
raumif;ovdk jzpfrvm;yJ}
]rjzpfygbl;? olvnf; tusKd ;rsm;ygw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]xrif;oGm;awmif;wmrSm ud, k w
f wfEidk w
f w hJ efz;kd ay;cJ&h
awmh xrif;[m wefz;kd ay;vsi&f wmyJvYkd pdwv f v kH ufvkH jzpfomG ;
wmaygh}
]aemufpm;zdkYtwGuf vrf;odoGm;w,f qdkvdkwmvm;}
][kww f ,f/ xrif;wpfxyfpm;zdYk oGm;awmif;wmrSm xrif;
txyfxyfpm;&zdYk enf;vrf;ud&k vdu k of vdk jzpfomG ;awmh xrif;pm;
& enf;vrf;udk odoGm;vdkYaygh}
]ESpfOD;ESpfbufaumif;wmaygh}

ÓPuxm 483
66/ ucsijf ynfe,f? jrpfBu;D em;èrEÅav;tpkerf ;D &xm;tdycf ef;?

rd;k aumif;NrKd UrS tdycf ef;xJygvmaom w½kwv
f il ,fwpfO;D tm;
&SifÓPajymaom &wemokH;yg;aus;Zl;pum;
]wumu rdk;aumif;NrdKUuyJvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]wumwdkY rdk;aumif;NrdKUu ESpfwpfaxmifjynfhyGJBuD;vkyfzdkY
aMumfjimxm;w,faemf}
][kww f ,f/ tJonfyrJG mS uReaf wmfvnf; bke;f Bu;D abmif
cPwufr,f/ uReaf wmfh rde;f ru wdu k wf eG ;f w,f}
]aMomfèat;}
]bkef;BuD;wdkYu b,fuvJ}
]rEÅav;wpfbufurf; rif;uGef;t&yfuyJ}
]uReaf wmfrY ed ;f ruvnf; rEÅav;uyJ}
]tck wumb,foGm;rvJ}
]rEÅav; ukeo f mG ;0,fr,f?tdru f ta&mif;t0,fvyk w
f ,f}
]onfvrf;uawmh odyu f Rr;f rSmayghaemf}
][kwyf gw,f? a&SUublwm[m ebm;blwmyJ/ tJonfrmS
npm pm;Mur,f}
]onfnpmudk bke;f Bu;D wdt Yk wGuf wm0ef,yl g&ap}
]aus;Zl;yJ/ 'gayrJY wdb Yk ek ;f Bu;D awG[m nbufrmS xrif;
rpm;Mu&bl;}

484 ÓPuxm
]aMomfèrodvyYkd g/ onfvq kd kd vÇu&f nfvu kd af omufyg/ vÇuf

&nfwdkufyg&ap}
]tJ'gvnf; aus;Zl;wifygw,f/ 'gayrJY vÇuf&nfvnf;
bke;f Bu;D awGu nbufrmS raomufMu&bl;}
][ifè&xm;&yfNy?D xrif;pm; qif;r,f}
]at;èoGm;pm;? oGm;pm;}
_____________________________________
(jyefvmonfhtcg)
]bke;f Bu;D wdpYk m;zdYk oysu, f b kd ;l awG ,lvmcJw h ,f/ pm;Muyg}
][mètJ'gawGvnf; wdb Yk ek ;f Bu;D awG nbufrmS rpm;&bl;/
reufusrpS m;r,f? pm;yGaJ y:rSmyJ xm;vdu k yf g}
]azmufNy;D om;bl;awGu reufxm;vdYk raumif;bl;/ reuf
rSmpm;zdYk bl;topfawG qif;,lvu kd Of ;D rSy}J
]roGm;ygeJY}
(qGJxm;vnf;r&bJqif;oGm;)
____________________________________
]reufusawmh onfb;l awGukd azmufpm;yg}
]wumu aMumifMh uawGpu kd v f u kd wf m/ ydu k qf t H awmfuek f
oGm;a&mhr,f}
]&ygw,f}
]wumu onfvakd MumifMh updu k v f eG ;f awmh wdu Yk wumudk
pum;enf;enf; ajym&r,f/ em;axmifrvm;}

ÓPuxm 485
]em;axmifygr,f}
]tJ'gqdv k sif xdik v f u
kd }f
]ajymyg}
]wumu wdu Yk kd tckvakd y;vSLwm b,fvt kd usKd ;odvvYkd }J
]'guawmh teaEÅmteEÅaus;Zl;aygh}
]aMomfèat;? 'gudk enf;enf;cGMJ unfrh ,f}
]cGyJ g}
]teEÅig;yg;&Sw d ,fvYkd od&w,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJonfxrJ mS rdbESiq hf &mqdw
k hJ teEÅEpS yf g;uawmh aus;Zl;
&Sw
d m xif&mS ;w,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]auR;arG;vmcJw h mawG? oifMum;jyowmawGaygh [kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]usew f hJ teEÅjzpfwhJ bk&m;?w&m;?oHCmu b,fvakd us;Zl;
&Swd mvJ? tJ'g b,fvo kd ad eovJ}
]aMomfè'guawmh aemifb0aus;Zl;aygh}
]wum onfvakd jymr,fvYkd xifygw,f? 'gudak y:vGiaf tmif
ar;vdkufwmyg}
]'gèrrSefvdkYvm;}
]rrSeb f ;l ajymvdYk b,fjzpfrvJ}
]rSefw,faygY}

486 ÓPuxm
]rSefw,fajymvdkYvnf; b,fjzpfrvJ}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]bmrSajymvdrYk jzpfwhJ pum;yJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]tJonftajzu enf;enf;usyfygw,f}
]bmaMumifhvJ}
]wumud, k wf ikd f rodwm jzpfvyYkd }J
]bmudk rodwmvJ}
]'gèrSew
f ,fçrSm;w,f qdw k mudak ygh}
]bmaMumifh rodb;l ajymovJ}
]oufaojyp&m r&Sv d aYkd ygh}
]onfvdkvm;}
]oufaor&SdwJhpum; w&m;0ifyghrvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]w&m;r0ifwJhpum;[m ajym&rnfhpum; [kwfyghrvm;}
]onfvdkqdkvsif bk&m;? w&m;? oHCmeJYpyfNyD; aus;Zl;udk
b,fvakd jym&rvJ bk&m;}
]'guawmh b,fvakd us;Zl;&So d vJoad tmif Munf&h rSmaygh}
]tJ'g Munfjh yygOD;}
]wum t&ufaomufw,fr[kwfvm;}
]aomufygw,f}

ÓPuxm 487
]wum&JU rdbeJYq&morm;awGu t&ufaomufwmudk

tm;ay;Muovm;? qefYusifMuovm;}
]qefYusifMuygw,f}
]onfvdkjzpfvsufeJY wumu aomufw,fqdkawmh tJonf
udpuö kd rdbeJq Y &morm;awG[m rEdik b f ;l vdYk rajymxdu k b
f ;l vm;}
]ajym&rSmyg}
]ud, k [hf mud, k af um aomufwmaumif;w,f xifovm;?
raomufbJaevsif aumif;w,fxifovm;}
]raomufbJaevsif aumif;w,fvdkYawmh xifygw,f}
]xifayrJv Y nf; aomufwmudk rwm;wwfb;l r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvkd rdbq&mvnf;rEdik w f ?hJ ud,
k [hf mud, k v
f nf;rEdik wf hJ
udpaö wG vlrmS &Sw d wfw,f/ tJ'gudk vluwm;csiaf yrJY rwm;Edik b f ;l }
][kwfygw,f}
]tJ'gudk bmomw&m;u vlt Y odÓPfujkd ri§ ahf y;Ny;D wm;Edik f
atmif vkyfay;Edkifw,f? onfawmh bmomw&m;[m aus;Zl;r&Sd
bl;vm;}
]&Sdygw,f}
]bk&m;qdw k m tJonfvw kd &m;udk azmfxw k af y;oly?J oHCm
qdw
k m tJonfvw kd &m;udk jzefcY sad y;oly?J tJ'gaMumifh aus;Zl;&Sw d myJ}
]em;vnfygNyD}

488 ÓPuxm
]rdbçq&mrEdik w f hJ tjcm;udpaö wGvnf; &Sad o;w,faemf}

][kwfygw,f? &Sdygw,f}
]tJ'gawGukd ud, k v f nf;rEdik b f ;l / tJ'gawGukd rEdik v
f sif ud,
k hf
rSm tusKd ;vnf;enf;rSm jzpfw,f/ tJ'gawGaum r&Sb d ;l vm;}
]&Sdygw,f}
]tJ'gawGuEkd ikd zf Ykd ud,
k yf ikd t
f odÓPfay:vmatmif bk&m;?
w&m;? oHCmu tultnDay;w,f/ tJ'gawG[m bk&m;? w&m;?
oHCm&JU aus;Zl;awG jzpfw,f}
]em;vnfygNyD bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm[m aemifb0aus;Zl;vkYd
ajymwm rSm;ygw,f}

ÓPuxm 489
67/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd ? r*¾iaf csmif? awmifq&mBu;D Z&yfü

q&mBu;D a':cifvt S m; &SiÓ f Pajymaom
onfb0twGufpum;
]bke;f Bu;D OD;ÓP[m bke;f Bu;D OD;pE´rd m <uvmrSyJ wynfh

awmfwYkd Z&yfay: <uawmhw,f}
]qGr;f cHzu Ykd pd w ö Ykd bmwdu
Yk vnf; &Sad evdyYk g}
][kwrf mS yg bk&m;}
]bke;f Bu;D OD;pE´rd mu i,fi,fuwnf;u rdwaf qGjzpfawmh
awGUwke;f vma&mufEw I q f uf&wmyg}
][kwyf g&JUbk&m;? tckvakd wGUwke;f rSm ESpyf g;twl onfrmS yJ
qGr;f bkO;f ay;oGm;yg bk&m;}
]aumif;NyD 'umrBu;D }
]bke;f Bu;D wdcYk si;f pum;ajymp&m&Sw d m ajymMuygOD; bk&m;?
wynfah wmfu wynfah wGukd qGr;f csuzf Ykd ajymvdu k yf gOD;r,f}
]rvkyef YJ 'umrBu;D / OD;Zif;oydwrf mS vnf; qGr;f tenf;t
usO;f ygaeNy}D
]onfvq kd v kd sif a&Tjrifwifbek ;f Bu;D udk wynfah wmfwpfck
avmuf avQmufcsifygw,f}
]bmvJ 'umrBu;D }
]'umrBu;D udk w&m;enf;enf; a[may;zdyYk gbk&m;}
]OD;Zif;qD w&m;rawmif;ygeJY 'umrBu;D }

490 ÓPuxm
]'umrBu;D wdu Yk akd [mzdYk OD;Zif;wdq
Yk rD mS w&m;r&Syd gbl;}
]bkef;BuD;wdkYu txl;wvnf w&m;awG usifhaeMuwmyJ
r[kwfvm;}
][kwyf gw,f? OD;Zif;wdYk w&m;usiahf ewmygyJ/ 'gayrJ-Y }
]tJ'gyJa[maygh bk&m;}
]tJ'gu a[mvdrYk jzpfb;l }
]OD;Zif;wdu
Yk siw hf w hJ &m;u b0rSmb,fvakd evsif Nird ;f at;
rvJ-qdw k muav; avmufyJ jzpfygw,f}
]tJ'gyJa[maygh bk&m;}
]'gu 'umrBu;D eJY rywfoufawmhb;l r[kwv f m;}
]'umrBu;D wdu Yk onfb0rSmNird ;f Ny;D om;? at;Ny;D om;jzpfae
vdYk onfb0twGuf bmrSr&Smawmhb;l / aemifb0twGuyf J &SmaeNyD
r[kwyf gvm;/ OD;Zif;wdu Yk aemifb0qdw k m b,fqaD erSe;f awmif
rodao;bl;/ onfb0twGuyf J vkyaf eolawGy}J
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]tJ'gaMumifh 'umrBuD;wdkYtwGuf bmrSa[mp&mr&Sdbl;
ajymcJhwmyJ}
]onfb0twGuf bke;f Bu;D &SmyHyk J a[mygbk&m;}
]tJ'g emrSmvm;}

ÓPuxm 491
]emrSmayghbk&m;}
]uJè'gqdk em;axmif}
]a[mèbk&m;}
]OD;Zif;awmifay:rSm bk&m;wefaqmif;Bu;D vnf; &Sw d ,f}
]wifygY bk&m;}
]ausmufwkH;ausmufcJBuD;awGvnf; ½Sdw,f}
]wifygY bk&m;}
]refusnf;yifBuD;awGvnf; &Sdw,f}
]wifygY bk&m;}
]tJ'gawGukd tJ'gawGtwdik ;f jrifatmifMunfw h myJ}
]b,fvdkvJbk&m;}
]bk&m;wefaqmif;udk bk&m;wefaqmif;Bu;D vdYk jrifatmif
Munfw h ,f?ausmufw;kH Bu;D awG?refusn;f yifBu;D awGuv kd nf; ausmuf
wH;k Bu;D awG? refusn;f yifBu;D awGvYkd jrifatmif Munfw h maygh}
]bke;f Bu;D 'umrBu;D udk ajymifp&mrSwo f vm;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvnf; 'umrBuD;}
]refusn;f yifukd refusn;f yifvjYkd rifatmif Munhaf ep&mvm;}
]refusn;f yifukd refusn;f yifvYkd wumrBu;D wdu Yk ryGm;rsm;
bJ jrifvdkYvm;}
]refusn;f yify?J wrmyifvYkd bke;f Bu;D ujrifvv Ykd m;}
]onfvdkawmh rjrifygbl;}
]'gqdv k sif refusn;f yifvjYkd rifatmif yGm;rsm;p&mbmvdo k vJ}

492 ÓPuxm
]'umrBu;D wdu Yk ÓPfaumif;w,few YJ w l ,f? refusn;f yif

udk refusn;f yifvjYkd rifatmif yGm;rsm;aezdYk bmvdo k vJvaYkd jymw,f?
'umrBuD;wdkYu awmfwmyJ]
]bmawmfvdkYvJ bk&m;}
]refusn;f yifukd refusn;f yifvYkd jrifvsif aMumufp&m uGm
wmyJ/ 'umrBu;D wdu Yk aMumufp&mvnf; aMumufrmS r[kwaf wmY
bl;aygh}
]b,fvkd aMumufp&m uGmrSmvJ? 'umrBu;D wdYk aMumufwwf
ygw,f/ a&TjrifawmifrSm wpfa,mufwnf;ae0HhvdkY bkef;BuD;udk
awmif cs;D rGr;f ae&wmyg}
]refusnf;yif[m wu,fawmh aeYçnra&G; refusnf;yifyJ
jzpfw,f}
][kww f maygh bk&m;}
]vl&çdS vlr&Sd refusn;f yifyjJ zpfw,f}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]'gayr,fhAsm-}
]bmjzpfvJ bk&m;}
]vlr&Sb d J wdwaf ewJn h tcgrSm refusn;f yif[m refusn;f
yiftjzpf raecsib f ;l }
]bmjzpfvmvdv Yk J bk&m;}
]refusn;f yifet YJ wl wpHwk &mBu;D &Sad eovdk xifjrifvm
w,f}

ÓPuxm 493
]bmvJ bk&m;}
]½ku©pdk;BuD;? o&JwapäBuD;aygh}
]tr,fav;? aMumufp&mBu;D bk&m;}
][kww f ,f? refusn;f yifay:u qif;vmawmhrmS vdv k kd jzpf
vmw,f}
]aMumufygw,f bk&m;}
]wu,fawmh refusn;f yif[m refusn;f yifyjJ zpf&r,f r
[kwfvm;}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]b,favmufww d wf wd ?f b,favmufarSmifarSmif refusn;f
yifu refusn;f yifyJ jzpf&rSmr[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]bk&m;wefaqmif;Bu;D uvnf; onfvykd ?J [dv k jkd zpfcsif onf
vdkjzpfcsifw,f}
][kwrf mS yg bk&m;}
]wu,fu jzpfEdkifrSmvm;}
]rjzpf&bl;aygY bk&m;}
]ausmufw;kH ausmufcBJ u;D awGvnf; onfvykd ?J bmrSrajymif;
vJypf&bl;yJ r[kwv f m;}
]rajymif;vJ&rSmyJaygY bk&m;}
]'gayrJY ajymif;vJNy;D jrifcsiw
f ,f}
][kwfrSmygyJ}

494 ÓPuxm
]jrifvsif raMumufaybl;vm;}
]aMumufrmS aygY bk&m;}
]jrifNy;D rS? r[kwb f ;l ajzvdYk &ygYrvm;}
]rvG,b f ;l aygY bk&m;}
]onfawmh ajymif;vJNy;D rjrifru D wnf;u ajymif;vJrjrif
atmif refusn;f yif[m refusn;f yifyv J Ykd ryGm;rsm;oifb
h ;l vm;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;? yGm;rsm;oifyh gw,f}
]'gèOD;Zif;yGm;wJh w&m;yJ? 'gè atmifjrifomG ;vsif at;csr;f
aysmaf rGUoGm;wmyJ/ onfvjkd zpfvsif vkypf &m&Sw d m olzY mom vkyf
oGm;NyDaygY}
]aus;Zl;wifygw,f bk&m;? om"kyg}

ÓPuxm 495

q&mBu;D a':cifvtS m; &SiÓ f Pajymaom qGr;f cHr<upum;
]bke;f Bu;D raeYu b,foq l rG ;f vmuyfygovJ}

]b,folrS ruyfygbl;}
]ausmif;rSm raeYu b,fo&l v dS v Ykd J bk&m;}
]b,forl S r&Syd gbl;}
]bke;f Bu;D raeYu ausmif;rSm&S&d UJ vm; bk&m;}
]&Sdygw,f}
]raeYu bkef;BuD; qGrf;cHr<ubl;aemf}
][kwfygw,f rqif;bl;}
]bke;f Bu;D bmbkO;f ay;aevJ}
]wpfaeUwpfavyJ rpm;bJaevdu k w f maygh 'umrBu;D }
]aeraumif;vdv Yk m; bk&m;}
]aumif;ygw,f}
]tr,fav;? qmrSmaygh}
][kwu f ?hJ qmawmh qmygw,f}
][J-h [Jh rdjA[®wYkd bke;f Bu;D udk qGr;f uyfMuprf;ygOD;/ bke;f Bu;D
raeYu qGr;f rpm;&bl;/ raeYu bke;f Bu;D ormywf0ifpm;aewm/
uyfMu[Jh uyfMu}
]rvkyfygeJY 'umrBuD;/ OD;Zif;u bm-eda&m"ormywfrS
0ifpm;aewm r[kwyf gbl;}

496 ÓPuxm
]'gjzifèh bmjzpfvYkd qGr;f rpm;wmvJ bk&m;}

]ysif;vdkY}
]bmèbk&m;}
]rd;k awGu &Gmaew,fAsm}
]bmjzpfvJ bk&m;? rd;k &GmwmyJ}
]apmapm&Gmvsif enf;enf;aejrifrh S qGr;f cHqif;vdu k w
f ,f/
aejrifrh S rd;k &Gmvsif apmapmuav; aMumifMh updu k Nf y;D qGr;f cHqif;vdu
k f
w,f/ raeYuawmh qufwu kd rf ;kd &Gmaew,f}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]tJ'geJY pOf;pm;w,f}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]rd;k &GmxJ qGr;f cHrqif;vsif qGr;f iwfr,f}
][kwfwmaygY}
]qGr;f iwfrcHcsiv f Ykd qif;vsif rd;k rdr,f}
]rd;k rdwm bmjzpfvJ bk&m;}
]rd;k rdawmh yifyef;wmaygY}
]csr;f awmh csr;f rSmyJ}
]rd;k a&xJomG ;aewke;f csr;f wmavmuf rubl;}
]b,fvdkjzpfOD;rSmvJ bk&m;}
]ouFe;f ESpx f nf pdrk ,f}
][kwfwmaygY}
]rd;k uvnf; wpfaeYv;kH &Gmaernfyh kH &Sw d ,f}

ÓPuxm 497
][kwfw,f}
]onfawmh onfouFe;f ESpx
f nfu vG,v
f ,
G ef YJ rajcmuf
bl;}
]'gqdv
k sif ouFe;f u ausmif;rSmwpfxnfyJ usew f ,f}
][kwfvm;}
][kwyf gw,f? ouFe;f oH;k xnfyJ &Swd myg}
]ouFe;f tydx
k m;a&maygh bk&m;}
]bk&m;u bke;f Bu;D awGukd ouFe;f oH;k xnfyx
J m;zdYk cGijhf yKwm
yJ}
]wifygY bk&m;}
]onfawmh qGr;f pm;&vdYk aumif;wm&,f? ouFe;f wpfxnf
wnf;eJY wpfaeYvHk;wpfnvHk; ae&vdkY raumif;wm&,f b,f[mu
aumif;ovJ pOf;pm;w,f}
][kwfwmaygh}
]'grSr[kwf qGr;f pm;vdYk raumif;wm&,f? ouFe;f tjynfeh YJ
ae&vdYk aumif;wm&,f b,f[mudak &G;rvJaygh}
]tJ'gudk b,fvkd qH;k jzwfvu kd w
f mvJ}
]qGr;f pm;vsif tqmawmhaysmufr,f/ wpfaeYv;kH tcsr;f cH&
r,f/ qif;&wmvnf; yef;ao;w,f/ qGr;f tqmcHvsif qif;&Jwm
wpfcyk &J r,f/ onfawmh rqif;awmYbJ aevdu k rf ,f-qdNk y;D rqif;
awmhwmyJ}

498 ÓPuxm
]uJèqma&maygh/ 'umrBu;D uyfwq hJ rG ;f udk bkO;f ay;yg/'um

rBu;D u eda&m"ormywfuxvmwJh bke;f Bu;D uyf&ovdk MunfnKd
pdwef YJ uyfyghr,f}
]tcsed rf usao;wJt h wGuf txl;qmavmifaewm rjzpfyg
bl;}
]bkOf;ay;oGm;yg bk&m;}
]aemifqv kd sif rd;k &Gmvsirf qif;ygeJY bk&m;/ 'umrBu;D Z&yfu
uav;awG tydv Yk wT af y;ygYr,f}
][mèrvkyyf geJY 'umrBu;D }
]OD;Zif;'kuu © kd olw, Ykd &l ovdk jzpfaerSmqdak wmh raumif;yg
bl;}
]olwYkd ukov kd &f wmaygY bk&m;}
]rvkyyf geJY 'umrBu;D / olwYkd qif;&JMurSmaygh}
]olwu Ykd rd;k pdv k nf; t0wfawGtrsm;Bu;D &SMd uygw,f/ Ny;D
awmh olwu Ykd i,f&, G o f al wGqakd wmh rd;k xJa&xJrmS vnf; aysm&f iT Mf u?
cHEikd &f nfvnf; &SMd uygw,f}
]OD;Zif;vnf; i,fygao;w,f/ cHEikd yf gw,f}
]rjiif;ygeJYbkef;BuD;/ 'umrBuD;pDpOfwmudk vufcHay;yg/
rd;k &Gmvsif qGr;f cHrqif;vmygeJY bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 499

q&mBu;D a':cifvt S m; wwd,tBurd f &SiÓ f Pajymaom
udk,fYudk,fudkaus;Zl;wifpum;
]'umrBuD;qGrf;yGJu [if;cGufawG rsm;vSacsvm;}

]jynfjh ynfph pkH kH &Scd u
kd rf Ykd bke;f Bu;D udk qGr;f uyfwmygbk&m;}
]tom;[if;awGuu kd ta&twGuf trsm;Bu;D yJ}
]tm;&yg;& bkO;f ay;yg}
][if;cGuaf wG rsm;rsm;qdak wmh bmpm;&r,f rodatmify}J
]tukefbkOf;ay;yg}
]wpfcu G w
f pfcg apYatmif Edu I zf aYkd wmif rvG,b
f ;l 'umr
BuD;}
]bke;f Bu;D u bkO;f ay;wm tm;r&p&mBu;D }
]onfavmufqdk vHkavmufNyDaygY}
]'umrBu;D jrnf;oavmufyJ &Sad o;w,f}
]onfavmufyJ&w,f}
]udk,fvHk;udk,fxnfao;aewm 'gaMumifhyJ}
][kww f ,f? 'umrBu;D wdYk ud, k vf ;kH ud,
k x
f nf Bu;D aewm
vnf; 'gaMumifah erSmyJ}
]rsm;rsm; bkO;f ay;rSaygY/ tm;&Srd S use;f rmr,f/ touf&n S f
r,f/ 'grS ud, k v
f yk pf &m&Sw
d m aumif;aumif;vkyEf ikd rf mS aygY}
]wwftm;orQ vky&f rSmaygY 'umrBu;D }

500 ÓPuxm
]qGr;f bkO;f ay;Ny;D vsif tcsKd yb

JG Ok ;f ay;yg/ tm;&Syd g;&Sd bkO;f ay;
yg/ 'grS tm;tifawGjynfNh y;D use;f rmr,f}
]'umrBuD;uawmh wtm;auR;aewmyJ}
]'gqdv k sif bke;f Bu;D udk ar;Munf&h OD;r,f}
]ar;yg/ bmar;p&m&Sv d v
Ykd J 'umrBu;D }
]aMomfèwjcm;r[kwfygbl;}
]bmvJ}
]bkef;BuD;taru bkef;BuD;udk onfavmufauR;zl;&JUvm;
vdyYk g}
]aMomfè'gvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]OD;Zif;wdkYtaru awm&GmuyJ}
][kwfwmaygY}
]awmrSmqdak wmh auR;vnf; tom;[if; wpfrsKd ;avmufeyYJ J
aygY/ b,frmS onfvkd om;pHik g;pHk tzHzk kH jzpfvrd rhf vJaygY}
]'gqdk onfvakd uR;arG;wmtwGuf 'umrBu;D udk aus;Zl;
wif&JUvm;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ 'umrBuD;}
]bke;f Bu;D tarawmif rauR;Edik w f meJY 'umrBu;D u bke;f
BuD;udkauR;arG;vdkYaygY}
]'gawmh 'umrBu;D &,f}
]bmjyKvJ bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 501
]aus;Zl;rwifygbl;}
]bk&m;}
]rtHhMoygeJY}
]bke;f Bu;D u onfavmuf aus;Zl;udk rodwwfwmtwGuf
b,fvdkrtHhMobJ ae&rSmvJbk&m;}
]onfvq kd v
kd sif 'umrBu;D udk OD;Zif; enf;enf;ar;Munfrh ,f}
]bmar;rSmvJ bk&m;}
]ajzom ajzyg}
]ar;yg bk&m;}
]'umrBu;D rSm ay;p&m? auR;p&m ydyk v kd Qv
H QH ypön;f ypö,awG
r&Sdbl;qdkvsif wumrBuD;auR;EdkifygYrvm;}
]b,fauR;Edik rf vJaygY bk&m;}
][kwNf y?D tJ'g wpfcsux f m;vduk }f
]xm;ygr,f bk&m;}
]aemufwpfcsuv f nf; ar;&OD;r,f}
]ar;yg bk&m;}
]'umrBu;D rSm jynfph ykH v kd QaH eawmifrS 'umrBu;D u vSL'gef;
csiwf phJ w
d af pwem r&Sv d si?f onfvkd vSL'gef;auR;arG;Edik yf ghrvm;}
]b,fauR;Edik rf vJaygY bk&m;}
]OD;Zif;&JUtusio Yf ud m© u &p&mr½Sad tmif jzpfaer,f? 'um
rBu;D u auR;arG;vdpk w d f ½Syd gYrvm;}

502 ÓPuxm
]auR;arG;zdkYxm;vdkY Z&yfay:awmif twufrcHEdkifygbl;

bk&m;}
]uJè'g ppfaq;&rnf[ h myJ}
]b,fvpkd pfaq;rSmvJ bk&m;}
]OD;Zif; tckvakd uR;arG;wmudk pm;&jcif;taMumif;udk Munfh
r,fqv kd sif tcsuo f ;kH csu&f wdS m awGU&w,f}
]oH;k csuu
f vkyyf gOD; bk&m;}
]'umrBu;D &JUapwem? ypön;f jynfph rkH ?I tvSLcHy*k Kd¾ v?f onf
oHk;rsdK;aygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfo;kH rsKd ;xJrmS onfvpkd m;&zdt Yk wGuf OD;Zif;bufuMunfh
vsif ta&;tBu;D qH;k t&m[m OD;Zif;&JUtusio Yf u
d m© jzpfaewm xif
&Sm;ygw,f/ OD;Zif; tusio Yf u
d m© r&Sv d sif Z&yfay:twufawmifrcH
Edkifbl; ajymxm;w,fr[kwfygvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfawmh onfvpkd m;&wmtwGuf aus;Zl;wifvsif ud, k hf
ud, k u
f ykd J wifawmhr,f}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 503
70/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd ? r*¾iaf csmifü q&mBu;D a':cifvt

S m;
pwkwt
¬ Burd f &SiÓ
f Pajymaom ykw;D [moDvysuf pum;
]'umrBu;D ykw;D rjywfpyd af ewm[m pdppd pfppfvyk zf Ykd aumif;

w,f}
]ykwD;pdyfwmyJbk&m;? bmpdppfae&OD;rSmvJ}
]wu,f aumif;&JUvm;? wu,fraumif;rsm;bJ aeovm;
qdw k m odzaYkd ygh}
]ykw;D pdyw f m aumif;wmaygh bk&m;/ 'grsm; pdppfae&OD;
rvm;}
]onfvkd ayghaygh rajymygeJ}Y
]'gèa&S;tpOftvmuwnf;u olawmfaumif;awG vkyv f m
cJhMuNyD;om;yJ}
]onfvv kd nf; olrsm;udk rñTeyf geJ}Y
]tenf;qH;k bk&m;? tajymtqdçk tjyKtrleYJ tBut H pnfawG
rrSm;bl;aygh}
]'gawG[m vG,v f ,G af jymwmawGy}J
]onfvrkd ajymvsif b,fvakd jym&rSmvJ bk&m;}
]ynmeJYajymaygh}
]bmynmeJY ajym&rSmvJ}
]udk,fwwfwJhynmeJYaygh}
]'gèudk,fwwfwJhynm r[kwfbl;vm;}

504 ÓPuxm
]r[kwfygbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]'umrBuD;udk 'umrBuD;q&mawmfu oifay;vdkufwm
ykwD;pdyfenf;ynm [kwfvdkYvm;}
]'umrBu;D q&mawmfu 'umrBu;D wdu Yk o
kd ifwm ykw;D pdyf
enf;r[kwyf gbl;/ pmawG oifay;vdu k wf myg}
]'gqdv k sif 'umrBu;D wdw
Yk wfwyhJ nm[m pmayynmyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gqdvk sif tJonfpmayynmeJY ajymaygh}
]bkef;BuD;uvnf; aygufayguf&Sm&Sm}
]onfvrkd ajymeJY 'umrBu;D }
]pmxJrmS ykw;D taMumif;rS rygwmyJb&k m;}
]Asm}
]a&S;u bk&m;pmawGxJrSma&m? t|uxmawGxJrSma&m?
#DumawGxrJ mS a&m ykw;D pdyt f aMumif; ygrSrygwmyJ}
]onfvq kd v
kd sif b,fu&Ny;D ykw;D updyaf eMuwmvJ wum
rBuD;}
]tJ'gawmh rodaygif bk&m;}
]'umrBu;D uawmh ajymNy}D
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]'umrBuD;touf tck&Spfq,fem;a&mufNyDaemf}
][kwfygYbk&m;}

ÓPuxm 505
]ig;ESptf &G,af vmufu oDv&Sio f al wmfpiftjzpf awmtHk

uEém;xJrmS aecJw h ,f}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]pmawGayawGvnf; wwfuRr;f atmifoif,Nl y;D olrsm;awG
udk ydcYk sNy;D aecJw h ,f}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]onfawmh 'umrBu;D wd[ Yk m ausmufpikd af usmufcJ NrNJ rwH hJ
vkyif ef;vkyo f al wG jzpfxu kd wf maygY}
]onfvjkd zpfzt Ykd wGuf ykw;D emempdyaf e&wmyJ bk&m;}
]onfvo kd majymw,f? tJonfyw k ;D u b,fu&wmvJ rod
bl;qdak wmh cufwmaygY}
]wdyd#uOD;0dpdwåwdkYvnf; pdyfwmyJbk&m;}
]'umrBu;D &JU q&mawmfu pmayudk oifMum;ay;cJw h mvm;?
wdy#d uvkyw f m vku d v f yk v f Ykd oifMum;ay;cJw h mvm;}
]tdkèbk&m;}
]rjiif;eJY 'umrBu;D }
]'umrBu;D wdYk oif&çwwf&wJyh #d uwfu wdy#d uwdw Yk wf
wJh yd#uwfeYJ wjcm;pDjzpfvv Ykd m;}
]b,fjcm;rSmvJaygh bk&m;}
]onfvq kd vkd sif olow d t
hJ wdik ;f ud, k o
f wd myJ/ olow d m
vnf; udk,fodwJhtwdkif;yJaygh}
][kwfygw,f}

506 ÓPuxm
]twlyq J v kd sif olvnf; onfy#d u d wfyJ qifjcifp&m&Sw d myJ

r[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvq kd v kd sif ud, k u f oluY kd tm;jyKaezdYk r[kwyf gbl;/ yd#
uwfxu J twdik ;f ud, k wf ikd yf J qifjcifMunfzh Ykd aumif;ygw,f}
]bkef;BuD;u ajymvdkufwm}
]olrsm;awGu Bu;D ay;wmeJY ud, k u f vdu k Bf u;D aeNy;D ud,k hf
ud,k u
f kd od;k uav;vdk i,fraebdYk ajymwmyg}
]'umrBuD;wdkYu aemufvdkufygyJ bk&m;/ odk;vdkYqdkvnf;
cH&rSmyJ}
]tJ'g cufwmyJ}
]bmjyKvdkYvJ bk&m;}
]ud,
k u f od;k rsKd ;rSr[kwb f }J
]bmrsdK;rdkYvJ}
]bk&m;rsKd ;? t&d,mrsKd ;aygh}
]'gawmh 'gayghb&k m;}
]bk&m;rsKd ;qdv k sif bk&m;vdk vky&f rSmaygh? bk&m;qdw k m bmvJ?
bk&m;qdw k m acgif;aqmifvYkd t"dygÜ ,f&wmyJ/ bk&m;qdw k m yk&mS ;u
vmwm? yk&mS ;[m yk½&k yS ?J yk&o d eJY t"dygÜ ,fww l ,f? vlom;&JUacgif;
aqmifjzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'umrBu;D wdu Yk od;k pdwaf zsmufzYkd vdyk g
w,f}
]aus;Zl;wifygw,fbk&m;}

ÓPuxm 507
]onfawmh b,foal wmhyw k ;D udik w

f myJwYkd bmwdYk rvkyyf geJY
wumrBu;D / bk&m;pmawG ud, k w f ikd f wwfaewmyJ/ bk&m;u ykw;D
ay;cJoh vm;-qdw k m ud, k w
f ikd zf wfNy;D ? ray;cJv h sif bmaMumifh wdu Yk
oH;k ae&wmvJ/ w&m;eJaY um nD&UJ vm;/ onfvkd ud, k w f ikd q
f ifjcif
wmvkyzf Ykd aumif;ygw,f}
]bk&m;a[mxJ rygvsif rvky&f bl;vm;}
]'umrBu;D u onfvt kd ar;rsKd ; rar;apcsib f ;l }
]'umrBuD;q&mawmfu b,folvJ jyefqifjcifMunfhaygh}
]'umrBu;D wdq Yk &mawmfeYJ bmqdik v f vYkd J bk&m;}
]qdik Nf yv
D m; wumrBu;D }
]vkyfygOD;bk&m;}
]'umrBu;D wdYk q&mawmfu ES,Ef , S &f &yk*Kd¾ vw f pfa,muf
r[kwfbl;}
]'gu 'umrBu;D wdu Yk ajym&rnfph um;yg}
][kwyf gw,f? arhaerSmpd;k vdyYk g}
]b,fawmhrS arhvrYdk &ygbl;}
]rarhb;l qdak yrJY tck ausmv f mT ;wJph um;ajymzdYk jyifaewm
jrifae&Ny}D
]bmajymvdkYvnf; bk&m;}
]bk&m;a[mr[kwf rvkyf&bl;vm;wJh}
]'gèbmqdik o f vJ bk&m;}

508 ÓPuxm
]q&mawmfBu;D u oHCmavmurSm ygVdawmf*P kd ;f Bu;D qdNk y;D

*dP
k ;f oD;jcm;axmifNy;D usiv hf mcJoh al emf}
][kwfygw,f}
]oydwrf mS tzH;k udk y,fcw hJ ,f/ ]ywåyrd me}-udk bk&m;a[m
rSm rygcJv h ?Ykd [kww f ,f r[kwv f m;}
]bke;f Bu;D u q&mawmfBu;D udk rrDvu kd b
f eJ }YJ
]'umrBu;D wdv Yk kd q&mawmf&UJ vuf&if;wynfah wGukd owd
ay;&wm tm;emygw,f}
]ajymygbk&m;? 'umrBu;D wdYk q&mawmfBu;D [m wumrBu;D
wd&Yk UJ vrf;ñTeq f &mawmfBu;D yg}
]olu bk&m;ra[mbJ vdu k v f yk af ewmawGukd jiif;y,fjyae
cJw
h hJ rSww f ikd Bf u;D yJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvq kd v kd sif bk&m;ra[mvdYk rvky&f bl;vm;vdYk rajymeJY
'umrBuD;}
]rpdppfrv d yYkd g bk&m;}
]ud,k &f yfwnfaecJw h hJ *dP
k ;f &JU &yfwnfcsuaf wmif rpdppfrd
bl;qdv k sif rpdppfrad ewmawG 'keaYJ ';rsm; jzpfaervm;? pd;k &drpf &m
'umrBuD;}
]bke;f Bu;D u 'umrBu;D wdu Yk kd txifao;jywmvm;}
]tJonfvkd xifvsiaf wmh OD;Zif;u onftaMumif; quf
rajymbdkYyJ}

ÓPuxm 509
]'umrBuD;wdkYudk bkef;BuD;txifao;rjyeJYaemf}
]pdwcf s 'umrBu;D ? txifao;rjybl;? 'gayrJ-Y }
]'gayrJu Y bmvJb&k m;}
]&Sw
d t
hJ wdik ;f awmh jrifjycGihf ay;ygaygh/ 'grS 'umrBu;D wdYk
tusdK;rsm;rSmaygh}
]ykw;D pdywf m b,fvt kd usKd ;eJY b,fvpkd pd pfrv
d v Ykd J bk&m;}
]tusdK;enf;wmawGu trsm;BuD;}
]bke;f Bu;D rBuKd uwf meJY tjypfajymwm rvkyef b YJ &k m;}
]tjypfajymwmvm;? tppfajymwmvm; 'umrBuD;u ppf
Munfhyg}
]ppfp&majym bk&m;}
]aumif;NyD? ykwD;tjypfawG trsm;BuD;xJu xdyfwef;uswJh
wpfcuk kd ajymr,faemf}
]ajym-bk&m;}
]'gtwGuf ar;cGe;f enf;enf; ar;r,faemf}
]ar;-bk&m;}
]'umrBuD; w&m;&NyDvm;}
]r&ao;ygbl; bk&m;}
]usifhvmcJhwm b,favmufMumNyDvJ}
]tNru J siahf ewmrS r[kww f mbJ bk&m;/ 'gu ajymvdrYk &bl;}
]w&m;rusiv hf sif rw&m;usiahf evdv Yk m; 'umrBu;D }
]bkef;BuD;u tJonfvdk rar;eJYbk&m;}

510 ÓPuxm
]'umrBu;D cPcP pdww f wkd myJ}

]bke;f Bu;D onfvkd bmjyKvaYkd jymovJ}
]w&m;taMumif; ajymwJt h cg r<uif;rusef jzpfatmifaygh
wumrBuD;}
]w&m;tm;rxkwfwmeJY rw&m;awmh tm;xkwfaervm;
bk&m;}
]w&m;tm;rxkwb f ;l ? rw&m;vnf; tm;rxkwb f ;l qdv
k sif
bmeJYaeovJ 'umrBuD;}
]udk,fhoDvuav;eJYudk,f aewmayghbk&m;}
]aMomfè'umrBuD;uvnf;}
]bmvJ bk&m;}
]oDv[m w&m;r[kwb f ;l usaewmyJ}
]oDv[m yGm;rsm;tm;xkw&f wJw h &m;rS r[kww f myJb&k m;}
]vkyNf y/D yGm;rsm; tm;xkw&f rSmawGu bmawGrv Ykd J 'umr
BuD;}
]tmemygewd?Yk a0'emEkyóemwd?Yk pdwmå EkyóemwdYk aygh
bk&m;}
]'umrBu;D u a'oemvufvw G f ajymNy}D
]'gawG yGm;rsm;tm;xkw&f rSm r[kwv f vYkd m;}
]r[kwfvdkY r[kwfygbl;}
]onfvq kd kd a'oemvufvw G w f ,fvYkd bke;f Bu;D u bm
aMumifhajym&wmvJ}

ÓPuxm 511
]yGm;rsm;p&mu 'gyJjzpfvv Ykd m;}

]trsm;Bu;D aygh bk&m;}
]tJonf trsm;Bu;D xJrmS oDvrygbl;vm;}
]oDvawmh oDvayghb&k m;? bm0em b,f[w k yf ghrvJ}
]tJ'g ajymwmaygh}
]bmvJ bk&m;}
]a'oemvufvGwfw,fqdkwm}
]b,fvv kd w
G v
f v
Ykd J bk&m;}
]bk&m;&JUa'oem[m opömav;yg;yJa[mwm r[kwv f m;
'umrBuD;}
][kwfygw,fbk&m;}
]opömav;yg;rSm bma0wAÁopöm[m r*¾opömjzpfw,f
r[kwfbl;vm; wumrBuD;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]r*¾opömrSm or®0gpm? or®mur®EÅ? or®mtmZD0r*¾ifawG
rygbl;vm; 'umrBu;D }
]ygwmaygh bk&m;}
]tJ'gawG[m oDvawGr[kwb f ;l vm; 'umrBu;D }
]onfawmh oDvawG[m yGm;&rnfw h &m;awGqw kd m bk&m;
a'oemu jyaew,f r[kwyf gvm;? oDvawG aqmufwnfaewm
[m w&m;tm;xkwf yGm;rsm;aewmawGyJ r[kwb f ;l vm;}

512 ÓPuxm
]bkef;BuD;ajymyHku oabmusp&myJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ 'umrBuD;}
]'umrBuD;wdkYu oDveJYyJaeaewmudk w&m;tm;xkwfae
wmvdYk rrSwb f J trIrthJ rSwrf hJ xm;Muwm/ onfvkd pmeJaY yeJY ajym
awmh [kww f myJ-vdYk auseyfrv d yYkd g}
]'umrBuD;wdkYu pmorm;? ayorm;qdkawmh pmeJYayeJY
ajym&wmyJ}
]bke;f Bu;D u wpfyg;wnf;aeNy;D 'gawGyJ pOf;pm;aewm xif
yg&JU}
][kww f maygh?tJ'g[m w&m;tm;xkwaf ewmyJ 'umrBu;D }
]vkyjf yefNyD bke;f Bu;D u}
]w&m;awGukd w&m;rSe;f odatmif awG;ac:pOf;pm;wm[m
r*¾iw f &m;tvkyaf wG r[kwv f v Ykd m;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]r*¾opöm[m yGm;&rnfh w&m;yJ? 'gèyGm;rsm;wm[m w&m;
tm;xkwfwmyJaygh}
]bke;f Bu;D [m tJonfw&m; tm;xkwaf ewmyJaygh}
]ody[ f w k w
f maygh wumrBu;D }
]olrsm;awGuawmh bkef;BuD;udkodaeMuwm wpfrsdK;yJ}
]olwdkYu b,fvdkodaeMuvdkYvJ}
]bke;f Bu;D u w&m;vnf;rxdik b f ;l ? pum;awGyJ uyfoyf pOf;
pm;aew,f vdaYk ygh}

ÓPuxm 513
]tm;xkw&f rnfw h &m;udk bmvd-Yk rodoal wGu w&m;tm;

rxkwb f ;l ajymwmawGyJ wumrBu;D }
]tJonfxrJ mS 'umrBu;D wdv Yk nf; ygygw,f}
]trSm;udk xkwaf zmf0efcjH cif;[mvnf; w&m;tm;xkwf yGm;
rsm;rIxuJ wpfcyk gyJ}
]'umrBu;D w&m;tm;xkww f wfatmif taMumif;oifw h ikd ;f
ñTefjyay;yg}
]ykwD;pdyfwmtaMumif; jyefqufMu&atmif}
]qufyg bk&m;}
]'umrBu;D [m w&m;r&ao;bl; ajymw,f/ usiv hf mcJw
h m
ar;wJhtcg tajzawGaMumifh pum;awG &SnfoGm;cJhwm}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]tck oDvawGvnf; yGm;rsm;&rnfhw&m;jzpfwm odawmh
oDv&Si-f pjyKwmupNy;D w&m;tm;xkwo f ufwrf;udk a&wGu&f vdrhf
r,f}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]'umrBu;D w&m;tm;xkwo f ufwrf;[m ESpaf ygif; ckEpS f
q,fu tawmfBu;D ausmv f mcJNh y}D
]oDv&Sio f ufwrf;t&qdv k sif onfvykd aJ jym&rSmaygh bk&m;}
]onfawmh w&m;[m onfavmufusirhf aS wmh &zdaYk umif;
w,f]
]bmjyKvdkYvJ bk&m;}

514 ÓPuxm
]b,fynmjzpfjzpf onfavmufavhusi&hf w,fvYkd avmu

rSm r&Sdavmufbl;/ vlYoufwrf;uav;u &SnfvSwmr[kwfbl;/
oufwrf; tckavmufuek af tmif avhusi&hf wJyh nm[m r&Sb d ;l }
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]w&m;&zd[ Yk m onfavmufusi&hf wm rjzpfoihb f ;l }
]r&wm bmwwfEdkifrSmvJaygY}
]bmaMumifrh &ovJ ppfaq;wm vky&f rSmaygY}
]ppfaq;&aumif;rSe;f awmif rodMuygbl;}
]tJ'gudk 'umrBu;D wdu Yk kd ajymcsiw f m}
]ajymyg bk&m;}
]'umrBu;D wdYk w&m;r&wmtaMumif; ajymrSmaemf}
]ajymygbk&m;}
]awmfMum pdwv f nf;qd;k raeeJOY ;D }
]pdwq f ;kd p&m rajymeJaY yghb&k m;}
][kww f m ajym&rSmyJ/ tJ'gu pdwq f ;kd p&mjzpfcsijf zpf? rjzpf
csiaf e jzpfrmS yJ}
]uJèajym bk&m;}
]oDvysufvdkY w&m;r&wmyJ}
]b,fvdk bk&m;}
]'umrBu;D wdYk ]oDvrvHv k Ykd w&m;r&wm}-yJ}
]tJ'g rjzpfEikd w f mbJ bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 515
]'umrBuD;wdkYrSm wjcm;taxGtxl;w&m;awGom rvkyf

Edkif &Sd&r,f? oDvuawmh rysufbl;/ ae&wmvnf; MunfhygOD;?
awmxJrSm}
]tJ'gvnf; [kwrf mS yg}
][kwvf sif onfvrkd ajymeJaY ygY bk&m;}
]tJ'gvnf; ajym&rSmyJ}
]bk&m;ua[mxm;wm &Sdw,f}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]oDv y&dbm0dwm orm"d} vdkYyJ? t"dyÜg,fu- oDvudkt
xyfxyf jzpfapwm[m orm"dy-J vdaYk ygh}
]tJ'g bmajymcsiw f mvJ bk&m;}
]oDvawG rysuf&SdcJhvsif orm"dawG jzpfxGef;ae&r,f?
aemufxyfvnf; bk&m;ua[mw,f? ]orm"d y&dbm0dwm ynm}-
vdkYyJ}? ynmqdkwmvnf; orm"dawG txyfxyfjzpfapwm-vdkY t"d
yÜg,f&w dS ,f/ onfawmh oDv[m ynmtxd aus;Zl;jyKay;aewm
bk&m;Asm'dwyf /J oDvudk onfavmuftMumBu;D jznfNh y;D vsif ynm
txda&muf&r,f/ ra&mufb;l qdv k sif oDvrSm wpfpw
kH pf&m csKd UwJh
aevdkY-qdkwm rSwfcsufxGufrSmyJ? a'oem t&Sdtwdkif; OD;Zif;ajym
aewm/ bmajymcsiaf o;ovJ}
]ajymp&mr&Syd gbl; bk&m;}

516 ÓPuxm
]tJ'g ajymp&mr&Sv d sif 'umrBu;D wdYk oDvtpifenf;vdv Yk Ykd

ajym&awmhrSmyJ}
]tJ'grS cufwmyJ}
]rcufeJY}
]'umrBu;D wdo Yk v D 'umrBu;D wdYk odwmaygh}
]xifwmrsm;vm;}
]onfvrkd ajymeJY bke;f Bu;D }
]rwm;eJY 'umrBuD;}
]bke;f Bu;D eJY &efjzpf&awmhr,f}
]OD;Zif;u rjzpfygbl;}
]pGypf v
JG siaf wmh jiif;&rSmyJ}
]tcsut f vuf azmfEikd v f siaf wmh pGypf w
JG mr[kwbf jJ zpfrmS yJ}
]uJèazmf bk&m;}
]'umrBu;D wdYk ykw;D rjywfypJ yd w f ,f r[kwv f m;}
]pdyfygw,f}
]ykwD;pdyfwm[m oDvudkysufapw,f 'umrBuD;}
]bke;f Bu;D u BuBH uzH efzef}
]tJ'g wu,fy}J
]ykw;D pdywf m oDvudk ydv k akH pwmyJ}
]tJ'g txifvw JG myJ}
]ykwD;pdyfaeol[m bmudkusL;vGefrSmvJ}
]bmrS rusL;vGew f meJY oDvvm;}

ÓPuxm 517
]oDvu bmrdv Yk J bk&m;}

]rusL;vGew f mrQeYJ oDvqdv k sif usL;vGezf t
Ykd iftm; r&So d al wG
vnf; rusL;vGeMf uvdYk olwv Ykd nf; oDvudk raqmufwnfyJ oDv
vHkovdk jzpfaerSmaygh}
]bke;f Bu;D uawmh uyfuyfoyfoyf pOf;pm;w,faemf}
]tJonfvkd rajymygeJY wumrBu;D }
]tJonfpum;u *&[oHygw,f}
]b,fvakd jym&rvJ bk&m;}
]ESEYH pYHS yfpyf pOf;pm;w,fvaYkd jymyg 'umrBu;D }
][kwyf gw,fb&k m;? onfvykd J ajymvdw k myg}
]OD;Zif;u pdwrf ESo YH pl m&if;u vGwu f if;cJNh yrD Ykd onfvkd pdwf
udkESHYatmiful;Edkifwmyg}
][kwrf sm; wu,f[w k o
f vm; rodygbl;}
]oDvqdw k m usL;vGepf &mudk rusL;vGeyf aJ ewmrQukd ajym
wm r[kwyf gbl;/ ]rusL;vGefbl;qdkwJh pdwfapwemudk oDv}-vdkY
ajym&wmyg/ [kw&f UJ vm; 'umrBu;D }
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]oDvqdkwm a&SmifMuOf&rnfht&mjzpfwJh 0d&rdwAÁawGudk
tm½Hjk yKNy;D a&SmifMuOfapmifph nf;csiw f hJ apwem&JU emrnfyaJ emf}
][kwfygw,f}

518 ÓPuxm
]aumif;NyD 'umrBu;D / oDvt&aumufwmudk aoaocsm

csmvkyfcJhaemf}
]aocsmygNyD bk&m;}
]'gqdv k sif 'umrBu;D udk ar;r,f}
]ar;yg bk&m;}
]ykw;D pdyw f t hJ cg 'umrBu;D &JUpdw[ f m bmudt k m½Hjk yKovJ?
b,frSm pdwfxm;ovJaygh}
]aum|moawGukd pdyw f mqdak wmh aum|morSmyJ pdwx f m;
wmaygh? aum|morSmyJ tm½Hjk yKwmaygh bk&m;}
][kwNf y?D tJonfpw d [
f m pdwt f rsKd ;tpm;t& bmpdwf jzpf
rvJ 'umrBu;D }
]tJ'gawmh ppfrMunfrh b d ;l bk&m;}
]onfvdkwpfrsdK; jyefar;r,f}
]ar;-bk&m;}
]'umrBu;D tm½Hjk yKwhJ aum|motm½H[ k m umrtm½Hpk m&if;
xJoGif;vsif 0ifrvm;çr0ifbl;vm;}
]r0ifygbl; bk&m;}
][kww f ,faemf? umrtm½Hq k w
kd m &,lcsipf &m tqif;ç t
oHçteHYçt&omçtawGU-qdkwJh tm½Hkig;yg;&JUtrnfyJ}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]onfvq kd vkd sif 'umrBu;D tm½Hjk yKwhJ tm½H[ k m umrtm½Hk
r[kwfbl;aygh}

ÓPuxm 519
]umrtm½Hk r[kwyf gbl;}

]tJonftm½H[ k m avmukw&å mtm½Hak um [kw&f UJ vm;vdYk
ar;&r,f? b,fvakd jzrvJ}
]tJ'gvnf; r[kwb f ;l yJ ajz&rSmygbk&m;}
]onfvq kd v kd sif tJonftm½H[ k m r[*¾Kwt f m½Hk jzpfygw,f}
][kww f ,fb&k m;? onftm½Hu k kd bmtm½Hv k J ppfrMunfrh b d ;l
bk&m;}
]jrif;pD;NyD; txD;çtrrodbl;qdkwJhpum;[m 'umrBuD;wdkY
twGuf xm;cJw h hJ pum;yHv k m; rodb;l aemf}
]ajymaygY bk&m;}
]tJonftm½H[ k m r[*¾Kwt f m½Hjk zpfw,f qdv k sif tJonf
tm½Huk kd tm½Hjk yKwphJ w d [ f mvnf; r[*¾Kwpf w d yf J jzpf&vdrrhf ,f 'um
rBuD;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;/ ud, k jf zpfwphJ wd vf nf; bmpdwq f w
kd m
rodatmifygyJ bk&m;}
]OD;Zif;wd[ Yk m pmayawGukd oifxm;ayrJY pmawG&UJ t&
aumufcsufawGudk wu,f rodcJhMubl;}
][kwyf gh bk&m;/ pmudk pmvdyk t J & aumufMuw,f? wu,f
t&txd aumufEikd af tmif rodcMhJ uygbl;}
]aumif;NyD? a&SUqufajymMu&atmif}
]ajymyg bk&m;}

520 ÓPuxm
]'umrBu;D wdYk ykw;D pdyw f t hJ cgrSmjzpfwhJ pdw[

f m bmpdwv
f -J
ar;vsif tajz[m ]r[*¾Kwpf w d jf zpfw,f}-ajz&vdrrhf ,f/ [kw&f UJ
vm; 'umrBu;D }
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]'gèr[*¾Kwpf w d jf zpfNyq
D v kd sif a&SUqufar;OD;r,f wumr
BuD;}
]ar;ygbk&m;}
]rw*¾Kwpf w d [ f m apwodut f rsm;qH;k b,favmufeYJ ,SOf
EdkifovJ}
]oH;k q,fih g;yg;eJaY ygY bk&m;}
]bmawGvJ}
]0d&wDMuOfwJh tnormef;eJY aombPapwodufawGyJ
bk&m;}
]0d&wDqw kd hJ apwoduaf wGu bmawGvJ wumrBu;D }
]or®m0gpm? or®mur®E?Å or®mtmZD0 apwoduaf wGaygY
bk&m;}
]or®m0gpm-qdw k m b,fvjkd zpfwmudk ac:wmvJ}
]rvdrf? rqJ? racsm? twif;rajymwmaygh bk&m;}
]'gèoDvawGyJ}
][kwfygYbk&m;}
]or®mur®Eu Å aum 'umrBu;D }
]rowfçrcdk;çumrrusL;wmawGyJ}

ÓPuxm 521
]'gvnf; oDvawGy}J
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]onfvq kd akd wmh oDvqdw
k m 0d&wDapwodu&f UJ emrnfawG
yJ}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]r[*¾Kw[ f m onf0&d wDawGeYJ r,SOb f ;l qdak wmh r[*¾Kwf
pdwf jzpfwt hJ cgrSm oDvapmifph nf;rI apwemawG &SEd ikd yf gYrvm; 'um
rBuD;}
]0d&wDeYJ r,SObf ;l qdak wmh r[*¾Kwpf w
d jf zpforl mS oDvr,SOf
bl;-vdyYk J tajzxGuyf gr,f bk&m;}
]oDvqdw k m raumif;wmawGukd a&SmifMuOfwmyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]a&SmifMuOfw,fqw kd m a&SmifMuOfp&mawGrodbJ a&SmifMuOf
vdYk &ygYrvm;}
]r&ygbl; bk&m;}
]a&SmifMuOfp&mawGu ½kyaf wGvm; 'umrBu;D }
]r[kwyf gbl; bk&m;}
]emrfawGvm;}
]r[kwyf gbl; bk&m;}
]a&SmifMuOfp&mawGu rSm;,Gif;vGefusL;wJh udk,ftrIawG?
EIwftrIawG? pdwftrIawG r[kwfvm;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}

522 ÓPuxm
]rSm;,Gi;f vGeu f sL;jcif;r&Swd hJ ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;kH trIawGukd a&Smif

MuOfzYkd vdo
k vm; 'umrBu;D }
]rvdyk gbl; bk&m;}
]tJ'gawGrmS ½kyaf wGçemrfawG rygbl;vm;}
]ygygw,f bk&m;}
]onfawmh ½kyaf wGçemrfawG a&SmifMuOf&rSm[kwv f v Ykd m;}
]r[kwyf gbl; bk&m;}
]r[*¾Kwfpdwfu ½kyfawGçemrfawG tm½HkjyKw,f? oDvu
a&Smifp&mjzpfwhJ vGeu f sL;wJY ud,k çf EIwçf ESv;kH trIawGukd tm½Hjk yKw,f/
onfvkd jzpfraebl;vm;}
]jzpfaeygw,f bk&m;}
]onfvq kd akd wmh r[*¾Kwpf w d ef YJ oDvpdw[ f m tm½Hck si;f jcm;
raebl;vm;}
]jcm;ygw,f bk&m;}
]r[*¾Kwpf w d u f bmtm½Hv k J 'umrBu;D }
]½kyfçemrfaygY bk&m;}
]oDvpdwfu bmtm½HkvJ}
]0d&rdwAÁtm½Hkaygh bk&m;}
]onfawmh r[*¾Kwpf w d jf zpfwt hJ csed rf mS oDv &Srd aebl;qdk
wm 'umrBu;D &dyrf &d r,f}
]'umrBu;D wdu Yk tJonfvjkd zpfrS oDvydv k wkH ,f xifrw S rf mS ;
aeMuwm}

ÓPuxm 523
]tJ'g pdwu
f Ekd UHS pyfatmif rxm;Edik v f aYkd ygY 'umrBu;D }
]'umrBu;D wdu Yk kd pdwrf ESUH bl;vdYk ajymvdu k w f maygY}
]'umrBuD;u emvdkYvm;}
]bk&m;uajymNyD;om;rdkY em&rSmawmh r[kwfawmhygbl;
bk&m;}
]bk&m;u b,fvdkajymovJ}
]ykxkZÆaem Or®wåaum-vdkYaygh}
]ykxZk Of[m t½l;yJvv Ykd m;}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]t½l;vdkYtajymcH&wm emwwfzdkYaumif;w,faemf}
]t½l;rdYk t½l;vd-Yk tajymcH&wmyJb&k m; bmemp&mvdo k vJ}
]t½l;jzpf&wmudu k emp&mr[kwb f ;l vm; 'umrBu;D }
]ud,
k u Yf kd ½l;w,fvaYkd jymvdo Yk m t½l;vdo Yk &d wm? b,fv½kd ;l
w,fvYkd ud, k u f odwmrS r[kww f myJ}
]'gvnf; [kww f myJ}
]onfawmh t½l;tajymcH&ayrJY ud, k u
hf , kd u f kd wu,f½;l
w,fvdkYrS rodwmbJ}
][kwfwmyJ}
]onfawmh ud, k ½f ;l rSe;f rodbJ olrsm;u t½l;vdYk tajymcH&
wmtwGuf emMunf;&SuEf ;kd &aumif;rSe;f vnf; rodb;l aygh bk&m;}
]'umrBu;D u bk&ift h oH;k pma&;Bu;D orD;rdx Yk ifw,f? ud,
k hf
udk,fudk umuG,fajymqdkwm aumif;vSacsvm;}

524 ÓPuxm
]wu,f[kwfwmawGyg bk&m;}
]tck ud, k t hf awG;rESUH wm &dyrf zd v Ykd Nkd yaD emf 'umrBu;D }
]'umrBu;D wdYk tjrwfwEd;k usiahf ewJh oDvudak wmif onf
avmufuav; todEUHS atmif rawG;Ekid w f mtwGuf xdwv f efrY yd g
w,f}
][kwfw,f? wu,f vefYp&mBuD;aygh}
]oDvudk ydik ;f jcm;rdatmif rodawmh oDvysuw f mvnf; rod
bl;aygh bk&m;}
][kww f maygh? ykw;D pdyv f sif oDvvHw k ,fawmif vGNJ y;D xif
awmh txifeYJ wu,ft h jzpfu ta0;Bu;D jcm;aew,f}
]oDvawG apmifah umif;jcif;Bu;D apmifv h mcJ&h Ny;D uk, d ofh v
D
ud,k f eif;acszsuw f v hJ yk if ef;udk oDvjznfw h v hJ yk if ef;vdx
Yk ifNy;D yGm;rd
wJt
h jzpf a&muf&wm[m tawmfepfemygw,f bk&m;}
]epfemwJhtwdkif;txGmuawmh tBuD;BuD;yJ}
]b,fvdk bk&m;}
]onfèonfov D uav;udk ESpaf ygif;ckEpS q f ,fausmf jznfh
usiw hf m rjynfb h ;l qdw k thJ jzpf[m ausmrf aumif;Mum;raumif; jzpf
vSNyD}
]rjynfhbl; b,folajymvdkYvJ bk&m;}
]'umrBu;D wdYk w&m;r&ao;bl;qdw k mu ajymaewmyJ}
]'geJY b,fvykd wfoufrmS vJ}

ÓPuxm 525
]w&m;&w,fqdkwm ]0kodwH jA[®p&d,}-qdk r[kwfvm;/

jznfph &mtusijhf rwfawG jznfNh y;D oGm;wmyJ? 'grNy;D ao;bl; qdak wmh}
]onfèoDvuav;udk ESpaf ygif;ckEpS q f ,fausmjf znfwh m r
jynfbh ;l qdw
k q
hJ D a&mufwmaygh}
][kwyf gY bk&m;/ epfemwm tqH;k tpr&Syd gyJ? tusiv hf v
JG Ykd
tusdK;enf;wmyg}

526 ÓPuxm
71/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd ? a&Tjrifwifawmifü arNrKd UrSa&mufvm

aom "r®uxduq&m OD;0if;pdet f m; &SiÓ f Pajymaom
bk&m;½kyfykHpum;
]'umBuD;? OD;Zif;ajymjywJh oabmw&m;awGeJYpyfNyD; r&Sif;
wm&Svd sif enf;enf;jzpfjzpf ar;Edik w f ,faemf}
]wynfah wmf tm;vH;k &Si;f oavmuf jzpfaeygNy}D
]aumif;w,fAsm}
]'gayrJY bk&m;-}
]ajymyg}
]enf;enf;avmufygyJ}
]&ygw,f}
]wynfah wmfwu Ykd vnf; y&rw¬opömvdik ;f rSm aecJw h mqdk
awm-h}
][kwfwmaygh}
]bk&m;eJY cyfumG uGmyJ bk&m;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]bk&m;qdw k m odyBf u;D b,fvakd e&may;&r,f rodovdyk }J
][kwfrSmygyJ}
]&Scd ;kd ylaZmfreI YJ qGr;f awGçyef;awGça&csr;f awGçrD;awG uyfvLS rI
awGrmS t"dygÜ ,foyd &f v dS w S ,f rxifawmhb;l / "avhx;kH pHt& vlol
jrifaumif;½kaH vmufyJ jzpfawmhovd&k w dS ,f}
]tJonfvikd ;f u *kPu f jkd rifEidk wf v hJ ikd ;f r[kwb
f ;l r[kwv
f m;}

ÓPuxm 527
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}

]y&rw¬opöm odoal wG[m onfy&rw¬opöm[m bk&m;
azmfwo hJ pöm r[kwb f ;l / ol[
Y mol &Swd m/ odorl &Sv d nf; ol[ Y mol
rSefaewmyJvdkY cH,laeMuwm r[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfawmhvnf; bk&m;&JUtcef;u@u arS;rSed w f maygh}
]onftrSefw&m;[m oluazmfpyfvdkufwJh trSefw&m;rS
r[kww f mqdak wmh olt Y cef;u odyrf &Sod vdjk zpfwmaygY bk&m;}
]'gaMumifh onfval wGtMum;rSm bk&m;eJw Y &m;rSm w&m;u
jrwfw,f? bk&m;[m w&m;ud&k vdo Yk m bk&m;jzpf&wmjzpfw,fwUkd ç
bmwdYk toHawG tawmfus,u f s,f xGuv f mwmyJ}
]onfw&m;[m olrazmfvnf; onftwdik ;f trSet f jzpf
&Sad ewmvdYk xifxm;awmhvnf; onfvakd jymrdrmS yJ}
][kwfw,f/ w&m;[m bk&m;&SdrSjzpfwmvdkY rajymEdkifbl;
r[kwfvm;}
][kww f ,f bk&m;}
]opömvdkif;u rSm;NyDqdkawmh wjcm;rSm;EdkifwmawG 'keJYa';
jzpf&awmhrSmyJ}
]onfawmh bk&m;eJpY yfNy;D rSeu f efwohJ abmxm;wpfck &Szd Ykd
vdkwmayghbk&m;}
]wu,fyJ vdktyfygw,f}
]"avhxHk;pHrdkY vkyfwmvnf; raumif;bl;bk&m; aemf}

528 ÓPuxm
][kwfw,f}
]onfawmh wynfah wmfwu Ykd rSeu f efwhJ oabmxm;quf
qHrw I pfc&k zdYk vdt k yfwmaygh}
][kwfw,f}
]tJ'g wynfah wmfwYkd ñTejf yygOD;}
]OD;Zif;vnf; 'gajymzdt Yk wGuf rlr&Sb d ;l / 'gayrJY ud, k of w
d hJ
twdik ;f awmh tvdt k avsmuf usio hf ;kH rdvsuf &Sad erSmyJ}
]bk&m;udo k ad erSyJ bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]bk&m;eJpY yfNy;D vkyo f ifvh yk x f u kd w f mudk tvkyrf q d ;kH yJ jzpf&
rSmaygY}
]onfvkd rlxm;Ny;D aewmawmif r[kwyf gbl;/ 'gayrJY tvdk
tavsmuf tJonfvkd aerdrmS yg}
][kwfygw,f}
]'umBu;D wdv Yk nf; onfvykd J jzpfomG ;rSmygvdyYk J ajym&vdrhf
r,f}
]tJ'gu MumwmaygYb&k m;/ q&mawmfu q&mawmfa&SUrSm
b,forl S r&Sb d ;l / wynfah wmfwu Ykd awmh q&mawmf&adS eawmh enf;
&zdYk vdrk mS yg}
]OD;Zif;rSm oabmxm;awGawmh &Srd mS yg/ 'gayrJY vkyNf y;D om;
awmYr&Sdbl;/ taMumif;oifhovdk vkyfoGm;cJhwmyJ/ aemifvnf;
onfvykd J vkyrf mS yJ}

ÓPuxm 529
]tJ'g enf;enf;ay;&rSmaygh bk&m;}

]enf;enf;ajymMunfhr,f}
]vkyyf g bk&m;}
]apwDawG[m &So d ifw h ,f}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]'gayrJY tckvkd rdv I akd yguf r&So d ifbh ;l }
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]apwD[m bk&m;eJYpyfwJhtxdrf;trSwf taqmuftOD;yJ?
vGwfvyfa&;atmifyGJ txdrf;trSwfausmufwdkifvdkaygY}
]ausmufwikd af wG odyaf ygaezdYk raumif;ovdv k m; bk&m;}
]'gaygY}
]tJonfapwDukd &Scd ;kd yl;aZmfrI tydik ;f udak um bk&m;}
]apwDukd &Scd ;kd ylaZmfMuwmvnf; aumif;rGeyf gw,f/ ud, k &hf UJ
vdt
k ifqE´ trsKd ;rsKd ;awG zGit hf MH uwm? vufaqmifypön;f trsKd ;rsKd ;eJY
*kPfjyKMuwmawG[m aumif;rGefwmawGygyJ}
]bk&m;udk rodbeJ YJ vkyw f mqdv k siaf um bk&m;}
]rodbeJ YJ vkyw f muawmh pdwZå awG jzpfMurSmaygY}
]½kywf ak wmfawGepYJ yfNy;D ajymygOD; q&mawmf}
]½kyw
f ak wG[mvnf; vdt k yfwmawGygyJ/ 'gayrJ-Y }
]trdefY&Sdygbk&m;}
]½kyw f ak wGu wu,fb h &k m;eJY wlaumif;rSwrl vm;vdYk pdwf
xJcHpm;&w,f}

530 ÓPuxm
]ud, k o f ad ewJb
h &k m;&JU ½kyv
f mT rSm&Sw d hJ ur®Z½kyaf wGeYJ ½kyw
f k
ay:rSm&Sw
d hJ bk&m;&JUur®Z½ky&f UJ taetxm;awGu qDeaYJ &? a½TecYJ v J kd
jzpfaer,fxifw,f/ tJonf½yk w f uk Mkd unf&h wm t&omrawGUbl;
jzpfaew,f}
]bmawGvdkaevdkYvJ bk&m;}
]onfvdkvnf; rajymwwfbl;}
]BuKd ;pm;Ny;D ajymMunfyh gOD;bk&m;}
]ur®Z½kyfwpfckwnf;udk ajymr,faemf}
]wjcm; bmajymp&m&Sad o;vdv Yk J bk&m;}
]&SdwmaygY
]bmawGvJ bk&m;}
]qHyif? em;½Gu?f t0wftqifawGaygh}
]'gawGu b,fvakd jymrSmvJ}
]pmayrSm wnf&SdaewmawG jcm;em;rIçwlnDrIawG b,f
avmuf&çdS r&Sed YJ ajym&rSmaygh}
]tJ'gawGvnf; ajymygOD;bk&m;}
]tJ'gawGu vlwikd ;f eD;yg; &SmawGUEdik af vmufygw,f}
]bmjyKvYkd rajymMuwmvJ bk&m;}
]ajymcsed f rwefao;vdyYk g}
]tcsdefuvnf; &Sd&ao;vm;bk&m;}
]&Sd&wmaygY}

ÓPuxm 531
]vlawGu bk&m;odol enf;ao;w,f? r&Sad tmiftxd enf;
ao;w,f/ tJ'gaMumifyh }J
]tr,fav; bk&m;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]MunfndKolawGrsm;ygw,f bk&m;}
]tJ'g cufwmyJ}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]odrS MunfndKvdkY&wm}
]bk&m;&Scd ;kd pmawGrmS ajymwJh bk&m;&JU wnf&[
dS efukd olwYkd
odMurSmaygY bk&m;}
]tJonfpmawG&JUt"dyÜg,f tjyefcdkif;Munfhaygh/ olwdkYtajz
u trSeu f kd jyrSmygyJ}
]MunfnKd &rIeo YJ w
d m qdv k siaf um bk&m;}
]tJ'g trSeft&SdeJY uif;uGmrSmaygY}
]onfvdkqdkvsif bk&m;udkodwmr[kwfbJ jzpfoGm;rSmaygh
bk&m;}
]olocd siw f modwm[m bk&m;odwm b,fwal wmhrvJaygY}
][kww f ,f? tJ'gqdv k siaf wmh wu,fcufwmyJ}
]pdeaf &T&wemrodbJ pdeaf &T&wemudk jrwfE;kd wJoh al &mufwhJ
'ku©trsdK;trsdK;vdk 'ku©a&mufzdkYyJaygh}

532 ÓPuxm
][kwyf gYb&k m;? MunfnKd oal wGukd odatmifvyk af y;zdYk aumif;

vdkufwmbk&m;}
]pum;vrf;aMumif; ajymif;oGm;vdrrhf ,f/ tJ'gawGukd odol
awGvyk &f rSmawGvYkd xm;cJ/h a&SUpum; jyefqufAsm;}
]'guav;od&wmvnf; aumif;vdu k w
f mbk&m;/ a&SUpum;
vnf; qufyghr,f}
]bk&m;½kyw f ak wmfrmS pdwZå ½ky?f tm[m&Z½kyaf wGvnf; &SMd u
w,f/ tJ'gawG rajymMupdeYk /YJ tJ'gu trsm;odEikd w f ,f r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f/ pmawGayawG ordkif;tcsuftvufawGeJY
azmfEdkifMur,faygY bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]bk&m;&JUur®Z½kyu f kd ajymr,fqw kd m b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]bk&m;&JU½kyfyHkawGudk Munfhvsif bk&m;&JUur®Z½kyfawG[m
umrokcv’u d mEka,m* vrf;ay:avQmufaewJo h &l UJ ur®Z½kyaf wG
jzpfaewmudk txif;om;awGUae&w,f}
]bk&m;u tJonfvrf;ESpfoG,frS roGm;wmyJbk&m;}
]bk&m;½kywf xk o k al wGeYJ xkzt
Ykd aMumif;ay;olawGu tJonf
vrf;ESpcf xk u
J wpfcck u k kd odoyl jJ zpfaeawmh tJonfvykd J jzpfomG ;
&wmaygh}
]odot l aeeJY tJonfvjkd zpfwm[m awmfawmf tMunfch uf
rSmyJaemf}

ÓPuxm 533
]ynm&SBd u;D wpfa,muf&UJ ½kyyf u kH kd umrodu k w

f ;l aeol Mum
orm; wpfa,mufyrkH sKd ; vkyx f m;vsif tMunfch ufNyv D m;Asm}
]em;vnfNyDbk&m;}
]onfynm&SiBf u;D udyk J arSm½f ;l ç"mwf½;l wpfa,muf&UJ yHrk sKd ; vkyf
xm;vsiv f nf; tMunfch ufNyaD ygh}
]'gawG[m atmufvrf;eJY txufvrf;orm; ½kyyf akH wGyaJ ygY
bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]ur®Z½kyq f w
kd mawG ay:vGiaf tmifajymygOD; bk&m;}
]£NE,
d´ ½kyaf wG[m ur®Z{uEÅ½yk af wGaygh}
]aMomfèavmurSm £ajE&´ w,fqw kd m tJonf½yk af wG tcsKd ;
uswmajymm xifw,f bk&m;aemf}
][kwfw,f}
]rsufaph?em;?ESm?vQm?udk,f?pdwf 'gawG&JU vIyf&Sm;&yfwnfrI
awG txufvrf;? atmufvrf;? tv,fvrf; onfo;kH vrf;xJu
b,frmS &So d vJqw kd m azmfjyEkid &f rSmayghaemf}
][kwfw,f}
]tck bk&m;½kyw f ak wG&UJ £ajEt ´ aetxm;awG[m vrf;rSm;
rSm &Sdaew,faygY bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]'gqdak wmh odyq f ;kd wmaygh bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}

534 ÓPuxm
]atmufvrf;a&mufwhJ ½kyw
f &k UJ ur®Z½kyu
f b,fvakd eovJ
bk&m;}
]Nyw D w
D D aew,f}
]txufvrf;a&mufaewJh ½kyfwk&JU ur®Z½kyfu b,fvdkae
rSmvJ bk&m;}
]wnfww D D aer,f}
]tv,fvrf;ay:u ½kyfawG&JU ur®Z½kyfawGuaum bk&m;}
]NyaD ewmeJY wnfaewmrygbJ &Sio f efae&r,f}
]Nyw
D ,fqw kd m b,fvakd y:atmif enf;enf;ajymygOD;bk&m;}
]'gèay:vGifNyD;om;yg}
]ay:vGio f xuf ay:vGiaf tmifaygh bk&m;}
]NywD ,fqw kd m euferJ rI &Sw d hJ &Siof efraI ygY}
]reufeJbl;qdkwmu b,fvdk[mvJ}
]cHpm;rIavmufjzpfwJh t&mydkif;qdkif&mawGaygY}
]cHpm;rIqikd &f m &Sio f efE;kd <urI[m ]NyD}-wmaygY bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]wnf}-wmudk ajymygOD;bk&m;}
]wnfw,fqw kd mu &Sio f efvyI &f mS ;rI rJaY ewmaygY}
]cHpm;rIvnf; r&Sb d ;l ? ynmvnf; r&Sb d ;l / 'gaMumifh &nf&,
G f
csufrJh ol&yfwnfcsifovdk &yfwnfaewJh udk,fvuf[ef&Sdolvm;
bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}

ÓPuxm 535
]onfvq kd akd wmh bk&m;&JU½kyw f ak wmfrmS &Sw

d hJ ur®Z½kyaf wG
jzpfwJh £ajE´½kyfawG[m av;eufvnf; ae&r,f/ ½Sifoefvnf;
ae&r,faygY bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]av;euf-udk teuft"dygÜ ,f zGiyhf gOD; bk&m;}
]todÓPf&JU OD;pD;rIatmufu tjypfuif;pifwJhtwGuf
Nidrf;at;oGufvufwJh vIyf&Sm;rIaygh}
]trSm;uif;pifvYkd MunfpifaewJh vIy&f mS ;rIaygh}
][kwfw,f}
]q&mawmftaeeJY bk&m;½kyw f ak wG zl;&wm t&om rawGU
bl;qdkwm [kwfrSmyJ}
]bmawGU&vdkYvJ}
]q&mawmfu bk&m;yHu k kd yDyjD yifjyifjrifaewmyJ? yHx
k o
k al wG
u wwfovdk xkxm;wmawGy}J
]uJè'gxm;OD;}
]udk,fjyifEdkifwmrS r[kwfwmyJ}
]bmaMumifh rjyifEikd &f rSmvJ bk&m;}
]udk,fu bmtEkynmwwfvdkYvJ}
]ajymjy&rSmayghbk&m;}
]olrodb;l / olu Y akd jymjy½keH v
YJ nf; tEkynmorm;u vkyv f Ykd
&ygYrvm;}

536 ÓPuxm
]odEikd o f vl nf;jzpf? tEkynmvnf;wwf? onforl S 'g&Edik f

r,faygh}
][kwfw,f}
]q&mawmf[mu rvG,yf gvm;}
]'gaMumifh onftaMumif;xm;MupkYd ajymwmaygh}
][kwNf yD bk&m;}
]tJonf½yk w f b
k &k m;udk ae&may;wmrSmawmh apwDb&k m;
vdkyJ jzpf&r,faemf}
]rodbJMunfndKwm rjzpfoifhbl;yJvm; bk&m;}
][kww f ,f? tJ'g tEÅ&m,fy}J
]½kywf ak wmfawG tdraf wGrmS ud, k pf uD ,kd if yifNh y;D xm;Muwm
aumif;&JUvm; bk&m;}
]odNy;D vkyw f mqdv k siaf wmh ajymp&m odyrf &Sv d aS yrJ?Y rodbJ
vkywf m qdv k siaf wmh ajymp&mrqH;k atmif &Sv d rd rhf ,f}
]wpftrd rf mS ½kyw f ak wGtrsm;Bu;D &Sad ewmvnf; &Sw d wfao;
w,f bk&m;}
]'gawG rSeçf rrSeu f tvG,o f Ed ikd w
f m &Syd gw,f}
]bmeJo Y &d rvJ bk&m;}
]olwrYkd b d odrYk [kwf av;pm;ol&UJ ½kyw f u k kd rdvI akd yguf xm;
rvm; qdw k myJ}
][kwyf ghb&k m;/ ud, k af v;pm;&ol[m upm;p&mvdk rjzpf
xdkufygbl;}

ÓPuxm 537
]tJ'g[m pdwZå &JU vu©PmawGy}J

]rodbJ ud;k uG,&f mu jzpfwmawGayghb&k m;}
]OD;Zif; wdbufvrl sKd ;awGaewJh ae&mudk a&mufomG ;zl;w,f}
]bk&m;½kyw f ek pYJ yfNy;D bmodc&hJ vdvYk J bk&m;}
]tJonfrmS tdref YJ cyfa0;a0; wpfae&mrSm tdro f mt&G,f
avmuf taqmuftOD;uav; wpfckudk awGUae&w,f}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]onftaqmuftOD;qDukd vltoGm;tvmvnf; rawGU&
bl;}
]bmtaqmuftOD;vJ bk&m;}
]tJ'g OD;Zif;uar;Munfw h ,f}
]b,fvakd jzvJ bk&m;}
]tJ'g ]bk&m;cbke;f }-wJt h "dygÜ ,fu bk&m;tdr?f bk&m;ausmif;
aygh}
][if}
]'geYèJ pdw0f ifpm;Ny;D ? tJ'g igèMunfch siw f ,fqNkd y;D uav;
wpfa,muftazmfeJY oGm;Munfhw,f}
]bmawGUvJ bk&m;}
]av;ayywfvnfavmufyJus,fwJh taqmuftOD;xJrSm
bk&m;awG uRr;f xd;k arSmufckH aeaeMuw,f}
]b,favmufBuD; b,favmufrsm;vJbk&m;}

538 ÓPuxm
]av;vufravmufyJ Bu;D ½Hek YJ vkyx f m;wJb h &k m;awG &mcs&D dS

rSmyJ/ wpfcak y: wpfcx k yf aewma&m? vJaewma&m? jzpfcsio f vdk
jzpfyJ}
]olwYkd bmvkyMf uovJ}
]olwdkYudk;uG,frI "avhaygh}
]"avh[m todrv hJ mvsif aMumufp&mjzpfvmw,f bk&m;
aemf}
][kwfw,f}
]bk&m; ½kyw f ak wmf? apwDawmfawGukd yef;?rD;?a&?tarT;wdik ?f
qGr;f 'gawGeYJ ylaZmfwmawGaum bk&m;}
]OD;Zif; 'umrBu;D jzpfwhJ r*¾iaf csmifq&mBu;D udk ajym&wm
awGyJ jyefajym&vdrfhr,f}
]ajymyg bk&m;}
]'umrBu;D wdu Yk oDv&SiBf u;D awGqakd wmh bk&m;yJ cs;D yNy;D
bk&m;yJ woaew,f ajym&ravmufy}J
][kwfrSmygbk&m;}
]bk&m;cef;Bu;D uvnf; tus,Bf u;D ? ½kyw f ak wGvnf; Bu;D Bu;D
i,fi,f toG,foG,feJYyJ}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]bk&m;awGa&SUrSm pm;yG&J n S Bf u;D cif;Ny;D yef;ajcmufyef;pdk td;k
awGtrsdK;rsdK;eJY a&awmfcGufawGu ckESpfq,f? &Spfq,f/ opfoD;0vH
awGa&m? reufqrG ;f ? aeYqrG ;f eJY a&awGuyfNy;D tMumBu;D bk&m;&Scd ;kd

ÓPuxm 539
w,f}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]{nfo h nfvmvsif olb Y &k m;cef;udk ac:jyw,f? &Scd ;kd apw,f}
]q&mawmfvnf; jywmyJvm;}
]jyw,f? vdkufMunfh&w,f}
]q&mawmfu &Scd ;dk OD;wif rvkyb f ;l vm;}
]rvkyfbl;}
]rvdktyfvdkYyJ}
]'umrBu;D u auseyf&UJ vm;}
]cGifhvTwfxm;&wJhyHkyJ}
]wpfaeYrmS jyóemjzpfw,f}
]ajymygOD;}
]e,kev f qef;oH;k &uf[m OD;Zif;&JUarG;aeYy/J tJonfaeYrmS
arG;aeYtrSwfeJY bk&m;qGrf;uyf&atmif olpDpOfvdkufr,fvdkY 'umr
Bu;D u ajymw,f}
]q&mawmfu arG;aeYvkyfaeus &Sdovm;}
]r&Sdygbl;}
]olajymwm q&mawmfu vufcv H ukd o
f vm;}
][ifhtif;}
]b,fvdkjiif;ovJ bk&m;}

540 ÓPuxm
]bk&m;u vGeaf wmfrNl y?D r&Sad wmhb;l ? bk&m;qGr;f uyfvYkd b,f

&rvJ/ bk&m;MunfnKd vsif bk&m;uxm;cJw h hJ olu
Y ,kd pf m;vS,af wG
jzpfwhJ OD;Zif;wdu Yk u kd yfayghvyYkd }J
]bmjyefajymvJ bk&m;}
]OD;Zif;wdv Yk nf; uyfrmS aygYvyYkd }J
]q&mawmfu bmajymovJ}
]vkyAf sm? BuKd uw f myJ-vky}f -vdyYk J ajymvduk wf ,f}
]vkyo f vm; bk&m;}
]arG;aeYus qif;oGm;awmh bk&m;cef; ac:oGm;cH&w,f/ vkyf
xm;vdu k wf m pm;yGBJ u;D eJY tjynfyh }J
]bmawGvJ bk&m;}
]yef;awG? opfoD;trsdK;rsdK;awG? tom;ausmftrsdK;rsdK;awG?
qGr;f awG? rkeyYf oJ mG ;&nfpmawG tpHt k ukeyf }J
]q&mawmfudk bmajymvJ}
]bk&m;cef;a&SUrSm 0wfjyKzaYkd e&mvnf; tustecif;ay;xm;
w,f? oifzsmeJY tdy&f mcif;eJY taetxdik ef aYJ ygh? bke;f Bu;D qGr;f uyfyg
vdYk wwGww f w G f wdu k wf eG ;f ajymqdw
k ,f}
]q&mawmfu bmjyefajymvJ}
][kwu f ?hJ 0atmifMunfOh ;D r,f? wumrBu;D xrif;oGm;pm;
acs/ qmaea&mhr,fvYkd ajym&w,f}
]oGm;&JUvm;}

ÓPuxm 541
]oGm;awmhomG ;w,f? jyLwif;aygufem;rSm rwf&yfpm;yGcJ if;Ny;D

Munf&h if;eJY xrif;pm;aew,f/ tJonfuae qGr;f uyfvv Ykd nf; wdu
k f
wGef;aew,f}
]q&mawmfu bmvkyfaevJ}
]qGr;f yGBJ u;D vSnyhf wfMunfNh y;D pOf;pm;aew,f}
]b,fvdkpOf;pm;wmvJ bk&m;}
]bk&m;qGr;f uyfwv hJ yk if ef;udk igvky&f awmhr,f/ olrsm;awG
u ightwGuf aiGuek v f yl ef; vkyx f m;MuNy/D igjiif;vdv
Yk nf; rawmf
bl;/ onfawmh ig-b,fvu kd yfrvJ-}vdYk pOf;pm;&wmyJ}
]q&mawmfu bk&m;qGrf;ruyfzl;bl;vm;}
]i,fpOfuawmh ausmif;rSmqGrf;uyfwJhvkyfief;udk OD;Zif;yJ
tNrvJ yk cf w hJ myJ/ 'gayrJY tJonfausmif;u xGuv f mNy;D uwnf;u
pmoifwu kd rf mS a&m awmausmif;rSmyg wpfcgrS bk&m;qGr;f uyfwm
rvkyfawmhbl;}
]bmjzpfvYkd ruyfwmvJ bk&m;}
]ruyfoifb h ;l vdYk tawG;tac:½Sv d Ykd r[kwyf gbl;/ uyfzYkd
vdktyfw,f rxifvdkYyJ &SdrSmygyJ}
]bmjzpfvYkd uyfzv Ykd t kd yfw,f rxifwmvJ bk&m;}
]xrif;auR;&w,fqdkwm touf&SdwJhvludk touf&SifEdkif
atmif vkyfwmyJvdkY ,lqvdkYyg}
]ylaZmfw,fqdkvsifaum bk&m;}
]ylaZmfw,fqw kd m auR;wmeJY twlwyl gyJ}

542 ÓPuxm
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]udk,fhxufjrwfwJhvludk auR;wmusawmh vSLw,f? udk,feJY
wlol ay;wmauR;wmudk ay;w,f? ud, k x hf uferd o hf u l kd ay;wmauR;
wmusawmh pGefYw,f? tjrwfqHk;oludk ay;wmauR;wmusawmh
ylaZmfw,f ajym&wmyJ}
]bk&m;udk qGr;f eJyY al Zmfw,fqw kd m bk&m;udk qGr;f vSLw,f
ay;w,f? auR;w,f-qdkwmeJY twlyJaygh bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]tck bk&m;qGr;f uyfzYkd BuKH wt hJ cgrSm bmudpk Of;pm;wmvJ
bk&m;}
]ud, k zhf momud, k f ruyfjzpfcahJ yrJh uyfwmoifçh roifh twd
tus qH;k jzwfcw hJ m r&Sad wmh tckvu kd yfzjYkd zpfvmawmh twdtus
qH;k jzwfzYkd vdv
k mvdyYk aJ ygh}
]q&mawmf b,fvq kd ;kH jzwfcsuf xGucf o hJ vJ}
]ruyfawmhbl;vdkYyJ}
]b,fvpkd Of;pm;vdv Yk J bk&m;}
]qGr;f uyfw,fqw kd m qGr;f ay;vSL auR;arG;wmyJ/ ay;w,f
qdw k m tcsuaf v;csuaf vmuf&rdS S ay;wmajrmufr,f/ ay;olç,lol
eJY ay;wJhypönf;? ay;csifpdwfyJ/ onfav;ckrSm ,lolrJhaew,f/
ay;vnf; tay; rajrmufb;l ? tay;rajrmufbJ ay;wJv h yk if ef;udk
odoal wG rvky&f bl;/ ig[m rodorl [kwb f ;l / 'gaMumifh ray;bl;
vdkYyJ}

ÓPuxm 543
]tJonfawmh bmvkyfovJ}
]bk&m;a&SUrSm rwfwyf&yf &Scd ;kd OD;ñTwNf y;D 'umrBu;D xrif;
pm;wJhbuf xGufvmcJhw,f}
]'umrBu;D bmajymvdYk q&mawmfu bmajymvJ}
]'umrBu;D -Ny;D cJNY y}D -vdyYk J ajymvduk w f ,f/ 'umrBu;D u &if
ywf vufet YJ yk Nf y;D ? ]bke;f Bu;D [m qGr;f ruyfawmYb;l vm;? bke;f Bu;D
[m or®m'd|rd S [kw&f UJ vm;? ig-bke;f Bu;D ud;k uG,w f m rSm;Nyv D m;}-eJY
jrnfweG pf um; ajymwmaygY}
]q&mawmfu bmjyefajymvJ}
]onfvjkd zpf&wmtwGuf pdwrf aumif;ygbl;/ 'umrBu;D
wdu Yk aiGuek v f yl ef; vkyx f m;&wm/ OD;Zif;u acgif;rmovdk jzpfae
w,f/ onfawmh 'gtwGuOf ;D Zif; tvkyw f pfcv
k yk yf gr,fvYkd ajym&
w,f/ onfawmh ]bmvkyrf mS vJ}-vdYk 'umrBu;D jyefajymw,f}
]q&mawmfu bmajymvJ}
]bk&m;vufxufu ax&max&DawG&UJ tw¬Kyw Ü adå wG &Sad e
Muw,f/ olwYkd bmudv k yk cf v
hJ Ykd b,fvjkd zpfvmw,f ajymxm;Mu
w,f/ tJonftxJrmS rax&ferYJ ax&fr wpfO;D OD;u olw[ Ykd m ao
Ny;D bk&m; wpfqq l u l kd qGr;f uyfcyhJ gw,f ajymvsif aemifukd OD;Zif;u
qGrf;uyfygYr,f/ rygvsif OD;Zif; qGrf;ruyfwmudk 'umrBuD;u
cGifhvTwfay;ygvdkY-yJ}
]'umrBu;D u bmajymvJ}
]vkyyf gvdyYk J ajymygw,f}

544 ÓPuxm
]q&mawmfu vkyfa&mvm;}
]vkyf&NyDaygh}
]ax&max&DawGu trsm;BuD;vm;}
][kwfw,f}
]olwaYkd umif;rIawG q&mawmfu pm&if;jyKp&k rSmaygh}
]jyK&w,f}
]aemuf bmvkyo f vJ}
]ypön;f wl&mawG aygif;&w,f}
]trsKd ;awG trsm;Bu;D xGurf mS yJ}
]xGufwmaygh}
]vGeNf y;D bk&m;qGr;f vSLwm rygbl;vm;}
]rygbl;}
]awmfao;wmaygh}
][kww f maygY/ onfpm&if;udk 'umrBu;D zwfv&Ykd wJth xd
&Si;f Ny;D 'umrBu;D jy&w,f/ 'umrBu;D wdYk qif;&JwmtwGuf OD;Zif;
vnf; tqif;&JcNH y;D Ny/D auseyfygawmhvYkd ajym&w,f}
]'umrBuD;ubmajymvJ}
]rausEikd bf ;l vdYk ajymw,f}
]q&mawmfu bmvkyfovJ}
]rauseyfcsiv f nf; &w,f/ onfpm&if;udk pme,fZif;awG
rSm a&;NyD; bk&m;apwDrSm qGrf;ruyfoifhaMumif; pma&;r,f-ajym
vdkufw,f}

ÓPuxm 545
]'umrBu;D bmajymvJ}
]bke;f Bu;D ruyfcsif aeyg/ olrsm;awGruyfatmif pmra&;
ygeJ/Y ausygYr,fajym&wmaygh}
]q&mawmfrYkd wwfEikd w f ,f}
]bk&m;apwDrmS yef;awG? qDr;D awGuaumbk&m;}
]*kPjf yKwmyJ aumif;ygw,f}
]qGr;f eJ*Y Pk jf yKw,fqv kd siaf um bk&m;}
]aoNy;D olukd xrif;yGeJ YJ *kPjf yK&w,fqw kd m wapäBu;D ypfwm
yJ &Sw d ,f/ rawmfrwJyh g}
]bmjyKvdkYvJ bk&m;}
]OD;Zif;wdb Yk &k m;u wapäBu;D rS r[kww f myJ}
]&Scd ;kd wmaum bk&m;}
]½dkaoav;jrwfwm aumif;ygw,f}
]pmawGtrsdK;rsdK;eJY tMumBuD;&Sdcdk;wmuaum}
]tJ'gawGuawmh rwefr&mawG vkyMf uwmygyJ}
]bk&m;&JU jrifjh rwfru I kd b,favmufov d Ykd onfvakd jymEdik &f
wmvJ? ud, k u f bmvJ? ud, k vhf o kd ul bk&m;vdjk rifjh rwfou l kd onfvkd
ajymydik cf iG hf ½Srd vm;/ wyfom;wpfa,muf[m Adv k cf sKyu
f kd onfvkd
EIwq f ufciG &hf rdS vm;/ avmutpOftvmuRr;f vsif 'gawGoo d ifyh g
w,f}
]av;eufygw,fbk&m;}

546 ÓPuxm
72/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd r*¾iaf csmif? ajrmufq&mBu;D Z&yfü

ajrmufq&mBuD;tm; &SifÓPajymaom tmumoynwfpum;
]a&Tjrifwifbkef;BuD;uav; onfyef;pifatmufu uGyfyspf

rSm cPavmuf oDwif;oH;k ygOD; bk&m;}
]bmudpö&SdvdkYvJ 'umrBuD;}
]pm;aumif;aomufz, G u f av; &Sad evdYk uyfvu kd cf siv f yYkd g}
]raeYu {nfhonfvmvdkY pm;p&muav;awG ygvmw,f
bk&m;}
]b,fuvmMuwJh {nfhonfawGvJ}
]rEÅav;uyg/ bke;f Bu;D uav;? tJ'g tuyfcv H u kd yf g? bkO;f
ay;ygbk&m;}
]'umrBuD;wkdYusef;rma&; b,fvdkaeovJ}
]aumif;vdkufçraumif;vdkufyJ bk&m;}
]use;f rma&;[m pdwef v YJ nf; ywfoufw,faemf? pdwcf sr;f
omatmifvnf; aeay;OD;}
]aeygw,f bk&m;? bmrS pdwq f if;&Jp&mvnf; r&Syd gbl;}
]bke;f Bu;D av;wdaYk wmh ae&wmtqifajy&JUvm; bk&m;}
]ajyygw,f}
]i,fawmh 'umrBu;D wdu Yk odypf w
d rf cscsib
f ;l }
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}

ÓPuxm 547
]odyBf u;D wdwq

f w
d af ewJt
h csed rf mS pdwaf wGord if ,faervm;
vdkYyJ}
]rpd;k &dryf geJY 'umrBu;D }
]aumif;ygY bk&m;}
]'umrBu;D udk tckvakd wGUwke;f ar;&OD;r,f}
]bmtaMumif;vJ bk&m;}
]rd;k ukwq f &mawmfBu;D eJY tJonfukd 'umrBu;D a&mufomG ;
wm? jyefvmwm taMumif;aygh}
]ar;ygbk&m;}
]rd;k ukwq f &mawmfBu;D udk OD;Zif;wdYk rrDvu kd b
f ;l / ol&Y yd o
f meJY
olw
Y &m;acGawGawmh embl;ygw,f}
]oabmus&JUvm; bk&m;}
]q&mawmfBu;D u w&m;a[m odyaf umif;wmyJ}
][kww f ,f bk&m;}
]olaY [muGuaf wG pmtky½f u kd wf m OD;Zif;zwfw,f? vufu
rcscsiaf vmufatmify?J em&wmvnf; rNi;D aiGUEkid af tmifygyJ}
]q&mawmfBu;D u ud, k w f ikd o f Nd y;D a[majymwmqdak wmh t
vGeyf w
D m bk&m;}
]wumrBu;D tJonfomG ;yHk ajymygOD;}
]r*¾iaf csmifBu;D uvnf; olc;kd ? "m;jyaMumufae&w,f/ w
&m;uvnf; wumrBu;D wdYk q&mawmfBu;D jycJw Y myJ &Sw
d ,f/ aemuf
xyf trGr;f trHvnf; r&Sb d ;l }

548 ÓPuxm
]q&mawmfBu;D r&Sw d mvnf; MumrSy}J

][kwfw,f bk&m;/ rdk;ukwfq&mawmfBuD; ay:vmawmh
q&mawmfBu;D u y&d,wfvnf; wwfoq l akd wmh tJonfyJ rScD akd wmh
r,fqNkd y;D 'umrBu;D vnf; ajymif;oGm;wmyJ}
]q&mawmfBuD;eJY tMumBuD;ae&&JUvm;}
]ae&wmaygh bk&m;}
]'umrBu;D wd[ Yk m wynfBh u;D awG jzpfaerSmyJaemf}
][kww f maygY bk&m;? y#dywfwynfBh u;D awGxrJ mS 'umr
Bu;D wdyYk J a&SUuaygh}
]r*¾iaf csmifu oGm;Muwm trsm;Bu;D yJaemf}
]ausmif;tpfrBu;D a':tke;f cif? a':a&Tusif nDtpfrwdaYk &m?
wjcm;wynfhawGa&myJ}
]tJonfu b,fvdkjyefvmMuovJ}
]q&mawmfBu;D uvnf; jyefawmfrw l ,f/ &dyo f mOD;pD;awG
vnf; pdwrf wnfNird b f ;l ? a':tke;f cifvnf; aow,f? rif;uGe;f u
vnf; olc;kd ç"m;jy Nird o f mG ;Ny?D 'geJY jyefvmcJw h myJ}
]'umrBu;D u odyt f m;xkww f ,fvYkd od&w,f}
]b,fvdkodwmvJ bk&m;}
]wpfcgwpfcgrSm aeaumif;vsuef yYJ J ud, k [ hf mud,
k f rxEdik f
awmhb;l vdYk jzpfaew,f-qdw k mrsKd ; jzpfwthJ xd&w dS ,f od&w,f}
][kww f ,f bk&m;}
]b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ}

ÓPuxm 549
]vlu aysmaY vsmo Y mG ;vdu k w f m Murf;ayguftMum; pke0Yf if

oGm;awmhrvdktxd pdwfrSmxif&w,f}
]tJonfvakd wG Mum;w,f}
]tck tJonfw&m;awG qufymG ;rsm;aewmyJvm;}
]use;f rma&;t& enf;enf;aygh bk&m;}
]w&m;awGvnf; ppfppfaq;aq;vkyzf Ykd vdak umif; vdrk ,f
aemf}
]q&mawmfBu;D u taotcsm a[mxm;wmyg}
]OD;Zif;jzifh tJonfa[mcsuaf wGukd aumif;w,f rjrifwwf
atmif jzpfcw hJ ,f}
]bkef;BuD;wdkYu i,fao;vdkYyg}
]onfvdkawmh ajymEdkifwmyJ}
][kwfygw,fbk&m;}
]'umrBu;D u aocsmw,fxifvsif OD;Zif;enf;enf; pdppf
Munfhcsifw,f}
]vkyaf ygYb&k m; &ygw,f}
]q&mawmfBu;D u 'umrBu;D wdu Yk kd w&m;jywm[m bmudk
t½Icdkif;wmvJ}
]½kyçf emrfçy&rwfawG&UJ tjzpftysuu f akd ygh bk&m;}
]tjzpftysuu f kd jrifEikd yf gYrvm; 'umrBu;D }
]jrifwmaygY bk&m;}
]rjrifb;l vdYk OD;Zif;xifw,f}

550 ÓPuxm
]½kyçf emrfjzpfysuuf jrifvrYkd &wJt h &m jzpfvyYkd }J
]bkef;BuD;uvJ-}
]q&mawmfBu;D u jzpfysuo f mG ;wJah &SUpdwu f kd aemufpw d u
f
jrifw,fvYkd ajymw,faemf 'umrBu;D }
]a&SUpdw&f UJ tjzpftysuu f kd aemufpw d jf rifwmaygh bk&m;}
]tJ'g wu,fr[kwb f ;l xifw,f}
]bmjrifwmxifvdkYvJ bk&m;}
]ynwf}
]ynwfjrifwm bm0emrSr[kww f mbJ bk&m;? y&rwfjrifrS
bm0emyJ}
][kww f ,f? 0dyóemqdw k m y&rwfjrif&r,fqw kd m Mum;
zl;ygw,f}
]tJonftwdkif;aygY bk&m;}
]'gayrJY wu,f½w I m y&rwfukd r½Irb d ;l vdyYk J odrwd ,f}
]bke;f Bu;D y&rwfurkd ad tmif r½Iwwfb;l eJY wlw,f}
]tJ'g wumrBu;D eJY enf;enf; ndM§ unfch siw f ,f}
]rvkyyf geJY bk&m;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ wumrBuD;}
]bkef;BuD;wdkYu i,folyJ}
]OD;Zif;rSm;vsiv f nf; OD;Zif;jyif&wmaygY? wumrBu;D rSm;ae
vsif enf;enf;yg;yg; jyefppd pfEidk w f maygY}

ÓPuxm 551
]bke;f Bu;D u pdwrf qd;k eJaY emf}

]tr,fav; 'umrBuD;uvnf;}
]uJè'gqdak jym bk&m;}
]'umrBuD;udk enf;enf;ar;Munfhcsifw,f? tJ'gcGifhjyKyg}
]ar;bk&m;}
]wumrBu;D y&rw¬opöm tbd"r®mawGukd i,fpOfuwnf;
u oifMum;xm;MuwmyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJonfxu J pnf;wcsKd Uudk ar;Munfch siwf ,f}
]ar;yg}
]pdw[
f m jzpfay:wJt h cg wpfcsed w
f nf;rSm ESpcf Nk yKd iNf y;D jzpfciG hf
&Sdovm;}
]b,f&rdS mS vnf; bk&m;}
]pdw[f m wpfcjk zpfNy;D rS wpfcjk zpf&wmvm;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]wpfNyKd ief uf ESppf w
d rf jzpfawmifrS pdwwf pfcek w YJ pfck enf;
enf;yg;yg;xyfwm &SEd ikd of vm;}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]pdww f pfv;kH rSm cPi,fo;kH ck &Sw d ,fayghAsm}
]wifyg}
]Oyg'fçXDçbif-aygh}
][kwfygw,f}

552 ÓPuxm
]pdww f pfcu k jzpfvYkd Oyg'favmuf? 'grSr[kwf XDavmuf t

a&mufaygh? bif-ra&mufraD ygh/ aemufjzpfrnfph w d [ f m Oyg'fqNkd y;D
pjzpfay:NyvD m;/ tJonfvkd jzpfEikd cf iG hf &So
d vm;aygh}
]b,f&EdS ikd rf vJaygh bk&m;}
]jyefajymygOD;}
]a&SUpdwf bifjzpfNy;D rS aemufjzpfwphJ w d f Oyg'fjzpf&w,faygh
bk&m;}
][kwfNyDAsm}
]'gèy&rwf&UJ obm0yJ bk&m;}
][kwu f ?hJ 'gètrSeaf emf 'umrBu;D }
]'gètrSeyf aJ ygY bk&m;}
]'gèrSefvsifawmh}
]bmjzpfvJ bk&m;}
]'umrBuD;wdkY rSm;MuNyD}
]r[kww f myJ bk&m;}
][kwfw,f? wu,fyJ}
]rSm;yHk ajymygOD;bk&m;}
]jzpfysuo f wd ,fqw kd hJ pdw[
f m ½IwphJ w
d rf [kwv f m; 'umr
BuD;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]jzpfwmysuw f mu todc&H wJt Y ½IcpH wd &f UJ jzpfwmysuwf m
r[kwfvm;}

ÓPuxm 553
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}

]t½IcpH w d ef YJ ½Ipw d [ f m wpfcsed w f nf;rSm twlNyKd ijf zpfEikd w f m
r[kwfbl; r[kwfvm;}
]rjzpfEdkifygbl; bk&m;}
]t½IcpH w d f jzpfysuNf y;D vdYk r&Sw d ahJ emufrS ½IwphJ wd u f jzpfay:
rSmr[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
][kwv f sif ½Ipw d af rG;zGm;wJt h csed rf mS t½IcpH w
d af oNy;D Ny?D r&Sd
awmhb;l aygYaemf 'umrBu;D }
][kwfygw,f}
]t½IcpH w d f raoraysmufcifuvnf; ½IwpYJ w d [ f m rarG;
rzGm;ao;bl;aemf 'umrBu;D }
][kwfygw,f}
]½Ipwd af rG;zGm;wJt h csed rf mS t½IcpH w d [ f m wpfpeG ;f wpfpawmif
ruseaf tmif csKyq f ;kH cJNh y;D NyaD emf}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gqdkvsif t½IcHpdwf&JU tjzpftysufudk b,fvdkjrifrSmvJ
'umrBuD;}
]tif;èonfvakd wmh [kww f myJ}
]OD;Zif;wGuw f m rSm;w,fxifvsif 'umrBu;D u ajz;ajz;jyif
yg/ OD;Zif;u vufc&H rSmaygh}
]OD;Zif;vdk rawG;rdb;l }

554 ÓPuxm
]'umrBu;D udk aemufypkH w H pfck ajymMunfrh ,f}

]ajymyg bk&m;}
]tckxikd w f ahJ e&mu wpfjcm;ae&mudk 'umrBu;D a&TUxdik f
r,f qdkygawmh}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]aemufxikd w f ahJ e&ma&mufaewJh 'umrBu;D u a&TUcJw h aYJ e
&mrSm &Scd whJ hJ 'umrBu;D udk awGUEdik yf gYrvm;}
]b,fawGUEdik rf vJ bk&m;}
]bmèawGUrSmvJ}
]bmrS rawGUbl;aygh bk&m;}
]onfvakd wmh r[kwaf o;ygbl; 'umrBu;D }
]bmawGUvdkYvJ bk&m;}
]'umrBuD;xdkifoGm;wJhae&mudk awGU&w,fr[kwfvm;}
]'gawmh awGUrSmayghb&k m;}
]'gawmhrvkyef YJ 'umrBu;D }
]'umrBu;D [m aemufae&ma&mufomG ;vsif t&ifae&mrSm
'umrBu;D r&Sad wmhbJ 'umrBu;D ae&mudyk J awGU&vdyYk }J
][kwfwmaygh}
]½Ipwd af ygufzmG ;vdYk ½INyq
D vkd sif t½IcpH w
d [
f m r&Sad wmhwmyJ
'umrBu;D wdYk awGU&rSm jzpfvyYkd }J
]at;èbk&m;}

ÓPuxm 555
]'gusrS tifwifwifrvkyef YJ 'umrBu;D }

]b,fvv kd yk &f rSmvJ bk&m;}
]'gyJawGU&rSmaygYvYkd ÓPfa&mufvu kd &f rSmyJ}
]bke;f Bu;D u twif;ajymaeNy}D
]OD;Zif;ajymwmawGukd 'umrBu;D urS rjiif;Edik cf yhJ [
J myJ}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]ae&m[m ynwfvm;? y&rwfvm;}
]ynwfaygY bk&m;}
]bmynwfvJ}
]tJ'gajymygOD; bk&m;}
]tmumoynwf-yJ}
]'umrBu;D wdu Yk tmumoynwfBu;D udk ½IymG ;aeMuwm
vm;}
]tmumomeÍöm,wepsmefawG yGm;rsm;aeMuwmyg}
]bkef;BuD;u ajymwwfvdkufwm}

556 ÓPuxm
73/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd ? r*¾iaf csmif? ajrmufq&mBu;D Z&yfü

ajrmufq&mBu;D tm; 'kw, d tBurd f &SiÓ f Pajymaom
wrvGef0g'pum;
]bkef;BuD;aeaumif;&JUvm; bk&m;}
]aumif;ygw,f? 'umrBu;D wdaYk um aeaumif;Mu&JUvm;}
]wumrBu;D wdu Yk Bu;D NyyD J bk&m;}
]use;f rmatmif *½kpu kd yf g}
]aumif;ygNyD bk&m;? bkO;f ay;p&muav;awG bkO;f ay;ygOD;}
]bke;f Bu;D eJaY wGUwke;f ar;&OD;r,f}
]bmtaMumif;vJ 'umrBuD;}
]bkef;BuD;ajymw,fqdkwJh pum;wpfckudkygyJ}
]bmpum;vJ 'umrBuD;}
]onfausmif;xJu oDv&Siu f av;awGukd ajymwJph um;yJ}
]aoNy;D aemufepYJ yfwhJ pum;awGvm;}
][kwfw,f? ar;MuvGef;vdkY ajzay;vdkufwmyg}
]b,fvkd ar;MuwmvJ}
]aoNy;D jzpfrmS vm;çrjzpfrmS vm; qdw k mawGaygh}
]tJ'gudk bke;f Bu;D u b,fvakd jzvdv Yk }J
]aoNy;D aemuf[m OD;Zif;t,ltjrifxrJ mS rygbl;vdyYk ?J 'gayrJY
olwu
Ykd rauseyfb;l }
]'gaMumifh bmajymvdu k o f vJ}

ÓPuxm 557
]&[EÅmwpfyg; aowm&,f?vlwpfa,muf aowm&,f? acG;

wpfaumifaowm&,f? opfyifwpfyifaowm&,f? onfaorIav;
rsdK;[m twlwljzpfw,fvdkYyJ}
]onfawmh olwu Ykd bmjyefajymMuvJ}
]rajymMuawmhbl;}
]bke;f Bu;D bm&nf&, G cf suef YJ onfvakd jymwmvJ}
]opfyif[m taumif;tqd;k ? tusKd ;tjypfawG ½Sw d ,f}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]tJonfopfyif r½Sad wmhvsi?f tJonfopfyifeYJ pyfwhJ t
aumif;çtqdk;? tusdK;çtjypf ajymp&mr½Sdawmhbl; r[kwfvm;}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]acG;wpfaumif[mvnf; onfvykd gyJ/ tJonfacG; ½Sad o;pOf
rSmyJ ajymp&m ½Syd gw,f/ r&Sv d siaf wmh ajymp&m r½Sad wmhb;l aygh}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]vlwpfa,mufeYJ &[EÅmwpfyg;vnf; onfvykd v J Ykd ajymvdk
wmyg}
]bkef;BuD;u b,fvdkajymvdkufwmvJ}
]Ak'0¨ g'vdk ajymvdu k w f mygyJ}
]Ak'0¨ g'u b,fvrkd v Ykd }J
]'ku?© 'kuj© zpfaMumif;eJY 'kuN© ird ;f &m? 'kuN© ird ;f aMumif;awG[m
todpw d ef YJ trSwo f nm&Sw d hJ vlrmS yJ jzpfw,fvYkd a[mwm&Sw d ,ff
r[kwfvm;}

558 ÓPuxm
][kwfygw,f}
]bk&mYw&m;[m opömav;yg;eJu Y if;wm r½Sb
d ;l r[kwvf m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gqdv k sif Ak'0¨ g'[m vlraorD0g'aygh 'umrBu;D }
]vlraorDrmS om taumif;çtqd;k ? tusKd ;çtjypf a&wGuf
wJ0h g'-aygh}
][kwfw,f 'umrBuD;}
]'gaMumifh opfyifçwd&pämef? vle&YJ [EÅm aowmtwlyaJ jym
w,fvm; bk&m;}
][kww f ,f r[kwv f m;? 'umrBu;D }
]onfuaeY,al ewJh Ak'b ¨ momeJaY wmh rwlawmhb;l aygh bk
&m;}
]b,fvrkd wlwmvJ? vkyyf gOD;}
]onfaeY Ak'b ¨ momu taumif;çtqd;k ? tusKd ;çtjypfawG
udk a&SUb0? aemufb0awGeJY qufaew,fvdkY ,lxm;aeMuNyDyJ
bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]onfawmh rwlb;l aygh bk&m;}
]rwlvsif wpfral wmhy,frS jzpfrmS yJ? Ak'b ¨ momwpfcw k nf;
u ESprf al wmh r&SEd ikd &f bl;yJ? r[kwb
f ;l vm;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]Ak'b¨ mom[m ypöu0© g'vm;ç wrvGe0f g'vm;aygh}

ÓPuxm 559
]trsm;uawmh wrvGe0f g'vdYk odaeMuwmyJ}

]bk&m;uaum wrvGe0f g'vdyYk J ajymovm;aygh}
]bk&m;u 'kuj© zpf&mjzpfaMumif;eJY Nird ;f &mNird ;f aMumif;yJ a[m
w,f? tJ'gawGuvnf; ypöur© mS yJa[mw,fqakd wmh ypöu0© g' jzpf
aewmaygh}
]tJonfawmh trsm;rleYJ bk&m;rlqNkd y;D Ak'b ¨ momu ESprf l
jzpfaewmaygh}
]onfvdkawmh r[kwfbl;xifw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ 'umrBuD;}
]avmukw&å mrSm ypöua© [mNy;D avmuDrmS wrvGeaf [m
wm jzpfr,f}
]'umrBu;D u b,frrl S ry,fcsiv f Ykd aygif;Ny;D ,lvu kd Nf yD xif
w,f}
]tuRww f &m; r&ao;olawG wrvGeo f mG ;? &olu ypöu©
rSmuRwaf ygY bk&m;? onfvkd rjzpfEikd b
f ;l vm;}
]onfvdk rjzpfEdkifygbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJbk&m;}
]ruRwaf o;ol[m 'kuj© zpf&mjzpfaMumif;awGxJ vnfywf
aeolawGyJ r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfoal wGvnf; bk&m;a[mwJh t&d,opömcGix f u J yJ jzpf
aew,f r[kwv f m;}

560 ÓPuxm
][kwfygw,f}
]tJ'gqdv k sif ypöuy© jJ zpfrmS aygh}
]onfvq kd vkd sif wrvGeu f Ak'b ¨ momxJ b,fvv kd yk Nf y;D
a&mufvmwmvJ}
]tJ'guawmh t&SnBf u;D ajymMu&rSmyJ}
]twdck sKyNf y;D ajymMunfph rf;yg bk&m;}
]bk&m;r&Sw d ahJ emufay:wJh pmawGaMumifh Ak'b
¨ momxJ wr
vGe0f g' a&mufaewmyJ}
]aemufay:pmqdkwm t|uxmawGvm;}
]tJ'gawGvnf; aemufay:aygh}
]wjcm; bmawGygao;vJ}
]tbd"r®mawGaygh}
]tbd"r®mckESpfusrf;vm;}
]tJ'gawG ruygbl;}
][ifèbkef;BuD;uvJ}
]b,fvdkvJ wumrBuD;}
]tbd"r®mqdw k m bk&m;a[mxm;wJh "r®awGukd csUJ vdjYk zpfap?
csHKUvdkYjzpfap azmfjywJh usrf;wpfckck&JUemrnfyJ 'umrBuD;&JU? onf
awmh trsm;Bu;D aygh}
]'umrBuD;wdkYu bmjzpfvdkYckESpfusrf;xJ odae&wmvJ}
]½dk;vdkYaygh}

ÓPuxm 561
]tèw,fvYkd ajymcsiw f m r[kwv f m;? ajymomajymyg bk&m;?

cH&rSmygyJ}
][kww f ,f 'umrBu;D wdu Yk olrsm;ajymwmyJ vdu k af jymol
r[kwv f m;/ ud, k [ hf mud, k f rajymwwfb;l yJ}
]b,fvv kd yk Nf y;D ud, k [ hf mud, k f ajym&rSmvJ bk&m;}
]tbd"r®mqdw k m bk&m;a[mwJ"h r® r[kwb f ;l / bk&m;a[m
wJ"h r®ukd csUJ xm;çcsKH Uxm;wmawG tm;vH;k yJ? 'gayrJY pwkw¬ oH*g,em
wifwek ;f u onfvu kd sr;f rsKd ;u ckEpS cf yk ½J adS o;vdYk ckEpS u
f sr;f ajym&wm/
aemufqdkvsifawmh trsm;tjym;aygh}
]'umrBu;D wdu Yk pwkwo ¬ *H g,emaemufu usr;f awGukd t
bd"r®mrSe;f rodb;l aygh}
]olrsm;awGu rajymwmeJY rodb;l / olrsm;awGajymwJh ckEpS f
usrf;yJ odw,fr[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]½d;k w,fqw kd m tJ'gaygh}
]tJonf tbd"r®mckEpS u f sr;f u bk&m;a[mr[kwb f ;l vm;}
]'umrBuD;u b,fvdkodaewmvJ}
]bk&m;a[mvdYk odwmyJ}
]b,fvakd wG trSwt f om;&vdYk odwmvJ/ tJ'g enf;enf;
ajymygOD;}
]tJ'gèt½SnfBuD;yJ}
]csHKUajymyg}

562 ÓPuxm
]bk&m; wdwad¬ wGeYJ wefc;kd NyKd iwf ,f}

][kwfNyD}
]Ny;D awmh wm0wðom wufomG ;w,f/ tJonfrmS trdewf
trSL;xm;Ny;D tbd"r®mudk oH;k vMumatmif a[mw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]tJonfa[mcsuu f kd wpfaeYwpfBurd f ½Sio f m&dyMk wmudk t
usO;f csKH ; a[mw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]½Sio f m&dyMk wmu olw Y ynfh &[ef;awGukd bk&m;qDuMum;&
wm enf;enf;csUJ Ny;D a[majymw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]½Sio f m&dyMk wm wynf&h [ef;awGuqDuae wqifh tck&
[ef;awGqD a&mufw,f/ onfvo kd &d wmyJ}
]tckajymcJw h mawG[m tbd"r®m&JU ed'gef;awGaygh}
][kww f ,f bk&m;}
]tJonftaMumif;awGu b,fu&wmvJar;vsif 'umr
Bu;D u b,fvakd jzrvJ}
]rodb;l ajz&rSmyJ}
]jzpfrvm; 'umrBu;D }
]rjzpfvnf; bmwwfEikd rf mS vJ/ ud, k rf rS odwmyJ bk&m;}
]onfvekd aYJ wmh Ny;D vdYk b,fjzpfrvJ}
]Ny;D wmawmh r[kwb f ;l aygY bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 563
]rNy;D vsif quf&OD;rSmyJ}

]qufyg bk&m;}
]bk&m;u wdwad¬ wGeYJ wefc;kd NyKd iw
f t hJ aMumif; b,frmS a[m
wJh bk&m;&JUw&m;xJrmS ygovJ? 'gè'umrBu;D awGUzl;ovm;/ olrsm;
a[moHudk wpfqifhMum;zl;ovm;}
]rawGUbl;? rMum;bl;yg bk&m;}
]ewfjynfwufwJh taMumif;aum}
]onfvykd gyJ bk&m;}
]tbd"r®mw&m;a[mwJh taMumif;aum 'umrBu;D }
]b,frmS a[mwJh bk&mYw&m;rSmqdw k m awGUvnf; rawGU&
bl;? Mum;vnf; rMum;zl;ygbl; bk&m;}
]½Sio
f m&dyMk wmudk emewfawmrSmqdv k m; a[mw,fqw kd hJ
taMumif;aum}
]tJ'gvnf; b,fb&k m;a[mrSmrS rawGUzl;ygbl;/ awGUzl;
w,fqNkd y;D a[majymwmvnf; rem&ygbl;}
]tJ'gawGaygh 'umrBu;D }
]tJ'gawG bmjzpfovJ bk&m;}
]'umrBu;D wdaYk vmuf pmwwfwo hJ al wG? pmeJ&Y if;ES;D olawG?
pmayynm½Sif qdkolawGeJY &if;ESD;olawG? onfvdkolawG rawGU
avmuf? rMum;avmufatmif bmaMumifjh zpf&vJvYkd awG;zdrYk aumif;
bl;vm;}
]tvsifu rawG;rdzl;bl;}

564 ÓPuxm
]tckawG;awmh 'umrBu;D }
]bk&m;ra[mvdkYbJ jzpf&rSmyJvdkY tajzxGufrSmaygh bk&m;}
][kww f maygh? bk&m;a[mvsif bk&m;a[meJY onfavmuf
&if;ES;D aewJoh al wGyJ awGU&rSmaygh/ ud, k rhf awGUaomfrS awGUol pum;
wpfqifh Mum;&rSmaygh}
]bk&m;a[mrSmr½Sb d J bmjzpfvYkd onfvo kd ad e&wmvJb&k m;}
]bk&m;r&Sw d ahJ emufrmS a[molawGu a[mvdYk odae&wm
aygh}
]onfvdkqdkvsif bk&m;}
]bmjzpfvJ 'umrBuD;}
]onftbd"r®mckESpfusrf;[m bk&m;a[mr[kwfbl;aygh}
][kwfw,fajymcsifvsif bk&m;ewfjynfwufwm&,f? trd
ewftrSL;&Sw d ehJ wfawGukd w&m;a[mw,fqw kd m&,f? ½Sio f m&dyMk wm
udk tusO;f a[mw,fqw kd m&,f? onfo;kH csu[ f m bk&m;a[m b,f
ae&mrSm &Sw d ,f/ tJ'g rjyEdik v f siaf wmh bk&m;a[mtjzpf ajymvdYk
&rSm r[kwb f ;l }
]tJonfcEk pS u f sr;f [m tbd"r®musr;f awmh [kww f ,faemf
bk&m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tbd"r®m[m onfèckEpS u f sr;f yJvm; r[kwv f m;}
]onfvakd wmh r[kwb f ;l }
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 565
]t|uxm?#Dum?tEk#Dum?*@d qdkwmawG r[kwfwJhusrf;

awG &Swd ,fr[kwv f m; wumrBu;D }
]½Sw
d ,f? y#dorÇ'd gr*fwYkd rdvEd y´ O§m§ 0w¬KwYkd qdw
k mawGvm;
bk&m;}
]tJonfusrf;awGvnf; tbd"r®mawGyJ}
]tJ'gawGukd tbd"r®mvdYk bmaMumifrh ac:wmvJ bk&m;}
]pwkwo ¬ *H g,emwifNy;D aemufusraS y:wJu h sr;f rdaYk ygh/ olwYkd
ayay: rSww f rf;wifpOfu r½Sad o;vdYk rac:wmyg}
]pwkw¬oH*g,emu ayay:wifNyD;rSay:wJh usrf;awGjzpfvdkY
tbd"r®mvdYk rac:jzpfwmvdYk qdv k wkd mvm; bk&m;}
][kww f maygh wumrBu;D }
]bk&m;&JU"r®awGu tydt k vGejf zpfwhJ "r®awG[m tbd"r®m
awGyJaygh}
][kww f maygh? tbd"r®mudk 0dN*Kd [jf yKMunfyh gvm;}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]tbdtwda&aum "ar®m? tbd"ar®m}-yJ r[kwv f m;}
]t"dygÜ ,f jyefygOD; bk&m;}
]tydt k vGejf zpfww hJ &m;[m tbd"r®myJaygh}
]bmètydktvGefvJ}
]bk&m;a[mxm;wJhw&m;u ydkwmvGefwmjzpfwmaygh}
]tJonfvdk,l&JUvm; bk&m;}
]bk&m;a[mw&m;xuf ydv k eG ef ufewJ mvdYk ,lcsiw f mvm;]

566 ÓPuxm
]tJonfvdk ,lw,fr[kwfvm;}
]tJonfvdk ,lvsifawm-h}
]bmjzpfw,f bk&m;}
]bk&m;xuf wwfoal wG jzpfomG ;rSmaygY? rawmfrwJh wum
rBuD;}
]0do|d w¬ukd vkyjf yygOD; bk&m;}
]bk&m;a[mw&m;xuf tjrwfq;kH jzpfww hJ &m;vdYk aumuf
vdrYk jzpfygbl;/ bk&m;çw&m;udk azmfjyrIrmS txl;jcm;qH;k jzpfw,fvYkd
om aumuf&rSmyg}
]tbd"r®mawG[m bk&m;a[mw&m;udk azmfjyMuwmawG
vm; bk&m;}
]tJonfvkd apwemeJcY sn;f a[majyma&;om;cJMh uwm [kwf
ygw,f/ 'gayrJv Y nf;-}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]apwem½Sad yrJY apwemtwdik ;f rjzpfMuwmawGvnf; ½Sw d m
aygY? jzpfwmawGvnf; ½Srd mS ygyJ}
]tbd"r®mawG[m bk&m;a[mw&m;udk csUJ wJt h cgrSm bk&m;
a[mw&m;eJY nDcsiv f nf; nDr,f? rnDcsiv f nf; rnDbJ &Srd nfh o
abmaygY}
][kwyf gw,f 'umrBu;D }
]tJ'gawGu b,foal wGvyk cf MhJ uwmvJ bk&m;}
]½Sio
f m&dyMk wmwynfh &[ef;*dP k ;f om;awG jzpfzYkd rsm;ygw,f}

ÓPuxm 567
]½Sio
f m&dyMk wmu bk&m;a[majymcsuaf wGukd csUJ ,lz?Ykd csKH U,lzYkd
ÓPfupm;Ny;D wynf&h [ef;awGukd a[majymavmufygw,f}
]bmjzpfvYkd onfvakd jymEdik w f mvJ}
]bk&m;ygVdrmS yJ bk&m;u ½Sio f m&dyMk wmudk onfvw kd u kd w
f eG ;f
wmuav;awG wpfpeG ;f wpfp awGU&ygw,f}
]onfvq kd akd wmh ½Sio f m&dyMk wmuvnf; vkyrf mS yJayghb&k m;}
]olvyk v f sif olw Y ynfah wGuvnf; olt Y avh ,lMurSmyJ r
[kwfvm;}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]onfawmh bk&m;a&m? ½Sio f m&dyMk wma&m ESpOf ;D vH;k r½Sw d hJ
aemufrmS tJonf&[ef;awG[m tJonfvyk if ef;awG vkyMf uwJyh kH
ygyJ}
]tJonftaMumif; tpGe;f tptjzpf bmawGU&vdv Yk J bk&m;}
]'kw,d oH*g,em wiftNy;D rSm oHCmawG uGMJ uw,f/ wwd
,oH*g,em wifcsed rf mS *dP k ;f wpfq,f½h pS *f Pkd ;f txd &Sw d ,f/ tJ
onfrmS ESp*f Pkd ;f qDrmS yJ tbd"r®m&Sw d ,f/ tJonf ESp*f P kd ;f uvnf;
ax&0g'0if ajcmuf*P kd ;f xJucsn;f jzpfw,f/ Ny;D awmh wpf*P kd ;f rSm&Sd
wJh tbd"r®meJY tjcm;wpf*P kd ;f rSm½Sw
d hJ tbd"r®m[m vH;k vH;k yJrwlMu
bl; jzpfaew,f/ 'gawG awGU&w,f}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}

568 ÓPuxm
]'gawGjrif&awmh tbd"r®m&JU yrmP[m ay:vGiv

f mwm
aygY}
]tbd"r®mqdw k m bk&m;a[m"r®awGxuf vGeu f aJ y:wJ"h r®
jzpfw,f/ tbd"r®m[m ckEpS u f sr;f xnf; r[kwb f ;l / tbd"r®musr;f
[m "r®usr;f xuf t&if;uswu hJ sr;f r[kwb f ;l / "r®usr;f awG[m
tbd"r®mawGxuf t&if;uswu hJ sr;f awGjzpfw,f/ onfvakd wG ay:
vGivf mygw,f bk&m;}
][kwfw,f 'umrBuD;}
]wumrBu;D wdu Yk ajymif;jyef jzpfaecJw h ,f}
]b,fvdkvJ 'umrBuD;}
]"r®ukd tbd"r®mrSmcsNy;D Munfw h ,f/ tbd"r®meJY rnDw"hJ r®
qdv
k sif vQKd xm;yJ}
]tJ'guawmh rawmfwmyJ}
]tckawmh tbd"r®mawGukd "r®awGeYJ ndM§ unf&h rSmayghb&k m;}
][kwfw,f}
]"r®u bk&m;a[mw&m; t&if;tjrpfy/J tbd"r®mu bk&m;
a[mudk ay:vGiaf tmifazmfwhJ tzsm;tem;aygh/ tzsm;tem;[m
wlcsiwf rl ,f? jcm;csivf nf; jcm;r,f jzpfEidk w f mawGyJ tmabmfvJG
vsif jcm;oGm;rSmyJ onfvv kd m; bk&m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tbd"r®mawG[m "r®eYJ wnf;jzwfwm cH&r,fqv kd sif tbd
"r®mawGuajymwJh wrvGejf yóemawG aysmufuek Mf urvm; bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 569
]aysmuf&rSmaygh}
]wrvGejf yóemu tbd"r®mawGazmfwhJ jyóemawmh
[kw&f UJ vm; bk&m;}
][kwfwmaygh}
]tJ'g bmtaxmuftxm;&Sv d v
Ykd J bk&m;}
]bk&m;a[mwJh "r®awGukd aoaocsmcsmpdppfMunfv h sif ypö
u©awGcsn;f jzpfwm txyfxyfeYJ tcdik t f rm awGU&r,f}
]b,fv[ kd mawGvJ bk&m;}
]opömav;yg;&JUwnf&mcGif jycsuaf wGeYJ tAsmuxe jyó
emcsuaf wG[m tvGeaf v;eufwhJ oufaoawGy}J
]Zmwuvm "r®a[mcsuaf wGukd b,fvv kd yk rf vJ bk&m;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]wrvGejf yóemawG r0ifb;l vm;}
]r0ifygbl;}
]bk&m;avmif; arsmufrif;? cgrif;awGqdkawmh b,fvdkvJ
bk&m;}
]tJ'gawGu ZmwuygVdrmS vmwmawG r[kwyf gbl;}
]bk&m;ra[mbl;vdkY qdkvdkwmvm;}
]r[kwyf gbl;/ Zmwfukd bk&m;a[mygw,f/ a[mwmu o
pömjywmyJ? Zmwfaygif;wmawG rygygbl;}
]'umrBu;D wdu Yk b,fuodae&wmvJ bk&m;}
]t|uxmawGqDu od&wmawGaygh}

570 ÓPuxm
]wumrBu;D wd*Yk P
kd ;f u ygVdawmf*P
kd ;f bk&m;aemf}
][kww
f ,f/ 'gaMumifh tJonfZmwfaygif;awGukd vufrcH
oifhbl;}
]Zmwfaygif;u bmjzpfvv Ykd J bk&m;}
]Zmwfxu J a0óEÅ&mrif;Bu;D [m tcktcgü igbk&m;jzpf
onf? Zmwfxu J r'´[ D m tcktcg ,aomf"&mjzpfonf qdw k mrsKd ;
jzpfvdkYaygh}
]tJ'gawGu bk&m;a[mawGr[kwb f ;l vm; bk&m;}
]tJ'g ajymcJNh y;D NyyD /J bk&m;a[mwJZh mwfxrJ mS Zmwfaygif;ryg
bl;/ tJ'gwif rubl;/ onfvZkd mwfomG ;awGvnf; rygbl;}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]ZmwfaMumif;uAsm0w¬Kvdk *gxmuav;avmufyJygwm}
]ZmwfaumifawGeYJ Zmwfvrf;awGaum rygbl;vm;}
]rygbl;/ Zmwfu Zmwfy/J ygXZmwfaygY/ ajymZmwfvYkd qdk
vnf; rSerf mS ygyJ}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]vG,fvG,fodatmif ajymr,fqdkvsif 'umrBuD;wdkYvnf;
i,fpOfu rdcifu aw;qdak csmw h m cH&zl;rSmygyJ/ tJonf aw;vd[ k m
rsdK;yJ}
]yHpk H ajymygOD;}
]aMumifyg;&,f Nr;D wHw?kd aMumift&kd ,fayarS; udu k v f nS yYf gY
av;}- qdw k [ hJ m ajymZmwfuav;yJaemf}

ÓPuxm 571
]tJonfrmS tcsed af wG? ae&mawG? ZmwfaumifawG? Zmwf

vrf;awG rygbl;aygY bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]tckoad e&wmu t|uxmu jywmawGvm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]olwu Ykd bmaMumifh onfvakd zmfEikd &f wmvJ bk&m;}
]uAsmudk pum;ajyjyefwmvdyk aJ ygY yHak y:vmatmif jznf&h
wmaygh}
]t|uxma½SUu onfvdkjzpfwmawGvnf; &Sdrvm;}
]½SEd idk yf gw,f}
]twlyJ jzpfrvm;}
]wlawmh wlEidk yf gw,f/ tm;vH;k awmhvnf; xufMuyfawmh
wlrmS r[kwb f ;l }
]csKyv f u kd v
f siaf wmh Zmwfxu J ZmwfaumifawG[m bk&m;
a[m r[kwb f ;l aygh}
]tJ'g r[kw½f o Hk m rubl;/ tJonfZmwfaumif[m bk&m;
twdwb f 0u tjzpfvnf; r[kwb f ;l yJ}
]onfawmh Zmwfaumifu wrvGeu f kd rajymbl;aygh bk&m;}
][kwfw,f/ t|uxmawGuyJ wrvGefajymwm/ olwdkY
wrvGeaf jymwmvnf; tbd"r®mvdYk ajym&wJh "r®veG Nf y;D rSay:wJh "r®
awGu ajymMuvdYk ajymwmyJ 'umrBu;D }

572 ÓPuxm
]onfawmh Ak'b ¨ momxJu wrvGef oGi;f vmwm[m bk

&m;a[mw&m;awG&UJ aemufraS y:vmwJh w&m;awGjzpfwhJ tbd"r®m
awGjzpfw,faygY bk&m;}
][kww f ,f 'umrBu;D / rdvEd y´ O§m0w¬K Munfyh gvm;/ wr
vGeu f kd t"du a&;xm;jywmyJ/ aocsmatmifvnf; ,kwadå wG trsKd ;
rsKd ;jyNy;D vSrd whf myJ/ vlawG vdryhf gukeaf vmufatmif pGr;f Edik wf thJ xdy}J
]bk&m;a[m "r®qw kd mxJrmS vnf; wrvGef 0ifaewmawG
½Swd myJ r[kwv f m;bk&m;}
][kwfw,f? &SdwmyJ}
]tJ'g b,fvv kd yk rf vJ bk&m;}
]bk&mYw&m;udk bk&mYw&m;eJyY J n§&d rSmaygh}
]b,fvdk n§d&rSmvJ bk&m;}
]bk&m;[m wrvGe½f çdS r½Sd pum;ESprf sKd ;ajymol rjzpf&bl;yJ/
½Sv
d si½f ?dS r½Sv d sif r½Syd -J ajym&r,f/ tck ESprf sKd ;ajymovdk jzpfaevsif
wpfrsKd ;[m rSm;aevdyYk /J b,f[mrSm;ovJ ppf&r,f}
]bmeJpY pfrmS vJ bk&m;}
]bk&m;&JU yifrw&m;[m bmvJ? tJonfw&m;u wrvGeef YJ
ywfoufovm;vdkYyJ}
]yifrw&m;u bmvJ bk&m;}
]t&d,opömav;yg;-aygh}
]tJonfrmS wrvGeaf e&m r&Sb d ;l yJ}

ÓPuxm 573
][kww f ,f? yifrrSmr&Sb d J wjcm;awGrmS &Sw d ,f qdw k m[m

tbd"r®mawGaMumifh wrvGev f ufcx H m;wJh bmPuawGu rodE;kd
em; rSm;,Gi;f aqmif,x l m;csuu f kd tJonftwdik ;f pwkwo ¬ *H g,em
rSm ayxuftu©&m wifcrhJ v d q Ykd w kd m odjrif&rSmyJ}
]bke;f Bu;D u &Jvu kd w
f m}
]jrifvsif b,forl qdk &JrmS yg}
]bke;f Bu;D todxrJ mS Ak'b ¨ momeJY wrvGe[ f m bmrSrywf
oufbl;aygh}
][kwfw,f? cyfjymeJY a&TyJ}
]0ifpm;wJu h av;awG ½Sw d ,fqv kd sif tJ'gudk bke;f Bu;D b,f
vdak jymrvJ bk&m;}
]ajym&rSmaygh}
]b,fvakd jymrvJ bk&m;}
]&efuek u f aoolwpfO;D ? rEÅav;rSm 0ifpm;w,fqykd gawmh}
]wifygbk&m;}
][kww f ,fqv kd sif onfoEl pS Of ;D qufo, G yf kH jyEdik &f vdrrhf ,f}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]&efuek u f rEÅav; a&mufaewmqdak wmh rEÅav; a&muf
atmif &efuek af oolqu D bmvmovJ? bmeJv Y movJ? b,f
avmufMumMumvmovJ? onfar;cGe;f awG ar;&r,f}
]vmwJt h &m? vmwJt h csed ?f vmwJah e&m? 'gawGppf&r,faygh
bk&m;}

574 ÓPuxm
][kww f ,f/ &efuek u f opfyifeYJ rEÅav;uopfyif wpfrsKd ;

wnf;jzpfw,f qdv k sif &efuek t f yifu opfaph? rEÅav;udk vm&
w,f} vmwJah e&m jzpfwhJ ,mOf&&dS r,f/ vmcsed f b,favmuf ,l
w,fqdkwmvnf; ½Sd&r,fyJ}
][kwyf gYb&k m;? 'gjyEdik rf S qufpyfw,f ajym&rSmayghb&k m;}
]&efukefaoolqDu rEÅav;udk bmvmr,fxifovJ w
umrBuD;}
]uH&UJ owåu d av;}- vmrSmayghb&k m;}
]tJ'gav;u ynwfvm;? y&rwfvm;}
]y&rwfaygY-bk&m;}
]½kyyf &rwfvm;? emrfy&rwfvm;}
]emrfaygY bk&m;}
]pdwfemrfvm;? apwodufemrfvm;}
]apwodufaygh}
]tnormef;vm;? tukovvm;? aombPvm; b,f&m
oD apwoduv f }J
]tnormef;aygh bk&m;}
]oAÁpdwåom"m&P-xJuvm;? yudPf;-xJuvm;}
]oAÁpdwåom"m&P-xJuaygh}
]tJonf ckEpS yf g;xJu b,fapwoduv f }J
]apwemaygY-bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 575
]apwem[m pdwfeJYtwljzpf? twlcsKyfw,faemf? pdwfu

vnf; vufzspw f pfwu G &f UJ oef;wpfoef;yHk wpfyakH usmyf MJ umNy;D ysuf
w,faemf}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJ'gqdv k siaf pwem[m xGuo f mG ;zdxYk m;vdYk ae&muawmif
a½TUvdkYr&bl;aemf}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJ'gqdv k sif rEÅav;udk b,fvo kd mG ;rvJ}
]oloY wåu d av; oGm;rSmaygh}
]owåq d w kd m bmvJ/ owå[ d m owå½d iS jf zpfwhJ owå&d UJ wnf
&meJu
Y if;Ny;D ½SEd idk o f vm;}
]tJ'g rpdppfz;l bl; bk&m;}
]ppfMunfhr,f}
]ppfyg bk&m;}
]qm;&JUowå[ d m iefwmyJ? oMum;&JUowå[ d m csKd wmyJ r
[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]qm;çoMum; r&Sb d J iefwmçcsKd wmcsn;f wnfaevdYk &rvm;}
]r&bl;aygh bk&m;}
]owå[ d m owå½d iS ef u YJ if;Ny;D wnfraeygbl; wumrBu;D }
]onfvq kd kd oGm;p&mr&Sb d ;l aygh}

576 ÓPuxm
]roGm;bJeYJ qufw,fajymvdv Yk nf; rjzpfb;l aemf? qufw,f

ajymcsifvsif qufyHkjy&vdrfhr,f}
]bke;f Bu;D u awmfawmfaphwmyJ}
]t,ltqwpfcu k kd jywfom;csio
f [l m onfvt kd uket
f pHk
vky&f rSmygyJ}
]'gaMumifh &[EÅmwpfyg; aowm? vlwpfa,muf aowm?
acG;wpfaumif aowm? opfyifwpfyif aowm twlvaYkd jym&Jwm
udk;}
][kwfygw,f}

ÓPuxm 577
74/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd ? a½Tjrifwifawmifü OD;*kP0EÅtm;

½SifÓPajymaom arwåmtusdK;pum;
]udk,fawmfuav;awG b,fu <uvmcJhMuwmvJ? odu©m

b,favmuf &MuNyDvJ}
]wynfhawmfwdkY awmifNrdKU*E¨m½Hku vmMuwmyg? wynfh
awmfu i,fygw,f? wynfah wmf wynfu h ig;0gyJ&ygao;w,f}
]bGUJ rnf b,fvakd c:MuvJ? wynfah wmftrnfu OmPyg}
]wynfah wmftrnfu *kP0EÅyg/ wynfah wmfwynf&h UJ t
rnfu OD;u0dyg}
]*E¨m½Hrk mS pmoifaeMuwke;f vm;}
]olu[kwyf gw,f? wynfah wmfu jrif;rle,fu½GmrSm awm
ausmif;aeygw,f/ olvnf; awmaezdYk vdu k v
f mwmyg}
]tck awmausmif;jyefrmS vm;}
]onfEpS f 0grSmawmh jrif;rle,fuawmausmif;rSm 0grqdyk g
bl;/ t&mawmfe,fxu J ovJygawmausmif;rSm 0gqdrk mS yg/ tJonf
oGm;rSmyg}
]awmifNrdKUu b,faeYuxGufvmcJhovJ}
]vGecf w
hJ hJ &uftenf;i,fuygyJ/ ppfuikd ;f rSm enf;enf;aeNy;D
rif;uGe;f wdy#d uzl;Ny;D a½Tjrifwifb&k m;vnf; zl;&atmif wufvm
cJhwmyg}
]onfrmS ntdyMf uaygh}

578 ÓPuxm
]&nf&, G x f m;ygw,f/ reufusrS [db k uf½mG udk qGr;f cHqif;

&if; tJonfrmS pm;Ny;D qm;awmifrbuf qufomG ;awmhr,f}
]vrf;wnfhwmyJ? aumif;ygw,f}
]wpfygwnf;yJ oDwif;oH;k ovm; bk&m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]awmausmif;aewm MumNyDvm;}
]q,fEpS af usmaf usmaf ygh? pmoifwu kd uf qif;Ny;D uwnf;u
ygyJ}
]b,frSmpmoifovJ bk&m;}
]rEÅav;rSmyJ/ udk,fawmfuawmh awmifNrdKUpmoifcJhwm
xifw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]awmxGufwm MumNyDvm;}
]pmoifwdkufqif;uwnf;uygyJ? ig;ESpfausmfygNyD}
]awmausmif;bke;f Bu;D tcsi;f csi;f awGU&wm r*FvmygyJ}
][kwyf gw,f r*FvmygyJ}
]oydwu f av;u i,fvcS snv f m;? qGr;f 0&JUvm;}
]rpm;Ekid bf ;l ? enf;enf;yJ pm;vd&Yk w,f}
]qGrf;awGu nHhvdkYvm;}
]aumif;ygw,f? use;f rma&;u odyrf aumif;csib f ;l }
]tJ'g *½kpu kd rf ?S aq;0g;uav; oif&h m½SmrD;S rS0D yJ g/ bmaq;
awGaqmifovJ}

ÓPuxm 579
]bmaq;rS raqmifb;l ? y½kyq f aD wmif vdr;f rdrmS pd;k vdYk r

aqmifbl;}
]use;f rmzdYk vdw
k ,f? aq;aqmifraS ygh/ aq;vSLvdu k yf gOD;r,f}
]½Syd gap bke;f Bu;D yJo;kH yg}
]onfrmS t&vG,yf gw,f? ½Sw d mxJu ay;yg&ap}
]oabmyg bk&m;}
]udk,fawmfoydwfu ajroydwfuav;yJ}
][kwfw,f}
]awmausmif;bkef;BuD; ajroydwfeJYb,fudkufrvJ}
]oGm;vm&if; rawmfacsmu f svv J sif uGaJ wmh 'kua© ygh? oydwf
½Smae&r,f}
]MumygNyD}
]'g tcefo Y ifvh yYkd }J
]&ygw,f bk&m;}
]rawmfwqqdw k m b,forl rS ajymEdik b f ;l / onfvv kd yk /f w
ynfah wmfqrD mS tJonft½G,f oydww f pfv;kH ½Sw d ,f? tJ'geJY vJomG ;
&r,f}
]bke;f Bu;D yJ tJonfoydwf oH;k yg}
]wynfhawmfu i,fvdkY roHk;bl;? udk,fawmfu oydwfi,f
oH;k wmeJY tawmfy?J tJonfoydwf oH;k ? ud, k af wmfah jroydwf xm;cJ}h
]bkef;BuD;oydwfu aumif;vGef;ygw,f}

580 ÓPuxm
]aumif;vnf; oydwu
f kd vlrcd;k bl;? bmrS aMumifMh u½Spd &m
rvdkbl;}
]aumif;ygNyD}
]uJèawmausmif;bke;f Bu;D csi;f awGjY zpfwhJ r*FvmawG wd;k vm
atmif w&m;taMumif; enf;enf;ajym&atmif}
]txl;ajymp&m bmrSr½Syd gbl; bk&m;}
][kwfrSmyg}
]bke;f Bu;D yJ trde½Yf ydS g}
]enf;enf;ar;Munfhr,faemf}
]ar;yg bk&m;}
]awmxJrmS bmw&m;awGukd tm;xkwaf eygovJ}
]arwåmur®|mef; yGm;rsm;ygw,f}
]aumif;wmyJ arwåmur®|mef;qdw k m oAÁ|medu ur®|mef;
vdYk tajymcH&wJh ur®|mef;yJ? bmrS tjypftemtqm ajymp&mr&Sd
ygbl;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfur®|mef;u b,fv&kd nf½, G cf suef YJ yGm;rsm;wmvJ}
]aMomfèarwåmqdw k m csr;f ajrzh v
Ykd Ykd jzpfygw,f? [kww f ,fr
[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}

ÓPuxm 581
]tJ'grSm b,focl sr;f ajrzh v Ykd ?J yGm;ol-ud, k f csr;f ajrzh Ykd arwåm
yGm;wmvm;? tyGm;cH&wJo h l owå0gawG csr;f ajrMh uzdYk yGm;wmvm;
qdkwmygyJ}
]udk,fcsrf;ajrhzdkY yGm;wmr[kwfygbl;}
][kwfNyD}
]tyGm;cH&wJo h wå0gawG csr;f ajrMh uzdYk yGm;rsm;wmjzpfygw,f}
]aumif;ygw,f/ wcsKd Uusawmhvnf; tyGm;cH&oljzpfzYkd rjzpf
bdxYk uf yGm;olu, kd f csr;f ajrjh cif; tusKd ;awGjzpfzYkd yGm;MuwmawGu
vnf; ½SMd uw,faemf [kwv f m;}
][kwfrSmyg}
]ud,
k af wmfuawmh tyGm;cHowå0gawG csr;f ajrMh uzdYk &nf½, G f
w,fqakd wmh aumif;rGev f ukd w
f m}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJ'g enf;enf;awmhar;&OD;r,f}
]ar;yg}
]apmfum;csiv f Ykd r[kwb f ;l aemf}
]&ygw,f}
]tJonfvkd arwåmawGymG ;vdu k vf Ykd csr;f omoGm;MuwJh owå
0gawGukd ud, k vhf yk if ef;&JU tusKd ;oufa&mufrt I jzpf jzpfymG ;oGm;wm
awG ½Sad umif;½SEd ikd yf gw,f/ tJ'gawGurkd sm; ud, k w f ikd f awGUjrifz;l jcif;
awG ½Sdygovm;}
]tJonfvdkawmh r½Sdzl;bl;}

582 ÓPuxm
]onfvq kd akd wmh ud, k vf yk w f thJ usKd ; ud, k uf , kd w f ikd f jrifz;l

jcif; r½Sb d ;l qdv k w kd maygh}
][kwfygw,f}
]ud,k v f yk w f t hJ usKd ; ud,
k rf jrif&vsif ud, k v f yk wf m[mtusKd ;
½Sçd r½Sd wu,fow d t hJ jzpf ra&mufb;l aygh}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJ'g b,fvdkxifovJ}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]tusKd ;½S&d UJ om;eJY rawGUvdb Yk J ud,k w
f ikd rf odwmvm;? tusKd ;
r½Sv d bYkd J ud, k w f ikd o f w d m rjzpfwmvm;aygh}
]tJ'g rajymEdkifbl;yJ}
]ud, k af wmfymG ;rsm;wmu enf;vdrYk sm; tusKd ;&olawG rawGU
bl;wmvm;}
]r[kwfEdkifygbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]wynfah wmfymG ;rsm;wJh yrmP[m rsm;ygw,f}
]b,favmufyGm;rsm;ovJ}
]a&csKd ;wJt h cg a&wpfcu G uf kd acgif;ay:u avmif;csygw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]tJonfa&cGux f u J a& pavmif;csed ef YJ ukew f t hJ csed t f wGi;f
rSm t&yfq,frsuEf mS rSm½Sd teEÅpMum0Vmu teEÅowå0gawGtm;
vH;k ta&muf arwåmyGm;rsm;ygw,f}

ÓPuxm 583
][mètrsm;BuD;yJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfavmuf trsm;Bu;D vky&f Ny;D vkyif ef;&JUtusKd ;udk rjrif
&bl;qdw
k m pOf;pm;zdYk aumif;wmyJ}
]b,fvdkpOf;pm;&rSmvJ}
]igvkyw
f mawG[m tusKd ;jzpfwmawGrS [kw&f UJ vm;-vdaYk ygh}
][kwfygw,f}
]bmrSrjzpfbJ vkyfrdaevsif vkyftm;awG ta[moduH
tjzpfcH&rSm}
][kwfygw,f}

584 ÓPuxm
75/ tr&yl&NrKd Ue,f? jrpfi,fNrKd U oBueF af usmif;ü rvSNrKd it

f m;
&SiÓ
f Pajymaom vlrazsmufepYJ um;
]'umrBu;D onfaeY ½H;k roGm;bl;vm;}

]½H;k u apmapmxGuv f mcJw
h m}
]waeYnu pum;tqufajymzdkY vmwmvm;}
]tJ'gvnf; ygygw,f}
]wjcm; bmtaMumif;½Sdao;vdkYvJ}
]reufjzefrmS wynfah wmfwaYkd usmif; qGr;f pm;<uMuzdv Yk nf;
avQmufxm;&if;aygh bk&m;}
]avQmufcJhNyDvm;}
]bke;f Bu;D OD;pE´rd mqD avQmufcyhJ gNy}D
]onfqGrf;auR;u rausyGJvm;}
]onfvkd ajym&rvdak ygh bk&m;/ waeYu tjzpfu pdwrf
aumif;p&mBuD;}
]pm;vdkYawmh aumif;ygw,f}
]bmeJYpm;&vdkYvJ}
]qDeYJ qm;eJaY v}
]qmaevdkYaygh}
]qmawmh qmNyaD ygh/ qGr;f csKd iahf pmifah eMuwm? tcsed q f ;kH
em; ta&mufy/J qGr;f uawmh pdeu f ,kd af wmfu ol[ Y mol csuw f myJ}

ÓPuxm 585
]qGr;f csKd iv
hf yfomG ;wmeJY wduk w f u
kd q
f ikd q f ikd b
f &k m;? onfvkd
rjzpfzl;ygbl;}
]tJonfaeYrSyJ pdefudk,fawmfuvnf; twif;wm;aew,f?
olYqDrSm qGrf;pm;zdkYaygh}
]w&m;aqG;aEG;csifvdkYaerSm bk&m;}
]r[kwyf gbl;/ wpfaeYv;kH w&m;taMumif; ra&mufatmif
vTJNyD; pum;ajymaew,f}
]r[kwfwmbk&m;}
][kww f ,f? oleYJ w&m;aps;rwnfb h ;l }
]nae wynfhawmfwdkYvmawmh oJBuD;rJBuD; aqG;aEG;aeMu
wmyJ}
]tJ'g rawmfwqjzpfoGm;wm}
]b,fvdk bk&m;}
]OD;aomfZif&UJ edAmÁ eft,ltqudk OD;Zif;BuKd urf ,fxifvYkd jyef
cgeD;rS tJonfeAd mÁ efaumif;aMumif; pajymwmyg}
]OD;Zif;u bmajymvJ}
]tJonfeAd mÁ ef BuKd uv f siaf wmh bmrStvkyrf jzpfb;l vdYk ajym
vdkY tajctwif ajymjzpfwmyg}
]wynfhawmfwdkYa&mufvmawmh wynfhawmfwdkYbkef;BuD;u
oJBu;D rJBu;D ajymaewmyJ}
]tJ'g 'umru q&mudu k zl Ykd pum;0dik ;f xJ 0ifvmwmaygh}

586 ÓPuxm
]wynfhawmfwdkY bkef;BuD;u pum;a&;edrfhaew,f? OD;Zif;u

zdaeawmh enf;enf; 0ifajym&wmaygh}
]'umru yg;ygw,f}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]ud,k phf um;eJY acs/ olpY um;[m abmifwpfcpk rD mS ½Sad eNyq D kd
wm tapmjrefjrefyJ odomG ;cJw h ,f}
]tJonfol ESpOf ;D [m qH;k vdrYk &bl;yJ}
][kwfwmaygh}
]'gaMumifh onfpum;u tjrefjyefxu G v
f u kd w
f m}
]tJ'g wumrt&nftaoG;yJvYkd OD;Zif;jrifvu kd &f w,f}
]wynfah wmfuawmh OD;Zif;[m ig&yfaewJah bmifuv kd nf;
odw,f/ wjcm;vnf; odw,f/ onfo[ l m igjiif;&rnfo h l r[kwf
bl;/ igqnf;yl;&rnfo h -l vdyYk J OD;Zif;udo k wd ,f}
]'umru i,f½, G o f yl yD D yg;ygw,f}
]OD;Zif;uom cs;D rGr;f w,f/ wynfah wmfb0u z½dzk &JBuaJ e
NyD}
]rodbJvkyfwm[m onfvdkjzpf&rSmyJ}
]wynfah wmfoad tmif w&m;emyg&ap bk&m;}
]a[m&rSmaygh}
]a[mygbk&m;}
]'umr? avmurSm w&m;qdNk y;D vlawGuzkd suNf y;D MunfMh u
w,f/ tJ'g trSm;tBu;D Bu;D jzpfvrd rhf ,f/ vlukd zsurf Munfyh geJ}Y

ÓPuxm 587
]vl[m tpdwaf wG&UJ tpkqNkd y;D t½Srd [kwv f yk v
f sif tJonf
tpdwaf wG[mvnf; olt Y pdwaf wG pkaewmyJ awGU&vdrrhf ,f/ onf
vkyif ef;[m aemufq;kH ydwrf mS ]bmrSr&Sw d myJ t½S}d -qdw k hJ pdwZå t0if
cH&Ny;D vltY wGuf bmpnf;rS rxm;wwfwt hJ jzpf a&mufr,f}
]tJ'g vGwv f yfwm? Nird ;f csr;f wm r[kwb f ;l vm; bk&m;}
]vGwv f yfw,fqw kd m vGwv f yfo½l rdS S jzpfwm? tJonfvkd
½Sd&JUvm;}
]r½Sdbl;}
]vlr½Sad omfrS obm0w&m;uav; wpfcck k ½Sad o;vsif
vnf; xm;yg/ tJ'gaum ½Sad o;vm;}
]r½Sdbl;}
]bmrSr½Sdwm bmaumif;ovJ}
]taumif;vnf; r½Sb d ;l }
]taumif;r½S?d raumif;bl;aygh}
]raumif;vnf; r½Sb d ;l }
]taumif;çraumif; r½Sv d sif w&m;qdw k m bmvky&f rvJ}
]taumif;çraumif; r½Sad tmif vky&f wm[m w&m;aygh}
]tJ'g r½Sad wmhvsif w&m;vnf;r½Sb d ;l -vdYk jzpfrmS aygh}
]w&m;NyD;oGm;w,fqdkwm tJ'gjzpfrvm;}
]b,fuvm}
]tJ'g bmjzpfomG ;wmvJ}

588 ÓPuxm
]w&m;aysmufoGm;wmyJ}
]w&m;½Sm&if; w&m;aysmufwmaygh}
][kww
f ,f/ w&m;aysmufatmif w&m;½SmMuwmyJ jzpfae
w,f}
]w&m;[m vlpY nf;urf; [kwv f m;}
][kwwf ,f/ tJ'gudk jyKp&k rSm/ azsmuf&rSmr[kwb
f ;l }
]em;vnfawmhr,f bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 589
76/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd ? a½Tjrifwifawmifü 0dZmÆ 0dvmood't

d¨ m;
½SiÓ
f Pajymaom vufawGUjzpfEikd rf aS jympum;
]igh½Sif [dkbufukvm;xdkifrSm xdkifyg/ onfuav;awGu

igh½iS ef t
YJ wl qGr;f cHomG ;wJh ud&k ift Y pfuekd YJ oli,fcsi;f awGy/J olwYkd
onfaeYyJ rEÅav;u vmMuwm}
]tckvkd awmxJrmS vmawGU&wm 0rf;omygw,f}
]olwaYkd v;awGvnf; od&atmif igh½iS t f aMumif; pum;enf;
enf;ajymyg}
]wynfah wmfwu Ykd onfvykd J awmawG? awmifawGrmS oGm;
aeNy;D ykw;D pdyw f mawG vky&f ygw,f/ t"d|mef0ifw,faygh}
]onfrmS av;q,fu h ;kd &uf t"d|mefvyk rf ,f ajymxm;w,f
aemf}
][kwfygw,f}
]tck &ufb,favmuf &oGm;Nyv D }J
]wpfywfavmufyJ ½Syd gao;w,f}
]a&mufp&ufu wdkYu *lwdkY?ausmif;wdkY?a&csdK;tdrf? tdrfom
'gawGvu dk jf ywke;f u igh½iS uf ajymw,f- awmifapmifu h awmh odNy;D
om;yJ/ odu k af vmufyrJ w d q f uf&awmhr,f ajymw,faemf}
][kwfrSmyg}
]tJ'geJpY yfNy;D igh½iS uf kd ajym&OD;r,f? tckpum;qH;k rSyJ tJ'g
ajymr,f}

590 ÓPuxm
]ajymp&m½Sw
d m ajymyg}
]igh½iS u
f b,frmS aewmwke;f }
]rEÅav; pdeyf ef;xJrmS yg}
]tcgtm;avsmpf mG tckvkd awmawGxJ t"d|mefvyk w f ,fqkd
awmh xl;jcm;rIuav;awG ½Sv d sif uav;awGMum;&atmif ajym
ygvm;}
]rEÅav; ½Sitf &[Hord rf mS t"d|mef0ifpOfu tckvkd cPae
cdu
k rf mS rvSr;f rurf;u ukuKdú yifBu;D rSm uav;awG ½SOzhf rf;aewm
awGU&w,f}
]tJonf0ef;usifu uav;awG ausmif;ydwf&uf trJvdkuf
Muwm aerSmaygh}
]tJ'gudk wynfah wmfu tJonfbuf vufnKd§ ;ñTeNf y;D t"d
|mefvdkufw,f}
]b,fvkd t"d|mefwmvJ}
]onf½SOfhudk uav;awG b,fvdkrS zrf;vdkYr&apownf;-
vdkYyJ}
]wu,fyJ vGwfoGm;ovm;}
]vGwfwmaygh}
]rawmfwqvGwfwmawmh r[kwfygbl;aemf}
]r[kwfbl;}
]bmrsm; taxmuftxm;½Sdao;vJ}
]&Sdw,f}

ÓPuxm 591
]enf;enf;ajymygOD;}
]½SOfhuav;awG tvdkufcH&vdkYarmNyD; opfudkif;rSmuyfaeNyD
rajy;Ekdifawmhbl;}
]ukyfoGm;NyDaygh}
][kww f ,f/ tJ'gudk uav;wpfa,mufu tyifay:wuf
Ny;D "m;eJcY w
k w f ,f}
]aoNyaD ygh}
]½SOrhf jywfbJ ½SOahf tmufu tudik ;f yJ jywfomG ;w,f/ u
av;awGvnf; vufavsmNh y;D jyefomG ;Mu&w,f}
]"m;uswt hJ csed rf mS ½SOu
hf xGuaf jy;vduk vf rYkd sm;vm;}
]r[kwb f ;l ? onfx h ufxif½mS ;wJh tjzpfwpfck ajymOD;r,f}
]vkyfygOD;}
]wpfae&mrSm t"d|mef 0ifaewke;f uaygh}
][kwfNyD}
]tJonfpcef;ab;rSm &if;rmyifaygufuav;wpfyif awGU
ae&w,f? tyifuav;&JU tudik ;f u ig;udik ;f yJ½w dS ,f}
]tyifi,fuav;yJ}
][kwfw,f}
]tJ'g bmvkyo f vJ}
]tJonftyifu tudik ;f oH;k udik ;f udk csKd ;ypfw,f}
]bmvkyfzdkYvJ}
]t"d|mefr,fvdkY}

592 ÓPuxm
]b,fvdkt"d|mefrSmvJ}
]reufjzefrmS ig;udik ;f yJjyefjzpfae&r,f-vfyYkd }J
][mèjzpfrvm; igh½iS }f
]jzpfw,f}
]wu,fyJvm;}
]wu,fyg}
]ajymvdo Yk mMum;&w,f igh½iS ?f r,Hw k wfb;l / t&mcyford ;f
[m oleY , d mreJo Y l jzpfMu&wmawG}
]bkef;BuD;wdkYu udk,fwdkif bmrSrjzpfbl;awmh r,HkMubl;}
]onfvkd umuG,w f mavmufeaYJ wmh vHak vmufroGm;bl;
igY½iS }f
]bke;f Bu;D udk wynfah wmf zuf&u G f vdyaf y;r,f/ "m;eJjY ywf
atmif ckwEf ikd yf ghrvm;}
]tvdyfb,favmufudk ckwf&rSmvJ}
]ESpfvdyf}
]tJ'g "m;eJcY w k v f sif rjywfb;l aygh}
][kww f ,f? b,fuvdyw f hJ zufvyd yf J jywfr,f/ nmuvdyf
wJzh ufvyd [ f m rjywf&bl;}
]wu,fvm; igh½iS }f
]wu,fyg}
]uJ-vdyf}
]tckawmh r&ao;bl;? t"d|mef0ifqJ wef;vef;rdyYk }J

ÓPuxm 593
]at;èat;}
][kwfygw,f}
]igh½iS w
f yYkd nm&yfrmS xGuaf ygufawG trsm;tjym; ½S&d rSmygyJ?
xm;ygawmh}
]bkef;BuD;u r,Hkbl;vm;}
][kwfw,f}
]onfawmh rwwfEikd b f ;l yJ}
]rwwfEidk b f ;l rvkyef }YJ
]bmwwfEdkifrSmvJ}
]wpfckvkyf&r,f}
]bmvkyf&rSmvJ}
]tJ'gajym&atmif aemufraS jymr,fqw kd hJ tpuajymcJw h m
'gyJ? tck ajymMu&atmif}
]ajymyg}
]igh½iS ef iYJ gwd[
Yk m tck wpfausmif;wpfae&mwnf;rSm twl
aeMuw,faemf}
][kwfygw,f}
]Ny;D awmh onfae&mu vlorl eD;wJh awmBu;D awmifBu;D ay:
rSm jzpfaew,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]Ny;D awmh igwd[ Yk m tysi;f ajy aeMuwmr[kwb f ;l / ud,
k pf D
tvkyaf wGeYJ jzpfMuw,f}

594 ÓPuxm
][kwfygw,f}
]onfawmh igwdcYk si;f y#dyu©rjzpfMuzdYk vdw k ,f/ 'grS tvkyf
rxdcdkufrSmyJ}
][kwfwmaygh}
]onfawmh igwdq Yk rD mS toD;oD;½SMd uwJh rwlnwD hJ t,ltq
awGukd ud,k pf uD , kd if S odr;f xm;MuzdYk vdwk ,f/ igh½iS f oabmayguf
&JUvm;}
]oabmaygufygw,f}
]'gqdv k sif igwdu Yk ausmif;xdik w f pfO;D tjzpf owfrw S cf suf
wpfck vkyfr,faemf}
]vkyyf g}
]tJ'guawmh onfausmif;rSm vlwdkif;odEdkifwmr[kwfwJh
pum;awG ajymcGifhr&Sd&vdkYyJ jzpf&r,f}
]&ygw,f}
]auseyfw,faemf}
]rauseyfvYkd bm&rSmvJ}
]&ygw,f}
]b,fvdk&rSmvJ}
]udk,fajymwJhpum;udk vufawGUvkyfjyvdkufaygh}
]bmjy&rSmvJ}
]onfem;rSm &if;rmyifaygufuav;awG ½Sw d myJ/ tudik ;f
b,favmuf½w dS ,f a&xm;r,f/ onfaeYcsKd ;Ny;D reufjzef jyefjzpf

ÓPuxm 595
atmif vkyjf yaygh}

]'gu t"d|mef½adS ewmud}k
]tJonfawmh t"d|mef½w dS ek ;f rajymbJaeNy;D t"d|mefr½Sv
d Ykd
jyEdik w
f t
hJ cgusrS ajymaygh r[kwb f ;l vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gqdk onfpnf;xm;vduk Nf yaD emf}
]aumif;ygNyD}

596 ÓPuxm
77/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd ? a½Tjrifwifawmifü 0dZmÆ bke;f Bu;D tm;

½SifÓPajymaom bkef;BuD;avQmuf&rnfhvrf;pum;
]ykwD;pdyfvdkYvnf; raumif;bl;bk&m;}
][kwfrSmyJ}
]wjcm;ae&mawGrmS qdk odyaf umif;w,f? onfrmS b,fvkd
jzpfw,frodbl;}
]onfrmS igwd½Yk adS ewmyJ}
]bmqdkifvJ bk&m;}
]qdkifNyDvm;}
]b,fvdkqdkifwmvJ}
]igh½iS w f v
Ykd yk w
f mu txufvrf;yJ}
]txufvrf; raumif;bl;vm;}
]tHzh ,G çf aMumufz, G f awmBu;D rsurf nf;vdk ae&mrsKd ;rS xGe;f
vif;awmufycGifh½Sdwm}
]'gèawmBuD;çawmifBuD;yJ}
]onfrSmu awmBuD;çawmifBuD;ayrJY tv,fvrf;jzpfwJh
igwdkY wawGu tarSmifawG ½Sif;xm;NyD;oGm;NyD}
]r[kwfwmyJ}
]igh½iS u f bmrSr&dyrf b d ;l xifw,f}
]bm&dyfrd&rSmvJ}
]igh½iS af wGUorQoal wGu igh½iS t f ay: b,fvo kd abmxm;
Mu ovJaygh}

ÓPuxm 597
]b,fvdk oabmxm;MuvdkYvJ}
]aMumuf½GHUusdK;EGHoGm;Mu ovm;? NyHK;aysmf&,farmoGm;Mu
ovm;aygh}
]rqdkifygbl;}
]pdwvf yk if ef;[m pdwt f ajctaeeJY odyo f ufqikd w
f maygh}
]onfvq kd kd onfvjkd zpfatmif bke;f Bu;D ujyKpm;xm;wmaygh}
]at;}
]r[kwfwmbJJ}
]qufMunfhae? awGU&vdrfhr,f}
]bkef;BuD;u b,fvdkvkyfwmvJ}
]tv,fvrf;tvif;awG xkwfvTwfxm;wmaygh}
]tJ'gu b,frvJ}
]igwd&Yk UJ ajymqdjk yKrl &yfwnfraI wGy}J
]tJ'gu vlawGtay: oufovm;}
]a&mufNyDaygh}
]olwdkY odMuovm;}
]odaumif;rSodr,f}
]wynfhawmf odEdkifovm;}
]rodEdkifavmufygbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]nHhvdkY}
]b,fvdk nHhwmvJ}

598 ÓPuxm
]igh½iS u
f olaX;om;jzpfNy;D olawmif;pm;ynm oifaewmyJ}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]igh½iS uf bke;f Bu;D yJ? bke;f Bu;D qdwk m r*fvrf;avQmufoyl /J
tJ'gravQmufbJ txufvrf;avQmufzYkd vkyaf ew,f/ txufvrf;
[m bke;f Bu;D zdeyfuikd af wG avQmufwhJ vrf;yJ/ onfvjkd zpfaew,f}
]txufvrf;[m 0dZÆmvrf;yJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gèraumif;bl;vm;}
]0dZmÆ u bmjzpfcsiw f mvJ}
]touf&n S ?f aemufb&k m;rD? w&m;&? edAmÁ efa&muf? 'gyJ
yef;wdkifr[kwfbl;vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]w&m;&? edAmÁ efa&mufwm tv,fvrf;yJ}
]w&m; r&csiaf o;bl;}
]'gaMumifh pmwpfy'k cf sKd ;&r,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]r*fvrf;½Sv d suf xGuv f rf;zuf? oufoufvrl u kd 0f Zd mÆ jzpf
ownf;- vdaYk ygh}
]bkef;BuD;wdkYu rodvdkYyg}
]bmvJ zufEpS v f yd f vdyaf y;csijf yefNyv
D m;/ rvkyef aYJ emf? igh½iS f
uvnf; rvdyEf ikd af o;bl;/ iguvnf; "m;Bu;D udik Nf y;D rckw0f aYH vmuf
bl;}

ÓPuxm 599
]wu,fyg}
]tJonfpum; rajymMupdeYk ?YJ tvkyrf jzpfb;l / tvkyjf zpfwm
vkyf&atmif}
]bmvkyfrSmvJ}
]igh½iS f yg;pyfzuf vdyv f ukd /f igwduYk yg;pyf"m;eJY ckwrf ,f/
yg;pyfvkd rjywfvsif igh½iS af jczkerf eI Yf ighezl;vl;r,f}
]yg;pyfeYJ rvdyw f wfb;l }
]igh½iS [f m vkyw f wfayrJ?Y vkyyf kH oabmrwwfol jzpfvrd hf
r,f/ igh½iS q f &mawGawmh wwfp&myJ/ olwq Ykd D ighuakd c:oGm;yg}
]wynfah wmfq&mawG bke;f Bu;D awGUvdYk b,f&rvJ}
][kwrf mS yg/ 'gayrJY igh½iS uf awGUay;vsiaf wmh &rSmyg/ olwYkd
yg;pyfevYJ yd w
f zhJ ufukd igwdu Yk yg;pyf"m;eJcY w k v
f Ykd yg;pyfvkd rjywfb;l
qdvk sif igwdu Yk igh½iS w
f q Ykd &mawG&UJ ajczkerf eI u Yf kd igwdeYk zl;rSm vl;ygY
r,f/ b,fvv kd }J
]ac:oGm;vdYk r&bl;}
]igh½iS [ f mu rSm;aew,f}
]bmrSm;ovJ}
]vrf;aygh}
]bmvrf;vJ}
]txufvrf;u 0dZmÆ vrf;? bke;f Bu;D avQmuf&rSmu tv,f
vrf;}

600 ÓPuxm
78/ rif;uGef;awmif½dk;? a½Tjrifwifawmifü aum@nAk'¨

trnf½dS &[ef;wpfyg;tm; ½SiÓ f Pajymaom w&m;odypHk um;
]igh½iS u
f ppfuikd ;f b,facsmifrmS aeovJ}
]NrKd Uopf tpd;k &tdr&f mawG a&ay;wJh a&pifBu;D em;u ausmif;
rSmyg}
]igh½iS af &bl;u bl;oD;ajcmufBu;D ygvm;}
][kww f ,f OD;*kP0EÅ&UJ a&bl;yJ}
]OD;*kP0EÅeJY ywfoufovm;}
][kww f ,f onfukd olñeT v f ukd wf myJ}
]oleYJ b,frmS awGUovJ}
]ovJygawmausmif;udk rMumcifu a&mufw,f? &uúe;f pif
awmifbuf oGm;&if;eJY 0ifcw hJ m}
]&uúef;pifawmif bmoGm;vkyfwmvJ}
]tJonfeYJ "mwfqufaevdyYk }J
][if}
]OD;*kPu bke;f Bu;D qD oGm;vdu k pf rf;ygvdYk txyfxyfyJ ajym
vdkufw,f}
]igh½iS o f uFe;f u 0gvSacsvm;? aeavmifxm;vdv Yk m;}
]r[kwfygbl;? bk&m;u onfvdkta&mifyJ cGifhjyKcJhwmyJ}
]aMomf}
]teDawG? tndKawGciG jhf yKwm r[kwb f ;l }

ÓPuxm 601
]b,folajymvJ}
]pmrSmvnf; awGUw,f}
]igh½iS u f tck&[ef;jzpfwm 0gb,favmuf½NdS yv D }J
]ESp0f g? toufu 32 ESp}f
]&[ef;jzpfvmyHkuav; enf;enf;ajymay;ygvm;}
]&ygw,f}
]&[ef;rjzpfcifu b,frSmaewmvJ}
]jrpfBu;D em;rSmyg? ud;k wef;txd ynmoifNy;D ukeo f , G af &;0ef
xrf; 0ifvyk af eygw,f}
]taz?taru}
]olwu Ykd rGeaf wGyg? ausmif;q&mvkyw f ,f}
]b,fvkd &[ef;abmif a&mufvmovJ}
]wynfhawmfu bkef;BuD;rkef;w,f? tacsmiform;awGvdkY
owfrw S w f ,f? qd½k , S v f pfpepf tnrnudk oabmusw,f? tJ'g
tazu oabmrusb;l / ½dik ;f w,fxifw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]wpfaeYrmS tazu ]om;-&[ef;abmif'v k b ’ wuf&r,f?
&efuek uf rift h a': ½Sijf yKvrd rhf ,f? tJ'g oGm;&r,f}-vdYk ajymw,f}
]rjiif;bl;vm;}
]jiif;wmaygh}
]bmajymvJ}
]ukodkvfr&csifbl;vm; ar;w,f}

602 ÓPuxm
]b,fvdkajzvJ}
]uRefawmfYtwGuf rvdkcsifbl;? tazwdkYtwGufvm;vdkY jyef
ar;vdu k wf ,f? tazu ][kww f ,fumG igwdt Yk wGuv f }Ykd ajymwmeJY
vkyfvdkuf&w,f}
]&efukefrSmaygh}
][kww f ,f? bke;f Bu;D ausmif;wpfcrk mS bke;f Bu;D 0wfNy;D ydx Yk m;
w,f? tJonfrmS raysmw f meJY &dyo f mausmif;wpfcu k kd a½TUay;vdu k f
w,f}
]tJonfrmS aysmv f m;}
]tJonfrmS tm;vH;k wdwaf ew,f? tJonftcsed rf mS rsupf d
ESpvf ;kH jcm; tv,fwnfw h nfh ae&mavmufrmS tvif;a&mifuiG ;f
uav;wpfck vmjrifw,f? bmrS tm½Hjk yKp&mvnf; r½Sw d meJY tJ'gyJ
tm½Hjk yKaevdu k w f ,f? ysi;f zdYk arhomG ;wmyJ}
]aysmfoGm;NyDaygh}
][kwfw,f? vlcRwfzdkY tcsdefaphawmh rcRwfcsifawmhbl;?
'gayrJY cGiw hf bYkd mwdYk aphawmhrmS rdYk cRwNf y;D jyefcwhJ ,f}
]jrpfBu;D em; jyefa&mufNyaD ygh}
][kww f ,f? tvkyx f jJ yefa&mufayrJY pdwrf 0ifpm;bl;/ Buw d f
rSdwfvkyfae&w,f}
]b,favmufMum vkyfao;vJ}
]q,fvavmufy/J rjzpfb;l qdNk y;D tvkyu f xGupf mwif? &ef
ukefqif;? ta':awGudk &[ef;jyKay;zdkY ajym&? &[ef;jyKNyD;aemufaeY

ÓPuxm 603
rSm tnmqefNy;D &xm;eJY rEÅav;buf vdu k cf w

hJ myJ}
]b,foGm;rvdkYvJ}
]w&m;eJYaevdkYaumif;rnfh bk&m;Z&yf wpfckckrSm aezdkYyJ?
rEÅav;em;a&mufawmh ppfuikd ;f uoli,fcsi;f owd&vdYk &xm;qif;?
olYqDoGm;? olydkYwJhausmif;rSma&muf? tJonfrSm raysmfwmeJY aep&m
xGuf½Sm? a½TapwD&dyfomawGU? q&mawmfajym? cGifhjyKcsuf&vdkY tJ
onfxu J ausmif;uav;rSm aeawmhwmyJ}
]&dyfomu olwdkYw&m;rjybl;vm;}
]olwo Ykd yd ykH gyJ? tJonfrmS tjynft h m;xkww f ,f}
]tJonf uGi;f 0dik ;f uav;Munfw h mudyk J tm;xkww f mvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]ae&wm tqifajyoGm;NyaD ygh}
]rajybl;}
]wynfah wmfu &dyo f m0ef;usirf mS awGU&wJh emembm0awG
udk ajymawmh ½l;wmrSwyf kH &w,f? olwu Ykd rMunfMubl;}
]tJ'gawGu wu,f&o dS vm;}
]½GrGaeatmifyJ}
]aemuf bmawGawGUao;vJ}
]wpfcgrSmawmh udk,fudk,fwdkif aumif;uifa&mufaewm
awGU&w,f}
]vkyfprf;ygOD;}

604 ÓPuxm
]ausmif;uav;xJrmS vky½f ;kd vkypf Oftwdik ;f uGi;f 0dik ;f tv,f

rSm vufn§dK;oGif;NyD; ½IrSwfw,f/ ausmif;txufaumif;uifrSm
t&m0w¬KrrJ w J pfck tm½Hrk mS jrifae&w,f/ 'gbmvJvYkd pdwt f m;udk
wifjri§ v
hf u kd w f ,f/ tJonftcgrSm rJr[ J m vif;vmw,f? ud, k jf zpf
aewm awGU&w,f/ 'gayrJY vIyfvdkYr&bl;/ vIyfEdkifatmif pdwftm;
xyfjri§ &hf w,f? vIyEf ikd v f mNy;D vluvnf; tJonfol jzpfomG ;w,f}
]aumif;uifa&mufoGm;NyDaygh}
][kwfw,f? avQmufoGm;Munfhw,f? NrdKUwpfckay: a&muf
oGm;w,f? atmufuNrKd UrD;awG aumif;aumif;jrif&w,f}
]aemufèausmif;xJ b,fvjkd yefa&mufv}J
]vlu ausmif;xJrmS ½Sad ewmyJ/ tJonfrmS todjyefjzpfvm
wmyJaygh}
]tJonf&yd o f mu tckaewJah usmif;udk b,fvakd &mufovJ}
]tJonfae&mu a&S;u ocØsKi;f uke;f ajymwmyJ/ tJonfrmS
aevsif aumif;r,fqNkd y;D ausmif;aqmufaevdu k w
f myJ}
]igh½iS f oydwt f zH;k rSm puf0ikd ;f uav;awG? puf0ikd ;f jcrf;u
av;awGeJY vjcrf;av;awGu bmawGvJ}
]'gawGu "mwfawGyg? bke;f Bu;D wdYk rodygbl;}
]aMomf}
]urÇmBu;D wnfaeçjzpfxeG ;f vmwmu 'gawGeyYJ }J
][kwfvm;}

ÓPuxm 605
]"mwfawGu½Sw
d ,f? "mwfaiGU&nfawG? "mwfEpk ak wGeYJ tpp
awGyJ}
]igh½iS [f mawGu em;rvnfygbl;}
][kwfw,f}
]tpm;taomufwpfcck k pm;aomufcgeD;wdik ;f pdu k Mf unfah e
wmu bmvkyw f mvJ}
]"mwf½Sif;wm}
]r½Si;f vsif bmjzpfovJ? igwdrYk ½Si;f ygbl; bmjzpfvv Ykd }J
]rodvyYkd g jzpfygw,f}
]jzpfwm ajymprf;ygOD;}
]onfvdk r&bl;}
]½Sdygapawmh}
][kwfw,f}
]igh½iS u f kd wpfjcm;wpfck ar;&OD;r,f? &rvm;}
]ar;yg}
]igh½iS u
f kd olrsm;awGu igh½iS [
f m w&m;odNy;D NyD 0efcrH vm;vdYk
ar;vsif igh½iS u f b,fvakd jzrvJ}
]tJ'g rar;ygeJ}Y
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]rar;&bl;}
]onfar;cGe;f rSm bmrSm;wmygovJ?bmrw&m;wm ygovJ}

606 ÓPuxm
]ryg-ygyg}
]ar;cGe;f rrSm;vsif ajzrSaygY/ Ny;D awmh ar;cGe;f udk rw&m;bl;
xifvsiv f nf; ar;oluykd J onfar;cGe;f rsKd ; jyefar;Munfah ygh}
]b,fvdkar;&rSmvJ}
]bke;f Bu;D aum opömodNy;D NyD 0efcrH vm;vdaYk ygh/ onfar;cGe;f
olrsm;omar;Ny;D olu tar;rcHEikd b f ;l qdvk siaf wmh rw&m;wJh
ar;cGe;f rdaYk ygh}
]olrsm;vnf; rar;csiyf gbl;? ar;vnf; rajzcsiyf gbl;}
]wu,f rajzawmhbl;vm;}
][kwfw,f}
]onfvq kd v
kd sif rSww
f rf;wpfck wifr,faemf}
]b,fvdkwifrSmvJ}
]aum@nAk'[ ¨ m olbY 0udk avhvmwJt h aeeJY w&m;odNy;D
Nyv
D Ykd 0efcrH vm; ar;wmudk vufrcHb;l ? onfawmh olb Y 0udk avh
vmcGifh ray;bl;-vdkYaygh}
]wifyg}
]aumif;Ny?D tJonftwdik ;f rSww f rf;wifvu kd Nf y?D igh½iS b
f 0
udk igwdrYk avhvmawmhb;l ? pdwo f mcs}
}&ygw,f}
]onfvdkr[kwfbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}

ÓPuxm 607
]vlwpfO;D eJw Y pfO;D qufqw H ,fqwkd m b0awGuakd vhvmNy;D

rS qufqMH u&wm jzpfw,f? b0rodbJ b,fvq kd ufqrH vJ? avh
vmcGihf ray;vsif b,fvv kd yk Nf y;D odrvJ}
]rwwfEdkifbl;}
]qufqaH &; onfavmufBuv J sif igh½iS u
f kd igwdaYk jym&r,f}
]bmajymrvJ}
]igh½Sif onfvmwm[m taMumif;wpfck½Sd&r,f? tJ'gudk
tcGit hf a&;wpfck ay;wJt h aeeJY igh½iS &f UJ oabmw&m;awG igwdeYk m;
axmifr,f? tJ'g a[mrvm;}
]a[mvdrYk &bl; tvkyjf yr,f}
]aumif;Ny?D b0avhvmcGihf r&vsif igh½iS &f UJ oabmw&m;udk
igwdYk avhvmr,f}
]w&m;xdkif&r,f}
]xdik &f rnfh oabmw&m;eJ?Y xdik Nf y;D ESv;kH oGi;f &rnfh oabm
w&m;? tJ'gawG ajymjyrSaygh}
]r[kwfbl;? vufawGUxdkif&rSm}
]'gawmh rvkyyf geJ}Y
]vufawGUvkyrf S &rSm}
]vufawGUvkyw f meJY yg;pyfeYJ b,fvv kd yk &f rSm-ajymwm twl
yJ}
]rwlbl;}
]bmèrwlwmvJ}

608 ÓPuxm
]vufawGUvkyw f m[m vkyo f u l jyol&UJ tmPmpuf0ef;xJ

a&mufomG ;w,f? onfawmh jyol&UJ MoZm&dyu f vTr;f wmcH&w,f/
tJonftcgrSm vkyo f [ l m jyol&UJ jywmyJ jrifciG ½hf o dS vdk jzpfomG ;Ny;D
udk,fydkifawG;cGifh? qifjcifcGifhawG tqHk;½IH;cH&w,f/ onfawmh rSefç
rrSef pdppfEikd cf iG hf r½Sb d ;l / jywmyJ[w k w f ,fvYkd acgif;Nird &hf wJt h jzpf
a&mufw,f}
]'gèwynfah umif; yDwmaygh}
]igwduYk igh½iS &f UJ wynfrh S r[kww f myJ/igh½iS u
f Bkd uKd urf S igwduYk
wynfjh zpfrmS yJ/ rBuKd uv f sif rjzpfb;l / tckawmh BuKd uv f m;çrBuKd uf
vm; rodcifu wynfch &H rSmvm;/ igh½iS v f yk yf u
kH r[kwaf o;bl;}
]yg;pyfeYJ em;vnfatmif rajymwwfavmufb;l }
]yg;pyfeYJ ajymvdaYk wmifr&wJ[ h mudk vufawGUvkyaf wmhaum
jzpfrvm;}
]jzpfygw,f? tJ'g wm0ef,yl gr,f? enf;enf;vkyv f udk pf rf;yg}
]awmfprf;yg igh½iS &f m}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]onfvkd wynf½h mS enf;[m ½d;k vGe;f oGm;Ny}D
]txifrvGyJ geJ?Y wynfv h yk zf Ykd r[kwyf gbl;}
]bmvkyzf v Ykd J ajymygOD;}
]OD;*kP0EÅu ajymw,f}
]bmajymvJ}

ÓPuxm 609
]a½Tjrifwifbek ;f Bu;D [m ÓPftawmfxufw,fvyYkd ?J tJ'g

Mum;&wmeJY xyfwyl J bke;f Bu;D ÓPf tpGr;f tpudk jrif&w,f? onf
awmh bke;f Bu;D udk &apcsiv f eG ;f vdyYk g}
]igh½iS af pwemudk igwdv Yk ufrcHEikd w
f mtwGuf 0rf;enf;yg
w,f}
]bke;f Bu;D u acgif;awmfawmfrmwmyJ}
]onfvkd tNr;D rygçtarmufryg vkyif ef;rsKd ; bGmcwfNy;D wm
MumvSNyD}
]wynfah wmf ½Sw d muav;udk bke;f Bu;D ay;cGihf r&wmtwGuf
pdwrf aumif;ygbl;/ wynfah wmfu apwemeJyY g}
]apwemudk ,HMk unfygw,f? ynmudk r,Hyk gbl;/ apwem
&S½d eHk v
YJ nf; ynm[m tzd;k wefvYkd r&ygbl;}
]aumif;ygNy?D BuKd uo f vdyk gyJ}
]pGr;f Edik v
f sif yg;pyfeaYJ jymyg}
]tJ'gawmh cGifhvTwfyg? rajymwwfygbl;? ajymvsifvnf;
bke;f Bu;D ajymwmeJY ysuo f mG ;rSmyg}

610 ÓPuxm
79/ rif;uGe;f a½Tjrifwifawmifü aum@nAk't

¨ m; ½SiÓ
f P
ajymaom &[ef;udppö um;
]igh½iS f jyefvmjyefovm;}
][kww f ,f? bke;f Bu;D u uefaY umfyifpu kd cf siwf ,fajymwm
trSw&f vdYk uefaY umfaphawG &wmeJY ydzYk v Ykd mcJw
h m}
]aus;Zl;yJ igh½iS ?f uefaY umfyifuav;awG pdu k Mf unfrh ,f}
]bm&nf½, G Nf y;D bke;f Bu;D pdu
k rf mS vJ}
]½d;k ½d;k yg}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]uefaY umfyifu aEGrmS t½Gurf csb;l ? onfay:rSm aEGt½Guf
½SdwJhtyif r½Sdbl;}
]onfvdkvm;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]uefYaumfaAm"dtwGuf &nf½G,frvm;vdkYyg}
]onfvdk pdwful;r,Ofygbl;}
]yGifhvsifvnf; aumif;ygw,f}
][kww f ,f? tyifraovsif yGirhf mS ygyJ? yGiv hf siaf wmh toifh
avsmfqHk;aygh}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]vSvnf;vSw,f? arT;vnf;arT;w,faygh}
]'gawG cHpm;ovm;}

ÓPuxm 611
]igwdu Yk kd opfom;½kyBf u;D vdYk rSwv f v

Ykd m;}
]w&m;vkyfaewJholyJ}
]w&m;vkyw f m rw&m;aysmufzyYkd ?J yef;tvSet YJ eHu
Y rw&m;
wmrS r[kww f m}
]bkef;BuD;u em;rvnfp&myJ}
]igwdaYk vmuf ½d;k pif;olukd bmem;rvnfwmvJ}
]trsm;eJYrwlvdkYyJ}
]bm rwlwmvJ}
]awmxJrSmaeNyD; w&m;vnf;rxdkifbl;}
]rxdik b f J vkyaf ew,fqv kd sif b,fvakd jymrvJ}
]wynfhawmf wpfaeYig;Budrf xdkifw,f}
]igwdu Yk igh½iS rf S r[kww f myJ}
]wpfO;D eJw Y pfO;D b,fwyl ghrvJaygh? pdww f nfatmif vky&f
wmcsif;awmh wl&rSmaygh}
]pdww f nfwm w&m;vdYk b,foal jymvdv Yk }J
]udk,fawGUodwmaygh}
]udk,fawGUtodjzpfwmeJY trSefjzpfa&mvm;}
]rSev
f Ykd pdwpf rG ;f (wefc;kd )&wmaygh}
]pdwpf rG ;f &nfwefc;kd &wmeJY rSew f m twlwv l m;}
]pdwpf rG ;f &nfwefc;kd &vsif csr;f omw,faygh}
]csr;f omolwikd ;f pdwpf rG ;f &nfwefc;kd ½S&d rSmvm;}
]pdwpf rG ;f &nf(wefc;kd )½Sv d siaf wmh csr;f omwmyJ}

612 ÓPuxm
]pdwpf rG ;f &nf½v dS Ykd csr;f omwm[m wu,fcsr;f omtppfvYkd

bmeJY oufaojyEdkifvJ}
]oufaojyp&mr½SdayrJY vufawGUawmhcsrf;omwmyJ}
]vufawGUcsr;f omwm avmueJu Y if;uGmaevsif tBu;D qH;k
qif;&JjJ zpfw,f qdw k m odovm;}
]bkef;BuD;u pum;uwfwwfvdkufwm}
]uwfwmwwfw,fqw kd m ESUH vdrYk w
S yf g? rESUH vsif rpyfb;l ?
rpyfvsif ruwfEidk b f ;l }
]pum;u tusdK;rrsm;ygbl;}
]ynm½Sw d t Ykd m; pum;vkrYd sm; Mum;zl;ovm;/ trSew f &m;udk
pum;eJyY J ppfaq;vd&Yk w,f? pum;rSm tjrKawrusvYkd trw"mwf
r0ifvsif bmrSr[kwv f yYkd }J
]uJèonftaMumif; xm;ygawmh}
]ukev f sif awmfraS ygh? rawmfvsif ukeo f mG ;rSmr[kwv f m;}
]ppfudkif;utaMumif; enf;enf;ajymr,f}
]ajymyg}
]ÓPpm*Dq&mawmfu y&uúrq&mawmfrsm;qDomG ;w,f}
]w&m;½Smolcsi;f awGUcsiv f Ykd aerSmaygh}
][kwfw,f}
]bmawGajymMuowJhvJ}
]ÓPpm*Du y&uúrwdu Yk kd ar;w,f}
]b,fvdkar;vJ}

ÓPuxm 613
]&[ef;udpöNyD;MuNyDvm; bk&m;vdkYyJ}
]a[;èonfvdkar;owJhvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]aumif;vdkufwm}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]a½S;acwfa[mif; atmufarhvdkY}
]b,facwfa[mif;vJ}
]bk&m;vufxufu acwfaygh}
]bke;f Bu;D u atmufarh&atmif tJonfacwf rDvv Ykd m;}
]pmxJawGUNy;D rD&wmaygh}
]b,fvdkatmufarhwmvJ}
]onfar;cGe;f [m tJonfacwfubke;f Bu;D csi;f awGUvsif EIwf
qufpum;yJ? tckacwfrmS onfvkd EIwrf quf0MhH ubl;}
]bmjzpfvdkY EIwfrquf0HhwmvJ}
]b,forl S w&m;r&Mu? &[ef;udpö rNy;D Muwm tm;vH;k od
jzpfaevdaYk ygh}
]odNy;D vsuf EIwq f ufvsif ajymifovkjd zpfrmS pd;k vdv
Yk m;}
]'gyJ}
]y&uúrwdu Yk awmh ppfuikd ;f ? rEÅav;waMumrSm &[EÅmqdk
wm [d;k av;wausmf jzpfaewmyJ? 'gaMumifh OmPpm*Dq&mawmfu
onfvEkd w I q
f ufwm jzpfrmS ygyJ}
][kwrf mS yg? y&uúrwdu Yk b,fvakd jzowJv h }J

614 ÓPuxm
]olwYkd w&m;r&ao;ygbl;wJh bk&m;}

]aumif;om;yJ}
]'gèbmraumif;ovJ}
]olwYkd onfavmuf usiahf eMuwmyJ? w&m;r&ao;bl; ajz
vdkY aumif;ygYrvm;}
]r&ao;vdYk r&ao;bl;ajzwm pum;aumif;tjzpfu bmrS
rcRwf,Gif;ygbl;}
]onfavmufusiw hf mawmif r&bl;qdak wmh b,faumif;
rvJaygh}
]usiw hf mMum½Hek YJ &&r,fvv Ykd nf; r[kwb f ;l yJ}
]oGm;rSawmh a&muf&rSmaygh}
]vrf;rSm; oGm;Munfyh gvm;? b,favmufomG ;oGm; ra&muf
bl; jzpfrmS yJ}
]w&m;yJ? bmrSm;p&m½So d vJ}
]onfvq kd v
kd sif igY½iS uf akd r;r,f}
]ar;yg}
]igY½iS f &[ef;udpNö y;D Nyv D m;}
]NyD;NyD}
]wu,fyJ &[ef;udpu ö kd igh½iS u
f Ny;D aeNyvD m;}
]Ny;D ygNy?D aovsif "mwfawmfuszyYkd }J
]aMomfètHhMo&ygw,f}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}

ÓPuxm 615
]onfvakd jzMum;wJph um; rMum;&bl;yJ Mum;vdu k &f vdyYk g}

]enf;enf; ar;prf;yg&ap}
]ar;yg}
]&[EÅmjzpfNyq D akd wmh av;r*fav;zdvk f &Ny;D oGm;NyaD yghaemf}
]&Ny;D ygNy}D
]tJ'g enf;enf;ajymprf;ygOD;}
]bmudkvJ}
]aomwmywådr*fudk b,fvdkqdkufvdkufovJ}
]nmbufwifyg;bufuae cg;ausmtwdik ;f em;xifa&muf
atmif e'DaMumBuD; oGm;aewm½Sdw,f}
][kwfvm;}
]tJonftaMumBu;D twdik ;f 'pf'pf'pfeYJ jzpfomG ;Ny;D wufvm
cH&wmyJ}
]aomwmywådr*fu onfvdkuswmudk;}
][kwfygw,f}
]ou'g*grdr*fjzpfwhJ 'kw, d r*fuaum b,fvu kd swmvJ}
]tJ'guawmh b,fbufue'DaMumtwdik ;f nmbufujzpf
ovdk jzpfwmyJ}
]ou'g*grdr*fuvnf; onfvkduswmudk;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvq kd akd wmh igh½iS [
f m av;r*fav;zdv
k uf sNy;D olayghaemf}
][kwfygw,f}

616 ÓPuxm
]at;}
]bmjyKovJ}
]em;vnfEidk af tmif BuKd ;pm;Munfv h Ykd r&ao;vdyYk g}
]bmudkvJ}
]igh½iS u f akd ygh}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]igh½iS f tvsiu f ajymcJb h ;l wJph um; wpfc½k w dS ,f}
]bmvJ}
]wpfaeYig;Budrf w&m;awGtm;xkwfaew,f-qdkwmyJ}
]tJ'g bmjyKovJ}
]tck &[EÅmjzpfNyq D wkd meJY tJonftjzpfu qefu Y siaf evdyYk }J
]b,fvdkqefYusifvdkYvJ}
]&[EÅmqdw k m udavom&efocl yford ;f udk Nird ;f owfNy;D oly}J
][kwfwmaygh}
]'gaMumifh &[EÅmudk ]uwH u&PD,}H -vdYk ajym&w,f}
]tJ'gu bmvJ}
]vkypf &mawGvyk Nf y;D ol jzpfw,faygh}
][kwfwmaygh}
]0kow d H jA[®p&d,}H -vdv Yk nf; bk&m;ua[mw,f}
]tJ'gu bmwJv h }J
]usio hf ;kH p&m tusit hf BuaH wGvnf; usio hf ;kH Ny;D oGm;NyaD ygh}
][kwfw,f}

ÓPuxm 617
]tJ'gawGu igh½iS ef YJ qefu Y siaf ew,f}

]b,fvkd qefu Y sio f vJ}
]igh½Sifu wpfaeYig;Budrf w&m;xdkifw,f? wpfcgxdkifvsif
ovdyaf wG trsm;Bu;D xGu&f w,f}
][kwfw,f? tJ'g tnpftaMu;awG ½Sif;aewmyJ}
]a&uav;wpfcu G af omufvnf; *gxmrEÅef MuL;aeovdk
ae&ao;wm}
][kww f ,f? tJ'gvnf; "mwfawG ½Si;f ae&wm}
]qGr;f pm;r,fqv kd nf; tMumBu;D yJ qGr;f udk pdu
k Mf unfah ewm
awG vkyfaewm}
][kww f ,f? "mwfawGukd r½Si;f bJpm;vsif ½Iyu f ek rf mS aygh}
]onfawmh igh½iS rf mS awmh vkypf &mawG trsm;tjym;udk ysm
,mcwf vkyaf e&w,f [kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]ysm,mcwf vkyaf e&wmeJY vkypf &mtvkyaf wG Ny;D Ny-D qdw k meJY
b,fvakd jyvnfatmif vky&f rvJaygh}
]aMomfè'gvm;? ½Si;f ay;ygr,f}
]vkypf rf;ygOD; igh½iS &f ,f}
]&[Eåmjzpfwmuawmh wu,fyJ jzpfNy;D wmyg/ aovsif
"mwfawmfuszyYkd J ½Syd gw,f? bmrS r½Sad wmhygbl;}
][kwfNyD}
]'gayrJ-Y }

618 ÓPuxm
]tif;}
]&[EÅmjzpfayrJY ud, k o f w d w hJ &m;udk olrsm;em;vnfatmif
ra[mwwfbl;}
][kww f myJ? igh½iS f igwdu Yk kd a[mcsiw f mawmif ra[mEdik jf zpf
aewmyJ}
][kww f ,f? bke;f Bu;D udk onfw&m; &apcsiw f myJ? 'gayrJY
ray;wwfbl;}
]at;è'g trSeyf }J
]onfawmh-}
]bmjyKvJ ajymyg? &yfraeygeJ}Y
]&[EÅm[m ud, k u hf pd yö J ud, k Nf y;D w,f}
]tif;}
]olrsm;tusKd ; bmrS raqmifEikd b f ;l }
]aMomf-}
]vlawG&UJ pm;0wfaea&; tulawGukd ,laeawmh vlawG&UJ
tusKd ;udk o,fy;kd aqmif&u G cf siw f ,f}
]onfpdwf ayguf&rSmaygh}
]tJonfpdwfaygufw,f}
]aumif;om;yJ? 'gèvlaumif;awGaygufwphJ w d yf }J
]onfawmh}
]tif;}
]bmvkyf&rvJ pdwful;w,f}

ÓPuxm 619
]tajzb,fvdk&rvJ}
]w&m; quftm;xkwrf ,fvyYkd J &w,f}
]w&m;u &Ny;D NyyD J r[kwv
f m;}
]&[EÅmjzpfatmifawmh &Ny;D NyaD ygh}
]'gèqHk;NyDyJ}
]rqHk;ao;bl;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]w&m;rS ra[mEkdifao;yJ}
]'guawmh tavYenf;ao;vdyYk J jzpfrmS aygh}
]r[kwfbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]ÓPfenf;ao;vdkYyJ}
]bmÓPfvJ}
]bk&m;ÓPf}
][m}
]tck tJonfÓPf&atmif tm;xkwaf ewm}
]trav;}
]tJ'g wu,fy}J
]bk&m;u jzpfO;D rSmvm;}
]jzpfrSmaygh}
]b,fawmhvJ}
]tckaygY}

620 ÓPuxm
]tif;}
]bmvJ}
]igh½iS u
f kd tckvkd ajymqdq
k ufq&H wm vlaumif;uav;t
jzpf b,favmufMumatmif jrifciG &hf OD;r,f pOf;pm;rdvyYkd g}

ÓPuxm 621
80/ jrpfi,fNrKd U jrpfw;l ½Gm aq;q&mBu;D OD;baomftrd üf

OD;baomftm; ½SiÓ f Pajymaom w&m;*kP&f nf pum;
]OD;cifarmifarG;aeYw&m; aqG;aEG;yGJ b,fvv

kd b
J &k m;/ trdeYf
½Syd gOD;}
]bmudv k J bk&m;}
]olaY rG;aeYrmS olUwdu
k af ½SUvrf;ay:rSm r@yfx;kd Ny;D rEÅav;eJY
jrpfi,f0ef;usiu f w&m;orm;awGpNk y;D w&m;aqG;aEG;yGJ vkyrf ,f/
tJ'g OD;Zif;udkvnf; yg0ifwufa&mufay;&r,f-vdkYaygh}
]bkef;BuD; vufcHvdkufa&mvm;}
]jiif;wmaygh/ 'gayrJ?Y r&bl;Asm/ wtm;awmif;qdak ew,f/
vlawGpNk y;D w&m;pum; ajymqdw k mrSm ryg0ifczhJ ;l bl;/ onfawmh
aMumifppD eD YJ rvmyg&apeJY ajymw,f/ 'gvnf; r&bl;}
]'geJY bkef;BuD;0efcHa&mvm;}
]vG,v f , G af wmh 0efrcHb;l }
]b,fvdkajymNyD; 0efcHwmvJ}
]tJonfyrJG mS OD;Zif;udk obmywdae&may;vsif vmcJrh ,f
vdkYaygh}
]ay;r,f ajymovm;}
]ajymw,f/ 'geJyY J tJonfyx JG J a&mufcw
hJ myJ}
]olYwdkufa½SUrSm r@yfBuD;xdk;vdkYyJ}

622 ÓPuxm
][kww f ,f/ tJonfr@yfxrJ mS vlawGvnf; tweftoifh

a&mufaeMuw,f/ OD;Zif;vnf; obmywdae&m 0ifxikd &f w,f}
]tcrf;tem;rSL;u b,folvJ}
]OD;vSodef;&JUa½SUxGufBuD;av? OD;ausmfaz}
]olu tcrf;tem;rSm vlpakH wmh zGizhf Ykd bke;f Bu;D udk rdecYf eG ;f
tacRcdkif;rSmaygh}
][kwfw,f}
]bkef;BuD;u bmawGajymovJ}
]ajymzdYk pOf;pm;Ny;D om;awmh½w dS m r[kwb f ;l ? 'gayrJY enf;
enf;xdxrd rd d ajymjzpfw,f}
]ajymzd&Yk nf½, G cf suf r½Sb
d eJ YJ bmjzpfvYkd obmywdvyk rf ,f
awmif;qdkwmvJ}
]vlawGeYJ 'l;wifaygifwif aqG;aEG;cH&rSm ½SuEf ;kd vdyYk }J
]onfvdkawmh vkyfyghrvm;}
]rajymwwfbl;av}
]obmywdjzpfawmh rdecYf eG ;f u ajym&awmhr,f}
][kww f ,f? odyBf u;D pdwx f rJ mS 0efav;usyw f nf;oGm;wm
awmh rjzpfygbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]ud,k rf mS csiw
f mav;awG rSmcGi&hf rSmjzpfwm atmufarhrv d yYkd }J
]bmrSmcsifwmvJ}

ÓPuxm 623
]w&m;aqG;aEG;wJt h cg odyBf u;D ½kyyf suq f if;ysuf jiif;ckw

H m
rsKd ; rjzpfbaYkd ygh}
]tJ'g rSmovm;}
]rSmw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]w&m;aqG;aEG;yGJawG rwufzl;bl;? 'gayrJY Mum;zl;w,f?
ig;pdr;f onfawG ig;vkovdk jiif;MuckMH uw,f-vdyYk /J onfyrJG mS onf
vdrk vkyMf uzdYk vdyk gw,fvaYkd ygh}
]rvkyef YJ ajymwmyJvm;}
]r[kwfbl;}
]bmvkyfovJ}
]rvkyfEdkifatmif tcsuftvufawG csay;xm;w,f}
]tcsut f vufcsay;zdYk pdwu f ;l Ny;D om; ½So
d vm;}
]tJonfusrS ay:wm}
]tJonftcsufawGu bmawGvJ}
]w&m;*kPf&nfajcmufyg;yJ}
]tJ'gu b,fvkd owd&vmvdv Yk }J
]w&m;aqG;aEG;Muw,fqw kd m w&m;tppftwkcjJG cm;zdYk ajym
Mum;MuwmawGvdkY awG;rdw,f}
][kwfwmaygh}
]twktppfukd bmeJcY rJG vJ? igYukd tcGcJ ikd ;f vsif igu bmeJY
cGrJ vJ/ 'gudk tajy;tvTm;yJ pOf;pm;w,f}

624 ÓPuxm
][kww f ,f/ 'gèpOf;pm;p&myJ}

]pOf;pm;p&maumif;ayrJY trIrt hJ rSwrf -hJ yJ/ tvsiu
f rpOf;
pm;rdbl;}
]rpOf;pm;rdwmrSmvnf; tjypfawmh rajym&bl;}
]ud, k f oifMum;em,l rSwo f m;xm;&wJh w&m;udk b,fvkd
toH;k csr,fvYkd pdwu f ;l zl;wm r[kwb f ;l }
][kwfw,f}
]onfawmh toH;k rS usygYrvm;vdYk ylyefwmvnf; rjzpfb;l }
][kwfwmyJ}
]Ny;D awmh ud, k w hf &m;udk oHo,vnf; r0ifz;l bl;}
][kwfw,f}
]vH;k 0trSeaf wGyv J Ykd oEé|d mefusNy;D om; jzpfaew,f}
][kww f ,f bk&m;}
]onfawmh ud, k [ hf mud,
k f twktppfc&JG rnfjh yóem ray:
bl;/ onfawmhvnf; bmeJpY pd pf&r,fqw kd hJ jyóemvnf; ray:bl;}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]tckvkd w&m;aqG;aEG;yGq J w kd hJ jyóemay:vmawmh txl;
tm;jzifh onfyGJrSm jiif;MuckHMuwm rjzpfapcsifbl;/ rjzpfatmif
bmvky&f rvJ/ onfjyóemay:vmawmh w&m;twkçtppf bmeJY
cGrJ vJvv
Ykd nf; pOf;pm;rdwmaygY}

ÓPuxm 625
]wifyg bk&m;}
]onfawmh a½Ttwktppfukd bmeJcY o
JG vJvYkd tawG;ay:
w,f}
]bmeJYcGJovJ bk&m;}
]a½T*P
k &f nfeYJ cGw
J myJvYkd tajzxGuw f ,f}
]b,fvdk*kPf&nfvJ bk&m;}
]a½T[m 0gw,f? aysmw h ,f? b,favmufxm;xm; taMu;
tan§mf rwufb;l ? i&Jr;D rpm;bl;/ 'gawG[m a½T&UJ wjcm;eJu Y jJG ym;
wJh 0daooawGy/J 'g *kP&f nfawGaygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]w&m;twkçtppfvnf; w&m;*kP&f nfeYJ cG&J rSmyJ owd&
w,f/ tJ'geJyY J tJonfrmS ajym&w,f}
]b,fvdk ajymwmvJ}
]w&m;aqG;aEG;wJt h cg rjiif;rck&H atmif w&m;*kP&f nfrw D hJ
w&m;awGukd aqG;aEG;Mu&r,f-vdyYk }J
]w&m;*kP&f nfukd b,fvkd azmfxw k of vJ}
]bk&m;&JUw&m;rSm *kP&f nfajcmufyg; ½Sw d ,f? yXr*kP&f nf
[m ]oGmu©mw}-jzpfw,f}
]tJ'gu bmvJb&k m;}
]olrsm;tjypfwif uJ&h UJ vdrYk &atmif aumif;wJph um;}-vdYk jzpf
w,f/ cifAsm;wdYk aqG;aEG;MuwJw h &m;[m pum;aumif;t*FgeJY jynfh
pHw
k m jzpfMu&r,f-vdaYk jym&w,f}

626 ÓPuxm
]'kwd,*kPfuaum bk&m;}
]oE´d|du}-jzpfw,f? aumif;½keH YJ rNy;D bl;/ ]u, kd w f ikd jf rifEikd w
f hJ
t&m} jzpfzv Ykd nf; vdw k ,f/ tJ'geJjY ynfph w kH w
hJ &m; jzpfatmif aqG;
aEG;MuzdkYyg}
]wwd,*kP&f nfaum bk&m;}
]tJ'gu ]tumvdu}jzpfw,f/ bk&m;w&m;[m ]umv&JU
twdu k t f pm;rcH&wm}-jzpfw,f/ aqG;aEG;MuwJw h &m;awG[m um
vtwdu k t f pm; rcH&rnf[ h mawG rjzpfzYkd BuKd ;pm;&r,faygh}
]pwkw¬*kPf&nfaum bk&m;}
]{[dyódu}-[m ]olrsm;udk jyvdkY&w,f}-qdw k t hJ "dygÜ ,f½dS
w,f/ ud, k af qG;aEG;rnfw h &m; olrsm;jyvd&Yk wmjzpfzv Ykd nf; owd
xm;Mu&r,f}
]yÍör*kPf&nfu-}
]Moyae,su d }- ]ud, k wf ikd u
f siv
hf &Ykd wJw h &m;}-jzpf&r,f/ ud, k f
wifjywJhw&m;[m vkyfvdkY&wmjzpfzdkY vdkw,f}
]q|*kP&f nfaum bk&m;}
]onfèaemufqHk;*kPfu ]vufawGUtusdK;cHpm;&r,f}-yJ/
a½SUa½SU*kPaf wGeYJ jynfah eOD;awmh/ vufawGUrcHpm;&vsif jiif;ck&H
vdrOhf ;D r,f/ onfvrkd jzpfatmif vufawGUtusKd ;&rnfh t&mrsKd ;jzpf
atmif ud, k w f ifjyrnfwh &m;udk pdppfwifjyMuygvdYk ajym&w,f}
]onfajymcsuef n YJ v D sif rjiif;ckbH ;l vm; bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 627
][kww f ,f/ jiif;ckw H ,fqw kd m *kP&f nfwpfcsuaf vmufeYJ

wifjyawmh use*f P k &f nfawGvakd ewm awGUolu tJonf*P k af wG
vdak evdYk wifjywmyJ}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]a½Tujkd yvsif 0g½Hek YJ a½TvjYkd yvsi?f aysm&h UJ vm;eJY Munfrh mS yJ/
aysm½h Hk 0g½keH jYJ yvmvsiv f nf; i&Jr;D tpm;cH&v J m;eJY Munfrh mS yJ/ tpp
onfvykd J ol&Y w dS *hJ P
k &f nfawGp&kH UJ vm;eJY Munfrh mS yJ/ rJaew,fqv kd sif
twkjzpfaevdkYaygh}
]tJ'geJY olwYkd aqG;aEG;Mua&mvm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f? wpfusdwfausmfyJ aqG;aEG;Muw,f}
]rjiif;Mubl;vm; bk&m;}
]rjiif;Mubl;}
]*kP&f nfawmh rDMu&JUvm; bk&m;}
]b,frDrvJ}
]bmjzpfvdkY rjiif;MuwmvJ}
]vefNY y;D xde;f oGm;MuvdaYk ygh}
]b,fvdkxdef;wmvJ}
]odyBf u;D aocsmw,fvYkd ,lqwJh t&muav;udyk J odae
atmif aoaooyfoyf wifjywmaygh}
]wynfah wmfwq Ykd &mBu;D jrpfw;l q&marmif ygao;vm;}
]tpOD;qkH;yJ}
]olu xde;f &JUvm;}

628 ÓPuxm
]xdef;NyDvm;}
]onfvu l w&m;yGaJ wGrmS EGm;½dik ;f cwfovdk zGmvHusJ vkyf
oGm;wwfwm}
][kww f ,f? olu w&m;wwfçpmwwf avmuDynmvnf;
tjrif½w
dS hJ aq;q&m? bke;f Bu;D vlxu G Bf u;D r[kwv f m;}
]olèbmaMumifNh ird w f m xifovJ}
]aMumufvdkYaygh}
]bmudkvJ}
]rarQmv f ifw h hJ OD;Zif;wdYk ajymqdrk eS u f efcsuuf akd ygh}
]tJonfvdk xifovm; bk&m;}
]olrrS [kwb f ;l ? a½TNrKd Uawmfu omoemydik jf zpfvnf; onf
pum;udk uzsu, f zsuv f yk vf Ykd r&bl;}
]'gudk oloyd ykH }J
]odEikd wf t hJ aetxm; ½Sw d ,f}
]aqG;aEG;csed f b,favmufMumvJ bk&m;}
]av;em&D}
]wifjycsuaf wG wpfa,mufwpfayguf raebl;vm;}
]raebl;}
]b,frmS oGm;wlvJ bk&m;}
]tewå-aygh}
]tm;vH;k tewåqu kd af tmifyJ aqG;aEG;oGm;Muovm;bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 629
][kww f ,f? qH;k awmh tcrf;tem;rSL;u tcrf;tem; ½kyf

odrf;ay;zdkYajymw,f}
]bmajymvJ bk&m;? tydwrf ed cYf eG ;f aygh}
]cifAsm;wdYk aqG;aEG;oGm;wmawG[m yXrvlubm? aemuf
qH;k vlu bmjzpfw,faygh/ csKyv f u
kd vf sif wlaewJt h wGuf onfaqG;
aEG;yGBJ u;D atmifjrifpmG yJ Ny;D qH;k aMumif; rSw&f r,f/ 'gayrJY aemufq;kH
tjzpf OD;Zif;ajymcsifw,fvdkY ajymvdkufw,f}
]bmajymvJ bk&m;}
]onfaqG;aEG;csuaf wG Mum;&awmh i,fi,fu tarajym
wJh yHu k av;udk owd&w,fvyYkd }J
]yHu
k b,fvv kd }J
]tarhukd yHak jymzdYk ylqmvGe;f awmh tarhrmS yHu k ek af eyHyk /J
'gayrJY rajymrjzpfajymwmu [dk;a½S;a½S;wkef;uvdkYyJ pw,f/ yHk&JU
umv cif;Ny;D oGm;awmh olZY mwfaumif xkwv f mw,f/ Zmwfaumif
u bmvlBu;D wpfa,muf½w dS ,fvyYkd /J Zmwfaumifbm qlBuKH erd jhf rifh
rygbl;/ qufajymwmu bm"m;Bu;D udx k rf;Ny;D bmawmxJ oGm;
w,f/ tJonfrmS bmyifBu;D u bmoD;awG oD;aew,f/ bmvlBu;D
u bm"m;eJY ckwcf svu kd w
f m bmrSr[kwb f ;l vdYk jzpfomG ;w,f/ tck
vnf; aqG;aEG;MuwJw h &m;awG[m bmvlBu;D u bmyifBu;D udk bm
"m;Bu;D eJcY wk vf Ykd bmrSr[kww f mBu;D jzpfomG ;ovdyk /J bmrSr[kwf
bl;? tewåvYkd jzpfomG ;w,f}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}

630 ÓPuxm
]bmrSr[kwfwmBuD;udk bmtwGufrsm; vkyfaeMuovJ

rajymwwfatmifyJ/ bmrSr[kwfvsif bmrSrvkyfbJ ypfxm;zdkYyJ
raumif;Mubl;vm;vdkY ajymcJhw,f}
]bke;f Bu;D eud, k u
f onfvjkd rifxm;ovm;}
]0do'k rd¨ *fusr;f a0zefwt
hJ ydik ;f qDuawmh onfoabm oH;k
oyfzl;wmaygh}
]onfqdkawmh aqG;aEG;yJGNyD;a&maygh}
]rNyD;wwfbl;}
]b,fvdkjzpfao;vJ}
]tcrf;tem;rSL;u &ifywfpx kH Nk y;D rauspum; ajymav&JU}
]tHhMop&myJ}
]onfxuf tHMh o&rSm½Sad o;w,f}
]bmvJ bk&m;}
]w&m;orm;awG npmpm;NyD;tukefjyefMuwmyJ nw&m;
remMuawmhbl;}
]nbkef;BuD;a[mawmh wynfhawmfvmwmyJ}
]tJ'g wjcm;y&dowfy?J yG½J iS Of ;D cifarmifu, kd w
f ikd f OD;Zif;wdu
Yk kd
xGurf awGUawmhb;l / a½Tjrifwifbek ;f Bu;D u xD;xufx;D vkyw f ,fvYkd
ajymw,fvYkd od&w,f}
]aumif;w,f bk&m;}
]tif;aygh}

ÓPuxm 631
81/ 0ufvufNrKd Ue,f? vSawma½Tusi½f mG ü OD;qiftm; ½SiÓ

f P
ajymaom jrpfi,faqG;aEG;yGJpum;
]bke;f Bu;D w&m;yGJ jzpfzYkd BuKd ;pm;&wm tarmyJ? a½Tjrifwif

qdv k Ykd a½TjrifwifawGuvnf; aygvdu k wf m}
]b,fqrD mS ½Sad o;vdv Yk }J
]rH½k mG bufvnf; ½Sw d ,f? pOfu h ;l bufvnf; ½Sw d ,f/ tJonf
awGvnf; pHkprf;w,f/ rEÅav;awmif? ppfudkif;awmifawGvnf;
pHkprf;w,f}
]a½Tjrifwifawmif oJveG pf u b,fu&wmvJ}
]bke;f Bu;D eJY rEÅav;u w&m;yk*Kd¾ vaf wGeYJ aqG;aEG;yGJ av;acG
udk em&&mu od&wmyJ/ tJonfBuKd ;acGu [db k uf½mG uvl rEÅav;
uqufNy;D ygvmwmyJ}
]tJonfBudK;acGvmvrf; vdkuf&rSmudk;}
]tJ'guvnf; jywfaew,f? b,foal wGvYkd odwm r[kwf
bl;}
]'gqdak wmh cufomG ;wmaygh}
]tckawmh awGU&ygNy?D onfvakd wGUwJt h csed f tJonf w&m;
BuKd ;acG jzpfvm&jcif;taMumif; OD;qH;k enf;enf; ajymay;ygOD; bk&m;}
]tJ'gvnf; w&m;ygyJ}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}

632 ÓPuxm
]OD;Zif;rSm wynfrh wpfa,muf &Sw d ,f? olu rvSNrKd if vdYk

ac:w,f/ jrpfi,frmS aewmyJ? olu onfaqG;aEG;yGJ pwmyJ}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]olu rEÅav;rSm taMumif;tm;avsmpf mG w&m;aqG;aEG;yGJ
em;axmifrd&mu ar;cGef;wpfcsdKU jyefar;rdw,f/ aemufqHk;awmh
q&mtñTecf ikd ;f cH&Ny;D ñTeaf wmh a½Tjrifwifbek ;f Bu;D udk qG&J rf;ypfr,f
BuKH ;0g;Ny;D rvSNrKd ief YJ tcsed ;f tcsuvf yk cf w
hJ myJ}
]bke;f Bu;D udk ar;raebl;vm;}
]rar;bl;? b,f&uf jrpfi,fta&muf vmay;yg/ b,fol
awGukd olcsed ;f xm;w,fvYkd taMumif;Mum;ay;w,f}
]bkef;BuD;u oGm;a&mvm;}
]oGm;wmaygh? jrpfi,fwum wcsKd Uu pdw0f ifwpm; pDpOfae
Muw,f}
]olwv Ykd nf; tJonfaeYrmS vmMuovm;}
][kwfw,f? um;uav;wpfpD;eJYyJ/ (11)em&DavmufrSm
a&mufMuw,f/ vl½Spfa,mufavmufyJ}
]b,folawGvJ bk&m;}
]rEÅav;u OD;udk&if? OD;wifarmifwdkYvlodkufeJY jrpfi,fu
OD;csppf ed qf wkd ohJ el YJ ausmif;tkyqf &mBu;D wdv Yk nf; ygw,f}
]aqG;aEG;Mua&mvm; bk&m;}
]b,fvakd qG;aEG;&r,f n§&d wmu ESpef m&Davmuf Mum
w,f/ aemufq;kH rS olwu Ykd wpfa,mufcsi;f wifjyr,f/ tJ'gudk

ÓPuxm 633
OD;Zif;u acsyçaxmufcH wpfcck v k yk &f r,fqw kd meJY aps;wnfNh y;D aqG;

aEG;MuwmyJ}
]b,fov l ?J y|rqH;k aqG;aEG;olu}
]yef;&HO;D bdk qdo k yl }J
]bke;f Bu;D olwifjycsuu f kd tvG,f acgif;cgw,faemf}
]rNy;D bl;? 'gudk olwv Ykd nf; odaeMuwmyJ/ yG, J ikd af tmif vkyf
wmyJ/ onfvv kd yk wf m w&m;ygw,f}
]b,fvkd yG, J ikd af pwmvJ}
]A½kwo f w k cf qdak wmh pum;awG z½dzk &Jjzpfatmifaygh}
]tv,favmufrmS OD;csppf ed q f o
kd l ajymwmBu;D u aMumuf
p&mBuD;yJ}
][kww f ,f? cifAsm;wdu Yk xd;k vdu k rf ,fç cwfvu kd rf ,feYJ Ny;D
awmh cifAsm;wdu Yk vnfpif;cHomG ;w,fvYkd olt Y zGUJ u vlawGukd tjypf
ajymoGm;w,f}
]olu bke;f Bu;D udk wG,af wmhr,fqw kd m jrif&w,f/ tJ'g
b,fvkd ½Si;f vdu k wf mvJ bk&m;}
]olar;wmu ]y&rw¬opömorm;awG[m ed,wrdpmä 'd|d jzpf
w,f}-vdYk OD;Zif;a[mcJch suf rauseyfvYkd xkacscikd ;f wmyJ}
][kww f ,f bk&m;}
]'guawmh OD;Zif;&JUcGiyf ?J odvYkd y&dowfa½SUrSm atmfBu;D [pf
us,f ajymxm;wJ[ h myJ/ tvG,w f ulaygh}

634 ÓPuxm
]bkef;BuD;acsycsufudk txGefYrwufEdkifawmh oluvnf;

avsmhavsmhBuD; jzpfoGm;vdkufwm olrsm;u olajymovdkajymwm
cH&wJt h xdyJ bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]OD;ud&k ifqo kd u
l ajymwmu bmvJ? olww Ykd &m;&w,f xif
aewmawG avmu"HeaYJ wGUrS r&rSe;f od&w,f ajymwmvm;}
][kww f ,f? tJonft"dygÜ ,fyJ jzpfaew,f/ 'gayrJY aqG;aEG;
yGt
J qH;k rSm olu oa&jzpfw,fqw kd phJ um;rsKd ; yg;eyfpmG ajymw,f}
][kwfw,f? udk,fh[mudk,f jznfjyMuNyD; rBudKufMuawmh
ud,k [hf mud, k f jyeford ;f Muw,f-qdyk /J bmjyeford ;f wmvnf; rod
atmifyJ bk&m;}
]'gaMumifh 'gausomG ;atmif OD;Zif;u ed*;kH pum; vky&f wmyJ}
]b,fvdkvkyfwmvJ bk&m;}
]tckèOD;Zif;wdpYk um;ajymcJMh uwm tcsed af wGvnf; trsm;
Bu;D ukecf NhJ y/D pum;ajymMuolawG[mvnf; vlBu;D vlaumif;awGy/J
onfvv kd al wG onfavmufMumMumBu;D pum;awGajymwm bm
tESpo f m&rS xGurf vmbl;qdw k m rvSybl;}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]'gaMumifh onfvdkrjzpf&atmif OD;Zif;wdkYaqG;aEG;csuf&JU
yl;wGx
J w k jf yefcsuu f av;wpfck xkwjf yefEikd zf Ykd aumif;ygw,f}

ÓPuxm 635
]'gtwGuf xkwjf yefEikd af umif; xkwjf yefEikd pf &m&Sw d hJ tcsuf

uav;wpfck OD;Zif;u tqdjk yKMunfch siyf gw,fvYkd ajymw,f}
]olwu Ykd bmajymMuvJ bk&m;}
]ajymygvdYk ajymMuw,f}
]bmajymwmvJ bk&m;}
]avmuBu;D rSm w&m;qdw k m&Syd gw,f? tJonf w&m;qdw k m
[m [d[ k o kd nfonfawGxuf ]rw&m;&JUajymif;jyef qefu Y sibf uf
t&mrsm;om jzpfw,f}-qdw k thJ qdu k kd OD;Zif;u wifygw,f/ 'gudk
auseyfMuvsif tm;vH;k om"kac:ay;jcif;eJY azmfjyay;MuygvdyYk }J
]om"k ac:MuwmyJr[kwv f m; bk&m;}
][kww f ,f? om"kac:Muygw,f/ onfvq kd akd wmh onfw
&m;yG&J UJ ESpOf ;D ESpb f uf oabmwlwhJ t&m[m ]rw&m;&JU ajymif;jyef
qefu
Y sib f uft&m[m w&m;jzpfw,f}-qdw k myJ jzpfomG ;NyD r[kwf
vm;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;? olw&Ykd UJ onfètwnfjyKcsu[ f m olwYkd
vufO;D u wifcw hJ mawGukd ysujf y,fapwmudk oabmrS xm;½SMd u
av&JUvm; rodb;l bk&m;}
]tpawmh odrSmr[kwfygbl;}
]onfolawG bóm&mrvdkYac:wJh pum;ajym&rIudk t&
omcHaeMuw,f}

636 ÓPuxm
]wynfah wmfurkd sm; csw

d af jymvdu
k w
f mvm; bk&m;}
]cifAsm;wdYk vSawmom;uvnf; pum;cyf<u,f<u,fqkd xd
oGm;vnf; rwwfEikd b f ;l }
]onfoal wG aemufawmh odrvm;}
]od&rSmaygh/ pum;qdw k m ajymNy;D aysmufomG ;wmrS r[kwf
wmyJ/ rw&m;&JU ajymif;jyef[mvnf; w&m;qdw k m olwqYkd u
kd rf mS yg}

ÓPuxm 637
82/ 0ufvufNrKd Ue,f? vSawm a½Tusi½f mT ü OD;qiftm; 'kw,

d
tBurd f ½SiÓ
f Pajymaom ysuw f aYJ e&mMunfh pum;
]OD;qif b,fvv kd ?J OD;Zif;wdñ

Yk eT jf ycsuf w&m;uav;awG
em;csdKEdkifoGm;NyDvm;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]yXrtBurd rf mS bd;k qifyJ OD;Zif;wdu Yk kd w&m;a[may;zdYk oJ
BuD;rJBuD; &SmNyD;awmh yifhac:w,f/ bdk;qifyJ oHykH;wD;xkwfovdk
vkyfw,faemf}
][kwfygw,f}
]OD;Zif;wdu
Yk kd b,fou l aqG;aEG;&r,f/ b,fpum;a&muf
vsif b,fo0l ifeYJ aemufu, G uf pDpOfaewm odygw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJonfolawGyJ oabmusNyD; bdk;qif oabmruscJhbl;}
]rusb;l bk&m;}
]aemufq;kH awmh bd;k qifval wGeYJ bd;k qifyJ wjcm;pD jzpfomG ;
cJhw,faemf}
]olwdkYu wynfhawmfudk jyefNyD; tjypfwifvmMuw,f/
][kwo f m;yJ? usKyw f u Ykd b,fvjkd zpfaew,f} qdw k mrsKd ;aygh/ wynfh
awmfpw d x f rJ mS onfvkd rxifb;l / olwYkd b,fvjkd zpfwmvJ atmuf
arhw,f}
]bdk;qifjzpfaewm odygw,f}

638 ÓPuxm
]nw&m;a[mawmhvnf; emvdkYr&bl;}
]odw,f? tdrjf yeftyd af ew,fqw kd m odw,f/ em;r0ifwhJ
vkyif ef;uvnf; em;axmif&tcufom; r[kwv f m;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]wynfah wmfrw d af qGawG&UJ tjypfwifwmawmh wynfah wmf
u BudwfcHae&NyDaygh}
][kww f ,f? cifAsm;cufcaJ ewm od&w,f/ 'gaMumifh rjyef
cifrmS bd;k qifukd oD;oefaY r;cGe;f xkwcf whJ m rSwrf v d m;}
]b,frrSwrf yd J aeyghrvJ bk&m;}
]bd;k qifw[Ykd m vlaumif;awGy/J 'gayrJY aumif;xufaumif;
atmif taumif;½IvdkufMuwm taumif;rawGUbJ tysufawGUMu
wm}
][kwfw,f}
]tysufawGUawmh bdk;qifwdkYu tysufudk½Sif;&rSm? tJ'g
r½Sif;bl;}
]tJ'gu b,fv½kd iS ;f rSmvJ bk&m;}
]vufawGU½Sif;&rSmyJ}
]wynfah wmfwu Ykd ½Si;f &wm-'kuv © Ykd rSww f m}
][kww f ,f? onfawmh r½Si;f bl;l / tysuu f kd ausmxf m;vdu
k f
w,f/ Mumawmh bd;k qifwYkd ysuaf wmhwmyJ}
][kwfw,f? wynfhawmfwdkYu vlysufawG jzpfukefMuw,f
aemf}

ÓPuxm 639
]vlawGu bd;k qifwu Ykd kd jrifMuwm Munfyh gvm;/ b,fvjkd rif

MuyHk ½So
d vJ/ b,fvkd qufqcH &H ovJ}
]vlysufyHkyJ}
]vluysuaf wmh ud, k Ef w I Ef v S ;kH awGu ajymifacsmaf csmef YJ ysuf
vmwmud;k / 'gawG vlawGu odwt hJ wdik ;f qufqw H maygh}
][kww f ,f/? wynfah wmfwu Ykd rysu&f mbJ Munfw h ,f/ 'gudk
bke;f Bu;D u taotcsm jyoGm;wmyJ}
][kww f ,f? 'gaMumifh bd;k qif bmawGvyk u f ikd Nf y;D touf
arG;ovJ ar;wm}
]wynfah wmfu um;vrf;ab; bD;jyifqikd zf iG NYf y;D jyifwmudk
ajymawmh bke;f Bu;D trde½Yf w dS myJ}
][kww f ,f/ OD;Zif;u ar;cJw h ,f? bd;k qifqD bD;jyifcsiv f Ykd
vmol&UJ bD;udk bd;k qifu ysuw f ahJ e&mMunfrh vm;? rysuw f ahJ e&m
Munfhrvm; ar;vdkufwm}
]owd&ygw,f/ wynfah wmfpw d x
f rJ mS ysuwf ahJ e&m Munf&h
rSm ay:ygw,f/ 'gayrJY ud, k w hf &m;"r® odxm;wmt& rysuw f hJ
ae&mMunf&h rSm owd&Ny;D rysuw f ahJ e&m Munf&h r,f-ajzwmyg}
]rysuw f ahJ e&mu ol[ Y mol aumif;Ny;D om;yJ/ cifAsm; bm
vkypf &m½Sv d Ykd Munfrh mS vJ/ Munfw h t hJ wGuf cifAsm; bmtvkyjf zpfrmS
vJ/ jyifzMYkd unfw h ohJ [ l m ysuw f mMunfrh S bmysuw f mvJ? b,fvjkd yif
&rvJ odrmS aygh-vdYk OD;Zif; ajymcJw h ,faemf}

640 ÓPuxm
]onfpum;[m wynfah wmfukd xdcu kd af pygw,f bk&m;}

]bkef;BuD;jyefoGm;awmh ]rw&m;&JUajymif;jyef[m w&m;}-
qdw
k m&,f/ ]rysuw f ahJ e&mudk bmvkyzf MYkd unfw
h mvJ? ysuwf mMunfrh S
jyif&rSm odrmS aygh}-qdkwm&,f[m wynfhawmfudk todajymif;apyg
w,f bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 641
83/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd ? &efuif;acsmifü "r®u

d OD;boef;ESihf
ynmAvOD;armifarmifwdkYtm; ½SifÓPajymaompum;
]raeYnuyJ onfacsmifq&mawmf OD;'Dy awmifay:a&muf

vmNyD; 'umBuD;wdkY awmifay:vmNyD; w&m;aqG;aEG;csifw,f ajym
vmw,f}
][kwyf gw,fb&k m;? wynfah wmfwYkd nuwnf;u vmMu
rvd?Yk wm;xm;MuvdyYk }J
]ajymw,f? q&mawmfu ajymw,f/ reufrSwufzdkY wm;
xm;cJ&h w,fv/Ykd tckreuf vmwJt h cg ½Sçd r½So
d &d atmif ncsi;f wuf
vmcJhwmvdkYa&myJ}
][kww f ,f? wynfah wmfwYkd pDpOfaeMuwm/ nurS bke;f Bu;D
qif;vmvdrrhf ,f ajymvd}Yk
]'umBu;D wdu Yk tkNd yqD w kd mvnf; xnfah jymawmh OD;Zif;qif;
vmcJrh ,fvYkd OD;Zif;u rSmvdu k w f myg}
]wynfhawmfwdkYu awmifay:wufEdkifygw,f}
]awmifu enf;enf;jrifw h ,f/ pdw&f adS yrJY use;f rma&;u
vnf; &Sad o;w,f r[kwv f m;}
][kwyf gw,f? tckvv kd nf; aumif;ygw,f}
]w&m;"r®epYJ yfNy;D b,fvpkd um; ajymcsiw f mvJ/ tJ'g pDpOf
Muav}
]onfvdkqdk raumif;bl;vm;}

642 ÓPuxm
]b,fvv kd J vkyyf g}
]yXr wynfah wmfwu Ykd wifjyygr,f/ tJ'gudk bke;f Bu;D u
aqG;aEG;wmaygh/ tJ'gNyD;wJhtcgrSm bkef;BuD;u wpfjyefwpfvSnfh
wifjyrIwm0ef,Nl y;D wynfah wmfwu Ykd aqG;aEG;r,faygh}
]aumif;NyDaygh}
]wynfhawmfu wifjyygr,f/ rwifjyrD wynfhawmfudk
ynmAv OD;armifarmif-vdYk oday;yg/ wynfah wmftazmfu "r®u d
OD;boef;yg}
]emrnfawGa&SUu ynmAvwdYk qdw k mawGu bGUJ awGvm;}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]bmawGvJ}
]wynfah wmfu q&mawmf OD;Moo"qDrmS w&m; qnf;yl;
aeygw,f/ bke;f Bu;D 0wfNy;D txd qnf;uyfaeygw,f/ tJonfwek ;f
u wynfah wmf&UJ bke;f Bu;D emrnfu ynmAvyg/ 'gaMumifh wynfh
awmfemrnfrmS wjcm;olawGeYJ uGjJ ym;atmif tJ'gudx k nfx h m; wm
yg}
]aMomfè[kwfuJh}
]Adv
k rf LS ;Bu;D &JU "r®u d udak wmh Adv
k rf LS ;Bu;D uyJ ½Si;f ygvdrrhf ,f
bk&m;}
]vkyyf gOD; Adv k rf LS ;Bu;D }
]wynfah wmfu OD;armifarmifvkd r[kwyf gbl;/ Edik if w H m0ef
u tem;,lawmh ukodkvfa&;twGufiJhNyD; a½Twd*Hkbk&m;ay:rSm

ÓPuxm 643
wHjrufvt JS oif;rSm vkyyf gw,f/ toif;trnfu ]"r®u d wHjrufvJS

toif;} jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh wjcm;trnfwlawGeJYjcm;atmif
"r®u
d udk a½SUuwyf ac:wmyg}
]at;Asmèpum;ajymwJt h cg ajymolawG&UJ tjzpfukd onfvkd
odEiS x
hf m;wm aumif;ygw,f/ OD;Zif;b0udv k nf; oday;Muyg? OD;
Zif;u uav;b0u bkef;BuD;ausmif;ae? t½G,fjynfhawmh udk&if
0wf? yÍÆi;f wuf pmoif? ig;0grSm awmxGuNf y;D w&m;"r® avhvmae
olyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'gayrJ-Y }
]bke;f Bu;D awmxJrmS b,favmufMumoGm;Nyv D }J
]q,fESpf0ef;usifavmufyJ}
]MumNyDyJ}
]tweftoifh&SdygNyD}
]w&m;enf;enf;ajymr,f bk&m;}
]ajymyg}
]tedp?ö 'ku?© tewå vu©PmawG rSeu f efwmudk todtrSwf
jyK&JUvm;}
]jyKygw,f}
]jzpforQ udavomw&m;awG[m tedpjö zpfw,faemf}
][kwfygw,f}
]jzpfwikd ;f ysuw
f ,faygh}
]ysufygw,f}

644 ÓPuxm
]onfvq kd v kd sif taMumif;qHvk Ykd jzpfymG ;wJh udavomawG

[m jzpfNy;D aemuf ½Sad ervm;? r½Sad ervm;}
]r½SdaerSmyJ}
]jzpfNy;D wJh udavomawGvnf; onfvykd J tedpjö zpfvv Ykd m;}
]jzpfygw,f}
]tJonfudavomawGvnf; jzpfNyD;ysufcJhNyDaygY}
][kwfw,f}
]ysuNf y;D awmh r½Sad wmhb;l aygh}
]r½Sdawmhbl;}
]tem*wfrmS taMumif;qHv k siaf wmh udavomawG jzpfrmS
aemf}
]jzpfrSmyJ}
]tJonf udavomvnf; tedpjö zpfrvm;? edpjö zpfrvm;}
]tedpyö J jzpfrmS yg}
]onfvq kd v kd sif tem*wfrmS jzpfvwHu h ad vomvnf; jzpf
NyD; r½SdawmYbl;aygY}
][kwfw,f}
]onfawmh twdwu f ad vomuvnf; twdwu f ysucf vhJ Ykd
r½Sdbl;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tem*wf udavomuvnf; rjzpfao;vdaYk &m? jzpfwm
vnf; ysurf mS rdYk r½Sb d ;l }

ÓPuxm 645
][kwfw,f}
]ypöKyÜefudavomuvnf; ypöKyÜefrSmyJ jzpfNyD;ysufwJhtrsdK;
jzpfwt
hJ wdik ;f ysuo f mG ;vdYk r½Sb
d ;l }
][kwfwmyJ}
]onfvq kd akd wmh udavomw&m;[m t½Sjd zpfwnfww YJ &m;
[kwfovm;ç r[kwfbl;vm;}
]t½Sd jzpfwnfaewJw h &m; r[kwbf ;l }
]onfvq kd v kd sif t½Sjd zpfwnfaewJwh &m;[m b,fw&m;vJ}
]tJ'g 'umBu;D wdYk ajymygOD;}
]udavomawG Nidrf;aewJhw&m;? [kwfovm;ç r[kwfbl;
vm;}
]tJonfvdk t"dyÜg,fa&mufwmaygY}
]onfawmh w&m;avhvmyGm;rsm;ol[m ½Sw d m od&rSmvm;?
r½Sw
d m od&rSmvm;}
]½Sw
d modatmif vky&f rSmaygh}
]½Sw
d m[m udavomrjzpf&mqdak wmh w&m;avhvmol[m
udavomrjzpf&m avhvm&r,f}
]tJonft"dygÜ ,f a&mufwmaygY}
]udavomrjzpf&m avhvmol[m Nird ;f csr;f aer,f r[kwf
vm;}
]Nidrf;csrf;rSmyg}
]'umBuD;wifjycsifwJh tusOf;csKyf[m 'gygyJ}

646 ÓPuxm
][kwfuJh}
]'gudk enf;enf;jyefaqG;aEG;rvm;}
]aqG;aEG;wmaygh}
]aqG;aEG;yg bk&m;}
]udavom[m ysurf sKd ;jzpfwt hJ wdik ;f jzpfNy;D ysuv f Ykd r½Srd mS
trSef jzpfygw,f}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]twdwu f ad vomawGvnf; twdwu f jzpfysuNf y;D cJv
h Ykd tck
r½Sad ewm rSeyf gw,f}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]tem*wfudavomawGvnf; tem*wfra&mufao;vdkY
rjzpf&ao;wmaMumifah &m? jzpfNy;D ysurf mS jzpfvaYkd &m? ysuNf y;D r½Sw d m
aMumifh r½SdwmrSefygw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]ypöKyeÜ u
f ad vomawGvnf; taMumif;qHv k Ykd jzpfayrJY jzpfNy;D
ysufoGm;NrJtwdkif;jzpfvdkY r½Sdwm rSefygw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gayrJ-Y }
]qufajymyg}
]udavomawG[m ]jzpfqrJ mS ylavmifjcif; ½Sçd r½S}d - jyefar;&
ygr,f}
]ylrmS ygyJ}

ÓPuxm 647
]jzpfqrJ mS udavom[m jzpfou l kd ylavmifapw,fqv kd sif

udavomawGu ysurf sKd ;twdik ;f ysuaf yrJY rysucf if jzpfaeqJrmS
vnf; ylavmifr,f/ tJonfudavomysufNyD; aemufudavomu
vnf; qufjzpfr,fqv kd sif ylavmifaMumwef;Bu;D jzpfaervm;çrae
bl;vm;}
]jzpfrmS yg}
]Oyrmajymr,f}
]ajymyg}
]vQyfppfrD;oD;xJu rD;prQifuav;[m rD;vTwfxm;vsif
rD;vif;aewm tNrJjzpfaew,f r[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]rD;oD;xJu eef;rQiaf v;ay:rSm jzpfqv J Qypf pf½cdS u
kd f vif;yg
w,f/ tJonfvQypf pf r½Sad wmhvsif rvif;awmhygbl;}
]'gayrJY tJonfvQypf pfuav; ysuw f meJt Y wl aemufu
vQypf pfreI u f av;wpfcu k tqufrjywf vmygw,f/ onfvkd [kwf
&JUvm;}
][kwfygw,f]
]onfeef;rQiu f av;ay: vQypf pfreI u f av;awG[m wpf
puúerYf mS rdik w
f pfoed ;f ½Spaf omif; ajcmufaxmifEeI ;f eJY jzwfp;D aewm
qdkawmh onfeef;rQifuav;ay: vQyfppfrIefuav; jzwfoef;wJh
tcsed [f m tvGef wdak wmif;ygw,f? [kw&f UJ vm;}
][kwfygw,f}

648 ÓPuxm
]onfvjkd zpfvYkd rD;vif;csed w f rkd mS jzpfayrJY onftwdak wG

w&pyfjzpfatmif qufvdkufawmh rD;vif;csdefu ½Snfcsifoavmuf
½Snaf wmhwmyJ r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]udavom[m jzpfcsed rf mS ½Sw d ,fqv kd sif ½Scd sed rf mS ylyefw,f
vnf;qdv k sif 'gawG w&pyfjzpfawmh ylyefrw I &pyf jzpfrmS aygh? [kwf
&JUvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gqdvk sif 'gudk t½St d jzpf todtrSwrf jyKbx J m;vdYk awmfygh
rvm;}
]tJonft"dygÜ ,f a&mufwmaygh}
]'gqdv k sif onfavmuf ta&;Bu;D wmBu;D ypfxm;Ny;D Nird ;f &m
rSm tm½H, k al evdaYk wmh pm;0wfaea&;? use;f rma&; 'kuj© zpfaewm
awGukd onf'u k a© wGNird ;f atmifqNkd y;D bde;f pm;Ny;D tNird ;f ,laeoleYJ
wlraebl;vm;}
]at;aygY bk&m;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]onfvq kd v
kd sif w&m;udk bke;f Bu;D uwifjyygOD;/ tJ'g 'um
Bu;D wdu
Yk emygr,f}
]OD;Zif;wifjyrSm ½Si;f ½Si;f ½d;k ½d;k yg}
]wifjyyg bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 649
]w&m;}-[m avmurSm½Sw d hJ rw&m;qdw k m&JU ajymif;jyeft

jzpfawG}-ygyJ}
]½Si;f ygOD; bk&m;}
]avmurSm rw&m;wmawG½Sdw,f r[kwfvm;}
]bmawGvJ bk&m;}
]tjrifrmS ;eJY jrifwm[m w&m;ovm;? rw&m;bl;vm;}
]rw&m;ygbl;}
]tawG;rSm;awG awG;vsiaf um}
]rw&m;ygbl;}
]tajymawG? tvkyaf wG? taeawG rSm;rSm;,Gi;f ,Gi;f qdv k sif
aum}
]rw&m;bl;}
]wvGBJ uKd ;pm;? Ed;k Mum;? pdwx f m; aevsiaf um}
]rw&m;ygbl;}
]rw&m;awG[m pkvu kd v f sif oH;k pm;½Sw d ,f}
]bmawGvJ bk&m;}
]vlrq I ufqaH &;rSm ud, k Ef w I Ef v
S ;kH vGeuf sL; &yfwnfwm
&,f/ tJonf&yfwnfcsufudk yGm;rsm;wm&,f? yGm;rsm;wJhtwdkif;
todawG rSm;wm&,fyJ}
]w&m;uaum bk&m;}
]tJonfrw&m;&JU ajymif;jyefawGy}J
]oDvçorm"dçynm qdw k mawGvm; bk&m;}

650 ÓPuxm
]&yfwnfcsufrSm;&JUajymif;jyef[m-oDv? yGm;rsm;csufrSm;&JU
ajymif;jyefu-orm"d? todrSm;&JUajymif;jyefu-ynm}-yJ/ tJonf
oDvçorm"dçynmawG[m w&m;yJ}
]tJ'gu avmuDvrl w I &m;awG r[kwb f ;l vm;}
]w&m;çrw&m;eJY tJ'gawG&UJ tusKd ;tjypfawG[m vlrmS yJ
jzpf&wmawGy/J onfav;csu[ f m opömav;yg;yJ/ 'g[m vlay:rSm
wnfaMumif; bk&m; txyfxyfajymcJw h ,f}
]bkef;BuD;w&m;u urÇmYAk'¨bmomawGeJY qefYusifaeNyD}
]urÇmeJn Y rD S w&m;vm;}
]psiu f kd urÇmuBuKd uaf eMuNy}D
]urÇmuBudKufvsif w&m;vm;}
]bke;f Bu;D a&;wJh usr;f pmuav;rsm; r½Sb d ;l vm;}
]½Sdw,f}
]tJ'g 'umBuD;wdkY zwfcGifh&rvm;}
]rlMurf;yJ ½Sad o;w,f}
]tJ'gudk 'umBu;D wdYk qufavhvmygr,f/ cPay;vdu k yf g/
ul;NyD;jyefydkYygYr,f}
]&w,f}
]bke;f Bu;D w&m;awG onfavmufxufaevsuef YJ bmaMumifh
awmifjrifBh u;D ay:rSm wufaeovJ/ w&m;ra[mbl;vm;}
]ud, k Nf y;D rS a[mzdaYk umif;wm}
]b,fvkd Ny;D &rSmvJ}

ÓPuxm 651
]udavom uke&f rSmaygh}

]ukev f Ykd &rvm;? obm0 r[kwb f ;l vm;}
]'umBuD;wdkYi,fi,fu rdef;rBudKufovm;}
]BudKufygw,f}
]tckaum}
]rBudKufbl;}
]BuKd uaf ewm vkyx f m;vdyYk ?J tckrBuKd uw f mu zsux
f m;vdYk
yJ? ud,
k vf yk x
f m;wm ud, k zf suv
f sif rysuyf ½J ydS gYrvm;}

652 ÓPuxm
84/ jrpfi,fNrKd U oBueF af usmif;ü q&mawmft½SiMf oo"tm;

½SiÓf Pajymaom Zift,l0g' pum;
]OD;ÓPqdkwm t½Sifbk&m;vm;}
][kwfygw,fbk&m;}
]a&mufaewmMumNyDvm;}
]vGecf w hJ hJ ESp&f ufavmufuyg}
]apmvSacsvm;}
][kww f ,f? t½Sib f &k m;wynfah wG ydv Yk ukd w
f hJ ydpYk m&awmh
olwdkYtoday;zdkY &nf½G,fNyD; apmapmvmcJhwmyg}
]bm today;csiv f vYkd }J
]q&mawmft,ltqeJY wynfhawmft,ltq rwlMuyHkeJY
rwloEl pS Of ;D yv’iw f pfcw k nf; w&m;a[m ryifo h ifyh ykH gyJ}
]ajymNyD;NyDvm;}
]Ny;D ygNy}D
]bmjyefajymMuovJ}
]olwyYkd ifw h mudk jyef½yk o f rd ;f ray;Mubl;/ w&m;yGjJ zpfajrmuf
a&;aumfrwD wpfusdyfESpfa,mufteufu q,fa,mufu r½kyf
odrf;bl; ajymMuw,f}
]a[mvdkufaygh}
]&ygw,f}
]onfueJY OD;ÓPu b,fvdkt,ltquGJjym;wmvJ}

ÓPuxm 653
]q&mawmfwu Ykd Zif-udk oabmusaeMuwmyJ]

]Zif-raumif;bl; xifovm;}
]Zif-u w½kwjf zpfypön;f yJ}
]w½kwfjzpfrdkY rBudKufwmvm;}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]w½kwjf ynfu acwfopfwpfcu k kd xlaxmifaeNy}D
][kwfom;yJ}
]tJonfoal wG u tJonf topfxal xmifrt I wGuf toH;k
rwnfv h Ykd trdu
I t f pGecYf &H wmxJrmS ZifA'k b¨ mom ygw,f}
]'gu olw0Ykd g't& rBuKd uMf uwmyJ}
]ArmvlrsKd ;vnf; wd;k wufrq I D oGm;&rSmyJ r[kwv f m;}
][kwfwmaygh}
]onfvq kd vkd sif onfrmS vnf; toH;k 0ifygYrvm;}
]'gu bmoma&;yJ}
]bmoma&;[m vlraI &;tawG;tjrif&UJ tvif;a&mify}J
][kwfrSmyg}
]aemufwpfenf;vnf; pOf;pm;p&m½Sdygw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]w½kwjf ynf[m jrefrmjynfeYJ NcpH nf;½d;k csi;f uyfaewJh wdik ;f
jynfyJ}
][kwfwmaygh}

654 ÓPuxm
]w½kwjf ynfrmS Zif-xGe;f um;aewm ESpaf wG&mcsMD umNyyD }J

][kwfw,f}
]Zif-aumif;vsif ArmawG[m NcpH nf;½d;k uav;ausmNf y;D vSr;f
,lvu kd ½f ykH ½J w
dS m r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
],lcJhMu&JUvm;}
]r,lcJhMubl;yJ}
]jrefrmjynfxu J kd Zif-0ifwm b,fu0ifvmwmvJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]w½kwu f vmwm r[kwb f J t*Fvefuvmwm jzpfvyYkd }J
]b,fuvmawmh bmjyKvdkYvJ}
]w½kwyf pön;f [m jrefrmjynfxu J kd w½kwjf ynfu rvmbJ
urÇmwpfbufjcrf;udyk wfNy;D t*Fvefu vmw,fqv kd sif Zif-[m
jrefrmjynfxu J kd aemufaz;u0ifvmwJh ypön;f vdYk ajym&rSmyJ}
]tJ'g bmjzpfovJ}
]tdraf ½SUuvmol[m ½d;k ½d;k om;om;yJ/ aemufaz;uvmol
qdw
k m ½d;k om;olawG r[kww f wfMubl;}
]ud, k af wmfu Zif-udk awmfawmfraumif;jrifaewJyh ykH }J
]onfavmufvnf; r[kwfygbl;}
]'gqdk b,fvv kd }J
]Zif-rSm vlawGtwGuf tqd;k awGrjzpfayrJY taumif;awG
rjzpfb;l vdYk jrifwmavmufygyJ}

ÓPuxm 655
]Zif-udk b,favmufoNd y;D Nyv D }J

]tenf;tyg;yg}
]tJonfvq kd v
kd siaf wmh onfvrkd a0zefoifb h ;l xifw,f}
]ud,k uf wwfrS Zifukd a0zef&rSmvm;}
]onfvdkawmh r[kwfygbl;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]Zif-udk a0zefcsiv f siaf wmh Zifjzpfatmif vkyzf v Ykd rkd mS yg}
]tJonfvakd wmh r[kwb f ;l yJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]aowmudk a0zefcsiv f Ykd aowm-vdYk jzpfrmS aMumifyh /J ao
olrS aowm a0zefcGifh ½Sdw,fqdkvsif aowmudkb,folrS a0zef
cGi&hf rSm r[kwb f ;l }
]bmqdkifovJ}
]qdkifygw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]Zif-udk a0zefcsiv f Ykd Zif-jzpfatmifvyk vf ukd vf sif Zif-jzpf
oGm;wmeJY Ziftjypfurkd jrifwm jzpfomG ;rSmyJ}
]onfvdk½SdEdkifrvm;}
]½Sdwmaygh}
]vkyfprf;ygOD;}
]aowm[m aooluwåm;udk aysmufysufatmif azsmuf
zsufwJhtjzpf&JU emrnfyJ r[kwfvm;}

656 ÓPuxm
][kwfygw,f}
]tJonfvjkd zpfvYkd aojcif;qdw k t hJ rIukd a0zefru hJ wåm; r½Sd
jzpfNy;D ig-aowm b,fvjkd zpfygw,fqw kd hJ a0zefcsurf sKd ; r&Edik &f bl;}
][kwfNyD}
]onfvykd J Zif-[m aumif;çraumif; jyKvyk rf aI wG&UJ t½Sd
r[kwrf u I kd jiif;qdw k 0hJ g'yJ/ aumif;jzpfap? raumif;jzpfap jyKjyKorQ
awG[m b,fou l rS zsurf ae&bl;/ ol[ Y mol ysuw f ,f/ 'gaMumifh
'gawG[m t½Sdr[kwfbl;/ 'gawG&JU r½SdaerIom trSef½SdwJht½Sd
jzpfw,fvdkY vufcHwJh0g'yJ}
]ajymygOD;}
]jyKvyk jf cif;udk t½St d jzpf vufrcHjcif;[m jyKvyk jf cif;&UJ t
usKd ;eJjY yKvyk jf cif;udjk zpfapwJh taMumif;awGukd vufrcH&m a&mufyg
w,f}
]vkyfygOD;}
]onfawmh Zif-[m vkyw f mawGvnf; t[kwrf [kwb f ;l ?
vky&f jcif;&JUtaMumif;awGvnf; t[kwaf wG r[kwMf ubl;? tusKd ;
awGvnf; t[kwaf wG r[kwMf ubl;vd-Yk vufcw H 0hJ g'jzpfw,f ajym
&r,f}
]qufygOD;}
]avmuBuD;rSm aumif;çraumif;? rSefçrrSef? [kwfçr[kwf
vkyf&wmawG[m tvkyf? tvkyf&JUtaMumif;eJY tvkyftusdK? onf
oHk;rsdK;udkvufcHrS ajym&wmawGjzpfw,f}

ÓPuxm 657
]ajymyg}
]Zifu onfo;kH csuu f kd zsuq
f ;D Ny;D oGm;Nyq
D akd wmh avmurSm
rSeçf rrSe?f aumif;çraumif;? [kwçf r[kwf bmrS rvkyEf ikd af wmhygbl;/
Zif-udkvnf; ra0zefEdkifawmhygbl;}
]vkyyf g}
]Zifu bmudyk J odaeawmhrvJqakd wmh tJonf ]aumif;ç
raumif;? rSeçf rrSe?f [kwçf r[kwf bmrSr½Sw d mom rSew f ,f}-qdw k myJ
odaeawmhrSmjzpfw,f}
]tJ'gyJ rSev f aYkd erSmaygh}
]tJonftrSe[ f m vltY wGuaf wmh rjzpfEikd b f ;l }
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]vlu pkaewmqdak wmh tpkpnf;½Srd S jzpfrmS rdyYk ?J vlt Y pkta0;
awGu ajzvTwv f Ykd vGwv f yfwm[m vlt Y wGuf rjzpfEikd v f yYkd }J

658 ÓPuxm
85/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd ? a½Tjrifwifawmifü MoVm&duokcrk

aq;q&mBu;D OD;xGe;f ½Sed f (rH½k mG )tm; ½SiÓ
f Pajymaom
y&rwf½v I sif w&m;r&bl; pum;
]wynfah wmfu xGe;f ½Sed yf g? tck awmifiNl rKd UrSm aq;cef;zGihf

ukaewJh aq;q&myg}
][kwfuJh? b,fvdkqufNyD; onfa&mufvmMuovJ}
]rEÅav;rSm aq;vmpk&if; MoVm&duaq;q&mtdrrf mS tcsed f
enf;enf;ydak evdYk w&m;½Sm&atmif ausmufoabFmausmif;udk tydYk
cdkif;ygw,f}
]OD;tke;f armif udvk m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJonfq&mu ausmufoabFmausmif;xuf pdw0f ifpm;
zG,af umif;wJah usmif; ½Sw d ,f? tJonfomG ;rvm; ar;vdYk oGm;zdaYk jym
awmh jrpfi,fydkYwmyJ}
]'gaMumifh oBueF af usmif;u ywfvmwmud;k }
][kwfw,f? tJonfa&mufawmh w&m;awGem&ygw,f/
bke;f Bu;D qDomG ;zdYk wdu
k w
f eG ;f MuwmeJY vmcJw
h myJ}
]awmfawmfarmovm;}
]bkef;BuD;awmifu jrifhvGef;w,f}
]wufpr½Sad wmh ydNk y;D armwmaygh}
]onfa&mufawmh onfx h ufarm&wm awGU&w,f}

ÓPuxm 659
]bmvJ}
]armarmeJY a&aomufr,fvYkd a&td;k pifem; a&mufomG ;
w,f/ a&td;k pifaemufu bkwrf mS a&;xm;wJph mudak wGU&wmyJ}
]tJ'g tarmajyzdYk vufaqmify}J
]ydkarmoGm;w,f}
]b,fvdk em;vnfoGm;vdkYvJ}
]y&rwf½v I sif w&m;r&bl;}-vdkYyJ}
]tJ'g OD;Zif;ajymwm r[kwyf gbl;}
]b,fol ajymwmvJ}
]usrf;ñTefNyD;om;yJ}
]vkyfprf;ygOD;}
]bk&m;½Spd Ofu? a&m[dPjD rpfa&vkyrJG mS ESpb f ufEikd if H ppfcif;
MuzdYk jyifMuw,f}
]Mum;zl;w,f}
]tJonfrSm bk&m;u aoG;eJYa& b,f[mutzdk;wefovJ
ajymNy;D ESpb f ufrif;awGukd ppfNird ;f apcJw
h ,f}
][kwfw,f}
]tJonfrmS Nird ;f csr;f a&;txdr;f trSwef YJ ESpbf ufv;kH u rif;
om;awG &[ef;jyKMuw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]tJonftcsed t f cg[m Bu;D jrwfwt hJ cgjzpfvYkd r[mor,
ac:w,f}

660 ÓPuxm
]r[mor,okw[ f m tJonftcgrSm a[mwJo Y wk af ygY}

][kwfw,f}
]ajymygOD;}
]tJonf&[ef;awG&UJ p½du k af wGtvdu k f w&m;&Muatmif
bk&m;uqufNy;D okweå af jcmufcu k kd a[mw,f}
]tJ'g rodb;l }
]tJonfow k eå af jcmufck a[mwJt h cgrSm onfw&m;udak [m
cJhwmyJ}
]onf*gxm[m txifu&aygh}
][kwfw,f}
]onf*gxmudk onft"dygÜ ,frsKd ;u vGaJ tmif onfomoem
u rzGifhbl;vm;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]'g rzGiv hf sif onfomoem&JU yifrt,ltqudk onf*gxm
u uefYuGufaevdkYyJ}
][kww f ,f? t|uxmu vTNJ y;D awmh zGiyhf gw,f}
]b,fvdkzGifhvJ}
]'kw, d yg'rSm ]Úówd}-qdw k yhJ 'k uf kd teufay;wJth cg ]od
vdrfhrnf}-vdyYk J ay;&rSm jzpfw,f/ ]Úówd}-[m Ó"mwf? tem*wf
umva[m ]ówd}-0dbwfy}J
]tJ'gudk b,fvdkteufay;xm;ovJ}
]tbdnmOfjzifh odvdrfhr,f}-vdkYay;xm;w,f}

ÓPuxm 661
]bmqdkvdkwmvJ}
]½d;k ½d;k odwmr[kwb f J tbdnmOfeYJ odwmudk qdv k wkd mjzpf
w,f/ onfvo kd w d m[m w&m;r&Ekid b f ;l aygh}
][kww f maygh? tJonfvjkd zpfrS 0g'&if;udk rxdyg;ovdk jzpf
rSmaygh}
][kwfwmaygh}
]½kyef mrf½v I sif wu,fyJ w&m;r&Edik b f ;l vm;}
]tm*r wdu k ½f u
kd ½f adS ewmyJ}
]obm0aum us&JUvm;vdkYyg}
]½kyçf emrf][m y&rw¬opömyJ? t&d,opömr[kwb f ;l / ]w&m;
[m t&d,opöm}-yJ? y&rw¬opömrSm w&m;vnf;r½Sb d ;l ? rw&m;
vnf; r½Sb d ;l yJ}
]y&rw¬opöm[m trSefr[kwfbl;vm;}
]rSerf mS ygyJ}
]rSefvsif w&m;r[kwfbl;vm;}
]rSe½f eHk YJ w&m;r[kwyf gbl;}
]w&m;qdw k m b,fv[ kd mvJ}
]vlepYJ yfwjhJ yóem ½Si;f vif;wJt h rSerf S w&m;}- jzpfygw,f}
]avmuBu;D &JU trSe[ f m w&m;r[kwb f ;l vm;}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]w&m;qdw k mu b,fvt kd "dygÜ ,f ½Sw d mrdv Yk }J

662 ÓPuxm
]vlaqmifvsif tusKd ;½Srd nft

h &m jzpfvYkd ]val qmif&rnfh
trSew f &m;om w&m;}-jzpfygw,f/ wjcm;trSeaf wG[m trSejf zpf
csijf zpfr,f/ w&m; r[kwyf gbl;}
]y&rw¬opömu wjcm;trSefvm;}
][kwfw,f}

ÓPuxm 663
86/ 'Dy&J if;NrKd U ausmif;opfausmif;ü OD;yÍÆi;f Bu;D OD;t*¾tm;

½SiÓ f Pajymaom ed,wrdpmä 'd|pd um;
]t½Sifbk&m;wdkY rif;uGef;rSmqdkawmh rif;uGef;wdyd#u"&

q&mawmfweYkd YJ tquftpyf ½Syd govm;}
]awGUqHBk uKH BuKd uw f mrsKd ;avmufawmh ½Syd gw,f/ ausmif;csi;f
u a0;ygw,f}
]w&m;"r® tar;tjref;aum ½Syd govm;}
]r½Sod avmufvYkd ajym&rSmyg/ olwu Ykd odyBf u;D jrifMh uNy;D OD;
Zif;wdu
Yk odyif ,fMuw,f qdw k mvdek vYJ nf; jcm;em;aeygw,f}
]r½So
d avmufqw kd m vH;k vH;k r½Sw
d mawmh r[kwb f ;l vdYk em;
vnf&rSmvm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]vGecf w hJ hJ vydik ;f avmufuyJ OD;Zif;wdu Yk wdy#d ueJY olwyYkd u JG kd
pmwrf;wpfck qufuyfczhJ ;l w,f}
]onfvdkqdkawmh tquftoG,f½Sdovdk jzpfoGm;wmaygh
bk&m;}
]vlcsi;f ajymqdw k mtxdawmh r[kwb f ;l aygh}
]olwu Ykd bmwkjYH yefovJ}
]tJonftaMumif;uawmh cyf½Snf½SnfyJ}
]ajymygOD; bk&m;}

664 ÓPuxm
]aeUpGJupNyD;ajymr,f}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]ckEpS q
f ,fu h ;kd ck? ud;k v? ud;k &uf (9-9-1979) aeYuyJ/ tJ
onfaeYrmS wdy#d uwdu Yk olw&Ykd UJ wdy#d uedum,ausmif;rSm ylaZmfyJG
wpfck vkyw f ,f}
]b,fou Yl kd ylaZmfwmvJ bk&m;}
]emrnfu ]bGUJ wHqyd af wmf&eJY "r®uxduq&mawmfrsm; yl
aZmfy}JG vdYk emrnfwyfxm;w,f/ bGUJ &eJY "r®uxdubke;f Bu;D oH;k q,fh
ig;yg; ylaZmfyyJG }J
]b,foal wGygovJ bk&m;}
]Armjynf½dS wdy#d uig;yg;vH;k eJY tbd"ZoH;k yg;½Sw d hJ teufu
wpfyg;? t*¾ig;yg;eJY ppfuikd ;f çrif;uGe;f çrEÅav;u "r®uxduawG
vnf; ygw,f}
]awmfawmf yGBJ u;D yJ}
][kwfw,f? onfyGJrwdkifrD apmapmuyJ onfyGJzdwfpmudk
qGr;f cHqif;&if; wpfae&mrSmawGUawmh 'gyGBJ u;D yJ/ onfyrJG mS wpHw k &m
aqmif½GufEdkifvsif aumif;rSmvdkY pdwfjzpfcJhw,f}
]pdwful;aumif;yJ}
]ausmif;jyefa&mufawmh ausmif;rSm½Sad ewJh OD;*kPudk BupH nf
cJw
h thJ wdik ;f ajymjyw,f/ olvnf; pdw0f ifpm;oGm;w,f}
]pdwf0ifpm;p&myJ}

ÓPuxm 665
]ESpaf ,mufaygif;Ny;D pdwu f ;l vduk Mf uwm/ tajzu pxGuf

vmw,f}
]b,fvdk xGufovJ}
]onfuodaewJh t,ltqudk wifjywJh pmwrf;wpfck uyf&
atmifvdkYyJ}
]'gtwGuf olu qufuyfww hJ m0efukd ,lr,f/ OD;Zif;u
a&;om;wJw Y m0ef ,lr,fvyYkd }J
]wm0efu bmjzpfvYkd cGw J mvJ}
]tm;enf;&m tm;oef&mvkyfwmyg}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]OD;Zif;u ruyf0b hH ;l ? aMumufw,f/ 'gayrJY pma&;zdq Yk v
kd sif
awmh a&;wwfw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]oluvnf; r½Surf aMumufb;l ? b,foUl ajym&ajym&? ay;&
ay;&yJ/ 'gayrJY pmra&;wwfb;l }
]bkef;BuD;u pma&;a&mvm;}
][kww f ,f/ rlMurf;a&;Ny;D awmh wumçwumrawGukd wdik f
yifygao;w,f}
]olwdkYu tm;ay;Muovm;}
]wm;Muw,f}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]tarSmifcef;xJ a&mufomG ;r,f ajymwmyJ}

666 ÓPuxm
]em;axmifcJhMuovm;}
]pOf;pm;Edik af tmif vmajymMunfw h myJvyYkd J ajymcJw
h m}
]b,fvkd pOf;pm;MuovJ}
]ausmif;jyefa&mufawmh OD;*kP ]b,fvv kd aJ r;w,f? rawmf
vsiv f nf; rvkyef aYJ ygh}-vdYk ajymw,f}
]bkef;BuD;uaum}
]olrvkycf siv f nf; igwpfa,mufwnf; vky&f rSmyJ-qdNk y;D bm
rSrajymbJ pmrlukd acsmaecJw h ,f/ av;ig;&ufMum acsmNy;D rS wynfh
awmfuawmh qufuyfr,fvYkd ajymcJw h ,f}
]OD*P
k u bmajymvJ}
]onfuvnf; b,frygbJ aervJ-vdyYk }J
]bke;f Bu;D u pdw0f ifpm;oGm;NyD xifw,f}
][kww f ,f/ onfw&m; odpu onfw&m;[m a[mvdYk
awmh r&bl;/ oHCmqDa&mufrS jzpfr,fvYkd txyfxyf pdwu f ;l cJzh ;l
w,f}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]oHCmu trSev f Ykd rSwxf m;wm vGaJ ew,f jrifvyYkd }J
]bmaMumifh oHCmxH rtyfjzpfovJ}
]oHCmrSmu oHCmh0ed pd , ä awG tzsucf xH m;&w,f? 0depd , ä
r½Sdbl;}
][kwfwmyJ}
]'gaMumifh b,foaYl jym&r,frod jzpfaecJw h m}

ÓPuxm 667
]tck bkef;BuD;awGuawmh avmufavmufvm;vm;awGyJ}

][kww f ,f? tJonf oGm;jrifwmyJ/ 'gaMumifh tJonfbek ;f
Bu;D awG pka0;wJyY u JG kd r[mor,-vdaYk wmif oH;k vdu k w
f ,f}
]onfavmuf *kPf½SifawG pkcJhwmyJ}
]'gaMumifh onfoal wGukd onfpmwrf;ay;&rSmudk b0u
ay;wJh ud, k w
hf m0efukd tausxrf;&wmyJ-vdt Yk xd atmufarhw,f?
tarYaus;Zl;qyfwmyJtxd jzpfw,f}
]pmwrf;u bmawGa&;xm;vJ}
]tzH;k pm enf;enf;? twGi;f pmu avQmufvmT ESprf suEf mS
wnf;yg}
]tzH;k u bma&;xm;vJ}
]qufuyf&jcif;taMumif;eJY qufuyf&usKd ;tjzpf? rSm;vsif
jyifay;cH&zdeYk YJ rSevf sif vufcaH y;MuzdYk ajymwmyJ}
]twGif;pmuaum}
]bk&m;omoem &nf½, G cf suef YJ onfaeYomoem&yfwnf
csuf vGJaewmudk ed'gef;vkyfw,f}
]b,fvdkvGJw,f ajymvJ}
]bk&m;u ]vlawGp;D yGm;jzpfz?Ykd csr;f omjzpfz?Ykd avmuudak pmifh
a½Smufz}Ykd - omoemxm;cJw h m jzpfaMumif;? yXrqH;k omoemjyKxu G f
zdkY rdefYcGef;udkudk;NyD; ajymcJhw,f/ onfaeYomoemu vlawGudk
tvkyt f auR;rjyKbJ vlawGu tvkyt f auR;jyKwmyJ cHaeMuwm
ajym&w,f}

668 ÓPuxm
]onfvkd jzpfaeovm;}
][kww f ,f/ 'gaMumifh omoem[m vlawG&UJ pGeyYf pfwmcH&zdYk
½Sw
d ,f/ onfvrkd jzpfatmif omoemxJu tvGaJ wGxw k zf Ykd vdwk ,f
vdkYyJ}
]bmawG vGJwmvJ}
]wynfhawmfwdkYodorQ xkwfjyr,fqdkNyD; tcsufESpfcsuf
xkwfjyvdkufw,f}
]ESpcf suuf b,fvv kd }J
]b0tjrifrmS ;eJY avmutjrifrmS ;-jzpfw,f}
]b0tjrifrSm;-qdkwmu b,fvdk[mvJ}
]wrvGeaf wG ½Sçd r½Sd cH,w l mawGy?J oóweJY Oapä'rdpmä 'd|d
awGyJ}
]avmutjrifrSm;-uaum}
]vl[m t½Srd [kwf cH,rl }I - jzpfw,f}
]tJ'g bmjzpfvv Ykd }J
]ed,wrdpmä 'd|d jzpfvyYkd }J
]b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ}
]vlawG t½Srd [kwv f sif vl&UJ trIawG&UJ taMumif;eJt Y usKd ;
awGvnf; r½SEd ikd bf ;l aygh}
][kwfwmyJ}
]vlraI wG[m uH&UJ emrnfawGy/J vlraI wG&UJ taMumif;eJt Y usKd ;
awG[m udavomvdkY qdkwJh [dwfawGeJY0dygufawG&JU emrnfawGyJ}

ÓPuxm 669
]onfawmh bmjyKvv Ykd }J

]Ak'¨bmom&JU avmutjrif[m ]uH? uHtaMumif;[dwfeJY
tusKd ;0dygufawG&UJ taMumif;tusKd ;tjzpf vnfywfjzpfymG ;aerI
awG}-yJ}
]y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;vm;}
][kww f ,f/ tJ'g avmuyJ? tJ'g 'kuo © pömyJ? tJonfopöm
udjk rifrS tJonf'u k &© UJ taMumif; ork',udk cGmEkid rf ,f/ 'gaMumifh
Nird ;f csr;f zdt
Yk wGuf avhvm&rnfah vmu[m uHeu YJ &H UJ taMumif;eJY
tusKd ;awG qufpyfyykH }J
]'gawG jiif;qdak wmh rNird ;f csr;f Edik b f ;l aygh}
]'gjrifrS Nird ;f csr;f rSm/ 'grjrifawmhb;l qdv k sif rNird ;f csr;f awmh
bl;/ rNird ;f csr;f Edik af wmhwhJ tjrif[m rSm;wJt h jrify}J
]rdpmä 'd|q d w kd m tJ'gaMumifh ac:wmvm;}
][kww f ,f/ onfèrdpmä 'd|[ d m Nrw J rhJ pd mä 'd|d jzpfw,f/ 'g
aMumifh onfètjrifrmS ;udk ed,wrdpmä 'd|v d Ykd ac:w,f}
]onfvq kd akd wmh ]igr½Sçd olr½S?d yk*Kd¾ vçf owå0gça,musmf ;çrdef;r
r½Sv d yk wf mawG[m ed,wrdpmä 'd|}d - jzpfwmawGaygh}
][kww f ,f/ tJ'gawG[m omoemxJrmS rif;rlaeMuw,f/
tJ'gaMumifh omoemu vlawGukd tvkyt f auR; rjyKEidk b f J vlawG
uom omoemtwGuf tusKd ;jyKae&wm jzpfw,faygh}
]'gaMumifh 'gawG omoemxJu z,f½mS ;ypfoifw h ,faygh}
][kwfw,f}

670 ÓPuxm
]tJonfpmawG qufuyfEdkifw,fvm;}
][kww f ,f/ pmoH;k q,fih g;apmifukd pmtdyaf wGtoD;oD;
xnfhNyD; pmtdyfBuD;wpfvHk;rSm pkxnfhw,f/ tJonfpmtdyfBuD;udk
tbd"Za½T[oFmq&mawmfBuD;udk uyfcJhw,f}
]oluwqifh jzefaY y;&rSmvm;}
][kww f ,f/ tJonfvykd J avQmufEikd cf w hJ ,f}
]rdwåLawG ay;ao;vm;}
]trsm;BuD;yJay;w,f}
]b,fqDvJ}
]jynfwiG ;f jynfy bmoma&;tzGUJ tpnf; odorQawGqD t
ukefydkYw,f}
]jynfyvnf; ydo Yk vm;}
]vdypf m&wJh Edik if q H ,fEikd if aH usmaf vmuf ydw
Yk ,f/ jrefrm
tpd;k &eJY ygwDqv D nf; ydw Yk ,f}
]ygwDu b,fv}J
]Ouú|wdkY? okawoeXmewdkYyJ}
]pmawGu yHkESdyfwmvm;}
]r[kwb f ;l / wdu
k yf ef YJ *ufpwDemeJY aumfyv D yk x
f m;wm
awG}
]tJonfpmawG bkef;BuD;awG &Muovm;}
]r&Mubl;}
]bmjzpfwmvJ}

ÓPuxm 671
]rjzefcY ifbJ wdy#d uwdu Yk odr;f vdu

k w
f ,fewYJ wl ,f}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]olwt Ykd pDtpOfxJ rygwmrdYk jzpfrmS ygyJ}
]tzsufoabmaqmifw,f xifvdkYrsm;vm;}
]onfyu JG kd ud,
k wf wfwyhJ nmeJY ylaZmfwmygvdYk ESrd chf spmG a&;
xm;wmygyJ/ 'gayrJ-Y }
]qufajymygOD;}
]olwyYkd v JG mwJh bke;f Bu;D awGukd acgif;pm;wJt
h vkyu f kd ab;u
ay;wmrsKd ; rjzpfapcsiw f m jzpfrmS ygyJ}
]wdyd#uu bmrSrwkHYjyefbl;vm;}
]w&m;0if rwkjYH yefb;l }
]w&m;r0ifaum wkHYjyefovm;}
]wkHYjyefyHkyJ}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]tn§Kd ;odx k m;wmrsKd ; aemiftcgrS od&w,f}
]tJ'gu b,fvv kd }J
]tJ'g xm;ygawmh}
]onfpmawG olwdkY zifckxdkifvdkufNyDaygY}
]tJonfvkd ajym&rSmyJ}
]tJonfvdkjzpfaMumif; b,fvdkod&ovJ}
]bmrSrvkyt f m;bJaewm &ufMumawmh raeEdik w f meJY ppf
udkif;oGm;NyD; a½T[oFmudk oGm;awGUw,f}

672 ÓPuxm
]awGU&&JUvm;}
]awGU&ygw,f}
]bmar;vJ}
]tJonfyrJG mS wynfah wmfwu Ykd yfwphJ mawG &yg&JUvm;aygY}
]b,fvdkajzvJ}
]&w,faygY}
]jzefY&&JUvm; ar;ao;vm;}
]ar;w,f}
]jzefv
Y u kd w
f ,f ajymwmyJ}
]bmar;ao;vJ}
]tJonfpmxJu taMumif;t&meJpY yfNy;D q&mawmf qH;k r
wm emcHzYkd vmwmygvdYk avQmufMuw,f}
]q&mawmfu b,fvdkrdefYMum;ovJ}
]rzwf&ao;bl;vdkYyJ}
]pmu trsm;BuD;rdkYvm;}
]ESpfrsufESmwnf;yg}
]bmjzpfvYkd onfvakd jymwm xifovJ}
]tjypfvnf; rajymwwf? taumif;vnf; rcs;D rGr;f csijf zpf
vdyYk J jzpfrmS yg}
]acgif;Nird çhf acgif;cg rvkycf siv f v
Ykd m;}
][kwfw,f}
]tJ'g cufwmyJ}

ÓPuxm 673
87/ rEÅav;NrKd U pukwu kd üf OD;om*&wdt

Yk m; ½SiÓ
f Pajymaom
tzGUJ ay:tzGUJ xyf pum;
]jrefrmEdik if H oHCtajccHzUJG pnf;yHk Oya'ESihf pyfNy;D bke;f Bu;D &JU

tjrifukd wynfah wmfwu Ykd kd enf;enf; ½Si;f ajymay;yg}
]wynfah wmftjrifrmS oHCm[m tzGUJ tpnf; jzpfNy;D om;yJ
r[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]xyfNy;D zGUJ vsif tzGUJ tpnf;tay: tzGUJ tpnf;xyfovdk jzpf
rSmaygh}
]onfvq kd vkd sif oHCm[m tckvykd J jyefu Y sBJ u;D jzpfae&r
vm;}
]oHCmrSm pepfu jyefu Y srJ aeygbl;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]oHCmrSm odrpf epf? oH*g,empepfawG &SNd y;D om;yJ}
]vkyfprf;ygOD;}
]wdu k ef ,fwpfc[ k m oHCmtpkwpfck t"dygÜ ,f&w dS myJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]onfwu kd ef ,fwpfct k wGi;f rSm &Sw
d hJ oHCmawGpEk ikd v f sif tJ
onfoC H m[m wpfpw kH pf&mudk qH;k jzwfEikd w f myJ}
]bmeJYqHk;jzwfrSmvJ}
]&SdNyD;om;pnf;urf;eJYaygh}

674 ÓPuxm
]pnf;urf;jyifcsifvsifaum}
]tJ'guawmh oH*g,emwif&rSmyJ}
]oH*g,emeJY pnf;urf;jyK? wdu k ef ,foCH meJY aqmif&u G pf &m
aqmif&u G ?f 'g[m bk&m;vufxufu xH;k pHjzpfw,faygh}
][kww f ,f ajym&rSmaygh? oH*g,emu jrwfpmG bk&m; t&m
aygh}
]tBuD;tuJuaum}
]tJ'g r&Sb d ;l }
]&[ef;wpfa,mufa,mufprD mS tmPmr&Sb d ;l aygh}
][kww f ,f? tmPmr&Sb d ;l }
]oH*g,emrSmaum onfvykd v J m;}
]onftwdik ;f aygh? tmPm&So d ql wkd m r&Sbd ;l }
]tJ'gawG[m aumif;wmvm;? acwfaemufuswmvm;}
]aumif;wmaygh}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]oHCm[m "r®aqmifawGyJ/ "r®eJY0de,eJY aexdkifolawGqdk
awmh tmPm[m rvdt k yfwthJ &myJ/ 'gaMumifh tmPm&So d l rvdk
bl;aygh}
]vltY zGUJ tpnf;awGrmS awmh onfvykd J tmPmydik t f zGUJ &S&d
w,faemf}
]tJ'gu tmPmvdw k ahJ cwf&UJ pepfryYkd gyJ}
]tmPmvdkwJhacwf&JUpepfqdkwm bmvJ}

ÓPuxm 675
]vlxkpepfr[kwfwJh tmPm&Sifpepfaygh? tJonfacwfu

pepfyJ}
]vlt
Y zGUJ awGrmS Ouú|tmPmawG bmawG xm;&wm[m
vnf; vlxpk epf rxGe;f um;ao;vdv Yk m;}
][kwfw,f}
]Ouú|r&Sb d J b,fvkd pnf;a0;rvJ? b,fvkd qH;k jzwfrvJ}
]oHCmrSm onfvykd J pnf;a0;aeus &Syd gw,f/ obmywdwYkd
Ouú|wdYk rcefyY gbl;/ tcrf;tem;rSL;vnf; rcefyY gbl;/ tqdw k pfck
jyKcsiof [
l m olu Y ,kd o
f l tqdjk yKot l jzpf oHCmu cGijhf yKzaYkd wmif;
wmygyJ/ oHCmuvnf; oabmwlwmçrwlwmudk qdwq f w d af e
jcif;? raejcif;eJY jyMuwmyJ}
]vlawGvnf; ,Ofaus;vmvsif onfvykd jJ zpfrvm;}
]jzpfrSmyJ}
]oHCmvnf; r,Ofaus;vdYk tmPmydik af wG cef&Y wmvm;}
]tJonfvkd jzpfaewmaygh}
]oHCmu b,fvkd r,Ofaus;wmvJ}
]oHCmtxJukd tmPmtoGi;f cH&wm[m r,Ofaus;wm&JU
tpyJ}
]tJ'g b,foo l iG ;f cJw
h mvJ}
]oD&"d r®maomu jzpfr,f xif&wmyJ}
]a&S;tpOftvm oHCmawGqrD mS pOfqufrjywf oHCmxJ
rSm tmPmydik f &Sad ecJw h ,faemf}

676 ÓPuxm
][kww f ,f? bk&ifawGu vkyx f m;cJwh m}

]bmjzpfvdkY vkyfwmvJ}
]oHCm[m olwv Ykd ufatmufcH jzpfzaYkd ygh}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]tzGUJ tpnf;wpfcck [ k m ol[ Y mol nDñw G af evsif wjcm;u
0ifvYkd r&bl;/ 0ifcsiv f sif tJonftzGUJ &JU nDñw G rf u
I kd zsu&f r,f/
zsufcsifvsif tJonftzGJU0ifawGudk tqifhcGJ&r,f/ tmPm[m
tqifch zJG tYkd wGuf taumif;qH;k t&myJ/ tJ'g[m oHCmrnDñw G f
zdb
Yk /J 'gqdv k sif oHCm[m olrsm;vufatmufa&mufzaYkd ygh}
]tck oHCmhtzGUJ tpnf; tqifq h ifzh UJG zdYk tajccHOya'[m
vnf; tJonfvdkjzpfzdkYyJvm;}
]aocsmwmaygh}
]b,fvdk od&wmovJ}
]tkycf sKyaf ewmu wpfygwD r[kwv f m;}
][kwfw,f}
]olwu Ykd tm;vH;k xuf tay:uyJ&zdS Ykd vky&f wmyJ}
][kwfw,f}
]oHCmYtay:u ae&zdkYvnf; vkyf&rSmyJ r[kwfvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]olwu Ykd olwYkd rcsKyu f ikd Ef ikd w
f hJ tzGUJ tpnf;qdw k m xm;vdYk
rjzpfbl; r[kwfvm;}
][kwfw,f}

ÓPuxm 677
]onfawmh oHCmudx k ed ;f csKyw

f t
hJ cg olwYkd tmPmay;xm;
ol&SdrS jzpfrSmqdkawmh tJ'gvkyfwmyJ}
]'gqdv k sif oHCtzGUJ tpnf; zGUJ wm[m oHCmoef&Y iS ;f wnf
wHjY yefyY mG ;zdYk r[kwb f ;l qdw
k m odomwmaygh}
]taotcsmyJ}
]'gèjrifMuzdYk vdw k myJ}
]omoem 'umu,f&r,f xifoal wGeYJ tmPmvdck sio f l
awGu rsm;aeNyDxifw,f}
]tpOftvmuvnf; &SdNyD;om;jzpfawmh onftjrifopf
raygufMubl; jzpfaer,f xifw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]bkef;BuD;wifjywJh tajccHrlrSmvnf; onftwdkif;yJvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]tJ'g enf;enf;ajymygOD;}
]tzGUJ ay:tzGUJ xyfrzGUJ ygeJ}Y
][kwfNyD}
]&SNd y;D om;tzGUJ &JU odrpf epf? oH*g,empepfukd touf0if
atmifyJ vkyfyg}
][kwfNyD}
]"r®puf[m tmPmpuf&UJ txuft&mom jzpfygw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]"r®pufukd tmPmpufeu YJ w
l m[m t&mr[kwb f ;l }

678 ÓPuxm
][kwfw,f}
]yHpk tH m;jzifh tvif;udt k arSmifeuYJ vl Ykd r&ovdyk v
J yYkd }J
][kww f maygY? tvif;udk ydv k if;atmif tarSmifet YJ m;jznfv h Ykd
b,f&EdkifygYrvJ}
][kwfw,f}
]odrpf epf? oH*g,empepfeYJ r&Edik af wmhvYkd tmPm0if&wm
rsm;vm; pOf;pm;rdovm;}
]pOf;pm;ygw,f}
]tJ'g b,fvv kd }J
]r&vsif tmPmroGi;f &bl;yJ jzpf&r,f}
]tmPmr0ifvsif ysurf mS pd;k vdYk qdv k siaf um}
]rpdk;&bl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]ysufoGm;vdkYr&Sdvnf; at;vdkYyJ}
]jzpfrvm;}
]"r®puf rvnfEikd v f Ykd r&wmyJ? "r®puf rvnfawmhvsif
onfomoemuvnf; b,frSmoGm;NyD; toHk;csrSmvJ}
][kwfwmyJ}
]"r®pufrvnfbJ tmPmeJY wnf&Sdaeatmifvkyfxm;vdkY
wnfaevnf; onfomoem[m bmtoHk;usrSmvJ}
][kwfw,f}
]yHpk t
H m;jzifh taoaumifukd zkwo f iG ;f xm;ovdyk J jzpfrmS aygY}

ÓPuxm 679
][kwfw,f}
]zkwaf umifukd ud, k thf aztaryJvYkd rSwx f ifEikd yf gYrvm;}
]b,frSwfEdkifrvJ}
]taz aoNyD;NyD? tazYtavmif; zkwf0ifaevsif aumif;
aum aumif;rSmvm;}
]b,faumif;rvJ? zkwaf umifu 'kuy© aJ y;rSmyJ}
]tJ'g taotcsmyJ}
]tckètzGUJ tay:tzGUJ xyfzzYJG Ykd tajccHpnf;rsO;f vkyaf eMu
wm[m oHCmudk tmPm&Sçd tmPmrJh oyfvQKd Ny;D tqifu h aJG tmif
cGrJ vdyYk /J 'grS r[kwb f ;l qdak wmifrS omoemudk tmPmoGi;f wm[m
omoemu olzY momol r&yfEikd af wmhvq Ykd v
kd sif taoaumifzw k f
oGi;f wmyJ/ onfEpS cf suv f ;kH aumif;ygYrvm;}
]b,faumif;rvJ}
]tJ'godzYkd vdv
k w S ,f}

680 ÓPuxm
88/ rEÅav;NrdKU? anmifyifaps;&yf? trSwf(4)ausmif;ü

OD;cspw
f iftm; ½SiÓf Pajymaom Ak'0¨ g'ocFytñTe;f usr;f
pum;
]urÇmo Y moemoef½Y iS ;f wnfwjhH yefyY mG ;a&;tzGUJ &JU yXrtBurd f

orkwd oHCmhtpnf;ta0;rSm qufuyfwJh pmtkyfuav;awG t
aMumif; ajymygOD;bk&m;}
]bmodcsifwmvJ}
]tJonfpdwful;u b,fvdk&vmwmvJ}
]orkwo d C
H mtpnf;ta0;tNy;D rSm qGr;f avmif;yGBJ u;D vkyf
r,fvYkd owif;pmrSm awGUw,f}
][kww f ,f? owif;pmrSm ygw,f}
]tJonftcsed u f rif;uGe;f rSm a&jywfomG ;wmeJY awmifajc
qif;Ny;D uav;awGukd a&wGi;f wl;cdik ;f aewm/ naerSm qif;Munfh
&if; tJonftaMumif;odNy;D OD;*kP k udk pm½du k zf pYkd pD OfNy;D vTwv f ukd f
wm}
]tcsdefu wpfaeYyJ &awmhvdkYvm;}
][kww f ,fè'gaMumifh tJonfaeYr½S u kd Nf y;D vdYk csujf cif; cifAsm;
orD;awG 0dik ;f Ny;D pmtkycf sKyMf u&wm}
]tJonfaeY n&xm;eJY &efuek yf NYkd y;D qGr;f oGm;avmif;wmyJ}
][kwfw,f}

ÓPuxm 681
]tJ'g bke;f Bu;D (orkw)d oHCm axmifEpS &f mausmv f ufxJ

a&muf&UJ vm; bk&m;}
]ra&mufbl;}
]b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ bk&m;}
]&efukefudk reufrSm &xm;qdkufNyD; urÇmat;oGm;w,f/
urÇmat;u pmtkyu f kd ud, k w f ikd af vmif;cGihf ray;bl;}
]b,fay;cJh&ovJ}
]olw&Ykd UJ A[drk @yfukd ay;cJ&h w,f/ tJonfu pdppfNy;D rjzefY
a0cJbh ;l / aemufro S &d wmu wdy#d uq&mawmfu Ak'y¨ #du|k -vdYk
pmtkyx f yk af y:rSm rSwcf suaf &;w,f od&w,f/
]tJ'gu bmt"dygÜ ,fv}J
]bk&m;pGyfpGJolwJh-Asm}
]pmu bmrdv Yk }J
]olwq Ykd D qufuyfwek ;f u pm&JUrlMurf;yJ}
]bmemrnfvJ}
]Ak'¨0g'ocFytñTef;usrf;}-vdkYyJ}
]pmtkyu f tzH;k ygrS ½Sprf suEf mS xJ xifw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]tJ'g bm&nf½, G Nf y;D uyfwmvJ}
]jrefrmhoC H m&JUw&m; wyg;a&mufaeolawGukd b0tjrif
rSm;eJY avmutjrifrmS ; ESpyf g;udk Mum;zl;w,frjS zpfjzpf odomG ;ap
csivf yYkd gyJ}

682 ÓPuxm
]onftodudk tawmftav;xm;yHk&w,f}
]OD;Zif;touf½odS rQ onfwm0eftwGuyf J ay;zdt Yk xdy}J
]onfavmuf av;eufovm;}
]vlom;&JUtrSew
f &m;udk onfEpS yf g;u ydwq
f x
Ykd m;w,fvYkd
txd odaewmyJ}

ÓPuxm 683
89/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd ? a½Tjrifwifawmifü wumwpfO;D tm;

½SiÓf Pajymaom "r®yZl mbk&m;½Scd ;kd pum;
]bke;f Bu;D u b,fv&kd nf½, G cf suef YJ "r®yZl mbk&m;½Scd ;kd usr;f
qdw
k hJ bk&m;½Scd ;dk udk a&;wmvJ}
]omoemawmfrSm w&m;"r®&JUt& aumufcsufawG[m
trsm;tjym;yJ rSm;,Gi;f aew,fvYkd jrifaerdw,f/ tJ'gawGukd ajym
jycsifw,f}
][kwfwmaygh}
]ajymjyvdu k vf siv f nf; tjypfwifovdrk sKd ;yJ jzpfaew,f}
]tjypfuvnf; jrifaerSmr[kwv f m;}
][kwfw,f}
]tjypfukd tjypfjzpfaMumif; ajym&wmqdak wmh tjypfwif
oHuvnf; xGuf&awmhrSmaygh}
]onftoHuvnf; vlBudKufenf;wJhtoHyJ}
][kwfw,f}
]vlBuKd uef nf;awmhvnf; tjypfwifjyayrJY tjypfrjrifMu
bl;? tjypfwifjyoluykd J tjypfjrifxm;Muw,f}
][kwfwmyJ}
]'gayrJY tjypf½w dS mudk tjypfwifwmuvnf;vkyrf S jzpfr,f}
][kwfw,f}
]tjypfwifou l kd tjypfjyefjrifwm rjzpfbv Ykd nf; vdwk ,f}
][kwfwmyJ}

684 ÓPuxm
]'gaMumifèh tjypfwifvsuef YJ tjypfwifov H nf; rxGuf

atmif vky&f r,fvYkd pOf;pm;w,f}
][kwfwmaygh}
]tJ'gtwGuf tjypfawGukd ud, k jf yKrw
d m tjypfajym&r,f/
ajymwJt h cgrSmvnf; usKd ;EGrH tI jynfeh YJ ajymoHjzpfzYkd bk&m;udk avQmuf
xm;aewm jzpf&r,fqNkd y;D bk&m;½Scd ;kd pm a&;vdu k w
f myJ}
]onfb&k m;½Scd ;kd pmu b,fou Yl kd zwfapcsiw f mvJ}
]bk&m;pm zwfwwfoal wGukd zwfapcsiw f mygyJ/ tJonfxJ
rSm tcsKyu f awmh ArmjynfoC H mtzGUJ tpnf;&JUtcsKyjf zpfwhJ oHCmY
r[mem,utzGJUudk zwfapcsifwmygyJ}
]tJonfudk qufuyf&JUvm;}
]uyfNyDaygY}
]vufcH&JUvm;}
]vufcHygw,f}
]bmjyefNy;D wkjYH yefovJ}
]bmrS w&m;0if rwkjYH yefygbl;}
]b,fESpfyk'favmufygovJ}
]q,fhig;yk'favmufygyJ}
]b,fvdk[mawGvJ}
]Ak'&¨ UJ &nf½,
G cf suuf pNy;D rSm;,Gi;f pGm jrifrw d mtwGuf bk
&m;udk jypfrmS ;rdygw,faygh/ tJonfrmS ;rdwmudk tckvo kd v
d mwJt
h
cgrSm 0efcsawmif;yefygw,faygh/ tJ'gwpfcef;yJ? wpfy'k af ygh}

ÓPuxm 685
]aemufèbmawGvJ}
]opömav;yg;rSm 'kuo © pömwpfy'k ?f pkaygif;av;yk'af ygh}
]tJ'gawGu b,fvdkaumufwmvJ}
]trsm;oligawG bmoma&;rSm oH;k aeMuwJh tuGuaf wGukd
onftuGuaf wG onfvkd rSm;aew,fqw kd m jrif&wmawGukd bk&m;
½Sdcdk;vdkufwmyJ}
]tJonfpm atmifjrif&UJ vm;}
]tJ'g b,fvkd ajym&rvJrodb;l }
]bmaMumifhvJ}
]jynfolMum;jzefY&wm r[kwfvdkYyJ}
]olrsm;awGu bmajymMuovJ}
]tHhMop&mygyJ}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]OD;yg&*lqDvnf; pmtkyfuav; ydkYay;vdkufw,f}
]bmwkHYjyefvJ}
]bmrS rwkjYH yefb;l / MumrS Mum;&wmav;awmh ½S&d UJ }
]b,fvdkvJ}
]OD;Zif;oDwif;oH;k azmfukd ajymvdu k w
f mygyJ}
]ajymyHku}
]ydkYvdkU&w,f? bk&m;½Sdcdk;yJqdkNyD; rzwfbJ pmtkyfyHkxJ xnfh
xm;vdkufw,f}
][if}

686 ÓPuxm
]aemufrS tm;aewmeJY trSw&f Ny;D pmtkyyf x kH u

J ½SmNy;D jrnf;
Munfw
h m vufurcsEikd b
f J wpfxikd w f nf; Ny;D oGm;atmif zwfjzpf
w,f/ olu onfvrkd xifrb d ;l vdyYk }J

ÓPuxm 687
tcef;(8)
w&m;pGq
J cdk &H pOfu ajymaompum;rsm;

688 ÓPuxm

ÓPuxm 689
tcef;(8)
w&m;pGJqkdcH&pOfu ajymaompum;rsm;
90/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd ? a½Tjrifwifawmifü e,fraS &mufvm

aom wumwpfO;D tm; ½SiÓ f Pajymaom ed,wrdpmä 'd|pd um;
]bke;f Bu;D wdu

Yk ]omoemawmfa&; avQmufxm;awmif;qdk
vTm}qdNk y;D ax&0g'oHCmudk w&m;pGpJ mwrf;wpfck urÇmat; oHCmh
r[mem,uxH qufuyfw,fqkd [kwv f m;}
][kwfw,f}
]tJ'gèb,favmufMumNyDvJ}
](20.4.81)avmufuyJ}
]pmawGtrsm;BuD;vm;}
]pmrsufESmav;q,f ywf0ef;usifavmufyJ}
]bmawG avQmufxm;awmif;qdkwmvJ}
]onfaeY oHCmqDrmS ½Swd hJ a½SUaemufb0jzpfçrjzpf t,lawG
eJY igr½Sçd olr½Sd t,lawG rvkyMf ubdeYk YJ onft,lawG t"r®awGjzpf
aMumif; qH;k jzwfay;zdyYk }J
]'gawG t"r®jzpfaMumif; a&;xm;ovm;}
]a&;wmaygh}
]b,fvakd wG a&;wmvJ? jzpf-,lwm oówrdpmä 'd|d jzpf
w,faygY? [kwv f m;}

690 ÓPuxm
][kwfw,f}
]rjzpf,w l m Oapä'rdpmä 'd|d jzpfw,faygY? [kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]igçol r½S, d w
l mawGuawmh ed,wrdpmä 'd|d jzpfw,faygh}
]tJ'gu b,fvjkd zpfwmvJ}
]ed,wrdpmä 'd|-d qdw k m uHeYJ uH&UJ taMumif;eJt Y usKd ;udk jiif;
qdkwmawGyJ}
]tJonfvdk[kwf&JUvm; bk&m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]ew¬u d 0g'-qdwk m wefc;kd ½Siaf wGr½Sbd ;l ,lwmawGajymwm
vdYk ajymxm;w,f r[kwv f m;}
]tJ'g enf;enf;ydo k mG ;wmyg}
]tJ'g ygVdawmfaemf}
][kwfygw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]tJonf £'äd wGçwefc;kd awGqw kd muvnf; uH&UJ tusKd ;awG
yJ? tJ'gudk aemifoal wGu rodawmh tJ'gawGjiif;ava,mif jzpf
oGm;wmyg}
]'gyJvm;}
]onf0g'oH;k ck[m bk&m;&JU y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fukd jiif;qdwk hJ 0g'
oH;k ckvYkd NcKH ieHk mrnfay;zdYk vdw k ,f}
][kwfrSmyg}

ÓPuxm 691
]y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f[m bk&m;&JUavmutjrify}J

]b,fvdkvJ}
]bk&m;u vlawG[m onfenf;onfyjkH zpfysuNf y;D 'kua© wG
&aeMuw,fvYkd jrifjywmaygh}
]bk&m;&JU 'kut © jrifaygh}
]'ku©[m avmuyJ}
][kwfw,f}
]'gaMumifh tJ'g[m bk&m;&JUavmutjrify}J
][kwfNyD}
]avmu onfvjkd zpfaeNy-D jrifvYkd tJonfavmuu vGw&f m
udk bk&m;u jycJw h m? tJ'g edAmÁ efy}J
][kwfNyD}
]tJonfedAÁmefa&mufzdkYqdkvsif ]tJonfavmutjrif}-udk
jrif&r,f}
][kwfwmaygh}
]'gèrjrifvsif edAmÁ efra&mufEikd b f ;l }
][kwfw,f}
]edAmÁ efra&mufwm[m rvGwaf jrmufwm? rNird ;f csr;f wmyJ}
][kwfwmaygh}
]rvGwaf jrmuf? rNird ;f csr;f bdt
Yk wGuf tjrifqv
kd sif rSm;,Gi;f
wJt
h jrif ajym&rSmaygh}
][kwfygw,f}

692 ÓPuxm
]tJonftjrifucdik af evdYk 'gudk ]ed,wrdpmä 'd|}d -ac:wmyJ}

][kwfNyD}
]'kuu © 'grSr[kwf avmuu? tcsut f vufo;kH ckeYJ vnf
ywfNy;D ouf0if½iS o f ef aew,f}
][kwfw,f}
]'gudkrjrifawmhbl;? vufrcHwwfawmhbl;-qdkvsif b,fvdk
vkyNf y;D 'kuj© rifwm jzpfygawmhrvJ}
][kwfwmaygh}
]'gèrjrifvsif edAmÁ efvnf; b,fvkd a&mufygawmhrvJaygh}
][kwfygw,f}
]edAmÁ efra&mufvsif tNrvJ wJG t
hJ jrif ed,wrdpmä 'd|d jzpfwm
aygh}
][kwfwmyJ}
]onfawmh ]uH? uHtaMumif;eJY uHtusKd ;}-onfo;kH rsKd ; vuf
rcHwwfwm[m ed,wrdpmä 'd|d jzpfwmaygh}
][kwfygw,f}
]vlvufrcHvsif uHçpwmawGvnf; vufrcHwwfwmjzpfNyD
r[kwfvm;}
][kwyf gw,f? vlr½Srd aS wmh uH b,fvt kd ½Sd vkyaf wmhrvJ
aygh}
]tJonfavmuf xif½Sm;w,f}
]'guvnf; rodMubl;aemf}

ÓPuxm 693
][kww f ,fèed,wrdpmä 'd|d t&aumufukd pepferYJ odMubl;}

]'kuo © pöm[m y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fyJ r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f[m 0#fo;kH yg;vnfwm r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]0#fo;kH yg;[m ]udavom? uH? 0dyguf}? 'gyJr[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]udavomr½Sv d sif uHeYJ 0dyguf r½Sb d ;l }
][kwfygw,f}
]uHr½Sv d sif udavomeJY 0dygufr½S?d 0dygufr½Sv d sif udavom
eJu
Y H r½Sb
d ;l }
][kwfygw,f}
]vlr½Sv d sif ok;H ckv;kH r½Sb
d ;l }
][kwfygw,f}
]udavomjiif;wm ta[wku0g'? uHjiif;wm tBu, d 0g'?
0dygufjiif;wm ew¬u d 0g'? onfè0g'oH;k ck[m ed,wrdpmä 'd|yd }J
][kwfygw,f}
]onfèed,wrdpmä 'd|[ d m 'kut © ay:rSm rodwmyJ r[kwf
vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gawGaMumifh ]vlr½S, d wl m ed,wrdpmä 'd|yd J}
]em;vnfygNy/D onfpmwrf;udk b,foo l mG ;uyfovJ}

694 ÓPuxm
]OD;*kPaygh}
]b,folUqDuyfcJhovJ}
]urÇmat; ZrÁL'DyrSm 'kw, d Ouú| OD;a&0w (ykord q f &m
awmf? awmiforefwdkuf? rEÅav;)qD uyf&w,f}
]bmrSrajymbJ vufcHvdkufovm;}
]r[kwfbl;}
]bmajymvJ}
]rif;wdjYk yef,o l mG ;? 'kua© &mufvrd rhf ,f/ rif;wdu Yk kd wdy#d u-
u Munfwmr[kwb f ;l / rif;wdyYk w Ykd YJ qGr;f avmif;rSm pmtkyx f yk af wG
ay: ]Ak'y¨ #du|k }-vdYk wdy#d u-u rSwcf suaf &;w,f/ ola&;w,fqkd
wm ppfrS 0efcw H ,f/ rif;q&m wdik yf ifO;D vd}Yk
]jyefvmcJha&mvm;}
]r[kwfbl;èuyfcJhwmyJ}
]bmajymao;vJ}
]0efBu;D (OD;pdev f iG )f qD igwdu Yk ydaYk y;&rSmvdaYk jymw,f}
]bmvkyfovJ}
]OD;*kPu olq Y aD y;zdYk rdwLå awGygygw,f/ onfvq kd kd onfrmS
yJ ay;cJyh gYr,fqNkd y;D ay;cJw h ,f}
]rdwLå awG ydw Yk ,fvm;}
]vdt k yfoavmuftxd tvHt k avmufyJ ydyYk gw,f/ or®w?
0efBu;D csKy?f ygwDOuú|? okawoeXme tppygyJ}
]tJ'geJY ta&;,la&mvm;}

ÓPuxm 695
]tJ'g ta&;r,lb;l }
]NyD;a&mvm;}
]rNyD;bl;}
]bmjzpfvJ}
]atmufwb kd mavmufrmS ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f omoema&;rSL;u
pwkwy¬ g&mZdueJY w&m;pGvJ Ykd &JawGuvmac:wm cH&w,f}
]'gtwGufyJvm;}
][kwfw,f}

696 ÓPuxm
91/ ausmufqnfNrdKUe,f? yef;cGm½Gm? awm0dkif; awmausmif;ü

awm0dkif;q&mawmftm; ½SifÓPajymaom qkBuD;yefpum;
]wynfah wmfu rif;uGe;f a½Tjrifwifawmifbek ;f Bu;D OD;ÓP

qdkwmyg}
]aMomfèaumif;ygNyD}
]onfrmS bke;f Bu;D wdo Yk wif;uav;awG trsKd ;rsKd ;Mum;ae&vdYk
tcktcgrSm omoema&;owif;awGu aumV[vawGvnf; rsm;
wmaMumifh ud, k wf ikd f avhvmEdik w
f muav;awG avhvmcsiw f m
aMumifh vmcJwh myg}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfn onfrmS tdycf iG jhf yKaemf}
]&ygw,fètdyfMuyg}
]t½Sib f &k m;udk tenf;tyg; odcsiw f muav;awG ar;csif
ygw,f}
]ar;yg}
]t½Sibf &k m;udk zrf;w,fvv kd kd Mum;&ygw,f? tJ'g [kwyf g
ovm;}
][kwfw,f}
]b,favmufMumvJ}
]wpfvausmfavmufyJ}
]bmjyKvdkYvJ}

ÓPuxm 697
]w&m;a[mwmaMumifh vdv k ykd }J

]tcsKyfxJrSm xm;ovm;}
]r[kwfbl;}
]b,fxm;vJ}
]&JrLS ;½H;k xJrmS vdv
k ykd }J
]tjyifbuf xm;wmaygh}
][kwfw,f}
]aemufuvlawGeJY awGUcGifh&vm;}
]enf;enf;awm &h w,f}
]olwdkYu rvm0HhMuvdkYvm;}
]tJ'gvnf; ygwmaygh}
]taetpm; enf;enf;awmh qif;&JrmS ayghaemf}
]txl;awmh rqif;&Jygbl;/ pdwaf wmh qif;&J&wmaygh}
]aemufç b,fvdkvGwfvmcJhovJ}
]NrKd Ue,f oHCem,uqDrmS w&m;ra[mawmhygbl;vdYk vuf
rSwfxdk;cJh&w,f}
]bmjzpfvdkY xdk;wmvJ}
]ud, k zhf rf;xm;w,fqakd wmh vufrw S x
f ;kd vsif vGwrf mS qdk
awmh xd;k cJw h maygY}
]vGwaf yrJY w&m;awmh ra[m&awmhb;l aygY}
][kwfw,f}
]'gèaumif;ygYrvm;}

698 ÓPuxm
]ra[m&vnf; Nird ;f wmaygY}

]ud,
k Nf ird ;f csiv
f sif tvsiu f wnf;u ra[mbJaeEdik w f myJ}
][kwaf wmh [kww f maygh}
]tckvkd olrsm;utNird ;f cdik ;f vdYk Nird ;f &wm aumif;ygYrvm;}
]aumif;ygw,f}
]aumif;w,fqdkawmhvnf; NyD;wmyJ}
][kwfw,f}
]onftaMumif;udk Mum;&wmeJY wu,fjzpfwmodcsifvdkY
vmMuwmygyJ}
]tjzpfuawmh onftwdik ;f ygyJ}
]wjcm;odcsifwmuav;awG enf;enf;ajymyg&ap}
]ajymyg}
]BuHKvdkYajymwmrSwfay;yg}
]&ygw,f}
]t½Sib f &k m;w&m; emMum;MuolawG tawmf pnfpnfa0
a0½Sw
d ,f od&w,f/ tJ'g [kwo f vm;}
][kwfw,f}
]t½Sib f &k m;uvnf; w&m;a[mwJt h cg apmif;csw
d f qJqkd
ovdak wG ygw,f Mum;rdw,f/ tajzawGawmh ygwmaygh/ 'gayrJh
udk,fu onfvdkvkyfawmhvnf; cH&olawGu rauseyfjzpfMuzdkY
½Sdw,f}
]rwwfEdkifbl;yJ}

ÓPuxm 699
]vGefcJhwJh ESpf0ufavmufu wynfhawmf&JU oDwif;oHk;azmf

awG onfa&mufMuao;w,f/ tJ'g rSwrf rd vm;yJ}
]enf;enf; rSwrf yd gw,f}
]tJonfurS od&w,f/ t½Sib f &k m;[m qkBu;D yefw,f qdk
wmyJ/ tJ'g [kwo f vm;}
]tif;aygY}
]qkBu;D yefo[ l m w&m;rodEikd b f ;l aemf}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]w&m;odw,fqw kd m t&d,mjzpfrS r[kwv f m;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]t&d,mjzpfrS or®m'd|Ó d Pf&rSm r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]rjzpfao;vsif rdpmä 'd|Ó d PfyJ ½Sad o;w,faygh/ 'gqdv k sif
w&m;rodao;bl;aygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]ud,
k wf ikd w
f &m;rodao;bJeYJ olrsm;awGukd w&m;a[mae
wm[m awmfraS wmfyghrvm; rpOf;pm;rdb;l vm;}
]bk&m;a[mwJw h &m;awG a[maewmyJ/ tJ'gawGeYJ nDwhJ
twGuf awmfygw,f}
]bk&m;a[mwJw h &m;udk t"dygÜ ,faygufzu Ykd vnf; ud,
k uf
w&m;odxm;rS jzpfvrd rhf ,f/ ]aoau©m"r®y'H oka'odwH ukoavm
ykyræ 0d yapówd}vdkY a[mxm;wm½Sdw,f}

700 ÓPuxm
]"r®pMumeJY nDygw,f}
]"r®pMumu b,fozl iG w hf hJ "r®pMumeJn Y wD mvJ}
]b,fozl iG w hf mrS rzwfz;l ygbl;}
]onfvq kd vkd sif ½SiAf 'k a¨ CmozGiw hf myJ jzpf&rSmyJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]i,fi,fu yckuLú rSm pmoifz;l w,fr[kwv f m;}
][kwfw,f}
]tJonfu tJonf t|uxmeJn Y aD tmif teufazmfay;
wmyJ}
]olwdkYzGifhwmrSefw,f r[kwfvm;}
]rajymEdkifbl;}
]b,fvdkvkyfrvJ}
]udk,fuolrsm;udk w&m;awG a½SUaqmifjycsifw,fqdkvsif
tJonfw&m;[m aocsmzdaYk wmh vdt k yfw,f}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]udk,facsmfvdkYrSm;Muvsif udk,fhaemufu woDwwef;BuD;
rSm;Mur,f r[kwfvm;}
]rrSm;ygbl;}
]ajymwmyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]tckèolrsm;awGu ud, k uhf kd r,Hck siaf eMuNyD r[kwv
f m;}
]rwwfEdkifbl;}

ÓPuxm 701
]olwYkd r,Hw
k mudk ud, k u
f vufawGUvkyjf y&rSmaygY}
]b,fvdkvkyfjy&rSmvJ}
]udavom Nird ;f jy&rSmaygh/ vufawGU 'gvkyjf yEdik w
f ,fqkd
vsif olwb Ykd ,fajymEdik af wmh rvJ? tckawmh qkBu;D yefxm;w,f
qdak wmh cufwmaygY}

702 ÓPuxm
92/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd ? a½Tjrifwifawmifü rif;uGe;f ½GmrS

cifaqG0if;qdkaom uav;ruav;tm;
½SifÓPajymaompum;
]uav;wdkY vmMuw,f}
]tif;}
]raeYu ppfudkif;tac:cH&w,fqdk}
]tif;}
]ightwGuef YJ ac:wmqd}k
]tif;}
]pdwfraumif;vdkufwm}
]rjzpfygeJ}Y
]b,folvmac:wmvJ}
]&Jpcef;u}
]b,folY tazmfac:oGm;vJ}
]arT;arT;}
]oluvdkufovm;}
]tif;}
]b,fa&mufcJhvJ}
]NrdKUe,faumifpD½Hk;}
]cifatmifudkawGUvm;}
]awGUw,f? olwaYkd c:wm? tvum;}

ÓPuxm 703
]bmvkyfwmvJ}
]bkef;BuD;eJYbmjzpfovJqdkwm trsdK;rsdK;ar;wmyJ}
]acsmhar;wmvm;}
]tpawmh acsmw h myJ}
]aemufawmhajcmufovm;}
]tif;}
]ajcmufawmh raMumufbl;vm;}
]aMumufawmh enf;enf;aMumufwmaygY/ 'gayrJY pdww f v
kd m
w,f}
]bmjzpfovJ}
]½dkufr,fvdkY vkyfw,f}
]rcHb;l vdYk jyef&efawGUw,f}
]olwu Ykd bmjzpfapcsiw f ,fvYkd od&ovJ}
]bke;f Bu;D eJjY zpfaew,fvYkd ajymapcsiaf ew,f}
]tJonft"dygÜ ,fa&mufwhJ pum;awG ajymovm;}
]tif;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]olwdkY bkef;BuD;udkzsufcsifaeMuw,f}
][if}
]r[kwyf gbl;? bmrSrjzpfygbl;-ajymwmudk rauseyfMubl;}
]uav;u bmawGajymvJ}
]i,fi,fupNy;D taMumif;awGajymwmaygY}

704 ÓPuxm
]b,fvdkvJ}
]awmifay:jruf&w d of mG ;&if; bke;f Bu;D a0,sm0pöawG tar
uvkyfay;wmawG? tareJYtwl vkyfay;&wmawGaygY}
]tif;}
]tJonft&G,[ f m q,fEpS af tmufrmS ½Sad o;wmawG bke;f
Bu;D uvnf; cifrifwmawG? pm;p&mauR;wmawGeYJ atmufurkeYf
awG 0,fvLS &wmawGvnf;ygw,f}
]tif;}
]q,fEh pS Ef pS af vmufrmS pmoifay;r,fajymNy;D bke;f Bu;D ?vGwf
vGwv f yfvyf pmoifzYkd wpf0g oDv½Sit f vkycf ikd ;f Ny;D oDv½Siaf usmif;
tyfay;wmawG ajymw,f}
]tif;}
]wpf0g&awmh vlxGufNyD; tdrfrSmvkyfudkifpm;aewmawG
awmifay:vnf; aeYpOfeD;yg; xif;acG? jruf&dwfwufaewmawG?
a0,sm0pövyk pf &m½Sd wm vkyaf y;aewmawG ajymw,f}
]tif;}
]eifb
h ek ;f Bu;D u eifu h rkd cspb
f ;l vm; ar;w,f}
]b,fvdkajzvJ}
]cspwf maygYvYkd ajzw,f}
]onfawmh-}
]eifuvnf;rcspfbl;vm; ar;w,f}
]bmajzvJ}

ÓPuxm 705
]cspfwmaygY-vdkYaygY}
]onfawmh bmajymvJ}
]eifwcYkd spv
f sif rSm;MurSmaygYvYkd ar;w,f}
]b,fvdkajzvJ}
]bmqdik o f vJv/Ykd uRerf wdYk onfvrkd [kwb f ;l / uRerf wdcYk spf
wmu rdom;pkvkd cspw f mvdYk ajzw,f}
]tif;}
]rdom;pkvu kd b,fvv kd v
J Ykd ar;w,f}
]tif;}
]bkef;BuD;udk uRefru bmvkyfay;p&mvdkovJ? bmvkyfay;
Edik rf vJ-qdwk meJY bke;f Bu;D u uRerf udk bmapmifaY ½Smuf&rvJ? bm
apmifYa½Smufp&mvdkovJ-qdkwmrsdK;yJvdkY ajzw,f}
]tif;}
]olwu Ykd r½d;k rom;jzpfygw,fvYkd ajymapcsiw f mqD wGe;f ydYk
aeMuw,f}
]jzpf&yavw,f}
]tif;}
]pdwrf aumif;ygbl; cav;&,f}
]'gawG rjzpfygeJ}Y
]aus;Zl;yJ uav;&,f? igeJo Y &d wJt
h wGuf cav; onfvkd
'ku© uav;&wmyJ}
]bmrSrjzpfygbl;}

706 ÓPuxm
]rjzpfb;l awmh r[kwb f ;l aygY}

]olwu Ykd bke;f Bu;D udk wtm;zsucf siaf eMuwm bmaMumifh
vJ}
]igwdkY tvkyfuav;awGaMumifhyJ}
]bkef;BuD;wdkYu bmvkyfvdkYvJ}
]w&m;rSm;aewmudk wdu Yk w&m;pGxJ m;w,f}
]rvkyyf geJY bke;f Bu;D &,f}
]bmjzpfvdkYwkef;}
]onft h jyifvu l kd onfvakd c:ar;vsif vdck siwf meJY [kwf
w,fajymvduk v f sif bke;f Bu;D cufaer,f}
]tif;}
][kwfw,fajymvdkufvsif wynfhawmfbkef;BuD;udk&rSm}
]rvdck sivf Ykd rajymvdu k w f mvm;}
][kwfaygif}
]bmjzpfvYkd rajymvdu k of vJ}
]oem;vdkY}
][kwfrSmr[kwfygbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]cspfvdkYaerSmyg}
]'gaygh? 'gètwly[ J m}
]awmfao;wmaygY csp&f wmaumif;vdu k w
f m aus;Zl;yJ}
]aus;Zl;rajym&bl;}

ÓPuxm 707
93/ ausmufqnfNrKd U? ausmufoabFm&dyo

f m qGr;f pm;ausmif;ü
0drkwådÓP'óetzGJUOuú|tm; ½SifÓPajymaom
tBuHay;pum;
]wynfah wmf rif;uGe;f a½Tjrifwifawmifu ½SiÓ f Pyg/ onf

udk tvsiu f vnf; ESpcf gavmuf vmzl;ygw,f}
]qGr;f 0ifbOk ;f ay;yg/ wynfah wmfwYkd tckèpm;pyJ ½Syd gao;
w,f}
]atmufu pm;cJhNyD;ygNyDbk&m;}
]'gqdkètcsdKyGJbkOf;ay;yg}
]aumif;ygNyD}
]apmifah eovm;? bkO;f ay;yg/ wynfah wmfwv Ykd nf; pm;rSmyg}
]twlrS pm;wmaygYb&k m;}
][kwfNyD}
]ausmif;om;awGa&m pm;NyD;MuNyDvm;/ rpm;&ao;vsif
auR;r,faemf}
]NyD;MuygNyDbk&m;}
]bmudpövmcJhovJ}
]&efuek f urÇmat; 0depd , ä tjyKc&H Ny;D jyefa&mufMuavmuf
Nyq
D Nkd y;D tawGUBuKH emzdYk vmcJw h mygyJ}
]owif;pmxJ ygwJt h wdik ;f ygyJ}

708 ÓPuxm
]vkyfygOD;}
]0depd ,
ä qH;k jzwfcsut f wdik ;f rvdu k ef mvsif w&m;pGcJ &H r,f?
rcH&atmif vdu k ef maMumif; vufrw S xf ;kd &r,fygyJ}
]vufrSwfrxdk;vsif r&bl;vm;}
]axmifcsrSmyJ}
]axmifcsr&atmif vky&f rSmaygh}
]r&ygbl;}
]&atmif tBuaH y;vsif ,lrvm;}
]tJ'gawmif trftikd Mf um;a&mhr,f/ raumif;ygbl;}
]r[kwfao;ygbl;}
]wynfah wmf cPoGm;tdyOf ;D r,f? odcsiw f m tJonfwum
eJY aqG;aEG;ar;jref;yg}
][if}
][kwyf gw,fb&k m;? urÇmat;rSm wynfah wmfvnf; ygyg
w,f? tm;vH;k wynfah wmfvnf; odygw,f}
]wumeJY rjzpfygbl;}
]wynfhawmfu wm0ef½Sdolyg}
]aMomfèbmwm0ef½SdvJ}
]wynfah wmfu 0drw k Ódå P'óetzGUJ &JU tBu;D tuJyg}
][kwNf y?D 'gqdk ajymMuwmaygY}
]ajymygbk&m;}
]OD;Zif;pdwx f rJ mS w&m;wpfcu k kd onfvu kd av; zsuq f ;D wm

ÓPuxm 709
udk cHpm;&w,f/ onfvkd rjzpfoifb h ;l vdYk jzpfaew,f}

]'gaMumifh cifAsm;wdu Yk kd bmajym&rvJqNkd y;D vmcJw h myJ}
]ajymcsiwf m ajymygbk&m;}
]olwYkd qH;k jzwfwt hJ wGuf cifAsm;wdu Yk pGecYf siMf u&JUvm;}
]b,fuvm bk&m;}
]bmaMumifh pGecYf &hJ MuovJ}
]aMumufvdkYayghbk&m;}
]cifAsm;wdu Yk aoG;rSr½SMd uyJ}
]b,fol raMumufb½J rdS vJ bk&m;}
]c&pf,mefawG[m a&mrbk&ifu olYudk udk;uG,f&r,f? w
jcm;ud;k uG,v f sio
f wfr,f ajymwmawmifrS towfcNH y;D cd;k ud;k uG,f
Muw,f/ cifAsm;wdu Yk c&pf,mefawGavmuf aoG;r½SMd ubl;vm;}
]ajymvsifcH&rSmyJ}
]q&mawmfBuD;½Sdvsif onfvdkvkyfr,fxifovm;}
]onfvdkawmh rxifrdbl;}
]oluawmh aoG;½Sw d mud;k / cifAsm;wdu Yk vSy½Hak vmuf vkyf
aeMuyHyk gyJ/ romvsif cGmr,fqw kd mrsKd ;aygY}
]tjypfwifvsif cH&rSmyJ}
]tjypfwifzv Ykd mwm r[kwyf gbl;}
][kwfrSmyg}
]tBuHay;rvdkYyg}

710 ÓPuxm
]bmtBuHvJbk&m;}
]cifAsm;wdaYk wG ud,k w
hf &m;udk rpGecYf siMf uvsif tzrf;vnf;
rcH&? pGev Yf nf;rpGe&Yf wJh tBuaH ygY}
]jzpfyghrvm;}
]jzpfygw,f}
]bmvkyf&rSmvJ}
]0drwk Ódå P'óe tpnf;ta0; ac:yg}
]ac:vsif zrf;rSmyJ}
]rzrf;atmifac:&rSmaygY}
]b,fvdkac:&rSmvJ}
]onfw&m;tpGecYf ikd ;f zdYk wm0efay;vdu k w f m xrf;aqmifMuzdYk
tpnf;ta0; ac:&r,f/ ac:rnft h aMumif; aumifpv D nf; t
aMumif;Mum;&r,f}
][kwfNyD}
]a&mufwt hJ cg tpnf;ta0;pNy;D cifAsm;u ]onfw&m;
udrk mS ;aMumif; qH;k jzwfMuw,f? 'gaMumifh 'gudk pGeMYf uzd}Yk tqdjk yK&
rSmaygY}
]wifygY}
]tJonfrmS ausmufoabFmxJu cdik rf molwpfO;D u xNy;D
uefYuGuf&r,f}
]b,fvdkuefYuGuf&rvJ}

ÓPuxm 711
]ausmufoabFmw&m;rSm;w,f ajymol[m b,fov l /J tJ

onfou l rSm;w,fqw kd meJY wdu Yk vdu k rf mS ;&rSmvm;vdv Yk nf; ajym&
r,f}
]wifygbk&m;}
]olwu Ykd rSew f ,fqv kd Ykd wduYk vdu k rf eS w
f m r[kwb f ;l / wd[ Yk m
wdYk rSew
f modvYkd rSew f myJ jzpfw,f}-vdv Yk nf; ajym&r,f}
]wifyg}
]onfawmh wd, Yk w kH w hJ &m;udk ,Hw k ,fqNkd y;D wdq Yk &mawGukd
ud;k uG,w f m? tck olwu Ykd r,Hak wmhb;l qdv k sif olwu Ykd kd wdpYk eG rYf ,f/
wdw
Yk &m;udk wdrYk pGeb Yf ;l / wdw Yk &m;udk rSm;w,fq;kH jzwfwhJ ax&0g'Ak'¨
bmomudkvnf; wdkYpGefYr,fvdkY-tqdkjyKNyD; onftqdkudk 0dkif;axmuf
cHvdkufzdkYyJ}
]tJonfawmh wynfah wmfwu Ykd bmjzpfomG ;rSmvJ}
]ausmufoabFmAk'¨bmom-aygY}
]wynfhawmfwdkYu b,folUudk;uG,f&rSmvJ}
]b,fou Yl kd ud;k uG,cf siv f v Ykd /J bk&m;ud;k uG,af ygY}
]bkef;BuD;ua&m}
]wumBu;D wd, Yk w kH w hJ &m;ud, k wHk hJ bke;f Bu;D ud;k uG,&f rSmaygh}
]tJonfbkef;BuD;u ausmufoabFmAk'¨bmombkef;BuD;yJ
jzpf&rSmvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]r½Sdvsifa&m}

712 ÓPuxm
]w&m;udk ud, k of ad ewmyJ/ w&m;a[mzdt Yk wGuf bke;f Bu;D

ud;k uG,w f myJ/ w&m;a[mzdYk rvdak wmhb;l qdv k sif bke;f Bu;D rud;k uG,f
&vnf; bmjzpfao;ovJaygY}
]tJonfvkd ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ mom r[kwaf wmYvsif tjypfay;
zdYk zrf;qD;wm rvkyEf ikd af wmYb;l vm;}
][kwfw,f}
]tJonfvkd ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ mom trnfcaH evsiaf wmh trsKd ;
om;pnf;vH;k rIukd ysujf ym;apwmjzpfaer,f/ onfpmpkxrJ mS trsm;
&JUqH;k jzwfcsuu f kd rvdu
k ef mwmaMumifah ygY}
]oD;jcm;qdkvsifawmh rzrf;Edkif&bl;ayghaemf}
][kww f ,f/ 'gaMumifh ausmufoabFmawGu ax&0g'Ak'¨
bmom&JU qH;k jzwfwm rBuKd uv f sif ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ momu Ekwx f u
G f
zdyYk gyJ}
]&Edik rf ,fawmh rxifygbl;}
]'guawmh cifAsm;wdu Yk pd yö /J awG;wwfatmif tBuaH y;um
rQygyJ}

ÓPuxm 713
94/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd ? a½Tjrifwifawmifü a½Tbrkd w

S umrsm;
tm; ½SiÓ
f Pajymaom ausmufoabFm0depd , ä pum;
]ausmufoabFm0g'udk 0depd , ä vkyw f hJ bke;f Bu;D awGukd w&m;

pGJwmtaMumif; enf;enf;trdefY½SdygOD;bk&m;}
]ausmufoabFm0g'udk tckvkd 0depd , ä vkyNf y;D ESyd u f yG af zsmuf
zsuvf u kd w f mudk pdwx f u
J cHpm;&w,f}
]ausmufoabFm0g' w&m;"r®[m taysmfvkyfaeMuwm
r[kwb f ;l / ,HMk unfcsut f jynfeh JY vkyaf eMuwmawGy/J ,HMk unfcsuf
udk todeYJ ysujf y,fatmifyJ vkypf &m½Sw d ,f/ onfvkd Edik x f ufp;D eif;
rvky&f bl;/ vkyv f sif apmfum;wmyJ/ tapmfum;cH&olawGbufu
emrdwmaygY}
]ausmufoabFmw&m;udk rSefw,fxifvdkYvm;}
]onfvdkawmh r[kwfygbl;}
]rrSefvsif ESdyf&rSmr[kwfbl;vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJ'gvkyw f myJ r[kwb f ;l vm;}
]onfvrkd ESyd &f bl;/ trSejf ywmeJo Y m ESyd cf iG ½hf w
dS ,f/ tmPm
&wmeJY tmPmeJY ESyd w f mrsKd ; rvky&f bl;/ vkyv f sif vkyo f [
l m rw&m;
vkyfwmyJ}

714 ÓPuxm
]onfvkd rw&m;awmh bmjzpfovJb&k m;/ ud, k ef YJ bmqdik f

wmrSwfvdkYyJ}
]qdkifw,f}
]b,fvdkqdkifwmvJ}
]omoemNydKuGJvmwmtxd jzpfvmEdkifw,f/ NydKuGJvsif
ud, k v f nf; onfomoem aewmyJ/ jyKjyifzw Ykd m0ef ½Sw d myJ/ vkyv f m
&rSmaygY}
]olwu Ykd vdik ;f awGruGaJ tmif vkywf myJ/ bke;f Bu;D u NyKd uzJG Ykd
jzpfw,f-qdak wmh b,fvkd em;vnf&rvJ}
],HMk unfcsu[ f m rvG,b f ;l / tmPmeJzY vd vYkd nf; ydroGm;Edik f
bl;/ c&pf,mefordik ;f jyefMunf/h a&mrbk&ifawGu c&pf,mefb&k m;
½Scd ;kd ,HMk unf&aumif;vm;qdNk y;D owfwmawmif &ovm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]ausmufoabFmawGu v,f0,fMuvdYk olwrYkd mS ;w,fajym
wJo Y al wGukd ausmcdik ;f r,fqNkd y;D xGucf mG oGm;vsif b,fvv kd yk rf vJ}
]tmPmeYJ udik &f rSmaygh}
]tmPm[m Oya'jy|mef;xm;wm½Srd S jzpfwm}
]yk'fr (5)½SdwmyJ}
]tJ'gu wpf0g'xJ½adS eolawGtwGuyf J oufqikd rf ,f/ 0g'
oD;jcm;aeoltwGuf roufqdkifbl;}
]0g'rcG&J bl; ajym&rSmaygY}

ÓPuxm 715
]tajccHOya'u vGwv f yfpmG ud;k uG,, f MkH unfrI a&;xm;

Ny;D om;yJ/ 'gudak usmNf y;D bmeJw Y m;rSmvJ/ Oya'vkyv f nf; 'gèausmf
vkyfvdkYr&bl;}
]cGo
J u l kd Ncrd ;f ajcmufwmawG vky&f rSmaygY}
]'guvnf; enf;vsiu f pd rö ½Sb d ;l ? cGo
J al wGursm;vsif b,fvkd
vkyfEdkifawmhrSmvJ}
]ausmufoabFmu trsm;BuD;yJ}
][kww f ,f? oef;avmuftxd ½SEd ikd w f ,f}
],HMk unfcsuu f kd ynmeJrY Nird ;f owfbJ udik w f , G w
f m[m tEÅ
&m,fyJ}
][kww f ,f? olwYkd tvG,w f ul vkyMf uwm tEÅ&m,fBu;D
w,f}
]ausmufoabFmw&m;u ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ momeJY wu,fuJG
vGJovm;}
]b,fvGJrvJ}
]onfvdkqdkvsif b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ}
]ax&0g' Ak'b ¨ momtcsi;f csi;f twlwyl /J xl;wmu tp
orm;eJY tqH;k orm; jcm;em;aewmyJ}
]½Si;f ygOD;}
]y&d,wform;u ax&0g' tporm;yJ? ausmufoabFm
u ax&0g'tqH;k a&mufaewmyJ}
]'gaMumifhèausmufoabFmudk em;rvnfMuwmvm;}

716 ÓPuxm
]'gyJ}
]onfvq kd akd wmh bmrSrjzpfatmif rvkyEf idk o f u
l tqH;k wdik f
jzpfatmif vkyEf ikd o f ul kd rSm;w,fq;kH jzwfrv
I yk w
f mod&wm tonf;
,m;p&mBuD;yJ}
]tJ'g OD;Zif;wdcYk pH m;&wmyJ}
]ausmufoabFmw&m; rSew f ,fxifvYkd cHpm;&wmr[kwb f ;l
aemf}
]r[kwfbl;}
]rw&m;bl;jrifvdkY cHpm;&wmaygY}
]'gaygh}
]onfawmh? olwrYkd w&m;wm jyefjycsipf w d f aygufwmaygh}
]'gaygh}
]'gaMumifh w&m;jyefpw JG mvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]pGJ&rnfhtcsufu b,fvdkvkyf½SmvdkufwmvJ}
]y&d,wform;awGqakd wmh tm*rtrSm;udk jyEdik rf jS zpfr,f/
obm0trSm;qdv k sif jrifatmifjyvdYk r&bl;/ obm0tcsuu f ol
wdq
Yk rD mS bmrS½w dS m r[kwb f ;l / onfawmh tm*rtrSm; ½SmMunfh
w,f}
]tJ'g awGUovm;}
]awGUw,f}
]b,ftcsufrSmvJ}

ÓPuxm 717
]qH;k jzwfcsuf ESpqf ,fw h pfcsux f u J edAmÁ ef[m tjyiftyrSm

½Sdw,fqdkwJh qHk;jzwfcsufrSmyJ}
]tJonfrmS bmqdx k m;vdv Yk }J
]edAmÁ ef[m A[d'r¨ mS ½Sw d ,f}-vdYk qH;k jzwfxm;w,f? ausmuf
oabFmu ]vlxrJ mS ½Sw d ,f}-ajymcsuu f kd acszsuw f myJ}
]tJ'g rSm;ovm;}
]rSm;wmaygh}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]tJ'g rar;eJ?Y tJ'g ajymzdrYk aumif;bl;}
]bmaMumifhvJ}
]obm0w&m;awGqdkawmh pum;rsm;ae&vdrfhr,f}
]'gjzifh b,fvdkrSm;w,fajymrvJ}
]tm*reJY ajym&r,f}
]vkyfygOD;}
]edAmÁ ef[m A[d'v ¨ Ykd ajym&rnft h &m r[kwb f ;l ? onfvjkd zpf
vsuef YJ A[d'j¨ zpfw,f ajymcsiv f sif ajymzdt Yk ud;k r&Edik &f bl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]bk&m;ra[mvdkYaygh}
]bk&m;r½Sw d ahJ emuf a[mvsiaf um}
]r½Sd&bl;yJ}
]onfvdkqdk olwdkYbmudkudk;NyD;ajymovJ}
]uxm0w¬KygVdawmfvm ygVdqw kd mudk ud;k Ny;D ajymwmyJ}

718 ÓPuxm
]tJonfusr;f xJrmS wu,fyJ tJonfygVdu ½So d vm;}

]rodb;l ? 'gayrJY r½S&d bl;vdyYk J pdwx f rJ mS jzpfaew,f}
]onfawmh bmvkyfovJ}
]OD;Zif;u tJonftcsed u f rtm;aebl;? pmwrf;jyKaew,f/
'gaMumifh uav;wpfa,mufukd tJonfusr;f rSm onfpmwrf;ygçryg
t½Smcdkif;vdkufw,f}
]uav;u bmajymvJ}
]rygbl; ajymwmaygh}
]bke;f Bu;D tBuKd uaf wGUNyaD ygh}
][kww f ,f? 'gayrJY pdwaf wmhrcsao;bl;}
]uav; rsufaphvQrf;wmvm;vdkYvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]ud,k w f ikd f ½Sma&mvm;}
]r½SmEdik b f ;l ? olrsm; t½Smcdik ;f &wmyJ}
]b,folYcdkif;vJ}
]OD;*kPyJ}
]oluawmh pmwwfwmyJ}
][kww f ,f? oluvnf; rawGUbl;yJ-ajymwmyJ}
]pdwfcsa&mvm;}
]rcsb;l ? OD;*kPu rsuaf phroefb;l ? vQr;f csiv f Qr;f oGm;Edik f
w,f}
]bmvkyfvJ}

ÓPuxm 719
]tcefo Y ifch siaf wmh rH½k mG urdwaf qG&if;wpfa,mufeYJ awGU

w,f/ pum;pyfNy;D onfpm onfrmS ygçryg bke;f Bu;D ar;ay;r,f/
wm0ef,loGm;w,f}
]a½S;u yd#uwfEpS yf kH tm*Hjk yefz;l oly?J tJonfwek ;f u ESpyf u kH
tbd"r®mygw,f? onfawmh onfpmudk olètm*H&k Ny;D om;qdak wmh
ygçryg twdtusukd oluawmhrvGEJ ikd af tmif odoyl }J
]aumif;vdkufwm}
]olq Y u D vnf; rygbl;yJ ajymw,f/ 'geJ?Y [kwNf y?D 'gudak wmh
vkyaf wmhr,fqNkd y;D rausyt JG jzpf ud, k [hf mud,
k f enf;enf;xyfNy;D
pmtkyv f eS af o;w,f/ rygbl;yJ}
][kwfNyD}
]'gèausmufoabFm0depd , ä tzGUJ udk w&m;pGJ pmwrf;a&;awmh
wmyJ}
]b,fvdkpGJwmvJ}
]t"r®jzpfw,f-qdw k m bk&m;ra[mbJ bk&m;a[mvkyw f m
vnf; wpfcsuyf gw,f/ onftzGUJ [m 'gudk usL;vGeyf gw,f/ onf
pm[m bk&m;a[mr½Syd gbl;/ r½Sw d mudk onftzGUJ [m odoal wGyg/
bmaMumifq h vkd sif pmwwfbUJG wHqyd &f awG jzpfvaYkd ygh/ onfvkd od
vsuef YJ ygw,fajymwm[m vkyBf urH o I ufouf vkyw f m jzpfw,f/
'gaMumifh onftzGUJ [m t"r®0g'DawG jzpfaew,f/ 'gawGuEkd ydS zf Ykd
0depd ,
ä zGUJ ay;ygvdYk w&m;pGw J myJ}

720 ÓPuxm
]w&m;½Hk;zGifh&JUvm;}
]rzGifhbl;}
]pG&J wm tvum;aygh}
]b,f[kwfrvJ}
]olwYkd xdecf sew f mtwGuf aemufxyf tjypfusL;vGew f m
wpfcu k kd olwx Ykd yfvyk w f m jzpfwmaygY}
]'gayrJY t&mrSrxifwm}
]raysmufygbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]w&m;pGw J ikd ;f rdwLå awGukd trsm;tjym; ydx Yk m;wmyJ/ 'gawG
u ordik ;f rSm bGm;bGm; ay:&rSmawGyg}
]tJonf w&m;pGpJ meJpY yfNy;D bmMum;&ao;vJ}
]Mum;w,f}
]bmwJhvJ}
]tzGUJ Ouú|bke;f Bu;D u 'gudw k m0ef,&l wJh ñTeMf um;a&;rSL;
OD;tHaY rmifuakd jymw,f Mum;&w,f/ igawmh tdBk u;D tdrk jzpfrS rif;wdYk
vkywf m aoygNy-D qdw k mrsKd ;yJ}
]onfèvkyBf urH BI u;D u olvyk w f m r[kwv f v
Ykd m;}
]Mum;&wmt&awmh rvkyo f vdak ygh/ 'gayrJY 'g-twdtus
rajymEdkifbl;}
]bmyJjzpfjzpf/ onfèbke;f Bu;D awGuawmh w&m;cHy}J

ÓPuxm 721
][kwfw,f? udk,frvkyfawmif zwfNyD; [kwfçr[kwfavmuf

awmh ppfaq;&rSmaygY/ 'gwm0efy?J r[kwb f ;l vnf; rajymEdik bf ;l /
olwyYkd v
J yk Bf uw H mvnf; jzpfEikd w f myJ}
]vlaovljzpf 0g'gEk0g'0depd , ä awGuv kd nf; w&m;pGaJ o;
w,fqdkwmawmh [kwfvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]olwu Ykd a&m bmrSm t"r®jzpfaevdv Yk }J
]0dpdudpäm t,ltqrSmyJ}
]0dpu d pd mä udk olwu Ykd b,fv, kd x
l m;vdv Yk }J
]0dpu d pd mä qdw k m ]aoNy;D aemuf jzpfrvm;çrjzpfrvm;} 'G[ d rsKd ;
jzpfw,f/ 0dpu d pd mä jyKwv f sif aoNy;D aemufjzpfw,fvYkd qH;k jzwfcsuf
usoGm;wmvdkY olwdkY,ljyMuw,f}
]'gèrSm;ovm;}
]rSm;wmaygY}
]b,fvdkrSm;wmvJ}
]Ak'0¨ g'u vlrausmw f 0hJ g'yJ? olwu Ykd vlausmjf yxm;wmyJ}
]vlausmaf wmh bmjzpfovJ}
]vlausmfvsif 'd|deJYwdk;aerSmaygh}
]bm'd|dvJ}
]jzpfw,fèausmfvsif oów? jzpfw,frausmfvsif Oapä'
aygh}
]vlrausmw f thJ aMumif; taxmuftxm; wjcm;½Sad o;&JU

722 ÓPuxm
vm;}
]½SdwmaygY}
]bmawGvJ}
]tm*rt&qdv k sif bk&m;&JUw&m;[m t&d,opömyJ? onf
opöm[m wpfvrH Qvrl mS jzpfw,f-qdw k m bk&m;a[m wdu k ½f ukd ½f dS
wmyJ}
]obm0t&qdkvsifa&m}
]obm0t&u ydx k if½mS ;wmaygY}
]vkyfygOD;}
]vljY yóem[m vl½q dS yJ ½J rdS mS r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]qif;&Jw,f? csr;f omw,fqw kd m vljY yóemyJ r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]vlr½Sw d ahJ emufrmS onfjyóemawG oGm;vkyaf evsif pdwå
Z jzpfrmS r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]bk&m;w&m;[m pdwZå w&m;vm;}
]b,f[kwfrSmvJ bk&m;}
]r[kwb f ;l qdv
k sif vlr½Sw d ahJ e&mrSm jyóemudk ½SmazGygY
rvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gqdv k sif b,frpd mä 'óeeJY Niad o;ovJ}

ÓPuxm 723
]rdpäm'óeu b,favmuf½SdwmvJ}
]ajcmufq,fhESpfyg;BuD;awmifyJ}
]onfè'd|"r®eAd mÁ ef0g'eJrY sm; Nird vm;}
]b,fuvm}
]tJ'gu b,fv[ kd mrdvYk }J
]wjcm;awGyg}
]ajcmufq,fEh pS yf g;? wpfyg;eJrY S rNib d ;l aygY}
]pGr;f vsif Nijd yMuaygh}
]onfvdkqdkvsif Ak'¨0g'[m aemufaemifb0awG jzpfçrjzpf
ryg&bl;aygY}
][kwfw,f}
]ygvsif}
]tJ'g rdpmä 'd|0d g'yJ}
]onfawmh 0dpu d pd mä jyKww f ,fqw kd m[m aoNy;D aemufjzpf
w,fvYkd wxpfcs ,lEikd o f mG ;wm r[kwb f ;l qdw
k m taotcsmaygY}
]'gaygY}
]'gqdak wmh onfvkd olw, Ykd jl ywm[m rdpmä 'd|t d ,lrmS ; jzpf
wmaygh}
]'gaygh}
]bm rdpmä 'd|v d }J
]oówaygY}
]onfvdkqdkvsif "r®jzpfygYrvm;}

724 ÓPuxm
]rjzpfbl;}
]t"r®jzpfrSmaygY}
]'gaygY}
]'gudkw&m;pGJwmvm;}
]'gyJ}
]'gudk olwdkYu rodMubl;vm;}
]rodEdkifbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]t&d,opöm uG,af evd}Yk
]bmopömjzpfaevJ}
]y&rw¬opöm}
]tJonfESpfcku rwlbl;vm;}
]cJeJY a½TyJ}
]t&d,opömuG,yf kH enf;enf;½Si;f ygOD;}
]'ku?© 'kuj© zpfaMumif;eJU eda&m"? eda&m" a&mufaMumif;udk
olwrYkd odMubl;/ tJ'guG,w f myJ}
]'kuu © kd olwrYkd odb;l vm;}
]'gaygh}
]wPSmMuOfavmuDw&m;awG[m 'kuv © Ykd olwaYkd umufEikd f
Muw,f r[kwv f m;}
]'gawG 'kuv © Ykd aumufwwfwmyJ ½Sw d ,f/ 'gawGukd 'kuv © Ykd
olwrYkd odMuygbl;/ okcvdrYk sm;awmif odaeMuygao;w,f}

ÓPuxm 725
]aumufwwfraS wmh odzYkd raumif;bl;vm;}

]aumif;wmaygY}
]'gqdv k sif odrmS yJ r[kwv f m;}
]rodbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]r&vdkY}
]bmjzpfvdkY r&wmvJ}
]todrSm;vdkY}
]b,fvdk rSm;wmvJ}
]'kur© a&mufwm 'kuv © -Ykd rSm;aumufwmaygY}
]'gaMumifh aumufEikd af yrJh ud, k af umufv&Ykd wmudk ud,k f
ud,k w
f ikd f vufcv H rYkd &wm rodwmvm;}
]'gaygY}
]rvG,fygvm;}
]'gyJ}
]olwrYkd mS bm'óerS r½Sb d ;l aemf}
]uBuD;çcacG;tHwJh cav;awGyJ}
]onfvjkd zpfvsuef YJ olrsm;&JUt,ltqç tawG;tjrifawGukd
rSm;w,fçrSefw,f ajym&ufw,faemf}
]tJ'g pdwyf supf &maygY}
]vlaovljzpf0g'gEk0g'u rSew f ,fxifwmrsKd ;aMumifh 0depd ä
,udk w&m;pGw J m r[kwb f ;l aygY}

726 ÓPuxm
]b,fuvm}
]rrSev f sif rrSeb f ;l vdYk qH;k jzwfygapvm; bk&m;}
]t,ltqudk tmPmeJY rvky&f bl;}
]bke;f Bu;D u tmPmudk tawmf½yHG ykH }J
]tmPm[m vlawG&UJ vGwv f yfNird ;f csr;f rIukd zsuq f ;D aewJh
t&myJ? vlom;&JU bH&k efoyl }J
]aMumifyef;w&m;vdkawGudkvnf; w&m;pGJao;w,fqdk}
][kwfw,f}
]bm&nf½G,fcsufeJYvJ}
]w&m;pGJwmawGudk urÇmat;u zifckxdkifxm;Muw,f/
bmrS rzGiMhf ubl;}
]zGiv hf sif olw½Ykd ;HI MurSmawG jzpfaerS b,fziG rhf vJ}
]zGiahf wmh rxl;bl;qdNk y;D olwrYkd w S w f rf;tjzpf ordik ;f rSm ouf
aownfapawmhqdkNyD; trSm;awG tcsuftvufjyKwJhoabmeJY
w&m;pGpJ mwrf;awGa&;Ny;D pGw J mygyJ}
]w&m;pGJvufu ,OfaeNyDajym&rvm;}
]tJonfvakd jymvsiv f nf; cH&rSmyJ}
]bke;f Bu;D pdwx f rJ mS w&m;rpGx J ukd ?f rqH;k jzwfxu kd o
f al wG w
&m;pGq
J q
kd ;kH jzwfawmh tmPmeJzY Ed ydS w f m rausreyf jzpfrmS aygY}
][kwfw,f}
]olw[ Ykd m wm0eft& pG&J çqH;k jzwf&wmeJY wlygw,f}
]'gaygY}

ÓPuxm 727
]onfvq kd akd wmh tjypfrwifb;l aygY bk&m;}

]tjypfrwifvYkd &rvm;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]'gèEdik if aH &;yJ}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]rqvygwD[m jynfoOYl ;D aqmifygwD vkycf siw f ,f}
][kwfw,f}
]onfawmh tm;vH;k tzGUJ tpnf;awG olaY tmufrmS ½S&d r,f/
olv
Y rf;ñTet f wdik ;f vIy½f mS ;&r,f}
][kwfw,f}
]tJonfxrJ mS bke;f Bu;D awG&UJ oHCmvnf;ygw,f}
]oHCmu tzGJUtpnf;rdkYvm;}
][kww f maygh? tBu;D qH;k tzGUJ tpnf;Bu;D aygY}
]tJ'gu Edik if aH &;rSr[kww f m}
]'gawmh 'gaygY}
]Edik if aH &;eJY bmoma&; ra&m&bl;qd}k
]'gu a&mw,fvdkYvnf; vHk;vHk;awmh ajymvdkYr&bl;aygY/
'gayrJh Edik if xH rJ mS ½Swd hJ tpktruf rSeof rQuawmh rqv vuf
atmufrmS yJ ½S&d r,f/ rqvu vrf;ñTew f mtwdik ;f yJ jzpf&r,faygY}
]b,fvkd ywfoufrvJ}
]½Sif;aeatmif ywfoufwmaygY}
]vkyfygOD;}

728 ÓPuxm
]bke;f Bu;D tzGUJ udk vGiu hf srJ aeapbl;/ wpfpw k nf; vky&f r,f/
tJonfwpfpw k nf;&JU tcsKyu f kd rqvu vkyyf ikd cf iG ahf wG ay;&r,f}
]olwv Ykd yk yf ikd cf iG &hf ol[m tmPm&bke;f Bu;D aygY}
][kwfw,f}
]bke;f Bu;D udk tmPm&çtmPmrJh tpkcaJG y;vdu k wf maygh}
][kwfw,f}
]tJonf bke;f Bu;D awGukd useb f ek ;f Bu;D awGuyJ qEáy;xm;
wm r[kwv f m;}
]wpfygwD 'Dru kd a&pDvykd gyJ/ olwaYkd y;wJv h l a½G;ay;&wmrsKd ;
yg}
]onfvdkqdkawmh olwdkYBudKufwJhbkef;BuD; a½G;ay;wmaygh}
]'gaygY}
]tJonfawmh bke;f Bu;D tm;vH;k [m olwOYkd ;D aqmifraI tmuf
jym;jym;arSmuf a&mufwmaygY}
]'gaygh}
]bke;f Bu;D awGu 'g rodb;l vm;}
]bmrS rawG;MuolawGyJ}
]aMumifyef;wdYk w&m;pGw J meJY qufpyfygOD;}
]aMumifyef;u v,fww D Ykd vufxufuwnf;u oHC y#d
yu©jzpfNy;D oD;jcm;aeoly}J
]t*Fvyd f vufxufuaygY}
][kwfw,f}

ÓPuxm 729
]tJonfwkef;u b,fvdkjyóemjzpfwmvJ}
]aMumifyef;&JU emrft,ltq qdyk gawmh/e,foC H m oabm
rusbl;}
][kwfvm;}
]aMumifyef;eJY e,foC H m[m OD;ñTw&f mwlw,f ajym&r,f}
]b,folOD;ñTwfovJ}
]v,fwD}
]v,fwu D vnf; tJonfe,fom;yg/ rH½k mG ? bkwvif? t&m
awmf? 'Dy&J if;? a&OD;? onfoC H mawG[m v,fwt D ½Sed t
f 0gatmuf
rSmaygY}
][kwfw,f}
]olwdkYjyóem v,fwDqDa&mufrSmaygY}
][kww f ,fèv,fwu D cHyk }J
]vkyfygOD;}
]wpfzufoC H mu aMumifyef;tjypfjrifyakH wGukd v,fwu D kd
wifjyMuw,f/ v,fwu D aMumifyef;udak jymjyw,f}
]aMumifyef;u bmajymvJ}
]olwrYkd odvYkd [db
k ufajymjyawmh [db k ufoC H mu aMumif
yef; 'grpGevYf sif aMumifyef;udo k w
l pYkd eG rYf ,f ajymw,f}
]'gudk v,fwDu aMumifyef;ajymrSmaygY/ aMumifyef;u
bmjyefajymovJ}

730 ÓPuxm
]olwu Ykd tckrpS eG rYf vdYk ½Sad o;w,f/ wynfah wmfu olwu Ykd kd
pGeNYf y;D wmMumNyv D Ykd jyefajymw,f}
]v,fwDu bmvkyfovJ}
]'gqdkèNyD;wmyJvdkYaygY}
]olèbmrS vkyrf &bl;aygh}
][kwfw,fètJonfvdk cGJcJhMuwm}
]vkyfygOD;}
]tck ½Sib f &k ifu oHCmudk olaY tmufrmS wpfpw k nf;jzpfNy;D
olñeT Mf um;wJt h wdik ;f vIy½f mS ;apcsiaf wmh 'gawGr½Srd jS zpfrmS r[kwf
vm;}
][kwfw,f}
]onfawmh 'gawG w&m;pGcJ ikd ;f wmyJ? ckcv H sif axmifcsr,f
aygY}
]olYtwGuf tmPmoHk;wmaygY}
]omoemhtwGuv f Ykd rsuv
f n S jhf yNy;D oH;k wmyg}
]bke;f Bu;D awGuvnf; tJ'g roH;k oyfb;l aemf}
]olwYkd pm;0wfaea&;? use;f rma&;eJY *kPo f ud m© rSm ,pfr;l ae
MuwmyJ}
]pmay[m olww Ykd m0efqNkd y;D tpOftvm tJ'gxJ ESpx f m;cH
&wm r[kwv f m;}
]tJonfpmay[m tckacwfrmS uGeyf sLwmxJxnfx h m;vsif
"mwfjym;wpfcsyfawmif jynfhrSmr[kwfbl;}

ÓPuxm 731
]uGeyf sLwmu vdck siw f mudk vdck siw f t hJ csed rf mS &OD;rSu;kd }

]odyf&wmaygY}
]vlqrD mS ½Sad ewmavmuf aumif;ygYrvm;}
]vlurS ul;,lvrYkd &bJ aer,f/ uGeyf sLwmu vlvyk Ef ikd w f m
tukefvkyfEdkifr,f}
]onfavmufuav;eJY *kPfjyKcH raexdkufbl;aygY}
]'guav;eJY *kP, f al e&rSm r[kwb f ;l / tckè'geJyY J Nird af eMu
w,f}
]ajymp&myJ}
]ud,
k b hf 0 bmvdaYk wmif xifcsiEf ikd w f hJ taetxm;r½Sb d J
olrsm;u toH;k cscsio f vdk toH;k csNy;D upm;oGm;wmxJrmS ud, k uf
tHpmwk;H uav;vdk tjzpfcMH uwm pdww f pkd &myJ}
]aMumifyef;w&m;pGJwmvnf; ajymygOD;bk&m;}
]oHCm[m olwdkYatmuf wpfckwnf;jzpfcsifawmh a½S;u
tuGu J kd tmPmok;H Ny;D tqk;H tjzwfcikd ;f wmyJ? w&m;pGcJ ikd ;f wmyJ }
]tJonf pGq J okd çl qH;k jzwforl mS pGEJ ikd çf qH;k jzwfEikd w f hJ t&nft
csif; r½Sdbl;vm; bk&m;}
]b,fuvm½Srd vJ/ olwu Ykd ]{0Harokw}H -&wm? [du k vuf
awGU avmu&JU jzpf&yfwpfcu k kd ud, k w
f ikd çf ud,k yf ikd jf rifxm;wm t&nf
tcsi;f tbd;k eJaY jr;avmufru uGmw,f}
]aMumifyef;ua&m rSeo f vm;}
]'guawmh rSecf sirf rS eS rf ,f}

732 ÓPuxm
]rrSev
f sif ajym&rSm r[kwb f ;l vm;}
]ajymwJo h u
l rrSerf eS ;f odwmr[kwb f ;l }
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]olwrYkd mS 'óerS r½Sw d m}
]bm½SdovJ}
]{0Harokw-H awG oif,w l m}
]oifvYkd wwfwmawG[m todtjrif'óeawG r[kwb f ;l
vm;}
]bmrS rqdik b
f ;l }
]vkyfygOD;}
]a&ul;enf; pmzwfxm;oleYJ a&ul;wwfol wlrvm;}
]b,fwlrvJ}
]b,fvkd ,uf&w,f? b,fvkd uef&w,f rajymwwfb;l
vm;}
]ajymwwfrSmyg}
]wu,fu;l vsif onfvykd jJ zpfrmS yJ r[kwv f m;}
][kwfw,f}
]bmxl;vJ}
]wu,f rul;wwfolyJ}
]onfvykd J pmoifxm;½Hek YJ wu,f'óe½Sw d m r[kwb f ;l /
rSm;rSm;çrSerf eS f wu,fvyk x
f m;vdYk odwo
hJ u
l kd bmrSrodou l onf
vdrk vkyaf umif;bl;/ txl;tm;jzifh onfvkd tmPmeJY rzdEydS af umif;

ÓPuxm 733
bl;}
]bke;f Bu;D uawmh 'gudk awmfawmf rauseyfb;l eJY wlw,f}
]odwwfow l idk ;f onfvkd jzpf&rSmawGyg}
]onfvq kd v kd sif onfoal wGukd b,fvv kd yk &f rSmvJ}
]aqG;aEG;Mu&rSmyJ}
]raqG;aEG;bl;qdkvsifa&m}
]rSm;,Gi;f w,fxifvsif rSm;,Gi;f aMumif; pma&;Mu&rSmyJ}
]wpfbufu rausreyfjzpfrmS aygY}
]jzpfyapav}
]jzpfawmh jyefacsyrSmaygY}
]'gèjzpf&rSmyJ}
]acsywmudk jyefacsvsiaf &m}
]acsMuyapav}
]jiif;ckw
H m jzpfrmS aygY}
]tjiif;oef trSe&f }-qdw k phJ um;yHak wmif ½Sw
d ,fr[kwv f m;}
]oD;qpfpçf tefwo D ;D qpfpçf qif;oD;qpfpv f m;}
][kwfw,fèonfvdkjzpf&rSmyJ}
]wpfbufeJYwpfbuf &efjzpfMuvsifa&mbk&m;}
]vGefwJhvl wdkif;jynfOya'u ta&;,laygY}
]w&m;vkyw f myJ? rw&m;txdawmh a&mufMuzdYk r[kwyf g
bl;}
]at;aygY}

734 ÓPuxm
]wu,fvYkd w&m;vkyw f mrSmrcHEikd vf Ykd rw&m;vkyv f siv f nf;

olw
Y &m;&JU rw&m;wmBu;D [m bl;ay:ovdk ay:oGm;rSmyJ}
]onfawmh raumif;bl;vm;}
][kwfw,fèbk&m;}
]temqdw k m cGw
J efc?JG azmufwefazmuf? n§pw f efnp§ f tepf
em enf;enf;awmh cH&rSmaygY}
]tckvnf; enf;enf;zspcf iG hf ay;&r,faygY}
][kwfw,f}
]vrf;qH;k vsi½f mG awGU qdw k mvdyk J wu,fjiif;vsif trSef
awmh a&muf&rSmyJ}
]tckacwfrmS ydak &mufwmaygY}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]tm*rçobm0 onfEpS 0f udak zmfjyzdYk ypön;f awGu odyf
vG,fulaew,f}
]tkycf sKyo
f ul awmh 'gawGrvdck sib f ;l yJ jzpf&rSmaygY}
][kww f maygh/ trdu I u f pNy;D oljY yó'fr;D avmifrmS aMumuf
wmudk;}
]wu,ftppftrSef a&mufzdkYuawmh tukefajymMurSmyJ
bk&m; aemf}
][kwfw,f}
]aMumifyef;0depd , ä u(24)csurf mS wpfcsKd Uwpf0uf rSm;qH;k
jzwfawmh pGoJ u l vnf;rSm; tpGcJ o H vl nf;rSm;aygY}

ÓPuxm 735
]tJ'g olYtrSm;udk 0efcsrcdkif;bl;? tpGJcHyJ 0efcsw,f}

][kwfw,f}
]0efrcsoul t"r®ukd rpGeaYf o;olyJ tJ'gèw&m;pGw J myJ}

736 ÓPuxm
95/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd a½Tjrifwifawmifü rEÅav;NrKd UrS

wumBu;D OD;0if;armifEiS hf rdwaf qGrsm;tm; ½SiÓ
f Pajymaom
Ak'¨jyZmwfpum;
]bke;f Bu;D &JU wdy#d uwdYk &[ef;av;yg;eJY urÇmat;u ñTef

Mum;a&;rSL;awG tygt0if vlav;a,mufukd w&m;pGw J phJ mwrf;udk
wynfhawmfwdkY zwfMu&ygw,f}
][kwfuJY}
]tJonftaMumif; enf;enf;avmuf trde½Yf ydS gOD; bk&m;}
]w&m;pGw J muawmh tJonfpmxJ ygNy;D twdik ;f ygyJ}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]wjcm;odp&muav;awGaygY bk&m;}
]OD;Zif;wdu Yk omoemawmfa&; avQmufxm;awmif;qdv k mT
tjzpf w&m;pGJpmwrf; wpfckudk oHCr[mem,u urÇmat;udk
qufuyfcJhw,f}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]tJ'g olwYkd bmrSraqmif½u G bf J OD;Zif;wdu
Yk kd aysmufysuzf Ykd
vHk;yrf;wJhtaeeJY 0de,eJY w&m;jyefpGJaew,f? tckwdkif;utxd
rw&m;t½H;I qH;k jzwfwt hJ xd a&mufaeNy}D
]tJ'gvnf; odygw,f bk&m;}
]tJonfawmh pOf;pm;Munfhw,f}
]wifygbk&m;}

ÓPuxm 737
]bk&m;omoemawmfBu;D [m vkyBf ucH aH e&Ny/D igwdu Yk v kd nf;

r[kwfu[kwfueJY jzKwfypfMuawmhr,f-vdkYyJ}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]igwdrYk ½Sw
d hJ aemufusawmhvnf; igwd&Yk UJ pGq J ckd suu f kd ud, k ef YJ
rywfoufovdk abmfvaD bmykwf a½SmifvNJT y;D ud, k v f wG ½f ek ;f Muvdrhf
r,f/ 'gawmhtvGwaf y;vdYk rjzpfb;l vdv Yk nf; pOf;pm;w,f}
]oifhjrwfvSygw,f bk&m;}
]aemufwpfcsufuvnf; onfomoemawmfrSm igwdkY[m
oD;jcm;&yfwnf&wJh tjzpfudk rvGJraoGa&muf&zdkY ½Sdaew,f}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]onfawmh twlw½l adS ewke;f rSm ajymp&m½Sw d mudk wm0ef½½dS dS
acsyEdik af tmif ajymqd&k r,fqNkd y;D w&m;pGv J u kd w
f mygyJ}
]pGJqdkcH&olawGu rsm;vSacsvm;bk&m;}
]y&d,wf&UJ xdyq f ;kH rSm rif;uGe;f wdy#d u ½Sw d myJ}
][kwyf gh bk&m;}
]y&d,wf&UJ xdyq f ;kH [m rSm;wmacsyzdYk tpGr;f t½Sq d ;kH jzpfEikd f
w,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]y&d,wf&UJ xdyq f ;kH udk onftrSm;jywJt h aeeJY w&m;pGw J myg
yJ}
]onftrSm;udk y&d,wfeJYacsEdkifvsif-acsvdkY qdkvdkwmvm;
bk&m;}

738 ÓPuxm
]tJonft"dygÜ ,fvnf; ½Syd gw,f}

]0ef;odck EÅ;D q&mawmfBu;D udak wmh bmjzpfvYkd pGw J mvJ bk&m;}
]tJonfq&mawmfBu;D u y#dywfausmaf ZmrI ½Sw d ,f? tJ'geJY
tbd"Zr[m&|*k½b k UJG &cJo
h yl }J
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]onftrSm;udk onfomoemu rusL;vGeb f ;l qdw
k hJ t
aMumif; olUtpGcJ &H wmeJY acsycGihf ay;wJo h abmygyJ}
]wnfawmq&mawmfukd w&m;pGw J mua&m bk&m;}
]tJonfq&mawmfu bmoma&;pma&;q&mbkef;BuD;yJ}
][kwyf gYb&k m;? Ak'"¨ r®avmupmapmifwYkd bmwdrYk mS ygaewJh
q&mawmfyJ}
][kww f ,f? 0ufvuf rpd;k &drOf ;D wdóq&mawmfvnf; onf
vdkyJ}
][kwyf gw,f? tJonfq&mawmfpmawGvnf; zwfz;l aewm
ygyJ}
]q&mawmfawG[m ajymwwfçqdw k wf? a&;wwfçcRww f wf½dS
wJh q&mawmfawGy}J
]OD;Zif;wdYk wifjywJh ]onfomoemBu;D rSm;aeygw,f}-qdw k hJ
tqdu k kd olw[ Ykd m tmvQmtoGuq f ;kH acsyEdik pf &m½Sw
d hJ bke;f Bu;D awG
yJ}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 739
]onfbek ;f Bu;D awG[m ]wdrYk ajymvdYk wdrYk acsywmyg/ wdaYk jym

vsif acsyrSmaygY}-vdYk ajymr,fqv kd sif ajymp&m½Sw d ,f}
][kwyf gw,f? olwu Ykd uavmifyikd ½f iS af wGqakd wmh ajymEdik f
wmaygY bk&m;}
]olrsm;awGuvnf; onfvykd J jrifp&m½Sw d ,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfawmh 'geJpY yfNy;D olwu Ykd kd acsycGihf jzpfay:apcsiw f ,f/
acsyp&m½Svd sif aumif;aumif;acsyEdik w f hJ pGr;f tifawG ½So
d al wGvYkd
vnf; todtrSwjf yKxu kd o f al wG jzpfw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gaMumifh olwu Ykd vkd nf; pGv J u kd w f mygyJ}
]bkef;BuD;u onfjyóemudk tawmfay:apcsifyHkyJaemf}
]onfomoemrSm onfjyóemay:rSyJ touf0ifrmS yJ}
]tckvnf; ½Sio f efjzpfxeG ;f aewmyJ r[kwv f m; bk&m;}
]tJonfvkd rxifMuygeJ}Y
]onfomoem[m tajctaet&yf&yf&UJ 0g;rsKd ru I kd t
vG,w f ulcaH e&wm od&vdrrhf ,f}
]bkef;BuD;pum;u eufoGm;NyD}
]tJ'gaygh}
]wynfhawmfwdkYodatmif enf;enf;ajymygOD; bk&m;}
]onfomoemudk b,f0g'rqdu k 0g;rsKd aeMuw,f}

740 ÓPuxm
]b,f0g'u 0g;rsKd vv Ykd J bk&m;}

]tdE, d´ rSm [dEL´ u 0g;rsKd wmudk yXrqH;k cH&w,f}
]tJ'g? bke;f Bu;D b,fvv kd yk Nf y;D odovJb&k m;}
]tdE, d´ rSm onfuaeY Ak'b ¨ mom[m jyzdYk cyf½mS ;½Sm;jzpfae
wm oufaoyJ}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]'gèAk'b ¨ momudk [dEL´ 0g;rsKd c&H wmyJaygh}
]tdE, d´ u [dEL´ wd&Yk UJ e,fajryJ r[kwb f ;l vm; bk&m;}
]bk&m;vufxufu Ak'0¨ g'[m [dEL´ jA[®PawG vIyv f rYkd &
atmif csKyEf ikd cf whJ m odMu&r,f}
][kw&f UJ vm; bk&m;}
]tck? [dEL´ 0g'[m tJonfwek ;f u [dEL´ 0g'ygyJ? bk&m;r½Sw d hJ
aemufrS ay:vmwJh [dEL´ 0g'r[kwyf gbl;}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]tJonf[dE´LawGudk yGifhopfp Ak'¨0g'u acszsufEdkifcJhwm
tvGefxif½Sm;ygw,f}
]xif½mS ;yHk enf;enf;ajymygOD; bk&m;}
]bk&m;yGiNhf y;D ESpaf ygif;wpf&mausmf ESp&f mtwGi;f rSm Ak'0¨ g'
[m tdE, d´ &JU a&SUwef;ta&mufq;kH bmomwpf&yftjzpf a&mufchJ
wm[m oufaoaygY}
][dEL´ udk rEdik cf v
hJ sif wnfp&m r½Sw d mawmh taotcsmaygY
bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 741
]onfvjkd zpfvsuef YJ emvE´rmS Ak'b ¨ momygarmu©csKyu f

[dEL´ ausmif;om; ud&k ifwpfyg;udk 0g'NyKd iyf JG ½H;I cJ&h w,fqw kd m ordik ;f
twdtus½Sdw,f}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]tJonfupNy;D Ak'b ¨ mom&JUt½H;I [m tdE, d´ qH;k wJt h xdvYkd
ajym&rvdkyJ}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]tdE, d´ A[du k Ak'b ¨ momawGukd [dEL´ awGu wdu k x
f wk Ef ikd f
cJhMuw,f}
]bke;f Bu;D awG b,fomG ;Mu&ovJ bk&m;}
]tdE,d´ tpGet f zsm;eJY wjcm;awGaygY}
]b,fawGvJ bk&m;}
]ygupöwef? tmz*ef? blwef? eDayg? b*Fvm;a'h&Sf? wdbuf?
w½ky?f rav;½Sm;? tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;awGvYkd tMurf;zsi;f ajym&rSmyJ}
]onfvdkvm; bk&m;}
]tpGet f zsm;awGawmif Ak'b ¨ momtjzpf t,l0g'rSm rm;
rm;rwfrwf &yfEikd w f yYJ kH r½Sw d m awGU&w,f}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]y&dwv f v kd ?kd ur®0gvdv k ?kd *gxmvdv
k ?kd rEÅev
f v kd akd wGeYJ bk&m;
&JU w&m;awGudk BuD;yGm;atmif? atmifjrifatmif? ab;uif;atmif?
vmbf&atmif? rsuEf mS yGiahf tmif tppawG vkyaf y;aeMuyHyk }J
]bmawGvyk &f vdv Yk J bk&m;}

742 ÓPuxm
]Armjynfyk*Hu t&nf;awGudk MunfhEdkifw,f/ 'gawG[m

jrefrmjynfjzpfawG r[kwb f ;l / qufMunfw
h o
hJ al wGu qufMunfh
awmh wEÅ&awG? rEÅ&awG&UJ tqufawGtjzpf awGUMu&w,f}
onfaeY omoemvnf; y&dwrf EÅeaf wG vkyaf ewmyJaemf
bk&m;}
]tif;èenf;enf;awmh ydkw,fajym&rSmyg}
]bmawGvJbk&m;}
]a&pufcsçtrQa0 oDvay;olay;aygY}
]'gyJvm; bk&m;}
]pmoifçpmcs? w&m;jyçw&m;a[mawGa&m bk&m;}
]pmoifpmcsawGu w&m;jyçw&m;a[mEdkifzdkYawGyg}
][kwfygw,f}
]w&m;jyçw&m;a[mawGu a&pufcs? trQa0? oDvay;?
qkay;awG vkyfzdkYawGyg}
]bke;f Bu;D yJb&k m;? 'gawGtjyif bmvkypf &m½Svd v
Ykd J bk&m;}
]r½Sdygbl;}
]'gqdkvsif 'gawGvkyfaeNyDyJbk&m;}
]rvkyb f ;l yJ ajym&rSmyg}
]bmrS rjzpfvyYkd g}
]bmjzpf&rSmvJ bk&m;}
]0drkwåd}

ÓPuxm 743
]tJ'g bmvJ bk&m;}

]vGwaf jrmufrI edAmÁ efcsr;f omyJ}
]'gawmh bk&m;}
]bmajymcsifwmvJ}
]bke;f Bu;D awG[m olwaYkd wmif r&Edik Mf uwmyJ}
]onfbmomw&m;rSm onf&p&mu yHjk yifvm;}
]onfvakd wmh b,f[w k rf vJaygh bk&m;}
]onfvq kd vkd sif bmomw&m;u jyZmwfxu J bmomw&m;
vm;}
]'gvnf; b,f[w k rf vJaygY bk&m;}
]jyZmwf u-aewmvnf;r[kwv f si?f yHjk yifxu
J &p&mqdk
wmawGvnf; r[kwaf wmhvsif &p&m&rS jzpfawmhraygY}
]bkef;BuD;ajymawmhvnf; [kwfwmyJ}
]onfvdkuav;awmh awG;zdkYraumif;bl;vm;}
]aumif;ygw,f bk&m;}
]onfvq kd vkd sif ar;cGe;f wpfck ajzMunfMh uprf;yg}
]ar;yg bk&m;}
]bmrSrjzpfwmudk vkyaf ewm[m ]vkyaf ew,f}-ajymEdik yf gY
rvm;}
]rajymEdik b f ;l aygh bk&m;}
]Ak'b
¨ mom[m vkypf &mawG? odp&mawG trsKd ;rsKd ;½Srd mS jzpf
ayrJY &p&m[m wpfcw k nf;yJ½w dS ,f}

744 ÓPuxm
]tJ'g bmvJ bk&m;}

]0drkwådyJvm;}
]edAmÁ efcsr;f omaygh bk&m;}
][kww f ,f? tJ'g Ak'b ¨ mom0ifawG&UJ wpfcw k nf;aom
qdkufa&mufp&myJ}
]'gr&vsif Ak'¨bmomqDu bmrS &wmr½Sdawmhbl;vm;
bk&m;}
]r½Sdawmhbl;}
]vlçewfçjA[®ma&m bk&m;}
]Ak'b ¨ momu tJ'gawG &p&mvdYk rajymbl;/ tJ'gawG[m
Ak'b
¨ mom&JU &p&mawG r[kwb f ;l qdv
k wkd m}
]tJ'gawG Ak'b ¨ momu ra[mbl;vm; bk&m;}
]ra[mbl;awmh r[kwfbl;}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]vlb0? ewfb0? jA[®mb0awG[m usiBf u;D awGeYJ wlw,f/
tJ'gawG[m i&J? Nyw d må ? tol&u,f tyg,fb0awG[m ½G½H mS puf
qkwpf &m b0awGjzpfovdyk /J MuufçiSuu f siBf u;D ? acG;ç0ufusiBf u;D ?
vlusiBf u;D ? onfvykd J uGmw,f/ usiBf u;D csi;f twly/J pufqw k zf ,G f
csi;f vnf; twlyv J -Ykd a[mwm½Swd ,f}
]½Si;f wmyJ bk&m;}
]Ak'b ¨ mom&JU &p&ma&mufp&mxJrmS tJ'gawGrygbl;/ wpfck
wnf;½Sdwm? tJ'g edAÁmefyJ/ tJ'gr&? bmrSr&-yJ/ bmrSr&vsif

ÓPuxm 745
bmtvkyf-vkyfvkyf bmrSr[kwfbJ r[kwfvm;}

][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]Ak'b ¨ mom[m [dEL´ udEk ikd cf o YJ m;qdNk y;D bmjzpfv½Ykd ;HI &wmvJ
bk&m;}
]bmrSrvky?f bmrSr[kwf jzpfomG ;vdaYk ygY}
]b,fvdkjzpfoGm;wmvJ bk&m;}
]Ak'b ¨ momawG[m Ak'b ¨ mom&JU wpfcw k nf;jzpfwhJ &p&m
edAmÁ efukd yHjk yifxJ xnfv h u kd Mf uw,f}
]b,fvakd Mumifh xnfw h mvJ bk&m;}
]wu,f&atmif rvkyfEdkifawmhvdkYaygY}
]wu,f rvkyfEdkifMuawmhbl;vm;}
]edAmÁ efa&mufatmif wu,fAh 'k b ¨ momurS vkyEf ikd w f myJ}
]emvE´mwuúov kd f usq;kH wJah cwfu Ak'b ¨ momu wu,fh
Ak'b
¨ mom r[kwv f Ykd bmAk'b ¨ momvJ bk&m;}
]jyZmwfxJu Ak'¨bmomyJ}
]bk&m;}
]rtHhMoygeJY}
]emvE´mrSm bke;f Bu;D wpfaomif;avmuf½w dS ,fqykd J bk&m;}
]jyZmwf[m Zmwfaumifawmh ½S&d rSmaygh/ enf;wmçrsm;wm
u Zmwfvrf;tavsmufaygY}
]em;rvnfaygif bk&m;}
]w&m;rodvsif em;rvnfEdkifbl;}

746 ÓPuxm
]tJ'gawmh enf;enf;½Si;f ay;ygOD; bk&m;}

]onfjyZmwftzGUJ udk b,fol axmifay;cJw h mvdYk odMuo
vm;}
]jyZmwfreS ;f awmif rodygbl; bk&m;}
][kwfrSmyJ}
]b,foal xmifay;cJw h mvJ bk&m;}
]a&wGif;ça&uefeJY ausmif;awGçbk&m;awGaygif; ½Spfaomif;
av;axmifw&Ykd UJ 'g,dumBu;D av}
]oD&d"r®maomurif;vm; bk&m;}
]at;ayghAsm}
]tJ'g omoemjyKrif;Bu;D yJ bk&m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]oloY moem oljyKomG ;wmyJ/ bk&m;omoemudk jyKomG ;wm
awmh r[kwfcJhbl;}
]olèY omoemvdYk ½Sad o;vm; bk&m;}
]½Sdw,f}
]tJ'gu bmvJb&k m;}
]y&rw¬opöm}
]tJ'g bk&m;omoemyJ r[kwv f m; bk&m;}
]b,fuvm}
]bk&m;omoemu b,f[mvJ bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 747
]t&d,opöm}
]b,fvdkuGmvdkYvJ bk&m;}
]rdk;eJYajrBuD;}
]b,fvx kd ;l vdv
Yk J bk&m;}
]rdcif&ifjyifuEdeYk YJ csKd vrd vf ykd J xl;w,f}
]vkyyf gOD; bk&m;}
]rdcifEaYkd &m? csKd vrd af &m uav;tidw k wd af tmif wwfEikd Mf u
w,f r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfèopömESpfyg;vHk; umruvGwfapEdkifMuw,f}
]'gèwlyakH ygY bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]rwlyHku b,fvdkvJ bk&m;}
]rdcifEu Ykd uav;Bu;D xGm;apvdrrhf ,f? csKd vrd u f uav;udk
Adkufemapvdrfhr,f}
]vkyyf gOD; bk&m;}
]y&rw¬opömu vluo kd o
H &mxJ qGEJ pS vf rd rhf ,f? t&d,opöm
u vluo kd oH &mu vGwaf pvdrrhf ,f}
][mèbk&m;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]y&rw¬opömu b,fvdkqGJESpfrSmvJ bk&m;}
]y&rw¬opömyGm;vsif vl½OdS ;D rvm;}

748 ÓPuxm
]r½Sb d ;l aygh bk&m;}

]vlr½Sv d sif vlpY nf;urf;½SOd ;D rvm;}
]r½SEd ikd af wmhb;l aygY bk&m;}
]vlpY nf;urf;xm;ao;vsif vl½v dS aYkd ygh? vl½vdS sif y&rwfrjrif
ao;vdkYyJaemf}
]½Si;f ygNyD bk&m;}
]vlpY nf;rxm;ol[m vlawGtay: rusL;vGeaf tmif b,f
vdkvkyfrvJ}
][kwfygYèbk&m;}
]vlawGukd todtrSwrf jyKwmeJY vlpY nf; todtrSwrf jyKwm
awG ud, k w f ikd u f vlawGtay: usL;vGerf v I yk w
f mawG jzpfaeMuNyD
r[kwfvm;}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]usLvGefwm[m b0yJ-r[kwfbl;vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]b0[m b0&JUtusKd ;awG&rSmyJ r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]b0&JUtusKd ;awG[m wPSmOyg'gefawG jzpfaprSmawG r
[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gqdk ur®0#fç0dygu0#fçudavom0#f? 0#ftqufquf oH
o&mjzpfNyDr[kwfvm;}

ÓPuxm 749
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]t&d,opömu vl½çdS r½Sd pum;rajymbl;}
]bmajymwmvJ bk&m;}
]usL;vGefwJhtrIawGudk ajymw,f}
]b,fvakd jymwmvJ bk&m;}
]½Sod vm;? Nird ;f ovm;yJ}
]½Sv
d sif b,fvakd jymovJ bk&m;}
]'ku©}
]r½Sv d siaf &m bk&m;}
]eda&m"-vdaYk ygY}
]edAmÁ efvaYkd jymwmvm; bk&m;}
][kwfygY}
]tJ'gqdk vGeu f sL;rINird ;f vsif edAmÁ efaygY bk&m;}
][kwfygY
]vGefusL;rINidrf;vsif wynfhawmfwdkY vGwfajrmufrI&NyDaygh
bk&m;}
][kwfyghAsm;}
]y&rw¬opöm[m usL;vGerf aI wGxJ vnfapwJo h pömyJ}
][kwfygh}
]tJonfopömudk t&d,opöm vkyrf w d m[m edAmÁ efukd yHjk yif
xJuypön;f jzpfatmif vkyrf w
d maygY}
][kwfygY}

750 ÓPuxm
]y&rw¬opömudk t&d,opömvkyNf y;D xrf;aqmifMuwmawG

[m Ak'b ¨ momjyZmwf awGyaJ ygY}
][kwfygY}
]tHMh op&myJ bk&m;}
]0rf;enf;p&mBuD;yg}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]'gaMumifah ygY-}
]vkyyf gOD; bk&m;}
][dEL´ awG jyefacgif;axmifEikd w
f m}
]t&d,opömraysmufvsif [dEL´ udk Edik rf vm;bk&m;}
]EdkifNyDvm;}
]t&d,opömudk tckèjyefxal xmifEikd v f siaf &m [dEL´ udEk ikd Of ;D
rvm; bk&m;}
][dE´Lawmifrubl;}
]bmawGygEdkifrSmvJbk&m;}
]rlpvifa&m? c&pf,mefa&m? uGejf rLepfa&m? 'Dru kd a&pDa&m
tm;vH;k ½So
d rQawGukd Edik rf ,f}
]tJ'gawGuakd wmh wynfah wmfwu Ykd r½H;I bl;cJah o;bl;xifyg
&JU bk&m;}
]½HI;cJhzl;wmaygY}
]b,fwek ;f u ½H;I cJ&h wmvJ bk&m;}
]tdE´d,e,fpGefe,fzsm;awG[m tckbmawGjzpfaeovJ}

ÓPuxm 751
]ygupöwef? tmz*ef? b*Fvm;awGu rlqvifjzpfaeMuyg

w,f}
]tJ'gawG[m Ak'b ¨ momu rlqvifukd ½H;I xm;&wJh ouf
aoawGyJ}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]rlqvifu tdE, d´ xJ0ifwt hJ cg A[drk mS ½Sw d hJ [dEL´ udk rlqvif
u rrsKd Eikd bf ;l ? e,fpeG u f Ak'b ¨ momawGyJ rlqvifawG rsKd Eikd Mf u
w,f/ rav;awG? tif'akd wGvnf; onfvykd ?J Ak'b ¨ mom awGukd
rlqvifawGrsdKwmyJ}
]c&pf,mefu wynfah wmfwu Ykd kd rsKd ao;vm;bk&m;}
]rsdKwmaygY}
]b,frmS vJ bk&m;}
]oD[dkVfrSm}
]oD[Vkd Af 'k b ¨ momu pOfqufrjywf tm;aumif;cJw h mr
[kwfbl;vm;}
]r[kwfbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]'wfcsfawGvkyfwm ,Jh,JhusefwJhtxdyJ? pG,fawmftppfqdk
vsif trIeu Yf swd Nf y;D avvTichf &H w,f}
]uGejf rLepfpepfua&m bk&m;}
]w½ky?f rGe*f v kd ;D ,m;? ud;k &D;,m;? AD,uferfeYJ avm? uarÇm'D;
,m; Ak'b ¨ momawG aysmufysucf w hJ my:}

752 ÓPuxm
]'Drdkua&pD aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfua&m bk&m;}

]*syef?awmifu&kd ;D ,m;?xdik 0f rf? onfEikd if aH wG&UJ Ak'b ¨ mom
yrmPawG[m xif½mS ;wmawGy}J
]b,fvjkd zpfvv Ykd J bk&m;}
]olww Ykd awG&UJ &ifxrJ mS Ak'b¨ mom&JUae&m[m b,favmuf
tus,t f 0ef; ½Sad o;vJv?Ykd Ak'b ¨ momu olwv Ykd tkd ifukd b,f
avmufjznfhay;Edkifao;vJvdkY? qdkvdkygw,f}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]Ak'b ¨ mom&JUyrmP? pdwZå uav;eJY Munfv h rYkd &bl;}
]vufawGUMunfhvsif wdkufwdkif;½HI;bmom jzpfaewmygyJ}
]bmrSrvky?f bmrSr[kww f hJ t&mwd&Yk UJ "r®wm[m 'gyJ}
]0rf;enf;p&mBu;D bk&m;}
]odyf0rf;renf;MueJY}
]onfhxuf0rf;enf;p&m rusefbJaerSmpdk;vdkY}
]onfhxuf0rf;enf;p&m ½Sdao;ovm;bk&m;}
]½Sdw,f}
]bmvJ bk&m;}
]Ak'b¨ mom[m t,ltqvdaYk c:wJh tpfZif;(ism)wdkif;udk
t½H;I ay;&wmavmuf ruygbl;}
]vkyyf gOD; bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 753
]vlom;&JU Bu;D pGmaomtEÅ&m,fjzpfwhJ &efou l kd tvkyt f

auR;jyKaeygw,f qdw k myg}
]bk&m;}
]onfaeY Ak'b ¨ mom b,frmS ½So d vJ 'gudMk unf&h r,f}
]b,frmS ½Sv d v Ykd J bk&m;}
]jynfolawG "r®todr<u,fbJ bmom&JUtokH;cscHjzpfaewJY
Edik if aH wGrmS ½Sad ew,f/ *syefçxdik ;f çuarÁm'D;,m;çoD[Vkd pf onfaygY}
]bmjzpfvYkd onfvjkd zpf&wmvJ bk&m;}
]jynfou l kd vTr;f rd;k tkypf ;kd vdo
k al wGu jynfoal wG&UJ "r®tay:
todr<u,fbJ rodE;kd em;rIukd tcGiahf umif;,lNy;D jynfou l ;kd uG,f
wmudk zdu;kd uG,Nf y;D ? bmoma&;udk tok;H csMuvdyYk }J
]bmoma&;u toHk;cHvdkYvm;}
]tJ'gaygY? vTr;f rd;k tkypf ;kd olawGukd tvkyt f auR;jyKwmaygh/
'gqdkawmh ydkrqdk;bl;vm;}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]Ak'b¨ mom[m ewf½;l ajrm§ ufwhJ AHv k rkd sKd ; jzpf&w,fqakd wmh
aozdkY aumif;awmhwmaygY}
]bk&m;udk tm;emzdaYk umif;wmaygh bk&m;}
]Ak'b¨ momud;k uG,&f wJh vlawGtwGuyf J Munfyh gOD;}
][kwfygYèbk&m;}
]ud,k ahf owGi;f udk wl;ae&olawGvkd jzpfraebl;vm;}

754 ÓPuxm
]trSeaf ygY bk&m;}

]b,favmuf tonf;eif&h ifemp&m aumif;ovJ}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]'gawGaMumifah ygY}
]wifygY bk&m;}
]tckpv JG u
kd w
f hJ pGcJ suaf wG[m onfjyóemawG ay:apcsif
wmaygY}
]onfjyóemawGu tay:rcHEdkifwmawG jzpfaeNyDeJY wl
w,f}
][kwfwmaygY}
]'gawGecYJ sn;f b0awG xlaxmifMuwm tm;vH;k yJ}
]bk&ifawGajymwJh pum;wpfcvk kd jzpfaew,fxifygY bk&m;}
]b,fvdkajymvdkYvJ}
]igaorS ighvufeufukd &r,fvyYkd J bk&m;}
][kww f ,f? vufeufu tJonfoal wGtwGuf toufyJ
r[kwvf m;/ toufukd olwu Ykd vufeufxrJ mS xnfx h m;wmyJ}
][kwfygYèbk&m;}
]onfuolawGuvnf; bk&m;rajymwJph um;awG ajymqd&k
wm[m olwt Ykd ouf jzpfaew,f/ tJonfxrJ mS yJ olwtYkd oufukd
xnfx
h m;w,f/ onfawmh tJ'gawGukd toufay;umuG,rf nfh
taetxm;rSm ½Sdw,f}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 755
]'gawGaMumifh onfjyóemudyk aG tmifawmh zGr,fvYkd qH;k

jzwfNy;D b,ft&if;tES;D ay;&çay;&qdNk y;D rD;uke, f rf;ukef vkyv
f ukd f
wmyJ}
]'gaMumifh urÇmat;u ñTeMf um;a&;rSL;awGyg ygukew f m
xifw,f}
][kww f ,f? bke;f Bu;D u acwfynmrwwfvYkd ajymp&mjzpf
aerSmpd;k vdYk ajymp&mruseaf tmif uavmifvnf;ydik Mf u? acwfynm
vnf; bGUJ vGeaf wGtxd wwfMuolawG? 'gudk pdwaf t;vufat;
oifMum;wwfajrmufxm;MuwJh ynmawGeYJ acsyMuygapqdNk y;D pGJ
vdkufwmyJ}
]av;a,mufBu;D u bmjzpfvv Ykd yk v
f u
kd wf mvJ bk&m;}
]wpfa,mufwnf;qdv k sif tjypfwifc&H ovdjk zpfNy;D t½Su&f
tm;i,fjzpfcsif jzpfaer,f? onfvdk rjzpfapcsifbl;? 'geJY ½SmazGNyD;?
awGUorQukd pGv J u
kd w
f myJ}
]bke;f Bu;D &JUpGcJ suaf wGu rm&JUvm;}
]edum,fig;&yfvHk;u axmufcHxm;wmawGyJ}
]okweå af ygif; b,favmufvb J &k m;}
]q,fokwf}
]onfavmufxif½mS ;wm olwu Ykd bmjzpfvYkd razmfMuwmvJ
bk&m;}
]ud, k bhf momw&m;udk bmjzpfaew,fvYkd pOf;pm;&aumif;
rSe;f rodMuvdyYk gyJ}

756 ÓPuxm
]bmjzpfvYkd onfvjkd zpfae&wmvJ bk&m;}

]r,l&rJY *kPef vYJ mbftausmt f apmud, k Nl y;D ,l&rnf*h P
k ef YJ
vmbfurkd ausmaf tmif r,lvyYkd gyJ}
],l&r,fh *kPef v YJ mbfu bmvJb&k m;}
]oDvçorm"dçynmç0drw k edå YJ 0drw
k Odå mP'óe*kPef YJ avmu
Bu;D Bu;D yGm;wd;k wufraI wG &atmif ,lwmawG[m vmbfawGygyJ}

ÓPuxm 757
wwd,tkyf
½SiÓ
f P

758 ÓPuxm

ÓPuxm 759
rmwdum
trSwf pmrsuf
pOf taMumif;t&m
ESm
rmwdum 759
tcef;(9) 763
"r®0[d m&Dtjzpf cH,Nl y;D aemuf
ajymaompum;rsm;
96/ rif;vGiNf cüH ajymaom ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g'Ak'b ¨ mompum; 765
97/ rif;vGiNf cüH wwd,tBurd af jymaom "r®0[ d m&DypHk H 795
pum;
98/ wdik ;f omoema&;rSL;ESit hf zGUJ tm; ajymaompum; 803
99/ OD;xGe;f ñGet Yf m;ajymaom omrnoabmw&m; 808
pum;
100/ vGeaf usmpf cef;ü &JbufwpfO;D tm;ajymaom axmifcs 816
ykpH um;
101/ "m;jyrIjzifaY xmifusow l pfO;D tm;ajymaom wkw"f m; 829
rvmykpH um;
102/ xGe;f xGe;f OD;tm;ajymaom ud, k v
f yk w
f mud, k jf yef& 835
pum;
103/ wynfw h pfO;D tm;ajymaom tvkyüf pdwx f m;zdpYk um; 842
104/ &JbufwpfO;D tm;ajymaom uHtaMumif;pum; 845

760 ÓPuxm
rmwdum(tquf)
trSwf pmrsuf
pOf taMumif;t&m
ESm
105/ Edik if aH &;rIvil ,frsm;tm;ajymaom Ak'a¨ y;aomtod 851
pum;
106/ w&m;cGiw f iG f wdik ;f vufaxmufomoema&;rSL;tm; 869
ar;aom y#da0"pum;
107/ OD;0if;armifEiS hf rdwaf qGrsm;tm; ajymaom t&nf; 873
aus;Zl;pum;
108/ OD;pHwikd ;f tm;ajymaom tjyma&mifouFe;f pum; 901
109/ uRef;awmvS½Gmü ajymaom wdkif;wmp&maywH 906
pum;
110/ OD;*kPtm;ajymaom rvkyb f pJ w
d rf ul;eJpY um; 915
111/ "r®0[ d m&DeD a':oDvtm;ajymaom vrf;nTepf um; 918
112/ aMumifyef;w&m;orm;uav;tm;ajymaom vlxJ 923
rSmvl½mS pum;
113/ ykvJNrdKUtv,fbHk½GmrS vli,fwpfOD;tm;ajymaom 930
w&m;rl;pum;
114/ wynfZh eD;armifEt HS m;ajymaom &efrjzpfenf;pum; 932
115/ ayyifpkausmif;ü q&maX;tm; ajymaom tewå 946
pum;
116/ OD;ausmfpdeftm;ajymaom udk;uG,frIvGwfvyfcGifY 950
pum;

ÓPuxm 761
rmwdum(tqkH;)
trSwf pmrsuf
pOf taMumif;t&m
ESm
117/ rdk;jymausmif;ü OD;cspfzG,ftm;ajymaom arG;aeY 959
pum;
118/ ausmufvHk;BuD;pcef;ü OD;Z#dvtm;ajymaom OD;Z 961
#dvAdrmefpum;
119/ OD;oef;armifESifYajr;tm; ajymaom udk,fydkiftrSef 965
pum;
120/ &efuek üf OD;atmifvidI w f t
Ykd m;ajymaom bk&mYw&m; 969
opfarT;pum;
121/ w½kyt f rsKd ;orD;Bu;D wpfO;D tm;ajymaom ud, k u
Yf ,
kd &f 989
atmif,l pum;
122/ jynfNrKd U?a½Tvifyef;awm&ausmif;ü ajymaom wPSm 995
t&aumufpum;
123/ rd;k jymausmif;ü ZD;uke;f OD;vSjrift h m; ajymaom r,m; 1020
ESpOf ;D pum;
124/ rd;k jymausmif;ü a':wifwiftm;ajymaom tarY*l 1029
pum;
125/ OD;ode;f xGe;f tm;ajymaom *rÇ&D ESiaYf x&0g' pum; 1031
126/ rd;k n§i;f NrKd UrS rMunfNrKd it
f m; ajymaom bduL© eDov D 1037
pum;

762 ÓPuxm

ÓPuxm 763
tcef;(9)
"r®0d[m&Dtjzpf cH,lNyD;aemuf
ajymaompum;rsm;

764 ÓPuxm

ÓPuxm 765
tcef;(9)
"r®0[
d m&Dtjzpf cH,Nl yD;aemuf ajymaompum;rsm;
96/ ykord Bf u;D NrKd U? ykPmÖ ;uke;f ½Gm? rif;vGiNf cüH rEÅav;NrKd UESihf teD;
ywf0ef;usirf S 'umç'umrwdt Yk m; ½SiÓ f Pajymaom
ypöKyeÜ u
f r®0g'Ak'b ¨ mom pum;
]'umç'umrwdu Yk kd onfaeYonf&ufrmS OD;Zif;wdu Yk kd vm

awGUMuzdaYk c:wmudk tckvkd vmMuwmtwGuf OD;Zif;wdYk 0rf;omyg
w,f}
]wynfah wmfwv Ykd nf; awGU&rnfw h m0ef ½Sw d t
hJ wdik ;f tckvkd
vmawGU&jcif;jzpfygw,f bk&m;}
]OD;Zif;wduYk kd tckvakd wGU&wmtwGuf txl;tHMh owmrsKd ; jzpf
Mur,fvYkd rxifygbl;}
]onfvv kd yk rf ,fqw kd m wynfah wmfwYkd odMuNy;D om; jzpfyg
w,f bk&m;}
][kww f ,f? OD;Zif;wdu Yk A[d0k ed pd ,ä apm'emvTmydw Yk ek ;f uyJ
Edik if aH wmf oHCem,uqDukd ydcYk w hJ phJ mudk odMurSmxifygw,f}
]odMuygw,f bk&m;}
]tJonfxrJ mS OD;Zif;wdu Yk oHCmhem,uudk ajymcJw h ,f/
OD;Zif;wdt Yk aMumif; rodao;vsif OD;Zif;wdu Yk kd oHCmhem,utzGUJ eJY
jzpfap? tzGUJ xJu wpfyg;yg;eJjY zpfap? odrYk [kwv f sivf nf; oHCmh

766 ÓPuxm
em,u,Hak om b,fynm½Sirf sm;eJjY zpfap pum;ajymMunfah pcsif

aMumif;eJY atmufygar;cGe;f awGukd rajzEdik af p&efEiS hf onfuajzwm
udk ruefu Y u G Ef ikd af p&ef jyKvyk jf yrSmjzpfaMumif; pdeaf c:wm odMu
rSmygyJ}
]odMuygw,f bk&m;}
]'gawG[m olweYkd OYJ ;D Zif;wd&Yk UJ jcm;em;csuaf wGyg? 'gudk OD;Zif;
wdbYk ufu wm0efausw,f xifygw,f}
]olwdkY ac:rar;Mubl;vm;}
]rar;Muygbl;}
]bmjzpfvYkd rac:wmvJ bk&m;}
]olwYkd pdwrf 0ifpm;vdv Yk sivf nf; jzpfrmS ygyJ/ 'grSr[kwf vkyf
xH;k xJrmS rygwmrdv Yk siv f nf; jzpfrmS ygyJ}
]bke;f Bu;D wdb Yk ufu ajymqdak qmif½u G rf aI wG[m vdt k yfwm
r½Sad vmufygbl; bk&m;}
]apm'empmwrf; ed*;kH tjzpf OD;Zif;wdaYk jympum;awGvnf;
'umwdYk owdxm;rdMurSmyg}
]odMuygw,f bk&m;}
]tJonfrmS tjypf wu,fr½Sw d m xif½mS ;vsuef YJ atmuf½;kH
awGutwdik ;f tjypf½w dS ,f vkyv f siaf wmh ax&0g'oHCmabmifrmS
bmrS vkypf &mr½Sjd zpfNy/D 'gaMumifY tjypf½adS Mumif;qH;k jzwfzYkd n§Ed iId ;f
wdik yf ifNy;D csed uf pNy;D wynfah wmfwYkd ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ mom tjzpfukd
ausmcdik ;f Ny;D jzpfaMumif; today;Ny;D om; jzpfw,faemf}

ÓPuxm 767
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}

]tck azaz:0g&Dv (10)&ufaeYnaeuyJ OD;Zif;wdu Yk kd ax&
0g' oHCmhA[d0k ed pd , ä u pwkwy¬ g&mZdujzpfaMumif; qH;k jzwfMu
w,f/ tJ'gvnf; odNy;D MurSmjzpfw,f}
]odMuygw,f bk&m;}
]OD;Zif;wdu Yk vnf; tJonfnrSmyJ onfNcu H v kd mcJNh y;D nt
csed rf mS tckv0kd wf½akH wG vJvu kd Mf uwm jzpfw,f/ tJ'gvnf; 'umç
'umrwdu Yk kd OD;Zif;wdu Yk today;ygw,f}
]odMuNy;D ygNyD bk&m;}
]vGecf whJ &hJ ufyikd ;f uyJ OD;Zif;wduYk ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ mom NrKd U
e,foC H mhem,u (ppfuikd ;f )udk w&m;0ifpmwrf; ydcYk NYJ y;D ygNy/D rdwLå
awGvnf; tvHt k avmufyJ urÇmat;eJY tpd;k &ygwD? tm;vH;k qD
ydNYk y;D ygNy}D
]OD;Zif;wdkY[m ax&0g'Ak'¨bmomtjzpfudk ausmcdkif;NyD;
]ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g' Ak'b ¨ mom} tjzpf &yfwnfomG ;Nyq D wkd t hJ aMumif;ygyJ}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]onfawmh 'umwdu Yk v kd nf; w&m;0ifajym&ygr,f}
]ajymyg bk&m;}
]ajym&rSmu tcsuEf pS cf suyf gyJ}
]bmawGvJ bk&m;}
]yXrwpfcsuu f ajymcJNh y;D wJt
h wdik ;f OD;Zif;wd[ Yk m ax&0g'

768 ÓPuxm
Ak'b ¨ mom &[ef;tjzpfukd ausmcdik ;f cJMh uNy/D ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g'Ak'b

¨ m
om "r®0[ d m&Dtjzpfukd cH,cl MhJ uNyq D w kd mudk w&m;0iftoday;wJh
tcsufygyJ}
]ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ mom &[ef;qdw k mu bmvJ bk&m;}
]cifAsm;wdYk ud;k uG,q f nf;uyfMuwJh OD;Zif;wdv Yk nf; aecJwh hJ
t0ga&mifouFe;f 0wf &[ef;awGv-Ykd ajymvsif vHak vmufr,f xif
ygw,f/ tJ'gygyJ}
]½Si;f p&m½Sv
d sif 'gvnf;½Si;f ygOD; bk&m;}
]'gu toGief aYJ jymvdu k w
f phJ um;yg/ wu,fu toGiu f
y"me r[kwyf gbl;? tusit hf Buu H ykd J ajym&rSmyg}
]tusit hf Buu H b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]y&rw¬opömvdik ;f u w&m;"r®vcYkd , H Nl y;D igçolpwJh orkwd
opömawG[m ouúm,'d|ad wG jrifNy;D a½SUaemufb0awGepYJ yfNy;D oH;k
oyfw0hJ g'? usiBhf uw H 0hJ g'½So
d al wG jzpfygw,f}
]'gyJvm; bk&m;}
]'gu ay:vGif½Hk ajymvdkufwmyg}
]twdtusuav; ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ mom-qdw k mudk ajymp&m
½Sad o;vsif ajymygOD;bk&m;}
]bk&m;rajymwJh pum;awGajymwJh Ak'b ¨ mom[m ax&0g'
Ak'¨bmomygyJ}
]bk&m;rajymwmawGu bmawGvJ bk&m;}
]tJ'g tAsmuxe q,fcsu½f w dS ,f}

ÓPuxm 769
]bmawGvJ bk&m;}
]tJ'g a&wGujf yr,f}
(1) aemifb0jzpf?
(2) aemifb0rjzpf?
(3) wpfcsKd Ujzpf wpfcsKd Urjzpf?
(4) jzpfwmr[kw?f rjzpfwmvnf;r[kw?f
(5) touf[mud, k ef t YJ wl?
(6) touf[mudk,feJYoD;jcm;?
(7) vl[m t½Sjd zpfw,f?
(8) vl[m r½Sdbl;?
(9) vl[m tqH;k ½Sw d ,f}
(10) vl[m tqk;H r½S?d
]bk&m;u tJonfpum;q,fceG ;f rajymbl;vm; bk&m;}

][kwfw,f}
]oluom ÓPfBu;D ½Sirf Ykd rajymwmvm; bk&m;/ wynfah wmf
wdv
Yk nf; rajym&bl;vm;}
]ÓPfBu;D ½Sirf Ykd rajymwmr[kwb f ;l / rrSevf rYkd ajym&wmyJ
wynfah wGvnf; rajym&bl;}
]rSm;w,fqw kd t hJ aMumif; ajymwmawG½&dS UJ vm; bk&m;}
]trsm;tjym;yJ ½Sw d ,f}
]b,fvakd wGvJ bk&m;}

770 ÓPuxm
]&m*udk ruif;apbl;/ 'ku©udk rcsKyfapbl;/ eD0&PawG

rNird ;f apbl;/ 0dZmÆ ÓPfawG rjzpfapbl;/ edAmÁ efra&mufapbl; tpp
awGyJ}
]tJ'g q,fc?k wpfcck u k kd uyfa&mufo;kH oyfwhJ oabmw&m;
rjzpf&bl; qdv k wkd mvm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]onfq,frsKd ;?wpfrsKd ;rsKd ;uyfa&muf oH;k oyfw0hJ g'[m ax&
0g'aygY bk&m;/ tJonf0g' aqmifNy;D aewJh &[ef;udk ax&0g'Ak'¨
bmom&[ef;aygY bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]tJonf0g'½Sw d hJ &[ef;tjzpfu pGev Yf w T w f maygh}
][kwyf gw,f/ tJonf0g'½Sw d hJ &[ef;tjzpfu pGew Yf myg/
onfv0kd g'udak zmfjywJh t,lawGuv kd nf; pGe&Yf zdYk ½Syd gw,f/ 'gaMumifh
tJonf0g'½Siaf wG&UJ 0wfqifypkH aH wGyg pGev Yf u kd wf m jzpfygw,f}
]wynfah wmfwYkd odcsiw f mu bk&m;wynfo h m0ueJY tJonf
olawG usi&hf rnft h usiahf wGukd pGeçYf rpGeyYf gyJ}
]bk&mYwynfhom0utjzpf b,fpGefYrvJ}? tJonfolawG
usifh&rnfh tusifhawGvnf; b,fpGefYrvJ}
]onfvq kd vkd sif bke;f Bu;D wdpYk eG w
Yf m[m Ak'b ¨ momoHCmudk
r[kwfbJ ]ax&0g' oHCm*dP k ;f }yJ jzpfw,faygh}
][kwfygw,f}
]wynfah wmfwYkd tck tcsuEf pS cf suf em;vnfomG ;ygNy}D

ÓPuxm 771
]bmawGvJ}
]yXrtcsuu f bke;f Bu;D wd[ Yk m Ak'o¨ m0uoHCmhabmifukd
rpGeb Yf ;l / ax&0g'Ak'o ¨ m0uoHCmudo k m pGew Yf mjzpfw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]'kw, d tcsuu f Ak'o ¨ m0uoHCm[m rajym&wJh pum;
q,fcGef;eJY ruyfa&mufroHk;oyfwJh w&m;"r®udk wnfaqmufNyD;?
ax&0g'Ak'o ¨ m0u oHCm[m rajym&wJph um;q,fceG ;f rSm uyf
a&mufo;kH oyfwhJ w&m;"r® wnfaqmufw,fqw kd m-ygyJ}
][kwfygw,f? OD;Zif;ajymcsifwJh yXrwpfcsufudk 'umwdkY
em;vnfoGm;MuygNyD}
]'kwd,today;csifwJhtcsuf qufrdefYMum;ygOD;bk&m;}
]tJ'guawmh 'umç'umrwdeYk YJ OD;Zif;wd&Yk UJ qufqaH &;yJ}
]ajymygbk&m;}
]OD;Zif;wdYk ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ mom oHCmtjzpf aexdik pf Ofu
q&m'umtjzpf a&muf½cdS o hJ al wGygyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]tckawmh OD;Zif;wdu Yk tJonfb0udk ausmcdik ;f Ny;D MuNyD jzpf
wJt h wGuf q&m'umtjzpf ½Sad o;w,fvw Ykd u
G v f sif rjynfph w kH t
hJ
wGuf jzpfygr,f/ 'gaMumifh 'umwdeYk YJ OD;Zif;wd&Yk UJ tJonfb0u
awmfpyfcsuu f vkd nf; tJonfb0eJt Y wl aemufausmbufrmS usef
cJNh yv
D yYkd J OD;Zif;wdu Yk rSw, f Ml uygw,f/ 'umwdu Yk OD;Zif;wd&Yk UJ ypöKyeÜ f
ur®0g'"r®0[ d m&Dtjzpfukd qufpyfv&kd if; ½SMd urSyJ q&m'umtod

772 ÓPuxm
&Edik Mf uvdrrhf ,fvYkd rSw, f yl gw,f/ tJonfvkd OD;Zif;wdb Yk 0eJY quf

pyfv&kd if;½SMd uvsif ½Sw d mudk OD;Zif;wdu Yk kd today;Mu&ygr,f/ tJonf
vdk today;csu&f oluykd J OD;Zif;wd&Yk UJ 'umtjzpf todtrSwf jyKyg&
ap qdkwmyJ}
]"r®0[ d m&Dqnf;uyfot l jzpf avQmufxm;oluo kd m 'umç
'umrtjzpf qufqaH y;awmhr,fvYkd aMujimwmr[kwv f m;bk&m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tvGeo f ifjh rwfygw,f bk&m;}
]bkef;BuD;wdkY pm;0wfaea&;eJYpyfNyD; b,fvdktpDtpOfawG
pdwu f ;l xm;ygovJ bk&m;}
]tckawmh onfNcrH mS yJ awmif;qdNk y;D aevdu k w
f ,f/ pm;wm
vnf; olwaYkd uR;wmyJ pm;vdu k w f ,f/ Nc½H iS w
f &Ykd UJ {nfo h nftjzpf
aewmyJ/ Nc½H iS 'f umBu;D u onfaeYryS J &efuek u f a&mufw,f/ olY
usecf o hJ al wG ajymNy;D aevdu k w f myJ}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]tem*wfeJYpyfvdkYawmh 'umç'umr r½Sdawmhbl;qdkvsif
ud,k b hf 0 ud, k zf efw;D aezdYk pdwu f ;l xm;ygw,f}
]bmvkyaf erSmvJ bk&m;}
]ud, k b hf 0eJY oifah wmf&mudk vky&f rSmygyJ}
]'umç'umr ½Sw d ,fqv kd siaf &m bk&m;}
]½Sad o;vsif olwaYkd uR;wm pm;OD;r,f/ 'gayrJY qGr;f cHpm;zdYk
awmh pdwrf ul;awmhb;l }

ÓPuxm 773
]b,fvdkvkyfrSmvJ bk&m;}
]ud,k b hf 0udk a0,sm0pöu& wpfa,mufxrH mS tyfEx HS m;
r,f/ olauR;wmudk pm;r,fvyYkd /J r½Sb d ;l qdv k sif ud, k v
f nf;½Sm&rSmyJ
vdyYk gyJ}
]tJonf a0,sm0pöu&tjzpf b,fou Yl xkd m;rSmvJ bk&m;}
],lvdkoludkaygh}
]wynfah wmf Nc½H iS f 'umwifv h iG yf g/ "r®0[ d m&Dukd qnf;uyf
oltjzpf q&mawmfu todtrSwf jyKay;yg/ aemufwpfcsuv f nf;
q&mawmf&UJ a0,sm0pöu& tjzpfvnf; wynfah wmfaqmif½u G cf iG hf
&yg&ap}
]aumif;NyAD sm? 'umBu;D OD;wifv h iG u
f kd onfEpS cf v k ;kH tod
trSwfjyKygw,f}
]wynfah wmfwYkd 'umç'umrawGuvnf; "r®0[ d m&DOygo
umawGtjzpf "r®0[ d m&Dwu Ykd kd qnf;uyfygw,fb&k m;/onfrmS rvm
MuwJh qufpyfoal wGuv kd nf; onfu q&mawmfred MYf um;csuf o
abmxm;udk ajymjyMuygr,f/ olwu Ykd qnf;uyfcsiw f ,fqv kd sif
pmeJjY zpfap? wpfqifjh zpfap avQmufxm;today;vsif jzpfvm;bk&m;}
]jzpfygw,f od&zdyYk gyJ}
]aumif;ygNyb D &k m;? q&mawmf pm;0wfaea&;eJpY yfNy;D wynfh
awmfwYkd b,fvakd qmif½u G &f rvJ bk&m;}
]tJ'guawmh a0,sm0pöu&tjzpf ,lomG ;NyjD zpfwhJ OD;wifh
vGief YJ olt Y rd o
f m;rsm;udyk J wdik yf if&rSmjzpfygw,f/ olweYkd yYJ J qufqH

774 ÓPuxm
MuzdkYaygh}
]aumif;ygNyb D &k m;? wynfah wmfwu Ykd kd tAsmuxe tcsuf
awGeYJ rqufpyf rywfoufwhJ ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g'Ak'b ¨ momw&m;awGeYJ
qufpyfNy;D qH;k ray;zdYk wynfah wmfwu Ykd avQmufxm;awmif;qdyk g
w,f bk&m;? tJ'gtwGuf q&mawmfuBuKd ;pm;yg bk&m;}
]aumif;vSygNyD}
]wynfah wmfwYkd a&mufvmMuwJv h al wG&UJ ud, k pf m; wynfh
awmfu q&mawmfukd avQmufxm;p&m½Sw d muav;awG avQmuf
xm;yg&ap bk&m;}
]ajymyg}
]wynfah wmfwu Ykd "r®0[d m&Dq&mawmfwu Ykd kd csO;f uyfMuol
awGqakd wmh "r®0[ d m&DawGu ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g'Ak'b ¨ momawG jzpfMu
wJhtwdkif; wynfhawmfwdkYuvnf; ypöKyÜefur®0g'Ak'¨bmomawG
jzpfNyaD ygY bk&m;}
][kwfwmyJ}
]onfawmh wynfah wmfwu Ykd ud, k q f nf;uyfwhJ ypöKyeÜ u f r®
0g' Ak'b ¨ momudk acsmacsmarmarm em;vnfzeYkd YJ ½Si;f jycGiBhf uKH wt hJ cg
½Si;f jyEdik zf Ykd vdNk yaD ygh bk&m;}
][kwfwmaygh}
]onfawmh ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g' Ak'b ¨ momeJpY yfNy;D wynfah wmfwYkd
udk odaeatmif ½Si;f ay;xm;OD;rSyJ bk&m;}
]OD;Zif;wdYk a[mcJo h rQ w&m;"r®awG[m ypöKyÜefur® "r®awG

ÓPuxm 775
csnf;ygyJ}
]tJonfwkef;u ypöKyÜefur®"r®awGudk a[mayrJY ypöKyÜefur®
0g'vdYk trnfrcHwmu ypöKyeÜ u f r®"r®ukd ax&0g'u rjiif;qefao;
awmh ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g'vdYk oD;jcm; trnfrcHwmyJ jzpfygw,f}
][kwrf mS yg bk&m;}
]tckvkd ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ momu ypöKyeÜ u f r®"r®ukd jywfom;pGm
jiif;y,fvu kd wf hJ tcgrSmawmh OD;Zif;wdu Yk ud, k &f yfwnfwhJ "r®&UJ
trnfukd ud, k u f ;kd uG,w
f b hJ mom&JU trnftjzpf cH,v l u
kd w
f thJ
wGuf OD;Zif;wdkYu ]ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g'Ak'b ¨ mom}-vdYk jzpfomG ;wmyg}
]ypöKyÜefur®0g'Ak'¨bmom}-qdkwJh trnf[m a½S;u½SdcJhwJh
trnfvm;/ tckrS bke;f Bu;D wdu Yk ac:vdu k w f t hJ rnfvm;}
]tckrS ac:vdkufwJhtrnfyg? 'gayrJY-}
]trde½Yf ydS g bk&m;}
]bk&m;[m ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g'D jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh bk&m;[m
ypöKyeÜ uf r®0g'udk a[majym wnfaqmufygw,f/ olb Y momqdak wmh
tJonfbmom[m ]ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g' Ak'b ¨ mom}-ygyJ}
]a½S;u bmaMumifh onfvrkd ac:wmvJ bk&m;}
]Ak'b¨ momvdYk ac:vdu k v f sif jynfph akH ewJt h wGuf rvdt k yf
vdyYk gyJ}
]tckawmh bmaMumifah c:&wmvJ bk&m;}
]vdktyfvmvdkYygyJ}

776 ÓPuxm
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]Ak'b ¨ momwpfrsKd ;wnf; ½Sw d ek ;f uawmh Ak'b
¨ momvdyYk J ac:
vduk v f sif jynfph ykH gw,f/ tck Ak'b ¨ momu OD;Zif;wdYk rsuaf rSmufrmS
ESprf sKd ;jzpfvmawmh ud, k thf rsKd ;&JUtrnfawG jznfah c:&awmhwmygyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]oltY rsKd ;udv k nf; Ak'b ¨ momvdYk omrefrac:awmhbJ ax&
0g'Ak'¨bmomvdkY ac:&w,fr[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]ud, k t hf rsKd ;tpm; Ak'b ¨ momudak wmh ]ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g'Ak'b ¨ m
om}-vdYk ac:&awmhwmygyJ}
]ESpfrsdK;uGJatmifaygh-bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]ax&0g'Ak'¨bmomuawmh a½S;utrnfvm;}
][kww f ,f? a½S;uqdv k nf; bk&m;vufxufuawmh r[kwf
bl;aygh}
]tJonfemrnfu olwYkd b,fv&kd wmvJ bk&m;}
]tJonfemrnfu bk&m;r½Sw d ahJ emuf ESpw
f pf&mavmufrmS
oH*g,emwifNy;D oHCm*dP k ;f uGMJ uw,f/ onfawmh Ak'b ¨ momu
ESpcf jk zpfomG ;w,f ajym&rSmaygY}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]onfawmh Ak'b ¨ momvdYk omrefac:vdYk r&awmhb;l / b,f
Ak'b¨ momvdYk ruGjJ ym;vdyYk /J 'gaMumifh odomatmif *dP k ;f ESpcf v
k ;kH rSmyJ

ÓPuxm 777
ud,
k yf ikd ef mrnfawG ,lMu&w,f}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]Ak'o¨ m0uoHCm*dP k ;f wpfcu k r[m,me-vdYk ,lvu kd Mf u
w,f}
]emrnft"dygÜ ,fu b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]vrf;BuD;Ak'¨bmom? ,mOfBuD;Ak'¨bmomaygh}
]Bu;D rm;wJh o,f,yl aYkd qmifa&; Ak'b ¨ momvm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]usew f AhJ 'k b
¨ momu ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ momvdeYk mrnf,w l ,f}
]t"dygÜ ,fu bmvJb&k m;}
]rax&fBu;D wdYk tqdt k rdeaYf tmufrmS ½Sw d hJ Ak'b ¨ momaygh}
]tckvnf; tJonfA'k b ¨ momESprf sKd ;vH;k ½S&d UJ vm; bk&m;}
]½Sdw,f}
]jrefrmjynfbek ;f Bu;D awGu bmawGv/J wjcm;Ak'b ¨ momu
b,frSmvJ}
]jrefrmawGu ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ momawGy/J r[m,me Ak'b ¨ m
omawGu w½ky?f *syefawG-pwmawGy}J
]wynfah wmfwq Ykd rD mS wpfcyk ½J o dS vm;}
][kwyf gw,f/ r[m,me½Sw d mu enf;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
vlawG rodMubl;}
]'gaMumifh Ak'b ¨ momqdw k m wpfcw k nf; wynfah wmfwu Ykd
odaeMuwm}

778 ÓPuxm
][kww f ,f? Ak'b ¨ momESpcf rk ½Sad wmh wpfcu k v

kd nf; emrnf
wyf rac:Muawmhwt hJ wGuf onfA'k b ¨ mom&JUemrnf rodMuwm
yg}
]tck tJonfA'k b ¨ momu q&mawmfwu Ykd xGuv f u kd af wmh
tJonf Ak'¨bmomudk emrnfwyf ac:&awmhrSmaygh}
][kww f ,f? ax&0g'vdYk ac:&awmhrmS yg/ usKyw f Ykd Ak'b ¨ m
omudv k nf; Ak'b ¨ momvdYk omrefrac:bJ ]ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g'}-vdYk ac:&
rSmyg}
]tJonfEpS cf v k ;kH [m Ak'b ¨ momaygh}
]Ak'&¨ UJ wynfo h m0utjzpfukd OD;ñTwMf uolawGqakd wmh Ak'¨
bmom vdkY rSwf,lMuolawGaygh}
]wu,f Ak'b ¨ momtjzpf ESpOf ;D vH;k rjzpfEikd b f ;l vm;}
]b,fjzpfEdkifrvJ}
]onfvq kd v
kd sif wu,fAh 'k b ¨ momu b,fov l J bk&m;}
]tJ'g ajymvdb Yk ,fjzpfrvJ}
]ax&0g'uvnf; ajymrSmyJ}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]olwo Ykd m Ak'b ¨ momtppf-vdaYk ygY}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g'uvnf; ajymrSmyJ}
]b,fvakd jymrSmvJ bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 779
]olwdkYurS tppfvdkYaygY}
]'gaMumifh 'gudak jymvdrYk jzpfb;l ajymwmvm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]tusKd ;taMumif;awmh ajym&rSmaygY bk&m;}
]'gawmh ajymaeMuwmyJ}
]b,fvakd jymvdv Yk J bk&m;}
]uH,Hkol[m wrvGefudk vufcH&r,fqdkwm ax&0g'u
rajymbl;vm;}
]ajymwmaygY bk&m;}
]tJ'g olw0Ykd g' usKd ;aMumif;csuv f uf ajymwmyJ}
]ypöKyeÜ u
f r®0g'u b,fvu kd sKd ;aMumif;csuvf uf ajymovJ
bk&m;}
]uH,Hkol[m vlrSmuHvnfywfrI odol? wrvGefrajymol
jzpf&r,fvYkd ajymaewmyJ r[kwv f m;/ 'g olwaYkd jymwJh aMumif;usKd ;
csufvufyJaygY}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]'gudk avhvmolu b,f[m obm0usçrus ppfaq;vuf
cHzdkYyJaygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJonfxrJ mS uH[m wrvGeq f ufpyfwmrS obm0us
w,f xifcsio f vl nf; xifrmS yJ? uH[m vltwGi;f vnfywfro I m
obm0usw,f xifcsifoluvnf; xifrSmyJ}

780 ÓPuxm
]wu,f obm0usçrusuawmh olwrYkd mS ½Sw d hJ tawGUtBuKH

awGeYJ wdik ;f ,l&rSmvm; bk&m;}
]'gyJaygY}
]ax&0g'eJY ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g' xl;jcm;csuu f kd q&mawmfajymcJyh g
w,f}
][kwfw,f}
]jyefajymygOD; bk&m;}
]bk&m;rajymwJh pum;q,fceG ;f udk uyfa&mufo;kH oyfwhJ
todtjrif t,ltq½Sw d hJ 0g'[m ax&0g'aygY [kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]bk&m;rajymwJh pum;q,fceG ;f udk ruyfa&mufroH;k oyfyJ
todtjrif t,ltq½Sw d hJ 0g'[m ypöKyeÜ u
f r®0g'aygY [kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]bk&m;rajymwJh pum;q,fceG ;f qdw k ma&m rSwrf rd vm;}
]rSwfrdygw,f}
]wrvGeef pYJ yfvYkd av;cGe;f ? toufepYJ yfvYkd ESpcf eG ;f ? vlEiS phf yfvYkd
av;cGef;aemf}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJ'gawGrmS uyfa&mufo;kH oyfyekH YJ ruyfa&muf roH;k oyfykH
awmh odNyDvm;}
]tJ'g enf;enf;vkyfOD;rSyJ bk&m;}
]aoNy;D aemuf jzpfrmS ? rjzpfrmS ? wpfcsKd UjzpfçwpfcsKd Urjzpf? jzpfrmS

ÓPuxm 781
vnf; r[kwçf rjzpfrmS vnf; r[kw?f onft,lawG[m wrvGeaf wG

yJaemf}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJ'gawGrmS uyfa&mufw,fqw kd mu tJonfvkd jzpfrmS udk
tajccHxm;wm yJaygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]oH;k oyfw,fqw kd mu onfypöKyeÜ rf mS tusit hf BuH azmfwm
yJaygh}
]wrvGeu f t
kd ajccHNy;D tusit hf BuaH wG vkyw f maygh bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]onfvdkqdkvsif wynfhawmfwdkY ypöKyÜefur®0g'Ak'¨bmom
rjzpfcifu bmvkyv f yk f wrvGet f ajccHNy;D usiBhf uw H myJ}
]qGr;f çouFe;f çausmif;çaq; ypön;f av;yg;yJvLS vSL? ig;yg;ç½Spf
yg; tppoDvawGyJ aqmufwnfaqmufwnf bk&m;zl;? ykw;D pdy?f
w&m;xdik ?f bm0emyGm;yGm; wrvGeu f kd tajccHMuw,f}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;/ tyg,fwcH g;ydwcf siw f m? edAmÁ efwcH g;
zGifhcsifwmawGaygY}
]tJonfjzpfcsiw f mawGu aemifwrvGeaf wGyJ r[kwv f m;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]tusit hf Buq H w kd mvnf; 'geç oDvç bm0em? 'gyJ r[kwf
vm;}
][kwfygw,f}

782 ÓPuxm
]onfo;kH ckv;kH rSm wrvGeyf g&w,f? tJ'g[m ax&0g'Ak'¨

bmom&JU xif½mS ;wJh trSwt f om; vu©PmyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g' Ak'b ¨ momu wrvGev f nf; uyfa&mufo;kH
oyfwm rvkyb f ;l / toufuv kd nf; uyfa&mufo;kH oyfwm rvkyf
bl;/ vluv kd nf; uyfa&mufo;kH oyfwm rvkyb f ;l }
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]wrvGe½f jdS cif;çr½Sjd cif;[m w&m;eJrY qufpyf rywfoufb;l /
touf[m ud, k ef rYJ wl jzpfjcif;[mvnf; onfvykd J w&m;eJrY quf
pyf rywfoufb;l / vlt½Sjd zpfçrjzpfeYJ qH;k çrqH;k [mvnf; w&m;eJY
rqufpyf rywfoufb;l / 'gaMumifh tJ'gawGukd ruyfa&mufb;l /
tJ'gawGukd taMumif;cHNy;D w&m;"r® tusit hf Buv H nf; rvkyb
f ;l }
]wrvGeu f kd rSND y;D w&m;"r®ukd rwnfaqmufb;l / toufeYJ
vlukd rSND y;D w&m;"r®ukd rwnfaqmufb;l }-qdv k wkd mvm; bk&m;}
]'gaygY}
]onfvq kd vkd sif w&m;"r®ukd bmeJw Y nfaqmufovJ bk&m;}
]uH}-eJYyJ}
]ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g'awG[m ]uH}-yJ Munfjh rifo;kH oyfw,faygY
bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]'gay:atmif enf;enf;½Si;f ygOD; bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 783
]w&m;½H;k rSm w&m;olBu;D wpfa,muf[m w&m;cHwpfO;D OD;udk

jypfrI usL;eJrY usL;udk bmeJu Y yfa&mufo;kH oyfovJ}
]ajymygOD; bk&m;}
]wrvGefrSm uyfa&mufoHk;oyfwmvm;}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]touf[m ud, k ef t YJ wlwrl mS uyfa&mufo;kH oyfovm;}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]w&m;cH½Sdçr½Sd? qHk;çrqHk;rSm uyfa&mufoHk;oyfovm;}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]bmrSm uyfa&mufo;kH oyfovJ}
]oljyKwt hJ rIrmS uyfa&mufo;kH oyf&rSmvm; bk&m;}
][kwfwmaygY}
]onfvq kd akd wmh bk&m;rajymwJph um;q,fcsuu f vGww f m
aygY bk&m;}
]vGwfwmaygY”}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]ypöKyeÜ u
f r®0g'Ak'b ¨ momuvnf; oljyKwu hJ u H ykd J vGeo
f
vm;çrvGefbl;vm; Munfhawmh-bk&m;rajymwJhpum;awG oHk;oyf
uyfa&mufao;vm;}
]ra&mufb;l aygY bk&m;? 'gayrJ-Y }
]ajymyg}
]w&m;udk b,fvw kd nfaqmufrmS vJ bk&m;}

784 ÓPuxm
]vGev f sif bmjzpfovJ? rvGev f sif bmjzpfovJqw kd m Munfh

awmh jrifwmaygY}
]vGev f sif bmjzpfovJ bk&m;}
]'ku©-aygY}
]rvGev f siaf &m bk&m;}
]eda&m"-aygY}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]vGev f sif bmaMumifv h eG w f mvJ?rvGev f sif bmaMumifh rvGef
wmvJ Munfah wmh jrifrmS yJr[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]vGefwm bmaMumifhvGefwmvJ}
]NidaevdkY}
]rvGew f m bmaMumifv h }J
]odaevdaYk ygY bk&m;}
]Niw d m&JUemrnfu ork',? odwm&JUemrnfu r*¾y}J
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]uHMunfah wmh tAsmuxeawGeYJ ruyfa&muf? roH;k oyfwhJ
tjyif opömav;csuaf v;yg; rjrifb;l vm;}
]jrifwmyJ bk&m;}
]onfvjkd rifo[ l m rNird ;f wm BuKd urf vm;? Nird ;f wm BuKd urf
vm;}
]Nird ;f wmaygY bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 785
]Nird ;f wmBuKd uof [ l m Nird ;f aMumif;yGm;rvm;? rNird ;f aMumif;

yGm;rvm;}
]Nidrf;aMumif;aygY bk&m;}
]Nird ;f aMumif;[m Niw d mvm;? odwmvm;}
]odwmaygY bk&m;}
]odwmyGm;vsif Niw d mjzpfrvm;? odwmjzpfrvm;}
]odwmyJaygY bk&m;}
]odvsif Nird ;f rvm;? rNird ;f bl;vm;}
]Nird ;f wmaygY bk&m;}
]Nird ;f wm[m vGwaf jrmufwm&JUemrnfvm;? rvGwaf jrmuf
wm&JU emrnfvm;}
]vGwaf jrmufwmaygY bk&m;}
]'g&vsif Ak'¨bmomudpöNyD;NyDvm;? rNyD;ao;bl;vm;}
]Ny;D NyaD ygh bk&m;}
]ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g'Ak'b ¨ mom[m w&m;"r®ukd onfvkd wnf
aqmufw,f}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]wrvGefeJY wnfaqmufovm;}
]raqmufygbl;}
]toufeJYaum}
]raqmufygbl; bk&m;}
]vleaYJ &m wnfaqmufovm;}

786 ÓPuxm
]raqmufygbl;}
]bmeJY wnfaqmufovJ}
]uHeyYJ g bk&m;}
]uHeJYwnfaqmufvdkY vlYudpöNyD;qHk;&JUvm;}
]vGwv f yfNyyD J bk&m;? vlu Y pd Nö y;D NyD ajym&rSmaygY}
]vGwv f yfwm vlu Y pd Nö y;D w,f ac:Edik &f UJ vm;}
]ac:Edik yf gw,f bk&m;}
][kwf&JUvm;}
]vlawGrmS wjcm;½SmrS;D &wmawG r½Sb d ;l vm;}
]½Sdygw,f}
]bmawGvJ}
]a½TçaiGçOpömçtmPm*kPo f &d ef YJ tausmaf pmawGaygY bk&m;}
]vGwv f yfwm 'gawG&wmrS r[kwb f ?J udpNö y;D w,f b,fvkd
ajymrvJ}
]'gawGu rvGwv f yforl mS vdw k mawGyg bk&m;/ vGwv f yf
vsif 'gawGrvdyk gbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]'gawGu vGwv f yfrw I nfaqmufzYkd tpdwt f ydik ;f (ypön;f )
awGyg? vGwv f yfru I kd 'gawGeaYJ qmufzYkd 'gawG½mS wmom jzpfygw,f}
]pm;0wfaea&; use;f rma&;a&m b,fxm;rvJ}
]vGwv f yfo[ l m vGwv f yfraI MumifY avmueJY rjiif;ckyH gbl;/

ÓPuxm 787
avmuuom olYudkjiif;ckHcsif jiif;ckHrSmyg? onfawmh vlawG[m

trsm;tm;jzifh olrY w d af qGawG jzpfMurSmyg}
][kwfwmyJ}
]rdwaf qGawG½o dS [ l m bmudrk S tm;rxnf&h bJ atmifjrifrmS
jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh pm;0wfaea&;awGvnf; udpNö y;D rSmyJ jzpfyg
w,f}
]vGwv f yfo[ l m tJonfvkd jzpfrmS ygyJ/ 'gayrJh tJonf
avmuf ajymwmawmh enf;enf;avsm&h vdrrhf ,f}
]vlawGem;vnfrI rSm;ukerf mS pd;k vdyYk g}
]b,fvrkd mS ;rSmvJ bk&m;}
]vGwv f yfvsif bmrSvyk zf rYkd vdak wmhb;l qdw k mrsKd ;aygY}
]onfawmh vGwfvyfwmudk b,fvdkajym&rvJ bk&m;}
]vGwfvyfwm[m vludk vltNyDoqHk; jzpfatmif wnf
aqmufrI udpNö y;D w,fvyYkd J qdzk yYkd gyJ}
]vGwv f yfo[ l m vltNyo D qH;k ol jzpfw,f-vdv Yk m; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]vlNyo D w,fqw kd m b,fv[ kd mvJ bk&m;}
]vlNyo D ol[m olyY wf0ef;usiv f al wG tay:rSm ol&Y ydik cf iG hf
eJo
Y l vky&f rnfw h m0efukd od½v dS yk af qmifol jzpfygw,f}
]'gyJvm; bk&m;}
]'gyJ}

788 ÓPuxm
]onfavmufeYJ avmurSm jzpfygYrvm;}

]&NyD}
][kwyf gYrvm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]tJ'g enf;enf;ajymygOD; bk&m;}
]avmurSm vlawG[m olyY wf0ef;usix f uJ oltvdv k m;qH;k
t&mudk jyygqdv k sif rrSm;r,Gi;f jywJo
h [
l m vljzpfw,fvyYkd J jyvdrhf
r,f}
]vl[m vludktcspfqHk;aygY}
][kwrf mS yg bk&m;}
]'gayrJY onfaeYjzpfae&wmu vl[m olu Y kd 'kut© ay;Edik f
qH;k t&mudk jyygqdv k sif rvGaJ tmifjyol[m vlyjJ yvdrrhf ,f}
][kwfwmyJ}
]onfawmh vl[mvlukd taMumufq;kH vnf; jzpfae&w,f}
][kwfwmyJ}
]onfawmh aumufcsucf svsif vl[m vlujkd rwfE;kd w,f?
vludkaMumufwmvnf; jzpfw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]bmjzpfvdkY jrwfEdk;wmvJar;vsif olYtusdK;NyD;pD;aprIrSm
toH;k tusq;kH jzpfvyYkd }J
][kwfw,f}

ÓPuxm 789
]bmjzpfvYkd aMumufwmvJ ar;vsiv f nf; olUtusKd ;Ny;D pD;rIukd

taESmuf,u S Ef ikd qf ;kH jzpfvyYkd }J
][kww f myJ bk&m;}
]vl[m vlYtwGuf b,fvdkjzpfvdkY toHk;uswmvJar;vsif
wm0efe&YJ ydik cf iG u
hf kd odv-Ykd vdYk ajz&rSmyJ}
][kww f myJ bk&m;}
]vl[mvlt Y wGuf b,fvjkd zpfvYkd taESmift h ,Sujf zpfwmvJ
-ar;vsif wm0efe&YJ ydik cf iG u hf kd rodv-Ykd vdYk ajz&rSmyJ}
][kww f myJ bk&m;}
]wm0efrodo[ l m wm0efxufyNkd y;D jzpfjzpf? avsmNh y;D jzpfjzpf
aqmif½GufrdEdkifw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]&ydik cf iG rhf odou l vnf; onfvykd ?J &ydik cf iG x hf uf tydt k avsmh
&,lraI wG vkyrf Ed ikd w f ,f}
][kwfw,f}
]avmurSm wm0efet YJ cGit
hf a&;udk ausyeG pf mG aqmif½u G o f l
[m vlYrdwfaqG jzpfw,f? vlYtwGuf taESmifht,Sufuif;ol jzpf
w,faygY}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]'gaMumifh onfo[ l m olu Y ,kd o
f vl nf; csr;f ajrah ysm½f iT f
atmif wnfaqmufo?l ywf0ef;usiv f al wGuv kd nf; csr;f ajrah ysm½f iT f
apatmif wnfaqmufov l Ykd ajym&rSm jzpfw,f}

790 ÓPuxm
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}

]onfawmh vGwv f yfr[ I m vluv kd t
Yl vkyaf wG vkyEf ikd zf tYkd
wGuf avhusiNhf y;D wmyJjzpfw,f?onfavmufaygh/ 'g ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g'yJ}
]ypöKyeÜ u
f r®0g'Ak'b ¨ mom[m tAsmuxevdaYk c:wJh bk&m;
rajymwJph um;awGeYJ rywfouf rqufpyfyJ oH;k oyfwmawG jzpf
aMumif; od&ygNy}D
][kwfNyD}
]tAsmuxevdq Yk w kd hJ bk&m;rajymwJh pum;awGu bk&m;
bmaMumifh rajymwmvJ bk&m;}
]aemufem;uvnf; 'gajzcJNh y;D NyyD ?J 'gem;vnfzYkd vG,v f , G f
qdkvsifawmh-}
]vG,v f , G af jymyg bk&m;}
]onfpum;awG[m vltwGuf jyóemr[kww f phJ um;awG
jzpfvyYkd gyJ}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]vlrmS jyóemubmvJ? 'gudk ajzMunf&h r,f}
]b,fvakd jzrvJ bk&m;}
]rvGwfvyfwmaygh}
]bmu rvGwv f yfwmvJ bk&m;}
]ud,k hf ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;kH &JU rSm;,Gi;f vGeu f sL;rIeYJ rSm;,Gi;f vGef
usL;aMumif;? rSm;,Gi;f vGeu f sL;vd&Yk wJh tusKd ;? 'gawG w0Jvnfvnf
jzpfymG ;½Siof efaerI pufuiG ;f u rvGwu f if;wmaygY}

ÓPuxm 791
]oHo&mu-vdYk ajzwmvm; bk&m;}

][kwfw,f}
]0#fu-vdYk ajzvnf; &r,fvm;bk&m;}
]&w,f}
]vljY yóem[m vlu ud, k u hf ,
kd u
f kd rEdik w
f mvdYk ajym&rSmyJ
xifw,f}
][kww f ,f/ onfawmh onfjyóem[m wrvGeb f 0awG
jzpfreI YJ ywfoufygYrvm;}
]rywfoufbl;}
]rjzpfreI YJ onfjyóem ywfoufygYrvm;}
]rywfoufygbl;}
]wpfcsKd Ujzpf wpfcsKd UrjzpfeaYJ &m? jzpfwmvnf; r[kwçf rjzpf
wmvnf; r[kwef aYJ &m onfjyóem ywfoufyghrvm;}
]rywfoufygbl;}
]touf[m udk,feJYtwl jzpfrIçrjzpfrIeJYa&m onfjyóem
ywfoufEdkifao;vm;}
]rywfoufygbl; bk&m;}
]vl[m t½Sjd zpfjcif;çrjzpfjcif;eJaY &m onfjyóem ywfouf
ovm;}
]rywfoufygbl;}
]vl[m tqH;k ½Sjd cif;çr½Sjd cif;eJaY &m onfjyóem ywfouf
rvm;}

792 ÓPuxm
]rywfoufygbl; bk&m;}
]vlrmS ta&;Bu;D wmu onfjyóemyJ/ rvGwv f yfwmBu;D
[m vluzkd pd ;D aew,f? [kw&f UJ vm;}
]tJ'gyJ bk&m;u aysmufapcsiw f m/ tJ'gaysmufzyYkd J bk&m;u
w&m;a[mrSm/ onfawmh tAsmuxexJu wrvGeaf wGjzpfr,f-
tp½Sw d mawG[m onfjyóemeJY bmrSrqdik w f t hJ wGuf rajymwmyJ}
]½Si;f ygw,f bk&m;}
]rvGwv f yfr[
I m vltY wGuf xdyw f ef;ta&;Bu;D qH;k [kwçf
r[kwf pOf;pm;&r,f/ vGwv f yfz[Ykd m vlt
Y wGuf xdyw f ef;ta&;Bu;D
qHk; jzpfw,f-qdkwm od&vsif tJonfjyóemudk arS;rSdefaprnfh
t,ltqawGukd pum;vkyNf y;D rajymbJ ae&r,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]tAsmuxexJu tcsuaf wG[m vlrY vGwv f yfreI YJ vGwf
vyfraI wGukd arS;rSed af ysmufu, G af tmif uzsu, f zsuf t,ltjrif
tcsuftvufawGyJ}
]xif½mS ;ygw,f bk&m;}
]vl[m onfutrIudk rpOf;pm;bJ wrvGefpOf;pm;vsif
onfutrI[m b,fvkd ae&m&awmhrmS vJ}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]touf pOf;pm;aevsijf zpfjzpf? vlt½S[ d w k çf r[kw?f tqk;H ½Sd
[kwçf r[kwf pOf;pm;aevsiaf &m}

ÓPuxm 793
]vlvY w G v f yfr?I rvGwv f yfrjI yóem[m arS;rSed cf &H rSm trSef

ygyJbk&m;}
]bk&m;taeeJY vGwv f yfeYJ rvGwv f yfjyóemudk tarS;rSed f
rcHEdkif&bl;}
]'g[m olo Y pömtuGuyf J bk&m;}
]olu onfopömtuGuu f akd zmfzYkd &nf½, G cf suwf pfcw k nf;eJY
bk&m;tjzpf ,laecJw h m? wjcm;&nf½, G cf su½f w dS m r[kwb f ;l }
]odyBf u;D ay:vGiyf gNyD bk&m;}
]ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g'eJY tAsmuxe cGMJ unfv h rYkd &bl;}
]tJ'gudk ur®0g'vdYk roH;k yJ ypöKyeÜ u f kd bmvdYk onfemrnfrmS
xnfw h mvJ bk&m;}
]bk&m;uawmh ur®0g'jzpfw,fvYkd ol0Y g'udk ajymcJw h mygyJ}
]tckawmh Ak'b ¨ momawG cH,al eMuwJh ur®0g'u [dEL´ wdYk
*sed ;f wdYk cH,w l hJ ur®0g'rsKd ; jzpfaew,f/ tJ'g r[kwb f ;l ? 'gaMumifh
tJ'gawGeYJ uGv J aJG tmif ]ypöKyeÜ }f -vdYk 0daooe xnfah y;vdu k &f wmyJ}
][dEL´ wdYk *sed ;f wd&Yk UJ ur®0g'u b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]twdww f rvGeu f uH&UJ tusKd ;tjzpf onfb0rSmjzpfw,f/
onfb0&JU uHtusKd ;tjzpf tem*wfwrvGerf mS jzpfr,f-vdyYk }J
]olwu Ykd uHay:rSm vlaew,f-ajymvsif &rvm; bk&m;}
]tJ'gaygh}
]Ak'¨bmomuHu uHay:rSm vlraebl;/ vlay:rSm uHu
aew,f}

794 ÓPuxm
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]Ak'b
¨ momuH[m onfaeYA'k b
¨ momavmurSm uG,af e
w,f}
]Ak'v
¨ ufxufuawmh wu,fxeG ;f um;cJw
h m aocsm&JUvm;
bk&m;}
]odyaf ocsmwmaygY?a[mMum;csuaf wG trsm;tjym; ½Sw d ,f}
]bmjzpfvYkd tJ'gawG ray:wmvJ}
]t&d,opömuG,o f mG ;vdYk tzGiahf wGrmS ;zGiw
hf m cHMu&vdYk Ak'¨
bmomuH&UJ xl;jcm;rI rodMuyJ [dEL´ uHawGeYJ a&maewm}
]xl;jcm;wmazmfjyzdYk ypöKyeÜ u
f r®0g'vdYk ac:&wmvm; bk&m;}
]'gyJ}
]'gaMumifh Ak'b
¨ momudk ax&0g'ç r[m,me? bmeJrY rS wl
wJh ]ypöKyeÜ u
f r®0g' Ak'b
¨ mom}-vdkYac:wmvm; bk&m;}
]'gyJ}

ÓPuxm 795
97/ rEÅav;NrKd U? ykord Bf u;D NrKd Ue,f? ykPmÖ ;uke;f ½Gm? rif;vGiNf cüH
rEÅav;ESihf teD;rSvmMuaom 'umç'umrwdt Yk m;
wwd,tBurd f ½SiÓ f Pajymaom "r®0[ d m&DypHk pH um;
]wynfah wmfwu Ykd kd tm;vH;k 'umç'umrwdu Yk ,

kd pf m; q&m
awmfwbYkd 0udk ar;cGijhf yKyg bk&m;}
]ar;yg}
]q&mawmfa[mMum;wJh "r®awGukd wynfah wmfwYkd MunfnKd
Mu&ygw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]'geJt
Y wl q&mawmfwb Ykd 0udv k nf; wynfah wmfwYkd Munf
ndKwmygyJ}
][kwfNyD}
]tJonfawmh q&mawmfwb Ykd 0[m wynfah wmfwb Ykd 0vdyk J
wpfxyfwnf; wpyfwnf; jzpfomG ;ygw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]onfawmh ud, k b hf 0ud, k o f zd Ykd vdo
k vdyk J q&mawmfwYkd b0
udv
k nf; wynfah wmfwo Ykd zd Ykd vdt k yfygw,f}
][kwfwmaygY}
]'gaMumifh wynfah wmfwu Ykd kd q&mawmfwb Ykd 0eJpY yfNy;D odcsif
wmuav;awG ar;cGijhf yKapcsiyf gw,f bk&m;}
]ar;&rSmaygY}

796 ÓPuxm
]yXrqH;k q&mawmfw&Ykd UJ cH,x l m;wJh trnftaMumif; od

yg&apbk&m;}
]"r®0d[m&D}-qdw k m odMuNy;D jzpfrmS yg}
]odMuygw,f bk&m;}
]"r®0[ d m&D-qdw k hJ trnfuawmh ac:a0:vdo Yk m,mwJ?h t"d
yÜg,fu b0eJY [yfrw d t hJ xd½wdS hJ trnfjzpfvYkd trnfwpfct k jzpf
ac:vdkufwmygyJ}
]bke;f Bu;D vdaYk c:vsif rNy;D vdv Yk m; bk&m;}
]onfvv kd nf; Ny;D ygw,f/ wjcm;bmomawGrmS vnf; bke;f
Bu;D yJ ac:MuwmygyJ/ 'gayrJY emrnfowfowfrw S rf wS u f av;½Svd sif
aumif;w,f qdNk y;D ygyJ}
]*dP
k ;f uGaJ wmh emrnfvnf;uGaJ tmifvv Ykd m; bk&m;}
][kwyf gw,f/wjcm;*dP k ;f oHCmawGvnf; onfvykd J emrnf
awG½SdMuygw,f}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]c&pf,mefu bDa½Smv h aYkd c:w,f? rlqvifu armfvq D yfaygY?
[dEL´ u qm'l;? *sed ;f u au0vD? onfvakd wG½w dS ,f}
]'gaMumifh ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g'Ak'b¨ mom bke;f Bu;D u "r®0[ d m&D-
vkyv f u kd wf mvm; bk&m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]"r®0[ d m&Dqw kd ehJ mrnfu t"dygÜ ,f b,fv½kd w dS mvJ bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 797
]w&m;eJYaeol}-vdkYyJ ajym&rSmyg/ tus,fajymvsifawmh

pmxJutwdkif; ajym&vdrfhr,f}
]pmxJu b,fvakd jymvJ bk&m;}
]w&m;awGtrsm;Bu;D a[mavh½w dS m[m "r®0[ d m&D r[kwf
bl;/ pmawGtrsm;BuD; ½Gwfzwfavh½Sdwm? w&m;"r®A[kokwawG
trsm;Bu;D ½Sw d mawG[m "r®0[ d m&Dr[kwb f ;l qdwk mawGygyJ}
]q&mawmfwu Ykd ]pmayawG oif,yl cYkd s ½Gwt f aH vhvm a[m
ajymaewmomru olawG}-qdw k m emrnf owfrw S v f ukd w f maygY
bk&m;}
][kwyf gw,f? bke;f Bu;D b0[m tJ'gawGavmufyJ wm0efvYkd
rSw,f Ml uw,f/ tJ'gawG vkyaf eNyq D vkd sif wm0efausNyv D Ykd xifMu
w,f/ 'gr[kwb f ;l qdw k m emrnfu owday;aeatmifygyJ}
]q&mawmfwYkd 0wf½0kH wfxm;wJh t0wft½Hak wGtaMumif;
enf;enf;trdeYf ½Syd gOD; bk&m;}
]cg;rSm0wfp&m abmif;bDyw G pfxnf? ud, k t f xufyikd ;f 0wf
p&m tusv Ð uf½nS f tyGwpfxnf? tay:uNcKH p&m 0wf½½kH n S wf pf
xnfeJY a&vJacgif;wifp&m tvsm;av;axmifxGm teHESpfawmif
xGm t0wfwpfxnf aygif;-av;xnfygyJ}
]tJonft0wfawG&UJ ta&mifawGu b,fvo kd wfrw S xf m;
wmvJ bk&m;}
]rdk;jyma&mifyJ}
]onfta&mifu b,fvakd Mumifh a½G;vdu k w f mvJ bk&m;}

798 ÓPuxm
]olawmfpifawG[m onfrmS awmh atmufa&mifawGyJ oH;k

Muw,f/ atmufa&mifqw kd m t0gçteDçtndKawGaygY}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]igwd[ Yk m olawmfpiftopfawG jzpfw,f/ topf[m tJ
onf olawmfpifawG&UJ ta&mifukd rrScD akd wmhb;l / olwrYkd ,lwhJ t
xufta&mifawGxu J yJ oifw h m,lr,faygY/ txufta&mifu t
pdr;f çtjymçrJe,fçr&rf;awG r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJonfxu J tpdr;f u ½dik ;f vGe;f rvm;? at;csr;f wJt h jym
xJu rrdiI ;f wJh Munfjymçrd;k jymudyk J a½G;vdu k w f mygyJ}
]txl; bm&nf½G,fao;ovJ}
]olawmfpifawG 0wfaewJhta&mifawG[m opömw&m;&JU
trSww f qH yd af wG jzpfw,f/ 'gayrJY tJonfta&mifawGxrJ mS opöm
½SmzdYk rvG,b f ;l / onfawmh opöm&JU trSww f q H yd t
f jzpf onfèoD;
jcm;ta&mifukd owfrw S rf ,f/ r[kwv f sif olawmfpifawGeYJ rwlwhJ
twGuf jrefjrefysuv f rd rhf ,fvYkd &nf½, G wf ,f}
]tcsKyt f vkyaf wGu onfypkH aH wG bmaMumifjh zpfwmvJ}
]toGio f P²mefvnf; a½S;u olawmfpifawGeYJ rwlcsib f ;l /
onfawmh atmufyikd ;f t0wfukd abmif;bD? txufyikd ;f t0wfukd
tusv Ð ufyeG YJ tay:0wf½u kH kd tus½Ð nS yf BG u;D vdk vkyv f ukd w
f myJ}
]ab;u tBuaH y;Muao;vm; bk&m;}
]ay;Muygw,f}

ÓPuxm 799
]ay;wJt h wdik ;f vdu k Ef ikd &f UJ vm; bk&m;}

]vduk Ef ikd w
f mvnf; vdu k w f ,f/ rvdu k Ef ikd w
f mvnf; jiif;
vdkufaygY}
]onf0wfp&kH UJ t"du&nf½, G cf suu
f olawmfpif0wfpykH J jzpf
&r,f/ a½S;a[mif; vuf½edS v YJ nf; jcm;&r,f/ 'gyJr[kwv f m; bk&m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]olawmfpif0wfpu kH kd b,frmS rS;D ao;vJ bk&m;}
]w½kyb f ek ;f Bu;D awG&UJ tcsKyt f vkyf yHo
k P²mefukd enf;enf;
rS;D w,f/ 'gayrJY ta&mifawmh rrS;D bl;}
]w½kyrf mS tjym½Sw d m rodb;l vm; bk&m;}
]rodb;l èaemifryS o J w d ,f/ ud&k ;D ,m;rSmvnf; ½Sw d ,f/ yk*H
t&nf;awGvnf; tjym0wfcw hJ mod&w,f/ Ny;D awmh bk&m;u tjym
qd;k Edik af Mumif; ynwfcw hJ mvnf; qifjcifrw d ,f/ 'gawGu aemuf
rSyJ}
]tckv0kd wfwmudk bk&m;ucGijhf yKygYrvm; bk&m;}
]cGifhjyKygw,f}
]tJ'g vkyyf gOD;bk&m;}
]urÇmay:rSm Ak'b ¨ mombke;f Bu;D awG trsKd ;rsKd ;½Sw d myJ}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]tJonfbek ;f Bu;D awG 0wfMuwm[m trsKd ;rsKd ;yJ}
][kwfygw,f}

800 ÓPuxm
]tJ'gawG[m bk&m;om0uoHCm Ak'b

¨ mombke;f Bu;D awG
yJ}
]olw0Ykd wfwmudk bk&m;u cGijhf yKygYrvm;}
]jyKygw,f}
]jyKwtYJ aMumif; b,fvo kd &d rSmvJ bk&m;}
]bk&m;u vGefawmfrlcgeD;rSm 0denf;i,fawGudk oHCmu
vdktyfvsif EkwfEdkifw,fvdkY cGifhjyKcJhygw,f}
]Mum;zl;ygw,f bk&m;}
]oH*g,em 'kw, d tBurd rf mS oHCmESpcf k uGcJ w hJ ,f}
]Mum;zl;ygw,f}
]ud,k t hf pkoCH mu oabmwlnñ D w G v f sif 0denf;jyifEikd Mf u
wmaygY}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]aemufyikd ;f omoemrSm *dP k ;f awGuaJG wmh ud, k *fh P
kd ;f eJu
Y ,
kd f
0denf; jyifomG ;MuwmaygY}
]q&mawmfwu Ykd vnf; onfvykd v J m; bk&m;}
][kww f maygY? "r®0[d m&DawG nDñw G Mf uvsif 0denf;udk jyif
Edik yf gw,f/ jyifwmudk bk&m;u cGijhf yKNy;D om;yJ}
]tckvnf; onft0wftqifawGepYJ yfNy;D e*do k uFe;f udk jyif
xm;Muwmvm; bk&m;}
][kwfwmaygY}
]wjcm;0denf;awG bmawGjyifao;ovJ bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 801
]odyrf jyif&ao;ygbl;/ oydwo

f uFe;f ausmaf usmyf J ½Syd gao;
w,f}
]aemifjyifp&m½Sv d siv f nf; jyifrmS yJvm; bk&m;}
]'gaygh? r½So d ifw
h m z,f&rSmaygY}
]wjcm; uHaqmifupd aö wGa&m bk&m;}
]½SNd y;D om;pnf;urf; rjyif&ao;vsif ½SNd y;D om;pnf;urf;t
wdik ;f vduk &f rSmyJ}
]"r®0[ d m&Dtopf vkyw f ma&m bk&m;}
]vkyf&rSmyJ}
]odr0f ifp&modraf &m bk&m;}
]rvdkygbl;}
]odrq f w kd m oHCmrpkEikd v f Ykd pkvv Ykd ,G zf Ykd vkyxf m;&wJt
h &myJ}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]oHCm[m uHwpfcjk yKr,fqv kd sif oHCmpnf;a0;&w,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]jyKwu hJ H ajrmufzt Ykd wGux f rJ mS pnf;a0;wJo h CH mu tpnf;
ta0;ajrmufzYkd vnf; vdt k yfw,f/ tJ'grajrmufvsif aqmifwu hJ H
vnf; rajrmufb;l }
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]pnf;a0;ajrmufzt Ykd wGuf odrrf ½Sv d sif wdu k ef ,fwpfck t
wGi;f ½Sd &[ef;awG vufwpfurf;twGi;f ½Sw d t hJ xd pka0;rd&w,f}

802 ÓPuxm
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}

]tJonf&[ef;awG pnf;a0;&wm vG,af tmif odr-f vkyf
vdkufwmyJ}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]odrx f pJ rk w
d hJ oHCm[m tpnf;ta0;ajrmufvyYkd }J
]wduk ef ,foC H m tukepf Ek ikd v f sif odrrf vdb k ;l aygY bk&m;}
][kww f maygh? "r®0[ d m&Du wpfEikd if v H ;kH rS tenf;uav;½Sd
wmyJ/ bmtpkrpkEikd w f hJ jyóemrS r½Sb d ;l }
]ta&twGuaf &m bk&m;}
]½So
d rQ[m vkyv f &Ykd wm jzpfatmifjyifNy;D todtrSwjf yK&
rSmaygh}
]"r®0[ d m&Dwpfyg;wnf; ½Sv d sif wpfyg;wnf;uyJ "r®0[ d m&D
vkycf siof ul kd vkyaf y;Edik cf iG hf jzpf&rSmaygY}
]'gyJaygh/ 'gawGu "r®0efaqmiftzGJU&JU pnf;rsOf;awGyg/
bk&m;u jyifciG ahf y;cJh Ny;D om;yg}

ÓPuxm 803
98/ rEÅav;? ykord Bf u;D ykPmÖ ;uke;f rif;vGiNf cüH wdik ;f omoem
a&;rSL;ESihf tzGUJ tm; ½SiÓ f Pajymaompum;
]wynfah wmfwu Ykd rEÅav;wdik ;f omoema&;Xmeu OD;pD;rSL;
eJt
Y zGUJ yg? wm0eft& vma&mufavYvmwmyg}
]odcsiw f mawG ar;jref;ajymqdEk ikd yf gw,f}
]b,fvkd aeMuxdik Mf u vkyu f ikd Mf uw,f? b,frmS aew,f?
b,favmufaew,f-qdw k hJ tppuav;awG vmMunfah vYvmwm
ygyJ}
]&ygw,f avYvmyg}
]tJonfrmS "r®0[ d m&Du b,favmuf½NdS yv D }J
]ESpfyg;wnf;ygyJ}
]oabmw&m;uawmh onfpm½Gupf mwrf;awGeYJ odom
ygNy/D b,fvkd pm;aomufMuvJ}
]NcH½Sifu auR;ygw,f/ olYudkawmh 'umç'umrawGu
axmufyHhMurSmygyJ}
]ESpyf g;wnf;qdak wmh enf;enf;yJaemf}
]aemufqv kd siaf wmh rsm;vmrSmaygY}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]"r®0[ d m&DawGu tvkyv f yk rf mS yg/ vlb
Y 0&JU rSeu
f ef&mrSef
uefaMumif;awG vrf;ñTev f yk rf mS aMumifyh gyJ}
]ax&0g'bke;f Bu;D awGvnf; vkyaf eMuwmyJ r[kwv f m;}
]0wfaus½akH vmuf jzpfaew,f}

804 ÓPuxm
]b,fvdkvJ}
]vlawGu tdraf xmifusvYkd tdro f pfwpfv;kH aqmufw,f/
tdro f rd ;f yGv
J yk wf ,f/ vlBu;D vlaumif;awG taeeJY bke;f Bu;D udt k rSL;
jyKNy;D onfyu JG si;f yw,f/ bke;f Bu;D u oDvay;zGiw hf ,f/ vSLzG,u f kd
a&pufcs,w l ,f/ arwåow k eå ½f wG Nf y;D jyefcw hJ ,f}
]bmvkyzf Ykd vdv k v
Ykd }J
]b0rSm tpjyKNy;D vlvo l ol l tdref , YJ meJY aeawmhrnfo h [l m
vlxrJ mS tckrS tpjyKrnfo h l jzpfw,f/ onfot l wGuf b,fvakd e
oifx h ikd o
f ifw h ,f/ b,fpnf;[m rlvpnf;tjzpf aqmifNy;D usi&hf
r,fqNkd y;D rSwaf vmufom;avmufwv hJ rf;ñTef ay;cJzh Ykd aumif;wm
aygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]r*Fvmaqmifqv kd nf; onfvykd /J olwo Ykd m;eJo Y rD;[m vlY
b0xJrmS tckrS 0ifMurnfo h al wGqakd wmh vrf;ñTecf suu f kd yEéucf s
ay;vdu k zf Ykd tvGeyf v J w
kd ,f/ olwu Ykd si&hf rnfh tcsuaf wG&UJ rlv[m
b,frmS ½Sw d ,fqw kd m odomG ;wJt h xd jy&rSmaygY/olw[ Ykd m tjzLxnf
awGyJ qdk;wJhta&mif pGJ&rSmaygY}
]wynfah wmfwYkd bke;f Bu;D awGvnf; w&m;a[mMurSmyg}
]oHCmu ½GwNf y;D jyefvmcJMh uwmygyJ/ trIupd aö wG tm;vH;k
rSmyJ yGx J u J vdak vmuf jzpfaeygw,f/ toufr0ifygbl;}
]onfvakd wmh jzpfaewmygyJ}
]'gaMumifh tckbek ;f Bu;D ESpo f ed ;f avmuf ½Sw d ,f/ 'umç'um

ÓPuxm 805
ru oef;ESpq f ,favmuf ½Sw d ,f/"r®0[ d m&Dwu Ykd tck ESpyf g;½Sw d ,f/
ypöKyeÜ u
f r®0g'Ak'b ¨ mom0if 'umç'umru ESp&f mavmufy½J w dS ,f/
wpfodef;ydkif;wpfydkif;u tpjyKw,faygY/ usKyfwdkUrSefvsif olwdkYudk
wpfaeYjzwfausmfvdrfhr,f}
]t½Sib f &k m;wdu Yk kd Edik if aH wmfu aESmif, h u
S rf mS rpd;k &drb f ;l
vm;}
]"r®0[ d m&Dwu Ykd rpd;k &dryf gbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]"r®0[ d m&Dw[ Ykd m vGwaf jrmufrI &Ny;D olawGy/J vGwaf jrmuf
olukd zrf;vdq Yk ;D vdYk r&ygbl;}
][kwfygYrvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]b,fvdkvGwfajrmufwmvJ}
]"r®0[ d m&D[m onfNcrH mS aew,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfNcrH mS Nc½H iS ½f w dS ,f/ Nc½H iS [
f m olNY cx H rJ mS b,fvakd ewm
xdik w
f m rBuKd ub f ;l qdw k hJ pnf;urf;½Sw d ,f/ qdv k w kd mu Nc[ H m NcpH nf;
urf;½Sdw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]vGwaf jrmufo[ l m NcpH nf;urf;½Sw d mudk ½Sw d thJ wdik ;f ypfr
xm;bl;/ ½Sw d mudk odatmifaew,f}
][kwfNyD}

806 ÓPuxm
]od½ekH vYJ nf; rxm;bl;? odwphJ nf;urf;udk vdu k ef mw,f r

[kwfvm;}
][kwfNyD}
]vdu k ef mwJth wGuf pnf;eJv Y el YJ nDomG ;wJt h xdjzpfNy}D
][kwfNyD}
]onfawmh "r®0[ d m&Dwu Ykd kd Nc&H UJ pnf;u rcsKyaf ESmifEikd b f ;l /
rzrf;pm;Edkifbl;aygY}
][kwfwmaygh}
]onfawmh "r®0[ d m&Dw[ Ykd m onfNcpH nf;u onfvkd vGwf
ajrmufMuwmaygY}
][kwfNyD}
]onf½mG rSmvnf; onfpnf;rsKd ; ½Gmpnf;½Sw d myJ}
][kwfwmaygh}
]onfe,frmS vnf; onfvykd J ½Sw d myJ}
]½Sdygw,f}
]onfwikd ;f rSmvnf; onfpnf;rsKd ; ½Sw d maygh}
][kwfw,f}
]onfEikd if rH mS vnf; onfvykd J onfpnf;rsKd ; ½Sw d myJ}
]½SdwmaygY}
]onfpnf;½Sw d mudk "r®0[
d m&Dwu Ykd ½Sw d t
hJ wdik ;f rxm;bl;/
onfpnf;udkodwJhtxd opöÓPfudk jzpfMuw,f}
][kwfNyDaygY}

ÓPuxm 807
]onfpnf;odwmudv k nf; odwmavmuf rxm;bl;/ onf

pnf;udk vdu k ef mrI udpÓ ö Pfukd jzpfapw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]vdu k ef mawmh "r®0[ d m&DawGeYJ onfpnf;[m wnDwnf;
jynfrh aD ew,fqw kd hJ uwÓPftxd vkyNf y;D NyjD zpfw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]onfawmh "r®0d[m&DawG[m onfEdkifiH&JUpnf;uvnf;
b,fvv kd yk Nf y;D zrf;rvJq;D rvJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJ'g vGwaf jrmufwmaygY}
][kwfNyD}
]wpfcak wmh ½Sw d maygY}
]bmygvdrfh}
]rw&m;qdw k mawmh ½SEd ikd wf myJ}
]ajymyg bk&m;}
]'g bmwwfEikd rf mS vJ ajym&rSmyJ}
][kwfygY}
],mOfxdef;&J½Sdw,f r[kwfvm;/ ,mOfawGrwdkufatmif
xdef;olyJ}
]½Sdygw,f}
],mOfxed ;f &J ,mOfwu kd cf &H ovdak ygY/ onfvakd wmh vGwf
ajrmufov l nf; cH&rSmyJ}

808 ÓPuxm
99/ rEÅav;? ykord Bf u;D ? ykPmÖ ;uke;f ½Gm? rif;vGiNf cüH jrpfomNrKd UrS
wumBuD;OD;xGef;ñGefYtm; ½SifÓPajymaom
omrnoabmw&m;pum;
]bke;f Bu;D usr;f pmwpftyk jf yKpw k ,f Mum;w,f}

][kwfygw,f}
]usr;f trnfu bmwJv h J bk&m;}
]omrnoabmw&m;}
]omrnqdw k mu b,fvv kd J bk&m;? bmt"dygÜ ,fv}J
]wumBu;D wdYk odNy;D om;t"dygÜ ,f ygyJ/ txl; r[kwyf gbl;}
]omrnudk wynfhawmfwdkYodwmu tnMwvdk[mrsdK;yJ}
]tJ'g omrn&JUteufreS u f xGuv f mwmygyJ}
]rxif½Sm;wJhoabmw&m;vm; bk&m;}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]rxif½mS ;bl;/ tnMwjzpfw,fqw kd mu xl;cRerf aevdYk t
rsm;xJu wpfcjk zpfaewm&JU emrnfy}J
][kwfygw,f}
]tJonft"dygÜ ,fu omrn&JU t"dygÜ ,fxuf enf;enf;ydk
oGm;w,f}
]trsm;uawmh onfvo kd ad ewmyJ}
][kwfw,f}

ÓPuxm 809
]twdtust"dyÜg,fu bmvJ}
]wlnDwJhtjzpf-yg}
]onfrSmqdkvdkwm tJonft"dyÜg,fvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]omrnoabmw&m;-qkdwm bmudkajymvdkwmvJ}
]trSeu f kd wdik ;f xGm&rnfh aywH[m omrnjzpfvdkY ]trSeu f kd
wdik ;f xGmp&m oabmw&m;udk omrnoabmw&m;}-vdYk ajymvdu k f
wmyg}
]onfoabmw&m;[m trSepf pd pfwhJ oabmw&m;aygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfomrnoabmw&m;}-udk jyKpzk Ykd b,fvkd pdwu f ;l &wm
vJ bk&m;}
]"r®0[
d m&Dwt Ykd aeeJY ypöKyeÜ u
f r®0g'Ak'b
¨ mom-qdNk y;D t,l
tjriftopfwpfck azmfNy;D &yfwnfcNhJ y/D t0wft½Hu k pNy;D oD;jcm;
tvHwHcGef vTifhcJhw,f r[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfawmh 'gudak vhvmolawG ½Sv d m&r,f}
][kwfwmaygY}
]onftxJrmS ynm½Siaf wGvnf; ygw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]avhvmp&moabmw&m;wpf&yf xkwaf y;zdYk vdv k mw,f}

810 ÓPuxm
]tJ'g vkyv f u
kd w
f mygyJ}
]tJonfusr;f u ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g'D "r®0[ d m&DawGukd b,fvkd
today;vdkufwmvJ bk&m;}
]ypöKyeÜ u
f r®0g'DawG[m trSew f &m;udk b,faywHeYJ wdik ;f
w,fqw kd mudk jyw,f}
]b,fvdkjywmvJ bk&m;}
]trSeq f wkd m vltm;vH;k u wnDwñGwv f ufcw
H thJ &m jzpf
w,f/ 'gaMumifh trSeu f kd wdik ;f p&m[m vlawGtm;vH;k &JU wnDw
ñGww f nf; vufcrH I ormejzpfw,f-vdYk jyw,f}
]omrn[m ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g'DawG&UJ trSew f &m;qdw
k mudk wdik ;f
xGmp&mtjzpf oH;k wJah ywHqw kd m xkwjf yvdu k w
f m? aMujimvdu k w
f m
aygY}
][kwfw,f}
]'gqdak wmh ypöKyeÜ uf r®0g'&JU oabmw&m;tkwjf rpfukd jrifciG hf
&wmyg}
]tJonfrmS tJonfaywHew YJ ikd ;f wJt
h cg xGuv f mwJh trSef
w&m; oH;k pm;udk jyw,f}
]oH;k pm;u bmawGygvdrhf bk&m;}
]y&rw¬opöm? orkwo d pömeJY t&d,opömygyJ}
]'gawG[m trSeaf wGvm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]omrnaywHeJYwdkif;vsif &EdkifwJh trSefawGaygY}

ÓPuxm 811
][kwfw,f}
]wdik ;f wmenf;a&m jyao;vm; bk&m;}
]jywmaygY}
]tJonf trSeaf wGtay: ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g'&JU oabmxm;
vnf; ajym&rSmaygY}
]ajym&w,f}
]b,fvakd jymwmvJ bk&m;}
]y&rw¬opöm[m trSex f rJ mS toH;k rusq;kH trSef jzpfw,f/
orkwo d pömtrSe[ f m tawmftoH;k uswt hJ rSef jzpfw,f/ t&d,
opömtrSeu f awmh toH;k tusq;kH trSef jzpfw,faygY}
]'gqdk olrsm; Ak'b ¨ momawGeaYJ wmh vGaJ csmu f ek af wmhrmS yJ}
]ypöKyeÜ uf r®0g'Ak'b ¨ momeJY wjcm;Ak'b ¨ momawG&UJ tod
tjrifu rwlMubl;yJ? onfrwlwmudk avhvmod½EdS ikd zf Ykd a&;wJu h sr;f
yJ/ vGJawmhukef&rSmaygY}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]tJonfusr;f [m ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g' Ak'b ¨ mom0ifawG&UJ avm
utay:tjrifukd azmfjywJu h sr;f yJ}
]zDvq kd zdk q
D wkd hJ 'óeusr;f aygY}
]ajymEdik yf gw,f/ ypöKyeÜ u f r®0g'Ak'b ¨ mom tbd"r®musr;f ?
avmutjrifusrf;aygY}
]onftbd"r®mudk wjcm;Ak'b ¨ momawGu bmrsm;ajymMu
rvJ rodb;l }

812 ÓPuxm
]olwaYkd jymzdYk rajymbdrYk S r[kww f myJ/ ud, k b hf 0avhvmvdo k l

awG avhvmp&m vky&f wmyJ (aemiftcgü od&wmu urÇmat;u
yd#uy#d½yl u? yd#uwfwv k Ykd rSwcf sucf sMuw,fvyYkd )J }
]onfpmjzpfatmif tawmfvyk &f vdrrhf ,f/ ynm&yfpm jzpf
aew,f r[kwv f m;}
][kww f ,f? t*Fg&yfav;awGjynfrh S aumif;rSmqdak wmh t
awmfuav; vky&f w,f/ tultnDay;wJh vluav;wpfa,muf
½Sw
d ,f/ olyJ 'dik cf v H yk w
f myJ/ olu tawG;tac:vnf; 0goemyg
w,f/ acwfopfpmayvnf; wwfygw,f}
]q&mawmfu tdkif'D,mxkwfay;&rSmaygY}
][kwfw,f? vdkcsifwJhtaetxm; a&mufatmifawmh t
awmfuav; ajymqdak ½TUajymif;,l&wmaygY}
]csD;usL;p&mygyJ}
]tJonfpmudk bmvkyaf o;vJ bk&m;}
]Edik if aH wmf Ouú|qDyw Ykd ,f/ ygwDoak woevnf; ydw Yk ,f/
pmorm;eJY 'óeorm; wpfcsKd UqDvnf; ul;ydw Yk ,f/ wynfw h pfcsKd UqD
vnf; pmrltay: jyifqifEikd af tmif Munf½h zI q Ykd Nkd y;D ydw
Yk ,f}
]usefwJhwynfhawGu ulMuao;vm;bk&m;}
]ulMuygw,f/ jrefrmpm taetxm;? pum;vH;k odu k ñ f eT ;f
awG 0dkif;vkyfay;Muygw,f}
]aumif;ygw,f bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 813
]"r®0[d m&De'd gef;qdw k hJ pmtkyv

f nf; jyKpNk y;D oGm;NyD od&yg
w,f/ tJ'ga&m [kwo f vm; bk&m;}
]tJonfpmtkyu f txl;a&;&wJph mtkyf r[kwyf gbl;}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]"r®0[ d m&Drjzpfcif ax&0g'rSm ajymcJq h ckd w
hJ phJ mawGeYJ tJ
onfpmawGudk wkHYjyefay;wJhpmawG 'gawGudk raysmufr½Satmif
pkxm;wJt h &myJ jzpfygw,f}
]tJ'gawGu bmaMumifh "r®0d[m&Ded'gef;vdkY ac:&wmvJ
bk&m;}
]"r®0d[m&DjzpfvmzdkY&ef jzpfyGm;cJhwJhtaMumif;awG jzpfvdkYyJ}
]b,fvdktaMumif;awG jzpfwmvJ bk&m;}
]udk;&uf?udk;v?ckESpfq,fhudk;u ay;cJhwJhpmupNyD; ax&0g'
Ak'b
¨ momeJpY yfNy;D rSm;,Gi;f wmjyifMu&atmifqNkd y;D rem;rae em;yl
em;qmvkyif ef;udk "r®0[ d m&DawGu vkyaf ecJMh uw,f r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gawG&UJ aemufq;kH &v'fu "r®0[ d m&DjzpfwmyJ}
]olwu Ykd kd ajym? xyfajym? txyfxyfajym? onfawmh olwu Ykd
w&m;pG?J aemuf-onfuacs? 'gawGjzpfvv Ykd m;}
][kwfwmaygY}
]tJ'g olwrYkd rSm;bl;vm;}
]olwb Ykd ufuawmh olwrYkd eS wf ,fyJ jrif&rSmygyJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}

814 ÓPuxm
]olwdkYb0 jzpfvdkYaygY}
]onfvdk jzpfrvm;}
]udk,fhb0umuG,fzdkY udk,fhwm0efr[kwfvm;}
]onfvdkqdk trSm;çtrSefqdkwm r½Sdawmhbl;vm;}
]'g aemufval wG qH;k jzwfrmS aygY}
]onfvdkyJvm;}
]'gèxH;k pHyg}
]tJonfpmawGu b,favmufrsm;ovJ bk&m;}
]0w¬Kpmtkyq f u kd rf sKd ;eJY pmrsuEf mS wpfaxmifavmuf ½Sw d ef
&mygw,f}
]tjyeftvSepf mawGcsn;f vm;? tpDtpOfpum;awG ygao;
vm;}
]rygbl;? tjyeftvSefpmawGcsnf;yJ}
]tJ'gawG[m b,forl eS w f ,fqw kd m ajymEdik w
f hJ oufao
awGaygY}
][kwfw,f}
]"r®0[
d m&Dwu Ykd rSm;aevsiaf &m}
]"r®0d[m&DawG[m ordkif;&JUtqHk;tjzwf cH&apcsifygw,f}
]olwrYkd mS ;vdYk rSm;w,fc&H wm bmjzpfovJaygY}
]tJ'g &nf½, G Nf y;D onfpm½Gupf mwrf;awG rlymG ;xm;wJo h
abmeJY pmtkyjf yKpw k mvm;}
][kwfwmaygY}

ÓPuxm 815
]tJonfpmtkyu
f zwfvaYkd umif;rnfph mtkyf r[kwaf vmuf
ygbl;}
]ynm½Siaf wG?okawoDawGyJ zwf&rnfh pmtkyyf /J tJ'g &nf
½G,Nf y;D yJ vkyx f m;wmyg}
]'gudk b,folvkyfovJ}
][dkta0;u vluav;wpfa,mufyg}
]b,ftxd taMumif;t&mawG ygovJ}
]"r®0d[m&DjzpfwJh txdyJ}
]'gèaumif;wJh rSww f rf;yJ}

816 ÓPuxm
100/ jrpfomNrKd Ue,f? vGeaf usm&f b

J ufpcef;ü &JbufwpfO;D tm;
½SiÓ f Pajymaom axmifcsypHk um;
]bke;f Bu;D pçtzrf;cH&csed u

f tajctaeeJY axmifxJ pçaep
tcsed u f tajctaeawGukd enf;enf;ajymay;yg bk&m;}
][kwfNyD b,fup&rvJ}
]pcsi&f mu pygbk&m;}
]"r®0[ d m&DjzpfNy;D wpfq,fw Y pfvausmaf vmuf tjyifbuf
rSm aevdu k &f w,f}
]zrf;wmu b,f&ufvJ}
]ZEé0g&D wwd,ywf ukecf geD;rSm}
]aqmif;wGif;BuD;yJ}
]rzrf;cifuwnf;u tufb ö uD ud, k af &;awGvm,l? "mwfykH
awG½dkuf vkyfaew,f}
]zrf;r,f rxifb;l vm;}
]rxifovdyk gyJ/ rxl;vSb;l tvsiu f wnf;u "r®0[ d m&Dukd
NceH v
YJ rf;rBu;D qH&k maxmifrh mS &JwpfO;D "r®0[
d m&Dwt Ykd wGux
f m;w,f
odNyD;om;yJ}
]rwkefvIyfbl;vm;}
]xlyal evdv Yk m; rodb;l / rxl;ygbl; w&m;yGaJ wGvnf; yHrk eS yf J
vkyfaewmyJ}
]zrf;awmh b,fvzkd rf;vJ}

ÓPuxm 817
]aeYo;kH em&DcaJG vmufrmS &JawGo;kH q,favmuf½wdS ,f/ NcxH J

pDwef;0ifvmwmyJ/ wdik ;f vufaxmuf&rJ LS ;txd ygw,f}
]trsm;BuD;yJ}
]um;oH;k pD; ygw,f}
]bmajymao;vJ}
]Nc½H iS u
f &JrLS ;udk bmudp½ö o
dS vJ ar;w,f/ "r®0[d m&DuyJ
ajzay;vdkufw,f}
]b,fvdkajzwmvJ}
]ypöKyeÜ uf r®0g'Ak'b ¨ mom om;uav; arG;zGm;rvdYk Adu
k ef m
wmygvdkYyJ}
]zrf;wmqdkwm odNyDvm;}
]rodbl;}
]ykord Bf u;D pcef; ac:oGm;vm;}
]roGm;bl;}
]b,foGm;vJ}
]rEÅav;buf oGm;aew,f}
]b,fvdkxifvJ}
]rxifwwfatmifyJ}
]aemufèb,foGm;vJ}
]rEÅav;eef;a½SUa&mufawmh atmifawmfrlbuf csdK;w,f?
wdkif;&J½Hk;ac:wm-xifw,fvdkY rSwfcsufcsxm;w,f}
]rac:bl;vm;}

818 ÓPuxm
]wdik ;f ½H;k rac:bl;? atmifawmfr&l pJ cef;xJ armif;0ifomG ;

w,f/ tJonfrmS pmyGw J pfv;kH rSm eH&b H ufvn S Nhf y;D xdik af e&w,f}
]vmppfvm;}
]rvmbl;}
]tMumBuD;vm;}
]Mumw,f}
]aemufèb,fac:vJ}
]rd;k csKyaf e0ife;D rS zke;f oHMum;Ny;D eef;awmfbufac:vmw,f}
]b,fvdkxifvJ}
]vlBuD;wpfOD;eJY awGUay;rvdkYvm;vdkY xifw,f}
]aemufèb,fvdkjzpfvJ}
]eef;wGi;f a&mufawmh eef;awmfc&kH UJ ajrmufbufu taemuf
t&yf OD;wnfomG ;aew,f/ tJonfawmh pdwx f ifvmNy}D
]b,fvdkvJ}
]onfrSmawmh axmifyJ½Sdawmhr,fxifw,f-vdkYyJ}
]axmifa&mufa&mvm;}
]axmifa½SUwHcg;Bu;D udk &JAv kd Bf u;D uacgufNy;D axmifb;l xJ
ac:oGm;Ny;D cef;rus,x f rJ mS wpfO;D wnf;½Sw d hJ t&m½Sw d pfa,muf
qD tyfxm;cJw h ,f/ tJonfrmS vnf; xdik af e&wmyJ/ enf;enf;Mum
MumyJ}
]olu bmar;vJ}
]bmpmawGa&;vdkYvJwJh}

ÓPuxm 819
]bmajzvJ}
]rajymwwfatmify?J a&;wmu trsm;Bu;D yJvYkd ajymvdu
k f
w,f}
]bmqufvkyfvJ}
]aemufèzke;f ac:oHem;axmifNy;D rS olu wpfyiG ehf t YJ &m½Sw
d pf
a,mufac:Ny;D tyfvu kd v
f Ykd olaY emufvu kd Nf y;D axmifxJ 0if&w,f}
]axmifxJ pa&mufz;l wmaygY}
][kww f ,f? vlawGu Nird v f /Ykd taqmuftODay:rSm nDnm
pGmxdik af eMuwm awGU&w,f/ vrf;uvnf; acsmvd/Yk vrf;ab; yef;
yifuav;awGuvnf; vef;vd/Yk tdyw f ef;0ifaewJh pmeJq Y uf&uf
uav;awG&UJ toHyJ Mum;aeatmif wdwv f /Ykd axmifqwkd muvnf;
om,mom;vdYk xifrw d ,f}
]b,fydkYvJ}
]wdu
k wf ef;xJu tcef;wpfcrk mS ydw Yk ,f/ tcef;xJrmS ½Si;f vdYk
yJ/ a&td;k uvnf; tjyifu}
]b,fvdkcHpm;&vJ}
]xkwH wkH ykH gyJ/ 0g'gwpfa,mufeYJ ud;k em&Dtxd pum;ajymae
vdkufw,f/ udk;em&Dausmfawmh tm;vHk;aumif;w,f-qdkwmawG
Mum;ae&Ny;D tdyaf ysmçf raysmf rajymwwfatmify}J
]aemufaeYa&mufwm ajymygOD;}
]aemufaeYreuf av;em&DavmufrSm tcef;xJuxkwfNyD;
tjyifbufum;ay: wuf&w,f/ ykord Bf u;D w&m;½H;k rSm zrf;csKyrf ed Yf

820 ÓPuxm
oGm;,lwmyJ}
]½Hk;uzGifhvm;}
]ig;em&DavmufrmS w&m;olBu;D qdo k l oH;k OD;yJ½w
dS ,f/ w&m;
½H;k u ,m,DwBJ u;D vd[ k myJ/ rD;acsmif;xGe;f zGix hf m;w,f}
]aemufa&m}
]axmifjyefa&muf? xrif;auR;csed rf mS xrif;auR;wmyJ}
]bm[if;eJYvJ}
][if;½Gu[ f if;uav; wpfcu G vf nf; ygw,frw S w f myJ/ pm;
csipf &myJ-vdv Yk J rSwvf ukd w
f ,f}
]pm;a&mvm;}
]zrf;vsirf pm;bl;vdYk owfrw S xf m;wm ½Sw d ,f/ 'gaMumifh
rpm;bl;}
]pm;zdYk rajymbl;vm;}
]auR;olu ajymw,f/ wm0ef½o dS u
l kd ajymMuyg? rpm;ygbl;-
vdyYk J jiif;vdu k w f ,f}
]bmvkyfovJ}
]rMumcifyJ vlwpfa,muf a&mufvmNy;D rdwq f ufw,f/
ol[m½Sr;f rif;om; ygwJ/h ]axmifxrJ mS onfvykd gyJ? pdwrf npfygeJ}Y -
aygY/ tm;ay;pum; ajymw,f}
]½Sr;f rif;om;u xDqikd v f m;}
][kwfw,f}
]olwdkYbmajymvJ}

ÓPuxm 821
]&ygw,f? udprö ½Syd gbl;vdaYk ygY}

]aemufèbmjzpfvJ}
]wpfyiG ehf t YJ &m½Sw d pfa,muf tcef;xJvmac:Ny;D at;at;
aq;aq;ae&mudk xm;ay;r,fqNkd y;D wdu k w f pfcrk mS ajymif;xm;w,f}
]tJ'g b,fwu kd vf J odvm;}
]aemufro S &d wmu BuKd ;wdu k yf }J
]b,fvdkaMumifh BudK;wdkufrSef;odvJ}
]naerSm BuKd ;orm;awGu a&csKd ;xGuv f sif wHwikd ;f ausmNf y;D
EIwq f ufw,f/ olwu Ykd BuKd ;usoal wGvYkd rdwq f ufw,f}
]ntdyfa&mvm;}
]rd;k csKyrf mS axmifb;l xJ ac:oGm;cH&w,f/ axmifyikd ½f ;kH xJu
pm;yGrJ mS xdik &f w,f/ ñTerf LS ;? axmifyikd ?f 'kaxmifyikd ef YJ ESpyf iG w hf pfcsKd U
vnf; ½Sw d ,f}
]bmajymMuvJ}
]OD;*kP0EÅvnf; a&mufvmw,f/ bmaMumifh tpm;rpm;
ovJvYkd ar;Muw,f}
]b,fvdkajzvJ}
]"r®0[ d m&D0ed nf;t& rpm;wmvdyYk J ajzw,f}
]pm;&r,f ajymrSmaygh}
]ajymw,f/ "r®0[ d m&Dwu
Ykd kd ndc§ iG ahf y;ygvdYk jyefajym&w,f/
ndc§ iG vhf nf;ay;w,f/ OD;*kPu bke;f Bu;D u tBu;D yJ oabmygvdYk
ajymw,f}

822 ÓPuxm
]b,fvkd jyefajymMuvJ}
]axmifpnf;urf;vnf; rcsKd ;azmufcsiyf gbl;/ "r®0[ d m&DwYkd
pnf;urf;vnf; csdK;azmufvdkY rjzpfygbl;/ 'gaMumifh pm;w,fvdkY
axmifutodtrSwjf yKyg/ "r®0[ d m&Dwu Ykd pwdtjzpfpm;ygr,fvYkd
ajymvdu k w f ,f/ Ny;D awmh jyefyaYkd y;w,f}
]nrSmcsrf;rSmaygY}
]*Gr;f uyfEpS xf nfpD &w,f/ awGUwke;f u NcKH p&mrygbl; ajym
cJv
h Ykd ay;wmyJ}
]aemufaeY tpmauR;awmh b,fvv kd }J
]xrif;wpfv;kH avmuf pm;jyvdu k w f ,f/ uJèpm;w,faemf
Ny;D NyaD ygYvYkd ajymvdu k w f ,f}
]qmrSmaygY}
]qmwmaygY}
]taqmifrSL;u bmrSrajymbl;vm;}
]ajcmufrvdv k kd vkyaf o;w,f/ aemufawmh acsmw h mygyJ/
bmpm;rvJ/ uGr;f pm;rvm;/ [db k ek ;f Bu;D u pm;aeNyq D wkd mrsKd ;aygY}
]cH&r,faemf}
]cH&wmaygY}
]bmvkyfvJ}
]q&m0efu aoG;wdik ;f ? ud, k cf sed ?f aeYpOfvyk v f mw,f}
]bmrSrjzpfbl;vm;}
]q,fih g;&ufavmuf½adS wmh xvdo Yk mG ;vdYk odyrf aumif;csif

ÓPuxm 823
bl;/ q&m0efu yg;pyfutpmoGi;f zdYk vkyv f mw,f}

]oGif;a&mvm;}
]wpfaeYoGif;NyD}
]bmqufvkyfvJ}
]pOf;pm;w,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]onftwdkif;qdkvsif touf½Sifatmif tm;rxkwfayrJY
aorSmr[kwb f ;l / rao½Hrk u 'kuy© &J aer,f/ onfawmh w&m;½H;k
&ifqikd rf aS umif;r,f-vdyYk /J onfq;kH jzwfcsuu f kd axmifyikd af jymvdu k f
w,f}
]axmifyikd u f bmajymvJ}
]oluawmh wif;jywmygyJ/ aovsif ypfvu kd ½f ykH J rqef;bl;
qdw
k mrsKd ;aygY? ud, k [hf mud,
k jf yefpm;wmvdYk vufrw S x f ;kd cdik ;f Ny;D xrif;
auR;w,f}
]xrif;auR;a&mvm;}
]auR;w,f/ Muufom;[if;eJYyg}
]qmaewmqdkawmh wtm;pm;rSmaygY}
]rpm;bl;? wpfqyk yf J pm;w,f}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]aeorQ onfavmufyJpm;ovm;}
]aemufawmh MumwJt h cgrSm tjynfyh pJ m;jzpfwmygyJ}
]½Hk;xGuf&a&mvm;}

824 ÓPuxm
]usef;rmwJYtxd iHYae&w,f? rxGuf&bl;}

]ae&wmtaMumif; cHpm;csuaf jymygOD;}
]ig[m avmuBu;D vGwv f yfzYkd vkyof yl /J tck 'gvkyv f Ykd t
csKyu
f sae&w,f/ b,fvv kd -J vdv Yk nf; awG;rdw,f}
][kwfwmaygY}
]ig[m vGwfajrmufNyD;olvdkY ighudk,fig rSwf,lxm;w,f/
tck aomhtvH;k aygif;rsm;pGmu ighuykd w d x
f m;w,f/ tJ'guvnf;
b,fvv kd vJ Ykd awG;rdw,f}
][kwfwmyJ}
]ighavmuf vGwv f yfpmG aeolrmS onfvkd oHwikd x f aJ &muf&
ovm;? b,fvv kd -J vdv
Yk J awG;rdw,f}
][kwfwmyJ}
]onftawG;awGudk tajz½Sm&wmaygY}
]b,fvdkawGUvJ}
]ig[m vGwv f yfoyl /J tckvnf; igvGwv f yfaewmyJvYkd t
ajzxGufw,f}
]aygufoGm;vdkYvm;}
]b,fuvm}
]igbmjypfrrI S rusL;vGeb f ;l ? onfvjkd zpfvsuef YJ ig-onfxJ
a&mufaewm[m rSm;,Gi;f vdyYk /J onfrmS aomhawGcwfxm;wm pmeJY
ayeJY cwf&wmyJ/ usL;vGeo f rl S aomYcwfpmu xkwv f &Ykd wmaMumifh
yJ}

ÓPuxm 825
][kwfwmaygY}
]onfawmh ig[m vGwv f yfaewmyJ/ onfrmS ;,Gi;f cwfwhJ
aomh[m trSe&f vsif yGirhf mS yJvYkd ydwaf evsuu
f ud, k t
hf jypfr½Sw
d m
odNy;D yGio
hf vdk cHpm;&w,f}
]tJonfawmh pdwn f pfwm rjzpfawmhb;l aygY}
][kww f ,f? axmifxJ taeuvnf; enf;enf;usomG ;Ny/D
taetxdkifvnf; enf;enf;,Ofyg;vmw,f? csD;ygao;aygufu
tpaygY}
]axmifxrJ mS tcuftcJawG rjzpfb;l vm;}
]bmrS odyrf jzpfygbl;}
]rysif;bl;vm;}
]rysif;bl;}
]enf;enf;cufwmu bmvJ}
]rawGUBuKH b;l ao;wmwpfck awGUBuKH &wdik ;f acgif;tvkyv f yk f
&wmaygY}
]aemufèaxmifusa&mvm;}
]wpfESpfavmuftMumrSm axmifusw,f}
]b,fNrdKUe,fvJ}
]ykodrfBuD;vdkY ajymwmyJ? 'gayrJY axmifxJvmppfwm}
]w&m;olBuD;tzGJUu axmifxJvmwmvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]axmifcsawmh pdwfrnpfbl;vm;}

826 ÓPuxm
]rnpfygbl;/ odaeNy;D om;yJ}

]bmodwmvJ}
]tjypfr½Sw d m&,f? r½Sad yrJY tcsc&H rSmqdw k m&,fy}J
]bmaMumifh odovJ}
]olwdkYnd§w,f}
]b,fvdkn§dwmvJ}
]tjymbke;f Bu;D rvkyvf sif csKy&f ufevYJ w
T rf ,f-qdw k mrsKd ;aygY}
]b,fvdkajymvdkufovJ}
]csEikd w
f mxuf wpfqwd;k csvsicf sygap? "r®0[ d m&Duawmh
vkyfrSmyJvdkYaygY}
]tckvkd &Jbufa&mufr,fa&m xif&UJ vm;}
]rxifwwfcJhbl;}
]oHajcusO;f cwfNy;D &Jbufygvmawmha&m b,fvkd cHpm;&
ovJ}
]jzpfymG ;csuaf wGu tpdr;f t½dik ;f awGcsn;f yJqakd wmh tJ'gawG
rSm racsmaf tmifbJ vkyaf e&wmeJY bmcHpm;&w,fawmif rod
atmifyJ}
]tcuftcJawG rawGUbl;vm;}
]tm;vH;k [m tcuftcJBu;D yJ/ 'gtarSmifxJ vrf;avQmuf
&wmvdaYk ygh/ tm;vH;k u rawGUbl;wmcsn;f yJ}
]bmvkyf&ovJ}
]tpydik ;f rSm 0gaumuf&w,f}

ÓPuxm 827
]vkyfwwf&JUvm;}
]0gyifu0gayguf cl;qGw&f wmyJ jzpf&rSmaygh}
]jyóem bmrSrjzpfbl;vm;}
]cyf&pf&pf wyfMuyfwpfa,muf ½Sw d ,f/ olu vlopfawGukd
ajcmufaew,f/ tJonfoel YJ rwd;k rdatmif BuKd ;pm;aewJMh um;xJu
OD;*kPeJY wd;k aew,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]OD;*kPudk bmrIvaJ r;w,f/ OD;*kPajzwmu aemufq;kH rSm
bmoma&;[m vGwv f yfpmG ud;k uG,cf iG ½hf w
dS ,f/ ud,
k 0f wfcsiw
f m0wf
w,f-vdq Yk D a&mufomG ;w,f}
]0g'gu ½du k zf BYkd uKd ;pm;rSmaygY}
][kwfw,f? rjzpfbl;qdkNyD; tJonf0g'gudk ajym&w,f/
olet YJ rIwyJG gqdNk y;D ½Si;f &wmaygh}
]tJ'gèolwo Ykd wd ehJ ,frS r[kww f m? Ny;D wmaygY}
]'gayrJY wjcm;eJY vSn&hf pfw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]bke;f Bu;D onfvq kd kd aoewfNy;D ovm;qdNk y;D aoewfarmif;
wifw,f}
]q&mawmfu bmajymvJ}
]Ny;D ygw,f-vdaYk ygY/ wu,fvm;vd?Yk ypfrvdek YJ oluvkyw f ,f}
]b,fvkd jyefajymvJ}

828 ÓPuxm
]wu,f Ny;D ygw,f? onfaoewf[m &Jbufu ajy;oGm;ol

awG bmawGukd ypfzyYkd ?J wm0efauswhJ &Jbufukd ypfvrYkd &bl;/ "r®
0d[m&Du wm0efaus&b J ufyv
J Ykd ajymvdu
k wf ,f}
][kwfNyD}
]onfawmh oluajymw,f? wkwaf &mNy;D ovm;wJ?h wkwu f kd
tkwfcHk½dkufjyw,f}
]bmajymvJ}
]Ny;D w,faygY/ wkw[
f m &efjzpfo?l tvkyrf vkyo f u
l kd ½du
k zf Ykd
ay;xm;wmyJ/ onfu&Jbufu 'gawGrS r½Sw d myJvYkd ajzvdu
k w f ,f}
]ajcusO;f u b,favmufMumrS jzKwo f vJ}
]½Spfvausmf}
]pdwfnpfrSmaemf}
]txl;rodawmhygbl;}
]tck bmawGvkyfaeovJ}
]bmoma&;jyóemuav;awG&JU tajzuav;awGudk u
Asmuav;vd?k um&efuav;awGeYJ pum;vH;k awG zGUJ w,f}
]trsm;BuD;&NyDvm;}
]rsm;aeNyD}
]'gyJ a&;ovm;}
]'gavmufygyJ/ yk*t H &nf;Bu;D awGtaMumif; wpfy'k ef YJ t
jypfukd tjypfay;jcif;jzifh tjypfraysmufEikd af Mumif; pmwrf;uav;
ESpyf 'k yf gw,f}

ÓPuxm 829
101/ rEÅav;wGJbufaxmifwpfwdkufü jrif;NcHrS "m;jyrIjzifh

axmifusolwpfOD;tm; ½SifÓPajymaom wkwf"m;rvmykHpum;
]bke;f Bu;D wdaYk jymwJh b0[m 0#fvnfaew,fqw kd m [kwyf g

w,f/ wynfah wmf "m;jyb0udk rvkycf siaf wmhygbl;/ 'gayrJY rvkyf
bJaezdYk rvG,b f ;l }
]b,fvkd rvkycf siw f mvJ? b,fvkd rvG,w f mvJ}
]"m;jywdu k w f m wGuaf jcrudu k yf gbl;? rudu
k rf eS ;f vnf; odae
vdYk rvkycf siaf wmh ygbl;/ 'gayrJ-Y }
]ajymygOD;}
]rvkyb f J aumif;aecsiv f v Ykd nf; r&bl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]aumif;aevnf; b,folurS taumif;rxifbl;? udk,fu
tducfö su(©f Ex-check)½So d l qdak wmh cRwu f eJqkd ud,k zhf rf;vkyaf ewmyJ}
]'gvnf; [kwrf mS yJ}
]wjcm;awGvnf; ½Sdao;w,f}
]pufrsm;vdkaygY}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]puf[m wpfywfq;kH vsif aemufwpfywf&UJ tpudk prdomG ;
NyD; qufvnfywfawmhwmyJ}
][kww f ,f? rvkyaf wmhbJ vlorl eD;&mrSm oGm;ae&rvm;
vnf; atmufarhw,f}

830 ÓPuxm
]'gvnf; b,f&rvJaygY/ tavhukd onfvekd aYJ zsmuf&rSmyJ}

]wynfah wmfwu Ykd bmrS vkyrf pm;wwfawmhb;l }
]tJ'gu usix hf m;rdvsuf jzpfaeNyyD /J Ny;D awmh atmufus
aemufusvnf; raewwfawmhbJ jzpfr,f}
][kww f ,f? 'gaMumifh bk&m;tdak wGrmS Xmyemazmufpm;&
rvm; atmufarhw,f}
]BuHBuHpnfpnfyJ}
]tJ'g bmtjypf½rdS vJ? bk&m;qDvnf; ra&mufb;l / vlvnf;
roH;k &bl;? trdu I jf zpfaewmyJ}
]½SdwmodvdkYvm;}
]odw,f}
]Opömapmifah wG bmawG raMumufb;l vm;}
]tvum;yg}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]ttdkta[mif;rdkY wufweyfwdkY atmufqD*sifiwfwmwdkY
jzpfwmawGyJ}
][kwfwkwfwkwfyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]"m;jyrwdu k af wmhb;l qdw
k hJ &nf½,
G cf suf Mum;&wm 0rf;om
ygw,f? tJ'g atmifjrifatmif BuKd ;pm;ay;yg}
]BudK;pm;rSmyg}
]aumif;w,f}

ÓPuxm 831
]'geJYpyfvdkY wpfckavmufar;csifw,f}
]bmvJ}
]wynfhawmfrSm om;uav;wpfa,muf ½Sdw,f}
]b,ft½G,f a&mufNyv D }J
]q,fESpf0ef;usif}
]tJ'g qufajymygOD;? bmjyKv}J
]tJ'g onfcav;uav; atmifjrifwb hJ 0jzpfatmif b,f
vdyk nmrsKd ; oifMum;ay;oifo h vJqw kd m enf;enf;avmuf ñTeMf um;
ay;zdkYyg}
][kwfygY}
]ud,k u f zcifqakd wmh taumif;qH;k aqmif½u G pf &muav;
awG ½Srd ,fqv kd sif aqmif½uG &f atmifaygY}
][kwfygw,f?bmawG avhusifhoifMum;ay;oifhw,fqdkwJh
tajzu ray:bl;/ bmawG ravhusifh roifMum;ay;oifhbl;u
ay:aew,f}
]tJ'gyJ ajymygOD;}
]tckacwfrmS vlawG[m twwfynmtjzpf *sL'd?k um&m
aw; tp½Sw d mawG? vufa0S?Y odik ;f ynmawGvnf; ud, k cf yH nmtjzpf
oifay;wwfMuw,f}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]tJ'gawG oifMum;ay;rIu a½SmifMuOfoifw h ,f/ wjcm;
a½SmifoifhwmawGvnf; ½Sdao;w,f}

832 ÓPuxm
]bmawGvJ bk&m;}
]"m;Ny;D ? wkwNf y;D tp½Sw d thJ wwfynmawGy}J
]tJ'gawGu raumif;bl;vm; bk&m;}
]raumif;bl;}
]ud,
k cf yH nmr½Sad wmh olrsm;eJw Y ukd cf u
kd v
f sif cH&rSmaygY bk&m;}
][kwfwmaygY}
]tJ'g aumif;rvm; bk&m;}
]aumif;ygw,f}
]b,fvdkaumif;wmvJ bk&m;}
]wdu k cf ukd w f mvkyrf aS wmh cH&rSmaygY? wdu k cf u
kd w
f m[m cH&
vnf; cH&Edik w f ,fvYkd odraS ygY r[kwv f m;}
][kwfwmaygY}
]odawmh wdkufzdkYudk vufroGufawmhbl;aygY/ onfawmh
rwdkufjzpfbl;}
]wduk rf S jzpfrmS qdv k siaf &m}
]EIwef yYJ NJ y;D atmif ajz½Si;f rSmaygY}
]&ygYrvm;}
]avsmhNyD;½Sif;vsifawmh tenf;qHk;&ygw,f}
]avsmah wmh r½H;I bl;vm;}
]wdu k vf EYkd ikd wf mxufawmh t½H;I oufomygw,f? wdu k vf ½Ykd ;IH
wmeJpY mvsiaf wmh ajymrjyEdik af tmif omwmaygY}
]tJ'g wynfah wmf oabmraygufb;l }

ÓPuxm 833
]wdu k w f mtm;ud;k vdYk oabmraygufwmyg? wdu k &f wm&JUt

jypf jrifatmif Munf&h rSmyJ}
]tJ'g jyprf;ygOD;}
]wdu k w f m[m Edik rf ,fxifMuvdYk r[kwv f m;}
][kwfw,f}
]ESpb f ufrmS wpfbufuawmh ½H;I rSmr[kwv f m;}
][kwfw,f}
]½HI;olu udk,fvnf;rjzpfEdkifbl;vm;}
]jzpfEdkifw,f}
]roufombl;}
]ud, k Ef ikd v
f sif t½H;I cH&olu auseyfrvm;}
]rauseyfbl;aygY}
]rauseyfvsif jyefacszYkd tm;rarG;yJaervm;}
]raebl;}
]Edik o f [ l m jyefacsou l kd NyefEikd zf Ykd aMumifMh urpdu
k &f bl;vm;}
]pdkuf&w,f}
]aMumifhMu½Sdol[m vGwfvyfoljzpf&JUvm;}
]rjzpfbl;}
]'g&JUtqH;k u b,frmS vJ}
]rodbl;}
]tJ'g aumif;ovm;}
]raumif;wm [kww f ,f}

834 ÓPuxm
]'gaMumifh jyefwu kd w
f yhJ nm rwwf&bl;? wdu k w f mudk ckcH
wwfwyhJ nm rwwf&bl;}
]"m;eJcY w
k v
f sif jywf&rvm;}
]jywf&rSmaygY}
]wkwfeJY½dkufvsif em&rvm;}
]em&rSmaygY}
]onfvdkjzpfawmh bmtusdK;&rvJ}
]onfvrkd jzpf&atmif Buq H aexdik f jyKral jymqdrk mS aygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvakd eolukd wkw"f m;awGu vmOD;rSmvm;}
]rvmawmhygbl;}
]'gaygY}

ÓPuxm 835
102/ rEÅav; wGbJ ufaxmifwpfwukd üf xGe;f xGe;f OD;tm;

½SifÓPajymaom udk,fvkyfwmudk,fjyef&pum;
]bkef;BuD;}
]a[-}
]bke;f Bu;D u axmifxrJ mS w&m;awGa[mwmyJ}
]at;}
]bkef;BuD;vdkbkef;BuD;udk uRefawmfrawGUzl;bl;}
]onfaxmifxJrSmvm;}
]uReaf wmf axmifawGpakH eatmif usz;l w,f? bke;f Bu;D awGeYJ
vnf; cifw,f? olwu Ykd *gxmawGçvufzUJG awGvnf; uReaf wmfu h kd
ay;w,f}
]b,faxmifawG usz;l vJ}
]tif;pde?f om,m0wD? o&uf? awmifi?l rEÅav; pHv k yYkd gyJ/
bkef;BuD;yJ w&m;a[mwJhbkef;BuD; awGUzl;w,f}
]wdkYu wjcm;trIeJY axmifuswmr[kwfbl;/ 'gaMumifh
wjcm;ajymp&m r½Sb d ;l }
]bmrIeJYuswmvJ}
]w&m;rIeYJ uswm/ 'gaMumifh wdu Yk w&m;yJajymae&wm}
][kwfwmaygY}
]igwdYk w&m;a[mwm bmjzpfvv Ykd }J

836 ÓPuxm
]bmrSrjzpfygbl;/ uReaf wmfvnf; w&m;emcsiv f yYkd g/ uRef

awmfu
Y vkd nf; w&m;a[may;ygvdYk ajymcsiv f yYkd g}
]at;èajymayghY}
]uReaf wmfu Y v
kd nf; bke;f Bu;D u w&m;a[mygOD;}
]a[mwmaygh? rifu h kd ra[mwmu rif;u c&pf,mefjzpfae
wm od&vdYk em;Ni;D rSm pd;k vdyYk g/ Ny;D awmh rif;u vlrsKd ;uvnf; csi;f -
r[kwfvm;}
][kwyf gw,f/ 'gayrJY uReaf wmf bke;f Bu;D a[mwJw h &m;awG
Mum;ae&w,f/ tJ'g emcsiyf gw,f}
]emcsivf sif a[m&rSmaygY}
]a[myg}
]w&m;ra[mcif ar;cGe;f enf;enf;udk igar;r,faemf}
]ar;yg}
]tck rift h ouf b,favmuf½NdS yv D }J
]oHk;q,fhckESpfESpfyg}
]rif;tjypf'Pf b,favmuf tcscx H m;&wmvJ}
]wpfBuKd ;eJY ckEpS q
f ,fEh pS Ef pS yf g}
]rsm;vSacsvm;}
]tck EdkifiHawmfuwm;vdkY BudK;uq,fESpfeJY vJvdkufvdkY ½Spf
q,fhESpfESpfaygY}
]rif;u tJonftoufavmuf ae&rSmr[kwb f ;l / rifth jypf
u trsm;Bu;D yJ}

ÓPuxm 837
][kwfygw,f}
]'geJpY yfNy;D rif;udak r;Munfrh ,f/ tajzudk rif;pdwx
f ½J o
dS vdyk J
ajzyg}
]ar;yg}
]onfavmufrsm;wJt h jypfawGukd rif;&aewm[m rif;vkyf
vdYk &aewmvm;/ 'grSr[kwf bk&m;ocifu jypf'Pfay; jyKvyk v f yYkd J
rif;&aewmvm;/ b,fvdkxifovJvdkYyJ}
]onfavmuf tjypfawG&aewm bk&m;ocifaMumifh r[kwf
ygbl;/ uReaf wmfu vlowf? "m;jywdu k f tjypfawG vkyv f &Ykd wmyg}
]at;è[kwNf y/D aemufwpfcv k nf; ar;csiaf o;w,f}
]ar;yg}
]rifu
h kd axmifrLS ;awGu av;pm;Mu? cspcf ifMuwmawG rif;eJY
qufqaH &;rSm awGUae&w,f/ bk&m;ocif&UJ rçprIc&H vdyYk v J m;-qdk
wm ajzapcsiyf gw,f}
]'gvnf; uReaf wmfvyk v f yYkd gyJ/ uReaf wmfu opfyifawGbm
awG pdu k wf ,f/ ajr0,fxm;Ny;D pdu k w
f maygY}
][kwfNyD}
]toD;t½Guaf wG pm;p&may:wJt h cg olwu Ykd v
kd nf; vuf
aqmifyPÖmtjzpf uReaf wmfu ay;ygw,f/ Ny;D awmh uReaf wmfu
olwu Ykd kd 'kur© ay;ygbl;/ 'gaMumifyh g}
][kwNf y/D udx
k eG ;f xGe;f OD; ajzwmawGt& enf;enf;ajymr,f
aemf}

838 ÓPuxm
]ajymyg}
]vlrmS wefc;kd ½Sw d ,f/ tJ'g,Hv k m;}
]rodbl; b,fvdkvJ}
]vl[m wjcm;vlawGukd 0rf;enf;oGm;atmifa&m 0rf;om
oGm;atmifyg jyKpm;Edik f rçpEdik Mf uw,f}
]b,fvdkjyKpm;wm? rçpwmvJ}
]ud,k ef jYJ zpfjzpf? EIwef jYJ zpfjzpf 0rf;omatmifeYJ 0rf;enf;atmif
vkyfvdkYr&bl;vm;}
]&wmaygY}
]tJ'g jyKpm;wm? rçpwmyJaygY}
][kwfwmyJ}
]tJ'gyJ wefc;dk aygY}
][kwfw,f pGrf;wmyJr[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJonfw f efc;kd awGeYJ vlawGukd vlu? vdv k si-f vdo
k vd?k rvdk
vsi-f rvdo k vdk jyKpm;wm? rçpwmawG vkyMf uw,f}
][kwfw,f vkyfwmyJ}
]onfvv kd yk w
f m cH&wJo h [ l m 0rf;enf;0rf;omrjzpfb;l vm;}
]jzpfwmaygY}
]onfawmh cH&ol[m qif;&Jcsr;f omvnf; jzpfrmS aygY}
]jzpfw,f}

ÓPuxm 839
]tJonfvkd cH&ol[m qif;&Jvsif onfvkd igèqif;&Jatmif

b,folvkyfwmvJ r½Smaybl;vm;}
]½SmrSmyJ}
]½Smvsif awGUrSmaygY}
]awGUrSmaygY-}
]awGUvsif tJonfou l v kd nf; igèvufpm;acs&r,fqNkd y;D ol
uvnf; tJonfou l kd wefc;kd eJY jyefjyKpm;rSmaygY}
][kwfw,fèjyKpm;rSmyJ}
]onfvq kd v kd sif yXrjyKpm;ol[m rcH&aybl;vm;}
]cH&rSmaygh}
]'gudkMunfhMur,f}
]b,fvkd Munfrh mS vJ}
]udk,fuvkyfvsif udk,fvnf;jyefcH&w,fvdkY rjzpfbl;vm;}
]jzpfw,f}
]tJonfc&H ol[m olvyk v f Ykd cH&wmvm;/ ud, k v
f yk v
f Ykd cH&
wmvm;-qdw k hJ ar;cGe;f ajzMunfMh ur,f/ b,fvv kd }J
]olvyk v f cYkd &H wm-vdYk jzpfayrJY ud, k v
f yk v
f cYkd &H wm-vdYk ajz&
rvdkyJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]ud, k vf yk v f Ykd oljyefvyk w f m cH&wmaMumifq h akd wmh ud, k v f yk f
vdYk ud,k cf &H wmaygY}

840 ÓPuxm
][kwfw,fèvlawGrSm aumif;çraumif; jzpfMuwmawG t

rsdK;rsdK; ½SdMuw,f/ tJ'gawG[m aygYaygYMunfhvsif olrsm;aMumifh
atmufarh&w,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]aoaocsmcsmMunfv h sif ud, k vf yk w f mawG ud, k rhf mS jyefjzpf
MuwmyJ-qdw k m odomw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]rSevf kd tvif;jyefwhJ t&mwpfcck u k kd tvif;eJx Y ;kd wJth cg
ud, k q hf D tvif;u jyefa&mufw,fr[kwv f m;}
][kwfw,f}
]onfvykd ?J taumif;çtqd;k awGvnf; ud, k v
f yk wf m ud, k qhf D
jyefwmawGyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvq dk v
kd sif udx
k eG ;f xGe;f OD;udk aumif;atmifçqd;k atmif
b,fou l vkyaf y;Edik o f vJ}
]b,forl S vkyrf ay;Edik yf gbl;}
]udxk eG ;f xGe;f OD;yJ vkyaf y;Edik w f ,faygY}
][kwyf gw,f/ uReaf wmfw½Ykd mG rSm tbd;k Bu;D awG½w dS ,f}
]tif;}
]olwYkd aeYwikd ;f bk&m;ausmif;oGm;Ny;D qkawmif;Muw,f}
]aMomfètif;}
]a½TawG&zdkY? aiGawG&zdkYaygY}

ÓPuxm 841
]aMomf}
]MumvSNyD}
]tif;}
]tvum;yJ? bmrSr&bl;yJ}
][kwfwmaygY? b,folu ay;ygYrvJ? udk,fvkyfrS udk,f&rSm
aygY}
][kwfw,f}
]udx
k eG ;f xGe;f OD; raumif;wmawG rvdck sib f ;l r[kwv
f m;}
]rvdkcsifbl;}
]'gqdk raumif;wJh "m;jyçolc;kd çazmufxiG ;f awG rvkyaf wmhryS }J
]uRefawmfu toufBuD;NyD? bmrSr½SdbJ bmvkyfpm;vdkY &
rvJ/ onfawmh wpfcgawmh wdu k &f OD;r,f xifw,f}
]tvsiu f tNrv J yk rf ,f &nf½, G cf zhJ ;l vdv
Yk m;}
]t&if;&½Hk &nf½, G w f myg}
]tckvnf; t&if;&atmif &nf½, G jf yefNyv D m;/ b0rSm okn
u p-&w,f/ 'grS cdik rf mw,f}
]oknu p-&rSm}
]at;}
]okn [kwv f m; okn}

842 ÓPuxm
103/ jrpfomNrKd Ue,f vGeaf usm&f b

J ufpcef;ü wynfw
h pfO;D tm;
½SifÓPajymaom tvkyfüpdwfxm;zdkYpum;
]onfrmS tvkyaf wGvyk &f wJt

h cg b,fvkd oabmxm;yg
ovJ}
][kww
f ,f? ig-b,fvo
kd abmxm;ovJqw
kd mvnf; ar;rd
w,f}
]b,fvkd tajzxGuv f }J
]tvkyu f awmh wm0eft& vky&f wmyJ? ud, k v f yk cf siv
f Ykd r
[kwfbl;yJ}
][kwfwmaygY}
]igu onfvdktvkyfawG vkyf&rSmvm;vdkYyJ}
]ar;&rSmaygY}
]igeJY onfvt kd vkyaf wGeYJ rawmfb;l vm;vdv Yk nf; wpfcg
ar;rdjyefw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]onftvkyfawGeJY rawmfbl;vdkY bmeJYtaMumif;jyrvJvdkY
tar;jyefxGufvmw,f}
][kwfwmaygY}
]igvkypf r½Sw
d myJ jzpfw,f? igYtod[m b,ftvkyrf S rwef
wmr½Sb d ;l / vlvyk o
f ifwh m igvkyo f ifw
h myJvYkd tajzxGuw f ,f}
]tvkyfu bmawGvJ}

ÓPuxm 843
]0gaumufeYJ aemufyikd ;f rSm vlig;&mavmufaomufrnfh a&

tdk;awG a&jznfh&wmyJ}
][kwNf y?D vkycf sed u f b,fvv kd }J
]0gaumufukd ckEpS ef m&Davmufu q,fem&DcaJG vmuf t
wGif;rSm aumufw,f}
]yifyef;rSmaygY}
]aeylw,f? a&iwfw,f? 0gtdwfu av;w,f/ 'gayrJY
aumuf&wm pdw0f if aysm½f iT yf gw,f}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]ud;k em&DoaH csmif;oHMum;vsif tazmfawG[m tckrS ud;k em&D
yJxdk;w,fvdkY NiD;Muw,f}
][kwfrSmyJ}
]"r®0[ d m&Dpw d xf rJ mS em&Du jrefvaS csvm;/ ud;k em&Dawmif
xd;k oGm;Nyv D m;vdYk cHpm;rdw,f/ q,fem&Dx;kd vdYk 0gaumuford ;f vsif
cPyJvYkd pdwu f xifw,f}
]b,fvdkpdwfeJY aumufaevdkYvJ}
]igè0gcsnef v YJ yk wf hJ t0wfawG oH;k cJw
h mMumvSNy?D tckvnf;
oH;k aewke;f yJ/ aemifvnf; oH;k OD;rSmyJ}
][kwfwmaygh}
]igoH;k wJh 0gxnfawG[m onfv0kd gyifu onfvykd aJ umuf
Ny;D vkyx f m;wmawG jzpfw,f}
][kwfwmyJ}

844 ÓPuxm
]tJonfvjkd zpfatmif olrsm;awG vkycf MhJ uwm rsm;vSNyyD }J

][kwfwmaygY}
]igèwpfcgrS raumufcJhzl;bl;}
][kwfom;}
]tckètcGiBhf uKH wek ;f igaumufvu kd rf ,fvyYkd ?J 0gaumufwm
xJrmS pdw"f mwfukd tjynfx h nfx
h m;vdu
k w f ,f/ onfawmh tcsed f
awGa&m? tyef;awGa&m? tqmawGa&m aysmufaysmufysufysuf
jzpfoGm;wmyJ}
]aumif;om;yJ}

ÓPuxm 845
104/ vGeaf usm&f b

J ufpcef; jrpfomNrKd Ue,fü &JbufwpfO;D tm;
½SifÓPajymaom uHtaMumif;pum;
]cav;? axmifb,favmufusovJ}
]wpfESpf}
]bmrIeJYvJ}
]uHqdk;vdkYyg}
]rifh 0&rf;xJrmS uHq;kd wJt
h wGuf axmifcsvu
kd w
f ,fvYkd yg
ovm;}
]b,fygrvJ}
]b,fvv kd ?J 0&rf;xJygwm ajymaygY}
]0&rf;xJrmS awmh cd;k rIaygY}
]tJ'gqdv k sif cd;k rIvaYkd jymaygY}
]tvsiu f vnf; cd;k vmwmyJ? axmifrusb;l / tckc;kd wmrS
axmifusw,f qdak wmh uHq;kd vdaYk ygY/ cd;k qd;k vdu Yk swmqdv
k sif tvsif
cd;k wmawGvnf; axmifusrmS aygY}
]at;uGm onfvv kd m;? pOf;pm;p&mygvm;}
]'gaMumifh uHq;kd vdYk ajymwmaygY}
]uHqw kd mudk rif;u b,fvjkd rifvv Ykd }J
]tJ'gawmh rodb?l / rodbjJ zpfwm[m uHyaJ ygY}
]onfvkd rvkyyf geJ}Y
]vlwikd ;f onfvykd J ajymMuwmyJ}

846 ÓPuxm
]'gvnf; [kww f myJ}

]onfvrkd ajymvsif uHukd b,fvakd jym&rSmvJ}
]rodwmudk odovdv k yk w
f m odyrf u
kd wf ,fvaYkd jymwm rMum;
zl;bl;vm;}
]Mum;awmh Mum;zl;w,f}
]'gqdk uHukd rodb;l r[kwv f m;}
]rodbl;}
]tJ'gudk odovdak jymawmh tJonfuu H kd jyKwmxufru kd o
f l
jzpfoGm;rSmaygY}
][kwfawmh [kwfw,f}
]'gaMumifh rodwmudk odovdk vkyrf ajymoifw h maygY}
]'gqdk bmaMumifh axmifusw,fajym&rvJ}
]½Sif;aewmyJuGm}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]rif; tvsicf ;kd wmawGrmS axmifrusb;l qdw k ,faemf}
][kwfw,f}
]tckc;kd wmrS usw,f qdw k ,faemf}
][kwfw,f}
]tJ'g&JU jcm;em;csuf Munfah ygY}
]tJonfEpS cf rk mS jcm;em;csuu f r½Sb d ;l / twly}J
]r[kwfao;ygbl;}
]bmjcm;em;vdkYvJ}

ÓPuxm 847
]tvsicf ;kd wmawGu rrdb;l ? ray:bl; r[kwv

f m;}
][kwfw,f}
]tckc;kd wmu rdw,f? 'grSr[kwf tcd;k ay:w,faygY [kwf
vm;}
][kwfw,f}
]tJ'g[m jcm;em;csuaf ygY}
]'gawmh [kww f maygY}
]'g[m rif;axmifuszrYkd uszt Ykd wGuf vHak vmufwt hJ aMumif;
yJ r[kwb f ;l vm;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]rrdvsif rusb;l ? rdawmh usw,fav}
]tJ'g bmjyKv}J
]rif;axmifuswm[m uHaMumifv h nf; r[kwb f ;l ? cd;k wm
aMumifv
h nf; r[kwb f ;l ? rdvq Ykd w kd m jzpfomG ;wmaygY}
]uHq;kd vdYk rdwmrsm;vm;rS rodwm}
]vmjyefNyD? uHqdk;vdkYqdkwm}
]rajym&bl;vm;}
]rodwm rajym&bl;}
]bmjzpfovJ}
]vlru kd x
f uf vlru kd jf zpfw,fvYkd ajymcJNh y;D NyyD }J
]b,fvkd vlru kd x f uf vlru kd jf zpfwmvJ}
]rif; ajym&wm ½Snv f u kd w f m}

848 ÓPuxm
]rodwm ar;&rSmaygY}
]at;è'gawmh rif;u[kwfw,f}
]'gqdk ajzaygh}
]at;èajz&r,f/ ajzay;&r,f}
]cd;k wm[m rduk Nf yaD emf}
][kwfw,f}
]cd;k wmrSm taMumif;roifv h Ykd axmifusNyq D ykd gawmh}
][kwfw,f}
]tJonf axmifuswmudk taMumif;rSe&f atmif r½SmbJ
taMumif;r[kwfwmudk taMumif;oGm;vkyfrdNyDqdkvsif tJonft
aMumif;udk ola½Smifr,f r[kwfvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]ola½SmifayrJY ola½Smifwmu axmifuswt hJ aMumif; r[kwf
bl;qdv
k sif olaxmifus vGwyf gYrvm;}
]rvGwfbl;}
]rvGwaf yrJY tJ'ga½Smif&rnfh 'kuu © awmh ol&NyrD [kwv f m;}
][kwfw,f}
]tJonfvkd jzpfomG ;wm[m ydrk u kd of mG ;wmaygY}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]taMumif;rSeu f kd rawGUEdik af wmhbJ axmifxyfuszyYkd J ½Sv d aYkd ygY}
][kww f myJ? 'gqdv k sif rdwm[m bmaMumifv h }J
]rrdatmif rcd;k rdvaYkd ygY}

ÓPuxm 849
][m;-}
]r[kwfvdkYvm;}
]cd;k wmuawmh rrdatmifyJ cd;k wmyJaygY}
]'gqdv k sif bmaMumifrh &d ovJ jyefpOf;pm;aygY/ ud, k o f x d m;
wJh tcsut f vuf wpfcck rk mS ;aevd/Yk 'grSr[kwf ud, k o
f &d rnfh t
csut f vuf wpfcck v k akd evd/Yk 'gawGyJ awGU&rSm r[kwv f m;}
]'gawmh 'gaygY}
]'gqdv k sif rdwm[m 'gaMumifyh aJ ygY/ wjcm;csp&m vdak o;
vdkYvm;}
][kwfawmh [kwfwmyJ}
]ud, k n f vhH Ykd rdwm? rdvYkd axmifuswmaygY}
]ud, k u f awmfayrJY tdr½f iS ef YJ ywf0ef;usi?f tkycf sKyo f l tJ'g
awGu ydak wmfvYkd axmifuswmqdv k siaf &m}
]tJ'gvnf; ud, k af ½Smv
f yYkd gyJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]olwaYkd wmfwmxuf ud, k u f rawmfwm[m ud, k af ½Smw f myJ
aygh}
][kwyf gw,f? onfvq kd akd wmh cd;k wm[m tjypfr½Sb d ;l vm;}
]½SdwmaygY}
]tckvkd axmifusc&H wm[m cd;k jypfc&H wm r[kwb f ;l vm;}
]r[kwfbl;}
]bmaMumifh cH&wmvJ}

850 ÓPuxm
]a½SmfwmaMumifh cH&wm}
][m}
][kwfw,f}
]cdk;jypfu b,fvdk[mvJ}
]aemufxyf xyfc;kd wJt
h jzpfukd &wmyJ? olc;kd jzpfwmaygYumG }
]'gvm;}
]at;}

ÓPuxm 851
105/ rEÅav; wGb J ufaxmifwpfwu

kd üf Edik if aH &;rIEiS hf
a&mufaeMuol vli,frsm;tm; ½SiÓ f Pajymaom
Ak'a¨ y;aomtod pum;
]bke;f Bu;D udk wynfah wmfwYkd ar;csiw f mav;awG ½Syd gw,f/

tJ'gav;awG ar;cGifhay;yg}
]ar;Muyg}
]bke;f Bu;D uajymw,f/ Ak'b ¨ mom[m wrvGeaf umif;usKd ;
udk wnfaqmufwhJ bmomr[kwb f ;l -vdyYk }J
][kwfw,f}
]wynfhawmfwdkY odxm;wmu w&m;"r®awGeJY ukodkvf
aumif;rIawG rSeo f rQ[m aemifb0wrvGeu f v
kd nf; taxmuft
uljyK wnfaqmufzv Ykd -Ykd jzpfw,f}
][kwfwmaygY}
]onfawmh wrvGet f wGuf r[kwaf wmhb;l qdv k sif onf
b0twGuf w&m;"r®eYJ ukov kd af umif;rIawGu b,fvt kd usKd ;awG
jzpfw,fqw kd m jrifatmif jyOD;rSy}J
]at;aygY}
]Ak'¨bmomu wynfhawmfwdkYudk bmay;rSmvJ? onfb0rSm
aygY bk&m;}
][kww f ,f? 'gèar;&rSmyJ}
]tJ'g ajym-bk&m;}

852 ÓPuxm
]Ak'b
¨ momu Ak'b ¨ mom0ifawGukd ay;wmwpfcyk ½J w dS ,f}
]tJ'g bmvJ bk&m;}
]'kuj© zpf&mjzpfaMumif;eJY Nird ;f &mNird ;f aMumif; toduav;yJ}
]'gyJvm; bk&m;}
]'gyJ}
]wjcm; today;a[mMum;csuaf wG ½Sad o;w,fr[kwv f m;}
]r½Sdbl;}
]onf wpfcx k yJ v
J m;}
]'gyJ}
]yd#uwfxrJ mS w&m;awG trsm;Bu;D ½Sw d ,f r[kwv f m;
bk&m;}
]½Sdw,f}
]tJ'gawGu bmawGv}J
]'gyJ ajymwmawGy}J
]'ku©jzpf&mjzpfaMumif;eJY Nidrf;&mNidrf;aMumif;yJvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]'gqdv k sif bmjzpfvYkd trsm;tjym;jzpfae&wmvJ}
]'gudv k nf; em;axmifoal wG&UJ tvdak wGvu kd Nf y;D awmh jzpf
jzpf? ajymqdo k &l UJ ajymqdw
k thJ cg pdwjf zpfay:rIvu
kd Nf y;D awmhjzpfjzpf
w&m;a[muGufawG rsm;aewmyJ}
]Ak'b¨ momu Ak'b ¨ mom0ifawGukd ay;Ekid w f m[m onf
toduav;wpfckwnf;ygvm;}

ÓPuxm 853
]'gyJ}
]wjcm;bmqdkbmrS ray;bl;vm;}
]ray;bl;}
]ay;w,fqv kd sif tJ'g rSm;wmaygY}
][kwfw,f}
]Ak'b
¨ momu Ak'b ¨ mom0ifawGuakd y;wm[m 'gyJqv kd sif
Ak'b
¨ mom0ifawG[m Ak'b ¨ momqDu&wm renf;bl;vm;}
]renf;ygbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]vHkavmufvdkYygyJ}
]b,fvdk vHkavmufwmvJ}
]vl&UJ vdt k ifjynf0h wm vHak vmufwmaygY}
]'guav;eJY b,fjynfrh vJ}
]bmawGvdkvdkYvJ}
]trsm;BuD;aygY}
]tm½Hck pH m;rI trsKd ;rsKd ;awG vdck siw
f ,f/ tmPmawG vdck sif
w,f/ i&J? Nyw d må tjzpfu vGww f mawG vdck siw
f ,f/ vlçewfçjA[®m
tjzpfawG vdck siw f ,f/ aemufq;kH aemifb0rjzpf&wJh edAmÁ ef vdck sif
w,f}
]rsm;vSacsvm;}
]'gècsKyaf jymwmyJ ½Sad o;w,f}
]tJ'gawG[m vlUvdt k ifawG r[kwyf gbl;}

854 ÓPuxm
]'gawGukd vlawGvckd siw f m r[kwb f ;l qdv k w

kd mvm;}
]at;}
]vlvckd siw f mawG[m vlUvdt k ifawGyJ r[kwv f m;}
]vlvdkcsifwmwdkif; vlvdktifr[kwfygbl;}
]vlv Y t kd ifr[kww f hJ vlvckd siw f mu bmawGv}J
]pdwZå vdck sirf aI wGaygY}
]pdwZå vdck sirf [ I m b,fv[ kd mawGv}J
]wpfpw kH pf&m om,mcHpm;cH&zl;wmudrk NDS y;D tJonfvkd om
,mcHpm;cJ&Y zl;wmeJY pdwu f ;l ,Of om,mcHpm;p&mawG vdck siw f maygY}
]cHpm;rI vdkcsifwmvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]cHpm;rI vdck siw f mwdik ;f pdwZå vm;}
][kwfw,f}
]pnf;pdrt f mPmawG vdck siw f m pdwZå aygY}
]cHpm;rItwGuf vdck siw f mqdv k sif pdwZå yJ}
]cHpm;rItwGurf [kww f hJ pnf;pdrt f mPmvdck siw f m ½Sad o;
vm;}
]½SdwmaygY}
]b,fvkd vdck siw f hJ pnf;pdrt f mPmvJ}
]Nird ;f csr;f rItqifwefqm vu©PmeJY Nird ;f csr;f rI&UJ toH;k t
aqmif y&du&© mjzpfwhJ pnf;pdrt f mPm vdck sirf aI wGaygY}
]tJonf vdck sio f ul pnf;pdrt f mPmudk rcHpm;bl;vm;}

ÓPuxm 855
]cHpm;wmaygY}
]cHpm;zdYk vdck siw f meJY bmxl;vdv
Yk }J
]xl;ygw,f}
]xl;yHkajymygOD;}
]ruse;f rmwJt h cg aq;aomufw,f}
]aomufw,f}
]aomufwahJ q;u oMum;tkyaf q;jzpfvsif aomufwt hJ cg
csdKwJht&om rcHpm;bl;vm;}
]cHpm;w,f}
]aq;aomufwm[m cHpm;zdkYvm;? a&m*gaysmufzdkYvm;}
]aysmufzdkYyJ}
]cHpm;zdrYk [kwaf yrJY cHpm;wm oabmaygufNyv D m;}
][kwfyghbk&m;}
]vlçewfçjA[®mjzpfjzpf vdck siwf m[m cHpm;rItwGujf zpfvsif
pdwåZvdkcsifrIyJ}
]pdwZå vdck sirf aI wG[m vlUvdtk ifr[kwb
f ;l qdv
k sif vlv
Y t kd if
jzpfwhJ vdck siwf mu bmvJ}
]Nidrf;csrf;vGwfvyfrI}
]'gyJvm;}
]'gyJ}
]enf;vScsnfvm;}
]ta&twGuef YJ rajym&bl;}

856 ÓPuxm
]bmeJYajym&rvJ}
]vHNk cKH jynf0h rI ½Sçd r½Sed yYJ J ajym&r,f}
]vlYvdktif[m onfwpfckwnf;yJvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]'g½Sv d sif vlb Y 0 tvH;k pHk jynf0h Nyv D m;}
][kwfw,f}
]pm;0wfaea&;? use;f rma&;awGa&m jynfNh yv D m;}
]Nird ;f csr;f vGwv f yfot l wGuf 'gawGu rajymyavmufwm
awGy/J ty,du awGaygY}
]b,fvkd em;vnf&rvJ}
]rvGwv f yfç rNird ;f csr;f olawmif 'gawGjynf0h ao;vsif vGwf
vyfNird ;f csr;f aeolu bmajymp&mvdo k vJaygY}
][kwfwmyJ}
]Nird ;f csr;f vGwv f yfr}I -[m vl&Y UJ wpfcw k nf;aomvdt k if [kwf
w,faemf}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gqdv k sif tJonfv h t kd if jynf0h wm[m vl&Y UJ vdt
k ifcyford ;f
Nidrf;wmyJ [kwf&JUvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJonfNird ;f csr;f rI&zdYk bmvky&f rvJ? vkyyf gOD;}
]'kuj© zpfwm avhvmNy;D ? jzpfaMumif; y,fEikd af tmif avhusihf
p&mawG avhusi&hf r,f r[kwv f m;}

ÓPuxm 857
][kwfw,f}
]avhusifhp&mrodbJ avhusifhvdkYjzpfrvm;}
]rjzpfbl;}
]avhvmod½pdS &m bmvJ- rodbJ avhvmvdv Yk nf; jzpfygYr
vm;}
]rjzpfbl;}
]y,fp&mbmvnf; rodbJ y,fvjYkd zpfrvm;}
]rjzpfbl;}
]&,lp&mbmvJrodbJ &,lcsiaf &m jzpfrvm;}
]rjzpfbl;}
]onfav;ckord S 'gawG&UJ olvyk pf &m½Sw
d mawGvyk Nf y;D jzpfr,f
r[kwfvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]'gaMumifh odwmwpfcw k nf; ay;wmjzpfayrJY vlt Y wGuf
vHkavmufygw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]vlawG[m vlawG&UJ &p&mudk odw,fxifovm;}
]rodygbl;}
]tckyJ vl&p&mjzpfwhJ vlvY t
kd ifawGtaMumif; ajymcJw h ,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]vdt
k ifr[kwwf mawG[m pdwZå vdck siw f mawGaygY/ 'gawGukd
vlawGu &p&m xifaeMuwm r[kwfvm;}

858 ÓPuxm
][kwfygw,f}
]'gawG&awmh Ny;D rSmvm;}
]&avvdak v tdw k apä}-vdYk ½Sw
d myJ bk&m;}
]tJ'g &p&mtppftrSe[ f m bmvdyYk J rodwm}
][kwfygw,f}
]'grodawmh tusdK;rrsm;bl;aygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]w&m;qdwk m tusKd ;rsm;wm jzpf&rSmr[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gaMumifh tusKd ;rsm;atmif &p&mtppftrSeo f zd Ykd a[mwm
yJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]y,fp&mudv k nf; vlawGtrsKd ;rsKd ; rodMubl;vm;}
]odMuygw,f}
]0ufom;y,folu ry,fbl;vm;}
]y,fygw,f}
]trJom;y,fola&m r½Sdbl;vm;}
]½Sdygw,f}
]jyó'g; y,foal &m}
]½Sdygw,f}
]ewfçe*g;y,folu ry,fbl;vm;}
]y,fygw,f}

ÓPuxm 859
]igçolwyg; y,fov l nf; ½Sw

d ,fr[kwv f m;}
]½Sdygw,f}
]vlawGy,fMuwmawGu rrsm;bl;vm;}
]rsm;wmyJ}
]y,fp&mwpfcek YJ wpfck rwlvYkd jiif;cHMk uwm ½Sad o;vm;}
]½Sdygw,f}
]tppftrSeyf ,fp&m[m bmjzpfw,fqw kd modzYkd rvdb
k ;l
vm;}
]vdkygw,f}
]oifcef;pm,lp&mvnf; onfvykd /J ud, k x
f ifwmudk oifcef;
pm ,laeMuwmyJ/ tppftrSef oifcef;pm,lp&mqdw k m bmvJvYkd
odMuwm r[kwb f ;l }
]tJ'gu bmvJ}
]rvGwfvyfwmaygY}
]bmawG rvGwfvyfwmvJ}
]ud,
k uhf ,
kd çf EIwçf ESv;kH vGeuf sL;rIawG[m rvGwv f yfwmaygY}
]b,fvdk rvGwfvyfwmvJ}
]ysufpD;aew,f? usqHk;aew,f? rydkifrpdk;jzpfaew,f? onf
vdk rSwfom;p&mawG jzpfaewmawGaygY}
]'gudk bmaMumifh rvGwv f yfb;l ajym&wmvJ}
]'gawGjzpfvsif ywf0ef;usiv f al wGeYJ Niad ew,f? pGe;f aew,f?
'gaMumifh rvGwb f ;l ajym&wm}

860 ÓPuxm
]onf[mawG[m 'kua© wGaygY}

][kwfw,f}
]'ku©uvnf; udk,fxifcsif&mxifMuwmyJ}
]tJonfvkd oifcef;pm,lp&mr[kww f m oGm;,lapvdv Yk nf;
udpöNyD;ygYrvm;}
]rNyD;bl;}
]'gaMumifh 'godzv Ykd nf; ta&;Bu;D w,f r[kwv f m;}
][kwfw,f}
]avhusiyhf mG ;rsm;p&mvnf; avmurSm trsm;Bu;D yJ r[kwf
vm;}
]rsm;w,f}
]c&pf,meftusi?hf rlqviftusi?hf [dEL´ tusihf b,f*P kd ;f
tusi?hf txuftusi?hf atmuftusihf pHak ewmyJ}
][kwfw,f}
]'gawG tukeu f siv hf Ykd jzpfygYrvm;}
]b,fjzpfrvJ}
]bmusifh&r,fvdkY bmeJYa½G;rvJ}
]ra½G;wwfp&myJ}
]usiphf &mr[kww f m usiv hf aYkd &m tusKd ;rsm;rvm;}
]rrsm;bl;}
]onfawmh 'godzv Ykd nf; rvdb k ;l vm;}
]vdkw,f}

ÓPuxm 861
]vlawG[m trSefrBudKufMubl;vm;}
]BudKufw,f}
]trSeqf w
kd m b,fEpS cf su½f o
dS vJ ar;vsif ajzEdik o
f l ½Syd gY
rvm;}
]cJ,Of;ygw,f}
]wpfckcsif;&JUt&aumufvdkYa&m jyEdkifMuygYrvm;}
]a0;ygao;&JU}
]trSef[m vlwdkif;&JU tm;udk;&myJ r[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]vlawG&UJ ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;kH vIy½f mS ;rIawG[m olwrYkd eS w
f ,f
xifxm;wmrSm vIyf½Sm;aeMuwmyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]vlawG taumif;tqd;k trsKd ;rsKd ; uGaJ ewm[mvnf; trSef
t&aumuf vGMJ uvdyYk }J
][kwfygw,f}
]olc;kd "m;jyu ck;d wmwdu k w f mvnf; rSew f ,fxifvyYkd }J
][kwfygw,f}
]c&pf,mefçrlqvifu c&pf,mefçrlqvifu;kd uG,w f mvnf;
rSefw,fxifvdkYyJ}
]aA'if?ewf?pke;f ,Ho k u l ,Mwmçewfpmçpke;f pm vkyw f mawG
vnf; tJ'gawG rSew f ,fxifvyYkd J r[kwv f m;}

862 ÓPuxm
]&efjzpfMuwm? ppfcif;MuwmawGvnf; ud, k bhf ufu rSef

w,fxifvyYkd J r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]trSeaf wG wpfO;D eJw Y pfO;D uGv
J aJG evdYk onfvjdk zpfMuwm r
[kwfbl;vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvkd uGv J aJG tmifvnf; trSew f ifjyolawGu trsKd ;rsKd ;
uGJvGJMuw,f r[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]'óeq&mawG[m trSeaf umufjyorm;awG r[kwv f m;}
][kwfw,f}
]jA[®PawGu £oG&[m trSev f aYkd jymw,f/ tJ'gtrSeq f kd
Ny;D odoal wGu [dEL´ bmom0ifawG jzpfMuw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]c&pfa,½Iu a,[d0k g;[m trSev f aYkd jymw,f/ rd[ k mrufu
tv’m[k[m trSev f aYkd jymw,f/ olwaYkd emufu vlawGu c&pf
,mefç rlqvifawG jzpfvmMuw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]umvrwfu ö ½kyt f ajctaet& jzpfxeG ;f aewJh ordik ;f [m
trSejf zpfw,f ajymw,f/ ordik ;f ½ky&f UJ trSeu f kd 'gtrSeyf J odoal wG
[m uGejf rLepfawG jzpfvmMuw,f}
][kwfw,f}

ÓPuxm 863
]t,fvb f wfurl;wdYk ,ef;aygqwfwu Ykd olwaYkd ½SUu ajym

oGm;MuwJh eda½S;wdYk a'um;wdv Yk ykd J vl[mtrSejf zpfw,fvYkd ajymoGm;
Muw,f/ tJ'gtrSev f Ykd odoal wGu tduq ú pfawG jzpfvmMuw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]ewfuawmfawG? bd;k awmfawGeYJ aA'ifq&mawGu ewfawG?
"mwfawG? eu©waf wG[m trSeaf wGjzpfw,f ajymMuw,f/ tJ'g
trSex f ifoal wGu ewform;? "mwform;? eu©wo f rm;awG jzpf
vmMuw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]½kytf pdwt f ydik ;f awG&UJ tEkjrLtxd jzpfysuo f ;kH pG&J wmawG
odwJh odyÜHq&mawGu ½kyfawG[m trSefawGjzpfw,fajymw,f?
'godwv hJ al wGu "mwkoyd o HÜ rm;awG jzpfvmMuw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]tdik pf wdik ;f wdvYk kd j'yfawGukd pGr;f tiftjzpf ajymif;vJwm
jrifoal wGu pGr;f tifawG[m trSeaf wGjzpfw,fvaYkd jymw,f/ 'gudk
rSefw,fodolawGu EdIif;&"r®vufcHolawG jzpfvmw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]onfvkd trSejf rifol 'óeq&mawG uGjJ ym;awmh olwYkd
aemufu vdu k of al wGvnf; uGMJ uNy;D vlom;awG tpkawGuNJG y;D jiif;
MuckMH u y#dyu©jzpfMuw,f}
][kwfw,f}

864 ÓPuxm
]onftrSeaf wG[m vlt Y wGuf jiif;ckrH u I kd rjzpfapwJh trSef

w&m; [kwu f vhJ m;}
]r[kwfbl;}
]vl&Y UJ tvH;k pHk jynf0h wJh vGwaf jrmufNird ;f csr;f rIuakd &m o,fy;kd
ay;wJh trSew f &m; [kw&f UJ vm;}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]Ak'b ¨ momuazmfay;wJh trSew f &m;[m 'kuj© zpf&mç jzpf
aMumif;eJY vGw&f mvGwaf Mumif; trSejf zpfw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]onftrSe[ f m b,foUl jiif;ckrH I cH&p&m ½So d vJ}
]enf;enf;csUJ Ny;D ½Si;f ay;ygOD;}
]Ak'b ¨ momuajymwJh 'kuj© zpf&mtrSeu f kd b,fou l vufrcH
bJ jiif;qefrvJ}
]ud, k hf ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;kH vGeu f sL;rIawGeYJ usq;kH çysupf ;D çtESpf
rJah ewJh tjzpfawG[m 'kuj© zpfwm r[kwb f ;l vdYk b,forl S jiif;rSm
r[kwfygbl;}
]tJ'gawGukd oabmusNy;D jyKvyk v f akd ewmawG[m 'ku©
jzpfaMumif; tESpv f Ykd ajymcsuu f akd &m b,fojl iif;rSmvJ}
]r½Sdygbl;}
]'gawG r½Sdwm[m vlYvGwfajrmufNidrf;rItrSefqdkwma&m
b,foljiif;rSmvJ}
]r½Sdygbl;}

ÓPuxm 865
]onfvdkNidrf;zdkY 'ku©jzpf&mawGudk trSeftwdkif;jrifatmif

Munfw h m[m 'kuN© ird ;f aMumif;trSejf zpfw,f-qdw k mudak &m b,fol
jiif;rSmvJ}
]r½SEd ikd yf gbl;}
]'gawG[m b,forl S ausysuaf tmif rvkyEf ikd w f mom r
[kwb f ;l / 'gawG[m vlt Y usKd ;udk wu,fNird ;f csr;f vGwaf jrmufatmif
ro,fydk;Edkifbl;vm;}
]o,fydk;EdkifwmyJ}
]Ak'b
¨ mom&JU onftrSeu f kd cH,w
l thJ wGuf vlawG tkypf u k JG
p&m ½So d vm;}
]jiif;ckpH &mawGa&m ½So d vm;}
]r½Sdygbl;}
]onftrSe[ f m wjcm;trSev f ufcoH w l pfO;D OD;&JU trSeef YJ y#d
yu©½Sdovm;}
]r½Sdygbl;}
]wjcm;trSev f ufco H l wpfO;D OD;u olwt Ykd rSef wnfaqmuf
wJt
h cg tJonftrSef jzpfajrmufvmzdYk onftrSeu f kd wdu k cf u
kd af cs
zsuyf pfzYkd vkypf &m½So d vm;}
]onfvv kd nf; r½Syd gbl;}
]onfawmh Ak'b ¨ momuajymwJh trSew f &m;[m tvH;k pHNk y;D
jynfph wkH thJ &m jzpfraebl;vm;}
]jzpfaeygw,f}

866 ÓPuxm
]Ak'b¨ momu 'guav;odzYkd wpfcw k nf;yJajymygw,f/ 'g

ayrJY onfajymcsu[ f m vltY wGuf vHak vmufw,fr[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gqdv k sif Ak'b ¨ momqDu 'guav;udyk J &atmif,Ml uygvdYk
ajym&r,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]'guav;&vsif Edik if aH &;çpD;yGm;a&;çynma&;çvlraI &; tpp
awG aumif;vmygvdrrhf ,f}
]b,fvq kd ufpyfrvJ bk&m;}
]onftrSeo f od [
l m tm;vH;k udo k Ed ikd o f l jzpfvmvdyYk }J
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]todpw d (f OD;aESmuf)xJrmS A½kwo f u k (© tpG)J awGu ydwq f Ykd
xm;wm r½Sad wmhvyYkd }J
]A½kwo f u k t© pGaJ wGqw kd mu b,fv[ kd mawGvJ bk&m;}
]rodE;kd em;wke;f u awGUBuKH cpH m;&wJt h &mawGukd todi,fwhJ
tavQmuf tvGv J t
JG rSm;rSm; odjrifrw
S of m; cHpm;xm;wmawGaygY}
]tJ'gawGu Ny;D cJNh yrD [kwv f m; bk&m;}
]tJ'gawGu zsurf ypfvsif rysub f J vl&UJ awG;awm qifjcif
rIrmS tcsut f vufawGtjzpf yg0ifpu G zf ufaew,f}
]'gawGu todrSeftwGuf tydwftqdkYawGaygY}
][kww f ,fètodreS &f ol[m 'gawGz,fNy;D NyjD zpfvYkd tppawG
rSm trSe&f atmif awG;ac:odjrifEikd w f ,f/ odjrif&wJyh akH wG[m yHk

ÓPuxm 867
aoawGr[kwfbJ o&D;'D(Three dimension)yHkawGvdk jzpfvmr,f}

]tJ'g enf;enf;ay:atmif ajymygOD;bk&m;}
]yHkpHxkwfMunfhr,f}
]vkyyf g bk&m;}
]Edik if aH wmfeYJ e,fy,fNrKd U½GmawG qdyk gawmh}
]bmjyKovJ bk&m;}
]taumifyavmifawGtjzpf ouf0if½iS o f ef vIy½f mS ;vm
vdrfhr,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]tJ'gawG[m taumifawGyJ}
]oufrJhawG r[kwfbl;vm;}
]r[kwfbl;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]NrKd U½Gmqdwk hJ qJv(f cell)awGeYJ ½Sio
f efaewJh taumif[m
EdkifiHawmfyJ}
]toif;tzGJUawGvnf; onfvdkyJvm;}
]toif;0ifawG[m toif;tzGJUqdkwJh taumif&JUqJvfawG
yJ}
]wpfNrdKUwpf½Gmwpfoif;qdkwmawG[m waumifyJaygh}
][kwfw,f}
]wpfEikd if H wpfoif;wpfzUJG qdw k mawG[m taumifBu;D awG
jzpfw,f-qdv k sif onftaumifBu;D awG[m vlukd ulnED ikd ?f aESmifh

868 ÓPuxm
,SufEdkifrSmaygYaemf}
][kwfwmaygY}
]'gqdak wmh aMumuf½UHG ½dak op&myJ}
]'gèwu,fjzpfw,f rodawmh cav;[m a>rçuif;pwJh tEÅ
&m,fawG raMumufr½GUH r½dak oovdjk zpfNy;D tEÅ&m,f&Muwm jzpf
w,f}
]onfvdkvm;}
]'gavmufawmifrubl;}
]ajymygOD;}
onfètd;k awGçzsmawGçoHwikd af wGvnf; ouf½adS wGjzpfw,f}
]ouf½q dS kd vIyEf ikd w f ,fr[kwv
f m;}
][kwfw,f}
]'gawGu vIyv f v Ykd m;}
]vIyfw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]zsmr½dak ovdYk csKd ;ypfvsif zsmu Murf;ay:tdy&f atmif jyKpm;
rSmyJ}
]zsm½dkaovsifawmh b,fvdkrçp rSmvJ}
]Murf;ay:rtdy&f atmif rçp rSmaygY}
]oHwdkifawGu b,fvdkvJ}
]wdkYudk rajy;Edkifatmif apmifhay;aew,fav}
]tm;èbk&m;}

ÓPuxm 869
106/ rEÅav; wGb J ufaxmifo;kH aqmifü ykord Bf u;D ½H;k rS

w&m;olBu;D rsm; w&m;cGiwf iG f rEÅav;wdik ;f vufaxmuf
omoema&;rSL;tm; ½SiÓ f Pajymaom y#da0" pum;
]wdik ;f omoema&; vufaxmufBu;D [m omoema&;vkyf

ief; vkyaf eoljzpfvYkd omoema&;eJpY yfNy;D jzpfwhJ vkyif ef;rSm trSeo f d
Edik çf rodEikd f ay:vGiaf tmif enf;enf;ar;ygr,f}
]ar;yg}
]wdik ;f vufaxmuf omoema&;rSL;Bu;D [m t&d,m jzpfNyD
vm;? rjzpfao;bl;vm;}
]rjzpfao;ygbl;}
]onfvq kd v
kd sif wdik ;f vufaxmuf omoema&;rSL;Bu;D [m
ykxZk Ofjzpfw,fvYkd 0efcrH mS aygY}
]0efcHygw,f}
]ykxZk Of[m 'd|jd yKwNf yv D m;? rjyKwaf o;bl;vm;qdw k m om
oema&;rSL;Bu;D odygovm;}
]odygw,f/ rjyKwaf o;ygbl;}
]'d|jd yKwwf ,fqw kd m rdpmä 'd|rd ½Sw
d m&JU emrnf [kwyf govm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]rdpmä 'd|[
d m or®m'd|&d UJ qefu Y sibf uf[w k yf g&JUvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]Ak'b ¨ mom[m or®m'd|b d momvm;? rdpmä 'd|b d momvm;}

870 ÓPuxm
]or®m'd|dbmomyg}
]onfvq kd akd wmh wdik ;f vufaxmufomoema&;rSL;Bu;D [m
Ak'b
¨ mom [kwyf gYrvm;}
][kwyf gw,f? avmuDor®m'd|jd zpfvyYkd g}
]omoema&;rSL;Bu;D [m ud, k o hf moemudk awmfawmf t
aumif;xifykH &ygw,f? tJ'g rSeçf rrSeo f &d atmif enf;enf;ar;ygY
r,f}
]ar;yg}
]onfomoemrSm bke;f Bu;D ta&twGuf b,favmuf½ydS g
ovJ}
]wpfodef;ausmfavmuf ½Sdygw,f}
]bke;f Bu;D awG bmvkyif ef;awG vkyaf eMuygovJ}
]trsm;tm;jzifh y&d,wfoif,çl ydcYk s vkyaf eMuygw,f/ y#d
ywfusifholawGvnf; usifhaeMuygw,f}
]y&d,wf[m y#dywfusizhf v Ykd rf;ñTeq f w
kd m [kwyf govm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]y#dywf[m y#da0"jzpfzYkd jznfu h si&hf wm [kwyf govm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvq kd vkd sif ArmjynfrmS bke;f Bu;D ig;aomif;ausmf
avmufu y#da0" &NyD ajymEdik Mf uw,fvYkd Mum;zl;ygovm;}
]rMum;zl;ygbl;}

ÓPuxm 871
]bke;f Bu;D wpfaomif;avmufu ajymwma&m Mum;zl;ygo

vm;}
]rMum;zl;ygbl;}
]onfvq kd kd bke;f Bu;D ig;axmifavmufu ajymEdik pf &myJ/ 'g
rsm; Mum;zl;ovm;}
]rMum;zl;ygbl;}
]bkef;BuD;wpfaxmifavmufajymwmawmh Mum;zl;rvm;yJ}
]rMum;zl;ygbl;}
]bke;f Bu;D ig;&mavmufu ajymwmrsm; Mum;zl;ygovm;}
]rMum;zl;ygbl;}
]bke;f Bu;D wpf&mavmufuawmh ajymrSmaygY/ tJ'g Mum;zl;yg
ovm;}
]tJ'gvnf; rMum;zl;ygbl;}
]bke;f Bu;D ig;q,fu ajymwmrsm; Mum;zl;ygovm;}
]rMum;zl;ygbl;}
]bkef;BuD;wpfyg;u ajymwmavmufawmh Mum;zl;rvm;}
]'gvnf; rMum;zl;ygbl;}
]wpfyg;u ajymwmawmif rMum;zl;bl; jzpfaeovm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfomoem[m jrefrmjynfrmS ESpaf ygif;ud;k &mausmu f
wpfaxmife;D xd MumcJNh yq D w
kd m trSev f m;}
][kwfygw,f}

872 ÓPuxm
]onfavmuf tcsed t f wGi;f rSm bke;f Bu;D awG[m a&wGuf

rvG,af tmif rrsm;Edik b f ;l vm;}
]rsm;Edkifygw,f}
]bkef;BuD;awGvnf; onfy&d,wfawG oifMum;rSmyJ r[kwf
ygvm;}
]oifrSmyg}
]onfbek ;f Bu;D awGvnf; onfy#da0"udk &Nyv D Ykd b,foaYl jym
oHrS omoema&;rSL;Bu;D r,fr,f&& rMum;çrawGUzl;bl; r[kwyf g
vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvq kd v kd sif onfomoem[m tvkyjf zpfwhJ omoem
vm;? tvkyfrjzpfwJh omoemvm;ar;vsif omoema&;rSL;BuD;
b,fvdkajzrvJ}
]w&m;olBu;D cifAsm;? 'gawG[m trIerYJ qdik yf gbl;? 'gaMumifh
'gawGrar;apcsifygbl;}
]'gètrIeq YJ ikd yf gw,f? onfomoem&JU twdrt f eufepYJ yfNy;D
ay:vGirf q
I ikd &f m xGuq f ckd suf oufaojzpfrmS zdyYk }J

ÓPuxm 873
107/ rEÅav; ajrmufjyifoydwu f ef; OD;ode;f armiftrd üf

'umBu;D OD;0if;armifEiS hf rdwaf qGrsm;tm; ½SiÓf Pajymaom
t&nf;aus;Zl;pum;
]t&nf;aus;Zl;}-qdw k phJ mwrf;uav;wpfapmif cspOf ;D ndKqD

ydkYcJYao;w,f}
]&Jbufpcef;wkef;u ydkYwmvm;bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]cspOf ;D ndKqD bmtwGuyf w Ykd mvJ bk&m;}
]olu p½du k rf eS f 0w¬Ka&;wwfoq l akd wmh jyefa&;csipf w d af y:
NyD; a&;atmifvdkYyJ}
]t&nf;aus;Zl;-u emrnfvm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]bmqdv k w kd mvJ bk&m;}
]yk*t
H &nf;Bu;D awG[m onfaeY ArmawG&UJ aus;Zl;½Siaf wG
jzpfw,f/ aus;Zl;½Sirf eS ;f ArmawGrodMubl;/ rodawmh aus;pGyMf u
w,f}
]b,fvkd aus;pGyMf uwmvJ bk&m;}
]t&nf;Bu;D awGvykd q J Nkd y;D uJ&h UJ p&mudk ckid ;f EdiI ;f &mrSm? rSm;oGm;
wJhtxd t&nf;awGudk toHk;jyKMuwmyJ}
]qJqw kd pYJ um;vH;k jzpfaewmaygY}
][kwfw,f}

874 ÓPuxm
]olwu Ykd b,fvakd us;Zl;½Sw d mvJ bk&m;? tJ'g vkyyf gOD;}

]yXr? t&nf;BuD;udk teufzGifhay;w,f}
]olt
Y euf t"dygÜ ,fu bmvJ bk&m;}
]t&d,mBuD;yJ}
]olrsm;awG onfvdkyJzGifhovm;}
]rzGifhbl;}
]q&mawmfu bmaMumifh onfvzkd iG w hf mvJ}
]olwdkYtzGifh rSm;wmodvdkYyJ}
]olwu Ykd b,fvzkd iG v
hf v
Ykd }J
]tm&nu}-yk'u f vmw,f/ t"dygÜ ,fu awm&yk*Kd¾ vBf u;D
aygY}
]tJ'g b,fvrkd mS ;wmvJ bk&m;}
]olwu Ykd ]tm&nu0goD}-awGrS r[kww f myJ}
]bm0goD-awGvJ bk&m;}
]vlawmwd;k Ny;D vlt Y rIupd cö yford ;f rSm bk&m;çw&m;u OD;
aqmifvrf;ñTefr,f-qdkwJh 0g'yJ}
]'gu b,fvo kd &d wmvJ bk&m;}
]t&nf;Bu;D awGu r[m,me Ak'b ¨ mombke;f Bu;D awGy}J
]r[m,meawG&UJ &nf½, G cf suuf 'gjzpfvv Ykd m;}
][kwwf ,fèolwu Ykd omoemudk awmxJu vlvufwpf
qkyx
f rJ mS yJ wdrjf rKyrf ae apcsio f al wGy}J

ÓPuxm 875
]'gaMumifh t&nf;BuD;udk tm&nu zGifhwmrSm;aMumif;

odwmaygY}
][kwfw,f}
]t&nf;u t&d,mBu;D b,fvjkd zpfvmwmvJ bk&m;}
]t&d,myk'[ f m t&d,çf t&Jçt&nf; onftoHawG ajymif;
ydik cf iG hf ½Sw
d mawGy}J
]'gaMumifh t&nf;[m t&d,myk'u f vmwm odwmaygY}
][kwfw,f}
]olw[ Ykd m ArmawG&UJ aus;Zl;½Siu f b,fvjkd zpfwmvJ}
]Arm[m yk*rH mS t&nf;ausmif;awmfawGrmS ynm&ifEaYkd wG
aomufpdkYMu&w,f}
]t&nf;ausmif;u bmawGoifay;owJv h J bk&m;}
]tpHktaphyJ}
]bmawGvJ bk&m;}
]t|m&oodyÜawGaygY}
]qifp;D ?jrif;pD;?"m;ckw?f vSx
H ;kd utp uçrI?qdrk ?I tkycf sKypf rD rH ?I
ppfcspD pfwuf? aq;0g;?pmay onfv[ kd mawGvm;}
]'gaygY}
]tJonfacwf ArmvlawG[m tawmfuav; cRefMuyHkyJ}
]anmifO;D zD;? iaxG;½l;? ivH;k vufz,f? iuse&f pf/ onfol
awG[m b,fuynm &rvJ/ ArmawG[m a½S;tcgu EGm;ajc&m
uGuv f kd uGuu f u G u
f av;awGrmS aecJyh ykH gyJ/ tckètaemf&xm[m

876 ÓPuxm
oxHkudkoGm;wdkufw,f/ ½Srf;? ucsif?csif;-'gawGyg tifyg,mBuD;

wpfckjzpfatmif tpGrf;xufwmawG awGU&w,f}
][kwfwmyJ}
]onfaeY jrefrme,ferd w d [ f m taemf&xm&JU e,ferd w d yf }J
][kwfygw,f}
]taemf&xm[m onfe,ferd w d ½f wdS hJ tifyg,mudk b,fu
ynmeJY wnfaqmufovJ-ar;vsif t&nf;ausmif;awmfuvGv J Ykd ajz
p&mr½Sdbl;}
][kwfwmyJ}
]'gqdv
k sif onfaeYjrefrme,ferd w d [ f m t&nf;ynmeJY wnf
aqmufvYkd &cJwh hJ e,ferd w
d af ygY}
][kwfwmyJ}
]onfawmh t&nf;[m jrefrmEdik if &H UJ aus;Zl;½Sijf zpfw,faygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gudk aus;Zl;rwifcsiv f sif ae&r,f/ jrefrmEdik if u H t&nf;
awGudk aus;awmh rpGyfoifhMubl; r[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvakd us;pGyv f sif ud, k *hf P
k u f kd zsuo f vdk odwwfoal wG
&JU tv,frmS ½Suzf , G jf zpfrmS aygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvdkrjzpfatmifvdkY onfpma&;vdkufwmyJ}
]aus;Zl;u 'gyJvm; bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 877
]aus;Zl;uawmh 'gyJazmfEidk w f ,f/ wifaeMuwJt h jypfawGukd

tjypfr½Sdwmawmh tawmfuav; ajymvdkufygw,f}
]bmawGvJ bk&m;}
]t&nf;awG qHyifvufEpS o f pfxm;wmawG? ouFe;f -rJa&
ESpq f ;kd wmawG? twD;trIwf oifMum;wmawG? aq;0g;rEÅeu f ;kd wm
awG? yef;OD;vTwf ylaZmfcw H mawG 'gawGygyJ}
]tJ'gawGrmS t&nf;awG[m tjypfr½Sb d ;l vm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]qHyifvufEpS o f pfxm;wm tjypfr½Sb d ;l vm;/ bke;f Bu;D u
qHyifvufEpS o f pfxm;vsif wynfah wmfwYkd Adv k af uxuf ½Snaf erSm
aygY bk&m;}
]½Sncf sif ½Snyf gapvm;}
]½Snv
f sif 0denf;u OD;jynf;uwH;k xm;&r,fqw kd myJ/ 0denf;
rapmifw h m tjypfaygh}
]0denf;csKd ;azmufvsiaf wmh tjypfaygY/ 'gayrJY tJ'g 0denf;
rcsdK;ygbl;}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]bk&m;u qHyifukd ESpv f (odrYk [kw)f vufEpS o f pftxd xm;
ydik cf iG ½hf wdS ,fvYkd ynwfcsu½f w dS myJ}
]aMomfèonfvv kd m; bk&m;}
]tckacwfuom tvSvkNyD; ckESpf&ufwpfBudrf ajymifae
atmif vkyMf uwmyg}

878 ÓPuxm
]bk&m;u onfvv kd yk zf aYkd jymwm r[kwb f ;l aygY}

]r[kwyf gbl;/ t&nf;awGvnf; qHyifxm;yH[ k m bk&m;
ynwfyt kH wdik ;f jzpfygw,f/ ax&0g'uwH;k eJY rnDvYkd oa&mfMuwm
om jzpfygw,f}
]0denf;cGijhf yKcsuef YJ nDw,fqakd wmh onftcsut f & t&nf;
awGtay: tjypfwifwm[m vGew f maygY bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]ouFe;f rJa&ESpq f ;kd w,fqw kd muawmh 0denf;eJq Y efu
Y sirf mS
aygY bk&m;}
]rqefYusifygbl;}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]bk&m;u ouFef;ta&mifoHk;rsdK; wpfrsdK;rsdK;,lEkdifaMumif;
ynwfcJhwmyJ}
]bmta&mifawGvJ bk&m;}
]tjyma&mif? tndKa&mif? teufa&mify}J
]tJ'g b,frmS vmvdv Yk }J
]ygwdarmufrSmygyJ}
]wynfhawmfvnf; bkef;BuD;0g tawmf&cJhygw,f/ tJ'g
rawGUrdygvm; bk&m;}
]todrSm;vdkYyg}
]b,fvkd todrmS ;wmvJ bk&m;}
]AdEK´ x;kd p&mvdUk rSm;wm}

ÓPuxm 879
]tJ'g r[kwb f ;l vm;}

]ygVd&if;xJrmS AdEK´ epYJ yfvYkd taiGUawmifrygbl;}
]tJonfygVdu bmwJv h J bk&m;}
]e0H ye bdu©Lem pD0&vmabe wdPÖH 'kAÁPÖu&PmeH
tnBwH'kAÁPÖ u&PH tm'gwAÁH? edvH0g u'´rH0g umVomrH0g
tem'gap bduL© ygpdw, då }H
]t"dygÜ ,fjyefygOD; bk&m;}
]ouFef;opf&wJh &[ef;[m ouFef;udk tqif;ysufatmif
jyKjcif;udk ,l&r,f/ tjyma&mif? tndKa&mif? teuf tqif;ysujf yK
jcif;oH;k rsKd ; wpfrsKd ;rsKd ;,l&r,f/ r,lw&hJ [ef; ygpdwt f mywf oif&h
r,fyJ}
]'gqdkawmh AdE´Kxdk;wmrygbl;yJ}
]AdEK´ x;kd wmu rodvYkd pwdvyk w f myJ}
]wu,fu ouFe;f tqd;k cdik ;f wm ay:vGiaf ewmyJ}
][kwfw,fèqdk;EdkifwJhta&mif oHk;rsdK;yJ}
]ax&0g'tEG,t f quf bke;f Bu;D awG[m tndKa&mifeYJ o
uFe;f tqif; zsuw f mudk ,lcMhJ uyH½k ydS gw,f}
][kww f ,fèArmawGtaeeJY ouFe;f qdw k m onfwpfa&mif
wnf; ½Sw d ,f rSwaf ewmyJ}
]AdEL´ xd;k wJh pepf[m onfvrkd od&mu vkyw f myJjzpf&rSmyJ}
]vky&f yfeYJ pmt½Sed YJ uGmaewmMunfNh y;D odEikd w f myJ}

880 ÓPuxm
]bk&m;ouFe;f &JU ta&mif[m tndKa&mifyjJ zpfr,f r[kwf

vm;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]bk&m;u ta&mifo;Hk rsKd ; wpfrsKd ;rsKd ;eJY ta&mifzsu&f r,fvYkd
ynwfcw hJ mqdak wmh olvnf; onfo;kH rsKd ;xJu wpfrsKd ;rsKd ; jzpfEikd w
f m
yJ}
]bk&m;ouFe;f [m b mta&mifqw kd m? pmxJrmS oufao
jyKavmufwm rawGUbl;vm;}
]rawGUbl;/ aemufaemif pmawGrmS yJ awGU&r,f/ aemuf
aemif pmawGrmS tndKa&mifqw kd mu olwu Ykd tndKa&mif0wfaevdYk
tndKa&mifvYkd rSw, f w
l mjzpfrmS yJ/ tjyma&mif0wfvsif bk&m;ouFe;f
vnf; tjyma&mifajymrSmyJ}
]ud, k 0f wfwmeJY rSe;f Munf&h w,faygY bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]tjyma&mif0wfwJholu ½SdvdkYvm;}
]½SdwmyJ}
]b,folawGvJ}
]ud;k &D;,m;&[ef;awGy/J w½kyaf wGvnf; wpfcsKd Uu tjym
a&mif0wfw,f/ w½kyb f u
d L© eDawGqkd tjyma&mifyJ 0wfwmyJ}
]teufa&mif0wfwhJ bke;f Bu;D a&m ½So d vm;}
]½SEd ikd w
f ef&mw,f/ 'gayrJY ud, k rhf suaf phu odyrf us,af wmh
twwfrodbl;/ tjyma&mif0wfwJh bkef;BuD;½Sdwm odwmawmif

ÓPuxm 881
raeYwpfaeYurSyJ}
]b,fvakd Mumifh odwmvJ}
]"r®0[
d m&Dwu Ykd tjyma&mif0wfxm;awmh w½kyo f ikd ;f um;
awGxJu bkef;BuD;awGvdkyJvdkY jrifzl;olwpfa,mufu ajymw,f/
ta&mifww l m ajymr,frxifb;l / oP²mefww l m ajymovm;xif
wm/ taotcsmajymawmh ta&mifww l mudk ajymaew,fvYkd od&
w,f}
]onfvq kd akd wmh yk*t H &nf;awG ouFe;f tjymawG0wfwm
[m tvStwGuf avmfrmwmr[kwb f ;l aygY bk&m;}
]olwdkY q&mpOform;quf enf;vrf;eJY pnf;urf;eJYtnD
vkyfwmawGyJaygY}
]bk&m;&JU 0denf;cGijhf yKcsut f wGi;f xJuaygh bk&m;}
][kww f ,fè'gaMumifh ouFe;f u rJa&ESpq f Nkd y;D uJ&h UJ ajymif
avSmifwmawG[m aus;Zl;½Sirf eS ;f rodwm rubJ aus;pGyNf y;D r[kwf
rw&m; qJqdk&ma&mufw,f}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]t&nf;awG[m twD;trIw?f tutckeaf wG vku d pf m;Mu
w,f qdwk mvnf; olwu Ykd kd *kPzf supf um;wpfct k jzpf ajymMuw,f}
]twD;trIw?f tutqdak wGu bk&m;cGirhf jyKb;l r[kwf
vm; bk&m;}
][kww f ,f? tck onfvykd J odaeMuw,f}
]'g trSeyf rJ [kwv f m; bk&m;}

882 ÓPuxm
]b,frSefrvJ}
]bmjyKvdkYvJ bk&m;}
]bke;f Bu;D awG 'gawGurkd vky&f bl;vdYk rajymygbl;}
]'geJpY yfNy;D b,fvakd jymwmvJ}
]Munfzh Ykd roGm;&bl;vdo Yk m ajymwmyg}
]roGm;&bl;qdw k m rMunf&h bl;eJY twlyrJ [kwv f m; bk&m;}
]rwlygbl;}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]yGvJ rf;xJ bke;f Bu;D awG r0ifapcsiv f Ykd wm;wmyJ/ ausmif;rSm
vmuvsif 'grSr[kwf ud, k af &mufwahJ e&m&JU jrifuiG ;f rSm wD;rIwf
uqdv k yk rf ,fqv kd sif Munf½h I em;axmifciG ½hf w dS myJ}
]wynfah wmfwv Ykd al wG ½Spyf g;oDvaqmufwnfvsiaf wmif
wD;rIwfuqdk rvkyf&bl; r[kwfvm;}
]onfvkd r[kwyf gbl;}
]vkyfEdkifovm;}
][kww f ,f? tJ'g ygVdujkd yefMunfyh gvm;}
]bmygvdv Yk J bk&m;}
]epö*w D 0g'dw 0dou k 'óe-vdYk ygaew,fr[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJonfrSm ]0o d u k }-qdw k hJ yk'u
f av;[m ]tan§mif-Y }qdw k hJ
teuft"dygÜ ,f ½Sw d myJ}
][kwfygw,f}

ÓPuxm 883
]tJonfy'k [ f m yk'w f ikd ;f eJpY yf&rSmawGy/J 0dou k epö? 0dou k

*Dw? 0dou k 0g'dw? 0dou k 'óeaygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]an§mifjh zpfwhJ tutqdt k wD;awGukd uckeo f q D kd wD;rIwf
Munf½h I em;axmifwmudo k m wm;jrpfwmyg}
]tan§mifjh zpfw,fqw kd m b,fv[ kd mvJ bk&m;}
]bk&m;a[majymwJh trSew f &m;twGuf cvkwu f efoif; jzpf
wmrsdK;aygY”
]yHpk eH nf;enf; ajymygOD;}
]cd;k wm?owfwm?umr*kPrf mS ;wmawG rSeu f efwt hJ aMumif;/
vdrw
f m? qJwm? uke;f wdu k wf mawGeYJ odMum;u,f? wapäzrf;awG
b0ul;awG rSew f thJ aMumif;awGaygY/'gawG o½kyaf zmfwhJ tqdçk tuç
twD;eJY Munf½h I em;axmifrrI sKd ;awGaygY}
]tan§mifrh jzpfwhJ qdçk uça&;çwD;ç Munf½h eI m;axmifawGqkd
vsif rwm;jrpfb;l vm;}
]b,fwm;rvJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]tEkynm[m vltoH;k uswyhJ pön;f yJ/ bk&m;u vlo;kH ypön;f
awGqv kd sif b,f[mudk uyfzw YJ u kd zf ;l vdv
Yk }J
][kwfygw,f}
]olu, kd wf ikd f *gxmawGa[mwm ½Sw d myJ}

884 ÓPuxm
]"r®y'qdv k sif *gxmawGcsn;f yJ/ Zmwfqv kd siv f nf; *gxm

awG Zmwfwikd ;f rSm ygwmyJ}
]*gxmqdw k m t"dygÜ ,fu oDqu kd sL;&ifjh cif;vdYk &wmyJ}
]bk&m;u tJonfvv kd yk yf gYrvm;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]vkyfr,frxifvdkY}
]bmaMumifh rxifwmvJ}
]£ajEódu©m½SdvdkY}
]'gvkyfvsif £ajEódu©musovm;}
]usrvm;vdkY xif&wmyJ}
]vlBu;D vlaumif;awG qdak eMuwmyJ/ olwo Ykd u
d m© usMuo
vm;}
]*gxmudk *gxmvdk rqdv k sif *gxmudk bmtwGuf a[mae
wmvJ/ ½d;k ½d;k pum;vdyk J bmaMumifrh ajymwmvJ}
]tckacwf uAsmawGvdkrsm;vm;}
]onfacwfuAsmu ½GwNf y;D zGUJ wm r[kwb f ;l / a&;Ny;D zGUJ wm/
tJonfacwfu ra&;bl; ½Gwfwm}
][kwfwmyJ}
]*gxm[m oDcsi;f yJ/ oDcsi;f udk ½d;k ½d;k toHeYJ ½GwMf unfph rf;yg/
bmt&om ay:rSmvJ}
]onfawmh bk&m;[m *gxm½Gwrf mS aygY}

ÓPuxm 885
]'gaygY}
]bke;f Bu;D awGukd *gxmrSm b,ftoHrsKd ;eJY r½Gw&f bl;qdw k m
ynwfcsuf½Sdw,f r[kwfvm;}
]½Sw
d ,fvYkd od&ygw,f}
]tJ'g b,fvv kd }J
]tJonf toHawGtaMumif;awmh odyrf odb;l / b,ftoH
u b,f[ef½w dS ,f qdw k mrsKd ;aygY}
]tJonf[efbuf vJomG ;wm rjzpfatmif wm;wmyJjzpf&
r,f qdv k w kd mvm;}
]'gyJ ½Sw d myJ}
]enf;enf; yHkpHxkwfMunfhygOD;}
]tckacwf bke;f Bu;D awG *gxm½Gww f mawGaygY}
]bmjzpfovJ}
]pum;ajy pkP, dÖ ½Gww f meJY wlovm;}
]rwlygbl;}
]tJonfvdk½GwfvdkY £kajEýsufovm;}
]rysuyf gbl;/ ydak wmif av;eufomG ;ygao;w,f}
]*gxm½Gww f meJY oDcsi;f qdw k m twlygyJ/ ygVdocD si;f eJY jrefrm
oDcsi;f yJ xl;wmaygY}
]onfawmh bke;f Bu;D awG oDcsi;f qdw k m em;axmifwmudk
vnf; rwm;bl; qdv k w kd maygY}

886 ÓPuxm
][kww f ,f? t&nf;awG 'geJo Y ud m© cswm[mvnf; rawmf

rw&m; pGypf o JG ud m© cswmvdYk ajym&rSmyJ}
]tif;çtdik çf cg;vSUJ ? vufzUJG çaq;0g;awGusawmha&m bk&m;}
]wu,fawmh 'gawG[m aq;0g;ruk&bl;qdv k w kd m r[kwf
ygbl;}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]aq;0g;ukNy;D toufarG;wm rvky&f bl; qdv k w kd myg}
]aq;ukvsif aq;ukNy;D toufarG;wmeJY twlyrJ [kwv f m;
bk&m;}
]b,fwlrSmvJ}
]b,fvdkrwlwmvJ bk&m;}
]t*Fv k rd mv[m rD;rzGm;Edik o f ul kd rD;zGm;ay;vdu k w f m[m uk
ovdu k w
f myJaygh/ aq;0g;eJY jzpfjzpf? rEÅeef YJ jzpfjzpf twlaygY}
]rD;zGm;ay;vdkufwm[m rD;zGm;rnfholudk ukoay;vdkufwm
ygyJ}
]'gqdk t*Fv k rd mv[m olo Y abmeJo Y vl yk w
f mawmif r[kwf
bl;}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]bk&m;cdkif;vdkYvkyfwm}
]t*Fv k rd mvu wuúov kd af usmif;xGuq f akd wmh wwfrmS rdYk
vm;}

ÓPuxm 887
][kww
f ,fèa½S;uynmawGxrJ mS aq;ynm[m ynm&yf
wpfckyJ}
]bk&m;uawmif aq;ukay;cdik ;f w,f ajym&rvdk jzpfaeyg
vm; bk&m;}
][kwwf ,f? bk&m;u aq;ukwmudk rwm;ygbl;/ aq;ukNy;D
toufarG;wmudkom wm;wmyg/ t*Fkvdrmvu toufarG;zdkY
aq;ukwmr[kwfbl; r[kwfvm;}
]ulnDwmyJ}
]aq;ynmeJyY J pm;aomufaexdik af wmhwm[m toufarG;zdYk
aq;ukwmyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]c&pf,mefomoemjyK bke;f Bu;D çoDv½Siaf wG aq;0g;uko
olemjyKMu vkyaf eMuwmyJ/ 'gayrJY olw[ Ykd m toufarG;zdYk r[kwf
bl;/ omoemjyKwt hJ cg vlom;awGukd ulnzD Ykd vkyMf uwmyJ/ 'gè
odum© usp&m bm½So d vJ/ b,fou l uJ&h UJ ovJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]t&nf;awGukd 'geJY odum© cswm[mvnf; rawmfrw&m;
odum© csMuwmom jzpfw,fqw kd m xif½mS ;w,f}
]odum© usw,f? £ajE´ ysuw f ,fqw kd m vlawGrsuaf phxrJ mS
pyg;arT;pl;ovdk jzpfatmif rawmfrwnfv h yk w
f mrsKd ;&JU emrnfy}J
][kwfw,f}

888 ÓPuxm
]tckè c&pf,mef omoemu bke;f Bu;D ç&[ef;awG vkyaf e

wmudk b,fou l uJ&h UJ ovJ/ cs;D rGr;f awmifaeMu&ao;w,f r[kwf
vm;}
][kww f maygY/ bk&m;u odum© yk'x f w
k Nf y;D ynwf&w,fqkd
wm rawmfrwnfjh zpfNy;D uJ&h UJ oa&mfp&m jzpfwmrsKd ;rSy}J
][kwfygw,f}
]'gaMumifh aq;ukwmudk bk&m;rwm;ygbl;/ aq;ukpm;wm
udo
k m bk&m;wm;wmyg/ aq;ukwmeJY t&nf;awGukd oa&mfwm[m
vkyBf uo
H a&mfwmom jzpfygw,f}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]yef;OD;vTwf ylaZmfw,f-qdw k meJY t&nf;awGukd ½Iwcf swm
uawmh tqd;k 0g;qH;k vkyBf urH BI u;D aygY}
]tJ'gu b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]'g wu,fjzpfr,fvYkd xifovm;}
]onfvykd J Mum;zl;awmh onfvykd J xifwmyJaygY bk&m;}
]rpOf;pm;vdkYyJ}
][kwfw,f? pOf;vnf;rpOf;pm;rdbl;}
]'gè[kww f ,fqv kd sif 'g[m "avhwpfcyk }J
][kwfwmaygY}
]"avhqv kd sif Armhv, l Ofaus;rIrmS tptewpfcck k usecf &hJ
r,f}
][kwfw,f}

ÓPuxm 889
]onf"avhrsKd ; tpte wpfcck k Arm,Ofaus;rIxrJ mS bm

awGU&ovJ}
]bmrSrawGU&bl;}
]aemufwpfcsufuvnf;? 'gwu,f[kwfcJhvsif 'geJYpyfwJh
tptewpfcck k oufaoouúm,tjzpf awGU&p&mvnf; rvGjJ zpf
w,f}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]olw[ Ykd m taemf&xm&JU [dak ½S;ya0oPDu[mawG r[kwf
Mubl;/ taemf&xmtxd tjynft h 0 wnf½MdS uolawG jzpfMuw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]taemf&xm0ef;usi[ f m pmayeJY yef;csyD ef;ykawG tpjyKaeNyD
jzpfw,f}
][kwfw,f}
]tJ'gawGrmS tpte oufaoouúm, wpfpw kH pf&m r½Sd
bl;}
]onfvq kd v
kd sif onfpum;u b,fvjkd zpfvmrvJ}
]yef;OD;vTwyf al Zmf-udk aoaocsmcsmMunfv h sif yef;&,fç OD;
&,fç vTw&f ,fç ylaZmf&,f pum;av;vH;k awGU&w,f}
][kwfw,f}
]tJonfrmS yef;ua,musmf ;çrde;f rwd&Yk UJ vdit f *Fgudk wifpm;
ac:xm;wJh pum;jzpfw,f/ OD;u tpyXrqdw k hJ t"dygÜ ,f&w,f/
vTwfu ay;w,f-vdkY&w,f}

890 ÓPuxm
][kwfw,f}
]onfpum;oH;k vH;k aygif; teuft"dygÜ ,fu ud, k v
hf id u
f kd yX
rqH;k ay;jcif;vdYk t"dygÜ ,f&w,f}
][kwfw,f}
]b,fou l b,fou Yl kd yef;OD;ay;w,fqw kd m rygbl;}
][kwfw,f}
]owdo Yk rD;u olyY ef;OD;udk ay;wm[m olaY ,musmf ;qDvm;?
bkef;BuD;qDvm;? 'gèar;p&m½Sdw,f}
][kwfw,f}
onfay;&rnfo h El pS Of ;D rSm bke;f Bu;D qDay;wm rxif½mS ;bl;/
olYa,musfm;ay;wmu vlodxif½Sm;yJ}
][kwfw,f}
]olaY ,musmf ;udk ay;wmjzpfwhJ toH;k tEIe;f udk bke;f Bu;D ay;&
ovdkrsdK;vnf; vkyfypfvdkufEdkifMuw,f}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]a½S;u oHC'dou d o f u d m© yk'tf zGirhf mS bke;f Bu;D wpfyg;u w
jcm;bke;f Bu;D wpfyg;udk arxkejf yKwq hJ wd rf mS tJonfbek ;f Bu;D emrnf
wyfay;zl;w,f}
]Mum;&olawGu qdwaf rxkejf yKwmudk tJonfbek ;f Bu;D ar
xkefjyKovdk xifatmifvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]yef;ay;w,fqw kd meJY yef;vTww f ,fqw kd m twlyv J m;}

ÓPuxm 891
][kwfw,f}
]yef;ay;w,fqdkwm tcspfay;w,f? t½HI;ay;w,f qdkwm
awGrmS oH;k wJo h abm ½Syd gw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfoabmawGt& Munfv h sif owdoYk rD;udk bke;f Bu;D oGm;
ay;w,f t"dygÜ ,f ra&mufygbl;}
]owdo Yk m;u olt Y cspyf ef;udk owdo Yk rD;uvnf; tvm;wl
oltY cspyf ef;udk owdo Yk m;udk vufO;D vufzsm;ay;w,fvyYkd J t"dygÜ ,f
&ygw,f}
]yef;OD;vTww f ,fqw kd m tysKçd vlysKd awG vufxyfwm? r*F
vmaqmifwm&JU emrnfwpfrsKd ;yJjzpfzYkd tvm;tvmrsm;ygw,f}
]ylaZmfw,f qdw k mua&m}
]yef;OD;vTwyf al ZmfrmS ylaZmfu onfvkd tysKd çvlysKd nm;wJyh JG
rSm bke;f Bu;D uawmh ylaZmfw,fqw kd m vkypf &m½Sw d ,f}
]tckacwf r*FvmqGrf;auR;w,fqdkwmvdkvm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]r*Fvmaqmif bke;f Bu;D qGr;f uyf"avhu onfbufacwf
rSm ay:wm r[kwb f ;l vm;}
]tck½adS ewJt h avhuawmh onfacwfraS y:wm jzpfavmuf
ygw,f/ 'gayrJ-Y }
]vkyyf gOD; bk&m;}
]yk*rH mS r*FvmOD;ylaZmfwt hJ crf;tem;awmh ½Scd yhJ akH ygufw,f}

892 ÓPuxm
]bmawGUvdkYvJ bk&m;}
]a&Ttrd of nf&UJ r*FvmyGrJ mS bke;f Bu;D qGr;f uyf ygyH&k w,f/
yHkjyif½Sdw,f}
]tif;0acwf? ukef;abmifacwf? jrefrmhr*Fvmaqmif "avh
awGrmS bke;f Bu;D rygygbl;}
][kwfw,f}
]onfaeYacwf r*FvmaqmifawGrmS bke;f Bu;D qGr;f uyf"avh
u b,fu&wmvJ}
]tJ'gvnf; okawoe vkyMf unfrh yS J odr,f/ xif&wmu
awmh t*Fvyd af wG 0ifvmawmh c&pf,mef"avhawG ul;pufvmr,f
xifw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]c&pf,mefu vufxyfwmudk bk&m;ausmif;rygvdYk rjzpfb;l }
][kwfw,f}
]onfawmh acwfrD ArmAk'¨bmomawGvnf; tm;usrcH
olwrYkd *Fvm tcrf;tem;xJrmS bke;f Bu;D qGo J iG ;f wmjzpfrvm; awG;rd
w,f}
]awG;p&myJ}
]'g-avhvm&rSmyJ/ r[kwv f sivf nf; vGv J aYkd ygh/ "avhr½Sw
d m
awmh aocsmw,f/ awm½Gmr*FvmaqmifawGrmS bke;f Bu;D tcef;
u@ r½Sb d ;l / 'gèMunfNh y;D od&wmyJ}
][kwfw,f}

ÓPuxm 893
]ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ momu onfvkd vlraI &;awG pdw0f ifpm;yHk

ray:ygbl;}
]ax&0g'Ak'¨bmomu bk&m;vufxufu qdkuftwdkif;
bkef;BuD;awG vmaeMuwmyJ}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]bk&m;vufxufu bke;f Bu;D awGu? awmcdak wGy}J
]olykefawGvm;}
]tJonfvkd ajym&rvdyk }J
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]awmcdkaevdkYaygY}
]awmu at;csrf;vdkYaerSmaygh bk&m;}
]awmu at;csr;f vsif awmyJaeaygY}
]aewmyJ r[kwb f ;l vm;}
]NrKd U½GmvmNy;D ypön;f av;yg; rScD akd ewmyJ r[kwv f m;}
][kwfw,f}
]'gèawmrSm rjynfph w kH m az:jyaewmyJ}
][kwfw,f}
]rjynfph w kH mrSm at;csr;f w,fajymvdYk jzpfrvm;}
]rjzpfygbl;}
]onfawmh awmaewJt h aMumif; ½SmazG&rSmaygY}
]bmaMumifh awmrSmaewmvJ bk&m;}

894 ÓPuxm
]ud, k o hf abmw&m;u NrKd U½GmawGrmS tmPmr&ao;awmh

ud,
k u
f tjyifvl jzpfaeao;vdYk tjyifrmS aewmaygY}
]ud,k o hf abmw&m;eJY oabmw&m;trSm;awGukd awmfveS f
aeol olykefawGaygY}
][kwfw,f}
]olyek af wG[m NrKd U½Gm"avhawGxJ r0ifqefyY gbl;/ 'gaMumifh
ax&0g'bke;f Bu;D awG[m onf"avhawGrmS r0ifqefMY uwmyg}
]bmawGUvdkYvJ}
]taemf&xm[m omoemudk tdrfawGxJ ta&mufoGif;cJh
oltjzpf emrnfxu G w f ,f}
]Mum;zl;w,f}
]taemf&wm onfemrnfxu G w
f m[m oxHrk mS ax&0g'
[m vlxrJ 0ifvYkd jzpf&rSmyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]ax&0g'udk taemf&xmu yk*rH mS vlxo J iG ;f cJah yrJY vlxrJ mS
ax&0g'[m toufr0ifygbl;}
]bmaMumifh onfvakd jymEdik w f mvJ}
]yGw
J ikd ;f rSm yHpk BH u;D eJyY v
J yk af ewm txif;om;jrifae&wmyJ}
]b,fvykd pkH BH u;D yJ vkyw f mvJ}
]oDvay;? a&pufcs? Zmwfedygwfw&m; wpfuGufa[m?
y&dwuf r®0g½Gwf 'gyJr[kwv f m;}
][kwfw,f}

ÓPuxm 895
]wpfcgvm 'gyJ/ aemufwpfcg aemufwpfcgawGvnf; 'gyJ

r[kwfvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]emMum;olawGu bmpdwf0ifpm;&rSmvJ}
]0ifpm;a,mifvkyfaeMu&wmaygh}
]tJ'g vlxrJ 0ifwmyJ}
]bk&m;vufxufu aeenf;um;twdkif; aewmqdkawmh
aumif;w,f r[kwfvm;}
]b,faumif;rvJ}
]bmjyKvdkYvJ}
]tckacwfu bk&m;vufxufrS r[kwaf wmhwmyJ}
]bmxl;vdkYvJ}
]vlxrJ mS Ak'b ¨ momvufco H u
l &mEIe;f jynfjh zpfaerSy}J
]bk&m;vufxufu rjzpfbl;vm;}
]bmjzpfrvJ}
]bmawGUvdkYvJ}
]vlawG rMunfheJY? vlYrvdkifqdkolawG Munfh}
]tJ'g b,foal wGv}J
]eef;wGi;f rIxrf; rif;trwfawGaygY}
]olwu Ykd b,fvakd evdv
Yk }J
]bk&m;trwfu rrsm;bl;/ wjcm;trwfu trsm;tjym;yJ}
]olwMYkd unfwh meJY vlawG&UJ yrmPudk odciG ½hf wdS ,faygY}

896 ÓPuxm
]'gyJ}
]onfawmh onfaeY bke;f Bu;D awG[m bk&m;vufxufu
twdik ;f raeoifah wmYb;l aygY}
]r[m,meawGu tJonftawG;&cJhwm MumvSNyD}
]b,ftcsdefuvJ}
]olw*Ykd P
kd ;f pcGcJ sed u
f yJ}
]r[m,meawGu vlxJ0ifMuovm;}
]0ifw,f}
]bmawGU&ovJ}
]wdbufrmS bk&ifvyk w f t hJ xdeYJ w½kyrf mS uGezf ;l ynm? a½Smif
vifausmif; ynmrsm;[m xif½mS ;wmawGy}J
][kwfw,f}
]yk*t
H &nf;awGuvnf; r[m,meawGy?J onfawmh olwYkd
[m vlx0J ifMurSmyJ}
]vlxJ0ifw,fqdkwm vlrIudpöawGrSm OD;aqmifvrf;ñTefrI
ay;wmawGvm;}
][kwfwmaygY}
]tysKd çvlysKd wpfO;D udk wpfO;D ,lMur,fqv kd sif tJ'grSmvnf;
vrf;ñTefrIay;wJh tpDtpOfwpfck vkyfxm;rSmyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gèrSe;f ajymwm/ rSeçf rrSef rodb;l / Mum;zl;wm[m onfh
xufcdkifrmw,f}

ÓPuxm 897
]b,fvdkvJ}
]tysKd çvlysKd awG[m tdraf xmifrjyKcif bke;f Bu;D rsm;qDrmS vdk
tyfwJhtcsdefwpfcktxd oifMum;&w,fvdkYyJ}
]b,favmuf cdkifrmovJ}
]yg;pyfpum;yJ/ tJonfpum;rSm bke;f Bu;D wpfyg; tJonf
oif,o l l rde;f rtay: rSm;,Gi;f vdYk w&m;pGcJ &H w,f txdy}J
]'g[kwfvsifawmh bkef;BuD; yef;OD;ay;&w,fqdkwJhpGJcsuf
aocsmaysmufysufzdkY wjcm;rvdkawmhbl;aygY bk&m;}
]tJ'g aocsmçraocsm rodb;l / 'grodayrJY wjcm;tcsuf
tvufawGeyYJ J 'g[m rvdo k al wG&UJ t,kww f rm vkyBf ucH suq f w kd m
xif½Sm;ygw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]onftwdik ;f qdv k sif t&nf;awG[m b,ftjypf½o dS v
l Ykd ajym
p&mr½SdolawGyJ}
][kwyf gw,f/ 'gayrJY taemf&xm[m t&nf;awGukd t
b,faMumifh zsucf o hJ vJ ar;p&m½Sw d myJ}
][kwfw,f}
]tJ'g b,fvv kd }J
]taemf&xm[m wdik ;f Bu;D jynfBu;D aqmufwhJ atmifycJG NH y;D wJh
tcsed rf mS ? olEY ikd if rH mS omoemu ESpcf jk zpfaer,f}
][kwfw,f}
]onfEpS cf u k kd waygif;wnf;jzpfatmif vky&f r,fvYkd olpw d f

898 ÓPuxm
0ifpm;&r,f}
]omoemwpfcw k nf;u ESpcf u k w JG m[m rluw JG maygY}
]aygif;wJth cg b,fomoemudk r@dKix f m;rvJ olpOf;pm;
rSmyJ}
][kwfw,f}
]ax&0g'omoemudk a½G;rdrmS yJ}
]bmaMumifhvJ bk&m;}
]tcsufoHk;csuf½Sdw,f}
]yXrtcsufu bmvJbk&m;}
]bk&m;a[myd#uwf tcdkiftrm½SdwmyJ}
]'kw, d ua&m bk&m;}
]vlraI &;rSm ax&0g'u rpGuzf ufvyYkd }J
]wwd,ua&m bk&m;}
]r[m,me t&nf;awGu Edik if 0H efxrf;rSm toH;k usvyYkd }J
]onftcsuaf wG[m tkycf sKyo f t l aeeJY jrifp&mawGygyJ
bk&m;}
][kww f ,fètkycf sKyof [l m olt
Y mPmcdik cf zhH t Ykd wGuf wjcm;
vlraI &;pGuzf ufol r&bdYk vdt k yfygw,f}
]'gudk taemf&xm odrmS trSeyf }J
]omoem[m vlawGtxufu½Sw d ,f/ tJonfvkd vlawG
txufu½So d al wG[m vlukd rjc,fv, S ?f rpGuzf ufrS aumif;r,f/
onfvrkd [kwv f sif ol&Y mZyv’if wkev f yI v f rd rhf ,f}

ÓPuxm 899
][kwfw,f}
]vlrpI uG zf ufcsiw f o
hJ u l kd oltY xufrmS raeapbJ vlxq J if;
apNy;D olaY tmufrmS xm;vdu k wf ,f/ 'grS ol&Y mZyv’if rvIyrf mS
r[kwfvm;}
]rpGr;f wJo
h u l kd acgif;ay:rSmxm;vnf; bmrSrjzpfb;l / pGr;f wJh
olqv kd siaf wmh atmufrmS tmPmeJzY v d &Ykd wJah e&m xm;rSqwkd hJ pDrH
csuv f m; bk&m;}
]'gaygY}
]taemf&xm&JU t&nf;zsu&f jcif; taMumif;[m 'gyJvm;
bk&m;}
][kwfw,fè'gyJ}
]onfvq kd akd wmh t&nf;awG&UJ b0[m 0rf;enf;p&m bk&m;}
]wdkif;jynftwGufvnf; 0rf;enf;p&mygyJ}
]bmjyKvdkYvJ bk&m;}
]ynm½Siaf wG rvGwv f yfawmh ynmwd;k yGm;rI &yfwefo Y mG ;Ny;D
wdik ;f jynfvrl sKd ; wd;k wufrI wefo Y mG ;wmaygY}
]onfvdkvm; bk&m;}
]jrefrmhvrl aI &;ynmawGrmS yk*u H todynmawGukd ausmf
vGew f ,fvYkd b,fvakd jymrvJ}
]ausmif;awmfawGu {0Harokw-H awGyJ ydcYk sMuawmhrmS r
[kwfygvm;}

900 ÓPuxm
]Ak'b ¨ mompmayyJ oifawmhrmS aygY bk&m;}

]aeçvçeu©wçf "mwfaq;çAdaE¨mupNy;D tqdçk tu? ppfcsçD ppf
wuf? qifp;D çjrif;pD;? "m;ckwçf vSx
H ;kd trsKd ;rsKd ;awG oifay;wJh ausmif;
awmfawG r½Sdawmhbl;yJ}
][kwfwmyJ}
]yk*[H m tJonfacwfu urÇmrSm txGe;f awmufq;kH tjzpf
½Sad ecJw
h ,fvYkd ynm½Siaf wG ajymprSw½f w dS t hJ xd jzpfw,f}
]'g[m t&nf;awG&JUaus;Zl;awGaygY}
]jrefrmhtifyg,mudk,fwdkifu t&nf;awG&JUaus;Zl;yg}
]wdk;wufjzpfxGef;rIawG[m ynm&yf&JUb0awGyJ}
][kwfwmyJ}
]jrefrmjynfojl ynfom;awG[m onfaeYvkd odik ;f odik ;f 0dik ;f 0dik ;f
uav;jzpfaewm t&nf;awG&JUaus;Zl;awGjzpfvdkY t&nf;awGudk
aus;Zl;rwifwwfaomfrS t,kww f rm jzpfwhJ tqJtqdak wG &yfMu
oifw h ,fvYkd odapcsiw f meJY onfpmawG a&;vdu k wf mygyJ}
]aumif;ygY bk&m;}
]rdbudk rdbrSe;f odvsif rjypfrmS ;jzpfwmaygY bk&m;}
]'gudk odMuygapaygY}

ÓPuxm 901
108/ aygif;wnfNrKd U uRe;f awmvS½mG OD;pHoed ;f tdrüf OD;pHwikd ;f

tm; ½SiÓf Pajymaom tjyma&mifouFe;f pum;
]bke;f Bu;D wdaYk xmifuswm axmifxrJ mS b,favmufaecJ&h

ovJ bk&m;}
]ESpfESpfeJY ½Spfvçudk;vavmuf aecJh&w,f}
]b,favmufusvdkYvJ bk&m;}
]atmuf½;kH u ig;ESp?f wdik ;f ½H;k u aygif;ay;vdu k vf Ykd oH;k ESpjf zpf
oGm;w,f/ A[du k awmh rusao;bl;}
]A[du k vnf; t½H;I yJay;rSmyJ xifygw,f}
]Ekid rf mS yg}
]olwu Ykd cscsiv f Ykd cswmyJ}
]tJ'gaMumifyh J A[du k awmh tEdik yf aJ y;&rSmyg}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]onftrIu 'gèyXrqH;k pD&if&wJt h rIjzpfr,f}
]'gèyXrjzpfrvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]onftrIudk w&m;rpGJzl;ao;bl;vm;}
][kwfw,fèonfOya'u ay:wmrMumao;bl;}
]b,fwkef;u jy|mef;ovJ}
]½Spq f ,fo h ;kH ckEpS ?f atmufwb kd mvTwaf wmfrmS rS onfOya'
u jy|mef;wm rSww f ,f}

902 ÓPuxm
]bke;f Bu;D udk &nf½, G Nf y;D jy|mef;wmjzpfr,f xifw,f}

]'gvnf; ygcsiyf grSmyJ}
]bmOya'vJ bk&m;}
]rajymwwfygbl;?&[ef;wkOya'-vdYk ajym&r,fxifygw,f}
]bke;f Bu;D wdu Yk onfvkd vkyo f mG ;awmh bmvky&f r,f rodjzpf
Ny;D onfOya' vkyo f vm;rS rodwm}
]rajymwwfb;l ? onfvv kd nf; jzpfEikd w
f myJ/ wjcm; &nf½,
G f
csuv f nf; ½Scd sif ½Srd mS ygyJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]olwb Ykd ufrmS vnf; tus,Bf u;D jzpfr,f r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]yk'rf b,favmufv}J
]0denf;"r®uHvkyfxHk;qdkif&m umuG,fa&;tydk'fudk;-yJ}
]bke;f Bu;D wdu Yk tJonfy'k rf eJY rNib d ;l vm;}
]rNidbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]tcsufESpfcsufyJ}
]wpfcsufu bmvJbk&m;}
]ax&0g' Ak'b ¨ mombke;f Bu;D r[kwb f ;l }
]ESpftcsufua&m bk&m;}
]olwdkYouFef;rsdK;0wfxm;wm r[kwfbl;}
]onfEpS cf su[ f m olwOYkd ya'abmifeYJ r0ifb;l aygY}

ÓPuxm 903
]taotcsmyJ}
]onfvdkqdk bmvdkYcswmvJ}
]rw&m;vkyfwmaygY}
]bmwwfEdkifao;vJ}
]pdw½f n
S v f uf½n
S f &ifqikd &f rSmaygY/ 'gèwwfEidk w
f myJ}
]bkef;BuD;wdkYuvnf; tpGJBuD;ygw,f}
][mAsmèajymjyefNyD}
]onftjyma&mift0wfBuD; bmvdkY0wfae&rSmvJ}
]onfvakd jymvdYk b,fjzpfrvJ}
]'gu t0wfpaJG evdyYk g}
]bmpGpJ &m½So d vJ/ raeYwpfaeYurS pç0wfwt hJ 0wfy}J
]rpGJvsif wynfhawmfwdkYvdkyJ 0wfaygY}
]'g w&m;&JU trSwt f om;aygh}
]wjcm;0wfvsif w&m;uysufoGm;rSmrdkYvm;}
]onfvdkawmh b,f[kwfrvJ}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]'gqdk ar;r,f}
]ar;yg bk&m;}
]OD;pHwikd ;f [m a,musmf ;vm;? rde;f rvm;}
]a,musmf ;aygY bk&m;}
][kwfNyD}
]ajymygbk&m;}

904 ÓPuxm
]ajymygYr,f}
]OD;pHwikd ;f [m a,musmf ;jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh ykq;kd 0wfw,f
aygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]OD;pHwdkif;u xbD0wfvdkufvsif a,musfm;r[kwfawmhbJ
rde;f rrsm; jzpfomG ;rvm;}
]rjzpfygbl; bk&m;}
]xbD0wfvYkd rde;f rjzpfroGm;bl;aemf}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvq kd kd OD;pHwikd ;f [m xbDvnf; 0wfEikd w f myJ}
]0wfEdkifygw,f}
]0wfwmawmh wpfcgrS rvkyzf ;l bl; r[kwv f m;}
]rvkyfzl;ygbl;}
]bmaMumifh rvkyw f mvJ/ ykq;kd udk pGaJ evdv Yk m;}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]xbD0wfaevdkY rdef;rjzpfwmrS r[kwfbJeJY xbDr0wfbJ
ykq;kd yJ0wfaewm[m rpGb J ;l qdak yrJY pGaJ evdrYk sm; ykq;kd yJ0wfaewm
vm;}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]OD;pHwikd ;f ajymwm [kwyf gw,f/ OD;pHwikd ;f [m ykq;kd pGaJ evdYk
ykq;kd 0wfwm r[kwyf gbl; [kww f ,faemf}
][kwfygw,f}

ÓPuxm 905
]wu,fvYkd OD;pHwikd ;f [m igtpGrJ ½Sb d ;l qdNk y;D ykq;kd r0wfbJ

xbDudk 0wfoGm;r,fqdkvsif odolawGu pHwdkif;½l;NyDxifw,fvdkY
rSwcf sucf swm cH&r,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]rodoal wGuawmh 'gèrde;f rBu;D yJvYkd rSww f mudk cH&r,f?
[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfawmh pGaJ ewmr[kwaf yrJY OD;pHwikd ;f [m xbDr0wfbJ
ykq;kd yJ0wf&w,f [kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]t0wf[m vl&UJ uGjJ ym;rIukd cGjJ cm;odapwJh trSwt f om;yJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]Edik if &H UJ tvHvykd /J onfEikd if rH eS ;f od&atmif onfEikd if t H vH
vTi&hf ovdk t0wfuvnf; tvky&f UJ trSwt f om;tjzpf 0wf&
w,f/ [kwu f v hJ m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onft0wf0wfwm auseyfNyDvm;}
]auseyfygNyD bk&m;}

906 ÓPuxm
109/ aygif;wnfNrKd U uRe;f awmvS½mG OD;vSa&TorD;Bu;D tdrüf

wjcm;½GmrSvmaom w&m;em 'umç'umrrsm;tm;
½SifÓPajymaom wdkif;wmp&maywHpum;
]'umç'umrwdkY w&m;emvmMuw,fvm;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]w&m;uvnf; tydwyf ifc&H wmawGeYJ bmeJq Y akd wmh ½Sm;
oGm;ovdk jzpfNyaD emf}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]'umç'umrwd½Yk mG u bke;f Bu;D uav;ESpyf g;uvnf; w&m;
a[mwmeJpY yfNy;D zrf;qD;cH&ovdk Mum;vdu k &f rdw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]w&m;avhvmwJholawGrSm avhvm&wmenf;oGm;wmaygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]"r®0[
d m&DwYkd onfuv kd mwmawmif "r®c&D;tjzpf r[kwf
bl;}
]bmudp½ö v dS vYkd J bk&m;}
]wjcm;udpu ö av; enf;enf;½Sv d yYkd g}
]w&m;enf;enf;cs;D jri§ yhf gOD; bk&m;}
]a[majymwmxuf ar;jref;wmuav;wcsKd U vkyrf ,f/ tJ'g
ajzMunfhMuaygh}
]aumif;ygNyD bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 907
]yXrqH;k taeeJY 'umç'umrwdu Yk kd owday;xm;&r,f/ jrwf

pGmbk&m;uvnf; "r®0[ d m&Dwu Ykd kd owdxm;zdYk aeYwikd ;f qGr;f cHtjyef
ajcaq;Ny;D wdik ;f ]owdxm;Mu}-vdkY owday;w,fvdkY od&w,f/ vGef
awmfrlcgeD;rSmvnf; aemufqHk;pum;tjzpf owday;w,fvdkY od&
w,f/ Mum;zl;Muovm;}
]Mum;zl;Muygw,f bk&m;}
]"r®0[ d m&Dwu Ykd vnf; 'umç'umrwdu Yk kd xyfqifNh y;D owd
ay;&r,f/ wumçwumrwdYk owday;wm ,lMurvm;}
],l&rSmaygY bk&m;}
]"r®0[ d m&DwYkd owday;rSmu ocFg&w&m;awGukd owdxm;zdYk
r[kwyf gbl;/ onfavmuf av;eufwmawG r[kwaf o;ygbl;}
]wifygbk&m;}
]avmuDa&;&mavmufyJ owday;rSmyg/,lMurvm; 'umç
'umrwdkY}
]owday;yg bk&m;}
]tJ'guawmh ud, k rf odwhJ vlwpfa,mufa,mufu ud, k u
Yf kd
ac:oGm;vsif 'kua© &mufwwfw,fvyYkd gyJ}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]'umç'umrwdkYudk vlwpfa,mufa,mufu ukvm;jynf
'grSr[kwf w½kwjf ynf ac:oGm;vsif roGm;wwf? rvmwwf? rar;
wwf? rajzwwfe-YJ qdak wmh 'kur© a&mufaybl;vm;}
]a&mufrmS yg bk&m;}

908 ÓPuxm
]ud, k ahf c:oGm;wJv h &l UJ rsuEf mS &dyf rsuEf mS uJuykd J Munfrh ae

&avmufbl;vm;}
]Munfhae&rSmaygY bk&m;}
]olu Y kd taysmufc0H yhH gYrvm;}
]b,ftaysmufc0H yhH gYrvJ bk&m;}
]tJ'g olajympum;udv k nf; jiif;qef0yhH gYrvm;}
]rjiif;qef0yhH gbl; bk&m;}
]tJonfvu l yduk q f b H ,favmufxw k Of ;D qdv
k sif rxkwb f J
aeEdkifrvm;}
]raeEkid yf gbl; bk&m;}
]qGBJ uKd ; tjzKwcf idk ;f vsiaf &m}
]jzKw&f rSmyg bk&m;}
]vufpyG f tcRwcf ikd ;f vsiaf &m}
]cRw&f rSmyg bk&m;}
]aemufqHk; t0wfaumif;? tqifaumif;uav;awG cRwf
cdik ;f vsiv
f nf; b,fvv kd }J
]cRwfay;&rSmyJ bk&m;}
]ukeu f ek af jymvsif olu bmtvkycf ikd ;f cdik ;f jiif;Edik yf gYrvm;}
]rjiif;Ekdifygbl; bk&m;}
]'g bmjzpfvYkd onfvjkd zpf&wmvJ}
]ud,k rf odwahJ e&m a&mufaevdyYk g bk&m;}
]udk,fodwJhae&mqdkvsif onfvdkjzpfygYrvm;}

ÓPuxm 909
]rjzpfygbl; bk&m;}
]'gaMumifh ud, k rf odwahJ e&mudk wpfa,mufa,mufu ac:
oGm;wm cH&vsif rvdu k Mf ueJv Y Ykd owday;oifo h vm;? ray;oifb h ;l
vm;}
]ay;oifyh gw,f bk&m;}
]'gaMumifh owday;wmyg}
]aus;Zl;wifygw,f bk&m;}
]onfvq kd akd wmh 'umç'umrwdu Yk kd ar;&OD;r,f}
]ar;ygbk&m;}
]'umç'umrwdkY[m udk,fhudk,fudkaoNyD;vsif jzpfw,fvdkY
odMuovm;}
]rodygbl; bk&m;}
]aoNy;D aemuf rjzpfb;l vdaYk &m odMuygovm;}
]rodygbl; bk&m;}
]aoNy;D aemuf jzpfw,fwçYkd rjzpfb;l wdYk qdw k mawG[m '
umç'umrwdkY rodwJhae&mawG jzpfMuw,faemf}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]apmapmu "r®0[ d m&DwYkd 'umç'umrwdYk ajymcJMh uw,f/
rodwahJ e&m ac:vsif vdu k Mf u&r,fwv hJ m;? rvdu
k of ifMh ubl;wJh
vm;}
]rvduk of ifMh ubl;vdyYk g bk&m;}
]bmjzpfvYkd rvdu k Mf ubl;vdYk taMumif;jycJMY uovJ}

910 ÓPuxm
]tcRwcf &H rSmpd;k vdyYk g bk&m;}

]rodwahJ e&mudk ac:w,fqw kd m? ac:olawG[m vlaumif;
awGvm;? vlq;kd awGvm;? b,f[mu rsm;ovJ}
]vlq;kd awGu rsm;ygw,f bk&m;}
]rodwahJ e&m ac:olawG[m vlq;kd awGaemf [kwMf u&JUvm;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]onfawmh rodwahJ e&m[m aMumufp&mvm;? rufp&m
vm;}
]aMumufp&myg bk&m;}
]at;? 'g-owdxm;ajymwm owdxm;&rSm 'gyJ}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]uJèjyefMuawmh onfavmufqv kd sif w&m;wpfuu G f qH;k Mu
awmh}
]jyefvYkd rjzpfao;ygbl; bk&m;}
][mèbmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]vrf;uarSmifaeygw,f/ vçuvnf; rxGuaf o;ygbl;/ vç
xGurf S jyefMuygr,f bk&m;/ rjyefcif w&m;wpfuu G f qufa[mygOD;
bk&m;}
][m-}
]a[mygOD; bk&m;}
]apmapmu ajymovd/k rodwahJ e&m rvdu k zf Ykd owdxm;wm
awmh [kwNf y?D owdxm;wmu bmeJo Y wdxm;MuovJ}

ÓPuxm 911
]tJ'g ajymygOD; bk&m;}

]'g- odwahJ e&mvm;? rodwahJ e&mvm;qdw k m wdik ;f wmwJh
ypön;f ½Srd S odEikd rf ,f r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJ'gr½Sv d sif odEikd yf gYrvm;}
]wdik ;f p&mr½Sv d sif rodEikd yf gbl;}
]tav;csed w f pfcck k odcsiv f sif tav;r½Sb d J odEikd yf gYrvm;}
]rodEikd yf gbl; bk&m;}
]t½Sn?f twdk wpfcck o k cd siv
f sif aywH? udu k wf w H pfcck rk ½Sbd J
odEdkifygYrvm;}
]tjciftwG,u f okd cd sivf sif jynfçwif;cGuf r½Sb d J odEikd yf gYr
vm;}
]odwahJ e&mvm;? rodwahJ e&mvm;qdw k m cGjJ cm;odcsiv f sif
a&m wdik ;f wmp&mr½Sb d J odEikd yf gYrvm;}
]tJonf wdik ;f wmwJyh pön;f udk zsuq f ;D ypfwmcH&w,fqv kd sif
aumif;wmvm;? raumif;wmvm;}
]raumif;wmyg bk&m;}
]raumif;wmqdv k sif tm;ay;&rSmvm;? uefu Y u G &f rSmvm;}
]uefu Y u G &f rSmaygY bk&m;}

912 ÓPuxm
][kwfw,f}
]'g trSeyf g bk&m;}
]aumif;NyèD 'umç'umrwd[ Yk m trSeu f kd odzt
Ykd wGuf twdik ;f
twmypönf;awGudk rzsufqD;vdkMubl; r[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gqdv k sif 'umç'umrwdu Yk kd ar;&r,f}
]ar;yg bk&m;}
]'umç'umrwdkY[m ½kyfçemrfw&m;awGrsm; yGm;rsm;Mu&JU
vm;}
]yGm;Muygw,f bk&m;}
]½kyçf emrfymG ;awmh ouúm,'d|d ruGmbl;vm;}
]uGmygw,f bk&m;}
]ouúm,'d|[ d m yk*Kd¾ vof wå0gçigçolwyg;vdYk jrifwmawG&UJ
emrnfawG [kw&f UJ vm;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]ouúm,'d|cd mG Ny;D ol[m ig-½Syd gYrvm;}
]r½Syd gbl; bk&m;}
]igr½So d [ l m t&m0wåKwpfcck u k kd bmvJ? bmr[kww f mvJ
odvdkY&ygYrvm;}
]r&ygbl; bk&m;}
]onfvq kd v
kd sif tJonfo[ l m igodwt hJ &yf? onft&yfu
awmh igrodwt hJ &yfvYkd cGvJ &Ykd ygOD;rvm;}

ÓPuxm 913
]r&awmhygbl; bk&m;}
][kwfNyD}
]'umç'umrwdkY pOf;pm;Mu&r,f}
]pOf;pm;ygr,f bk&m;}
]t½Snçf twdok zd Ykd wdik ;f wmp&m[m aywH[w k &f UJ vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]aywHtp½Sw d hJ wdik ;f wmp&mr½Sv d sif twdçk t½Snf odEikd yf gY
rvm;}
]rodEdkifygbl;}
]tcsed tf wG,o f zd Ykd twdik ;f twm[m tav;[kw&f UJ vm;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]tav;r½Sv d sif tcsed t f wG,u f kd odEikd yf gYrvm;}
]tjciftwG,o f zd Ykd twdik ;f twmypön;f [m cGu[ f w
k &f UJ
vm;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]cGurf ½Sv d sif twdik ;f twm odEikd yf gYrvm;}
]odwt hJ &mç rodwt hJ &mudk cGjJ cm;zdt
Yk wGuf wdik ;f wmp&m
ypönf;[m ]ig-jzpfw,f}? [kwf&JUvm;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]'gr½Sv d sif odwt
hJ &mvm;? rodwt hJ &mvm; odEikd yf gYrvm;}

914 ÓPuxm
]rodygbl; bk&m;}
]onfawmh ½kyçf emrfymG ;Ny;D ouúm,'d|cd mG w,fqNkd y;D igjzKwf
wm[m wdkif;wmp&m aywHuav;udk zsufqD;wm [kwfovm;?
r[kwfovm;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]uJèawmfNy?D vçvnf;xGuNf yaD ygY jyefMuawmh}
]om"kyg bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 915
110/ rEÅav; ykord Bf u;D ykPmÖ ;uke;f ½Gm rd;k jymausmif;ü

OD;*kPtm; ½SiÓ
f Pajymaom rvkyb f J rajymeJY pum;
]reufu a':oDvajympum;t& OD;*kPudk tckvkd pum;

ajymzdYk ac:vdu k w
f myg}
]ajymyg}
]raeYu aygif;wnfujyefta&mufrmS OD;*kPeJY OD;Z#dv?
a':oDvwdYk oH;k OD;vH;k udk onfrmS vGwv f w G v f yfvyf pdwx f ½J w
dS mt
wdik ;f ajymqdak exdik Mf uzdYk ajymygw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJonfrmS OD;*kP bmrSajymroGm;ygbl; [kwyf gw,faemf}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfu tEkyg'g,Ofaus;rIausmif; jyefta&mufrmS OD;*kP
pum;ajymw,f od&w,f}
]bmajymwmvJ}
]OD;Z#dvwdYk a':oDvwdu Yk kd ajymwJph um;xJrmS onfv0kd wf
qifaewm[m rvGwv f yfb;l / trsKd ;rsKd ;yHak wGeYJ 0wfMur,f/ trsKd ;
rsKd ;ta&mifawGeYJ 0wfMur,f/ tJ'grS aumif;r,fvyYkd gyJ}
]tif;èajymrdowJhvm;}
]onfpum;udk a':oDvu wkew f ek vf yI v
f yI f onfrmS ajym
oGm;ygw,f/ tck a':oDvudk ar;MunfEh ikd yf gw,f}
]ajymrdvsif ajymrdvaYkd ygYav}

916 ÓPuxm
]OD;*kPpdwx f J b,fvckd pH m;ae&vdv Yk /J tJ'g odcsiyf gw,f}

]bmrSr[kwfygbl;}
]OD;*kPpdwx f rJ mS onfvakd ewm rSerf rS eS &f UJ vm;vdYk xifr,f
qdv
k nf; xifciG ½hf ydS gw,f/ bmjzpfvv Ykd q J akd wmh ud, k u
hf akd r;cGe;f awG
ygwJh rsuaf phawGeYJ Munfah eMuolawG trsm;tjym; ½Sad ewmyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfawmh OD;*kP BuKd uo f vdv k yk Ef ikd yf gw,f/ onfv0kd wf
qifNy;D aecsiw f ,fvYkd OD;*kPpdwx f ½J v dS siv f nf; aeyg/ wjcm;vdk
0wfqifNy;D aecsiw f ,fvYkd pdw½f v dS siv f nf; wjcm;vd0k wfqifaeyg/
bmudrk S wynfah wmf rwm;bl; [kwv f m;}
]tif;}
]wynfah wmfukd iJah ewmrvkyyf geJ/Y igèonfvv kd yk v
f sif olè
tvkyyf surf vm;ç rysurf vm;vnf; rwGuyf geJ}Y
]tif;}
]olrsm;iJNh y;D ud, k v hf w
G v
f yfrI qH;k ½H;I cH&wm raumif;ygbl;/
'gaMumifh BuKd uo f vdv k yk af qmifzYkd ajymvdyk gw,f}
]bm&,f r[kwyf gbl;}
]OD;*kPpdwx f rJ mS r½Si;f r½Si;f Bu;D [m 'kua© &mufygvdrrhf ,f/
onfvkd ESv;kH ESpcf aG wG rjzpfygapeJ}Y
]tif;}
]axmifruscifuvnf; 'grsKd ;awG ESpcf gawmifjzpfcNhJ y/D wpf
cguvnf; a½Smhyifuav;0wfNyD; vsufqm;vnfa&mif;&if; w&m;

ÓPuxm 917
a[mcsiw f m/ aemufwpfcu k vnf; Edik if jH cm;oGm;csiw f m}

][kwfygw,f}
]tJ'gawGvnf; wu,fvyk cf sipf w d jf zpfwmqdv k sif vufawGU
vkyzf Ykd vkyaf y;r,f/ Edik if jH cm;oGm;csiw f mqdv k siv f nf; a&mufatmif
txdawmh vkyaf y;r,f/ aq;a&mif;csiw f mqdv k nf; ypön;f Bu, d m
&apr,fqakd wmh wu,frvkycf b hJ ;l / [kw&f UJ vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJonfvkd pdwaf wG 'G[ d oHo,awG jzpfraeeJ/Y igYb0 igydik f
w,f/ igvkycf siw f m vkyv f &Ykd w,fvYkd rSwyf g}
]tif;}
]vlb Y 0[m cPae&wmyJ/ onftwGi;f rSm bmurS t
aESmiftzGUJ rcH&zdYk vdyk gw,f/ OD;*kP BuKd uw f mvkyyf g/ wynfah wmfwYkd
u rwm;jrpfygbl;}
]tif;èpdwfjzpfwmyg}
]rvkyb f aJ wmh pdwrf ul;ygeJ/Y pdwu f ;l w,fqw kd m vkyzf yYkd g/
vkyrf mS r[kwb f J pdwu f ;l wm? ajymqdw k m[m vkyo f al wG&UJ tm;tif
awGtxd xdcu kd yf gw,f/ 'gygyJ/ 'godatmif ajymwmyg}
]at;aygY}
]uJèjyefEdkifMuygNyD}

918 ÓPuxm
111/ rEÅav; ajrmufjyif pnfomvrf; oydww

f ef; OD;pd;k tdrüf
"r®0[
d m&DeD a':oDvtm; ½SiÓ
f Pajymaom vrf;nTepf um;
]a':oDv "r®0[ d m&DeD vkycf whJ m MumNyaD emf}

]vydik ;f avmufawmh ½So d mG ;ygNy}D
]"r®0[d m&DwYkd axmifurvGwcf if b,favmufapmovJ}
]twdtus rajymwwfawmhygbl; bk&m;}
]a':oDvu b,fv&kd nf½, G cf suef YJ "r®0[
d m&DeD vkyv
f u
kd f
wmvJ}
]'gyJ rSew
f ,fxifv?Ykd 'gyJvyk &f r,fvv
Ykd nf; pdwu
f jzpfae
w,f}
][kwfNyD}
]onfawmh ax&0g' oDv½Sib f 0eJY raecsiaf wmhb;l }
]a':oDv&JUtazmf a':arCudk rn§b d ;l vm;}
]n§dwmaygY}
]olu bmajymvJ}
]olu olq Y &mawG[m oli,fpOfu auR;arG;cJw h hJ aus;Zl;½Sif
awGvnf;jzpfvdkY ypfxm;zdkYrvG,fbl;/ wynfharG;NyD; wynfhjzpfrS
vkyv
f jYkd zpfr,f ajymygw,f}
]'gvnf; [kww f myJ}
]olYbufuMunfhawmh [kwfygw,f}
]olYudk apmifhraeawmhbl;vm;}

ÓPuxm 919
]rapmifhEdkifawmhwmeJYyJ}
]tck qGr;f cHpm;aew,faemf}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]qGrf;&&JUvm;}
]&ygw,f bk&m;}
]b,frmS qGr;f cHxu G of vJ}
]ykPmÖ ;uke;f ½GmrSmyg bk&m;}
]½SufEdk;wJhpdwf rjzpfbl;vm;}
]olrsm;awG qGr;f cHpm;wmvnf; r½Sw d mwpfaMumif;? ud,k f
qGr;f cHwhJ cGuu f vnf; 'efcsKd iBhf u;D jzpfaewmwpfaMumif; tpp
taMumif;awGaMumifhaygY}
]r½Suyf gbl; bk&m;}
]vlawGu oa&mfajymifavSmif rvkyMf ubl;vm;}
]qd;k qd;k qmqm rvdw k rm rvkyMf uygbl;/ taysmv f akd wmh
vkyfMuygw,f}
]aumif;ygw,f}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]a':oDvowådudk csD;usL;ygw,f}
]bmjyKvdkYvJ bk&m;}
]yXrqH;k "r®0[ d m&deD vkyEf ikd v
f yYkd gyJ}
]wynfah wmf BuKd ;pm;ygr,f bk&m;}

920 ÓPuxm
]"r®0[ d m&Dwb Ykd 0[m ca&mif;awmrSm jzwfae&wm a':

oDv odNy;D om;yJ}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]zrf;vm;qD;vm;ç w&m;pGaJ xmifcsvm; vkyaf eMuwmaemf}
]odygw,f bk&m;}
]onftxJrmS wd;k 0ifNy;D vkyv f u kd w
f m r[kwv f m;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]tJ'gtwGuf "r®0[ d m&Dwu Ykd *kP, f yl gw,f}
]0rf;omygw,f bk&m;}
]"r®0[ d m&dew D b Ykd 0rSm tcuftcJawGuawmh ½Srd mS yJ/ 'gawG
udk b,fvkd ausmv f mT ;&rvJqNkd y;D tm;arG;xm;ygvdyYk J owday;&r,f}
]owdxm;ygr,f bk&m;}
]"r®0[ d m&de&D UJ b0rSm ynm½Szd u Ykd ta&;rBu;D bl;/ apwem½Sd
zd?Yk ½d;k om;rI½zdS Ykd 'guav;awGawmh vdw k ,f}
]'gawG½adS tmif vkyyf gr,f bk&m;}
]onfomoem&JU trSew f &m;azmfzYkd ud, k u
hf ,
kd uf kd toH;k cscH
Edik wf hJ apwemeJY BuKd ;pm;rIvv YkH awG 'gtwGuf b0udk t½d;k om;qH;k
aexdik w f mawG vky&f rSmyJ}
]vkyrf mS yg bk&m;}
]'gqdv k sif ynmrwwfayrJY omoemtwGuf toH;k usrmS yJ}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 921
]qGrf;cHwJhtcg udk,fhudkqGrf;avmif;vSLMuoluav;awGudk
apmifha½SmufzdkYvnf; rarYapcsifbl;}
]b,fvakd pmifaY ½SmufrvJ bk&m;}
]vlrIa&;b0awGrSm cRwfacsmfvGJrSm; 'ku©rsm;rIuav;awG
jzpfNy;D vnf; aeEdik w f ,f/ jzpfvmp&mvnf; ½SNd y;D aeEdik w f ,f}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]'guav;awGukd uif;orm;rsm; uif;apmifo h vdk olwu Ykd kd
vnf; ud, k u f apmifaY ½Smufay;Edik w f myJ}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]olwt Ykd wGuf ud, k [
f m apmifah ½Smufoal e&mrSm t&m0if
atmif ,lEidk v f sif olwt Ykd usKd ;rsm;Mur,f r[kwv f m;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]ud,k [ f m olw&Ykd UJ aus;Zl;w&m; cHpm;&ovdk ud, k uf vnf;
olwu Ykd kd aus;Zl;jyKEikd o f jl zpfzYkd BuKd ;pm;&r,f}
]BuKd ;pm;ygYr,f bk&m;}
]olrsm;udk ud, k u f oifMum;vrf;ñTew f ,fqw kd m b,fvkd
jzpfatmif oifMum;vrf;ñTe&f r,f rodrjzpfapeJ}Y
]b,fvjkd zpf&rSmvJ bk&m;}
]ud, k uhf , kd u
f kd pHxm;Ny;D igvdjk zpfatmifyv J Ykd oifMum;&r,f?
vrf;ñTef&r,f}
]wifyg bk&m;}

922 ÓPuxm
]a':oDvwdu Yk kd "r®0[ d m&Dwu Ykd vrf;ñTeo f ifMum;rSmvnf;

'gyJjzpfw,f}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]a':oDvudk "r®0[ d m&deaD umif; jzpfzyYkd ?J em;vnfovm;}
]em;vnfygw,f bk&m;}
]onfawmh ud, k u f ud, k q
hf &morm;qdo k al wGeYJ twlq;kH
jzpfatmif b,fvakd e&rvJ BuKd ;pm;yg}
]"r®0d[m&DwkdYvnf; a½S;ubk&m;pwJh olawmfaumif;awG
b,fvakd exdik f vkyu f ikd of mG ;ovJ odatmifyJ vky&f wmyJ}
][kwrf mS yg bk&m;}
]ud, k o f o
d rQeYJ ud, k ef pYJ yfoal wGukd a':oDvwdu Yk oifMum;
yg/ vrf;ñTeyf g/ rodwmawGeYJ rvkyrf w d t
hJ xd ½d;k om;ygapaygY}
]½d;k ½d;k om;om;aeygr,f bk&m;}
]aumif;NyèD use;f rmatmif pdwcf sr;f omatmif aeEdik yf gap}
]aumif;ygNyD bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 923
112/ rEÅav; ykord Bf u;D ? ykPmÖ ;uke;f ½Gm rd;k jymausmif;ü rEÅav;
rS aMumifyef;vufoif w&m;orm;uav;wpfO;D tm;
½SiÓf Pajymaom vlxrJ mS vl½mS pum;
]'uma& rif;ajymawGvnf;&yfO;D / rif;ajymwJh w&m;pum;

u ½SnfvSNyD}
][kwyf gYb&k m;? pdwyf gygeJY ajymrdomG ;wmyg}
]igu bke;f Bu;D qdak wmh igvnf; w&m;pum; ajymcsiaf o;
wmaygh}
]ajymyg bk&m;? wynfah wmfu em&atmif onfuv kd u kd v
f m
cJw
h myg bk&m;}
]at;èonfvv kd nf; vkyyf gOD;}
]vkyyf g bk&m;}
]igu rif;udk ar;csiw f myg}
]bmvJ bk&m;}
]rif;ajymwJw h &m;awGu aumif;ygw,f/ bmrS tjypfajym
p&m r½Syd gbl;/ 'gayrJY rif;udk ar;csiw f muav;u jzpfvmw,f}
]ar;yg bk&m;}
]rifw
Y &m;awGu bm&zdt Yk wGuf vky&f wmawGv}J
]bk&m;}
]igar;csiwf mu 'gygyJ/ rif;w&m;awGu bmawG&zdt Yk wGuf
w&m;awGvJ-vdkYyg? [kwfvm;}

924 ÓPuxm
][kwfygw,f}
]edAmÁ ef&zdYk r[kwvf m;}
][kwyf gw,f/edAmÁ ef&zdt Yk wGuf onfw&m;awGu vky&f wm
awGaygY bk&m;}
]at;èaemufar;cGef;wpfckvnf; ar;csifao;w,f}
]ar;yg bk&m;}
]tJ'gu rif;w&m;awGu rif;½Sw d ,fvYkd todtrSwjf yKrmS rdYkd
vdkYvm; b,fvdkvJ}
]rjyKbl; bk&m;}
]rif;w&m;awGu rif;½Sdwmudk todtrSwf rjyKbl;aemf/
[kwfvm;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]rif;tajzESpcf t k & rifu Y kd igwpfcak jym&r,f}
]ajymyg bk&m;}
]tJ'gu rif; tJonfw&m;awG rvkyef aYJ wmhvyYkd /J em;vnf
&JUvm;}
]vnfygw,f bk&m;}
]igajympum;udk rif;bmjyefNy;D ajymcsiaf o;vJ}
]ajymcsiyf gw,f bk&m;}
]ajymyg}
]wynfhawmf w&m;rSm;aewm½Sdvsif ajymaygYbk&m;/ 'grS
bmjzpfvYkd rvkyo f ifw h m ay:vGirf mS aygY bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 925
]at;è[kwfwmaygY}
]tJ'g ajymygbk&m;}
]ajymr,faemf}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]rif;w&m;[m rif;ajymovdk edAmÁ efukd a&mufapEdik w f ,f
qdw
k m rSecf sirf eS rf ,f? 'gayrJ-Y }
]ajymygbk&m;}
]rif;w&m;u rifu h kd edAmÁ efa&mufatmif rvkyaf y;Edik w f m
aocsmw,f/ 'gaMumifh rvkyef v YJ Ykd ajymwmyJ}
]tJonfw&m;u wynfah wmfukd bmaMumifh edAmÁ efa&muf
atmif vkyrf ay;Edik w f mvJ bk&m;}
]at;è'g ½Si;f &r,f}
]½Si;f ay;yg bk&m;}
]rif;w&m;u rif;½Sw d ,fvYkd todtrSwjf yKryS J rif;udk edAmÁ ef
a&mufapvdrrhf ,f/ tck todtrSwrf jyKb;l r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]rifw h &m;u edAmÁ efukd ,lay;Edik v f nf; rifu
h kd ,lray;bl;}
]rif;udk riYw f &m;u ]½Sw d ,f}-vdYk todtrSwrf jyKvb Ykd }J
]onfvdkvm; bk&m;}
]rifrh mS ay;p&mypön;f ½Sad omfrS ay;&olukd rodvsif ay;vdrYk &
bl; r[kwv f m;}

926 ÓPuxm
][kwfygw,f}
]onftwdkif;aygY}
]at;èbk&m;}
]at;èvkyfraeeJY}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]rif;wdYk awmfawmf rawmfwv hJ al wGy}J
]ajymyg bk&m;}
]rawmfrwJhtvkyfawG vkyfMuvdkYaygY}
]bmawGvyk v f v Ykd J bk&m;}
]vlxJ vl½Smw,fav}
]bk&m;}
]rif;wdu
Yk vlxrJ mS vl½mS Muw,f/ 'gawmfrvm;/ pOf;pm;yg}
]b,fvdkpOf;pm;&rSmvJ bk&m;}
]vlxrJ mS vl½rdS vm;aygY}
]vlu b,frmS ½Sw d mvJ bk&m;}
]onfurÇmavmuxJrSmaygY}
]'gawmh odwmaygY}
]odvsif vlub kd maMumifh vlxrJ mS ½SmMuwmvJ/ vlxrJ mS
t½d;k çtom;ç taMumçta& tppawGy½J rdS mS aygY b,frmS vl½ydS gYrvJ}
]quftrde½Yf ydS gOD; bk&m;}
]vufarmif;xJrmS vufarmif;½Smw,fw/hJ awGUr,fvm;uG/
vufarmif;u vufarmif;xJrmS ½Sw d mrSr[kww f m}

ÓPuxm 927
]vufarmif;u b,frmS ½Sw d mvJ bk&m;}

]vlyY ck ;kH ESpzf ufab;rSmaygY}
]OD;acgif;xJrmS OD;acgif;½Sm? ½Smom½Sm& ½Smr&wJh [kwv f m;/
pmawGcsdK;xm;Muao;w,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]OD;acgif;xJu OD;acgif;½SmvdYk &ygYrvm;/ OD;acgif;u OD;acgif;
xJ½w
dS mrS r[kww f mbJ/ vlcY E¨mud, k &f UJ txufrmS ½Sw
d myJ}
]'gawmh 'gaygY bk&m;}
]'gawmh 'gaygY-rvkyef /YJ rif;wdaYk wmfawmf raumif;bl;}
]vlr½Sw d aYJ e&mrSm vl½mS w,f/ onfawmh vlrawGUbl;/ r
awGUawmh vlqw kd m r½Sw
d t
hJ &mjzpfw,fvYkd aumufcsuq f MJG uw,f/
r[kwfbl;vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]vlr½Sw d aYJ e&m vl½mS wm awmfrvm;}
]rawmfygbl; bk&m;}
]vlr½Sw d ahJ e&mrSm vl½mS vsif vlawGUEdik yf gYrvm;}
]rawGUygbl;}
]vlrawGUwmeJY vlqw kd mr½Sb d ;l -vdYk vkyw
f muvnf; awmfo
vm;}
]rawmfygbl; bk&m;}
]'gaMumifah jymwm rif;wd[ Yk m awmfawmf rawmfwv hJ al wGv}Ykd

928 ÓPuxm
]ajymyg bk&m;}
]rifv
h uf0wfxm;wJeh m&DxrJ mS em&Du½kd mS vdYk awGUrvm;}
]rawGUygbl;}
]em&DxrJ mS em&D½w dS m r[kwb f ;l / em&Du rif;vufaumuf
0wfrmS ½Sw d myJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]em&DxrJ mS bD;awGçoHywfawG tppawGy½J rdS mS aygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]at;aygY}
]rif;-ausmbufvn S v
hf u
kd Nf y;D tJonfrmS igYu½kd mS vsif rif;
awGUrvm;}
]rawGUygbl;}
]at;èigr½Sw d ahJ e&mrSm ighu½kd mS Ny;D ighrawGUwmeJY igr½Sb d ;l
rvkyvf u
kd ef aYJ emf/ igu onfuxl;vdu k rf ,f [kwvf m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]igajymwmawG obm0us&JUvm;}
]wynfah wmf pOf;pm;ygOD;r,f bk&m;}
]'gudk rif;u bmpOf;pm;rSmvJ/ rif;pOf;pm;p&mudk igbmajym
ovJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]rif;udrk if; aysmufaewmudk raysmufatmif ajymwmyJ}
][kwfygw,f}

ÓPuxm 929
]rif;wdoYk abmw&m;Bu;D [m ud, k u

hf ,
kd u
f kd azsmufypfwrf;
upm;aeMuovdk jzpfaew,f r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvdkvkyfvsifawmh awmfawmfraumif;bl;aemf}
]wynfah wmf aemufrv S mygOD;r,f bk&m;}
]at;èajymvdkufr,f}
]ajymygbk&m;}
]igu tckèrif;ud,k u f av;vdk rif;jyefay;vdu k wf m/ tJ'g
jyefaysmufvsiaf wmh rvmcJeh aYJ emf/ rif;vmvsif rif;ud, k rf if; jyef&
aeNy;D om;jzpfrS vmcJ}h
]wifyg bk&m;}

930 ÓPuxm
113/ rEÅav; ykord Bf u;D ykPmÖ ;uke;f ½Gm rd;k jymausmif;ü ykvNJ rKd U
tv,fb½kH mG rS vli,fwpfO;D tm; ½SiÓ f Pajymaom
w&m;rl;pum;
]cav; b,fuvmovJ}
]ykvNJ rKd U tv,fb½kH mG uyg/ eef;awmfa½SUrSm wnf;ygw,f/
tJonfu vmcJw Y myg}
]cav; onfukd bmudp½ö v dS v
Ykd }J
]½GmrSm bke;f Bu;D w&m;ud?k tacGem&zl;ygw,f/rEÅav;a&muf
cdu
k f awGUzl;csiw f meJY vmcJw
h myg}
]at;è[kwfNyD}
]wynfhawmfudk w&m;enf;enf;ajymjyay;yg}
]rif;u tdraf xmif½o dS vm;}
]vlvGwfyg}
]rdbESpyf g; ½Sad o;vm;}
]taryJ½Sdygawmhw,f}
]rif;wdkYt&yf rdk;av0ob,fvdkvJ}
]oifhygw,f}
]rEÅav;udk bmudpeö YJ vmwmvJ}
]tvnfygyJ}
]tm;aevdkYvm;}
][kwyf gw,f/ wynfah wmfukd w&m;a[myg}

ÓPuxm 931
]rif;u bmodcsifvdkYvJ}
]tewåtaMumif; odcsiyf gw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]tm;vH;k [m tewåawGjzpfw,f [kwyf govm;}
]tvum;yguGm}
]tJ'g wu,f r[kwb f ;l vm;}
]rif;udik g ar;&OD;r,f}
]ar;yg bk&m;}
]rif;udk onfvmzdYk b,fou l vTwv f u
kd wf mvJ}
]b,folurS rvTwfygbl;}
]rif;vmcsiv f Ykd vmwmvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]rif;vmcsiw f tYJ wdik ;f vmvd&Yk w,fqakd wmh rif;ud, k rf if;ydik f
vdv
Yk m;? rydik v f v Ykd m;}
]ydik v
f aYkd ygY bk&m;}
]at;èrif;ud, k rf if;rydik v
f sif rif;èonfukd vmvd&Yk ygYrvm;}
]r&ygbl;}
]at;aygY/ rif;jyefawmh rif;url;aew,f/ w&m;vnf;rl;ae
w,f/ trl;ESpcf ek YJ onfurkd vmeJ/Y wpfcak vmufr;l wmyJ pum;ajym
vdkY&r,f}
]aumif;ygNyD}

932 ÓPuxm
114/ rEÅav; ykord Bf u;D ykPmÖ ;uke;f ½Gm rd;k jymausmif;ü r*Fvm
qGr;f uyfvmaom wynfZh eD;armifEt HS m; ½SiÓ f Pajymaom
&efrjzpfenf;pum;
]rif;wdEYk pS af ,muf ,lvu kd Mf uNyvD m;}

]wifyg bk&m;}
]b,fwkef;uvJ}
]0gqdkOD;uyg}
]vufxyfyaJG &m usi;f yNy;D Nyv D m;}
]ajy;vmaeMuwmyg}
]tck b,faeMuvJ}
]NrKd Uopf bBu;D tdrrf mS yg}
]tck bmvmvkyMf uwmvJ}
]r*FvmqGr;f vmuyfMuwmyg}
]at;èonfvq kd kd qGr;f pm;Ny;D rS igu r*Fvmpum; ajymay;&
r,f/ em;axmifMurvm;}
]em;axmifrmS aygY bk&m;}
]igYtwGuf qGr;f jyifMu}
]toifyY g bk&m;}
]igNyD;awmh rif;wdkYpm;Mu/ igYausmif;rSm b,folrSr½Sdbl;/
rif;wdpYk m;Ny;D aq;aMumokwo f ifwmvnf; rif;wdyYk v J yk Mf u/ Ny;D vsif
w&m;emMur,f}

ÓPuxm 933
]aumif;ygNyD bk&m;}
(tm;vHk;NyD;aomtcg)
]wynfhawmfwdkYudk r*FvmOD;tqHk;trpum; ay;EdkifygNyD

bk&m;}
]at;}
]wynfhawmfwdkYu bmvkyf&rvJ bk&m;}
]bmrSrvky&f bl;/ oufomovdk tJonfxikd cf akH wGay:rSmyJ
xdik Nf y;D em;axmifMu}
]aumif;ygNyD bk&m;}
]rif;wdu Yk kd ig-Mo0g'rajymcifrmS ar;&OD;r,f}
]ar;yg bk&m;}
]rif;wdYk vifr,m;tjzpf aygif;oif;zdYk rdbtdru f oabmwl
xGuv f mNy;D aeMuwm b,favmufMumoGm;Nyv D }J
]ESpv f eJY ig;&ufyg bk&m;}
]½H;k rSm vufrw S xf ;kd Ny;D a&maygYaemf}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]½H;k rSm vifr,m;tjzpf vufrw S x
f ;kd Ny;D wm[m vifr,m;
tjzpfaewm ajrmufwmygyJ? r*FvmaqmifyaJG &m usi;f yOD;rSmvm;}
]oDwif;uRwrf S rdbtdrjf yefNy;D usi;f yrSmyg bk&m;}
]b,frdburS ruefYuGufbl; r[kwfvm;}
]ruefu Y u G yf gbl; bk&m;}

934 ÓPuxm
]aemufxyfar;cGef;wpfck xyfar;&OD;r,f}
]ar;yg bk&m;}
]rif;wdEYk pS Of ;D vifr,m;tjzpfa&mufNy;D rS &efjzpfz;l MuNyv D m;}
]jzpfz;l ygNyD bk&m;}
]b,fEpS Bf urd f jzpfNy;D Nyv D }J
]ESpBf urd yf g bk&m;}
]&,lNyD;Muwmu b,favmufMumNyDvJ}
]ESpv f ausmyf g bk&m;}
]ESpv f ausmrf mS ESpcf g&efjzpfNy;D aeNyaD emf [kwv f m;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]ESpv f ausmrf mS ESpcf gqdak wmh wpfqtcsed jf zpfwhJ av;v
ausmrf mS av;cgjzpfr,faemf}
][kwfygw,f}
]'g ½d;k ½d;k wGuef YJ wGuw f m}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfxuf apYapYuav;wGufvsif onfvdkjzpfrSm r[kwf
bl;}
]b,fvdkjzpfrSmvJ bk&m;}
]yXrESpv f rSm ESpBf urd qf vkd sif aemufEpS vf xyfaygif;vdYk av;
vjzpfvsif av;cgrvmawmhb;l / ajcmufcgqdw k mrsKd ; wd;k vmvdrhf
r,f}

ÓPuxm 935
]taMumif;trsdK;rsdK;aMumifhyJ/ taMumif;awGxm;awmh}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]aemufqv kd sif wpf&ufjcm; ESp&f ufjcm; av;ig;&ufjcm;awG
&efjzpfp&m½Sdw,f}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]vifr,m;b0rSm &efjzpfvsiaf wmh vifr,m;b0 wnf
aqmuf&wJh &nf½G,fcsuf atmifjrifrSm r[kwfbl;}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]vifr,m;[m aysm½f iT cf sr;f ajrUcsiv f Ykd wnfaqmufwm r
[kwfvm;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]&efjzpfaevsif vifr,m;b0[m qif;&JwiG ;f xJ vufwcJG ek f
csovdk jzpfrmS yJ}
]bmjzpfvYkd qif;&JrmS vJ bk&m;}
]vl[m &efjzpfvsif wpfO;D &JU*kPo f ud m© udk wpfO;D u avsmh
Munfhwwfw,f r[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]ud,
k chf spo
f u l *kPo f u
d m© rJv
h mvsif tjypfawG ydjk rifvmwm
[m "r®wmyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]aemufqHk;rSm twlaezdkY &nf½G,fcsufawG arS;rSdefvmr,f}
][kwfygw,f}

936 ÓPuxm
]onfvjkd zpfvsif tJonfvifr,m;[m pD;yGm;rjzpfEikd af wmh

bl;}
]bmjyKvdkYvJ bk&m;}
]pD;yGm;jzpfw,fqw kd m wpfO;D udwk pfO;D odycf spMf urS}
]b,fvdk ywfoufovJ bk&m;}
]cspw f meJY pD;yGm;jzpfwm ywfoufw,f}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]a,musmf ;vkyo f [
l m olrY mS cspo
f ½l x dS m;vsif oltY wGuof m
rubJ olcY spo f t l wGuyf g tvkyaf wG ydv k yk v f mw,f}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]rde;f rvkyo f u
l vnf; onfvykd /J ud, k chf spo
f l a,musmf ;ouf
omapcsivf Ykd ud, k uf tvkyaf wG usKH ;vkyv f mw,f}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]cspfrS apwemawG ay:wm}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]rcspfvsif apwemray:bl;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]apwemay:rS tvkyaf wGukd wpfqwd;k vkyMf uwm}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]wpfqwd;k Ny;D ESpOf ;D vH;k [m vkyMf uawmh vkyt f m;u av;
a,mufpm/ onfvdkrjzpfbl;vm;}
]jzpfygw,f bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 937
]toH;k rSmu ESpaf ,mufxJ r[kwv f m;}

][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]onfawmh ESpaf ,mufvyk t f m; rydb k ;l vm;}
]ydyk gw,f bk&m;}
]onfyw kd mawG pkvu kd af wmh vifr,m;b0 vdt k yforQawG
atmifjrifNy;D csr;f omMurSmaygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]wpfa,mufew YJ pfa,muf rcspv f sif 'gawG&UJ ajymif;jyef t
jzpfawG jzpfvmr,f}
]b,fvdkjzpfrSmvJ bk&m;}
]olu Y kd ud,k u
f rcspaf wmh olw Y m0ef r,lcsi½f rHk ubl; ud, k hf
wm0efukd olt Y ay: yHx k m;csiv f mw,f}
][kwrf mS yg bk&m;}
]wpfbufoluvnf; onfvdkyJjzpfvmr,f}
][kwrf mS yg bk&m;}
]onfawmh ESpaf ,mufvyk t f m;[m wpfa,mufpmavmuf
yJ jzpfvmr,f r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gqdv k sif wpfa,mufvyk t f m; ESpaf ,mufpm;oH;k ovdk jzpf
NyaD ygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]pD;yGm;a&; jzpfygawmhrvm;}

938 ÓPuxm
]rjzpfawmhygbl;}
]tcspaf &;ysuv f Ykd pD;yGm;rjzpf? pD;yGm;Muyfwnf;vdYk tcspaf &;
rom,m onfvdkrjzpfaybl;vm;}
]jzpfrmS yg bk&m;}
]'gqdk 'kuw © iG ;f xJ vufwNJG y;D qif;wm rjzpfb;l vm;}
]jzpfygw,f}
]'gèb,fupwmvJ}
]&efjzpfwmu pygw,f}
]onfawmh vifr,m;b0rSm atmifjrifcsiw f ,fqv kd sif &ef
jzpfwm a½Smif&r,f r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfawmh rif;wdYk odNy;D om;jzpfrmS yg/ &efjzpfwm raumif;
bl;vdYk rodb;l vm;}
]odygw,f bk&m;}
]onfawmh &efrjzpfMueJv Y Ykd igajymvsif tydyk jJ zpfrmS aygY}
]rydyk gbl; bk&m;}
]odNyD;om;xyfajymwmyJ/ bmxl;rSmvJaygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfawmh &efrjzpfMueJv Y Ykd igèrajymawmhb;l }
]wifyg bk&m;}
]&efrjzpf&atmif aeenf;um;udk igajym&r,f}
]ajymyg bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 939
]'gajymzdt Yk wGuf rif;wduYk kd igèar;cGe;f enf;enf; ar;&r,f}

]ar;yg bk&m;}
]rif;wdEYk pS af ,muf tckvkd vifr,m;b0 rjzpfcifu wpf
a,mufuw kd pfa,muf cspcf ifNy;D aexdik q f ufqcH MhJ uwm b,f
avmufMumNyDvJ}
]ESpfESpfavmufygbk&m;}
][kwfNyDèaemufxyfwpfck ar;OD;r,f}
]ar;yg bk&m;}
]tJonf ESpEf pS t f csed t
f wGi;f rSm rif;wdEYk pS af ,muf[m b,f
ESpfBudrfavmuf &efjzpfcJhzl;MuovJ}
]&efrjzpfz;l ygbl; bk&m;}
]at;è[kwf&JUvm;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]ESpEf pS f qufqv H mwm wpfcgrS &efrjzpfz;l bl;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]tck vifr,m;jzpfawmh ESpv f ausmaf v;½Sad o;w,f/ ESpcf g
&efjzpfNy;D MuNyD [kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJ'gbmvJ pOf;pm;&r,f}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]&efjzpfwm[m qif;&Jovm;? csr;f omovm;? b,fvx kd if
MuvJ}

940 ÓPuxm
]qif;&Jygw,f bk&m;}
]qif;&Jwmudk bmjzpfvYkd vkyMf uwmvJ}
]rodygbl; bk&m;}
]tJ'g igajymr,f}
]ajymyg bk&m;}
]qif;&JrSef;odvsufeJYvkyfwm[m onfxufqif;&Jwpfckudk
ausmvf mT ;csiv f yYkd J jzpf&r,f r[kwb f ;l vm;}
][kwrf mS yg bk&m;}
]onfawmh &efjzpfwm&JU taMumif;[m qif;&JwmyJ jzpf&
r,f}
][kwrf mS yg bk&m;}
]vifr,m;jzpfwm[m qif;&Jw,fqdkwJht"dyÜg,f ra&muf
bl;vm;}
]a&mufygw,f bk&m;}
]&nf½, G w f mu csr;f omzdv
Yk m;? qif;&Jzv
Ykd m;}
]csr;f omzdyYk g bk&m;}
]wu,fawmh qif;&Jovm;? csr;f omovm;qdw k m &efjzpf
wmu oufaocH raebl;vm;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]vifr,m;jzpf&wm qif;&Jw,fvaYkd &m xif&UJ vm;}
]rxifygbl; bk&m;}
]at;èrxif&bl;yJ jzpf&r,f}

ÓPuxm 941
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}

]taMumif; tcdu k rf oifw h mav; wpfcw k pfav½Sv d Ykd rawmf
wqjzpfwmvdyYk J atmufarhr,f r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvx kd ifwm rSeçf rrSef pOf;pm;&r,f}
]b,fvkd pOf;pm;&rSmvJ bk&m;}
]vifr,m;vkyMf uw,fqw kd m b,fvv kd v J Ykd pOf;pm;&rSmyJ}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]vifr,m;vkyw f ,fqw kd m a,musmf ;çrde;f rESpOf ;D [m ud, k hf
qDrmS ½Sw
d hJ wufrufp&m tm½Hik g;yg;udk ud, k yf ikd t f jzpfu pGev Yf w T Nf y;D
udk,fhcspfoludk ay;Muw,f [kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]ud,
k chf spo f ql w
kd hJ ol&Y UJ wyfrufp&mjzpfwhJ tqif;awGçtoH
awGçteHaY wGçt&omawGuv kd nf; ud, k yf ikd tf jzpf odr;f ydu k v f u kd wf ,f
r[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]a,musmf ;uvnf; olq Y u D vlrufp&mtm½Hak wGukd rde;f rudk
yJ wpfOD;wnf; tydkifay;vdkufNyD; rdef;r&JUrufarmp&m tm½HkawGudk
vnf; udk,fwpfOD;wnf; tydkift&,l vdkufwmyJ r[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]vifr,m;vdk vkyMf uNyq D v kd sif onft"dygÜ ,foufa&mufwhJ
y#dnmOf cH0efawG usiMhf uawmhwmyJ r[kwv f m;}

942 ÓPuxm
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvq kd v
kd sif onfoEl pS Of ;D [m vGwv f yfoal wG jzpfaeMu
rvm;? rvGwfvyfolawG jzpfaeMurvm;}
]rvGwfvyfbl;aygY bk&m;}
]EGm;ESpaf umifukd BuKd ;wpfacsmif;eJY wGx J m;vsif onfEmG ;awG
b,fvGwfvyfawmhrvJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]vifr,m;b0[m rvGwv f yfoq l akd wmh rvGwv f yfo[ l m
qif;&JwmyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfawmh &efjzpf&wmaygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]orD;&nf;pm; cspo f b
l 0[m wpfO;D &JU umr*kPu f kd wpfO;D
u ydkifNyDvm;}
]rydik yf gbl;}
]onfawmh olw[ Ykd m vGwv f yfov l m;? rvGwv f yfov l m;}
]vGwv f yfoyl g bk&m;}
]vGwfvyfwmu csrf;omw,f? Nidrf;at;w,f? vSyw,f?
onfvdkawG r[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfawmh onfoal wG &efjzpfrvm;}
]rjzpfygbl;}

ÓPuxm 943
]orD;&nf;pm;awG &efrjzpfwm 'gaMumifyh }J

][kwfrSmyg}
]onfawmh}
]qH;k ryg bk&m;}
]vifr,m;qdNk y;D aeMuayrJY vlwikd ;f vdrk vkyMf ueJ}Y
]b,fvakd e&rSmvJ bk&m;
]a,musmf ;vkyo f u l vnf; rde;f r&JUtm½Hik g;yg; umr*kPw f
&m;awG[m igydkifjzpfw,fvdkY rodrf;vdkufeJY}
]wifygY}
]rde;f rvkyo f ul vnf; a,musmf ;qDrmS ½Sw d hJ tm½Hik g;yg; umr
*kPwf &m;awGukd igydik jf zpfw,fvYkd rodr;f ydu k ef }YJ
]wifygY}
]a,musmf ;vkyo f u l ud,
k rhf mS ½Sw d hJ tm½Hik g;yg; umr*kPw f
&m;udvk nf; b,forl rS ay;eJ/Y ud, k yf ikd tf jzpfyJ xm;&r,f}
]wifygY}
]rde;f rvkyo f ul vnf; ud, k rhf mS ½Sw d hJ tm½Hik g;yg; umr*kPf
w&m;awG[m ud, k yf yJ ikd w
f ,fqNkd y;D ud, k [ hf m ud, k yf ikd &f r,f}
]wifygY}
]qdkvdkwmu}
]wifygY}
]ud, k tYf m½Hk umr*kPaf wGukd ud, k yf yJ ikd &f r,f}
]wifygY}

944 ÓPuxm
]olrsm;tm½Hk umr*kPaf wGvnf; ud, k u f rodr;f ydu

k b
f ;l }
]wifygY}
]tJ'gqdv k sif onfvifr,m;[m vGwv f yfvrd rhf ,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]vGwv f yfo[ l m aysm½f iT cf sr;f ajrUaevdrrhf ,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfoal wG &efrjzpfawmhb;l }
][kwfygw,f}
]onfolawG wdk;wufvdrfhr,f}
][kwfrSmygyJ}
]'gèoabmus&JUvm;}
]wynfah wmfwYkd vifr,m; uGaJ e&rSmvm;}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]b,fvdkaygif;&rSmvJ}
]tcsi;f csi;f tay: olrsm;awGvkd pdwx f m;rsKd ;r½Sw
d muvGv J Ykd
olrsm;awGvykd J ae&rSmaygY}
]zdkrudpöawG b,fvdkjzpfrvJ}
]vifr,m;rjzpfcif cspo f &l nf;pm;b0awG jzpfpOfu zdrk udpö
awG ½SdcJhaumif; ½SdcJhEdkifygw,f}
]xm;ygawmh bk&m;}
]tJonftcsed u f zdrk udpaö wG b,fv½kd cdS MhJ uovJ ar;&r,f}
]ajymygOD; bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 945
]wpfOD;udkwpfOD; rydkifbl;r[kwfvm;}
]rydik yf gbl;}
]rydik af yrJY vdck siw
f m&Muwm r[kwv f m;}
]&Muygw,f}
]vdck sio f u
l ay;rnfo h u
l kd ay;csiaf tmif csL,lwmyJr[kwf
vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tckvnf; vifr,m;b0rSm zdkrudpötwGuf vdkcsifolu
ay;rnfo
h ql uD csL,laygY}
]aumif;yghrvm;}
]csLvdrYk &wm ½SEd ikd w
f ,f/ 'gayrJY csLvdrYk &wmu ray;csiyf J
&wmxufawmh aumif;rSmyg}
][kwfygw,f}
]uJèrif;wdYk ysi;f Ny?D idu
k w
f m igawGUw,f/ awmfMuawmh}

946 ÓPuxm
115/ ,if;rmyifNrKd U wrmyifc½G mG ayyifpak usmif;ü

q&maX;tm; ½SiÓ f Pajymaom tewåpum;
]raeYu tdy&f m0ifrmS cifAsm;wdaYk jymMuwJph um;awG Mum;

w,f}
]tewåtaMumif;aygY}
]aMomfè'gvm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]bke;f Bu;D rtdyaf o;bl;vm;}
]aysmaf eNy;D om;yJ cifAsm;wdaYk jymMuwmeJY Ed;k vmwm}
]bke;f Bu;D u xrajymbl;}
]tdyaf &;ysuaf erSmpd;k wmeJyY J Nird af evdu k w
f m}
]olu bkef;BuD;w&m;a[mwJYtcsdefwGif;u tewåqdkwm
½kyaf wGçemrfawG tukev f ;kH r[kwb
f ;l / 'kuo© pömxdu k w
f hJ ½kyçf emrfawG
om tewåxu kd w
f ,fajymwmudk rauseyfaewmudk bk&m;}
][kwv f rd rhf ,f/ 'guvnf; Mum;&olwikd ;f vdyk J rauseyfv, G f
Mubl;}
]olwu Ykd a½S;tpOftvmtwdik ;f ½S½d o dS rQawG[m tewåyv J Ykd
ajymqdpk um;udk rSwo f m;xm;Ny;D aeMuNyq D akd wmh a½TUzdcYk ufaeMuyHk
&ygw,f bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 947
][kww f ,fèedAmÁ efuakd wmif tewåxJ xnfx h m;Muw,fqkd

awmh tewåuakd wmh pdwcf svufcs rSwNf y;D xm;Mu[efwyl gw,f}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]usKyaf [majymyGNJ y;D awmh onftaMumif; aqG;aEG;usecf MhJ u
w,f xifw,f}
][kww f ,f? wynfah wmfwv Ykd nf; wwfEikd o f rQ ½Si;f wmyJ}
]tJ'g rauseyfbl;eJYwlw,f}
]olu vlxrJ mS yJ csrajymwwfawmh vl½iS ;f vdt Yk yd &f m0ifrmS
ar;wmeJYwlw,f}
]olar;wmu tcsufuswmyJ}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]q&maX; uReaf wmfAu kd xf u J emvdu k wf mwJh [kwv f m;}
][kww f ,f? ol wu,fajymwm rSwo f mG ;wmyJ}
]cifAsm;jyefar;oHvnf; Mum;w,f/ b,favmufMumNyv D v
J Ykd
[kwfvm;}
][kwfw,f? wynfhawmfu aq;wdkuf&atmifar;wm}
]olu jyefajymwmMum;w,f}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]vkyfprf;ygOD;}
]olAu kd ef m rcHcsib
f ;l wJ/h 'gayrJY onfvrkd ematmif olr
wwfEikd b
f ;l / Adu k ef mwmudk olrydik b
f ;l aygY bk&m;/ olu onfvakd jym
wm}

948 ÓPuxm
]Mum;w,f}
]wynfah wmfvnf; bmjyefajym&r,frod jzpfomG ;w,f}
][kww f ,f? cifAsm;bmrSjyefajymoH rMum;&bJ wdwo f mG ;
wm owdxm;aerdw,f}
]ol wu,fAu kd ef mwmrS r[kwb
f J bk&m;}
][kwfw,fAsm}
]onfawmh wynfah wmfvnf; bmjyefajymp&mrS r½Sad wmh
wmyJ}
]w&m;ar;wmqdkawmh w&m;jyefajym&rSmaygY}
]'gèb,fvakd jym&rvJ bk&m;}
]tvG,fuav;yJ}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]a&m*gudk b,fol cHpm;csirf vJ/ 'gayrJY onfa&m*gudk rcH
pm;&atmif rwwfEikd Mf ubl; rif;xifovm;vdYk jyefar;&rSmaygY}
][kww f ,fvYkd oluajymvsiaf &m bk&m;}
]tck rif;Adu k ef mw,f? rif;rcHcsibf ;l / rcHcsiv
f sif onf
aq;aomufvu kd u f mG / rcHap&bl;vdYk cifAsm;u aq;q&myJ ajym
Edik cf iG hf ½S&d rSmaygY}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]cifAsm;wdYk aq;q&mawG[m vlawG rjzpfcsiw f mawG rjzpf&
atmif vkyfay; aeolawGyJ r[kwfvm;}

ÓPuxm 949
]vkyaf y;aewmawmh [kwyf gw,f/ tukeaf wmh vkyrf ay;

Edkifbl;aygY}
]tukerf vkyEf ikd w
f m rwwfao;vdyYk /J vkyaf y;vdrYk &vdrYk S r
[kwfwm}
]'gqdak wmh tJ'gawG[m tewår[kww f m ay:vGiNf yaD ygY
bk&m;aemf}
]'gaygYAs}
]odNyD bk&m;}

950 ÓPuxm
116/ awmifiNl rKd U NzKd ;"mwfyw

kH u
kd üf wumBu;D OD;ausmpf ed t
f m;
½SifÓPajymaom udk;uG,frIvGwfvyfcGifYpum;
]bke;f Bu;D wdYk tckvkd "r®0[

d m&Dvyk w
f meJpY yfNy;D ajymqdw
k mawG
bmrS rvkyMf ubl;vm;}
]vkyfwmaygY}
]b,fvakd wG vkyMf uvJ bk&m;}
]rEÅav;axmifruscifu wpfcg? axmifusNy;D rS wpfcg? ESpf
cgawmif ½So d mG ;NyyD }J
]ajymygOD; bk&m;}
]axmifrcscifuawmY ykord Bf u;D rSwyf w kH if½;kH u "r®0[
d m&D
wdkYudk ac:w,f}
]ESpyf g;vH;k vm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]rSwyf w kH if½;kH u omoema&;½H;k vnf; jzpfw,feYJ wlw,f}
][kww f ,fèNrKd Ue,fomoema&;rSL;wm0efukd olwYkd NrKd Ue,fO;D
pD;u wm0ef,&l w,f xifw,f}
]bmawGajymvJ bk&m;}
]onfvdk t0wfawGeJY raeMuzdkYygyJ}
]bkef;BuD;wdkYu bmjyefajymvJ}
]bmjzpfvdkY wm;wmvJaygY}
]olwdkYu bmjyefajzvJ}

ÓPuxm 951
]Edik if aH wmfu w&m;pGv J mp&m½Sw d ,f qdw k mavmuf t"d

yÜg,fa&mufwphJ um; ajymwmygyJ}
]bke;f Bu;D wdu Yk kd Ncrd ;f ajcmufwmawG bmawG vkyaf o;ovm;}
]rvkyyf gbl;/0wå&m;t& ajymwJo h abmygyJ/ ajymwmvnf;
<u,f<u,f00 r[kwyf gbl;? wnfw h nfw
h ;kd wd;k ygyJ}
]bke;f Bu;D u bmwkUH jyefcv hJ }J
]usKyw f u
Ykd tysi;f ajyvkyw f mr[kwyf gbl;/ t,ltqt&
vkyrf jS zpfrmS rdYk vkyw f mygvdyYk }J
]onfawmh olwdkYbmajymMuvJ}
]tjypfawGbmawG &aerSmpd;k vdyYk gvdYk ajymMuw,f}
]bkef;BuD;wdkY bmajymMuvJ}
]udk,f&csifwmwpfcktwGuf wefzdk;ay;&r,fqdkvsifvnf;
wefz;kd uawmh ay;&rSmyJ/ rEÅav;awmifBu;D rGr;f rHomG ;wJh &aohBu;D
OD;cEÅq
D w kd m cifAsm;wdYk Mum;zl;Muovm;vdYk ar;&w,f}
]olwYkd bmajymvJ}
]Mum;zl;ygw,faygY}
]bkef;BuD;wdkYu bmqufajymvJ}
]tJonf&aohBu;D [m rEÅav;awmifukd rGr;f rHcsiw f ,f/ 'g
ayrJY rEÅav;awmifudk Asm'dwfay;½kyfwktopf wnfaqmufaewJh
pHpcD ifav;u OD;cEÅu D kd rEÅav;awmifrmS 0ifrvmapcsib f ;l / 'g
aMumifh olwEYkd pS Of ;D w&m;jzpfMuw,f/ q,fw h pfEpS Mf umw,f od&
w,f/ OD;cEÅ[ D m rEÅav;awmifuav; rGr;f rHciG &hf zdYk onfavmufMum

952 ÓPuxm
atmif w&m;&ifqikd Ef ikd w f ,fqv kd sif usKyw f uYkd rEÅav;awmifu

av;avmuf rGrf;rHzdkY pdwful;ao;ao;uav; r[kwfygbl;/ avm
uudk rGr;f rHzyYkd g/ 'gaMumifY onfx h ufratmufatmif w&m;&ifqikd f
Edik &f rSmaygY-vdyYk }J
]bke;f Bu;D u t½SnBf u;D ajymvdu k w f myJ}
]em;vnfoGm;atmifvdkYyg}
]olwv Ykd nf; em;vnfwyYJ kH ½S&d UJ vm;}
]vnfrSmygyJ? qufvnf; ajymao;w,f}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]Ny;D awmh c&pf,mefbmomacgif;aqmif a,½Ic&pfukd cif
Asm;wdYk odMurSmygyJ vdyYk }J
]odw,fajymMurSmaygY}
][kww f ,f? onfa,½Ic&pf[m olU&JUaumif;uifbkH xm0&
0g'udk xGef;jyzdkY? olYowfrJY vuf0g;uyfwdkifudk udk,fwdkifxrf;NyD;
awmifay:wufcg um;pifwif towfcHoGm;w,f/ usKyfwdkYu
aumif;uifb0kH g'jyzdYk r[kwb f ;l / vlom;&JU trSejf yzdYk qdak wmh onfh
xufratmufwphJ w d "f mwf ½S&d rSmyJvyYkd }J
]bke;f Bu;D u tawmfBu;D ajymvdu k w f myJ}
][kwyf gw,f/ pdwx f ½J w dS t hJ wdik ;f ajymvdu k w
f myJ}
]wu,fyJ pdwx f rJ mS onftwdik ;f yJ jzpfaeovm; bk&m;}
]usKyt f ouf½iS af ewm onfw&m;"r®twGuyf J jzpfawmh
w,f/ onfw&m;"r®rvkyb f J usKyt f ouf½iS af ewmudk cGirYf jyKEikd f

ÓPuxm 953
ygbl;}
]cs;D usL;ygw,f bk&m;}
]cs;D usL;cH&wmawmh ½Suyf gw,f}
]udk,fusa&mufvdkY udk,fvkyfwmjzpfvdkY csD;usL;avmufw,f
rxifvyYkd gyJ}
]bke;f Bu;D vky&f wm a&vdu k if g;vdu
k f r[kwb f J a&qefav
qef jyif;xefwmcsn;f jzpfvyYkd g}
]tpjyKol[m onfvdkygyJ}
]tpjyKol[m tepfemcH&wwfygw,f}
][kwyf gw,f? onfvkd epfemEdik w f mjrifayrJY rvkyv f Ykd rjzpf
ygbl;}
]omoemYabmifaevmcJhwm MumvSNyD/ o'¨gvdkYjyKMuwJh
aumif;rIawGvnf; tjyKcHcJhvSNyD/ r[kwfbl;vm;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]w&m;uav; trSet f uef awGUNyq D ckd grS 'gajymvsif awm
xkwcf &H r,fqw kd modNy;D rajymawmhygbl;vkyv f Ykd awmfygYrvm;}
]'gvkyzf Ykd omoemhabmif 0efxrf;aewmyJ bk&m;}
][kww f ,f? 0efxrf;zdaYk eNy;D 0efa&mufvmwJt Y cgrS xGuaf jy;
w,fqv kd sif b,fvakd jymrvJ}
]ppfwyfqv kd siaf wmh wyfajy;jzpfrvm; bk&m;}

954 ÓPuxm
]wyfajy;qdk awmfao;w,f}
]bmjzpfrvJ bk&m;}
]a½SUwef;qkwcf gG rI jzpfrmS }
]tjypfBuD;wmyJ}
][kww f maygY/ jynfoal uR;arG;wmudk tMumBu;D pm;oH;k Ny;D
tvkyrf ½Sd aevmcJw h ,f/ tvky½f adS wmh aMumufp&mBu;D qdNk y;D a½SU
wef;uqkwfrSawmh tjypfBuD;awmhwmaygY}
]onfvdkvm; bk&m;}
]todÓPf½o dS ql w
kd m ud,
k w
hf m0efu, kd af usatmif vky&f
w,f}
]bke;f Bu;D wduYk kd em;rvnfp&mvdk atmufarYaewm}
]b,fvkd em;rvnfp&m jzpfwmvJ}
]at;at;aq;aq; aevd&Yk om;eJY w&m;awGp?JG tawGyv kd yk f
Ny;D tckv&kd ifqikd &f wmawGukd rysi;f rjyK bmaMumifh vkyaf e&ovJ
vdkYaygY}
]rodvYkd rvkyw f mu ta&;r[kwb f ;l / odvmawmh rvkyf
bJaevdu Yk r&awmhb;l }
]rvkyv f sif 0efvnf; rausb;l aygY bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]rEÅav;axmifcsNy;D rS olwaYkd jymMuwmtaMumif; ajymygOD;
bk&m;}
]onfwpfcgac:wmu rSwfyHkwif½Hk;u r[kwfawmhbl;}

ÓPuxm 955
]b,folu ac:wmvJ bk&m;}

]ykodrfBuD;aumifpD½Hk;u ac:wmyJ}
]olwu Ykd bke;f Bu;D wdu Yk kd bmajymMuvJ bk&m;}
]usKyw f u Ykd kd tckvkd "r®0[ d m&D0wfeYJ raeMuzdyYk gyJ}
]bke;f Bu;D wdu Yk bmjyefajymMuvJ}
]bmaMumifh onfvt kd 0wferYJ aeapcsiw f mvJ ar;&wmaygY}
]olwdkYu bmajymvJ bk&m;}
]onfyo k rd Bf u;D vrf;u vlBu;D awG oGm;vmaew,f/ olwYkd
u bke;f Bu;D wdu Yk jkd rifvsif raumif;vdyYk gqdw k mrsKd ; ajymMuw,f}
]bkef;BuD;wdkYu bmajymMuvJ}
]bmjzpfovJ/ olwjYkd rifvnf; bmraumif;p&m½So d vJ ajym
w,f}
]olwu Ykd bmajymao;vJ}
]udk,fusifhcsifwmudk bmt0wfeJYjzpfjzpf usifhvdkY&wmyJ/
onfv0kd wfrS jzpfvv Ykd m;aygY}
]bke;f Bu;D wdaYk jymwm vkyyf gOD;}
]usKyw f Ykd t0wf[m usKyw f t
Ykd usi&hf UJ tvHwcH eG yf J oabm
ajymw,f}
]olwu Ykd bmajymao;vJ}
]olwdkY[m EdkifiHawmf&JU wm0ef½SdolawGtjzpf ajymwmvdkY
cyfwif;wif; ajymygw,f}
]bkef;BuD;wdkYu b,fvdkjyefajymovJ}

956 ÓPuxm
]usKyw
f u Ykd Edik if x H aJ eoljzpfvYkd Edik if aH wmf&UJ vrf;ñTeu f kd cH,l
&rSmyg/ 'gaMumifh r0wfapcsiv f sif r0wf&bl;vdYk wm;jrpfwhJ pmwpf
aMumif;avmuf a&;Ny;D ay;yg/ cifAsm;wd[ Yk m NrKd Ue,fjzpfayrJY Edik if H
awmf&UJ tpdwt f ydik ;f tjzpf usKyw f v
Ykd u
kd ef mygr,fvYkd ajymvdu k wf ,f}
]onfvakd wmh b,fjzpfrvJvYkd olwu Ykd ajymygw,f}
]usKywf Ykd tjrwfwEd;k t&mudk pGeaYf pcsio f u
l pmuav;
wpfaMumif;a&;ay;zdYk 0efav;vdaYk wmh b,fjzpfrvJvYkd ajymcJw h ,f}
]b,folawGu ar;MuwmvJ}
]aumifpyD gwDeYJ vl0ifrXI meoH;k cku wm0ef½o dS al wGy}J
]ygwDaumifpDu Ouú|çtwGif;a&;rSL;awGvm;}
]r[kwfbl;? vlrIa&; omoema&; wm0efcHawGyJ}
]wu,fow l u
Ykd r0wf&vdYk trdepYf mxkwaf y;vsif bke;f Bu;D
wdu
Yk r0wfbJ aerSmvm;}
]b,faerSmvJ}
]bmvkyfrSmvJ}
]w&m;pGJrSmaygY}
]b,frSmpGJrSmvJ}
]Oya'ynm½Sief YJ wdik yf ifp&JG rSmaygY}
]b,fou Yl kd pGrJ mS vJ}
]onftrdefY xkwfay;oludkaygY}
]bmeJYpGJrSmvJ}

ÓPuxm 957
]tajccHOya'u ay;xm;wJh jynfolY&ydkifcGifh qHk;½HI;atmif

vkyaf qmifreI YJ pG&J rSmaygY}
]tajccHOya'u b,fvakd y;xm;vdv Yk }J
]jynfojl ynfom;awG[m vGwv f yfpmG ud;k uG,, f MkH unfciG hf
½Sw
d ,fvYkd ay;xm;wmaygY}
]'g[m bmomBu;D av;ckyJ ay;w,fqv kd siaf &m}
]onfvrkd [kwaf Mumif; acs&rSmaygY}
]ud;k uG,w f m wm;wmr[kwb f ;l / 0wfqifwm wm;w,fqkd
vsifa&m}
]0wfqifwm[m onfu;kd uG,, f MkH unfr&I UJ t*Fg&yf tcsuf
wpfcsuf jzpfvYkd twljzpfw,f ajym&rSmaygY}
]bke;f Bu;D u Oya'awG odaeNyv D m;}
]ud, k af y;xm;wJh tcGit hf a&; ud, k o
f zd aYkd wmh jzpf&rSmaygY}
]w&m;½H;k tqifq h ifuh t½H;I ay;vsif onft0wfcRw&f rSm
aygY bk&m;}
]rcRwfygbl;}
]b,fvdkvkyfrSmvJ}
]tvkyEf pS cf k wpfcv k yk &f rSmyJ}
]ESpcf u
k bmawGv}J
]axmifuscHwmeJY EdkifiH&yfjcm;xGufoGm;wmyJ}
]EdkifiH&yfjcm; b,fvdkoGm;rSmvJ}

958 ÓPuxm
]bmoma&; rvGwv
f yfrt
I wGuf cdv
k cIH iG aYf wmif;Ny;D oGm;&rSm
aygY}
]tJonfvkd cGiaYf wmif;vdYk &rvm;}
]&rSmyg}
]&zl;wm ½Sdovm;}
]½Sw
d ,fvYkd xifygw,f/ twdtus ravYvm&ao;bl;}
]r[kwfvsifa&m}
]axmiftuscH&rSmaygY}
]bk&m;-}

ÓPuxm 959
117/ rEÅav; ykord Bf u;D ykPmÖ ;uke;f ½Gm rd;k jymausmif;ü

OD;cspzf ,
G t
f m; ½SiÓ
f Pajymaom arG;aeYpum;
]onfaeY[m wynfah wmf&UJ arG;aeY jzpfygw,f bk&m;/ q&m

awmfukd arG;aeYtxdr;f trSwt f aeeJY cJz,
G af bmZOfeyYJ al Zmfwm jzpfyg
w,f/ wynfhawmf arG;aeYrSm wynfhawmf&JU aqGrsdK;awGeJYtwl
w&m;emyg&apbk&m;}
]aumif;vSygNy/D emMum;yg}
]em;axmifvsuyf g bk&m;}
]yXr onfyGJudk emrnfay;&atmif}
]aumif;ygw,f bk&m;}
]arG;aeYy-JG vdYk ac:wmudk jyifr,f}
]b,fvakd c:&rvJ bk&m;}
]OD;cspzf ,
G af eYvYkd ac:Mur,f}
]onfaeY[m OD;cspzf , G f pwnfjzpfvmwJah eY jzpfvYkd tydik ,f l
vdkufwmyJ}
]aumif;ygw,f bk&m;}
]onfvkd ud, k ahf eYukd ta&;Bu;D aeYwpfaeYtjzpfvnf; owf
rSwMf uygvdYk ajymcsiyf gw,f/ wpfEpS rf mS wpf&ufaygY}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}

960 ÓPuxm
]onf&uf[m ud, k b
hf 0tydik ;f qdik &f m owdxm;p&mawG o
wdxm;rIvyk w f ahJ eY jzpfatmifvnf; vky&f rSmaygY}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]tckvkd q&mawGeYJ rdwaf qGawGukd aumif;rIjyKwmawGvnf;
jyKEikd o
f avmuf jyKMu&rSmaygY}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]onfaeYaumif;rIuawmh OD;cspzf , G t f aeeJY ud, k ahf qGrsKd ;awG
udk ud, k o
f ad ewJh w&m;"r®eYJ rdwq f ufay;wJv h yk if ef;vnf; a½SUwef;
u yg0ifaevdrrYf ,f}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]OD;cspzf ,G af qGrsKd ;uvnf; OD;cspzf , G u f kd apwemydrk o kd Md ur,f
xifygw,f}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]"r®0[ d m&Dwu Ykd vnf; OD;cspzf , G af qGrsKd ;awGukd awGUodciG &hf Ny;D
w&m;"r® a[majymcGi&hf vdYk 0rf;omygw,f}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]tm;vH;k qE´jynf0h Muatmif w&m;udk tm½Hpk u kd ef mMu&
atmifvm;}
]wifyg bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 961
118/ arNrdKUNrdKUe,f? pDydkif;uGif; aiGawmif-awmifajc?

ausmufv;kH Bu;D pcef;ü OD;Z#dvtm; ½SiÓ f Pajymaom
OD;Z#dvAdrmefpum;
]OD;Z#dvudk ajym&OD;r,f}
]ajymyg bk&m;}
]tck jyKpak ewJu
h sr;f pmrSm OD;Z#dv&JU vkyt
f m;[m wpf0uf
ygw,f}
]wynfah wmfa&;wm bmwpfv;kH rS ygwmrSwv f Ykd bk&m;}
]wpfv;kH rS ra&;wmawmh[w k w
f ,f/ 'gayrJ-Y }
]wpfv;kH ra&;bJeYJ b,fvykd grSmvJ bk&m;}
]wynfah wmfu onfpma&;wmyJ jzpfw,f}
]bkef;BuD;a&;awmh bkef;BuD;vkyftm;csnf;yJaygY}
]r[kwfbl;}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]jyefpOf;pm;MunfhaygY}
]wynfhawmf onfpma&;csifvdkY wdwfqdwfwJhae&m wpfae
&m vdck siw f ,f/ tJ'g OD;Zif;Bu;D aiGawmif awmifajcoGm;/ ae&m
wpfc½k mS vdYk ajymwmyJ}
][kwfw,f}
]oGm;awmh OD;Zif;Bu;D yJ oGm;&wmr[kwv f m;}

962 ÓPuxm
][kwfygw,f}
]ae&mawGUNyD jyefvmajymawmh? taqmuftODomG ;aqmuf
OD;Zif;Bu;D -qdak wmhvnf; oGm;aqmuf&wmvnf; OD;Zif;Bu;D r[kwf
vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]Ny;D Ny}D -qdrk S wynfah wmfu wynfh 'umç'umrwcsKd UeJY wuf
vdkufvmwmyJ}
]a&&zd?Yk ab;&efuif;zd?Yk opfyif yef;refpu kd zf aYkd wGvnf; OD;Zif;
Bu;D yJ vky&f wmyJ}
]aemufq;kH pmtky½f mS oGm;&wmuyJ tacgufra&Edik &f rvdk
trsm;tjym; r[kwfvm;}
][kwfawmh [kwfygw,f}
]wynfhawmfu xdkifa&;½Hka&;aewmyJ? wynfhawmfvnf;
yef;ygw,f/ 'gayrJY wynfah wmf yifyef;wm[m OD;Zif;Bu;D yifyef;wm
xuf rydak vmufb;l }
]wynfah wmf yef;w,frxifygbl;? aysmaf ewmyg}
][kwrf mS yg? wynfah wmfvnf; yef;w,frxifygbl;? aysmyf g
w,f}
]tpm;qif;&J? taeqif;&Jwmvnf; wynfah wmf-&ygw,f}
]awmxJqdkawmh ½Sdvnf; odyfroHk;bJ acRwmMuvdkY qif;&J
wmyJ/ wynfah wmfvnf; cHEikd yf gw,f}
]vky&f wJv Y yk t f m; wGuvf sif renf;bl;aygY}

ÓPuxm 963
][kww f ,f/ vrf;awGazmuf&w,f/ pmtkyaf wG toGm;t

jyef o,f&w,f/ opfyifawG ausmif;0if;rSm½Si;f &w,f/ pm;oH;k yif
awG pdu k &f w,f/ ausmif; aqmuf&w,f/ a&oG,&f w,f/ toH;k
taqmifawG vky&f w,f/ 'gawG OD;Zif;Bu;D csn;f yJ wm0ef,&l wmyJ/
qGr;f cH&wmu aeYpOftrQ ygao;w,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfpmuvnf; tzd;k wefrmS yg}
],HMk unfygw,f bk&m;}
]vlawGtrsm;Bu;D eJrY S vkyvf &Ykd w,fxifwm/ rEÅav;axmif
xJrmS rSwcf sut f & onfrmS vmNy;D vkyw f m Ny;D orQvyYkd /J tck rarQmf
vifhbJ trsm;BuD;NyD;aeNyD}
]0rf;omygw,f bk&m;}
]edum,fwpfckESpfckavmuf vkyf&r,frSef;NyD; tckonfrSm
edum,fwpfcx k u J wpfusr;f yJ ygvmwm}
]tJonfusr;f udk bke;f Bu;D u &ufyikd ;f eJY Ny;D wmyJ}
][kww f ,f/ rarQmv f ifb
h J jzpfvmwmu OD;Zif;Bu;D pmtkyf
to,ftydkYvkyf&wJY jyóemyJ}
]wynfah wmfukd tm;remygeJ?Y jzpfygw,f}
]odygw,f}
]wynfhawmf 0rf;omygw,f}
]wynfhawmfvnf; 0rf;omwmyJ? OD;Zif;BuD;vnf; wynfh
awmfet YJ wl 0rf;omEdik af tmif ajymwmyg}

964 ÓPuxm
]bkef;BuD;0rf;omwm[m wynfhawmf0rf;omwmygyJ}
][kww f ,f/onfrmS ig;vausmt f wGi;f edum,fo;kH ckavmuf
wGiof mG ;Ny/D tJ'g wpfoufpmavmufvyk zf Ykd rSe;f xm;wm}
]'gNyD;vsif bkef;BuD;atmufjyefqif;rSmvm;}
]rqif;bl;? rMunfNrKd if (oDv½Si)f u ausmif;aqmufay;r,f
ajymw,f/ onfrmS ae&wm odyaf ysmw f ,f}
]0rf;omvdu k w
f m bk&m;}
]onfausmif;udk OD;Z#dvAdrmefausmif;vdYk emrnfrw S rf ,f
aemf}
]aumif;w,fbk&m;? aumif;w,f}

ÓPuxm 965
119/ arNrdKUNrdKUe,f pD;ydkif;uGif; aiGawmif-awmifajc

ausmufv;kH Bu;D pcef;ü OD;oef;armifEiS hf ajr;-atmifausmaf usmf
tm; ½SiÓ f Pajymaom ud, k yf ikd t
f rSepf um;
]atmifausmaf usm-f wdYk jyefMuawmhr,f? onfavmuf yifyif

yef;yef;Bu;D vm&wm rjyefcif bke;f Bu;D qDu tqH;k trwpfck ,lc}YJ
][kwu f yYJ g tazBu;D }
]bkef;BuD;bk&m; atmifausmfausmfudk Mo0g'wpfckay;yg
bk&m;}
]atmifausmfausmfu bmawGvdkaevdkYvJ 'umBuD;}
]olu trSeBf uKd uw f ,f bk&m;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]olaY usmif;uq&mrudak wmif tcsed af emufusvYkd ajymw,f}
]tif;-}
]q&mr id, k &l w,f od&w,f? olu Y ckd spw
f hJ q&mrrdYk awmf
awmYwmaygY}
][kwfvm;}
]onfawmh olrY b d eJv
Y nf; olreS w
f ,fxifvsif tqifrajy
csifbl;? onfawmh cGuswmaygY bk&m;}
]at;-atmifausmaf usmf tazBu;D ajymwm Mum;w,faemf}
]Mum;ygw,f bk&m;}
]onfvq kd v kd sif rif;udk igar;&r,f}

966 ÓPuxm
]ar;yg bk&m;}
]rif;u acG;uav;wpfaumif auR;arG;xm;r,fqv kd sif tJ
onfacG;uav;[m rif;acG;uav;aygYaemf [kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJonfacG;uav;udk rif;u oifxm;rSmyJ? ac:vsif vm
atmif? armif;vsif oGm;atmifaygY? r[kwb f ;l vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]Mumawmh tJonfacG;uav;[m rif;pum; em;vnfaerSm
aygY}
]em;vnfrSmyg}
]olu rif;pum;vnf; em;axmifvu kd ef mrSmyJaemf}
]vkdufemrSmyg}
]'gayrJY wpfcgwpfcg rvdu k ef mwmvnf;½Srd ,f? [kwv f m;}
]½Srd mS yg}
]rif;acG;u rif;pum;rvdu k ef mbl;qdv
k sif rif;bmvkyrf vJ}
]'Pfcwf&rSmaygY}
]b,fvkd 'PfcwfrvJ}
]½du
k cf si½f u
kd rf ,f? aigufcsiaf igufr,f vkyrf mS yg}
]at;è rif;u auR;arG;xm;wJholqdkawmh onfvdk vkyfEdkif
w,faemf}
][kwfygw,f}
]aemufwpfck ar;&OD;r,f}

ÓPuxm 967
]ar;yg bk&m;}
]atmifausmaf usmf tckè pD;yGm;a&;awG bmawG vkyaf eNyD
vm;}
]rvkyfao;ygbl;}
]onfvdkqdkawmh pm;0wfaea&;awGrSm b,fvdkvkyfovJ}
]rdbauR;arG;wmeJY aeygw,f}
]onfvq kd akd wmh atmifausmaf usm[ f m ud, k [ Yf mud, k f ae
wmvm;}
]rdbarG;jrLwmeJY aewmyg}
]tJ'gqdv k sif atmifausmaf usmu f pOf;pm;&rSmaygh}
]igarG;xm;wJah cG;[m igYpum;em;raxmifvsif ig'Pfcwf
wm cH&r,f/ tck igvnf; olrsm;auR;arG;xm;wmqdak wmh olwYkd
pum; em;raxmifvsif 'Pfcwfwm cH&rSmyJvyYkd }J
]olwu Ykd rSerf S rrSeb f J bk&m;}
]atmifausmfausmfrSmu udk,fhudk,fudk ydkifNyDvm;}
]rydik af o;ygbl; bk&m;}
]rydik af o;vsif ud, k uhf ,kd yf ikd -f trSeu
f kd ajymydik cf iG ½hf ydS gYrvm;}
]rSewf myJ ajym&rSmaygY}
]onfvdkqdkvsif atmifausmfausmf arG;xm;wJh acG;uav;
[m olreS w
f ,fxifwm vkyv f sif cGijhf yKrvm;}
]cGifhrjyKygbl;}

968 ÓPuxm
]trSeaf jymcsivf sif ud, k u

Yf ,
kd uf ykd ikd zf Ykd rvdbk ;l vm;}
]vdkygw,f}
]onfawmh atmifausmaf usm[ f m ud, k u
hf ,kd u
f kd rydik af o;
olqdkawmY rdb[m xHk;cJBuD;[mrJw,fajymvsif atmifausmfausmf
u jzLoifçh rjzLoifh b,fvv kd }J
]rjzLoifhygbl;}
]rD;aoG;cJ[m jzLw,fqdkvsifvnf; atmifausmfausmfu
rJoifçY rrJoifh rpOf;pm;oifb Y ;l vm;}
]pOf;pm;oifyY gw,f bk&m;}
]xH;k cJuawmY jzLrSmyJ r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]rD;aoG;cJvnf; rJrSmyJr[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]atmifausmaf usmu f ajymydik cf iG ½hf o dS vm;}
]r½Sdygbl;}
]ajymcsivf sif bmvky&f rvJ}
]vGwfvyfatmif ae&rSmaygY bk&m;}
]raeEkdifvsif bmvkyf&rvJ}
]rajymbJae&rSmyg bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 969
120/ &efuek Nf rKd U? Munfjh rifwikd ?f csi;f acsmif;NcH trrsm;tdrüf

OD;atmifped ?f a':wifwifviId w f t
Ykd m; ½SiÓ
f Pajymaom
bk&mYw&m; opfarT;pum;
]bke;f Bu;D tckvydik ;f aiGawmifu vmcJw Y mvm;}

][kwfw,f}
]onfujyefvsif tJonf<urSmvm;}
]roGm;awmYygbl;}
]ta½SU½d;k rtajcvdYk ajymMuygpd?Yk rd;k aygufusacsmifqw kd YJ t&yf
rSmaezdYk vsmxm;cJw Y ,f}
]oGm;vdv Yk mvdYk vGwv f yfwahJ e&muav;jzpfwm aumif;yg
w,f bk&m;}
]rEÅav;u vluav;awGuvnf; 'gyJajymNy;D ylqmMu
w,f}
]wynfah wGu bke;f Bu;D wpfcck jk zpfrmS udk tawmfp;kd MurSmyJ}
]armifarmifaxG;qdw k YJ wynfw h pfa,mufqv kd sif cyfMurf;
Murf;ajymw,f}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]jzwfav;jzwf vkyfr,fvdkYyJ}
]bke;f Bu;D bmajymvJ}
]onfrmS raevsif b,frmS ae&rvJvYkd ar;awmh olNY cH wpf
0ufrmS aeyg ajymw,f}

970 ÓPuxm
]bke;f Bu;D xyfNy;D bmajymvJ}

]onfawmifciG x f u J vG,&f mrSm xm;ay;MuzdYk ajymvdu k f
w,f/ tJonfrmS olwYkd taqmuftOD; aqmufaeMuav&JU}
]bkef;BuD;u b,fvdkpdwfeJY tJonfawmBuD;xJ <uvdkufwm
vJ}
]vH;k 0 um,0da0u-&wJh ae&mwpfcu k kd odyv f ckd siaf evdyYk }J
]bmvkyfzdkYvJ bk&m;}
]odyfta&;BuD;tvkyfwpfck vkyfzdkYyJ}
]bmta&;vJ bk&m;}
]opfarT;½SmzdkYaygY}
]bke;f Bu;D opfarT;bmvkyrf mS vJ}
]'umBu;D ç'umrBu;D wdYk odwhJ opfarT; r[kwyf gbl;}
]bmopfarT;vJ}
]yd#u d wfawmxJrmS rS½wdS hJ bk&mYw&m;tppftrSef opfarT;yg}
]tJ'gu b,favmufMumMum ½Sm&rSmvJ}
]tukefr&rcsif;yJ}
]b,frmS ½Sm&wmvJ bk&m;}
]bk&m;a[mxm;wJh "r®tpkawmtkyf ig;ck½w dS ,f/ tJonf
awmtkyfig;ckxJrSmyJ}
]opfarT;½Smw,fqdkwm tawmfcufw,fqdkyJ}
][kwfw,f}
]bkef;BuD;opfarT;ua&m ½SmvdkYvG,f&JUvm;}

ÓPuxm 971
]½SmvdkYcufwmcsif; wlavmufygw,f}
]tzd;k wefwmcsi;f a&m bk&m;}
]onfuopfarT;u tzdk;rjzwfEdkifwmyJ}
]opfarT;qdwk m awmxJrmS enf;enf;½Sw d mqdyk J bk&m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]bkef;BuD;opfarT;ua&m}
]odyfrrsm;ygbl;}
]b,favmufyrmP½Srd vJ bk&m;}
]ua&mif;q,faY jcmufcsKd ;eJY rsuEf mS wpfaxmifavmuf ½Srd mS
yg}
]tJ'g uke&f UJ vm; bk&m;}
]ukefygw,f}
]ta&twGuf b,favmuf½SdrvJ}
]ig;axmif0ef;usifavmufyg}
]tJ'g bk&m;a[mcJw Y w
YJ &m; tukeyf v
J m; bk&m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]bk&mYw&m;u pmtkyaf &b,favmuf ½Sw d mvJ bk&m;}
]ESpfq,favmufyg}
]pmtkyfawGtrsm;BuD;½Sdwmvm; atmufarYaewmbk&m;}
]w&m;r[kww f hJ wjcm;[mawGeYJ a&maevdyYk g}
]a&maevsif pmtkyaf &trsm;Bu;D vm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}

972 ÓPuxm
]b,favmuf½SdrvJ}
]av;q,f0ef;usifavmufyg}
]bmawG a&maewmvJ bk&m;}
]0de,awGeJY tbd"r®awGyJ}
]0de,u w&m;r[kwb f ;l vm; bk&m;}
]0de,u bkef;BuD;tzGJUtpnf; pnf;urf;awGyJ}
]tbd"r®mua&m bk&m;}
]tbd"r®mqdw k mu bk&m;a[mxm;csux f uf tydt
k vGef
jzpfwhJ w&m;"r®awGy}J
]tJ'gawGu w&m;pm&if;xJ r0ifb;l vm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]w&m;r[kwfvdkYvm; bk&m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]bk&m;a[mw&m;xJ r0ifwmyg}
]bk&m;a[mw&m;awG tukeyf govm; bk&m;}
]ygçygw,f}
]okweå w
f ikd ;f yJ ygovm; bk&m;}
]rygçygbl;}
]okwåefwdkif; bk&m;a[m r[kwfvdkYygyJ}
]tJ'g b,fvdkvkyfNyD; odvJ bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 973
]enf;enf;ajymr,f}
]ajymyg bk&m;}
]bk&m; y&deAd mÁ efpNH y;D "mwfawmfa0? apwDwnfr,f}
]tJonftaMumif; bk&m;u a[mEdik yf gYrvm;}
]bk&m;}
]bk&m;udrk ;D ½IUd t½d;k awGa0Ny;D &wm apwDwnfwt hJ aMumif;
udk bk&m;u a[mEdik yf gYrvm;}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]tJ'grsKd ; okweå w f &m;awG bk&m;a[mokweå w f &m;awGxrJ mS
awGUae&w,f}
]rsm;ovm; bk&m;}
]odyaf wmh rrsm;vSb;l }
]wpfcak vmuf ajymygOD; bk&m;}
]½SiAf mukvqdw k hJ bke;f Bu;D wpfyg; bk&m;vufxufu ½Scd zhJ ;l
w,f}
]odygw,f bk&m;}
][kwfw,fèolu enf;enf;ausmfMum;w,f}
]temrJYol ½SifAmulqdkNyD;yJ}
][kwfw,fèolyJ}
]olbmjzpfovJ bk&m;}

974 ÓPuxm
]olu vGeaf wmfrcl geD;rSm olaewJh ausmif;wdu k &f [ef;awG

tm;vH;k udk olaY usmif;vmzdYk olu, kd w f ikd zf w
d Nf y;D tJonfbek ;f Bu;D awG
&JU tv,frmS xdik &f if;eJY vGeaf wmfrw l ,fvYkd ]{0Harokw-H acgif;pOf}-
eJY azmfjycHxm;&w,f}
]tJ'g bmjyKvJ bk&m;}
]rSm;aewmaygY}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]tJonfrmS olt Y oufeYJ odum© az:jyxm;w,f}
]b,favmufwv hJ J bk&m;}
]touf wpf&mhajcmufq,f? odu©m½Spfq,fvdkYyJ}
]'gtrSefjzpfvdkY aerSmaygY bk&m;}
][kwfrSmyg}
]'gqdvk sif tJonfow k eå w f &m;u bmrSm;aewmvJ bk&m;}
]okweå &f UJ acgif;pOfu ]{0Harokw}H -jzpfw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]{0Harokw}H -[m yXroH*g,em wHqyd yf }J
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]{0Harokw}H -[m oH*g,emyGrJ mS ½Sit f meE´meJY &[ef;awGu
½Sirf [muóy trSL;½Sw d hJ oHCmqDrmS avQmufxm;ajymMum;wJh
acgif;pOfy}J
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 975
]olaovGeyf t JG aMumif;u tJonf oH*g,emrSm vmygae

w,f r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJonfyGJumvu oluaoNyDrdkYvm;}
]aocsif aovdaYk erSmaygY bk&m;}
]'gudk Munf&h rSmaygY}
]b,fvMkd unfrh mS vJ bk&m;? tJonfacwfvnf; rDwmrSwf
vdkYyJ}
]taxmuftxm; ½Sm&wmaygY}
]b,fvdkawGUvJ bk&m;}
]ol[m &[ef;odum© ½Spq f ,f&w,fqwkd m taxmuft
xm;yJ}
]yXroH*g,emu b,ftcsed rf mS wifwmvJ}
]bk&m;vGeaf wmfrNl y;D oH;k vtMumaygY bk&m;}
]bk&m;u bk&m;tjzpf 0g b,favmuf&oGm;vJ}
]av;q,fheJYig;0g}
]½SifAmukvu bk&m;wynfhoHCm [kwfw,fr[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvq kd vkd sif ½SiAf mukv[m bk&m;vGewf t
hJ csed rf mS 0gt
rsm;qH;k b,favmufyJ &Edik Of ;D rvJ}
]yXr0grSm &[ef;jzpfvsiaf wmif av;q,fih g;0gyJ &Edik Of ;D rSm
aygY}

976 ÓPuxm
]'gu yXr0grSm &[ef;jzpfryS /J yXr0grSm &[ef;ajcmufq,f

jzpfwmxJrmS olrygbl; r[kwv f m; bk&m;}
]rygbl;}
]onfvq kd kd bk&m;vGeNf y;D oH*g,emwifawmh olo Y u d m© [m
ol-wu,f&oGm;wm&JU w0ufwysuyf J jzpfO;D rSmaygY bk&m;}
]'gaMumifah ygY? oly&deAd mÁ efpcH ef;[m ]{0Harokw}H -acgif;pnf;
atmufrmS b,fvrkd S r½SEd ikd &f rnf[ h myJqw kd m aocsmw,f}
]tJ'gawGuvnf; bk&m;a[mokweå "f r®awGxJ ygaeovm;}
][kwfw,f}
]wjcm;½Sad o;vsif enf;enf;ajymygOD; bk&m;}
]vltawmfrsm;rsm;&JU yg;pyfzsm;rSm½Sw d hJ *gxmwpfy'k ½f w dS ,f}
]bmvJ bk&m;}
]earmaw-*gxmqdkwmyJ}
]tJ'g bmjzpfvJ bk&m;}
]tJonf *gxmokweå w f &m;vnf; ESpcf ak wmifawGUw,f}
]tJonf okweå w f &m;awG bmjzpfvv Ykd J bk&m;}
]tJ'gvnf; bk&m;a[mw&m; r[kwaf vmufwYJ w&m;yJ}
]tJonf*gxmu okweå rf mS vewfom;u ½Gww f *YJ gxmyJ}
]t"dygÜ ,fu b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]vGwv f yfwjhJ rwfpmG bk&m; tMuyftwnf;uswo YJ ul ½Scd ;kd
qnf;uyfygw,f-vdkYyJ}

ÓPuxm 977
]vewfu olrY mS b,fvkd tMuyftwnf;usaevdv Yk J bk&m;}

]&m[kvaYkd c:wJh tol&ed ef wf&UJ tzrf;cHae&w,fqykd }J
]olu bk&m;xH u,fawmfryl gvdYk atmfwmaygY}
][kwfw,f}
]b,fvdkjzpfwmeJY pyfvdkYvJ}
]vMuwfwmeJY pyfvyYkd }J
]vMuwfwmudk vudk &m[kzrf;w,fvYkd ajymMuw,f r[kwf
vm;}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]vu bk&m;udk onfvakd vQmufawmh bk&m;u &m[kvw T f
vdu
kd v
f Ykd ajymw,f}
]tJonfawmh vTwaf &mvm; bk&m;}
]vTwNf y;D tol&mjynfjyefajy;w,f/ tol&mbk&if a0ypdwå
u &m[k ysm,mysm,meJY bmjzpfovJar;vdYk jyefawmifajymw,f}
]b,fvjkd yefajymvJ bk&m;}
]vudk oGm;zrf;wm vu bk&m;avQmufvYkd bk&m;aiguf
wmaMumifh vTwaf jy;vmcJ&h w,fvYkd ajymw,f}
]tJ'g wu,ft h jzpftysuvf m; bk&m;}
]b,fuvmAsm}
]r[kwfwJhtaMumif; taotcsmjyEdkifvdkYvm;}
]jyEdkifwmaygY}
]b,fvjkd yrvJ bk&m;}

978 ÓPuxm
]vMuwfwm[m &m[kikHzrf;wmr[kwfwJh taMumif;[m

txift½Sm;yJ}
]b,fvkd xif½mS ;wmvJ bk&m;}
]vçurÇmçae- onfo;kH ck 0ef½;kd wef;jzpfwt hJ csed yf J vMuwf
w,f/ wjcm; tcsed rf mS vrMuwfb;l r[kwv f m;}
]wifygY}
]&m[k ikzH rf;wmqdv k sif olzrf;csicf sed rf mS zrf;ygvm;}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]aemufNy;D awmhvnf; vMuwfcw hJ mawGukd b,ftcsed çf b,f
&ufçb,fvç b,fEpS af wGu b,fae&mawG vMuwfcw hJ ,fvYkd jyef
wGufMunfhvdkY &w,f}
]wifygY bk&m;}
]ewfzrf;wmqdkvsif zrf;cJhwJhtcsdef &ufçvçESpfawG b,fvdk
vkyf wGuv f &Ykd rvJ/ olzrf;csiw f thJ csed f zrf;rSmaygY}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]Ny;D cJch sed o
f m rubl;/ aemiftcsed af wGrmS vnf; b,ftcsed ?f
b,f&uf? b,fv? b,fESpfrSm? b,fae&mrSm vMuwfOD;r,fvdkY
vnf; wGufvdkY&w,f}
]wifyg}
]ewfzrf;wmqdv k sif olzrf;csirf S zrf;rSmaygY/ olpY w d u f kd b,f
vdkvkyf wGufvdkY&rvJ}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 979
]a½SUjzpfjzpf? aemufjzpfjzpf wpfcgrubl;/ odcsio f avmuf

wGufvdkY&wm}
]wifyg}
]onfawmh 'g[m oleY , d mrtwdik ;f oljzpfwm-qdw k mray:
vGifbl;vm;}
]ay:vGiyf gw,f bk&m;}
]'gudk ewfawGvyk x f m;vdu k w
f ,f/ Ny;D awmh tJonfewfawG
&JU Zmwfvrf;xJrmS bk&m;udv k nf; xnfo h iG ;f vIy½f mS ;cdik ;f xm;Mu
w,f}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]onfow k eå w
f &m; bk&m;a[mw,fqv kd sif usKyw f b Ykd &k m;
onfrmS wifyJ pif;pif;aoawmhwmyJ}
]bke;f Bu;D u bk&m;aorSmpd;k vdYk r[kwb f ;l -vkywf mvm;}
]r[kwfygbl;}
]bmjzpfvYkd ]onfow k eå w
f &m; bk&m;ra[mygbl;}-tm;xkwf
Ny;D jiif;qefaewmvJ}
]ar;p&mBuD;udk jzpfoGm;wmyJvm;}
]ar;&rSmaygY bk&m;}
]ar;yg}
]tJ'g bke;f Bu;D ajzygOD;}
]aeu ewfr[kww f m? vu ewfr[kww f meJY &m[kuvnf;
ewfr[kww f mawGukd onfaeY uav;utp odoavmufjzpfae

980 ÓPuxm
MuNyD r[kwv f m;}

]vay: vlqif;aeNyDrdkYvm;}
]tJ'g wpfaMumif;aygY}
]wjcm;bmawG ½Sdao;vJ}
]aeçvç&m[kawGepYJ yfwhJ vlawG&UJ todawGu odyu f s,af jym
ukefaeMuNyDyJ}
]b,fvakd wG odvv Ykd J bk&m;}
]vu urÇmudk ywfaewm olt Y csi;f b,favmufy½J w
dS m?
wpfywfrmS b,f&ufavmufMumwm? urÇmu b,favmufa0;wm
tppawGudk vlawGu twdtusodaeMuNyDyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]aevnf; onfvykd }J
][kwfygw,f}
]urÇmvnf; onfvykd }J
][kwfygw,f}
]aeeJv Y tMum; urÇmu a&mufaeawmh urÇmu aea&mif
uG,v f u
kd wf maMumifh v[m arSmifomG ;w,f/ 'gudk vMuwfw,f-
ac:w,f r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]aeMuwfwmvnf; onfvykd }J
]vkyyf gOD; bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 981
]aeeJY urÇmtMum; vujcm;aeawmh ae&JUta&mif v-

uuG,af evdYk urÇmu aea&mifrjrif&wm aeMuwfwmyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gudk vlawGodaeMuNyDyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfawmhAsm}
]ajymyg bk&m;}
]bk&m;vufxufu bk&m;qDukd vewfom;u u,fawmf
rlygvdYk t"dygÜ ,f½wdS hJ earmaw*gxmudk b,fvv kd yk Nf y;D ½Gwyf gYrvJ}
]onfv½kd w G Ef ikd w
f hJ taetxm; vrSm½So d vm;}
]r½Sdygbl;}
]tckacwfrS r½Sw d mvm;}
]a½S;uvnf; r½SEd ikd yf gbl;}
]v[m urÇmt&HN*dK[fwpfckyJ[m/ olu b,fvdkvkyfNyD;
pum;ajymrvJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvrkd ajymbJ bk&m;uvnf; &m[krif;vTwv f u
kd f qdw
k m
rsdK; u,fwifwJhtrdefYrsdK;vnf; b,fvdkvkyfay;rSmvJ}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]'gawGaMumifh onfow k eå w
f &m;[m bk&m;ra[mwm t
aotcsmqdkwm odom&w,f}

982 ÓPuxm
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]aeeJpY yfNy;D vnf; onfow k v f ykd J ½Sw
d ,f}
]aeuvnf; earmaw-qdkwmyJvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]aeMuwfwmvnf; &m[ktol&ed f zrf;wmyJwv hJ m;}
][kwfw,f}
]bk&m;u u,fwmyJvm;}
]u,fw,fwJh}
]&m[kuvnf; vTwfajy;&wmyJwJhvm;}
]vTwfajy;&wmyJwJh? tvsifwkef;uvdkyJ tm;vHk;wlw,f}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]onfow k eå w f &m;awG wu,f bk&m;a[mr[kww f m t
aotcsmawGyJ}
]'gawG b,fvdkvkyfNyD; bk&m;a[m okwåefw&m;awGxJ
a&mufaewmvJ bk&m;}
]tJ'g awG;p&mBu;D awGy}J
]onfow k eå wf &m;awGaMumifh pdw½f yI pf &maumif;vku d w
f m
bk&m;}
]onfvv kd J r½Iyvf ukd yf geJ}Y
]b,fvv dk J bk&m;}
]aus;Zl;awmif wifvdkufprf;yg}
]b,fvkd aus;Zl;wif&rSmvJ bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 983
]aus;Zl;wifp&myg}
]vkyyf gOD; bk&m;}
]onfvdktwdtus trsm;jyvdkY&wJh okwåefw&m;½Sdawmh
bk&m;w&m;qd½k eHk YJ yHNk y;D ,Hv
k Ykd rjzpfb;l / bk&m;a[mw&m;qdw k hJ okweå f
w&m;awGxrJ mS r[kwu f [kwu f awG vkyx f nfx
h m;cH&wmawG ½Sd
w,fvYkd oufao&wmaygY}
]bke;f Bu;D uawmh aus;Zl;udk ½Smwifwwfw,f}
]vkyNf y;D wifwm r[kwyf gbl;/ wu,fwifxu kd v
f Ykd wifwm
yg}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]e*g;okwåefw&m;awGuvnf; trsm;tjym; ½Sdao;w,f}
]tJ'gawGu wu,frsm;[kwv f vYkd m; bk&m;}
]b,fuvmAsm}
][kwfygYrvm;}
][kwfygw,f}
][kwfwJYtaMumif;uav; vkyfygOD;bk&m;}
]bk&m;vufxufqw kd m ESpyf &dapä'b,favmufyJ Mumao;
vdkYvJ}
]ESpfaxmifYig;&mausmfav;aygY}
]ESpfawG aomif;csD&JU txufu taumifyavmifawG&JU
½ky<f uif;awG urÇmyh nm½Siaf wG ajymEdik af eMuwmyJ}
]bmawGvJ bk&m;}

984 ÓPuxm
]txif½mS ;qH;k 'dik Ef akd qmaygY}

][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]e*g;ç*VKeaf wG[m tckacwfpmxJu jywJt h wdik ;f odaeMu
ovdyk J ½Sad ew,fqv kd sif olw½Ykd yk <f uif;awG 'keaYJ '; awGUMu&rSmaygY}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]b,frmS b,fou l e*g;ç*VKeaf wGepYJ yfNy;D trSm;awG ajym
aeMuwm txift½Sm;yJ}
]tJ'gawGepYJ yfwhJ okweå w f &m;wGvnf; ½So d vm;}
]½Sw
d ,f? trsm;tjym;yJ}
]tJ'gawG b,fvv kd yk rf vJ}
]bk&m;a[mokweå w f &m; &mxl;u csypf&wmaygY}
]onfawmh bk&m;a[mokweå w f &m;awG enf;ukeaf wmhrmS yJ}
]t&nftcsi;f r½Sb d J ta&twGuaf wG rsm;aevdv Yk nf; tv
um;yJ r[kwv f m;}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]'gawGu bk&m;a[m okweå w f &m;awGxrJ mS bk&m;a[m
okweå w f &m; r[kwb f J bk&m;a[mokweå w f &m; ta,mifaqmif
okwåefw&m;awGtaMumif; ajymwm}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]wpfow k vf ;kH r[kwb f J bk&m;a[m okweå w f &m;xJrmS tp
ydik ;f rSmjzpfjzpf? tqH;k ydik ;f rSmjzpfjzpf? tv,fyikd ;f rSmjzpfjzpf 'grSr[kwf
ESpyf ikd ;f pyfavmufrmS jzpfjzpf bk&m;a[m w&m;r[kwb f J bk&m;a[m

ÓPuxm 985
w&m;vkyNf y;D 0ifa&mufaewmawG ½Sw d ,f}

]pdw½f yI pf &mBu;D ygvm; bk&m;}
]'gxufqdk;wmawGawmif ½Sdao;w,f}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]wpfyikd ;f vH;k r[kwbf J wpfv;kH csi;f 0ifaewmawG? pum;vH;k
teuf t"dygÜ ,f ajymif;aewmawGy}J
]onfvdkqdkawmh bkef;BuD;ajymwJh opfarT;½Sm&wmvdk ae
awmhrSmyJ}
][kwfw,f}
]opfarT;½SmwJt h cg awmxJrmS awGUwmawGxu J 'gèopfarT;
vm;? r[kwfbl;vm; cGJjcm;wJhtcgrSm tcsuftvufawG ½SdrSmyJ/
tJonfvykd J bke;f Bu;D u w&m;awGukd ]'gèbk&m;a[mvm;? r[kwf
bl;vm;}-qdwk mudk b,ftcsuaf wGeYJ cGo J vJ bk&m;}
]tJ'g ajym&wmawmh cyfcufcufy}J
]jzpfatmif ajymygOD; bk&m;}
]a,bk,savmufyJ ajym&atmif}
]ajymyg bk&m;}
]bk&m;a[mw&m;awGrmS w&m;t&nftcsi;f awG ½Syd gw,f}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]tJonft&nftcsif;awGeJY rrDwmawG[m bk&m;çw&m;
r[kwfwmawGyJaygY}
]vG,v f aS csvm; bk&m;}

986 ÓPuxm
]vG,fvG,fajymwmyJ}
]wjcm;½Sad o;vm; bk&m;}
]bk&m;&JU0g'udk az:jyEdik w f hJ wjcm;tcsutf vufawGvnf;
½Sdygw,f}
]bmawGvJ bk&m;}
]bk&m;rajymwJh pum;q,fceG ;f wdeYk YJ bk&m;ajymwJh pum;
av;cGef;yJ}
]bk&m;a[mw&m;awmf&UJ t&nftcsi;f awGqw kd mu bm
awGvJ bk&m;}
]oGum© awm b*0wm"ar®m? oEd́|ad um? tumvdaum?
{[dyódaum? Moyae,sdaum ypöwåHa0'dwaAÁm 0dnl[d-yJaygY}
]'gu wynfah wmfwYkd bk&m;½Scd ;kd yJ}
][kwyf gw,f? bk&m;½Scd ;kd pmxJ xnfx h m;cH&w,fqwkd m t
a&;BuD;wJhpmrdkYaygY}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]Ak'b
¨ mom0ifwpfa,muftaeeJY Ak'b ¨ momvnf;od&rSm
r[kwv f m;/ onfawmh bk&m;çw&m;çoHCm od&wmaygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gèodzt Ykd wGuf 'gawG&UJ *kP&f nfawG oifMum;xm;wmaygY}
]bk&m;çw&m;çoHCmqdw k mudk bk&m;çw&m;çoHCm&JU *kPf
&nfawGeJY oday;&rSmaygY}
]tJ'geJrY od bmeJo Y rd mS vJ}

ÓPuxm 987
]tjrifçtMum;çtawGUeJYaygY}
]jrif&çMum;&çawGU&wJh bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCmawGukd twk
tppf bmeJcY rJG mS vJ}
]tJ'g cGJ&aumif;apvnf; rodrdbl;}
]twktppf r½SdEdkifbl;vm;}
]tpOftquf aqmifvmcJhMuwmyJ? tcsdefae&meJY tajc
taeawGvnf; jyefMunfOh ;D aygY}
][kwfwmyJ}
]okweå "f r®awGu zwfvrYkd &wJt h qift
h xd a&mufaeMuNy}D
]bmjzpfvv Ykd J bk&m;? zwfaeMuwmygyJ}
]zwf&w,fqw kd m toHjrnf½Hk zwf&wm ajymvdjYk zpfrvm;}
]b,fvzkd wf&rSmvJ bk&m;}
]tJonfxu J qdv k ckd suu
f kd &atmifzwfNy;D tJonfxuJ
ay;wJh ]0drw k &då o}-udk t&,lEikd rf S zwfwwfw,fajym&rSmaygY}
]'gqdk b,forl S zwfwwfrmS r[kwb f ;l }
]'gaMumifh onfbmoma&;u] ZmwfcHkay:ubmoma&;}
jzpfaewm}
]bmjzpfvYkd onfvjkd zpf&wmvJ bk&m;}
]'gawGajymvsif ½Snfw,f? pmawGu zwfvdkYr&awmhvdkY-
vdkYyJ ajymr,f}
]bmaMumifh zwfr&wmvJ}
]'óeawG xyfaevdyYk J ajym&r,f}

988 ÓPuxm
]bke;f Bu;D u 'gawGcNJG y;D Nyv

D m;}
][kww f ,f/ bk&m;pum;awGukd jrefrmpmzwfwwfow l ikd ;f
acsmacsmarmarm Mum;Edik af wmYr,f}
]½Iyf½SufcwfaewmawG r½Sdawmhbl;vm;}
][kww f ,f/ wpfcak wmh½&dS UJ }
]bmvJ bk&m;}
]usKy&f wJh opfarT;awGukd a&mif;yef;vSatmif jyifzyYkd }J
]opfarT;ppfvsif 'gawmhjzpfomG ;rSmyg}
]ppfrmS awmh pdwcf s}

ÓPuxm 989
121/ rEÅav;? ykodrfBuD;? a&Munfrdk;aygufusacsmif?

rd;k jymausmif;ü OD;bpderf w
d af qG w½kyt f rsKd ;orD;Bu;D wpfO;D tm;
½SiÓ
f Pajymaom ud, k u
Yf ,
kd &f atmif,l pum;
]onftrsKd ;orD;u wynfah wmftrd ef m;uyg/ 'guav;awG

u olo Y m;orD;eJY ajr;awGyg}
][kwfuJhAsm}
]olwq Ykd u
D y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f BuKd ;acGuav;awG zGio hf MH um;vdYk
w&m;BuKd ;acGwpfck ay;zGiv hf u
kd yf gw,f}
][kwfuJh}
]tJonfbek ;f Bu;D u b,frmS vJ ar;w,f/ ajymvdu k af wmh
vdu
k yf cYkd ikd ;f aew,f/ ydrYk ,fqNkd y;D oifjh rwfcsed af pmifah ewmyJ/ onfaeY
olaY rG;aeYrYkd ZGwyf cYkd ikd ;f wmeJY vdu k yf &Ykd wmyJ/ rEÅav;vmaewm rMum
ao;bl;}
]at;Asm? onfval wG wef;pDwufvmMuawmh ausmif;rSm;
vmMuNyD atmufarYwm/ OD;bpdejf rifvYkd onfyv J mwmjzpfr,f od&
wm}
]bke;f Bu;D u w&m;"r®uav; cs;D jri§ ahf y;yg bk&m;}
]'umrBuD;u w&m;vdkufpm;ovm;}
]wynfah wmf tif;av; Oa'gif;awmifq&mawmfwq Ykd v D nf;
a&mufygw,f/ awmifBu;D u uarÇm'D;,m;q&mawmfwq Ykd v D nf;
tm;xkwzf ;l ygw,f bk&m;}

990 ÓPuxm
]usKyw f u
Ykd kd tckvkd awmifMum;xJrmS wJuav;eJY tjyma&mif
0wf½BkH u;D eJY awGU&wm tHMh orSmyJ}
]OD;bpdeaf jymjyvdYk odNy;D ygNy/D onf&ufrmS arG;aeYjzpfvYkd onf
arG;aeYudwfrkefYuav;vnf; vSLcsifw,f/ zl;awGUvnf; zl;awGUcsif
wmeJY vmwmygyJ}
]tckvkd BuKd ;BuKd ;pm;pm; usKyw f u Ykd akd wGUatmif onfvckd uf
cufccJ J vmwmtwGuf *kP, f yl gw,f}
][kwyf gw,f/ awmfawmfa0;wmyJ}
]onfvv kd mEdik w
f mtwGuf 'umrwdu Yk kd qkwpfcak y;&rSmyJ}
]ay;yg bk&m;}
]usKyaf y;wJq h u k cHpm;&rnfq h k r[kwb f ;l / vkyaf qmif&rnfh
qk jzpfaew,f/ 'gaMumifh ,lr, S cl siyf gYrvm; qdw k mawmh rodb;l }
],lrmS aygh bk&m;}
]'umrudk bmay;&rvJ Munfw h t hJ cg tJ'gudjk rifw,f}
]ay;ygbk&m;/ tJ'gudyk J ay;yg}
]tJ'gu bmjzpfr,f odrmS r[kwb f ;l }
]rodygbl; bk&m;}
]tJ'g ajymr,faemf}
]ajymyg bk&m;}
]wpfaeYwpfBurd f w&m;BuKd ;wpfacGuek af tmif wpfEpS t f xd
emay;zdkYyJ}
]bmw&m; em&rSmvJ bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 991
]"r®0[ d m&DwYkd a[majymxm;wJh w&m;BuKd ;acGyJ ñTejf y&r,f}

]emrSmaygY bk&m;}
]tJonfw&m;udyk J ñTew f muawmh aumif;vSw,fxifvYkd
r[kwfbl;aemf/ b,fw&m;ñTefvsif oifYavsmfw,fqdkwm rawGUvdkY
'gyJñTefvdkufwmyJ}
]aumif;ygNyD bk&m;}
]emwJYtcgrSm t½dktaoawGay;aezdkY rvdkbl;/ tdyf&m0ifç
tdy&f mx? tdy&f mxJu jzpfjzpf? tvkycf iG x f u
J jzpfjzpf vky&f if;udik f
&if;? pm;aomuftyd pf uf&if; emEdik w f ,faemf}
]aumif;ygNyD bk&m;}
]onfvñ kd eT &f wmu 'umrudk tusKd ;w&m; jzpfxeG ;f apcsif
vdaYk emf/ onfuw&m; tpGex f w k w
f m r[kwb f ;l }
],Hyk gw,f bk&m;}
]onfvdktjzpfrsdK;uav; BuHKzl;wm½SdvdkYyg}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]jynfNrKd UrSm OD;Muifqw kd hJ 'umBu;D wpfa,muf ½Sw d ,f/ olY
tdru f kd t0ga&mifbek ;f Bu;D b0eJY w&m;a[mzl;w,f/ tjyma&mif
bke;f Bu;D jzpfNy;D MumrS olt Y rd af &mufomG ;awmh oluajymw,f}
]b,fvakd jymovJ bk&m;}
]wynfah wmftrd f bke;f Bu;D w&m;a[moGm;wm bmrSrod
vdu k bf ;l / {nfo h nfawG ae&mcsay;ae&wmeJyY w J }hJ
][kwrf mS aygY bk&m;}

992 ÓPuxm
]bke;f Bu;D wdjYk yefomG ;rS OD;xGe;f a½Tqw

kd hJ rdwaf qGu BuKd ;acGzrf;
xm;vdu k wf muav; em&w,f/ tJ'gudk wpfaeYwpfBurd f ESpEf pS w f w d d
rysurf uGuf aeYwikd ;f emwm tck bke;f Bu;D w&m;awG tukeo f Nd yvD Ykd
ajymygw,f}
]aumif;wmaygY bk&m;}
]w&m;qdw k m ajymaeusawGr[kwaf wmh em;rul;vG,b f ;l }
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]onfawmh 'gudt k xyfxyfemvsiaf wmh &if;ES;D oGm;Ny;D em;
vnfrSmaygY}
][kwrf mS yg bk&m;}
]onfawmh 'umrudkvnf; onftwdkif;yJ/ w&m;emzdkYyJ
ay;vdkuf&r,f}
]emrSmaygY bk&m;}
]emvsif taumif;qH;k &p&m wpfcu k kd 'umr&vdrrhf ,f}
]bmvJ bk&m;? taumif;qH;k &p&mqdw k mu-}
]'umr bmxifovJ}
]rxifwwfb;l bk&m;}
]avmurSm &p&mawGxrJ mS b,f&p&m[m taumif;qH;k
vJ}
]tJ'gvnf; rodbl;bk&m;}
]a½TawGçaiGawG ypön;f OpömawG &wmvnf; aumif;w,f
aemf}

ÓPuxm 993
]aumif;ygw,f bk&m;}
]'gayrJY tJ'gawG&wm[m taumif;qH;k &wm r[kwb f ;l }
]tJ'gu bm&wmjzpfrvJ bk&m;}
]'umrudk,fudk 'umrjyef&wm[m taumif;qHk;&wmyJ}
]aMomfèbk&m;}
][kww f ,fètJonfw&m;udek mvsif 'umr[m 'umr
ud,
k u f kd 'umr jyef&vdrrhf ,f/ 'umrud, k uf kd 'umrjyef&wm[m
&p&mawGxrJ mS taumif;qH;k &wmjzpfvrd rhf ,f}
]'grsm; bk&m;}
]'umrud, k u f kd 'umr &Ny;D om;jzpfaew,f xifovm;/
'umr&JUom;udk ar;MunfhygOD;}
][kwfw,f? tar&vdkYvm;}
]at;aygY om;&,f}
]'umr b,fvv kd /J ud,
k uhf ,kd u
f kd ud,
k rf &wm ay:vGiw f ,f
aemf}
][kwyf gNyD bk&m;}
]ud,
k u Yf , kd uf kd &wmudk bmaMumif&h p&mxJrmS taumif;qH;k
&p&mvdYk ajym&wmvJ}
]trde½Yf ydS gOD; bk&m;}
]a½TawGçaiGawG ypönf;ypö,eJY *kPfod&ftmPmawG &OD;
awmhawmifrS ud, k uYf ,kd u f kd ud,
k u f rydik vf sif tJ'gawGukd ydik w
f ,f
ajymvdYk jzpfrvm;}

994 ÓPuxm
]ydik w
f ,f rajym&bl;aygY bk&m;}
]onfawmh a½TçaiGçypön;f çOpöm tpp &p&mawGukd &wm[m
taumif;qH;k &p&mudk &wmr[kwaf o;bl;/ ud, k uYf ,
kd u
f kd ud,
k &f
wmrS taumif;qH;k &p&mudk &wm r[kwb f ;l vm;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]aumif;Ny?D tJonf&p&mud&k atmif onfw&m;acGu ñTejf y
NyD; tvif;zGifhay;vdrfhr,f}
]aumif;ygNyD bk&m;}
]'umrudk "r®0[ d m&Dwu
Ykd ay;vdu
k wf q hJ [k m 'gyJ}
]om"kyg bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 995
122/ jynfNrdKU? acwå&mNrdKUopf? a½Tvifyef;awm&ausmif;ü

'umBu;D rsm;tm; ½SiÓ
f Pajymaom wPSmt&aumufpum;
]q&mawmfwYkd raeYua&mufygovm; bk&m;}

][kwfygw,f}
]wynfah wmfwq Ykd D nutaMumif;Mum;vdYk onfeeH uf t
apmrSyJ q&mawmfqD vmMuwmyg bk&m;}
]q&mawmfukd tckvkd tjym0wfpekH aYJ wGUzl;wm 'gèyXrygyJ}
][kwrf mS yJ? jynf-ra&mufwmvnf; MumoGm;Ny}D
]bke;f Bu;D eJaY wGUwke;f ar;&OD;r,f bk&m;}
]ar;yg}
]ar;qdk awmif;qdkwmyJ jzpfrSmyg}
]bmawmif;qdkMurvJ}
]edAmÁ efqw kd m q&mawmf zGijhf ywmudk em;axmifciG hf &yg&ap
vdyYk J awmif;&rSmyg}
]'gèrvkyBf uygeJY 'umBu;D wd}Yk
]'gu 'umBu;D wdt Yk aeeJU prf;Ny;D om; 0g;Ny;D om;jzpfzYkd odyrf
vG,b f ;l / onfvkd rvG,w f mudak jymvnf; axmufcçH uefu Y uG f vkyf
Edik w
f hJ taetxm; ½Srd mS r[kwb f ;l }
]vkyrf mS aygY bk&m;}

996 ÓPuxm
]vkyv f siv f nf; ,Hvk çYkd BuKd uv f çYkd BuxH m;csuef u YJ u kd vf Ykd awGU
vd-Yk qdw
k mawGeyYJ J wlçrwleYJ axmufcu H efu Y uG vf yk Mf u&rSmyJ}
]onfvdkqdkawmh raumif;bl;vm;}
]ud, k , f w
kH meJw
Y v
l Ykd axmufcw H m? rwlvYkd uefu Y u G wf m[m
wu,fawmh trSefr[kwfMuygbl;}
]udk,fBudKufvdkY axmufcHçuefYuGufwmua&m}
]'gvnf; trSerf [kwyf gbl;}
]ud,
k Mf um;zl;wmeJY wlçrwlaMumifh uefu Y uG çf axmufcw H mu
a&m bk&m;}
]tJ'gvnf; trSerf [kwb f ;l }
]ud,k Bf upH nfvYkd rdwmçrrdwmeJY axmufcçH uefu Y u G w f mu
a&m}
]tJ'gvnf; rrSeb f ;l }
]udk,fawGUjzpfrIçrjzpfrIeJY axmufcHçuefYuGufwmua&m
bk&m;}
]tJ'gvnf; rrSeb f ;l }
]onfawmY bmeJt Y rSeaf jymrvJ bk&m;}
]tJ'g cufwmaygY}
]wynfah wmfwYkd ajymEdik w f mu onfig;csux f u J yJ jzpfrmS yJ}
][kww f ,f? 'gaMumifh tJonfavmuf jrKyv f eG ;f wmudk tajz
ray;yg&apeJ/Y wjcm;t&mawGyJ ajzyg&ap/ tJ'gar;MuzdYk ajym&rSm
aygY}

ÓPuxm 997
]bmar;&rvJ bk&m;}
]wPSmqdw k m b,fv[ kd mvJb&k m;vdYk ar;Muvsif raumif;
bl;vm;}
]wPSm bmvkyrf mS wke;f bk&m;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]wPSm bmtoH;k uswmrSwv f bYkd &k m;/ Ny;D awmh wPSmu
NcaH ygufybJ &k m; ar;zdrYk vdyk gbl; r[kwv f m;}
]'umBuD;wdkYu ajymvdkufMuwm}
]r[kwfbl;vm; bk&m;}
]wPSm[m bmtoH;k usvJ ajymwmawmh rrSeyf gbl;}
]wPSm[m ork',opömw&m;yJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfopömrodbJ onfwPSm y,fEikd v f v Ykd m;}
]'gawmY 'gaygY bk&m;}
]'gry,fEikd b f J edAmÁ ef a&mufEikd yf gYrvm;}
]onfvakd wmh ra&mufEikd b f ;l aygY bk&m;}
]'gqdv k sif wPSm[m ta&;ygwmyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]wPSm[m edAmÁ ef&zdt Yk wGuf t"duqD;qdaYk ewJ&h efol r
[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}

998 ÓPuxm
]onf&efou
l kd rodvsif b,fvv
kd yk Nf y;D &efou
l kd owfEikd f
rvJ}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]ud,
k &hf efou l kd i,farG;NcaH ygufjzpfvYkd odMuNy;D om;vdYk 'um
Bu;D wdu
Yk xifaeMuovm;}
]wPSmawmh rodb½J rdS vm; bk&m;}
]'gqdkvsif wPSmeJYpyfNyD; rar;csifbl;aygY/ rar;csifvsif
odNy;D om;xifwhJ 'umBu;D wdu Yk kd wPSmqdw k mbmvJ ar;&r,f}
]ar;yg bk&m;}
]'umBu;D wdYk wPSmqdw k mbmvJ ajzMuprf;Asm}
]tm;vHk;xJu wynfhawmfwpfa,muftaeeJY ajzyg&ap
bk&m;}
]ajzyg}
]vdck siwf m rSeo f rQ[m wPSmawGaygY bk&m;}
]aumif;Ny?D onftajzudk enf;enf;aps;qpfr,f? &rvm;}
]&ygw,f bk&m;}
]'gudk enf;enf;ajzay;yg}
]ar;yg bk&m;}
]avmurSm v,form;awG v,fvyk Mf uwm[m taysmf
vm;? pyg;&csiv f vYkd m;}
]pyg;&csiv f aYkd ygY bk&m;}
]tJonfv,form;awG&UJ pyg;&csirf [ I m wPSmyJvm;}

ÓPuxm 999
]wPSmyJaygY bk&m;}
]wPSm[m opömzGUJ vsif bmopömvJ}
]ork',opömaygY bk&m;}
]ork',opöm[m bmudp½ö w dS hJ opömvJ}
]y[mwAÁupd ½ö w dS hJ opömyg}
]onfvq kd kd wPSm[m y,f&rSmaygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]y,fvsif bmjzpfrmS rdv Yk }J
]edAmÁ efa&mufrmS rdyYk g}
]edAmÁ efqw kd m aumif;ovm;çqd;k ovm; b,fvMkd um;zl;vJ}
]aumif;w,f Mum;zl;ygw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]onfvq kd akd wmh v,form;awGqu D wPSmawGukd y,f
vdkufr,faemf}
]y,fyg bk&m;}
]y,fvdkufvsif v,form;awGrSm aumif;oGm;Murvm;}
]b,fvdkaumif;rSmvJ}
]edAmÁ ef&vdaYk ygY bk&m;}
]pyg;&wm[m v,fvyk v f Ykd r[kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}

1000 ÓPuxm
]pyg;vdck siv
f Ykd v,fvyk ?f v,fvyk vf Ykd pyg;&? pyg;&vdYk vlawG
pm;&wm r[kwb f ;l vm;}
][kwfygw,f}
]wPSmy,fvsif pyg; &ygawmYrvm;/ r&vsif vlawG bm
pm;MurvJ/ rpm;&bJ b,fvakd umif;ygYrvJ/ aumif;jyygOD;}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]olajymwm rrSew f m ay:vGiof mG ;ygNy/D wynfah wmfajymyg&
ap q&mawmf}
]ajymygOD;? wPSmqdw k m b,fv[ kd mwke;f }
]wPSmqdw k m qmavmifiwfrw G w f maygY bk&m;}
]wpf&pf½Sfem-wPSm qdkwJhtwdkif;yJvm;}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]'gqdvk sif 'umBu;D udk ar;&r,f}
]ar;yg bk&m;}
]bk&m;[m wu,fb&k m;jzpfw,fvYkd 'umBu;D cH,&l UJ vm;}
]cH,yl gw,f bk&m;}
]bk&m;qdkwm wPSmukef&w,faemf}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]bk&m;vGeaf wmfrrl nfah eYu 0rf;awGomG ;Ny;D aeylpyfcg;xJrmS
vrf;avQmufaeawmh a&qmwm[m olo Y rdik ;f rSm ajymprSwf txif
t½Sm; ½Sdw,f}
]Mum;zl;ygw,f}

ÓPuxm 1001
]qmwm wPSmqdv k sif bk&m;u 'gèry,f&ao;ovdk jzpf

raebl;vm;}
][kwyf gw,f/ onf'umBu;D ajymwmt&qdv k sif bk&m;u
bk&m;rjzpf&OD;rvdk jzpfaeygw,f? wynfah wmf ajymyg&ap q&m
awmf}
]ajymyg 'umBu;D ? wPSmqdw k m b,fv[ kd mvJ}
]wPSmqdkwm zdkçroabmt& cspfMuçBudKufMuwJYpdwfawG
aygY bk&m;}
][kwfNyD/ onftajzudkvnf; enf;enf;qpfMunfh&atmif
aemf}
]qpfyg bk&m;}
]wPSmqdw k m y,f&rnfu h pd ½ö w
dS t
hJ &m jzpfwt hJ wdik ;f y,f
Munfrh ,f/ y,fvYkd taumif;xGuo f vm; ay:rSmaygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]usm;çr rSeforQawGqDu wPSmawG tukef Ekwfvdkuf&
atmif}
]Ekwv f rYkd S r&bJb&k m;}
]yg;pyfeaYJ ygY? 'gawmh &rSmyg}
]Ekwyf g bk&m;}
]Ekwv f u kd vf Ykd r½Sad wmhb;l qdvk sif usm;çr awG aygif;Muçoif;
Mu ½Syd gYrvm;}
]r½Sad wmYb;l aygY bk&m;}

1002 ÓPuxm
]r½Sad wmYvsif vlawG topfrjzpfawmhb;l aygY}

][kwfygw,f}
]onfvq kd v
kd sif vlrsKd ;jyKwrf mS aygY/ tJ'g aumif;ovm;}
]onfvdkawmh raumif;bl;aygY bk&m;}
]raumif;vsiaf wmY tJ'g y,f&rnft h &mjzpfwhJ 'kuo © rk
',t&d,opömwPSm r[kww f mudk wPSmoGm;vkyyf ,frw d myJ jzpf
vdq
Yk w
kd m xif½mS ;oGm;Ny}D
]onfvdkqdkawmh wynfhawmfwdkY wPSmudk rodMubl;aygY
bk&m;}
]'gyJ}
]'gawmh wynfah wmfwu Ykd odatmifvyk zf aYkd wmif rvdak tmif
odaeNy;D om; rSwaf eMuwmyg}
]onfvdkyJ}
]'gudak wmif vGrJ mS ;odaevsif wjcm; edAmÁ efqw kd mawG[m
wynfah wmfozd Ykd rvG,b f ;l aygY}
]tJ'gaMumifh tJ'grar;MuygeJY/ 'gyJar;Muyg ajym&wm/
'gurS tar;tajzuav;jzpfNyD; tusdK;½Sdao;w,f}
]bmtusKd ;½Sv d J bk&m;}
]wPSmudk igrodygvm;vdYk odomG ;wmaygh/ 'gtusKd ;yJaygY}
]onfvdkqdkawmh wPSmudk bmvJqdkwm q&mawmfudkyJ
jyefar;&awmhrSmyJ}
]ar;yg/ tJ'gar;zdYk ajymaewmyJ}

ÓPuxm 1003
]tJ'g q&mawmfu trde½Yf ydS g bk&m;}

]tJ'g t½SnBf u;D pum;ajym&rSm/ 'umBu;D wdYk ajymaewmeJY
wpfeHeufukefoGm;NyD}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]onftajzudk aeYvnfrS em;axmifMupd/Yk tJ'g em;axmif
csio
f l apmifMh u/ qGr;f pm;OD;r,f}
]apmifyY gYr,f bk&m;}
(qGrf;pm;NyD;aemuf)
]wPSmudo k zd t
Ykd wGuf tcif;tusi;f ESpcf u k kd aoaocsmcsm
em;vnfrjS zpfr,f? tJ'g ajym&r,f}
]ajymyg bk&m;}
]yXrtcif;tusif;u ]ig½Sdw,f}qdkwm em;vnfatmif
vkyf&rSmyJ}
]igu wu,f½v dS v
Ykd m; bk&m;}
]½SdwmaygY}
]wynfah wmfwu Ykd twår½Sb d ;l vdYk toifMum;cHxm;&wm}
]tJ'g zsu&f rSmyJ}
]tJ'g rysufvsif wPSmodvdkY r&bl;}
]wPSmrodMuwm twår½Sb d ;l -odaevdv
Yk m; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}

1004 ÓPuxm
]tJ'g enf;enf;em;vnfatmif ajymygOD; bk&m;}

]igr½Sv d sif igvdck siw f ,fqw kd m b,fv½kd v dS &Ykd rSmvJ}
]jyefajymygOD; bk&m;}
]vdck siw f ,fqw kd m vdck siof &l UJ jzpfymG ;rItrlt&m Bu, d myJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]vdck sirf t I rlt&m Bu, d mrSm vdck sio f q l w kd m r½Sb d eJ YJ b,fvkd
jzpfrSmvJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]vdck sio f ½l rdS S tJonforl mS jzpfwhJ vdck sijf cif;qdw k m jzpfEikd rf mS
aygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]tJonfEpS cf [ k m cGvJ rYkd &wJh ESpcf yk }J
][kwfygw,f}
]'gaMumifh twåvaYkd c:wJh ig½Sw d ,fqw kd mjzpfrS wPSmudk
odv&Ykd rSm ajym&wmaygY}
]igu b,f[mudk ac:&rSmvJ bk&m;}
]½ky"f mwfçemrf"mwf y&rwfawG pka0;Muwm&JU tjcm;pka0;rI
awGerYJ wl uGjJ ym;xl;jcm;wJh pka0;rI trlt&mBu, d mopf wpfrsKd ;[m
igygyJ}
]tr,fav; bk&m;? em;udk ½Iyo f mG ;wmyJ}
]at;aygY? onfvakd wmh jzpfomG ;&rSmyJ}

ÓPuxm 1005
]ud,
k rf odwmudk tajymcH&vsif em;a0;wmaygY}
]a0;wmaygY bk&m;}
]em;a0;wm[m ½Iyw f myJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gèay:vGiaf tmifawmh enf;enf;½Si;f ay;ygOD; bk&m;}
]jzpfjzpforQtm;vHk;[m tpdwftydkif;awG ½Sdw,f}
]'gèMum;zl;w,f bk&m;}
]tJonf tpdwftydkif;awG&JU tpk[m tjzpfawGyJ}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]aemuf tjzpfwpfrsKd ; ½Sad o;w,f}
]bmvJ bk&m;}
]tjzpfawGukd acszsuv f u
kd v
f sif tpdwaf wGjzpfw,f}
]aemufxyfacszsuv f rYkd &wJh tpdw[ f mvnf; tjzpfwpfrsKd ;yJ
jzpfw,f}
]tJonf tjzpfawG[m t½SdawGvm; bk&m;}
]'gaygY}
]olwdkY ysufMuw,fr[kwfygvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]'gqdk t½Sdr[kwfbl;aygY}
]jzpfwkef;u ½SdwmyJ[m t½SdaygY}
]jzpfwek ;f rSm wu,f½v dS sif t½Sv d m;bk&m;}

1006 ÓPuxm
]'gaygY}
]onfvq kd akd wmh bke;f Bu;D u wynfah wmfwu
Ykd kd t½SEd pS rf sKd ;½Sd
w,f-vdYk oifMum; aewmaygY}
]'gaygY}
]t½SdawG[m tjzpfawGyJ}
][kwfw,f}
]t½S[
d m ESprf sKd ;½Sw d ,f}
][kwfw,f}
]t½Swd pfcu k ]tpdwfawGpkaewJh t½S}d
][kwfw,f}
]aemuft½Sdwpfcku ]tpdwfoufouft½Sd}? [kwf&JUvm;
bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]tJ'g odNyb D &k m;}
]aumif;NyD}
]qufajymyg bk&m;}
]tpdwfoufouft½Sd[m y&rw¬opöm}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]tpkt½Sd[m orkwdopöm}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]em;½Sif;&JUvm;}
]enf;enf;awmh ½Si;f ygw,f/ 'gayrJY bk&m;}

ÓPuxm 1007
]ajymyg}
]orkwo d pömqdwk m orkwx
f m;wmrQ r[kwbf ;l vm; bk&m;}
]orkww f ,fqw
kd m b,fvkd teuft"dygÜ ,f aygufwmvJ}
]orkwfw,f-qdkwm ac:a0:ajymqdkwm r[kwfbl;vm;
bk&m;}
]rvkyfeJY? vGJoGm;r,f}
]b,fvv dk J bk&m;}
]orkwq f w kd m orkw-d qdw
k hJ ygVdpum; zsuo
f ;kH xm;wJph um;
yJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]t"dygÜ ,fu ]tpk}-vdkYyJ&r,f}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]orkww d Ykd ]or®w}-wdYk ]orw}-wdYk qdw
k mawG[m twlwl
awG}
]b,fvakd wGvJ bk&m;}
]wlnDaewJhtjzpf? aygif;pkaewJhtjzpf}-qdw
k mawGy}J
]onfawmh orkw&d UJ teuf[m tac:ta0:vdYk r[kwb f ;l
aygY bk&m;}
]'gaygY}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]tpkaygY}

1008 ÓPuxm
]onfawmh ]orkwdopöm}- qdkwm ]tac:ta0:opöm}- r

[kwfbJ ]tpkopöm}-aygY bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]opöm}-qdwk mu Armvdk b,fvjkd yef&rSmvJ bk&m;}
]trSe}f -vdYk jyefMuw,f? t½Sv d Ykd jyef&rSmyJ/ trSeq
f wkd m[m
t½SdrSyJ trSef r[kwfvm;}
]orkwo d pömqdw k m tpkt½St d rSe}f -aygYb&k m;?[kwyf g&JUvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]y&rw¬}-ua&m bk&m;}
]tpdwft½Sd}-aygY}
]tpkawGxrJ mS ½Sw d hJ tpdwo
f ufoufuav;awGvm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]tpkawG[m tpdwaf wG&UJ pkaewJt h jzpfqakd wmh tJonf
tpkawG[m t½SdrS [kwf&JUvm; bk&m;}
]tpk[m tpdwf&JUtpk jzpfayrJh tpdwf [kwf&JUvm;}
]r[kwfbl;}
]tJonftpk[m bmrSr[kwfwmvm;}
]r[kwfbl;}
]'gqdkbmvJ}
]tpdwf&JUtpkyJ-aygY}
]tJonf tpdw&f UJ tpk[m tpdwrf [kwb f ;l r[kwv f m;}
]tpdwrf [kww f m rSeyf gw,f}

ÓPuxm 1009
]tpdwt f jzpfwnfaewm r[kwb f ?J tpkt½Std jzpf wnf½dS

aewmyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gqdk tpk[m t½Sad ygY}
]'gèjrif&wmvnf; cufvdkufwm}
]tJ'g rcufMuapeJ}Y
]uav; jzpfomG ;rSmpd;k vdyYk }J
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]uav;[m opfawmudjk yvsif opfyifuykd J jrifvrd rhf ,f}
]opfawmudk rodvyYkd }J
]opfyifeo YJ pfawm b,f[mu todcufw,fxifv}J
]rodygbl; bk&m;}
]opfyifoNd y;D rS opfawmod&wm}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]opfawm[m tpk&UJ t½St d jzpfy/J opfyifu tpdwyf }J
][kwfygw,f}
]tpkawGukd pdwNf y;D Munfah eMuvsif tpkjrifzYkd cufw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]tpdwt f ½Su d Mkd unfh tm;oefvsif tpkt½Su d o
kd wd hJ todawG
nHhoGm;r,f}

1010 ÓPuxm
]vl[m tpkt½Sad wGuo kd zd Ykd trsm;tjym;yJ vdw k ,f}

][kwfygw,f}
]odw,fqw kd m omrefow d mavmufukd qdv k w kd mr[kwb f ;l }
]b,fvo kd &d rSmvJ bk&m;}
]tJonf t½S&d UJ vu©PmawG? udpv ö aYkd c:wJh tvkyv f yk yf kH
awG? ypöKy|mefvaYkd c:wJh tusKd ;quf jzpfymG ;yHak wG? y'|mefvaYkd c:wJh
jzpfymG ;&jcif;taMumif;awG NcKH iu kH iHk atmif od&rSmyJ}
]tpkt½Sjd zpfwhJ orkwd t½Sw d pfcck [
k m b,fvv kd u©Pm½Sd
ovJ odzv Ykd w
kd ,fvm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]b,fvkd vIy½f mS ;w,fqw kd mvnf; odzv Ykd w kd ,fvm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]b,fvkd oufa&mufraI wGjzpfapw,fqw kd mvnf; odzv Ykd kd
w,faygY bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]b,fvakd Mumifjh zpfw,fqw kd mvnf; odzv Ykd w kd ,faygY bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]igçolwyg;? a,musmf ;çrde;f rqdw k hJ orkwo d pöm t½Sad wGrmS
vnf; onfvykd J od&rSmvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]odyekH nf;enf;ajymygOD; bk&m;}
]tJonfrmS ig&,fçolwyg;&,f ESpcf [ k m vu©Pmcsi;f wl

ÓPuxm 1011
rvm;}
]vu©Pmqdkwm bmvJbk&m;}
]rSwfom;p&maygY}
]igeJoY rl mS rSwo f m;p&mcsi;f uGjJ ym;ygw,f}
]vIy½f mS ;csucf si;f a&m wlrvm;}
]rwlygbl;}
]taMumif;awGeYJ jzpfxeG ;f csut f usKd ;awGvnf; wlMurvm;}
]rwlMuygbl;}
]a,musmf ;eJrY ed ;f rvnf; onfvykd /J wjcm;awGvnf; wpfcek YJ
wpfckrwl uGJjym;jcm;em;Muw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]olvY u©Pmç olu Y pd çö olyY pöKy|mefçolY y'|mefawGeo YJ l ½SMd u
w,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]½GmçNrKd UçEdik if H 'gawGvnf; onfvykd /J ½GmrSmyJ wpf½mG eJw Y pf½mG
aygY rwlMubl;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tpdk;&tzGJU? bmoma&;tzGJU tppawGvnf; onfvdkyJ/
olvY u©Pm? olu Y pd ?ö olyY pöKy|mef? olyY '|mefeo YJ l ½SMd uw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfvq kd akd wmh igtp½Sw d hJ awG;od&wmawGxu J wu,f
½SdwJht&mawG rSeforQ[m t½SdawGaygY bk&m;}

1012 ÓPuxm
]'gaygY}
][kwNf yb D &k m;/ onfawmh igqdw k m b,fv[ kd mvJ bk&m;}
]olv Y u©Pm tp½Sw d mawG Munf&h rSmaygY}
]olvY u©Pm-u bmvJ bk&m;}
]odaeolu, kd w
f ikd &f UJ tjcm;olawGr[kww f t hJ &m tjzpf[m
ig-vdYk rSwpf &m vu©Pm-yJaygY}
]udpö-ua&m bmvJb&k m;}
]½Sio f efcsr;f ajrah tmif aqmif½u G w f uhJ pd -ö yJ}
]ypöKy|mef-ua&m bk&m;}
]rqk;H yg; raysmuf½jS cif;-aygY}
]raojcif;vm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]b,fvdk&rvJ}
]&ygw,f}
]em;vnfatmif ajymygOD;}
]½kyrf sKd ;qufç emrfrsKd ;quf >cif;cseEf ikd w f maygY}
]todw&m;eJY om;orD;awG cseEf ikd w f mvm; bk&m;}
]'gaygY}
]y'|mef-ua&m}
]olYrdb-aygY}
]aumif;NyDbk&m;}
]ig}-qdw k mudk odMuNyaD ygYaemf}

ÓPuxm 1013
]Mum;zl;em;0eJYawmh odNyDbk&m;}
]onfavmufyJ &rSmaygY}
]wPSmodatmif ajymygbk&m;}
]ajymvdYk r&ao;bl;}
]bmvdkao;vdkYvJ bk&m;}
]aemufwpfco k pd &m odzv
Ykd akd o;w,f/ 'grS wPSm odv&Ykd
r,f}
]tJ'gu bmvJ bk&m;}
]ig}èr[kww f m}-yJ}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]ighqrD mS yl;aewJh iga,mifaqmifaewJh igr[kww f mwpfck
½Sdao;w,f}
]bk&m;-}
]igètwkta,mifaygY}
]tJ'gu b,fv[ kd mvJ bk&m;}
]ig-u olu Y pd t
ö & oluY ,
kd u
f kd wnfaqmufw,f}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]ig-r[kww f mu ig-a,mifaqmifNy;D igYupd aö wGukd ysupf ;D
atmif zsuq f ;D w,f}
]ig-r[kwfwmu igYudpöaqmif½GufrIawGudk ysufpD;atmif
zsufqD;w,fvm; bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}

1014 ÓPuxm
]tJonf ig-r[kww f m[m b,f[mawGvJ bk&m;}

]igYuykd ;l Ny;D pD;xm;wmawGaygY}
]tJ'gu bmawGvJ bk&m;}
]ty-awGaygY}
]ty-qdw k m b,fv[ kd mawGvJ bk&m;}
]ig&JU tjyiftyawGaygY}
]bmawGvJ bk&m;}
]tqif;çtoHçteYHçt&omçtawGUçtm½HkawGaygY}
]tJ'gawGu igudk b,fvdk yl;wmçpD;wmawG vkyfovJ
bk&m;}
]tJ'gawGu igxJukd 0ifMuw,f}
]b,fvdk0ifwmvJ bk&m;}
]tJonftm½Hak wGukd cH,w l t hJ aygufjzpfwhJ rsuaf ph?em;? ESm?
vQm?ud,
k af wGu 0ifwmyJ}
]0ifNy;D b,fvkd yl;wmçpD;wmvJ bk&m;}
]'gawGu vlxaJ &mufwt hJ cg jyKpm;rIwpfcu k kd vkywf ,f}
]b,fvdkvkyfwmvJ bk&m;}
]cHpm;&atmifaygY}
]cHpm;&awmh bmjzpfovJ bk&m;}
]cHpm;&wJth cg cHpm;olu cHpm;rIatmuf a&mufomG ;wm
jzpfwwfw,f/ wjcm;vnf; jzpfwwfw,f}
]wjcm;u b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ}

ÓPuxm 1015
]igud,k wf nfaqmufrI b,favmufNy;D w,f? vdw k ,fqw

kd m
jzpfwmyJ}
]b,fvjkd zpfvsif yl;wmvJ}
]cHpm;rIatmufa&mufvsif yl;wmyJ}
]ra&mufvsiaf &m bk&m;}
]'gqdv k siaf wmh ryl;bl;}
]cHpm;rIatmufa&mufw,f-qdw k m b,fv[ kd mvJ bk&m;}
]cHpm;rIxJ ,pfr;l oGm;wmaygY}
]taumif;cHpm;rSvm;}
]r[kwfbl;}
]raumif;cHpm;vnf; ,pfrl;wmyJvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]r,pfrl;wmu rcHpm;&vdkYvm;}
]r[kwfbl;}
]cHpm;&vsuo f m;eJY bmaMumifh r,pfr;l wmvJ bk&m;}
]todOmPf OD;pD;xm;vdaYk ygY}
]onfvq kd akd wmh tm½Hak wGukd cH,w
l t
hJ cg todÓPf rOD;pD;
vsif ty-tyl;çtpD; cH&wmaygY}
][kwfw,f}
]onfvkd ty-yl;awmhçpD;awmh b,fvakd eovJ bk&m;}
]igYtusKd ;pD;yGm;udk rodawmhbJ tyu cdik ;f ovdk ajymqdjk yKrl
BuHpnfawmhwmaygY}

1016 ÓPuxm
]onfawmh igY&UJ tusKd ;pD;yGm;awG qH;k ½H;I rSmaygY}

][kwfw,f}
]ty-u b,fvckd ikd ;f rvJ}
]ty-aemufyJ tvdu k cf ikd ;f wmaygY}
]b,fvdkvdkufwmvJ}
]tJonf tyawG aemufxyf0ifEikd zf Ykd ajymqdw k m? jyKrw l m?
BuHqwmawG vkyfwmyJ}
]tJonfvkd ajymqdjk yKrBl upH nfwmawGukd iguyJvyk w f mr
[kwfbl;vm;}
][kwfw,fvdkY xif&w,f}
]wu,f r[kwfbl;vm;}
]iguvnf; vkyEf ikd o f vd?k igr[kww f muvnf; vkyEf ikd w f ,f}
]igr[kww f muvkyw f m ay:vGiaf tmif b,fvo kd &d rvJ}
]tJ ykpH w H pfcx
k w
k Nf y;D ajymMunfrh ,faemf}
]ajymyg bk&m;}
]y'dkif;oD;pm;vsif ½l;wmodovm;}
]odygw,f bk&m;}
]tJonfvkd ½l;wJt h cg ajymqdjk yKrl BupH nfwm ½Srd ,faemf}
]½Srd mS ygyJ bk&m;}
]tJ'gawG[m y'dik ;f oD;pm;ol&UJ ud, k Ef w
I Ef v
S ;kH u vkyw f m
awGjzpfayrJY tJonfoluvkyfw,f-ajymvdkY jzpfygYrvm;}
]rajym&bl;vm;}

ÓPuxm 1017
]ajymw,fxifvsif y'dik ;f oD;pm;wmudk EkwMf unfv h u

kd af ygY/
rpm;vsif onfvakd wG jzpfrvm;}
]rjzpfbl;}
]rjzpfvsif y'dik ;f oD;pm;olu vkyw f ,f rajym&bl;aygY}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gqdk b,fov l yk w f mvJ}
]y'dkif;oD;vkyfwmvm; bk&m;}
][kww f ,f? y'dik ;f oD;qdwk -hJ ty vkyw f maygY}
]y'dik ;f oD;u vlukd b,fvv kd yk af ewmvJ bk&m;}
]y'dik ;f oD;u pm;ol&UJ ud, k uf kd tqdyt f awmufwpfrsKd ; oifh
apw,f}
]Mum;zl;ygw,f}
]tJonftqdyt f awmuf[m pm;olukd awG;zdçYk BuzH çYkd ajymqdk
jyKrzl Ykd ZD0puf,EÅ,m;awGukd cRw, f iG ;f ysupf ;D apw,f}
][kwfrSmyg}
]onfvkd tysut f pD;eJY jyKrçl ajymqdçk BupH nfwmawG[m t
ysuaf Mumifh jzpfwmvm;? olvyk cf siw f mtwdik ;f jzpfwmvm;}
]tysuaf Mumifh jzpfwmyg bk&m;}
]ysufNyDqdkvsif ol-[kwfao;&JUvm;}
]ysuv f sif ol-r[kwaf wmhb;l aygY bk&m;}
]ol-qdkwmu yuwdtwdkif; aumif;aewmyJ r[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f}

1018 ÓPuxm
]raumif;awmhbl;qdkvsif ol-r[kwfawmhbl;aygY}
]r[kwfawmhygbl;}
]tJ'g tyyJ? raumif;atmif tJonf tyu jyKpm;vduk f
wmyJ}
]tJonf ty[m igr[kww f myJaygY bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]wynfah wmfwYkd tck ig&,fçigr[kww f m&,f ESpcf v
k Ykd odMu&
NyDaygh bk&m;}
][kwfw,f}
]onfawmh wPSmajym bk&m;}
][kwfwmaygY}
]wPSmu b,f[mvJ bk&m;}
]wPSmqdw k m vdck siw f m&JU emrnfy}J
][kwfygw,f}
]vdck siw
f m[m ESprf sKd ;½Sw
d ,f}
]bmawGvJ bk&m;}
]igu vdck siw f meJ?Y igr[kww f mu vdck siw
f m-vdkYyJ}
][kwyf gY bk&m;}
]igu vdck siwf m[m wPSmr[kwb f ;l qEý/J b,favmuf
rsm;rsm;aygY/ igr[kww f mu vdck siw f mqdvk siaf wmh enf;enf;vdck sif
wmjzpfjzpf wPSmjzpfw,f}

ÓPuxm 1019
]igr[kww f mu vdck siwf muom igudk 'kua© y;Edik w f m/ ig-

tppfuvdck siwf mawG 'kur© ay;Edik Mf uvdyYk }J
]igr[kww f mu vdck siwf m Nird ;f wm[m edAmÁ efvm; bk&m;}
][kwfwmaygY}
]edAmÁ efvnf; wynfah wmfwYkd odciG &hf ygNyb
D &k m;}

1020 ÓPuxm
123/ rEÅav;? ykodrfBuD;? a&Munfrdk;aygufusacsmif?

rd;k jymausmif;ü ZD;uke;f OD;vSjrift
h m; ½SiÓ
f Pajymaom
r,m;ESpfOD;pum;
]OD;vSjriYfwdkY b,fESpfa,mufvmMuovJ}
]ESpaf ,mufwnf;yg bk&m;}
]tcsed Bf u;D u wpfrsKd ;yJ}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]udpötxl;½Sdao;vm;}
]½Syd gw,f bk&m;}
]bmudpöygvdrfh}
]tJ'gèavQmufrmS yg bk&m;}
]vmMuwmu rat;aq;wJhyHkBuD;vdkyJ}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]em;MuOD;aygY}
]&ygw,f bk&m;}
]&xm;eJYvmwmr[kwfbl; xifw,f}
]a½Tbu dk onfoil ,fcsi;f 0ifac:Ny;D um;eJv
Y mcJw
Y myg}
]ajz;ajz;vkyfMu}
]wynfah wmfwYkd toHzrf;puf prf;oyfNy;D vsif wynfah wmf
vm&if;udpö avQmufygYr,f bk&m;}
]vkyyf g}

ÓPuxm 1021
]toH0ifygw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]wynfaY wmf avQmufxm;ygr,f bk&m;}
]avQmufaygY}
]wynfhawmfrSm tjzpftysufBuD;wpfck jzpfygw,f/ tJ'g
wynfah wmfwYkd ajz½Si;f vdrYk &wJt h xd jzpfomG ;ygw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]q&mawmfu wynfhawmfwdkY&JU vrf;ñTefq&mjzpfawmh
q&mawmf&UJ vrf;ñTecf &H rSmyJqNkd y;D tckvkd vmcJ&Y jcif;yg bk&m;}
][kwfNyD}
]tjzpfukd wynfah wmf avQmufxm;ygr,f bk&m;}
]avQmufyg}
]wynfhawmf[m taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm wynfhawmf&JU
c,freJY umr*kPt f rSm; usL;rdMuygw,f}
]tif;}
]usL;rdwm&JU taMumif;uvnf; BuKd ;csi;f xm;vdYk Niw d ohJ
abm jzpfygw,f}
]tif;}
]olu
Y kd wynfah wmfwt Ykd rd rf mS ac:xm;Ny;D qdik rf mS ulapyg
w,f/ nq,fem&DavmufrS qdik yf w d yf gw,f}
]tif;}
]qdik yf w
d af wmh olUudk wynfah wmf tdrjf yefy&Ykd ygw,f}

1022 ÓPuxm
][kwfNyD}
]wynfah wmfwu Ykd qdik rf mS tdyMf uygw,f/ uav;awGeYJ ol
u tdrrf mS tdyyf gw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]wpfaeY tdrjf yeftydrYk mS uav;awGvnf; tdyMf uNyq D akd wmh
ESpaf ,mufwnf;jzpfNy;D rSm;oGm;wmygyJ bk&m;}
][kwfNyD}
]onfawmh wynfah wmf pOf;pm;ygw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]igrSm;wmudk rrSm;ovdb k J ae&rSmvm;/ rSm;wJt h avsmuf
wm0ef,w l m vky&f rSmvm;/ qdw k mygyJ}
][kwfwmyJ}
]tajzvnf; ud, k [Yf mud, k f xkwvf u
kd yf gw,f}
]b,fvdkxkwfovJ}
]igèwm0ef,l&r,fvdkYyJ}
]onfawmh bmvkyfovJ}
]olUudk wjcm;½Gmcd;k oGm;Ny;D vufxyfvu kd yf gw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]olUtpfrudvk nf; odyyf al erSmpd;k vdYk olUudk rajymcJah yrJY ab;
vlawGukd b,frmS qdw k m ajymcJyh gw,f}
]tif;}
]ab;vlawGu olt Y pfrajymjyawmh wynfah wmfwu Ykd kd t

ÓPuxm 1023
ac:vTwfygw,f/olUtpfru jyefvmMuyg?oloabmwlygw,fvdkY
ajymygw,f}
]'geJY jyefMua&mvm;}
]jyefygw,f/ jyefa&mufawmh olUudk olrY b d u ½GmuvmNy;D
ac:oGm;ygw,f}
][kwfNyD}
]wynfah wmfpw d xf rJ mS wynfah wmfred ;f ru onfvkd jzpf
atmifvyk wf ,f xifygw,f/ oluvnf; olvyk w f mr[kwb f ;l ajym
ygw,f}
][kwfwmaygY}
]wynfah wmfu bmvky&f r,fvJ rod/ onftwdik ;f vnf;
raewwfjzpfNy;D qif;&JaeMuygw,f}
][kwfrSmaygY}
]onfawmh onfjyóemrSm wynfah wmfwYkd bmvkyo f ifh
w,fvYkd q&mawmf&UJ ñTejf ycsuef mzdYk qH;k jzwfMuygw,f}
]b,foal wG qH;k jzwfwmvJ}
]wynfah wmfeYJ wynfah wmfred ;f rwdyYk gyJ}
]tJonfqHk;jzwfwmudk ESpfOD;vHk;u vdkufemMurSmwJhvm;}
]vduk ef mMuzdv
Yk nf; oabmwlcyhJ gw,f bk&m;}
]'gaMumifY onftjzpftysuu f kd wynfah wmfwifjycsuef YJ
q&mawmf&UJ ñTejf ycsuu f kd olUudk wynfah wmfjyozdYk tckvkd toHzrf;
xm;wmyg bk&m;}

1024 ÓPuxm
][kwfNyD}
]tqHk;tjzwfay;yg bk&m;}
]tif;ètvkyu f awmh ay:awmhwmyJ}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]onftvkyrf sKd ;[m "r®0[ d m&DwvYkd kd w&m;eJaY eolawG[m
rvGJraoG vkyfMu&rSmawGyJ}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]'gayrJY onftvkyrf sKd ; vmtyfou l 'gèyXrqH;k jzpfae
w,f}
][kwrf mS yg bk&m;}
]onfawmh onftvkyef pYJ yfNy;D b,favmuftcsKd ;usatmif
vkyEf ikd rf ,fqw kd m rajymEdik bf ;l }
]wifyg bk&m;}
]Ny;D awmhvnf; tqH;k jzwfcrH ,fqw kd mvnf; rajymwwfb;l /
tawGUtBuKH u r½Sb d ;l r[kwv f m;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]onfawmh}
]qH;k jzwfw,fqw kd m rvkyb f J tBuÓ H Pfay;w,fqw kd myJ
vkyfr,f}
]qH;k jzwfw,fqw kd m yDjyifrS aumif;wm}

ÓPuxm 1025
]b,fvkd yDjyif&rSmvJ bk&m;}

]vdkufem&rSmaygY}
]&ygw,f bk&m;}
]Ny;D awmh tqH;k tjzwfu rQwaezdv Yk nf; vdw k ,faygY}
]BuKd uo f vdyk J trde½Yf ydS g bk&m;}
]onfjyóemudk yXr oH;k oyfjyr,f/ Ny;D rS tBuaH y;wm
vkyfr,f}
]vkyyf g bk&m;}
]c,freJcY t J kd jzpfwm[m "r®wmygyJ/ onfvkd jzpfNrjJ zpfMu
w,f/ 'gaMumifh onftjzpf[m odyrf qef;wJt h jzpfyJ jzpfw,f}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]vlawGtawmfrsm;rsm;[m onfvdk rSm;avhrSm;x½SdMuwJh
yHo k P²mefawG ½Sw d ,f/ 'gudak zmfwhJ tavhtx r½Sw d t
hJ wdik ;f razmf
bJ aeMuwmom jzpfMuw,f}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]'gaMumifh onfo;kH oyfcsut f &qdv k sif txl; tjypfwpfpkH
wpf&m ajymp&mr½Sb d ;l vdYk ajym&r,f}
]wifyg bk&m;}
]'kw, d oH;k oyfcsuw f pfck xyfNy;D vkyrf ,f}
]vkyyf g bk&m;}
]viferYJ ,m;qdw k m y#dnmOfpmcsKy&f ,f r½Sad yrJY pmcsKyw f pfck
½Sad eovdk cdik Nf rwJ hJ "avhx;kH pH½w dS ,f/ tJ'guawmh igYtm½Hik g;yg;

1026 ÓPuxm
umr*kPw f &m;udk rif-Y ay;w,f/ rift Y m½Hik g;yg;udv k nf; igyJ,rl ,f

qdkwmyJ}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfawmh vifjzpfjzpf? r,m;jzpfjzpf wpfO;D OD;[m ud, k q
hf D
rSm½Swd hJ tm½Hik g;yg; umr*kPw f &m;udk ud, k èf rydik Mf ubl;}
][kwfygw,f}
]wpfbufou l kd tydik af y;xm;Muw,f/ wpfbufol tm½Hk
awGudk udk,fu oGm;ydkifaew,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gaMumifh OD;vSjrif[ h m olUtm½Hik g;yg;udk olcY ,frudk ay;ydik f
cGihf r½Syd gbl;}
]rlqvifawG ay;aewmyJ r[kwyf gvm;bk&m;}
]rlqvifawGu olwYkd vifr,m;vkyMf uwke;f uwnf;u olY
"avhx;kH pHt& ud, k ahf ,musmf ;[m r,m;awG aemufxyf,yl ikd cf iG hf
½Sw
d ,fvYkd vufcx H m;wmjzpfw,f [kwv f m;}
][kwfygw,f}
]tckvkd ud, k t hf m½Hik g;yg;udk ud,
k rf ydik bf eJ YJ ud,k uf aemuf
wpfa,mufukd oGm;ay;vdu k w f mqdak wmh rlvydik ½f iS u f kd qH;k ½H;I epfem
atmif vky&f ma&mufw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gaMumifh onfo;kH oyfcsut f & onfo[ l m tjypf½ydS gw,f}
][kwfygw,f}

ÓPuxm 1027
]tJ'gqdv
k sif tBuOH mPfay;csuv
f nf; ESpcf suyf J xkw&f rSm
yg}
]xkwyf g bk&m;}
]yXrwpfcsufu onfNyD;cJhwJhtjzpfrSm rw&m;wJhtjzpf
a&mufomG ;wmudk w&m;wJt h jzpfa&mufatmif wnfzh Ykd tcufjzpf
w,f}
]b,fvv kd J bk&m;}
]r,m;Bu;D yJaygif;vdYk tBuaH y;vsif r,m;i,fuvnf; oleYJ
vnf; vufxyfNy;D NyD jzpfvYkd r,m;i,f epfemr,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]r,m;i,fyaJ ygif;vd-Yk qdv k sif r,m;Bu;D u epfemr,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]ESpaf ,mufaygif;vdYk ajymvsiv f nf; r,m;Bu;D a&m r,m;
i,fa&myJ olwu Ykd olwu Ykd kd wpfaumifv;kH ay;&Ny;D olw&Ykd awmh wpf
0ufy&J w,f ajym&r,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfawmh r,m;BuD;a&m r,m;i,fa&m ESpfa,mufvHk;
qHk;½HI;epfemaew,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]'gaMumifh onfupd rö mS OD;vSjrif[ h m Mum;xJu b,foel rYJ S
raygif;bJ bke;f Bu;D vkyo f ifw h ,f ajym&r,f/ 'gudk vdu
k ef mzdYk rvG,f
bl;}

1028 ÓPuxm
]&ygw,f}
]onfawmh aemufwpfrsKd ; tBuaH y;&r,f}
]ay;yg bk&m;}
]onfupd rö mS tjypf½o dS t l jzpf Munfvh sif OD;vSjrifv
h nf; awGU
&r,f/ r,m;i,fvnf; awGU&r,f/ OD;vSjrif&h UJ tjypfu ay:vGiNf y;D
wJt
h wdik ;f yJ/ r,m;i,f&UJ tjypfu tpfr&JUa,musmf ;udk tpfrqDu
vk,al ygif;oif;ovdk jzpfwt hJ wGuf jzpfw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]onfawmh onfo;kH OD;rSm tjypfr½So d [l m r,m;Bu;D jzpfae
w,f/ onfawmh r,m;Bu;D uyJ onfjyóemrSm tqH;k tjzwfay;
oifhw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]r,m;Bu;D u oleyYJ aJ ygif;&r,f-qdv k sif oleyYJ J aygif;oifyY g
w,f/ r,m;i,feyYJ aJ ygif;yg-qdv k sif r,m;i,feyYJ J aygif;oifyY gw,f/
b,foel rYJ S raygif;&bl;qdv k siv f nf; b,foel rYJ S raygif;bJ aeoifh
ygw,f}
][kwfygw,f}
]'g[m aemufq;kH tBuaH y;csuyf gyJ/ onftBuaH y;csut f
wdik ;f vdu
k ef mzdyYk J jzpfygw,f}
]tJonftwdkif; vdkufemygr,f}

ÓPuxm 1029
124/ rEÅav;?ykord Bf u;D ?a&Munfr;kd aygufusacsmif?rd;k jymausmif;

ü a':wifwiftm; ½SiÓ f Pajymaom tarY*pl um;
]wynfah wmf use;f rma&;raumif;awmhb;l bk&m;}

][kwwf ,fètJ'g od&w,f}
]wynfah wmf onfukd 'gèaemufq;kH vmwm jzpfawmYrmS yg}
]onfvv kd J b,fajymEdik rf mS vJaygY}
]ajymEdkifygw,f}
]wynfhawmf ao&rSm raMumufygbl;}
][kwfrSmyg}
]aocsifwmvnf; r[kwfygbl;}
]'gvnf; [kwrf mS yg}
]wynfah wmfrmS 'gtwGuf bmrS ylyefrrI jzpfapygbl;}
]0rf;omygw,f}
]t½Sibf &k m;wdYk aus;Zl;w&m;ygyJ/ aemufqv kd sif wynfh
awmf onfukd vmEdik af wmhrmS r[kwyf gbl;}
][kwfNyDaygY}
]wynfhawmf aemufqHk;awmif;yefcsifygw,f}
]ajymyg}
]wynfah wmfb0[m qif;&Jygw,f/ 'gaMumifh wynfah wmf
om;orD;awGukd bke;f Bu;D qD rtyfEikd cf yhJ gbl;}
][kwfNyD}

1030 ÓPuxm
]onfawmh wynfhawmfaovsif bkef;BuD;ausmif;eJY reD;

ra0;rSm *luav;wpfck vma&muf jyKvyk af y;apcsiyf gw,f}
]&ygw,f}
]tJ'g&JU &nf½, G cf suu
f olwtYkd ar½Sw d ahJ e&mudk om;orD;
awG vmMuygr,f}
][kwfNyD}
]tJ'gtwGuf *luav;wpfcu k kd bke;f Bu;D ausmif; 0ef;usirf mS
½Sad pcsiw f m jzpfygw,f}
]jzpfygw,f/ 'gèbmcufwmrSwv f v Ykd }J
]OD;pd;k udv
k nf; today;&ygr,f/ 'guav;udk aqmif½u G af y;
zdyYk gyJ}

ÓPuxm 1031
125/ tif;pdef oD;oefY 1^22 ü OD;ode;f xGe;f tm;

½SiÓ
f Pajymaom *rÇ&D ESiaYf x&0g' pum;
]onfaeY avmurSm *rÇ&D eJY ax&0g' twGt J cGJ pum;awG

vdIifaew,f}
][kwfw,f}
]OD;yg&*lu *rÇ&D awGukd jypfwifpum;qdv k ukd wf mu pwmyJ}
][kwfw,f}
]ax&0g'oefwJholawGu eif;vdkufvmMuwmaygY/ *rÇD&
roH;k rdwohJ al wGu jyef½iS ;f Ny;D axmufcMH u vkyw
f myJ}
][kwfw,f}
]avmuDynmawGu 0g;vH;k acgif;xJu pmrsuEf mS va&mif
atmufa&mufvmawmh jiif;MuckMH uwmygyJ}
][kwfw,f}
]'gèaumif;w,f}
]bmjzpfvdkYwkef;}
]jiif;ckHwm em;axmif&rSmrdkYyJ}
]'gèaumif;ovm;}
]uRJcwfwmawmif aumif;ao;wmyJ}
]*rÇ&D orm;awG rxGu0f ahH vmufygbl;}
]raeygbl;}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}

1032 ÓPuxm
]*rÇ&D [m ax&0g'&JU axmufusm;yJ}

]b,fvdkvJ}
]ax&0g'[m *rÇ&D r½Sv d Ykd rjzpfb;l / aemufwpfcu k vnf;
*rÇ&D [m ax&0g'u aygufymG ;tay;cH&wJo Y m; jzpfw,f}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]y&dwaf wG? *gxmawG? tif;tdik f pwJh vufzUJG awG[m bke;f
Bu;D awGqu D &MuwmawGy}J
]tJ'gu yk*t H &nf;Bu;D awG vufuseaf wGy}J
]'gèxif&wmyJ? wu,fr[kwb f ;l }
]vkyfygOD;}
]onfaeY bke;f Bu;D awGyJ wapäeu YJ r®0gpmawG zwfMu? tEÅ
&m,fuif; y&dwaf wG ½GwMf u? ESpq f ,fah v;ypön;f pnf;cswmawG
vkyMf u? rD;rzGm;Edik of ul kd t*Fvk rd mva&ref; wdu k Mf u? vkyaf ewmyJ}
]'gèbk&m;pmawGyJ}
]'gawG[m rEÅe½f w G w f mawGyJ r[kwb f ;l vm;}
][kwfawmh [kwfygw,f}
]wjcm;olawGvnf; wjcm;bk&m;pmawGukd rEÅet f jzpf *gxm
tjzpf ½Gww f maygh}
]olwu Ykd 'gudk *rÇ&D vdYk oH;k wmud;k }
]*rÇ&D qdw k m eufew J mudk ajymwmyJ/ 'gèonfvv kd yk vf Ykd onf
vdjk zpfw,fqv kd sif reufeb J ;l vm;}
]onfvdkuav;vkyfwm eufeJovm;}

ÓPuxm 1033
]reufeb J ;l ? eufew J ,fqw kd m bmeJw Y ikd ;f rvJ}

]rwdkif;wwfbl;}
]wdik ;f p&mawmY ½S&d r,faemf}
]½Sd&rSmyJ}
]enf;enf;½SmMunfhr,f}
]½Smyg}
]vkyaf qmifrw I pfck vkyv f u
kd w f ,f/ tJ'gaMumifh jzpfymG ;rI
wpfcv k nf; jzpfymG ;w,f/ tJonfvyk rf eI YJ jzpfrI qufrjywwfb;l
qdyk gawmh/ 'gqdv k sif eufew J ,f ajym&rSmyJ}
]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
]reufeb J ;l ajymcsiv f sif tJ'gudk ½Si;f jyzdYk wm0ef,&l r,f}
][kwfwmyJ}
]½Si;f rjyEdik b f eJ YJ tJonfynm&yfawGukd reufeb J ;l ajymwm
[m ud, k [ hf mrxifvYkd rcifwmaMumifh ajymaewmyJ jzpf&r,f}
]ajymvSacsvm;}
]eufeJw,fqdkwJhpum;[m odzdkYcufw,fqdkwJh ]'k&EkaAm"}-
qdw
k hJ pum;vH;k jrifzYkd tvGecf ufw,fqw kd hJ ]ok''k o
´ }-qdw k hJ pum;vH;k
awGet YJ wl ajym&wJph um;vH;k yJ}
]OD;yg&*lvnf; rxifvYkd rxifovdk ajymvdu k w f myJvm;}
]'gaygY}
]wjcm; todcufNyD; jrifzdkYrvG,fwmawGudkvnf; *rÇD&vdkY
oH;k ydik cf iG hf ½Swd myJvm;}

1034 ÓPuxm
]½Sw
d maygY/ pum;vH;k yJ b,fbmom&yfjzpfjzpf oH;k cGihf ½Sw
d m
aygY}
]tck tmumoynm? uGeyf sLwmynmawGrmS oH;k vnf;&
rvm;}
]&wmaygY/ yifv,forkj'mudak wmif *rÇ&D vdYk oH;k xm;wmawG
½Sdygw,f}
]onfvdkvm;}
]OD;yg&*leYJ aemufvu kd af wGu txufvrf;ynmawGukd ud, k hf
zmom w&m;em; &pfo&D pfov D yk w
f mudk rsuaf pY½yI v
f Ykd rIwvf u
kd w
f m
yg}
]wu,fvnf; rsuaf ph½yI pf &m jzpfw,fr[kwv f m; bk&m;}
][kwfygw,f}
][kwv f sif rIwyf gapvm; bk&m;}
]rIwv f sif rSm;rSmaygY}
]txufvrf;u ax&0g'arG;ay;wJh arsmufy/J olarG;wJh
arsmufu olUajcmufwmyJ/ bmajymvd&Yk rSmvJ}
]tJonfarsmuf rajcmufEikd af tmif ½Si;f &rSmaygY}
]arsmufarG;w,fqdkwm taysmfr[kwfbl;}
]bmvkyfzdkYvJ}
]pm;0wfaea&;aygY}
][if}

ÓPuxm 1035
]arsmufr½Sv d sif arsmuf½iS f iwfrmS aygY}

]½IyfukefNyD}
]rodvsif ½Iyrf mS yJ}
]vkyfygOD;}
]ax&0g'awGu bk&m;om0uawGy}J
]odygw,f}
]'gayrJ-Y }
]bmjzpfvJ}
]tukev f ;kH u bk&m;wynfh rjzpfMubl;}
]'gawmh rjzpfol rjzpfb;l aygY}
]onfvdkr[kwfbl;}
]b,fvkdvJ}
]ud,k yf J bk&m;wynfjh zpfw,f/ acgif;u bk&m;wynfh rjzpf
bl;}
]r[kwu f [kwu f }
]wu,fy/J 'gaMumifh bmrSvyk v f Ykd rjzpfb;l / 'gaMumifh pm;
0wfaea&;twGuf arsmufuav; arG;xm;&wm/ tJ'g aysmufvsif
awmh arsmuf½iS f 'kua© &mufNy}D
]b,fvkd acgif;r½Sw d mvJ/ vkypf m;vdYk r&wmvJ}
]olwu Ykd vljzpfvmvsif ysupf ;D wm?'kua© &mufwm? olrsm;
tjc,ftvS,f cH&wm? 'gawG[m obm0yJ/ 'gawG bmrSvyk v f Ykd
r&bl;wJ/h olw[ Ykd m bmtoH;k usv/J tJ'geJY vlukd b,fvkd tvkyf

1036 ÓPuxm
tauR;jyKrmS vJ/ vltusKd ; raqmifo[ l m vlawGqu D bmtul

&rSmvJ}
]aocsm&JUvm;}
]acwftqufqufu olwdkYb0awG[m oufaoawGyg}
]vkyfprf;ygOD;}
]b,facwfval wGukd olw"Ykd r®eYJ tvkyt f auR; jyKz;l ovJ/
yk*?H yif;,? tif;0? uke;f abmif ynma&;wm0ef? use;f rma&;wm0ef?
vlraI &;wm0ef 'guav;xrf;Ny;D vrf;avQmufvmcJw h m txift
½Sm;yJ}
]"mwf½u kd ?f "mwfqif? aA'if? aq;0g; 'gawGausmMf um;wmyJ}
]olwdkYynmudk olwdkYawmif roHk;Mubl;}
]bmjzpfvv Ykd ?J olwvYkd yk af eMurSmaygY}
]vkyw f ikd ;f tvkyaf c:rvm;}
]b,fvdkvJ}
]vkyaf yrJY bmrSrjzpfvsif rvkyw f myJ}
]rjzpfb;l ajymEdik o f vm;}
]tif;}
]b,fvdkajymrvJ}
]olwt Ykd vky&f UJ &v'fuwpfcw k nf; ½Sw d ,f/ tJ'g edAmÁ efy}J
]tJ'gudrk &vsif rvkyw f myJaygY}
][kwfw,f}

ÓPuxm 1037
126/ rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd ? a½Tjrifwifawmifü rd;k n§i;f NrKd UrS

rMunfNrKd it
f m; ½SiÓ
f Pajymaom bduL© eDov D pum;
]rMunfNrKd if tck cifAsm; oDv½Sijf zpfomG ;NyaD emf}

][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]cifAsm; oDv½Sijf zpf&zdYk usKyq
f rD mS awmif;qdck w hJ m MumcJvY S
NyD [kwfvm;}
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]cifAsm;udk usKyf oDv½Siv f yk rf ay;cJb h ;l }
][kwyf gw,f bk&m;}
]tckom cifAsm;u usKycf iG rhf jyKwMhJ um;xJu cifAsm;tareJY
cifAsm;[m oDv½Sifvkyfawmhr,fvkdY tdrfutNyD;xGufvmcJhNyDrdkY
usKyvf yk af y;&wmom jzpfw,f/ tJ'g [kww f ,f r[kwyf gvm;}
]bkef;BuD;rjiif;Edkifatmif wynfhawmfvnf; vkyf&wmyg
bk&m;}
][kwNf y?D cifAsm;udk bmaMumifh oDv½Sif vkyrf ay;cJw h mvJ
od&JUvm;}
]rodygbl; bk&m;}
]tcsufESpfcsuf½Sdw,f}
]bmawGvJ bk&m;}
]oDv½Sib f 0[m tcef;u@ r½Sb d ;l / 'gèwpfcsuyf /J aemuf
wpfcsuu f oDv½Si&f UJ oDv[m bduL© eDov D avmuftxd vkyaf y;

1038 ÓPuxm
csiwf ,f/ 'gayrJY tJonfavmuf cifAsm;u vkyEf idk w f t hJ &nftaoG;

r½So
d vdjk zpfw,f/ tJ'g wpfcsuyf }J
]wynfhawmfu b,fvdkt&nftaoG;r½SdwmvJ bk&m;}
]bduL© eDov D awGukd tjynft h 0 vdu k ef mcsiaf umif;rS vdu k f
emcsirf mS qdw
k m cifAsm;qDrmS jrifae&w,f}
]bduL© eDov D [m o'¨gw&m;eJY aqmufwnf&rSmawG jzpf
w,f/ ,HkMunfcsufeJY vdkufem&rSmawGaygY/ acwftaeeJYMunfhvsif
t"dygÜ ,fvnf; ½Sad umif;rS½rdS ,f/ 'gayrJY rusiv hf sif 'gawGvnf;
rjiif;rS aumif;rSmawG jzpfw,f}
][kwrf mS yg bk&m;}
]cifAsm;u tJonfavmuf o'¨gw&m; ½Sad umif;rS½rdS vm;
qdw
k m jrifae&w,f}
]cifAsm;u vlb Y 0rSm aps;onfwpfa,muftjzpf OD;aqmif
usiv f nfvmcJo h l jzpfawmh tvkyjf zpfzu Ykd ykd J a½SU½Irnfyh kH ½Sw d ,f}
]tJ'g y"meyJ r[kwv f m; bk&m;}
]tzGUJ tpnf;ydik ;f qdik &f m pnf;rsO;f qdw k m onfvv kd yk vf Ykd r&
bl;/ tajctae t&yf&yfawGeYJ pyfrad tmif owfrw S x f m;&wmawG
ygw,f/ tJ'gawG[m trsm;eJY nDñw G rf u I kd iJu h u G Nf y;D usi&hf wmyJ}
]tckawmh tzGUJ tpnf; r½Sb d ;l aygh}
]tck r½Sad yrJY onfpnf;rsO;f u tzGUJ pnf;rsO;f yJ/ Ny;D awmh

ÓPuxm 1039
vnf; aemifvnf; tzGUJ u r½Sv d mbl;vdYk rajymEdik b f ;l yJ/ onfawmh

t"dygÜ ,foo d d rodod pnf;rsO;f ½Sv d sif tJonfpnf;rsO;f udk acgif;ñTwf
vku d ef mr,fvt Ykd xd ESrd chf spw d ½f rdS S jzpfrmS yJ}
]tckawmh usKyw f u
Ykd awmh cifAsm;udk onfèoDvay;cJNh y/D
usKyftaeeJY ay;cJYwmawmif r[kwfbl;/ usKyfwdkYtpktaeeJY ay;chJ
wmyJ}
]cifAsm;u 'gudk tustaysmufr½Sad tmif ,lEikd v f sif &rSmyJ/
r,lEikd vf sif cifAsm;r&rSmbJ}
]wifyg bk&m;/ oDv½Sit f cef;u@ rSed w f mtaMumif; ajym
ygOD;bk&m;}
]oDv½Sit f cef;u@ arS;rSed w f ,f qdw k muawmh oDv½Sif
qdwk m bke;f Bu;D vdk &yf½mG awG&UJ tud;k uG,cf rH jzpfb;l / pm;0wfaea&;
wm0ef,o l v l nf; r½Sb d ;l / vlru I pd aö wGrmS vkyo f ifw
Y hJ wm0efay;cH&
wm r½Sdbl;aygY}
]a½S;tcgu bduL© eDu bmwm0efawG ½Srd vJb&k m;}
]a½S;u bduL© eDuawmh bduL© eJrY jcm;yJ/ bduL© uvnf; tck
vdk r[kwb f ;l / ud, k [
hf mud, k f qGr;f cHpm;/ vkyif ef;u bk&m;çw&m;
awG vnfa[mwmyJ? bduL© eDuvnf; onfvykd /J onfawmh tcef;
u@csi;f twlwyl }J
]tck bke;f Bu;D &JUtcef;u@u tJonfvkd r[kwaf wmhb;l
aygY bk&m;}

1040 ÓPuxm
]bduL© uawmh acwfpum;eJaY jymif;vsif tmPm&oGm;Nyv D Ykd

ajym&rvdak ygh}
]bduL© eDu oDv½Siyf jJ zpfaewmvm; bk&m;}
][kww f ,f/ bmtcef;u@rS r½Sb d ;l / 'gaMumifh oDv½Sif
vkyrf ay;csib f J vkyaf y;w,fqw kd m t"dygÜ ,f½rdS S r[kwv f m;/ t"d
yÜg,f½adS tmif tcef;u@vnf; zGirhf ay;Edik af o;bl;}
]wynfah wmfuvmawmh rvTo J mvdYk vkyaf y;vdu k &f wmaygY
bk&m;}
][kww f ,fèrMunfNrKd iu
f usKyw f tYkd wGuf aus;Zl;awGtrsm;
Bu;D yJ jyKco hJ yl }J
]bmawGjyKvdkYvJ bk&m;}
]usKyb f 0rSm usKyrf cd if[m usKyb f ek ;f Bu;D b0 &yfwnfEikd af &;
rSm ulncD w hJ hJ wpfO;D wnf;aom yk*Kd¾ vyf gyJ/ olt Y ulujkd zwfNy;D awm
xGucf w hJ ,f/ b,forl S ulorl ½Sd oavmufxu J ygyJ}
]tJonftcsed rf mS b,fv&kd yfwnfaevJ bk&m;}
]jzpfovdkyJ/ qGrf;çouFef;avmufuawmh ryl&bl; r[kwf
vm;}
]tJ'g jynfph o kH vdk oGm;vmwmvnf; bke;f Bu;D oGm;vmae
wmyJ r[kwfbl;vm;}
][kwyf gw,f/ 'gayrJY wpfpw kH pfck vdw k m½Svd sif ajymp&mvl
&,fvYkd wpfpw kH pfa,mufrS ½Srd aecJb h ;l aygY}
]bke;f Bu;D aemifawmfBu;D ½Sad ewmyJ}

ÓPuxm 1041
]½Syd gw,f/ wm0efr,lwmudk olwu G w f mod&awmh pdwu f ek f

oGm;ygw,f}
]tpfru wm0efr,lvv Ykd m;}
]tpfru,lr,f ajymygw,f/ r,lygeJY aemifawmfBuD;u
ac:xm;wm ol,&l rSmaygYvYkd ajymNy;D jiif;xm;wm/ 'gawGxm;yg
awmh}
]wynfah wmfuawmh ud, k q
hf &mqdNk y;D bmrSvw kd m rjzpfap
csiwf mygyJ/ bmrSawmh tvSLBu;D vnf; ray;Edik yf gbl;}
]usKyb f 0rSm usKyt f aruvGv J sif usKyu f kd wm0eft,lq;kH
[m cifAsm;? wefz;kd taeeJY rsm;csirf rS sm;r,f/ axmifah phraI wmh t½Sd
qHk;jzpfygw,f}
]wynfah wmf apwemyg bk&m;}
]tJ'gawG aumif;ygw,f/ 'gayrJY cifAsm;u nmOfq;kd csif
w,f/ tJ'gu cifAsm;udk usKyèf &atmifrjyifEikd b f ;l / cifAsm;[m
cifAsm; jyif,&l vdrrhf ,f}
]BuKd ;pm;ygr,f bk&m;}
]cifAsm;&wJh oDv[m bk&m;vufxufu bduL© eDawG&wJh
oDvyJ/ onfov D awGeaYJ evsif bduL© eDrjzpfb;l - b,foal jymajym
onfov D tusihf raumif;bl;-vdYk b,forl S rajymEdik b f ;l / odum© qdk
wm usiw hf o hJ &l wm yJ/ cifAsm;bduL© eDou d m© usiv hf sif cifAsm; bduL© eD
odu©m½Sd jzpfrSmyJ/ cifAsm;u bdu©LeDvdkY todtrSwfjyKcHcsifwm
rvkyfeJY}

1042 ÓPuxm
]rvkyyf gbl; bk&m;}

]cifAsm;uusifhzdkYyJ/ usifhvdkY bdu©LeDodu©m½SdwmaMumifh
bduL© eDvYkd todtrSwf jyKwmu wjcm;olawG&UJ tvkyyf /J tJ'g
em;vnfyg}
]em;vnfygr,f bk&m;}

002 NyarnaKatharallportions

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002 NyarnaKatharallportions

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ÓPuxm 1

(udk,fwdkifzwf½IavYvm okawoejyK avYusifY&eftwGuf ul;,lygonf? wpfqifY jzefYa0cGifYrjyK)

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1/ ynm½Sw d tYkd m; pum;

pum;udk vlawG wpfoufv;Hk ajymaeMuwmyJ/J 'gayrJY quf

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onfpum;rsKd ; wpfoufwmvk;H wpfv;Hk jynhaf tmif ajym

'gaMumifY a½S;vlawGu pum;ukd "m;ESiYf OyrmaqmifMu

usr;f awGç*efawG pmayawG[m xifusecf w YJ pYJ um;vdYk ajym&

r½Sd&bl;aygY/ jrefrmh vlYabmifordkif;0ef;usifrSm qef;opfodjrif

a½S;tcgu b,fb&k ifBu;D ajymcJw Y pYJ um;qdNk y;D ud, k yf ikd f

tkycf sKyaf &;ynm&yf? use;f rma&;ynm&yf? vlraI &;ynm&yf?

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NyD/ uAsmrSm &wk? &uef? tJ? tef? vuFm trsdK;rsdK;eJY jyZmwfoDcsif;

uke;f abmifacwfuawmY onfaeYe;D aeNyq D akd wmh jrefrmpm

onfpmawGxrJ mS bk&ifpum;? 0efpum;? t&yfpum;? rif;

onfaeYacwfjzpfwYJ uke;f abmifacwftqk;H u onfuaeY

yk*HacwfavmufrSm udk,fydkifpum;vdkY ajym&avmufwJY

onfpum;[m t&d,mtodu, kd wf ikd ½f o

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rGeaf &;ovm;awmY rodb;l / a&;ol[m ud, k yf ikd pf um;eJaY &;wm

aemufxyfvnf; ud, k yf idk af jymoGm;wJY pum;av;cGe;f

uke;f abmifacwfrmS ajymwJo Y el YJ ud,

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onfpum;udk olt Y arGqufcw H YJ 'kw,d a½Tusio f moem

t*Fvyd af cwf ud, k yf idk pf um;ajymoluawmY aMumifyef;

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azmf oHCmawGukd taygif;tazmftjzpfu pGev

zqyvacwfrmS ud, k yf idk pf um; ajymwJY yXrolu ausmuf

t½lyw&m;rSm ]oEÅarwH yPDwarwH}-qdw k YJ w&m;t

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aemuf udk,fydkifpum; ajymolu awmifwGif;BuD;NrdKU ewfrSD

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ud, k 0Yf ef;usiu

tqdu k ]ynm½St d m; pum;}-wJ/Y pum;awGu tESprf aYJ wG

(udk,fwdkifzwf½IavYvm okawoejyK avYusifY&eftwGuf ul;,lygonf? wpfqifY jzefYa0cGifYrjyK)

]ÓPuxm}-[m ]ÓP}-&JU wefz;kd tedrt Yf jrifu

ÓPuxmajymolukd jrefrmESpf 1300jynf&h UJ ok;H v?ok;H &uf?

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(udk,fwdkifzwf½IavYvm okawoejyK avYusifY&eftwGuf ul;,lygonf? wpfqifY jzefYa0cGifYrjyK)

(udk,fwdkifzwf½IavYvm okawoejyK avYusifY&eftwGuf ul;,lygonf? wpfqifY jzefYa0cGifYrjyK)

(u) ig;ESpt f ½G,uf pum;

(c) q,fEpS t f ½G,uf pum;

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]wdbYk &k m;awmif wpfoo H &mvk;H rSm bke;f Bu;D b0&zl;wm

(udk,fwdkifzwf½IavYvm okawoejyK avYusifY&eftwGuf ul;,lygonf? wpfqifY jzefYa0cGifYrjyK)

6/ ud&k ifÓP&JU tawG;pum;rsm;

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7/ bk&m;udak jymaom ud&k ifÓPpum;

onf todtjrifpum; rSm;aMumif; ud&k ifuav; ½SiÓ f P

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