Worksheet

Answers
1-01 Brainstarters 1
1 52
2 a 5 b 7 3 5x 23
4 35 5 horizontal
6 x 42 7 a 50x
5
y
3
b 3
8 a A = pr
2
9 a 360 b 720
10 2h k(k 4) 11 13 cm 12 14 h 50 mins
13 a -9 b 3 c 1
1
15
d
4
15
e
4
15
f 1
2
3
g 2 : 5 h 7 : 4
14 0.0358 15 a 64 b 16 16 50
17 0.1
_
6 18 9 km 19 $750
20 a 2.4 b 3600 c 0.2 d 32
21 52 000 22 69 beats/min 23 $96
24 27 25 3
3
5
26 12
1
2
%
Challenge: 10 100
1-02 Fractions without
calculators
1 a
7
3
b
22
5
c
65
7
2 a 1
3
8
b 8
1
6
c 6
3
5
3 a 9 b 8 c 49 d 48
e 1 f 13
4
16
24
;
15
24
, other answers possible
5 a
9
5
b 7 c
4
13
6 a 17, 18 or 19 b 25, 26, 27, 28 or 29
c 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 or 44
7 a
2
5
,
1
2
,
3
4
b
11
15
,
5
6
,
9
10
8 a
7
9
b
3
11
c 1
1
4
d
9
10
e
5
12
f
11
36
g 6
1
10
h 1
11
30
9 a
12
35
b
3
10
c 1
2
3
d
25
81
e
1
27
f 1
1
11
g 14
2
5
h 15
3
4
10 a $13 b $96 c $115 d $96
1-03 Wheres the point?
1 a 26 400 b 27.9 c 4 320.72 d 635 400
e 38.83 f 0.612 g 3.1 h 0.9
i 0.031 j 612 000
2 a 1330 b 3.04 c 2209.2 d 184 100
e 980 f 140 g 0.7 h 2630
i 8.4 j 8.4
3 a 1.2 b 9.36 c 0.51 d 234
e 0.004 f 153 g 2.88 h 5.616
i 3672 j 0.3672
4 a 0.27 b 4500 c 0.26 d 810
e 0.78 f 0.005 g 6.3 h 11.34
i 6300 j 3276
2
Round: to 3 significant figures to 2 significant figures to 1 significant figure
a 12.47 12.5 13 10
b 0.3837 0.384 0.38 0.4
c 8461 8460 8500 9000
d 77.832 77.8 78 80
e 84 925 84 900 85 000 90 000
f 5.904 92 5.90 5.9 6
1-04 Significant figures
1 a 4 b 5 c 1 d 3 e 2 f 3 g 6 h 5
i 4 j 3 k 4 l 3 m 2 n 1 o 4 p 3
162 NEWCENTURY MATHS 10: STAGES 5.2/5.3
1-05 Percentages without
calculators
1 a
7
10
b
3
25
c
2
5
d
1
3
e
1
20
f
3
4
2 a 0.18 b 0.09 c 0.65 d 0.2
e 0.125 f 0.883
3 a 25% b 20% c 66
2
3
% d 90%
e 12
1
2
% f 60%
4 a $65 b $11 c $48 d $4.50
e $9 f $149.60 g $2.55 h $140
5 a $336 b $54.60 c $200 d $756
6 A
7 a 20% b 75% c 33
1
3
% d 12%
e 12.5% f 80%
8 a 3.2 L b $3.60 c 40 min d $7.50
e 0.6 f 3.75 kg g $3 h $385
9 B
10 a $142.50 b $69.30 c $50 d $385
11 64 12 D 13 $300
14 a 60% b 25% c 12
1
2
% d 20%
e 12
1
2
% f 80%
15 B 16 $300 17 $74.80 18 62
1
2
%
19 60 20 $63 21 $580
3
Round: to 5 significant figures to 4 significant figures to 1 significant figure
a 38.0721 38.072 38.07 40
b 0.062 879 3 0.062 879 0.062 88 0.06
c 543.7003 543.70 543.7 500
d 9803.715 9803.7 9804 10 000
e 682 042 682 040 682 000 700 000
f 2 523 791 2 523 800 2 524 000 3 000 000
4
Expression Unrounded answer No. of significant figures
Answer correct to
2 significant figures
a 9.7 0.43 4.171 4 4.2
b
31:773

26:01
p
6.23 3 6.2
c 35 946 33 110 4 33 000
d 109.48 0.805 136 3 140
e
365:028
12:3 4:7
48.03 4 48
5
Expression
No. of significant figures in
each value in exp.
Unrounded answer
Answer correct to n
significant figures
a 8.25 4.17 3 34.4025 34.4
b
22:61
0:4844
4 46.676 300 58 46.68
c 58

810
p
2 1 650.708 939 1700
d (7.43)
2
3 55.2049 55.2
e 0.063 12 49.85 4 3.146 532 3.147
f 2 600 000 45 2 57 777.777 78 58 000
163 ANSWERS
22 a $20 b 4%
23 900 24 30% 25 15%
1-06 No calculators
1 a 7:10pm b 9:45am
2 a 1540 h b 0025 h
3 a 56 b 436 c 132 d 86
4 a 96 b 462
5 a $150 b $165 c $16 d $6.60
6 8.4
7 a 93 b 140 c 460 d 72
e $24.70 f $43.80
8 a
9
10
b 3 : 5 c
3
8
d 11 : 7
9 4.89, 4.809, 4.098, 4.089
10 a 74 b 62 c 208 d 120
11 a $90 b $90 c $10.50 d $18
12 6:55pm
13 a 2200 b 90 c 260
14 a 8.91 b 5940 c 2.7 d 27
15 200
16 a 450 b 16 c 675 d 176
e 612 f 1188
17
3
8
18 7 hours 35 minutes
19 a 110 b 240 c 800 d 14
e 16 f 14
20 $3500
21 a 20 b 33 c 5 d 2
22 a 2.6 b 26 c 6240 d 6.24
1-07 Scientific notation
1 a 4:213 10
7
b 1:81 10
-2
c 3:4 10
3
d 2 10
4
e 3:5 10
-3
f 2 10
-4
g 3:3 10
-1
h 4 10
-3
i 2:3 10
2
j 7:23 10
-5
k 6:1 10
8
l 8 10
-8
2 a 740 000 b 0.312 c 1850
d 0.000 66 e 0.002 54 f 475 100 000
g 0.078 h 300 i 0.054 87
j 32 160 k 0.082 l 6 020 000
3 a 4:7 10
-4
b 6:211 10
12
c 3:94 10
9
d 2 10
-5
e 7:035 10
-10
f 8:6 10
16
4 a 24 000 000 b 0.000 000 03 c 7510
d 0.000 064 2 e 0.000 000 000 915
f 81 620
5 1:2 10
10
years 6 4 500 000 000 years
7 0.000 000 03 mm
8 152 600 000 km
9 1:27 10
4
km
10 0.000 001 m 11 9 461 000 000 m
12 7:8 10
-7
m 13 0.000 000 142
14 a 6 10
9
, 1:9 10
7
b 0.317%
1-08 Ratio problems
1 a 2 : 5 b 7 : 3 c 3 : 2 d 2 : 3
e 1 : 5 f 1 : 12 g 10 : 3 h 6 : 25
2 450 mL 3 2 : 3 4 $42
5 24 750 cm or 247.5 m 6 7 : 9 7 3 : 35
8 cordial 100 mL; water 350 mL
9 24 cm
10 a 704 b 88
11 1 : 9000 12 Bulldogs 23 140; Raiders 21 360
13 252 14 420 mL
15 Cindy $140; Carmen $112 16 135
17 cricket 7 227 290; tennis 4 129 880 18 7 : 2
19 $5100 : $8500 20 19 cm
21 living 93 m
2
; sleeping 62 m
2
22 45
23 petrol 3.75 L; oil 1.25 L
24 wins 24; losses 15
25 cement 8 kg; sand 20 kg
1-09 Rates problems
1 66 words/min 2 plumber 3 $33.60
4 a 140 L b 6
5 2.4 cm/week 6 25
1
2
min 7 5.2 L/min
8 18 cents/min 9 2.71 persons/km
2
10 9.1 L/100 km 11 $20.44 12 7
1
2
hours
13 98 c/L
14 a $6.50 b $5.72
15 a 1680 kWh b 18.3 kWh
16 34 cents/min 17 105 L/min
18 16 min 19 3.68c
20 $1.60
21 a 250 008 b 135 421
22 12
1
2
min 23 3.75 runs/over 24 $2.64
25 a 77.35 kL b $70.39
26 20 m/s 27 480 km
164 NEWCENTURY MATHS 10: STAGES 5.2/5.3
1-10 Numbers crossword
Across:
2 gradient 5 grouping
7 fraction 9 estimate
12 negative 14 exponent
16 denominator 20 places
23 significant 24 Fibonacci
26 recurring 28 equivalent
29 ratio 30 ascending
Down:
1 power 3 integer
4 rate 6 decrease
8 average 10 hundred
11 consumption 13 enlargement
15 numerator 17 terminating
18 descending 19 reciprocal
21 stationary 22 scientific
25 density 27 hour
2-01 Brainstarters 2
1 2
16
25
3 a 13.25 b 12
4 6ab 5 115

6 x 576
7 + 58

51
0
8 x 47
9 a 8.94 units b -2
10
5b
a
11
5
6
12 7% 13 10
14 a b
15 a 37.70 cm b 113.10 cm
2
16 a 384 cm
2
b 512 cm
3
17 a 10 000 b 1000
18 a triangular prism b 5
c rectangle, triangle d 45 cm
3
19 a 84.82 b 113.10
20 A
1
2
a bh
21 a rhombus b 38.5 cm
2
22 220 cm 23 7 cm
24 Prism has uniform cross-section, side faces of pyramid
meet at a point
25 8 m
26 a 15 cm
2
b 12 cm
2
c 13.96 cm
2
27 6 cm
Challenge:
2
3
2
16
25
6 x = 576 7 58

51
0
2-02 Area ID
2 A 36 cm
2
3 A 10 cm
2
4 parallelogram, A bh 48 cm
2
5 triangle, A
1
2
bh 25 cm
2
6 square, A s
2
36 cm
2
7 circle, A r
2
28:27 cm
2
8 trapezium, A
1
2
a bh 68 cm
2
9 rhombus, A
1
2
xy 6 cm
2
10 parallelogram, A bh 15 cm
2
11 rectangle, A lb 28 cm
2
12 triangle, A
1
2
bh 27 cm
2
13 kite, A
1
2
xy 16 cm
2
14 circle, A r
2
78:54 cm
2
15 square, A s
2
64 cm
2
16 trapezium, A
1
2
a bh 27:5 cm
2
17 triangle, A
1
2
bh 10:5 cm
2
18 rhombus, A
1
2
xy 22:5 cm
2
19 circle, A r
2
50:27 cm
2
20 parallelogram, A bh 18 cm
2
21 trapezium, A
1
2
a bh 34 cm
2
22 semi-circle, A
1
2
r
2
76:97 cm
2
23 kite, A
1
2
xy 22 cm
2
24 sector of a circle, A

360
r
2
16:76 cm
2
2-03 Apage of prisms and cylinders
1 56 cm
3
, 100 cm
2
2 502.65 cm
3
, 351.86 cm
2
3 91.13 cm
3
, 121.5 cm
2
4 72 cm
3
, 114 cm
2
5 1560 cm
3
, 1020 cm
2
6 791.68 cm
3
, 490.09 cm
2
7 1920 cm
3
, 1088 cm
2
8 336 cm
3
, 320 cm
2
9 1092 cm
3
, 740 cm
2
10 1296 cm
3
, 720 cm
2
11 6361.73 cm
3
, 1922.65 cm
2
12 570 cm
3
, 554 cm
2
13 540 cm
3
, 600 cm
2
14 342 cm
3
, 256 cm
2
15 1049.68 cm
3
, 827.14 cm
2
16 2646 cm
3
, 1218 cm
2
17 240 cm
3
, 272 cm
2
18 593.76 cm
3
, 527.79 cm
2
19 364 cm
3
, 300 cm
2
20 343.23 cm
3
, 287.10 cm
2
165 ANSWERS
2-05 A page of solid shapes
1 54 cm
2
, 27 cm
3
2 46 cm
2
, 15 cm
3
3 100.53 cm
2
, 75.40 cm
3
4 64 cm
2
, 28 cm
3
5 576 cm
2
, 512 cm
3
6 222 cm
2
, 132 cm
3
7 294 cm
2
, 343 cm
3
8 716 cm
2
, 1280 cm
3
9 150.80 cm
2
, 100.53 cm
3
10 472 cm
2
, 360 cm
3
11 240 cm
2
, 180 cm
3
12 1320 cm
2
, 2880 cm
3
13 360 cm
2
, 400 cm
3
14 240 cm
2
, 264 cm
3
15 113.10 cm
2
, 113.10 cm
3
16 678.58 cm
2
, 1017.88 cm
3
17 37.70 cm
2
, 16.76 cm
3
18 314.16 cm
2
, 523.60 cm
3
19 628.32 cm
2
, 1005.31 cm
3
20 276.46 cm
2
, 385.37 cm
3
2-06 Back-to-front problems 1
1 l 7 cm 2 h 2 cm
3 h 4 cm 4 s 7 cm
5 h 12 m 6 r 4 cm
7 h 13 cm 8 r 8 cm
9 h 13 mm 10 h 3 m
11 h 14 cm 12 s 3:8 cm
13 r 4:5 cm 14 h 15 mm
15 s 30 mm 16 h 25 cm
2-08 Investigating paper sizes
4 a A10 b A6 c A7 d A5
6 a 6 cm
2
b no c 4 d area 9
9 a A0 b A1 c A2
11 a 16 b 256 c 1024
12 a 2 b 8 c 64
13 a 64 b 4 c 8
14 a 4 b 32 c 8
2-10 Surface area and volume
crossword
Across:
2 length 3 square
6 perpendicular 8 height
10 radius 12 hemisphere
14 closed 16 diameter
17 cone 20 apex
22 rectangular 23 capacity
24 open 25 surface
26 pi 27 net
28 triangular 29 volume
Down:
1 slant 3 sphere
4 prism 5 oblique
6 parallelepiped 7 cross section
9 trapezoidal 11 squared
13 Pythagoras 15 formula
16 dimension 18 semicircle
19 composite 21 pyramid
23 cubed
3-01 Brainstarters 3
1 2000 2 $2242.31
3 n 1 4 area of a rhombus/kite
5 $625 6 (2m 3)(m 5)
7 108
8 a 3a 7 b
p
2
5
9 6.28 cm
2
10 t

r 3
p
11 x 2
1
2
12 SSS, SAS, AAS, RHS
13 x = 19 14 502.65 cm
2
15 a 2 b 64 c 4 d 3 e 30 f
4
9
16

2:25
p
, 0.16

, 3.51
17 8 and 9
18 a 3pr 3p
2
b 36k
2
25
c 9x
2
6xy y
2
d 2x
2
7x 4
19 a 4 and 16 b 25 and 49
20 a 18a
4
b
7x
4
6
c 3 d
4
m
2
e 32d
10
f a
21 a 25 and 3 b 16 and 5 or 4 and 20
22 a false b true
23

58
p
units
Challenge:

2
p
: 1
3-02 Surds
1 a

7
p
,

3
p
b

100
3
p
,

10
p
c p, 0.219 37. . . d

28
p
2 a 4, 5 b 9, 10 c 6, 7 d 7, 8 e 3, 4 f 5, 6
166 NEWCENTURY MATHS 10: STAGES 5.2/5.3
3 a 25 b 7 c 10 d 8
e 12 f 4 g 11 h 2
4 a 10 b 10 c 30 d 30 e 12
f 12 g 28 h 28 i 9 j 9
5 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100
6 a 3

5
p
b 3

2
p
c 4

3
p
d 10

3
p
e 5

3
p
f 2

3
p
g 2

2
p
h 7

2
p
i 2

6
p
j 4

5
p
k 6

3
p
l 2

7
p
7 a 11

7
p
b 6

3
p
c 4

5
p
d

11
p
e 9

6
p

10
p
f 6

2
p
2

3
p
g 5

2
p
h 4

3
p
i 2

5
p
j 8

3
p
3-04 Newtons method
1 3 and 4 2 3.166 667
3 3.162 281 4 3.162 278, 3.162 278
5 Answers equal 6 7 and 8
3-05 Simplifying surds
3.141 592 653 589
793 238 462 643
3-06 Surds code puzzle
1 N 2 C 3 A 4 N
5 I 6 H 7 B 8 K
9 A 10 G 11 P 12 O
13 Q 14 W 15 R 16 T
17 L 18 M 19 D 20 F
21 U 22 Y 23 E 24 S 25 O
Because they are irrational and go on and on without any
clear pattern.
3-07 Multiplying and dividing
surds
1 a

6
p
b

77
p
c 4 d 2

5
p
e 3

2
p
f 8 g 10 h 3

1
p
4
i 75 j 16

3
p
k 36 l 40

3
p
m 6

5
p
n 14

1
p
4 o 45

2
p
2 a 2

3
p
6 b 8 4

5
p
c 6

2
p
30 d 6

7
p
6

3
p
e 4

5
p
5 f 6 2

2
p
g 5

6
p
2

3
p
h 7

3
p

6
p
i 4

5
p
6

2
p
j 40

6
p
30

2
p
k 9 18

3
p
l 10

10
p
25

2
p
3 a 13 6

5
p
b 10

2
p
c 5

3
p
1 d 16

10
p
53
e 1 f 18
g 4 h 5 3

2
p
i 31 10

6
p
j 5 2

6
p
k 18 8

2
p
l 29 12

5
p
4 a

3
p
3
b
2

5
p
5
c

6
p
d 5

7
p
e
7

5
p
10
f
12
5

3
p
g
5

2
p
3
h

1
p
5
3
i

3
p
5
5
j

6
p
4

2
p
4
k
2

10
p
7

2
p
2
l
2

3
p
3

2
p
3
5 a 0.707,

2
p
2
, 0.707 b 1.155,
2

3
p
3
, 1.155
c 2.887,
5

3
p
3
, 2.887 d 0.866,

3
p
2
, 0.866
e 2.858,
7

6
p
6
, 2.858 f 3.828, 2

2
p
1, 3.828
3-08 Rationalising the
denominator
1
5

2
p
2
2

6
p
2
3

1
p
5
3
4

2
p
2
5

6
p
6
5

3
p
0
12
7
2

5
p

15
p
5
8

30
p
3

6
p
6
9 2

3
p
2 10
7

5
p
5
15
11 2

10
p

6
p
12

70
p
3
13
4

2
p

3
p
2
14
7

10
p
15

2
p
30
15
30 6

2
p
23
16

5
p
1
17
3

2
p
2

3
p
2
18
5

6
p

30
p
5
19 2

6
p
3

2
p
20
13 5

2
p
7
3-09 Indices squaresaw
In rows along the tops:
5
6
a
4
b
4
1
1
a
2
; 5
5
ab
4

9
16

1
5
4
2

9
16

a
3
p
4
8
; a
2
a
1
2

a
p
16
1
2
3-10 Surds and indices crossword
Across:
2 negative 5 rational
6 law 8 root
14 zero 15 irrational
18 expand 20 positive
21 factor 22 simplify
24 difference 25 denominator
29 indices 30 notation
31 square 32 exponent
Down:
1 real 3 evaluate
4 binomial 7 approximate
9 fractional 10 integer
11 surd 12 power
13 express 16 quotient
17 expression 19 rationalise
23 product 26 index
27 base 28 cube
167 ANSWERS
4-01 Brainstarters 4
1
1
9
2 20
5
6
m=s
3 a 523.60 cm
3
b 314.16 cm
2
4 A 5
6
5
6
7 2 km
8 a

41
p
b
4
5
9 1 050 000 10 4x
2
12x 9
11 4 : 25 12 12.20
13 6 10
-3
14 a a = 4 b p 1
1
4
c y = 6 d x = 9
15 8
16
1 2 3 4 5 6
d
17 a 2

5
p
b 7

2
p
18 Yes 19 14r 4
20 37, 39, 41
21 a k < -16 b z 4-3
22 a 2 2

6
p
b 3 1

3
p
23
1
0 1 2 3
y = 3x 2
x
y
-1
-1
-2
-3
-2
2
24 110
25 a (x 7)(x 4) b y( y 7)
c (p 3)(5p 1) d 3(w 2)(w 2)
26 x = 3
27 a $240 b 3 hours
28 5, 25
Challenge: 2
4-02 Equations code puzzle
1 N -6 2 F -9 3 Q 8
4 D 3 5 R 2 6 K 4
7 B 7 8 X 1 9 I 9
10 T -4 11 E 10 12 A -1
13 O 18 14 L -8 15 S -3
16 H 11 17 U -5 18 W 5
19 P 6 20 R 16 21 E -7
22 A 12 23 M -2 24 V 15
25 T -10
From their number plates. One reads 4MULA1 while the
other reads EVALU8.
4-04 Testing simultaneous
equations
1 x 1, y 3 2 x -1, y 5
3 x 6, y -3 4 x 5, y 9
5 x 3, y 10 6 x 7, y 25
4-05 Intersection of lines
1 (3, 5) 2 (1, 0) 3 (4, -2) 4 (-2, 6)
4-06 Simultaneous equations
order activity
Elimination method: 8, 14, 6, 5, 17, 12, 1, 9, 19, 18
Substitution method: 10, 3, 15, 20, 13, 21, 2, 16, 14, 6, 5, 11,
7, 4, 19, 18.
4-08 Quadratic equations puzzle
1 W 2 G 3 Q 4 X
5 O 6 C 7 E 8 V
9 H 10 D 11 M 12 P
13 A 14 F 15 U 16 T
17 J 18 I 19 S 20 B
21 O 22 E 23 A 24 T
25 I 26 Y 27 K 28 R
29 L 30 N
Playing this game is like graphing lines and curves on a
number plane. Youve got to look for the intercepts.
4-09 Problems involving
quadratic equations
1 a k 5 b k
2
5k
c 8 and 3 or -8 and -3
2 6 or -7 3 9, 12, 15
4 17, 19 5 8 and 9 or - 8 and - 9
6 a 36 m b 4 m/s
168 NEWCENTURY MATHS 10: STAGES 5.2/5.3
7 5 and 12
8 a 40 m b 25 m
c 5 s
d 1 or 3 s, ball goes up then down
e 2 s, 45 m
9 12 cm
10 a L = 12 W c 2 m and 10 m
d length 6 cm, width 6 cm, a square
4-11 Equations and inequalities
review
1 c = -24 2 d = 12
3 x = 2 4 k >
-13
14
5 d = 2

5
p
6 b = 2
4
13
7 y = -6 or 3 8 a = -93
9 u =
1
2
or -3 10 e 5-
2
3
11 x = 3

2
p
12 n 5
3
5
13 w =
-4

22
p
3
14 r > 14
1
2
15 x = 3, y = 2
16 x = 2, y = -7 17 h
3V
r
2
18 x = 3, y = 1 or x = 7, 17
19 a =
-4
3
; b 10
7
9
or a = 5; b = -23
20 p = -1 or 4
5-01 Brainstarters 5
1
1
25a
2
2 B
3 6 4 3 2y
5 trapezoidal prism
6 a 169.65 cm
3
b 169.65 cm
2
7
5
8
8 k = 10
9 36 10 d 26
2
3
11
0 1 2 3
x
12 11.5%
13 length 125 cm, width 100 cm
14 560 km 15 rectangle
16
17 360
18 SSS, SAS, AA, RHS
19 equilateral
20 a 275 km b 6.5 cm
c 1 : 5 000 000
21
22 a a = 72 b y = 110
c p = 240 d e = 60
e u = 45 f x = 135
23 8
24 a false b true c false
25 25, 25
26 a AAS b TQ
27 a J b d 32
1
2
Challenge:
x
x
x
x
x
Other solutions possible
5-02 Naming quadrilaterals
2 a true b true c false d true e true
3 a true b false c false d false e false
4 a false b false c true d false e false
5 a false b true c false d true e false
6 a parallelogram, rhombus, rectangle, square
b parallelogram, rhombus, rectangle, square
7 a rectangle, square b kite, rhombus, square
c rectangle, square d rhombus, square, kite
e parallelogram, rhombus, rectangle, square
f rhombus, square g rhombus, square
h rhombus, square i rhombus, rectangle
j parallelogram, rhombus, rectangle, square
8 a rhombus b rectangle
c parallelogram d rhombus
e kite f rectangle
169 ANSWERS
g parallelogram h parallelogram
i trapezium j rectangle
5-03 Investigating the
geometrical constructions
C Diagonals bisect each other
D Diagonals bisect the angles of the rhombus
E The axis of symmetry of an isosceles triangle is
perpendicular to the unequal side
F Diagonals cross at right angles
G 1 The axis of symmetry is perpendicular to the unequal
side
2 Opposite sides of a rhombus are parallel
3 ABC AFE 90

(corresponding angles,
DE k BC)
5-04 Angles in polygons
1 a 360

b 720

c 1080

d 1440

2 a 1980

b 2700

c 3240

d 7380

3 a 7 b 11 c 18 d 24
4 b all sides equal, all angles equal
5 a 540

b 108

6 a 90

b 135

c 60

d 120

7 a
90
b
45
c
120
d
60
8 All 360

9 All 360

10 a 72

b 40

c 36

d 22
1
2

11 a 15 b 156

c 360

d 24

e supplementary, angles on a straight line

12 a 9 b 1260

c 40

13 a 20 b 3240

c 162

14 a 10 b 12 c 30 d 16
5-05 Find the missing angle
1 a 155

2 b 60
3 c 75, d 105, e 75 4 f 47
5 g 113, h 67 6 i 100, j 72
7 k 72 8 l 66
9 m 97, n 66 10 p 135
11 q 130, r 50 12 s 72, t 48
13 u 67 14 v 45
15 w 66, x 114 16 y 120, z 60
17 a 112, b 68 18 c 133
19 d 45
20 e 63, f 27, g 27
21 h 114, i 57 22 j 69, k 69
23 l 122, m 58, n 58
24 p 36
5-06 Congruent triangles proofs
1 In DCBA and DCDE, BC = CD, AC = CE,
ACB = DCE, [ DCBA DCDE.
2 In DOBA and DOBC, OA = OC, AB = BC,
OBA = OBC = 90, [ DOBA DOBC.
3 In D ABD and D ACD, AB = AC (given), AD is common,
ADB = ADC = 90 (AD BC),
[ D ABD D ACD (SAS)
4 In DWZY and DWXY, WZ = WX (equal adjacent sides of a
kite), WY is common, ZY = XY (equal adjacent sides of a
kite), [ DWZY DWXY (SSS)
5 In DTRU and DTRQ, TRU = TRQ (TR bisects PRQ),
U = Q = 90 (TU PR, Q angle of square), TR is
common, [ DTRU DTRQ (AAS)
5-07 Congruent and similar
triangle proofs
1 a SSS b RHS
c AAS d SAS
2 SAS 3 SAS, x = 9 cm, y = 35
4 a AAS
b ML = 2 cm, KN = 6 cm
5 a AAS b GH
6 a SSS
b Z = X, ZOY = XOY, ZYO = XYO
c 90
7 a SAS b RHS
c SSS d AA
8 a RHS, x = 24 b AA, x = 8
c AA, x = 5 d SAS, x = 11
5-08 Geometrical proofs order
activity
1 - 17 - 14 - 24 - 22 - 12 - 10, 2 - 23 - 8 - 9 - 18 - 15 - 7 - 14 -
19, 3 - 11 - 20, 6, 16 (in any order) - 5 - 13 - 21
5-09 Complete the proofs
1 a KML
180

90

2
45

angle sum of isosceles KML

170 NEWCENTURY MATHS 10: STAGES 5.2/5.3
b [ PMN = 180 45 = 135
c N
180

135

2
22:5

angle sum of isosceles PNM

2 a (alternate angles, AC k DG)
c [ ABF = x y
d [ BFG = ABF (alternate angles, AC k DG)
e [ BFG = x y
f [ BFG = BEF EBF
3 a DCAB b AC
c DB = BC d common
e [ D DAB D CAB (SSS)
f [ DAB = CAB (matching angles in congruent
triangles)
g [ BA bisects DAC
4 b 90 (angle sum of DWNP)
c TWN = 90 (90 ) =
d TWN e In DPWN and DWTN
f WNT = 90
g TWN
h DWTN (AA)
i
4
WN
(matching sides in similar triangles)
j 36 k 6
5-10 Geometry crossword
Across:
3 ratio 8 nonagon
9 similar 12 quadrilateral
16 bisect 20 matching
25 enlargement 26 SSS
28 exterior 29 symmetry
30 dodecagon 31 interior
32 reduction 33 polygon
Down:
1 pentagon 2 rhombus
3 RHS 4 test
5 right 6 AAS
7 diagonal 10 parallelogram
11 trapezium 13 equilateral
14 obtuse 15 decagon
17 triangle 18 eighty
19 isosceles 21 congruent
22 rotational 23 rectangle
24 geometry 26 square
27 SAS (or SSS)
6-01 Brainstarters 6
1 33.909
2 a 64x
6
b
8
27
3 10d 6 4 Volume of a cone
5 x 4
6 a 2 : 7 b 6 : 5
7 SAS 8 5.4 L/hour
9

20
p
or 2

5
p
units
10 65 cm
2
11 No 12 r 69
13 y 15
14 a 30 b 130 c 3 d 16
e 0.75 f 1.75
15 a
3
25
b
1
8
16 a 0.09 b 0.065 c 0.015 d 0.008
17 23%
18 a $320 b $3.21 c $1725
19 $5382 20 $594 21 $144.45
22 $600 23 $86.50
24 a $2100.15 b $3254.86
25 $756 26 $2349
Challenge: At the end of 12 years
6-02 Percentage shortcuts
1 a 0.12 b 0.73
c 0.05 d 0.4
e 0.186 f 0.08
g 0.031 h 1.22
i 0.0695 j 0.125
k 1.5 l 0.0825
2 a $14.40 b $397.71
c $2.52 d $15.46
e $142.40 f $11 926
g 74c h $4.53
i $53.28 j $130
k $63.72 l $3.83
3 a $90.85 b $37.50
c $179.20 d $360.40
171 ANSWERS
e $24.75 f $414.75
g $82.94 h $255.20
i $408.62 j $47.60
k $572.47 l $91
4 a $27 b $69
c $760 d $152.15
e $77.88 f $377.20
g $5208 h $577.50
i $72.11 j $222.78
k $22.78 l $254.67
5 $437.50
6 a $65.65 b $11.26
c $33
7 $41 544.65
8 a 1.07 b $5350
c $5724.50 d $6125.22
e the size of the investment after n years
6-03 Simple interest
1 a 72 b 108
c 30 d 39
2 a 260 b 416
c 234 d 117
3 a 0.06 b 0.085
c 0.1225 d 0.025
e 0.2 f 0.0505
g 0.035 h 0.0725
4 a 0.011 b 0.0175
c 0.006 875 d 0.0089
5 a 0.000 438 4 b 0.000 260 3
c 0.000 624 7 d 0.000 361 9
6 a $1687.50 b $1581.25
c $1033.60 d $2850
e $452.33 f $1629.36
7 a 6 years b 2
1
2
years
c
3
4
year 9 months d 10 months
8 a $6900 b $10 700
c $22 000 d $34 500
9 a 5% b 4.5%
c 11.2% d 8.25%
10 a $3520 b $10 864.81
c $31 096.92 d $22 393.97
6-04 Compound interest
1 a 48 b 84
c 42 d 15
2 a 0.04 b 0.065
c 0.1325 d 0.0803
e 0.075 f 0.0375
g 0.006 h 0.001 48
3 a 0.01125 b 0.015
c 0.002 625 d 0.009 225
4 a 0.000 411 0 b 0.000 205 5
c 0.000 591 8 d 0.000 458 1
5 a 0.045 b 0.0175
c 0.025 625 d 0.038 65
6 a $5832 b $6802.44
c $7346.64
7 a $4908.93 b $19 539.18
c $32 331.19 d $12 989.19
e $22 721.51 f $52 294.04
8 a $1049.91 b $13 928.37
c $6384.43 d $1084.20
9 a $2470.99 b $7166.79
c $12 860.09
10 a $7209.38, $1709.38
b $6372.75, $2927.25
c $31 013.83, $ 11 013.83
d $21 397.28, $ 42 02.72
e $8194.17, $4025.83
6-05 Compound interest table
1 a $6043.20 b $7533.50
c $15 303.75 d $19 701
e $10 114.56 f $26 016.25
g $20 234.90 h $23 155.20
i $10 161.34 j $13 111.90
2 12 years
3 a $7529.40 b $3526.40
c $18 448.64 d $4958.53
e $588.15 f $4801.74
g $2700.84 h $9531.20
i $6174 j $751.53
172 NEWCENTURY MATHS 10: STAGES 5.2/5.3
6-06 Termpayments spreadsheet
1 a $673.35 b $3815.65
c $1030.23 d $4845.88
e $134.61 f $5519.23
6 a decrease b decrease
d $56.42, $3153.52
7 a increase c $140.97
8 c decreases to $108.11, increases to $5862.63
9 a Monthly repayment and total amount paid increase
b Zero repayments, zero interest
c Zero interest
d Monthly repayment decreases, total amount paid
increases
e Same as d f Impossible
6-07 Loan repayments table
1 a $20.28 b $12.00
c $358 d $2969.40
e $443.45 f $165.22
2 a $201.59 b $24 190.80
c $5190.80
3 a $1511.80 b $3679
4 a 25 years b 7%
5 a $1 761.60 b $634 176
c $394 176 d 5.5% p.a.
6 Interest charged for 30 years
7 a No ($3357.50) b Yes ($2088.76)
c Yes ($1698.50)
8 a $2556.80 b 3.2% p.a.
9 DotCom Credit Union
6-08 Reducible interest
spreadsheet
2 $70.34
3 $7343.67, $67.32
17 $420, 22, $832.39; $500, 18, $691.31; $800, 11, $430.04;
$330, 28, $1089.10
18 $372.87
20 10%, 22, $787.90; 8%, 22, $614.97; 15%, 24, $1263.57;
3%, 21, $217.31
21 $600, 59, $8643.23; $650, 53, $7713.07; $1000, 31,
$4442.44; $720, 47, $6710.01; $540, 68, $10 121.39
22 a $880.18 b $697.85
6-09 Credit card statement
1 a 18 Dec b 7 Jan
c 29 Dec
2 a Home art b Myer
c Miranda
3 a $49.90 b $88.75
c $145.40
4 18 Dec, petrol
5 a 2 Jan, Ambarvale b $100
6 Wollongong, most purchases
7 a $2000
b maximum he can borrow on the card
c $1461.94 d 13 Jan
8 a 16.95%
b 0.046 438%
c 16.95 365
9 a made payment on card
b credit
10 a $538.06
b amount owing
c opening balance + purchases payment
11 a $16.14 b minimum amount he has to pay
c 3% d $521.92
12 a 32 days b 25 days
6-10 Saving and borrowing
crossword
Across:
2 monthly 4 price
6 annum 7 deposit
11 term 12 quarterly
14 balance 15 lay by
17 discount 18 interest
22 investment 23 repayment
26 deferred 27 outstanding
31 compound 32 principal
Down:
1 credit 2 minimum
3 bank 5 simple
6 annual 8 purchase
9 reducible 10 depreciation
13 table 16 fortnight
19 statement 20 instalment
21 week 24 rate
25 period 28 loan
29 card 30 flat
173 ANSWERS
7-01 Brainstarters 7
1 0.7

2 $1085 3 1000 4 irrational

5
3

3
p
2
6 29.3 L 7 SA = 2r
2
2rh
8 a 4.105 10
-2
b 4
9 3(3y 1) (3y 1) 10 360
11 25u
2
40u 16 12
4m
5
13 d -1
1
3
or 5 14 x = 16
15 12.5 units
2
16 -3
17 a 4

5
p
units b (0, 3) c -
1
2
18 a x 4
1
2
b y = -3 19 n = -2
20
y
x
5
4
3
2
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
y =0
y =-2
y =-2x
-4 -3 -2
-2
-1 1 2 3 4
1
21 a one pair of opposite sides parallel
b all sides equal c opposite sides equal and
parallel
22 3

5
p
units 23 y = - 4
24 a y =2x 3 b y = 3x 1 c y = -2x 7
25
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
y
y =2x 3
x
Gradient 2,
y-intercept -3
26 a 5
1
2
b 2 c 4
27 Yes
Challenge: circle
7-02 Intervals match-up
7-07 Linear equations match-up
A 1, 13, 22, 29 B 15, 17, 25, 32
C 3, 12, 19, 33 D 4, 9, 18, 28
E 5, 8, 20, 30 F 10, 14, 23, 35
G 7, 24, 27, 34 H 6, 11, 26, 36
I 2, 16, 21, 31
7-08 Geometry problems using
coordinates
Interval 1 2 3
Length

29
p
32
p
5
Gradient
2
5
1 -
3
4
Midpoint (5
1
2
, 3) (4, 7) (2, 2
1
2
)
Interval 4 5 6
Length

80
p
8 13
Gradient -
1
2
0
12
5
Midpoint (1, 4) (-1, 1) (-3
1
2
, 4)
Interval 7 8 9 10
Length

40
p
10

72
p
117
p
Gradient -
1
3
3
4
-1 -
3
2
Midpoint (-1, -1) (0, -2) (4, 2) (0, -
1
2
)
1 b AB 5, BC

90
p
, AC 5
c isosceles d -
1
3
e y 3x 3 f -
1
2
, 1
1
2

g In an isosceles triangle, an interval drawn from the
midpoint of the uneven side to the opposite vertex is
perpendicular to the uneven side
h

10
p
2
2 b
1
2
,3
1
2

c S (2, 6)
3 b Diagonals are equal and bisect each other.
4 c Parallelogram
5 a 1
1
2
, 3
1
2

, -
1
2
, 2

, -2, 4
1
2

f They intersect at the same point.
174 NEWCENTURY MATHS 10: STAGES 5.2/5.3
7-09 A page of lines and regions
1 x = 4 2 y -
x
2
2 3 y = -x 4
4 y = x 4 5 y
x
2
4 6 y 10
5x
2
7 y 5-3 8 y < 2
x
3
9 y 52x 4
10 y >
3x
2
7 11 y 44x 12 y < 5 3x
13 y 42x 7 14 y > -x 15 y 4
x
3
7-10 Graphing non-linear
equations
7-11 Coordinate geometry
crossword
8-01 Brainstarters 8
8-02 Trigonometry review
1 6.62 cm 2 10.78 cm 3 72
4 14 5 9.97 cm 6 5.20 cm
7 13.16 cm 8 79 9 54
10 23 11 16 cm 12 6.13 cm
13 16 14 30 15 6.10 cm
6 b right-angled d 65 units
7 b rhombus c -1, 5
d Diagonals bisect each other at right angles.
e

80
p
4

5
p
,

20
p
2

5
p
.
f

20
p
2

5
p
,

5
p
g 20 units
2
8 b P
1
2
, 1
1
2

, Q 3
1
2
,
1
2

c gradient -
1
3
, LM 2

10
p
, PQ

10
p
.
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
1. y = x
2
9 4 1 0 1 4 9
2. y = x
2
2x 15 8 3 0 -1 0 3
3. y = x
3
- 27 -8 -1 0 1 8 27
4. y = 2
x
0.125 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8
5. y = (
1
2
)
x
8 4 2 1 0.5 0.25 0.125
6.
y =
4
x
2
2
0.36 0.67 1.33 2 1.33 0.67 0.36
Across:
1 parallel 4 cartesian
5 triangle 8 quadrilateral
10 gradient 12 isosceles
16 surd 20 RHS
22 rise 23 equilateral
25 constant 26 nonlinear
27 hypotenuse 29 Pythagoras
30 steepness 31 integer
32 exact
Down:
2 average 3 line
4 coordinates 6 parallelogram
7 interval 9 LHS
11 equation 13 length
14 vertical 15 distance
17 midpoint 18 point
19 horizontal 21 rectangle
24 intercept 28 plane
1 $250 2 8 3 1h 40 min
4
8
11
5 48 m 6 14 + 6

5
p
7 201.84 cm
2
8 $9889.05 9 -
3
4
10
3
(1, 4)
y = x
2
+ 3
11 d = 32 12 k 4
1
3
13 4.5
14 x 11; y 4 15 y -
1
3
x 16
a
b
17 a 1.1276 b 5.7671 c 1
d 0.3420 e 0.3420
18 a same b 40

19 a

3
p
2
b
1

3
p
20 a 30

58
0
b 56

26
0
c 60

d 61

56
0
21 N
E W
S
200
22 a 15.43 b 26.46
23 a 86.24 b 6.47 c 15.17 d 2.30
24 502.51 m 25 20

26 a 10 km b 323

8
0
Challenge: 45

175 ANSWERS
16 9 cm 17 6 18 41
19 3.23 cm 20 12.29 cm 21 39
22 35 23 9.02 cm 24 37
8-03 Bearings match-up
1 18 2 23 3 19 4 14 5 22 6 24
7 17 8 21 9 16 10 15 11 20 12 13
8-04 The exact ratios
1 45 each 2

2
p
3 a
1

2
p b
1

2
p c 1
4 F = G = 60, FEH = GEH = 30
5

3
p
6 a
1
2
b

3
p
2
c
1

3
p
d

3
p
2
e
1
2
f

3
p
7
8 Teacher to check
9 a 60 b 60 c 45
10 true
11 a
1

3
p
b
1

3
p
c 1
d 1 e

3
p
f

3
p
12 true
13 a
r
q
b
p
q
c
r
p
14 Teacher to check
15 a
1

2
p
b -
1
2
c -

3
p
d
1
2
e -

3
p
2
f -1
8-06 Trigonometric calculations
8-08 Finding a missing side
1 3.36 cm 2 8.43 cm 3 6.59 cm
4 4.11 m 5 5.15 cm 6 20.08 cm
7 8.29 m 8 5.16 cm 9 8.84 cm
10 4.54 cm 11 10.44 m 12 3.63 cm
13 5.22 cm 14 9.83 cm 15 10.37 m
16 14.28 cm 17 3 m 18 19.27 cm
19 6.05 cm 20 10.16 km 21 7.58 m
8-09 Finding a missing angle
1 33 2 68 3 58 4 80 5 115
6 124 7 26 8 66 9 17 10 27
11 136 12 137 13 83 14 63 15 125
16 117 17 90 18 90 19 60 20 70
21 88
8-10 Trigonometry crossword
Across:
6 second 9 negative 10 surd
12 theta 14 obtuse 16 minutes
18 supplementary 23 bearing 25 one
26 Pythagoras 27 west 30 WNW
33 elevation 34 degree 36 northwest
38 depression 39 southwest 40 alternate
Down:
1 ESE 2 included 3 half
4 south 5 sine 7 cosine
8 north 11 complementary 13 tangent
15 ENE 17 three 19 trigonometry
20 SSE 21 positive 22 NNW
24 northeast 28 hypotenuse 29 southeast
31 opposite 32 NNE 35 east
37 area
1
2
1

2
p

3
p
2

3
p
2
1

2
p
1
2
1

3
p 1

3
p
1 a 144

13
0
b 150

23
0
c 123

29
0
2 a 0.737 b -0.944 c 13.655
d 1.408 e -4.473 f -1.636
g -11.139 h -35.624 i -11.493
3 a 158

b 139

c 146

d 163

e 110

f 113

4 a
10
3
b
4
9
c 24
d -
3
2
e 3.328 f 5
5 a 0.215 b 67.899 c -0.042 d 3.907
e 0.999 f 102.641 g -0.520 h 2.360
6 a 11.485 b 98.339 c 606.660
Puzzle
1 F 2 W 3 I 4 H 5 A
6 O 7 E 8 K 9 B 10 L
11 Y 12 N 13 G 14 T 15 R
16 S
Both are always looking for the right angles
176 NEWCENTURY MATHS 10: STAGES 5.2/5.3
9-01 Brainstarters 9
1 1 000 000
2
11a
15
3 Equal or bisect each other
4 $80 and $32
5 737:23 cm
3
6 $916
7 y = 36 8 3
9 70
10 d 7
11 $24.50
12 $10 200
13 30
14 a 2.4 m b 34:56 m
2
15 a 4.8 b 4.5 c 4
16 A census surveys whole population, a sample surveys a
part of the population.
17 a 19 b 2
c 4 d 2.42
e
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
Number of TV sets
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1 2 3 4 5
18 a f: 2, 5, 6, 8, 5, 2, 1, 1; cf: 2, 7, 13, 21, 26, 28, 29, 30
b 4 c 4 d 7 e 13
f, g
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
C
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e

f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
Median = 4
No. of people
19 15%
20 64.5
21 a 21 b 64 c 24
d 64 e 11 f 64.62
Challenge: 63 matches, 6 rounds
9-02 Statistics review
1 a discrete b continuous
c discrete d continuous
2 a 4
1
4
b 5 c 5
d 4 e
3
10
3 a 20 b 6.4 c 7
d 7 e 6 f 65%
4 a 24 b 19, 22, 24 c 24
d 26.1 e 48 f
1
2
5 a fx: 4, 12, 21, 32, 25, 36, 130 b 36
c 3.61 d 4
e 4 f
5
18
g 44.4%
6 a cf : 33, 83, 115, 137, 145, 150 b 150
c 2.58 d 2
e 5 f 2
g, h
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
No. of people in car
Median = 2
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
C
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e

f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
177 ANSWERS
9-03 Statistical match-up
9-04 Cumulativefrequencygraphs
1 a
2
3
4
5
6
7
3
2
5
6
7
2
3
5
10
16
23
25
Score Tally f cf
b 25 c 6 d 5 e 5
f
2 3 4 5 6 7
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
C
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e

f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
Hours of TV
g i 5 ii 4 iii 6 iv 2
2 a
b 5 c 8 d 7.5
e
f i 7.5 ii 6 iii 8 iv 2
9-05 Interquartile range
A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B 10 7 6 3 5 4 1 9 8 2
C 7 3 1 9 4 8 6 2 5 10
D 1 3 10 9 2 8 7 4 6 5
5
6
7
8
9
10
2
6
6
9
4
1
2
8
14
23
27
28
Score Tally f cf
5 6 7 8 9 10
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
C
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e

f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
Hours of sleep
Q Median Q
1
Q
3
Interquartile
range
1 15 11 20 9
2 18 13 25
1
2
12
1
2
3 11 5 14 9
4 4 1 9 8
178 NEWCENTURY MATHS 10: STAGES 5.2/5.3
10-01 Brainstarters 10
1 $21 386.70 2 The most common score
3 1 : 5000 4 b 3
5 285 6 n = 3
7 x = 44 8 a 20.47 cm b 26.18 cm
2
9-06 Box-and-whisker plots
1 a i drivers ii passengers
iii drivers iv drivers
b 350 c 80
d 80 e 330
f 80 g consistent, smallest spread
2 a
12 J
12 R
20 30 40 50
Exam marks
60 70 80 90
b 12J did better; higher values in box plot.
c 12J has the greater range, while 12R has the greater
interquartile range, and the greater range if the outlier in
12J is excluded.
d 12J, 28 e 12J
f False. Even if only the bottom 25% of each class are
considered, 12J still outperforms 12R.
Q Median Q
1
Q
3
Interquartile
range
5 22
1
2
20 31 11
6 30 19 40 21
7 64 57 68 11
8 3 2 5 3
9 85 83 88 5
10 30 15 45 30
11 4 3 6 3
12 17 16 19 3
13 7 6
1
2
8
1
2
2
14 20 17 22 5
15 9 8 10 2
16 22
1
2
21 23
1
2
2
1
2
17 50 48 51 3
18 9 9 9 0
19 2 1 3 2
20 6 4 7
1
2
3
1
2
9-08 Statistical calculations
9-10 Analysing data crossword
Across:
3 number 5 outlier
9 fty 10 distribution
13 ve-point 14 continuous
16 cluster 19 average
20 discrete 21 categorical
22 quartiles 28 plot
29 deviation 30 middle
31 whisker 32 stem
33 range
Down:
1 lower 2 centre
4 mean 6 statistics
7 quantitative 8 cumulative
11 interquartile 12 histogram
13 frequency 15 location
17 symmetrical 18 standard
23 upper 24 skewed
25 ogive 26 order
27 mode 29 data
Mean Mode Median Range
IQ
range
SD
14.07 14 14 7 2 1.84
37.83 35 57 19.5 14.84
9.24 9 9 5 2 1.24
2.42 2 2 4 1 1.09
14.5
12, 14,
16, 17
14 5 3 1.83
2.19 2 2 5 2 1.33
74.92
53, 71,
76, 84
76 45 21.5 13.04
4.75 5 5 8 3 2.33
9.75 10 10 8 3 2.33
14.25 15 15 24 9 7.00
6.44 5 5 20 4 5.27
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
179 ANSWERS
9 m
1
m
2
= -1 or m
2
= -
1
m
1
10 x = 5 11 17 units 12 $145.11
13 a
1
2
b 3 14 64%
15 a
2
5
b
1
5
c
3
10
16 a
1
6
b
2
3
c
5
6
17
1
4
18 Teacher to check
19 a 0.55 b
1
6
20 Certain, must happen 21 0.5
22 Reds win, blues win, draw 23
2
5
24 0.02 25
5
8
26 55%
27 a
1
4
b
1
3
c
3
13
d
5
13
28 19.2%
Challenge: 24
10-02 Games of chance
1 a
1
52
b
1
2
c
1
4
d
1
13
e
2
13
f
3
13
g
3
4
h
5
13
i
7
13
2 a
1
24
b
1
24
c
1
12
d
11
12
3 a
1
4
b
3
16
c
1
6
d
1
24
4 a
13
51
b
4
17
c
1
17
d
1
51
5 a
1
6
b 0 c
1
2
d
1
2
e
5
6
f
1
3
6 a
1
7
b
2
7
c
1
7
d
2
7
e
4
7
f
5
7
7 36

8 CASH in any six sectors

10 a
1
37
b
18
37
c
18
37
d
18
37
11 a
12
37
b
3
37
c
12
37
d
6
37
e
4
37
f
24
37
12
10
37
13
14
37
14
28
37
10-03 Coins probability
1
2
3 Each event is not equally likely there are two ways of
getting 1 head.
7
8
9 a 1 and 2 b 0 and 3
15 a 16 b 2
i
ii
iii
iv
1st coin 2nd coin No. of heads
H H 2
H T 1
T H 1
T T 0
No. of heads Probability
Probability (%)
0 1
4
25
1 1
2
50
2 1
4
25
1st coin 2nd coin 3rd coin
No. of
heads
H H H 3
H H T 2
H T H 2
H T T 1
T T T 0
T H T 1
T T H 1
T H H 2
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
viii
No. of heads Probability Probability (%)
0
1
8
12.5
1
3
8
37.5
2
3
8
37.5
3
1
8
12.5
180 NEWCENTURY MATHS 10: STAGES 5.2/5.3
10-04 Dice probability
1
2
10-06 Matching probabilities
1 P 2 A 3 I
4 Z 5 M 6 N
7 O 8 T 9 R
10 Y 11 E 12 K
13 D 14 J 15 U
16 F 17 L 18 A
19 G 20 H 21 Q
22 S 23 U 24 N
25 V 26 X 27 B
28 W 29 E 30 C
No chance at all. Its an Australian slang term, a pun on the
name of an old Melbourne rm Buckleys and Nunn (none).
10-07 Probability review
1 no chance at all
2
4
13
3 a
1
4
b
5
12
c
2
3
4 a
1
26
b
3
13
c
5
13
d
7
13
5
1
2
6 a
3
10
b
1
5
c
13
40
7 a
9
20
b
11
100
c
9
50
8
13
20
9 a 4 b
1
4
c
1
2
10
2
125
11
1
6
12 a
1
5
b
3
5
c
3
5
13 a 12: H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6
b
1
12
c
1
4
14 a
b
1
6
c 5,
1
18
15 a 36% b 48
1
2
%
16 a BBB, BBG, BGB, GBB, BGG, GBG, GGB, GGG
b 37
1
2
%
17
3
7
10-08 Tree diagrams
1 All possible arrangements of boys and girls.
a
1
4
b
1
4
c
1
2
2 3 4 5 6 7
3 4 5 6 7 8
4 5 6 7 8 9
5 6 7 8 9 10
6 7 8 9 10 11
7 8 9 10 11 12
+
Sum Probability Probability (%)
2
1
36
2.78
3
1
18
5.56
4
1
12
8.33
5
1
9
11.11
6
5
36
13.89
7
1
6
16.67
8
5
36
13.89
9
1
9
11.11
10
1
12
8.33
11
1
18
5.56
12
1
36
2.78
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 0 1 2 3 4 5
2 1 0 1 2 3 4
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
4 3 2 1 0 1 2
5 4 3 2 1 0 1
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1st
die
2nd die
181 ANSWERS
2
Science History
0.85
0.15
a 0.595 b 0.045
P
F
F
P
F
P 0.7
0.3
0.7
0.3
PP
PF
FP
FF
Outcomes
3
3
8
3
8
3
8
5
8
P(1 rainy day) =
5
8
5
8
1st day 2nd day Outcomes
R
R
R
R
RR
RR
RR
15
32
R RR
R
4 Adrain Pete Outcomes
H
M
H HH
HM
MH
MM
M
H
M
P(at least one scores) =
14
15
4
5
2
3
1
3
1
5
4
5
1
5
5
R
R RR
RS
SR
SS
S
R
S
S
Outcomes
1st student 2nd student
10
25
15
25
14
24
10
24
15
24
9
24
P(SS) =
7
20
6
S
S
P P
T
S
P
T
T
TT
TP
TS
PT
PP
SS
SP P
T ST
PS S
1st 2nd Outcomes
5
19
6
19
6
19
6
19
6
19
7
19
8
20
6
20
6
20
5
19
8
19
8
19
P(neither are teachers) =
33
95
7 a
1
1225
b
96
1225
c
97
1225
8 B
9 a
1
3
b
2
3
c
1
2
10-09 Investigating combinations
1 20 2 60 3 160
4 a 17 576 b 1000 c 17 576 000
5 1024 6 120 7 720 8 6
9 30 10 20 11 1320 12 10
13 56 14 56 15 3003 16 2 598 960
17 210 18 8 145 060
10-10 Probability crossword
Across:
1 clubs 4 trial
5 decimal or certain 7 sum
11 multiple 13 outcome
14 event 15 probability
18 random 19 not
21 certain or decimal 22 die
23 spinner 25 head
26 favourable 28 simulation
29 experiment 31 occurring
33 percentage 35 cards
36 unlikely 37 chance
Down:
1 coin 2 sample
3 relative 4 tally
6 even 8 likelihood
9 impossible 10 complementary
12 hearts 16 theoretical
17 one 20 frequency
24 diamonds 27 fraction
30 predict 32 spades
34 tail
11-01 Brainstarters 11
1
1

2
p
2
1
8
3 3

3
p
4 198 5 17.05 6 5y
182 NEWCENTURY MATHS 10: STAGES 5.2/5.3
7 4190 cm
3
8 6150 9 rectangle
10 108 11
3
10
12 124
13 $1300, $650, $2600 14 360
15 y = -x 4 16 a 3 b -2 c
2
3
17 a 113 b 22 c 64 d 4
18 C 19 a 36 b 8 c 120
20 a x = -1 or 5 b x = -5 or 1
1
3
21 a 0 b 1 c
1
9
d -17
22 a 60 km/h b 12:30 pm c 150 km
23 a 1 b -2 c -
1
2
24 -
1
5
25 d = 3, h = 6
Challenge: 16 m
11-02 Graphs of change
1 a slowing down b not moving c fast
d going backwards e speeding up f slow
2 a steep b shallow c at
3 a C b B c A
4
H
e
i
g
h
t
Time
steeper than 3C 5 D
6 a C b D c E
d B e A
7 a i E ii A iii C iv D
b
8 rapidly at rst, then slows to a constant rate
H
e
i
g
h
t
Time
9
Time
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
10 a slowing down then stopping
b slowing down
c speeding up (in opposite direction)
d constant speed, stopped, then constant slower speed
11-05 Matching parabolas
1 D 2 A 3 I 4 E 5 H 6 L
7 B 8 P 9 G 10 C 11 F 12 N
13 M 14 K 15 J 16 O
11-06 Features of a parabola
1 1 or 3 9 2 (2, -3) H
2 -1 or -3 -6 -2 (-2, 2) C
3 None 5 2 (2, 1) I
4 2 or -3 -12 -
1
2

-
1
2
, -12
1
2
D
5 -1 1 -1 (-1, 0) B
6 0 or 3 0
3
2

1
1
2
, 2
1
4
E
7 2 or -2 -4 0 (0, -4) A
8 None -2 -1 (-1, -1) G
11-07 A page of parabolas
Possible answers:
1 y = 2x
2
2 y = x
2
2
3 y = x
2
3x 4 y = 4x
2
8x 3
5 y = -
x
2
2
6 y = -x
2
5x
7 y = 3x
2
6x 8 y = -x
2
2x 15
9 y = 2x
2
4x 4 10 y = x
2
2x 1
11 y = x
2
2x 8 12 y = -4x
2
24x 32
13 y = -x
2
4x 4 14 y = x
2
2x 2
15 y = x
2
6x 8
11-11 Matching graphs
1 B 2 I 3 D 4 P 5 L 6 O
7 F 8 C 9 E 10 M 11 K 12 H
13 J 14 G 15 A 16 N
11-12 Graphs crossword
Across:
1 equation 4 radius 5 constant
6 symmetry 7 coordinates 10 intercept
12 horizontal 14 speed 15 variable
16 centre 17 vertical 20 asymptote
21 dependent 22 line 24 concave
25 parabola 26 curve 27 gradient
183 ANSWERS
Down:
2 quadratic 3 origin 6 steepness
7 coefcient 8 exponential 9 quadrant
11 vertex 13 reciprocal 18 cubic
19 hyperbola 23 rate
12-01 Brainstarters 12
1
1
2
2 -

3
p
3 SSS, SAS, AA, RHS 4 r -2
4
7
5 a 251.33 cm
2
b 3.75 c 38.26 cm
2
6 1.6% 7
d
3
8c
6
8
x
y
2 1 -1 -2
-1
1
2
4
5
6
3
9 $864 10 x = 4, y = - 1
11 x 3y 9 = 0 12 9 : 25
13 $24 112
14
segment
tangent
15 a a = 78 b w = 154
c m = 35, n = 145 d p = 65, r = 85
16 a SSS or SAS
b In DOCA and DOCB, OA = OB (equal radii), OC is
common, AC = CB (given), [ DOCA DOCB (SSS)
c OCA = OCB = 90 (matching angles in congruent
triangles), [ OC AB
17 17 cm 18 3.85 cm
2
19 a Equal angles in isosceles DOAB
b 2x 2y = 180
c ABC = x y = 90
20 a x = 5
3
5
b d = 28
c y = 12
d n = - 9 or 4
21 a SAS
b In D AOB and D DOC, OA = OD (equal radii),
OB = OC (equal radii), AOB = DOC (vertically
opposite angles), [ DAOB DDOC (SAS)
c AB = DC (matching sides in congruent triangles)
d Matching angles in congruent triangles, equal angles in
isosceles triangles
e alternate angles equal
Challenge:
1
2
12-02 Parts of a circle
2 a diameter b segment c arc
d secant e chord f tangent
g radius h sector i semi-circle
j segment k sector l circumference
12-04 Circle geometry cards
1 E 2 F 3 I 4 J 5 N 6 A
7 C 8 B 9 H 10 G 11 P 12 D
13 O 14 K 15 L 16 M
12-05 Circle geometry review
1 a = 65, b = 90 2 u = 52 3 k = 49
4 x = 65, y = 25 5 m = 72 6 d = 105, e = 105
7 p = 14 8 h = 6 9 69
10 v = 220, w = 70, x = 110 11 d = 92
12 c = 45 13 n = 15, y = 7 14 a = 60, b = 60, c = 30
15 v = 3
1
3
16 w = 103 17 a = 46
18 r = 30, p = 50 19 x = 5, y = z = 38
20 d = 60, e = 30 21 t = 50 22 k = 5
23 x = 3 24 r = 2
13-01 Brainstarters 13
1 -5 2 $18 000 3 45 4 2 h 40 mins
5 0.000313 6 5 7 rectangle
184 NEWCENTURY MATHS 10: STAGES 5.2/5.3
8
1
4
9 235.62
10
0
-2 -1 1 2 4 3
-1
1
y
x
2
3
4
-2
-3
-4
-3
11 SAS 12 a =
v
2
u
2
2s
13 $45
14 a 3813
0
b 17.3 cm
2
15 1, 3, 5, 15
16 x
2
y
2
= 16
17 a parabola b -10 c -5 and 1
18 a 14m 12 b 2x
3
x
2
15x
19 24, remainder 3 20 195
21 a -8 b 0 c 10
22 a (3b 7) (b 2) b 2y (y 3) (y 4)
23 a 3 b 2 c 6 24 25, 5
25
y = -x
3
x
y
(-1, 1)
y
y = x
2
+ 5
x
5
a b
26 a x = -8 or 7 b p = 2
2
3
27 x = -2
2
5
, y = 6
19
25
or x = 2, y = 5
Challenge: 100
13-03 Circle equations order
activity
22 - 11 - 21 - 25 - 1, 24 - 14 - 13 - 27 - 12,
6 - 2 - 19 - 3 - 7, 8 - 23 - 26 - 4 - 18 - 9,
20 - 17 - 5 - 15 - 10 - 16
13-04 Simultaneous equations
order activity
1 - 11 - 31- 18 - 26 - 19 - 12 - 25 - 24,
8 - 10 - 3 - 29 - 16 - 2 - 20 - 30 - 17 - 7 - 5,
15 - 4 - 13 - 6 - 21 - 14 - 22 - 9 - 23 - 27 - 28
13-05 Polynomials review
1 a yes b yes
c no, power of x in
1
x
is negative d yes
e no, power of x in

x
p
is a fraction f yes
2 a yes b -15 c no d 5
e 1 f 9
3 3 4 a 7x
3
x b 7x
3
4x 3
c 14x
4
14x
3
6x
2
10x 4
d -104
5 3x
3
2x
2
4x 5 = (x 2) (3x
2
4x 4) 3
6 a 20 b -175 c 0
7 a P (-2) = 0 b (x 2) (x 3) (2x 5)
8 (x 3)(x 3)(x 4)
9 y
x
a
y = x (x + 2) (x + 3)
0
-1 -2 -3
b
y = (x + 4)(x 1)(x 2)
2
y
x
-1
0
1 2 -2 -3 -4
-4 4 -3 -2 -1 1 2
y = -2(x 3)
3
(x + 1)
54
c
y
x
3
0
y
x
1
(1, )
y = 2
-x
1
2
c
185 ANSWERS
10 a x = -2, -1 or 4
6
b
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
x
y
-8
y = x
3
x
2
10x 8
11
-4 -5 -6 -7 -3 -2 -1
x
49
y
y = x
3
+ 15x
2
+ 63x + 49
12
a
y = P(x) 3
y
x
-3
b
y
x
y = 3P(x)
c
y
x
y =P(x)
d
y
x
y = P(-x)
13-06 Advanced graphs
1 E 2 H 3 J 4 D 5 G 6 I
7 B 8 K 9 C 10 L 11 F
12 P, (-3, 4), (4, -3) 13 O, (-2, -4), (1, -1)
14 M, (-1, -2), (4,
1
2
) 15 N, (-3, 2
1
2
), (2, 0)
14-01 Brainstarters 14
1 3.34
2
30
N
3 a 9 p
2
64 b 21 8

5
p
4 6 200 000 5 x =
- b

b
2
4ac
p
2a
6 2000 7 SA = 3r
2
8 76
9 pentagon 10 x 42
1
13
11
1
36
12 a (3, -2) b 4

2
p
units
13 circle
14 a 343 b 64 c
1
7
d
1
9
e 4 f 8
15 x = 6
186 NEWCENTURY MATHS 10: STAGES 5.2/5.3
16
y a
x
(-1, 1)
x
y
-1 1
1
b
x
y
1
c
(1, 3)
17 a x =
y 4
3
b x =

y
5
q
c x = -
2
y
18 16a
2
8a 5
19 a 3k
9
b
2m
6
9
c 16 d
16
d
2
y
2
e 2 f 4

n
2
3
p
or 4

n
3
p

2
20
y
y = x
x
(1, 1)
a
x
(1, 1)
b
y
y = x
3
21 a n = 9 b r = 5 c x = 6
Challenge: x = 13
14-02 Inverse functions code
puzzle
1 J 2 V 3 B 4 G 5 L 6 M
7 Y 8 A 9 R 10 E 11 T 12 K
13 O 14 C 15 I 16 N 17 P 18 S
19 D 20 X 21 H 22 Q 23 W 24 U
What do lumberjacks sing while they are chopping down
trees? Logarithms.
14-03 Logarithmtables
1 a 0.8129 b 0.3010 c 1.3010
d 0 e 1.7243 f 2.8451 g 1.5798
h 2.7853 i 2.9542
2 a 7.8 b 6.2 c 2.0 d 50 e 34
f 280 g 210 h 13 i 2600
3 a 14 b 47 c 2.2 d 1.4 e 220
f 5 200 000 g 17 h 390 000 i 1.9
4 a 32 b 16 c 810 d 2.7 e 16
f 2.7 g 7.7 h 11 000 i 14 j 4.1
14-04 Logarithms review
1 a 3 b 8 c 3 d 2 e -1
f -2 g
1
2
h 0
2 a log
4
64 = 3 b log
5
25 = 2
c log
2
32 = r d log
y
z = 6
3 a 10
2
= 100 b 2
3
= 8 c 3
7
= b
d a
2
= 16
4 a 5 b 3 c 2 d 3 e 1 f 3
g
1
2
h 6
5 a log
a
30 b log
a
5 c log
a
12
f log
a
4 2 e 0 f log
a
3 2
g log
a
4
1
2
h log
a
3c

d
3
p
e
2

6 a log
a
x log
a
y b n log
a
x
c log
a
p log
a
q log
a
r
d log
a
4 2 log
a
5
e
1
2
log
a
x
1
2
log
a
y
f log
a
c 2 log
a
d
7 a x z b
1
2
x c 2x z
d y z x
8 a 1.5564 b -0.7782 c 1.7782
d -0.2218 e 2.5564 f 1.8891
9 a x = 6 b x = 8 c x J2.97
d x J9.67 e x J8.48 f x J-1.19
10 a x = 81 b x = 3125 c x = 2
d x = 6 e x = 10 f x = 4
187 ANSWERS