Tong Hop PP Giai Vo Co

GV : Nguyn V Minh Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C
Email : ngvuminh249@yahoo.com t : 0914449230

1
Cc Dng Thng Gp
Dng 1 :
Kim Lai + axit loi 1 ( H
2
SO
4

long
hoc HCl) mui (sunfat hoc clorua) +
2
H

m
mui

sunfat
= m
kim loi
+ 96
2
H
n hay m
mui

clorua
= m
kim loi
+ 71
2
H
n

Bo ton e : n
cho
= n
nhn
vi n
cho
= mol kim loi . ha tr kim loi
n
nhn
= 2.
2
H
n

Cu 1: Cho 5,2 g hn hp Al, Fe v Mg vo dd HCl d thu c 2,24 lt kh H
2
(ktc). C cn dung dch thu c
bao nhiu gam mui khan ? A. 10,8 B. 11,5 C. 12,3 D,14,6
Gii :
2
H
2, 24
n 0,1
22, 4
= = m
mui
= m
kim loai
+ 71.0,1=5,2+7,1=12,3 . Ta chn C
Cu 2: Cho 10,8 g hn hp Zn, Cd v Al vo dd H
2
SO
4
long, d thu c 0,5 g kh H
2
. C cn dung dch thu
c m gam mui khan. Gi tr m l : A. 40,4 B. 37,2 C. 36,4 D. 34,8
Gii :
2
0,5
0, 25
2
H
n = = m
mui
= m
kim lai
+ 96.0,25=10,8 + 24 = 34,8 . Ta chn D
Cu 3 (H khi B 2010): Ho tan hon ton 2,45 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim th vo 200 ml
dung dch HCl 1,25M, thu c dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng mol bng nhau. Hai kim loi trong
X l A. Mg v Ca B. Be v Mg C. Mg v Sr D. Be v Ca

Gii : V dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng bng nhau nn s mol 2 kim loi kim th bng nhau v
bng s mol HCl d (nu c) , n
HCl
= 0,25 mol
M + 2HCl MCl
2
+ H
2
nn ,
a 2a a
n
HCl
(d) = a/2 nn
9 40
0, 25 2 0, 5 0,1 M 24, 5
2
a a a
+
= = = = nn c Be v Ca l hp l, chn D
Cu 4 (H khi A 2010): Cho 7,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y tc
dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi X, Y l
A. natri v magie. B. liti v beri. C. kali v canxi. D. kali v bari.
Gii: Gi M i din 2 kim loi, n l ha tr
2M + 2nHCl 2MCl
n
+ nH
2

Bo ton elctron :
1 M 14,2
7,1 5, 6
.n 2. M 14,2n
2 M 28, 4 M 22, 4
n
n
= =
= =

= =

m 1 < n < 2 nn 14,2 < M < 28,4 ta chn Na v Mg , p n A
Cu 5: Ha tan 9,144g hn hp Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch HCl thu c 7,84 lit kh X
(ktc), 2,54g cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Lc b cht rn Y, c cn cn thn dung dch Z thu c lng mui
khan l A. 33,99g. B. 19,025g. C. 31,45g. D. 56,3g.
Gii: Cht rn Y khng tan l Cu nn ch c Mg v Al phn ng v m(Mg, Al) = 9,144 m(Cu) = 6,604 gam
m
mui

clorua
= m
(Mg, Al)
+ 71
2
H
n
= 6,604 + (7,84 : 22,4).71 = 31,45 gam , chn C
Cu 6: Cho 1,53 gam hh Mg, Fe, Zn vo dd HCl d thy thot ra 448ml kh (ktc). C cn dd sau phn ng th
thu c m gam cht rn c khi lng
A. 2,95 gam B.2,24 gam C. 3,9 gam D. 1,85 gam
Gii: Kh l H
2
v mui thu c s l mui clorua : m
mui

clorua
= 1,53

+ 71
0 , 4 4 8
2 2 , 4
= 2,95 gam , chn A
Cu 7: Ha tan hon ton 14 gam mt kim loi vo H
2
SO
4
long d thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi l :
A. Al B. Fe C. Zn D. Mg
Gii: bo ton electron :
2
14 5,6
.n 2. M 28n
56 M 22,5
n
Fe
M
=
= =
vi n l ha tr kim loi
2
Ch : Fe tc dng vi axit loi 1 ch ra hoa1 tr II
Cu 8 (C 2007): Ha tan han ton 3,22g hn hp X gm Fe, Mg, Zn bng mt lng va dung dch
H
2
SO
4 long
thu c 1,344 lt hidro(ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Ga tr ca m l?
A. 10,27 B. 8,98 C. 7,25 D. 9,52
Gii: Kh l H
2
v mui thu c s l mui sunfat : m
mui sunfat
= 3,22

+ 96
1, 3 4 4
2 2, 4
= 8,98 gam , chn B
Cu 9 (C 2007): Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo nc, thu c
500 ml dung dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04M v 0,224 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Na. B. Ca. C. Ba. D. K.
Gii: Phn tch: Da vo p n ta thy KL l ha tr II hoc ha tr I ,ta ln lt xt hai trng hp:
Nu l KL ha tr II: MO + H
2
O M(OH)
2 ;
M + H
2
O M(OH)
2
+ H
2
0,01 0,01 mol 0,01 0,01 0,01mol
2,9 = 0.01(M+16) + M.0,01 M =137 Ba, chn C
Dng 2 :
Mui cacbonat + axit loi 1 ( H
2
SO
4

long
hoc HCl) mui (sunfat hoc clorua)
2
CO

m
mui

sunfat
= m
mui cacbonat
+ 36
2
C O
n
do
2- 2-
3 2 4 4 2 2
CO +H SO SO +CO +H O

m
mui

clorua
= m
mui cacbonat
+ 11
2
C O
n
do
2- 2
3 2 2
CO +2HCl 2Cl +CO +H O

v n
mui cacbonat
= n
mui hidr cacbonat
=
2
CO
n

Cu 10: Cho 12 g hn hp mui cacbonat ca kim lai kim v kim th vo dung dch cha HCl d thu c
2,24 lt kh ktc. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr m l :
A. 13,1 B. 12,1 C. 9,1 D. 11,1
Gii:
2
CO
2, 24
n 0,1
22, 4
= =
m
mui clorua
= m
mui cacbonat
+ 11.0,1=12+1,1=13,1 . Ta chn A
Cu 11: Cho m g hn hp 3 mui cacbonat ca kim nhm IA, IIA v IIIA vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, d thu
c 2,8 lt kh ktc. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 22,65 gam mui khan. Gi tr m l :
A. 19,25 B. 20,05 C. 18,15 D. 17,86
Gii:
2
CO
2,8
n 0,125
22, 4
= =
m= m
mui cacbonat
= m
mui sunfat
2
CO
36.n =22,65 0,125.36 18,15 = .Chn C
Cu 12: Ha tan 3,06g hn hp 2 mui Cacbonat kim loi ha tr I v II bng dd HCl d thu c 672 ml
CO
2
(kc) . Nu c cn dd th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan ?
A. 3,39g B. 6,78g C. 9,33g D. Khng xc nh c
Gii: Khi lng mui khan m
mui clorua
= 3,06

+ 11.
0, 6 7 2
2 2, 4
=3,39 . Ta chn A
Cu 13: Hn hp X gm hai mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi kim th hai chu k lin tip. Cho 7,65 gam X
vo dung dch HCl d. Kt thc phn ng, c cn dung dch th thu c 8,75 gam mui khan. Hai kim loi
l:
A. Mg v Ca B. Ca v Sr C. Be v Mg D. Sr v Ba
Gii:
2

8, 75 7, 65
0,1
11 11
muoi clorua muoi cacbonat
CO muoi cacbonat
m m
n n

= = = =
Gi cng thc chung hai mui cabonat l MCO
3
c M + 60 =
7, 65
76, 5 16, 5
0,1
M = = nn ta chn C
Cu 14: Cho 3,6 gam hn hp A. gm 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi k tip nhau trong phn nhm chnh
nhm II.Cho A. tan ht trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long thu c kh B.. Cho B. sc vo dung dch dung dch
Ca(OH)
2
d thy to thnh 5 gam kt ta. Hai kim loi l g?
A. Ca v Mg B. Ca v Sr C. Mg v Be D.Khng xc nh c
3
Gii: Do dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d nn
2 3
CO CaCO muoi cacbonat
5
n n n 0, 05 mol n
100
= = = = =
3
c M + 60 =
3, 6
72 12
0, 05
M = = nn ta chn C
Cu 15: Ho tan ht 2,25 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B ( k tip nhau trong phn nhm
chnh nhm II) bng dung dch HCl thu c 0,56 lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Hai kim loi A, B l:
A. Be v Mg B. Ca v Sr C. Sr v Ba D. Mg v Ca
Gii:
2
CO muoi cacbonat
0, 56
n 0, 025 mol n
22, 4
= = =
3
c M + 60 =
2, 25
90 30
0, 025
M = = nn ta chn D
Cu 16: 18,4 gam hh 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim lai nhm IIA hai chu k k tip nhau trong bng HTTH,
khi tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 0,2 mol CO
2
. Hai kim loi l
A. Ca v Sr B. Sr v Ba C. Mg v Ca D. Be v Mg
Gii:
2
CO muoi cacbonat
n 0, 2 mol n = =
3
c M + 60 =
18, 4
92 32
0, 2
M = = nn ta chn C
Cu 17: Cho 115g hn hp gm ACO
3
, B
2
CO
3
, R
2
CO
3
tc dng ht vi dd HCl thy tht ra 0,448l CO
2
(ktc).
Khi lng mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l:
A. 115,22g B.151,22g C. 116,22g D. 161,22g
Gii: m
mui clorua
= m
mui cacbonat
+ 11.n
CO2
= 115 +
0, 448
.11
22, 4
= 115,22 gam . Ta chn A
Cu 18: Ho tan hon ton 4,68g hn hp mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A v B k tip trong nhm IIA vo
dd HCl thu c 1,12 lit CO
2
ktc. Xc nh kim loi A v B l: (Mg = 24 ; Ca = 40 ; Sr = 88 ; Ba = 137)
A. Be v Mg B. Mg v Ca. C. Ca v Sr. D. Sr v Ba.
Gii:
2
CO muoi cacbonat
1,12
n 0, 05 mol n
22, 4
= = =
3
c M + 60 =
4, 68
93, 6 33, 6
0, 05
M = = nn ta chn B
Dng 3 : Bo Ton IN TCH
Cho : dung dch
m+
n+
M :a (mol)
X
N :b(mol)
v
x-
z-
X :c(mol)
Z :d(mol)

Bo ton in tch : m.a + n.b = x.c + z.d
m
mui
= khi lng tt c ion = M.a + N.b + X.c + Z.d
Cu 19: Mt dung dch cha 0,2 mol
2+
Ca ; 0,1 mol
2+
Mg ;0,1 mol
3
HCO

v x mol Cl
. Tm x ?
A. 0,5 B. 0,6 C. 0,7 D. 0,8
Gii: 0,2.2 + 0,1.2 = 0,1.1 + x.1 suy ra x = 0,5 chn A
Cu 20: Mt dung dch cha 0,1 mol
2+
M ; 0,05 mol
3+
Al ; 0,1 mol Cl
v x mol
2
4
SO

. C cn dung dch thu
c 19,3 mui khan. Tm kim lai M.
A. Mg B. Ca C. Fe D. Cu
Gii: 0,1.2 + 0,05.3 = 0,1.1 + x.2 suy ra x = 0,125
m
mui
= M.0,1 + 27.0,05 + 35,5.0,1 + 96.0,125 =19,3 suy ra M = 24 (Mg), chn A

Cu 21 (H Khi A 2010): Cho dung dch X gm: 0,007 mol Na
+
; 0,003 mol Ca
2+
; 0,006 mol Cl
-
; 0,006
3
HCO
v 0,001 mol
3
NO
. loi b ht Ca
2+
trong X cn mt lng va dung dch cha a gam Ca(OH)
2

4
Ga tr ca a l A. 0,222 B. 0,120 C. 0,444 D. 0,180
Gii: n
Ca(OH)2
= x. n
OH-
= 2x v n
Ca2+

= x. Theo bi:
OH
-
+ HCO
3
-
CO
3
2-
+ H
2
O
2x 0,006 --------- 0,006
Ca
2+
+ CO
3
2--
CaCO
3
.
x + 0,003 0,006
Ch c x = 0,003 tha mn. Vy a = 0,003.74 = 0,222 (g) , ta chn A
Cu 22 (H Khi A 2010): Dung dch X c cha: 0,07 mol Na
+
; 0,02 mol SO
4
2-
v x mol OH
-
. Dung dch
Y c cha ClO
4
-
, NO
3
-
v y mol H
+
; tng s mol ClO
4
-
v NO
3
-
l 0,04. Trn X v Y c 100 ml dung dch
Z. Dung dch Z c pH (b qua s in li ca H
2
O) l A. 1 B. 2 C. 12 D. 13
Gii: LBTT: 0,07 = 0,02.2 + x x = 0,03 (mol); y = 0,04 (mol) . Vy n
H+
d = 0,01 (mol).
[H
+
] = 0,01: 0.1 = 0,1 (M) pH = 1 , ta chn A
Cu 23 (C 2007): Dung dch A cha cc ion Al
3+
=0,6 mol, Fe
2+
=0,3mol, Cl
-
= a mol, SO
4
2-
= b mol. C cn
dung dch A thu c 140,7gam. Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l?
A. 0,6 v 0,3 B. 0,9 v 0,6 C. 0,3 v 0,5 D. 0,2 v 0,3
Gii: bo ton in tch : 0, 6.3 0, 3.2 1.a 2.b 2,4 + = + =
Khi lng mui m 27.0, 6 0, 3.56 35, 5.a 96.b 140, 7 35, 5 96 107, 7 a b = + + + = + =
Nn ta c a = 0,6 v b = 0,3, chn A
Cu 24 (H Khi A 2010): Ha tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu c
dung dch X v 2,688 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H
2
SO
4
, t l mol tng ng l 4 : 1. Trung
ha dung dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi lng cc mui c to ra l
A. 13,70 gam. B. 18,46 gam. C. 12,78 gam. D. 14,62 gam
Gii: Ta c: H
2
O OH
-
+ H
2
.
n
OH-
= 0,24 (mol).
HCl (4x mol) H
2
SO
4
(x mol) th n
Cl-
= 4x ; n
SO4
= x; n
H+
= 6x = 0,24
x = 0,04.
m
mui
= m
KL
+ m
Cl-

+ m
SO4
= 8,94 + 4.0,04.35,5 + 0,04.96 = 18,46 (g), chn B
Cu 25 (H Khi A 2007) : Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS
2
v mol Cu
2
S bng dung dch
HNO
3
va , thu c dung dch X (ch cha 2 mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 1,8 mol B. 1,08 mol C. 0,18 mol D. 0,06
: Gii: Dung dch thu c ch cha mui sunfat duy nht nn ch cha cc ion : Fe
3+
; Cu
2+
; SO
4
2-

3
2+
2-
4
Fe
Fe
2 bao toan nguyen to
Cu
Cu
2
S
SO
n n 0,12.1 0,12
0,12 mol FeS
n n 0, 2.a 0, 2a
a mol Cu S
n n 0,12.2 a.1 0, 24 a
+
= = =

= = =

= = + = +

Bo ton in tch : 0,12 . 3 + 2.2a = (0,24 + a ).2 a = 0,06 , chn D
Cu 26: Dung dch Y cha 0,1 mol Ca
2+
, 0,2 mol Mg
2+
, 0,2 mol Cl
-
v x mol HCO
3
-
. C cn dung dch Y thu
c bao nhiu gam mui khan ?
A. 27,9 gam B. 59,7 gam C.30,4 gam D. 22,0 gam
Gii: Bo ton in tch : 0,1 . 2 + 0,2 . 2 = 0,2 . 1 + x . 1 x = 0,4
Nn ch khi b nhit phn th s c phng trnh :
2
3 3 2 2
2HCO CO CO H O

+ +
0,4 -------->0,2
2+ 2+ - 2-
3
muoi
Ca Mg Cl CO
m m m m m 0,1.40 0, 2.24 35, 5.0, 2 0, 2.60 27, 9 = + + + = + + + = , chn A
Dng 4: xit kim loi + Axit mui + H
2
O
2 n 2 4
M O HCl ( hay H SO ) + mui + nc
2-
+
2
O ( )+ 2H = H O trong oxit

5
+
2
O H O
H
n =2.n =n
v m
mui
= m
kim loi
+ m
gc axit
vi m
kim loi
= m
xit
m
O
Hoc c th dng cng th tnh nhanh cho trc nghim :
+ i vi H
2
SO
4
(long) : m
mui sunfat
= m
xit
+ 80.
2 4
H SO
n

+ i vi HCl : m
mui clorua
= m
xit
+ 27,5.
HCl
n

Cu 27: Ha tan hon ton 19,8g hn hp FeO, MgO, Al
2
O
3
cn va 500ml dung dch HCl 1,6M. Sau khi
phn ng hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c m(g) mui khan. Tm m
A. 13,1 B. 40,2 C. 39,4 D. 41,8
Gii:
0, 5.1, 6 0, 8 0, 8 0, 4 16.0, 4 6, 4( )
2
H
HCl O O
H
n
n n n m g
+
+
= = = = = = =

19, 8 6, 4 13, 4( ), 0, 8 0, 8.35, 5 28, 4
kl
Cl Cl
m g n m

= = = = =

Vy m
mui
= m
kim loi
+ m
gc axit
= 13,4 + 28,4 = 41,8 (g) . Chn D
Hoc dng cng thc gii nhanh : m
mui clorua
= m
xit
+ 27,5.
HCl
n
= 19,8 + 27,5. 0,5 . 1,6 = 41,8 (g)
Cu 28 (H Khi A 2007): Ha tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe
2
O
3
, MgO, ZnO trong 500ml dung
dch acid H
2
SO
4
0,1M (va ). Sau phn ng c cn dung dch mui thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A. 6,81g B. 4,81g C. 3,81g D. 5,81g
Gii: n
H2SO4
= 0,05 = n
SO4
2 n
H+
= 0,1
2H
+
+ O
2
= H
2
O
0,1 0,05 mol
m
mui
= m
oxit
m
O(trong oxit)
+ m
gc axit
= 2,81 0,05.16 +0,05.96 = 6,81 gam, chn A
Cu 29: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Al v Sn bng dung dch HCl (d), thu c 5,6 lt kh H
2

( ktc). Th tch kh O
2
( ktc) cn phn ng hon ton vi m gam hn hp X l:
A. 2,80 lt B. 1,68 lt C. 4,48 lt D. 3,92 lt
Gii: TH1 : X + HCl :
e-cho
5, 6
n 2. 0, 5 mol
22, 4
= =
TH2 : X + O
2
:
2
2
2O O 4e
+
2
2
O
e-cho O
V
n 4.n 4. mol
22, 4
= =
Do ha tr 2 kim loi khng i nn s mol e cho ca 2 phng trnh bng nhau

2
2
O
O
V
0, 5 4. mol V 2, 8 lit
22, 4
= = , chn A
Cu 30: Cho 50 gam hn hp gm ZnO, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, MgO tc dng ht vi 200 ml dung dch HCl 4M (va
) thu c dung dch X. Lng mui c trong dung dch X l :
A. 79,2 g B. 78,4 gam C. 72 gam D. 72,9 gam
Gii: m
mui clorua
= m
xit
+ 27,5.
HCl
n
= 50 + 27,5. 0,2 . 4 = 72 (g), chn C
Cu 31: tc dng va vi 7,68 gam hn hp FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
cn dng 260 ml dung dch HCl 1M.
Dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi NaOH d, kt ta thu c nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng
i thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m l :
A. 6 gam B. 7 gam C. 8 gam D. 9 gam
Gii:
+ +
HCl O Fe
H H
1
n n 0, 26 mol , n (trong oxit) n 0,13 mol m 7, 68 0,13.16 5, 6
2
g = = = = = =
Fe
n 0,1 mol = , s hp thc : 2Fe Fe
2
O
3

0,1 0,05 , m
Fe2O3
= 160.0,05 = 8 gam, chn C
Cu 32.: Ha tan hon ton 15 g hn hp CuO, MgO, Al
2
O
3
cn va V ml dung dch HCl 1,6M. Sau khi phn
ng hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c m = 28,2 (g) mui khan. Tm V
A. 300 B. 400 C. 500 D. 600
6
Gii: m
mui clorua
= m
xit
+ 27,5.
HCl
n
28, 2 15 27, 5.1, 6.V V 0, 3 300 l ml = + = = , chn A
m
mui clorua
= m
xit
+ 27,5.
HCl
n
28, 2 15 27, 5.1, 6.V V 0, 3 300 l ml = + = = , chn A
Cu 33: Ha tan hon ton m g hn hp CuO, MgO, Al
2
O
3
cn va 400 ml dung dch HCl 1,6M. Sau khi
phn ng hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c 40,6 (g) mui khan. Tm m
A. 30 B. 40 C. 23 D. 32
m
mui clorua
= m
xit
+ 27,5.
HCl
n
40, 6 27, 5.1, 6.0,4 23 gam
oxit
m = = , chn C
Cu 34: Ha tan hon ton 281 gam hn hp gm Fe
2
O
3
, MgO, ZnO trong V ml dung dch acid H
2
SO
4
3 M
(va ). Sau phn ng c cn dung dch mui thu c 401 gam mui sunfat khan. Tm V
A. 300 B. 400 C. 500 D. 600
m
mui sunfat
= m
xit
+ 80.
2 4
H SO
n
401 281 80.3.V V 0, 5 500 l ml = + = = , chn C
Cu 35 (H Khi A 2008): ho tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe
2
O
3
(trong s
mol FeO bng s mol Fe
2
O
3
), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,23. B. 0,18. C. 0,08. D. 0,16.

2 3
FeO Fe O
n n =
coi hn hp ch gm 1 xit duy nht l Fe
3
O
4
v
+
3 4
Fe O O O HCl
H
n 0, 01 mol n 0, 04 mol n 2n 0, 08 mol n = = = = =

suy ra V = 0,08 lt, chn C
Cu 36 (H Khi B 2008): Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
tc dng vi dung dch HCl
(d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn Y thu c 7,62 gam FeCl2 v m gam
FeCl
3
. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,75. B. 8,75. C. 6,50. D. 7,80.
Coi hn hp ch gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
:
2
FeO FeCl
7, 62
n n 0, 06 mol
127
= = =

2 3 3 2 3
Fe O FeCl Fe O
9,12 72.0, 06
n 0, 03 mol n 2n 0, 06 mol
160
= = = =
m (FeCl
3
) = 0,06 . 162,5 = 9,75, chn A
Dng 5:
3 2
0
2 4
HNO
2 3 3 4
hayH SO dac,t
( , , , )
O
du
Fe Fe FeO Fe O Fe O
+

mui + sn phm kh + H
2
O
Bo ton e :
2 2 2 2
Fe oxit Fe
NO NO N O N SO
m m m
.3 .2 n 3n 8n 10n 2n
56 16
= + + + + +

3 3
Fe
Fe(NO )
m
m = .242
56
v
2 4 3
Fe
Fe (SO )
m
m = .400
2.56

Cch khc : Quy i hn hp gm Fe : x mol v O : y mol
hh Fe O
m m m 56 16 (1) x y = + = +

Qu trnh cho nhn e :
3
3
3
o
Fe e Fe
x x
+

v
2
2
2
o
O e O
y y

Suy ra phng trnh sau :
2 2 2 2
NO NO N O N SO
3x 2y n 3n 8n 10n 2n (2) = + + + + +
x, y
Nu c cho Cu th ta c phng trnh tng qut :

2 2 2 2
Fe Cu O NO NO N O N SO
3n 2n 2n n 3n 8n 10n 2n (2') + = + + + + +
x, y

Vn cn mt cch khc : m
Fe
= 0,7. m
(hh xit st)
+ 5,6 . n
cho/ nhn

n
cho/ nhn
= mol kim loi .ha tr = gim s xi ha . s mol sp kh
7
Cu 37: m gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp (A) c khi lng 12 g
gm Fe , FeO , Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
. Cho (A) td hon ton vi dd HNO
3
thy sinh ra 2,24 l kh NO duy nht ktc.
Tnh m . A. 38,72 B. 35,5 C. 49,09 D,10,08
Gii: S mol e do Fe nhng phi bng s mol e do oxi thu ( O
2
thu 4e ) v
5 +
N ca HNO
3
thu (
5 +
N thu 3e ) :
Qu trnh oxi ha :
3
Fe Fe
+
+ 3e

56
m
mol 3
56
m
mol
Qu trnh kh :
0
O
2
+ 4e 2
2
O ;
5 +
N + 3e
2 +
N

32
12 m
4
32
12 m
mol 0,3mol 0,1mol

Ta c: 3
56
m
= 4
32
12 m
+ 0,3 Gii ra : m = 10,08g , chn D
(c th dng cng thc cho nhanh nhng vit qu trnh cho nhn ra s tt hn cho cc em)
+ Cch gii khc nh sau da theo (1) v (2) :
Fe
Fe
56 16 12
0,18 n
0,18.56 10, 08 gam
2, 24
3 2 3. 0, 3 0,12
22, 4
x y
x
m
x y y
+ =
= =
= =

= = =

K t bi ny s c bi gii theo cch 1 hoc 2 hoc cch 3 s trnh by sau y :
+ Cch 3 : n
nhn
= 3.n
NO
= 3. 0,1 nn m
Fe
= 0,7.m
xit
+ 5,6. n
nhn
= 0,7.12 + 5,6 . 0,3 = 10,08 gam
Cu 38 (H Khi B 2008): Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, FeO, Fe phn ng ht vi dd HNO
3

long d thu c 1,344 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui
khan. Gi tr m l : A. 38,72 B. 35,5 C. 49,09 D,34,36
Gii: Cch 1 :
Fe oxit Fe
NO
m m -m
.3= +3n
56 16
vi
m 11, 36
1, 344
0, 06
22, 4
hh Oxit
NO
m
n
= =
= =
suy ra
Fe Fe
m 11,36-m
.3= +3.0,06
56 8

Vy m
Fe
= 8,96 suy ra
3 3
Fe
Fe(NO )
m 8,96
m = .242= .242=38,72
56 56
, chn A (cch 2 hc sinh t gii )
Cu 39: Ha tan han ton 46,4 gam mt oxit kim loi bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng (va ) thu c V lt
kh SO
2
(ktc) v 120 gam mui. Xc nh cng thc oxit kim loi v V
A. FeO; 1,12 B. Fe
2
O
3
;

2,24 C. Fe
3
O
4
;1,12 D. Fe
3
O
4
; 2,24
Gii: quy i xit thnh Fe (x mol) v O (y mol) suy ra m (xit) = 56x + 16y = 46,4 (1)
2 4 3
( )
120
0, 3 0, 3.2 0, 6 ; (1) 0, 8
400
Fe SO Fe O
n n x y n = = = = = = =
0, 6 3
(C,D)
0, 8 4
Fe
O
n
n
= = ,
2
V
3 .2 2 3.0, 6 0, 8.2 2. V 2, 24( )
22, 4
SO
x y n l = + = + =
, chn D
Cu 40: Cho m gam Fe chy trong oxi mt thi gian thu c 36 gam cht rn A gm 4 cht. Ha tan A bng
HNO
3
d thu c 6,72 lt NO (ktc). Tnh m?
A. 30,24 B. 32,40 C. 24,34 D. 43,20
Gii: quy i xit thnh Fe (x mol) v O (y mol) v s dng (1) v (2)

Fe
Fe
56 16 36
0, 54 n
0, 54.56 30, 24 gam
6, 72
3 2 3. 0, 9 0, 36
22, 4
x y
x
m
x y y
+ =
= =
= =

= = =
, chn A
+ Cch khc : n
nhn
= 3.n
NO
= 3. 0,3 nn m
Fe
= 0,7.m
xit
+ 5,6. n
nhn
= 0,7.36 + 5,6 . 0,9 = 30,24 gam
Cu 41 (H Khi B 2007): Nung m gam bt Fe trong oxi thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn
hp X trong dung dch HNO
3
(d) thot ra 0,56 lt (ktc) NO (l ssn phm kh duy nht). Ga tr ca m l?
A. 2,52 B. 2,22 C. 2,62 D. 2,32
8

Fe
Fe
56 16 3
0, 045 n
0, 045.56 2, 52 gam
0, 56
3 2 3. 0, 075 0, 03
22, 4
x y
x
m
x y y
+ =
= =
= =

= = =
, chn A
Cu 42: Nung nng 16,8 gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c m gam hn hp X gm oxit st
v st d. Ha tan ht hn hp X bng H
2
SO
4
c nng thu c 5,6 lt SO
2
(ktc). Ga tr ca m l?
A. 24g B. 26g C. 20g D. 22g

16, 8
0, 3
56
Fe
n x = = = ;
2
2
SO
SO
5, 6
3.03 2
3 2.n
22, 4
3x 2y 2n (2) 0, 2
2 2
x
y

= + = = =

hh Fe O
m m m 56 16 56.0, 3 0, 2.16 20g x y = + = + = + = , chn C
+ Cch khc : n
nhn
= 2.
2
SO
n

= 0,5 mol
m
Fe
= 0,7.m
xit
+ 5,6. n
nhn
suy ra
Fe
oxit
m 5, 6.n 16, 8 5, 6.0,5
m 20 gam
0, 7 0, 7
nhan

= = =
Cu 43: Ha tan 13,92 g Fe
3
O
4
bng dd HNO
3
thu c 448 ml kh N
x
O
y
(ktc).Xc nh N
x
O
y
?
A. NO B. N
2
O C.NO
2
D. N
2
O
5
Gii:
3 4
Fe
Fe O
o
n 0, 06.3
13, 92
n 0, 06 mol
n 0, 06.4 232
=
= =

=
,
0, 448
0, 02 mol
22, 4
n = =
Gi k l gim s xi ha ca kh

+2
Fe O
3n 2n . 3.0,18 2.0, 24 .0, 02 3 NO k n k k = + = + = , Chn A
Cu 44 (H Khi A 2009): Ha tan hon ton 20,88 gam mt xit st bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng thu
c dung dch X v 3,248 lt kh SO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht). C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui
sunfat khan. Gi tr m l :
A. 52,2 B. 54,0 C. 58,0 D. 48,4

2 4 3
Fe
Fe
Fe (SO )
56 16 20, 88
0, 29 n
n
m .400 58 gam
3, 248
3 2 2. 0, 29 0, 29 2
22, 4
x y
x
x y y
+ =
= =
= =

= = =
, chn C
Cu 45 (HQGHN 2000): m (g) phoi bo Fe ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian c 12 g cht rn X
gm Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
. Ha tan ht X trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
, nng c 2,24 lt SO
2
(ktc). Gi tr
ca m l: A. 9,52 B. 9,62 C. 9,42 D. 9,72

Fe
Fe
56 16 12
0,17 n
m 0,17.56 9, 52 gam
2, 24
3 2 2. 0, 2 0,155
22, 4
x y
x
x y y
+ =
= =
= =

= = =
, chn A
Cu 46: Nung m gam bt Cu trong oxi thu c 37,6 gam hn hp rn X gm Cu, CuO v Cu
2
O. Ha tan
hon ton X trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng (d) thy thot ra 3,36 lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 25,6 gam B. 32 gam C. 19,2 gam D. 22,4 gam
Gii: quy i xit thnh Cu (x mol) v O (y mol) v s dng (1) v (2)

Cu
Cu
64 16 37, 6
0, 5 n
m 0, 5.64 32 gam
3, 36
2 2 2. 0, 3 0, 35
22, 4
x y
x
x y y
+ =
= =
= =

= = =
, chn B
Cu 47 (H Khi A 2007):Nung m g st trong khng kh, sau mt thi gian ngi ta thu c 104,8 g hh rn
9
A gm Fe,FeO,Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
. Ha tan hon ton A trong HNO
3
d thu c dung dch B v 12,096 lt hn
hp kh NO v NO
2
(ktc) c t khi so vi He l 10,167. Gi tr m l:
A.72 B.78,4 C.91,28 D, p s khc
Gii: Gi a l s mol NO, b l s mol NO
2

S mol hh kh l : a b 0, 54 mol n = + = ,
30a 46b
M 10,167.4 30a 46b 21, 96
a b
+
= = + =
+

Ta c : a 0,18 , b 0,36 = = , n
nhn
=
2
NO NO
3.n 1.n +

= 0,18.3 + 0,36.1 = 0,9 mol
m
Fe
= 0,7.m
xit
+ 5,6. n
nhn
= 0,7 . 104,8 + 0,9 . 5,6 = 78,4, chn B
Cu 48: Ha tan hon ton 8,64 gam FeO bng dung dch HNO
3
th thu c 336 ml kh duy nht (ktc).
Cng thc ca cht kh l: A. N
2
B. NH
3
C. N
2
O D. NO
2
Gii: Cn nh r gim s xi ha tng sn phm kh

FeO Fe O
n n n 0,12 mol = = = , gi X l gim s xi ha ca sn phm kh
Fe NO
Fe O 2
3n 2n 3.012 2.0,12
3n 2n X.n X 8 N O
0, 336
n
22, 4
spk
spk

= + = = =
, Chn C

Cu 49: m gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian s chuyn thnh hn hp B gm 4 cht rn c khi
lng 12 gam. Cho hn hp B phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
d thy thot ra 2,24 lt NO (ktc). Tnh m v
khi lng HNO
3
phn ng ?
A. 10,08 g v 34,02 g A. 10,8 g v 34,02 g
C. 10,8 g v 40,32 g D. 10,08 g v 40,32 g
Gii: n
nhn
= 3.n
NO
= 3.
2, 24
0, 3 mol
22, 4
= m
Fe
= 0,7.m
xit
+ 5,6. n
nhn
= 0,7.12 + 5,6 . 0,3 = 10,08 gam
Fe Fe(NO
3
)
3

0,18 0,18 mol ,
bo ton nguyn t N :
3 3 3 3
N/HNO N/Fe(NO ) N/NO HNO
n n n 3.0,18 0,1 0, 64 mol m 0, 64.63 40, 32 g = + = + = = =
Ta chn D
Cu 50: Cho hn hp gm FeO, CuO, Fe
3
O
4
c s mol 3 cht u bng nhau tc dng ht vi dung dch
HNO
3
thu hn hp kh gm 0,09 mol NO
2
v 0,05 mol NO . S mol ca mi cht l:
A. 0,12 B. 0,24 C. 0,21 D. 0,36
Gii: t
3 4
Fe
FeO CuO Fe O O
Cu
n 4
x n n n n 6
n
x
x
x
=
= = = =

2
Fe Cu O NO NO
3n 2n 2n n 3n 3.4 2. 2.6 0, 09 3.0, 05 0,12 x x x x + = + + + = + + = , chn A
Cu 51: Cho 22,72 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
long d
thu c V lt kh NO duy nht (ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c 77,44 gam mui khan.
Gi tr ca V l A. 4,48. B. 2,688. C. 5,6. D. 2,24.
Gii: mui chnh l Fe(NO
3
)
3
:
3)3
Fe Fe(NO Fe
77, 44
n n 0, 32 mol m 0, 32.56 17, 92 gam
242
= = = = =

O hh O O
m m m 22, 72 17, 92 4, 8 gam n 0, 3 mol = = = = ,
NO
Fe O NO
V
3n 2n 3 V 2, 668
22, 4
l = + = , chn B

Dng 6: Kim loi + Axit (H
2
SO
4
c, HNO
3
) mui + sn phm kh + H
2
O
Sn phm kh
+4 o +2 +1 -3
2 2
2 4 3
NO , N , NO, N O, NH NO i vi HNO
3

+4 -2 o
2 2
S O , H S, S i vi H
2
SO
4
c
10
Mui (kim lai phi ha tr cao nht) v Al, Fe, Cr khng tc dng vi H
2
SO
4
v HNO
3
c ngui.
.
cho
n mol kimloai hoatri =
v
.
nhan san phamkhu
n do giamsoOXH n =

+ i vi H
2
SO
4
c :
Sp kh
+4
2
S O

-2
2
H S

o
S
gim s xi ha 6 4 = 2 6 (-2) = 8 6 0 = 6

2
2 4
4
( / )
( ) ( )
2
cho nhan
H SO S S S
SO
n
n n n n trong sp khu n trong sp khu
= = + = +
2 2
4 4
( / )
96. 96.
2
cho nhan
muoi kimloai kimloai kimloai
SO SO
n
m m m m n m

= + = + = +

+ i vi HNO
3
:
Sp kh
+4
2
NO
o
2 N
+2
NO
+1
2 N O
-3
4 3
NH NO (mui)
gim s
xi ha
5 4 = 1 (5-0).2 = 10 5 2 = 3 (5 1).2 = 8 5 (-3) = 8

3
3
( / )
( ) ( )
HNO N N cho nhan S
NO
n n n n trong sp khu n n trong sp khu
= = + = +

3 3
( / )
62. 62.
1
cho nhan
muoi kimloai kimloai kimloai
NO NO
n
m m m m n m

= + = + = +

Ch : Nu sp kh c NH
4
NO
3
th khi lng mui sau phn ng phi cng thm khi lng ca NH
4
NO
3

Cu 52 (C 2011): Dy gm cc kim loi u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl nhng khng tc dng vi
dung dch HNO
3
c , ngui l:
A. Fe, Al, Cr B. Cu, Fe, Al C. Fe, Mg, Al D. Cu, Pb, Ag
Gii: Chn A , HNO3 c ngui khng tc dng Al, Fe, Cr
Cu 53 : Mt hn hp gm hai bt kim loi Mg v Al c chia thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: cho tc dng vi HCl d thu c 3,36 lt H
2
.
- Phn 2: ho tan ht trong HNO
3
long d thu c V lt mt kh khng mu, ho nu trong khng kh
(cc th tch kh u o ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 5,6 lt.
Gii: S mol e kim loi nhng khi tc dng vi HCl v HNO
3
nh nhau
( Do 2 kim loi c ha tr khng i ).
Nn s mol e H
+

v
5 +
N nhn bng nhau .
2 H
+
+ 2 e H
2

5 +
N + 3e
2 +
N
0,3 0,15 mol 3x x mol
3x = 0,3 x = 0,1 V = 2,24 lt . chn A
Cu 54 : Cho 1,35 gam hn hp Cu , Mg , Al tc dng vi HNO
3
d c 896 ml ( ktc) hn hp gm NO v
NO
2
c M 42 = . Tnh tng khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra (kh ktc).
A. 9,41 gam. B. 10,08 gam. C. 5,07 gam. D. 8,15 gam.
Gii: n
hh kh
= 0,04 . a + b = 0,04 v 30a + 46b = 42 . 0,04 = 1,68
11
a = 0,01 = n
NO
; b = 0,03 = n
NO2
2
nhan NO NO
n 3.n 1.n 3.0, 01 0, 03.1 0, 06 mol = + = + =

m
hh mui
= m
hh kim loi
+
3
NO
m

= m
hh kim loi
+ 62.n
nhn
= 1,35 + 62.0,06 = 5,07 gam. Chn C
Cu 55 : Ho tan hon ton 1,805 g hn hp gm kim loi A c ho tr khng i duy nht v Fe bng dung
dch HCl thu c 1,064 lt kh H
2
. Khi ho tan 1,805 gam hn hp trn bng dd HNO
3
long d thu c
0,896 lt kh NO duy nht(ktc) . Cc kh o cng iu kin . Kim loi A l:
A. Cu B. Cr C. Al D. Mn.
Gii: Hn hp kim loi b ha tan hon ton trong HCl A phi tc dng vi HCl .
A A
n+
+ ne Fe Fe
2+
+ 2e 2 H
+
+ 2 e H
2

x nx y 2y 0.095 0.0475
nx + 2y = 0,095 (1) v Ax + 56y = 1,805 (2)

A A
n+
+ ne Fe Fe
3+
+ 3e
5 +
N + 3e
2 +
N
x nx y 3y 0,12 0.04

nx + 3y = 0,12 (3) . T (1) , (2) y = 0.025 .
T (1) , (2) nx = 0,045 v Ax = 0,405 A = 9n
n 1 2 3 Chn A = 27 ( Al ) , chn C
A 9 18 27
Cu 56: Ha tan hon ton 3,6 gam hn hp Al, Fe, Mg bng dd HNO
3
thu c 0,01 mol NO; 0,01 mol N
2
O v
khng c sp kh no khc. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m (g) mui khan. Tnh m.
A. 10,42 B. 11,42 C. 9,84 D. 12,04
Gii: n
nhn
=3.0,01 + 8.0,01 =0,11 m
mui
= m
kim loi
+ m
gc axit
= 3,6 +0,11.62= 10,42 gam, chn A

Cu 57: Ha tan hon ton hn hp Al, Fe, Mg vo 800ml dung dch HNO
3
(va ) thu c 0,08 mol NO; 0,06
mol N
2
O v 0,01 mol N
2
. Vy nng mol ca dung dch HNO
3
l
A. 2M B. 1,5M C.1,3M D.1,8M
Gii: n
nhn
=3.0,08 + 8.0,06+10.0,01 =0,82
n
N
(trong sp kh) = 0,08.1 + 0,06.2 + 0,01.2=0,22
suy ra n
HNO3
= n
nhn
+ n
N
(trong sp kh) = 0,82 + 0,22 = 1,04 suy ra C
M
(HNO
3
)=
1, 04
1, 3
0, 8
M = , chn C
Cu 58: Ha tan hon ton 2,7 gam mt kim loi cha r ha tr vo dd HNO
3
d thy thot ra 0,672 lt kh
(ktc) khng mu khng mi khng chy ( sp kh duy nht ). Tm kim loi
A. Al B. Fe C. Zn D. Mg
Gii: Kh khng mu khng mi khng chy l N
2
,
2
0, 672
0, 03
22, 4
N
n = = , gim s OXH l 10
Bo ton e : mol kim loi . ha tr (tm t l n) = gim s OXH . s mol sp kh
n=1 M=9
2,7
.n=10.0,03 M=9.n, n=2 M=18
M
n=3 M=27 (Al)

, chn A
Cu 59: Chia m gam Al thnh 2 phn bng nhau :
Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dd NaOH sinh ra x mol kh H
2
Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dd HNO
3
long sinh ra y mol kh N
2
O (sp kh duy nht). Quan h gi x v y l :
A. y = 2x B. x = y C. x = 4y D. x = 2y
Gii: s mol Al hai phn bng nhau
Al + NaOH d :
2
Al H
n .3=2.n =2.x
v Al + dd HNO
3
d :
2
Al N O
n .3 8.n 8y = =
12
Ta c c 2.x 8.y x 4y = = , chn C
Cu 60: Cho 3,6 gam Mg tc dng vi dd HNO
3
d sinh ra 2,24 lt kh X (sp kh duy nht ktc). Kh X l :
A. NO B. N
2
O C. NO
2
D. N
2
Gii: gi X l gim s xi ha ca kh cn tm
Bo ton e :
3,6 2,24
.2 X. X 3 NO
24 22,4
= =
. Chn A

Cu 61: Cho m gam Al tan hon ton trong dd HNO
3
, thu c 44,8 lt (ktc) hn hp kh NO, N
2
O, N
2
theo
t l mol 1 : 2 : 2. Gi tr m l
A. 35,1 B. 16,8 C. 140,4 D.2,7
Gii: n
hh kh
= 44,8 : 22,4 = 2 mol , t t l cho ta t s mol : NO : x mol , N
2
O : 2x mol , N
2
: 2x mol
Nn ta c : x + 2x + 2x = 2 0, 4 mol x =

2 2
nhan NO N O N
n 3n 8n 10n 3. 8.2 10.2 39 39.0, 4 15, 6 mol x x x x = + + = + + = = =
Bo ton e : .3 15, 6 140, 4 gam
27
m
m = = , Chn C
Cc em hy c gng thuc gim s xi ha mi kh lm bi tt hn
Cu 62: Khi cho 1,92 gam hn hp X gm Mg v Fe c t l mol 1:3 tc dng hon ton vi HNO
3
to ra hn
hp kh gm NO v NO
2
c th tch 1,736 lt (ktc). Tnh khi lng mui to thnh v s mol HNO
3
phn
ng.
A. 8,074gam v 0,018mol B. D. 8,4gam v 0,8mol
C. 8,7gam v 0,1mol D. 8,74 gam v 0,1875mol
Gii: t s mol Mg : x , Fe : 3x m
hh
= 24.x + 56.3x = 1,92 x = 0,01
t s mol NO : a v NO
2
: b n
hh kh
= 0,0775 = a + b
Bo ton e : 2.x + 3.3x = 3.a + 1.b = 0,11 mol a = 0,01625 ; b = 0,06125
n
HNO3
= n
nhn
+ n
(N /NO)
+ n
(N/NO2)
= 0,11 + 0,01625.1 + 0,06125.1 = 0,1875 mol
m
mui
= m
kim loi
+ 62.n
nhn
= 1,92 + 62.0,11 = 8,74 gam , chn D
Cu 63: Ha tan hon ton 11,2 gam Fe vo HNO
3
d thu c dung dch A v 6,72 lt (ktc) hn hp kh B
gm NO v mt kh X, vi t l th tch l 1:1. Xc nh kh X?
A. NO B. N
2
O C. NO
2
D. N
2
Gii: NO v kh X, vi t l th tch l 1 : 1 nn n
NO
= n
X
= 0,15 mol . Gi X l gim s xi ha ca kh
Bo ton electron :
2
11, 2
.3 3.0,15 X.0,15 X 1 NO
56
= + = , Chn C
Cu 64: Ha tan hon ton 19,2g kim loi M trong dung dch HNO
3
d thu c 8,96 lt (ktc) hn hp kh gm
NO
2
v NO c t l th tch 3:1. Xc nh kim loi M.
A. Fe (56) B. Cu (64) C. Al (27) D. Zn (65)
Gii: NO
2
v NO c t l th tch 3:1 nn ta t s mol NO
2
: 3x v NO : 1x
n
hh kh
= 4x = 8,96 /22,4 0,1 mol x =
Bo ton electron :
19,2
.n 3.0,1 1.0, 3 M 32n M 64, n 2 (Cu)
M
= + = = = , chn B
Cu 65: Cho 13,5 gam hn hp gm Al v Ag tan trong HNO
3
d thu c dung dch A v 4,48 lt hn hp kh
gm (NO,NO
2
) c khi lng 7,6 gam. Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi.
A. 30 v 70 B. 44 v 56 C. 20 v 80 D. 60 v 40
Gii: t s mol NO l a , NO
2
l b
m
hh
= 30.a + 46.b = 7,6 , n
hh
= a + b = 0,2 a = b = 0,1 mol
Ta c 13,5 gam hn hp gm Al : x mol v Ag : y mol 27x + 108y = 13,5 gam
Bo ton electron : 3x + 1y = 3.a + 1.b = 0,4 x = y = 0,1 mol
Nn
Al Ag
27.0,1
%m .100 20% %m 80%
13, 5
= = = , chn C
Cu 66: Cho 3 gam hn hp gm Cu , Ag tan ht trong dung dch gm HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
thu 2,94 gam hn hp 2
13
kh NO
2
v SO
2
c th tch 1,344 lt (ktc). Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi?
A. 30 v 70 B. 44 v 56 C. 20 v 80 D. 64 v 36
Gii: NO
2
: a mol v SO
2
: b mol
46 64 2, 94
0, 05
1, 344
0, 06 0, 01
22, 4
a b
a
a b b
+ =
=

+ = = =

Cho 3 gam hn hp gm Cu : x mol , Ag : y mol 64x + 108y = 3 gam
Bo ton electron : 2x + 1y = 1.a + 2.b = 0,07 x = 0,03 v y = 0,01 mol
Nn
Cu Ag
64.0, 03
%m .100 64% %m 36%
3
= = = , chn D
Cu 67: Trn 60g bt Fe vi 30g lu hunh ri un nng (khng c kkh ) thu c cht rn A. Ho tan A
bng dd axit HCl d c dd B v kh C. t chy C cn V lt O
2
(ktc). Tnh V, bit cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton.
A. 32,928 lt B. 33 lt C. 34 lt D. 35 lt
Gii: n
Fe
> n
S
=
32
30
. nn Fe d v S ht
Kh C l hh H
2
v H
2
S . t chy C thu c SO
2
v H
2
O . H
+
nhn e to H
2
, sau H
-2
nhng e to li H
+

.
Do : Trong phn ng c th coi ch c Fe v S nhng e , cn O
2
nhn e .
Fe
2 +
Fe + 2e S
4 +
S + 4e O
2
+ 4e 2
2
O

56
60
mol 2
56
60
mol
32
30
mol 4
32
30
mol xmol 4x mol
Theo nh lut bo ton electron : 2
56
60
+ 4
32
30
= 4x x = 1,47

2
O
V = 32,928 lt, chn A
Cu 68: Th tch dd FeSO
4
0,5M cn thit phn ng va vi 100ml dd cha KMnO
4
0,2M v K
2
Cr
2
O
7

0,1M mi trng axit l :
A. 160 ml B. 320 ml C. 80 ml D. 640 ml
Gii : Ta c :
4
KMnO
n = 0,02
7 2 2
O Cr K
n = 0,01

+2
Fe Fe
3+
+ 1e
7 +
Mn + 5e
2 +
Mn 2
6 +
Cr + 6e 2
3 +
Cr
x mol x mol 0,02 0,1 0,02 0,06
x = 0,1 + 0,06 = 0,16
4
FeSO
V
= 0,32 lt = 320 ml, chn B
Cu 69: Ha tan m gam Al trong dung dch HNO
3
long sau phn ng thu c 0,896 lt hn hp kh NO v
N
2
O (ktc) c t khi so vi hiro bng 16,75. Khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l :
A. 12,07 gam B. 12,78 gam C. 10,65 gam D. 14,91 gam.
Gii: NO : a mol v N
2
O : b mol
0, 04 0, 03
30 44 16, 75.2.0, 04 0, 01
a b a
a b b
+ = =

+ = =

Bo ton e :
3 3
( )
17
.3 3.0, 03 8.0, 01 1, 53 gam n n
27 300
Al Al NO
m
m = + = = = mol
m
mui
= 17:300 . 213 = 12,07, chn A
Cu 70: Ha tan hon ton 14,8g hh (Fe, Cu) vo lng d dung dch hn hp HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
c, nng.
Sau phn ng thu c 10,08 lt NO
2
v 2,24(l) SO
2
(ktc). Khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp ban u l:
A. 5,6 B. 8,4 C. 18,0 D. 18,2
Gii: Fe : x mol , Cu : y mol
56 64 14,8
0,15
10, 08 2, 24
3 2 1. 2 0,1
22, 4 22, 4
x y
x
x y y
+ =
=

+ = + =

56 8, 4 gam
Fe
m x = = , chn B
14
Cu 71: Ha tan 5,6g Fe bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
long d th thu c dd X . Dung dch X phn ng va
v i Vml dd KMnO
4
0,5M . Gi tr ca V l :
A. 20ml B. 40ml C. 60ml D. 80ml
Gii: n
Fe
= 0,1 mol
Fe Fe
2+
+ 2e Fe
2+
Fe
2+
+ 1e
7 +
Mn + 5e
2 +
Mn
0,1 mol 0,1 mol 0,1 mol 0,1 mol x mol 5x mol
Theo nh lut bo ton electron : 5x = 0,1 x = 0,02 mol V = 40 ml , chn B
Cu 72: Ho tan hon ton 1,2 gam kim loi M vo dung dch HNO
3
d thu c 0,224 lt kh N
2
ktc (sn
phm kh duy nht). M l kim loi no di y?
A. Zn B. Al C. Ca D. Mg
Gii: gi n l ha tr kim loi
Bo ton elctron :
1,2 0, 224
n 10. M 12n M 24, 2 Mg
M 22, 4
n = = = = , ta chn D
Cu 73: Cho 9,72 gam kim loi M phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
long thu c 0,672 lt kh NO (ktc).
Kim loi M dng l :
A. Cu B. Mg C. Fe D. Ag.
Bo ton elctron :
9, 72 0, 672
n 3. M 108n M 108, 1 Ag
M 22, 4
n = = = = , ta chn D
Cu 74: Ha tan hon ton 16,2g mt kim loi ha tr III bng dung dch HNO
3
,thu c 5,6 lt (kc) hn
hp X gm NO v N
2
. Bit t khi hi ca X so vi kh oxi bng 0,9. Xc nh tn kim loi em dng?
A. Al B. Fe C.Cu D.Na
Gii: NO : x mol , N
2
: y mol

0, 56
0, 25 0,1
22, 4
0,15
30 28 0, 9.32.0, 25
hh
hh
n x y x
y
m x y
= + = = =

=
= + =

Bo ton electron :
16, 2
3 3.0,1 10.0,15 M 27 Al
M
= + = , chn A
Cu 75: Ho tan 8,1 gam kim loi M bng dung dch HNO
3
long thy c 6,72 lt kh NO duy nht ( ktc)thot
ra. M l kim loi: A. Al B. Cu C. Fe D. Mg
Bo ton elctron :
8,1 6, 72
n 3. M 9n M 27, 3 Al
M 22, 4
n = = = = , ta chn A
Dng : To mui NH
4
NO
3
(du hiu nhn bit : tao bo ton electron 2 v khng bng nhau nn phi
c thm mui NH
4
NO
3
v gii li bi ton vi x l s mol NH
4
NO
3
) (cu 76 v cu 77 )
Cu 76 (H Khi B 2008) : Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
(d). Sau khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton thu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm
bay hi dung dch X l A. 13,32 gam. B. 6,52 gam. C. 8,88 gam. D. 13,92 gam.
Gii: n
Mg
= 0,09 mol , n
NO
= 0,04 mol
Bo ton e : 0,09. 2 0,04.3 nn c to mui NH
4
NO
3
: x mol
Bo ton e khi c mui NH
4
NO
3
: 0,09.2 = 0,04.3 + 8.x x = 0,0075 mol

Mg Mg(NO
3
)
2

0,09 0,09 mol
m
mui
=
3 2 4 3
( )
0, 09.148 0, 0075.80 13, 92 gam
Mg NO NH NO
m m + = + = , chn D
Cu 77 (H Khi A 2009): Ho tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO
3
long (d), thu c
dung dch X v 1,344 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N
2
O v N
2
. T khi ca hn hp kh Y so
vi kh H
2
l 18. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
15
A. 38,34. B. 34,08. C. 106,38. D. 97,98.
Gii: n
Al
= 0,46 mol, N
2
O : a mol , N
2
: b mol
1, 344
0, 06
22, 4 0, 03 mol
44 28 2.18.0, 06
hh
hh
n a b
a b
m a b
= + = =
= =
= + =

Bo ton e : 0,46. 3 8.0,03 + 10.0,03 nn c to mui NH
4
NO
3
: x mol
Bo ton e khi c mui NH
4
NO
3
: 0,46. 3 = 8.0,03 + 10.0,03 + 8.x x = 0,105 mol
Al Al(NO
3
)
3

0,46 0,46 mol

m
mui
=
3 3 4 3
( )
0, 46.213 0,105.80 106, 38 gam
Al NO NH NO
m m + = + = , chn C
Cu 78: Cho 1,35 g hn hp gm Cu , Mg , Al tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
thu c hn hp kh gm
0,01 mol NO vo 0,04 mol NO
2
. Khi lng mui to ra trong dung dch l :
A. 3,45g B. 4,35g C. 5,69g D. 6,59g
Gii :
5 +
N + 3e
2 +
N
5 +
N + 1e
4 +
N
0,03 mol 0,01 mol 0,04 mol 0,04 mol
n
nhn
= 0,03 + 0,04 = 0,07 = s mol gc NO
3

trong mui
Khi lng hh mui = m
kim loi
+ m
NO3 trong mui
= 1,35 + 62 . 0,07 = 5,69g , chn C

Cu 79 : Cho hn hp gm 0,15 mol CuFeS
2
v 0,09 mol Cu
2
FeS
2
tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
d thu c
dung dch X v hn hp kh Y gm NO v NO
2.
Thm BaCl
2
d vo dung dch X thu c m gam kt ta.
Mt khc, nu thm Ba(OH)
2
d vo dung dch X, ly kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i
thu c a gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m v a l:
A. 111,84g v 157,44g B. 111,84g v 167,44g
C. 112,84g v 157,44g D. 112,84g v 167,44g
Gii: Ta c bn phn ng:
CuFeS
2
Cu
2+
+ Fe
3+
+ 2SO
4
2

0,15 0,15 0,15 0,3
Cu
2
FeS
2
2Cu
2+
+ Fe
3+
+ 2SO
4
2

0,09 0,18 0,09 0,18
2
4
SO
n 0, 48
= mol; Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2
BaSO
4

0,48 0,48 m = 0,48 233 = 111,84 gam.
n
Cu
= 0,33 mol; n
Fe
= 0,24 mol.
Cu CuO 2Fe Fe
2
O
3

0,33 0,33 0,24 0,12
a = 0,33 80 + 0,12 160 + 111,84 = 157,44 gam. Chn A
Dng 7: Phn ng Nhit Luyn
xit kim loi +
2
Al
CO
C
H
o
t cao
kim loi +
2 3
2
2
2
Al O
CO
CO hay CO
H O
, iu kin : kim loi Al >

16
Quy i xit = kim loi + O Cng thc
2 2 2 2
O CO CO H O H (H ,CO)
n (trongOxit) n n n n n = = = = =

Cu 80 (H Khi A 2009): Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al
2
O
3
nung nng
n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban u l
Gii: m
O
= 9,1 8,3 = 0,8 (g) n
O
= n
CuO
= 0,05(mol)

m
CuO
= 0,05.80 = 4 (g) , Chn D
Cu 81 : Dy cc xit b CO kh nhit cao l :
A. CuO, FeO, ZnO, MgO B. CuO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
, Al
2
O
3

C. Na
2
O, CaO, MgO, Al
2
O
3
D. ZnO, PbO, CuO, Fe
2
O
3
Gii: xit kim loi tham gia p nhit luyn phi ng sau Al nn ta loi cc xit ca kim loi Na, Ca, Al, Mg.
Chn D
Cu 82 : Kh hon ton 6,64 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
cn dng va 2,24 lt CO (ktc). Khi
lng Fe thu c l bao nhiu ?
A. 5,4 gam B. 5,04 gam C.2,24 gam D. 3,84 gam
Gii: xit kim loi = Fe + O ,
O CO O
2, 24
n (trongoxit) n 0,1 m 0,1.16 1,6(gam)
22, 4
= = = = =
Suy ra m
Fe
= m
xit
- m
O
= 6,64 1,6 = 5,04 gam. Ta chn B
Cu 83 : Kh hon ton 6,4 gam hn hp gm CuO v Fe
2
O
3
bng kh H
2
thy to ra 1,8 gam H
2
O. Khi lng
hn hp kim loi thu c sau phn ng l :
A. 4,5 gam B. 4,8 gam C. 4,9 gam D. 5,2 gam
Gii: xit kim loi = hn hp kim loi + O
2
O O
1, 8
n =n 0,1 m =0,1.16=1,6(gam) m 6, 4 1, 6 4, 8g
18
H O kim loai
= = = = . Ta chn B
Cu 84 : Cho V lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm CO v H
2
phn ng vi mt lng d hn hp rn gm CuO v
Fe
3
O
4
nung nng. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thy khi lng hn hp rn gim 0,32 gam. Tnh V.
A. 0,448 B. 0,112 C. 0,224 D. 0,560
Gii: Khi lng hn hp rn gim 0,32 gam = khi lng xi trong xit tham gia phn ng
2 2
O (H ,CO) (H ,CO)
0, 32
n = =0,02 n V =V=0, 02.22, 4 0, 448
16
= = . Ta chn A
Cu 85 : Kh hon ton a gam mt xit st bng CO nhit cao ngi ta thu c 14,56 gam Fe v 8,736
lt CO
2
(ktc). Vy cng thc xit st l :
A. FeO B. Fe
3
O
4
C.Fe
2
O
3
D. Fe
2
O
3
hoc Fe
3
O
4
Gii:
2
Fe
Fe O CO
O
n 14,56 8,736 0, 26 2
n = =0,26, n (oxit)=n = =0,39,
56 22,4 n 0, 39 3
= = . Ta chn C

Cu 86 (H Khi A 2010) : Cho m gam hn hp bt X gm ba kim loi Zn, Cr, Sn c s mol bng nhau
tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, nng thu c dung dch Y v kh H
2
. C cn dung dch Y
thu c 8,98 gam mui khan. Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng hon ton vi O
2
(d) to hn hp 3
oxit th th tch kh O
2
(ktc) phn ng l
A. 2,016 lt. B. 0,672 lt. C. 1,344 lt. D. 1,008 lt.
Gii : 3 kim loi trn khi phn ng vi HCl long nng u b oxi ha thnh s oxi ha +2. Cn khi tc dng O
2
, Zn t
+2, Cr to +3, Sn to +4.
- Gi s mol mi kim loi l a (mol) th: 02 , 0 98 , 8 ) 71
3
119 52 65
.( 3
2
= => = +
+ +
= a a m
Cl M
.
- Bo ton (e) cho qu trnh tc dng O
2
:
2
2.0, 02 3.0, 02 4.0, 02
0, 045( ) 1, 008( )
4
O
n mol lit
+ +
= =
Chn D
Cu 87 (C 2009) : Kh hon ton mt xit st X nhit cao cn va V lt CO ( ktc), sau phn
17
ng thu c 0,84 gam Fe v 0,02 mol kh CO
2
. Cng thc X v gi tr V ln lt l :
A. FeO v 0,224 B. Fe
2
O
3
v 0,448
C. Fe
3
O
4
v 0,448 D. Fe
3
O
4
v 0,224
Gii: n
O (trong xit)
= n
CO
= n
CO2
= 0,02 mol ; n
Fe
= 0,015 mol

Fe
3 4
O
n 0, 015 3
Fe O
n 0, 02 4
= = , V = 0,02.22,4 = 0,448 lt, chn C
Cu 88 (C 2011): t chy hon ton 17,4 gam hn hp Mg v Al trong kh oxi (d) thu c 30,2 gam
hn hp oxit. Th tch kh oxi (ktc) tham gia phn ng l:
A. 17,92 lt B. 4,48 lt C. 11,20 lt D. 8,96 lt
Gii:
2 2
O O O
1 30, 2 17, 4
n n 0, 8 mol V 0, 8.22, 4 17, 92 lit
2 16 16
oxit kl
m m
= = = = = = , chn A
Cu 89 : Thi lng kh CO d i qua ng ng hn hp hai xit Fe
3
O
4
v CuO nung nng n khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c 2,32 gam hn hp kim loi. Kh thot ra c a vo bnh ng dung dch
Ca(OH)
2
d thy c 5 gam kt ta trng. Khi lng hn hp hai xit kim loi ban u l :
A. 3,12 gam B. 3,21 gam C. 4 gam D. 4,2 gam
Gii: Do Ca(OH)
2
d nn ta lun c :
2 3
0, 05 mol
CO CaCO O CO
n n n n = = = =
m
xit
= m
kim loi
+ m
O
= 2,32 + 16.0,05 = 3,12 gam , chn A
Cu 90 (s dng quy i xit = kim loi + O): Cho 2,13 gam hn hp X gm ba kim loi Mg, Cu v Al
dng bt tc dng hon ton vi oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,33 gam. Th tch
dung dch HCl 2M va phn ng ht vi Y l
A. 50 ml. B. 57 ml. C. 75 ml. D. 90 ml.
Gii:
oxit kim loai
O
3, 33 2,13
n 0, 8 mol
16 16
m m
= = = ,
+
HCl O
H
2.n 0,15 mol n n = = =

HCl
0,15
V 0, 075 lit 75 ml
2
= = = , chn C
Cu 91 (s dng quy i xit = kim loi + O): t chy hon ton 26,8 g hn hp 3 kim loi Fe, Al, Cu thu
c 41,4 g hn hp 3 oxit. Th tch dung dch H
2
SO
4
1M cn dng ha tan va hn hp oxit trn l
A. 1,8250 lt. B. 0,9125 lt. C. 3,6500 lt. D. 2,7375 lt
Gii:
2 4 2 4
oxit kim loai
O H SO H SO
41, 4 26, 8 0, 9125
n 0, 9125 mol n V 0, 9125
16 16 1
m m
= = = = = = lt
Ta chn B
Cu 92 : Cho 31,9 gam hn hp Al
2
O
3
, ZnO, FeO, CaO tc dng ht vi CO d nung nng thu c 28,7
gam hn hp Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c V lt H
2
(ktc). Th tch H
2
l:
A . 5,6 lt B. 6,72 lt C. 4,48 lt D. 11,2 lt
Gii: Khi lng nguyn t xi = gim khi lng cht rn
m
O
= 31,9 28,7 = 3,2 gam
2
O H CO
n n n 0, 2 mol V 0, 2.22, 4 4, 48 lit = = = = = , chn C
Cu 93 : Cho V lt (ktc) kh H
2
i qua bt CuO un nng c 32 gam Cu. Nu cho V lt H
2
i qua bt FeO
un nng th lng Fe thu c l :
Gii:
2
H Cu Fe Fe
32
n n n 0, 5 mol 56.0, 5 28 g
64
m am = = = = = = , chn C
Cu 94 : Cho 34,8 gam hn hp gm xit v mui cacbonat ca kim loi km R. Ha tan ht hn hp trn
bng mt lng va dung dch cha 0,6 mol HCl. Tn kim loi R l :
A. Na B. K C. Li D. Cs
Gii:
2 2 2 3 2 2
R O 2HCl 2RCl H O ; R CO 2HCl 2RCl H O CO + + + + +
Qua hai phng trnh ta thy s mol HCl = 2 ln tng s mol hn hp nn thay hn hp bng 1 cht c s
mol l 0,3
34, 8
M 116 2 16 M 2 60 28 50
0, 3
R R R = = + < < + < < l K (39), chn B
18
Dng 8: Ha tan hon ton (K, Na, Ca, Ba) + H
2
O dd kim ( cha ion
-
OH ) +
2
H

Ta c pt ion sau :
2 e
2 2
2.
1
2
OH H
ran kimloai
OH
n n
H O OH H
m m m
+
=
+

= +

Dung dch sau phn ng trung ha bi axit th
+ -
H OH
n =n

Cu 95 (H khi B 2007): Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d) thu c dung dch X v
3,36 lt H
2
ktc. Th tch dung dch H
2
SO
4
2M cn dung trung ha dd X l
A. 60ml B. 30ml C. 75ml D. 150ml
Gii:
2
2 2
1 3, 36
2. 2. 0, 3
2 22, 4
e
OH H
H O OH H n n
+
+ = = =

Gi th tch dung dch H
2
SO
4
2M l V
+
2 4
H SO
H
n =2.n 2.2.V=4V =
Dung dch sau phn ng trung ha bi axit th

+ -
H OH
n n 4V 0,3 V 0,075 lit 75ml = = = = , chn C
Cu 96 : Cho a (g) hh Na, K, Ca tc dng vi nc (d) thu c dung dch X v 0,224 lt H
2
ktc. Th tch
dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,1M cn dung trung ha dd X l
A. 0,15 lt B. 0,1 lt C. 0,12 lt D. 0,20 lt
Gii: gi V l th tch cn tm

+
2
H
H OH
3, 36
n n 2.n V.2.2 2. V 0,1
22, 4
= = = = lt, chn B
Cu 97 : Ha tan ht mu hp kim K-Ba vo nc thu c dung dch X v 0,224 lt H
2
ktc. trung ha
hon ton 1/10 dung dch X trn cn bao nhiu lt dd HCl pH = 2 ?
A. 0,2 B. 0,19 C. 0,18 D. 0,16
Gii: gi V l th tch cn tm
2
2
H
OH
0, 224
n 2.n 2. 0, 02 mol, [ ] 10 M
22, 4
H
+
= = = =
1/10 dung dch X
=
2
OH H OH
n 0, 002 mol n n 10 .V 0, 002 0, 2 V
+

= = = = lt, chn A
Cu 98 : Cho hh Na, K, Ca vo nc thu c dung dch A v V (lt) kh H
2
ktc. Trung ha 1/3 dung dch A
cn 200ml dung dch hn hp HNO
3
0,1M v H
2
SO
4
0,5M. Tm V.
A. 7,25 B. 7,392 C. 7,27 D. 7,28
Gii: dung dch X :
2
2 2
22, 4 11, 2
H
OH
V V
n n
= = =
1 / 3 dung dch X : 0,1.1.0, 2 0, 5.0, 2.2 7, 392
33, 6
OH H
V
n n V
+
= = = + = , chn B
Cu 99 : Ha tan mt mu hp kim Ba Na vo nc c dung dch X v 7,392 lt kh (27,3
0
C, 1 atm).
Th tch dung dch HCl 0,2 M cn dng trung ha ht dung dch X l :
A. 2 lt B. 1,5 lt C. 3 lt D. 2,5 lt
Gii:
2
H
1.1, 792
n 0, 3 mol
0, 082.(273 27, 3)
PV
RT
= = =
+
,

+
2
HCl H HCl
H OH
n n n 2.n 0, 6 mol V 0, 6: 0, 2 3
= = = = = = lt Ta chn C
Cu 100 : Ha tan hon ton mt lng gm 2 kim loi kim vo nc thu c 200ml dung dch A v 1,12 lt
H
2
(ktc). Tnh pH ca dung dch A.
A. 12 B. 11,2 C. 13,1 D. 13,7
Gii: dung dch A :
2
14
14
0,1 10
2 0,1 mol; [OH ] 0, 5 [ ] 2.10
0, 2 0, 5
H
OH
n n M H
+
= = = = = =
Nn pH log[ ] 13, 7 H
+
= = , chn D
19
Cu 101 : Cho m gam hn hp X gm Na Ba tc dng vi nc thu c dung dch Y v 3,36 lt H
2
(ktc).
Th tch dung dch axit HNO
3
2M cn dng trung ha lng dung dch Y l
A. 0,15 lt B. 0,3 lt C. 0,075 lt D. 0,1 lt
Gii:
2
H
OH
3, 36
n 2.n 2. 0,3 mol
22, 4
= = =
dung dch Y
OH
0,3
n =0,15 mol
2
=
+
3
HNO
H OH
n n n .1.2 0,15 0, 075 75 ml V V l
= = = = = ,
chn C
Dng 9: Cho Cu vo dung dch hn hp cha cc ion
3
( , ) H NO
+
NO
hoc v d nh phn ng ca Cu kim loi vi hn hp dung dch NaNO
3
v dung dch H
2
SO
4
l
3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
+ 4H
2
O
Dung dch Cu phn ng c th cha nhiu axit nhng nu c ion
3+
Fe th cn ch ti phn ng gia Cu v
3+
Fe Cn tnh
3
Cu
H
NO
n
n
n
+
sau lp t s
3
, ,
3 8 2
NO
Cu H
n
n
n

+
v sau ta s mol ca cht hay ion c t s nh
nht vo v tnh V
(NO)

Cu 102(C 2011): nhn ra ion NO
3
-
trong dung dch Ba(NO
3
)
2
, ngi ta un nng nh dung dch
vi:
A. dung dch H
2
SO
4
long B. kim loi Cu v dung dch Na
2
SO
4

C. kim loi Cu v dung dch H
2
SO
4
long D. kim loi Cu
Gii: Chn C (xem trong phng php)

Cu 103 (H Khi B 2007): Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H
2
SO
4
long v NaNO
3
. Vai tr ca
NaNO
3
trong phn ng l?
A. Cht xc tc B. Cht oxi ha C. Mi trng D. Cht kh
Gii: Vai tr ca NaNO
3
trong phn ng l cht xi ha , chn B
Cu 104 : Xem phn ng: a Cu + b NO
3
-
+ c H
+
d Cu
2+
+ e NO + f H
2
O
Tng s cc h s (a + b + c + d + e + f) nguyn, nh nht, phn ng trn cn bng, l:
A. 18 B. 20 C. 22 D. 24
Gii: 3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
+ 4H
2
O, tng h s = 22 chn C
Cu 105 (H Khi A 2008): Cho 3,2 gam bt ng tc dng vi 100ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO
3
0,8M
v H
2
SO
4
0,2 M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c V lt NO duy nht (ktc). Gi tr V l
A. 0,448ml B. 1,792 C. 0,672 D. 0,746
Gii:
3 2 4
3
0,12
3, 2
0, 05; 0, 8.0,1 0, 08; 0, 2.0,1 0, 02
0, 08
64
H
Cu HNO H SO
NO
n
n n n
n
+
= = = = = =

+ - 2+
3 2 2
3Cu + 8H + 2NO 3Cu + 2NO + 4H O
0,12 0, 03
0, 05 0,12 0, 08
3 8 2
tinh theo H
+
Vy V
(NO)
= V = 0,03.22,4 = 0,672 . Chn C
Cu 106 (H Khi B 2007): Thc hin hai th nghim :
Th nghim 1 : Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80ml dung dch HNO
3
1M thot ra V
1
lt kh NO duy nht
Th nghim 2 : Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80ml dung dch cha HNO
3
1M v H
2
SO
4
0,5M thy thot ra
V
2
lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Mi quan h gia V
1
v V
2
l :
A. V
1
= V
2
B. V
2
= 2V
1
C. V
2
= 2,5V
1
D. V
2
= 1,5V
1
20
Gii: TN1:
3
Cu
HNO
3,84
n 0,06 mol
64
n 0,08 mol
= =

3
H
NO
n 0,08 mol
n 0,08 mol
+

3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
+ 4H
2
O
Ban u :0,06 0,08 0,08 mol H
+
phn ng ht
Phn ng: 0,03 0,08 0,02 0,02 mol
V
1
tng ng vi 0,02 mol NO.
TN2: n
Cu
= 0,06 mol ;
3
HNO
n = 0,08 mol ;
2 4
H SO
n = 0,04 mol. Tng:
H
n
+
= 0,16 mol ;
3
NO
n

= 0,08 mol.
3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
+ 4H
2
O
Ban u: 0,06 0,16 0,08 mol Cu v H
+
phn ng ht
Phn ng: 0,06 0,16 0,04 0,04 mol
V
2
tng ng vi 0,04 mol NO. Nh vy V
2
= 2V
1
. Chn B
Cu 107 (H Khi B 2010): Cho 0,3 mol bt Cu v 0,6 mol Fe(NO
3
)
2
vo dung dch cha 0,9 mol H
2
SO
4

(long). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi
tr ca V l
A. 6,72 B. 8,96 C. 4,48 D. 10,08
+ - 2
3 2
2 + - 3+
3 2
3Cu 8H 2NO 3Cu 2NO 4H O
0,3 0,8 0,2 0, 2 mol
3Fe 4H NO 3Fe NO 2H O
0,6 0,8 0,2 0, 2 mol
+
+
+ + + +
+ + + +
V
NO
= (0,2 + 0,2).22,4 = 8,96 lt ,chn B
Cu 108 : Ha tan ht 3,6 gam FeO bng HNO
3
long, va . Thm H
2
SO
4
long d vo dung dch sau phn
ng thu c mt dng dch c th ha tan ti a m gam bt Cu v to ra V lt NO (ktc). Gi tr m v V ln
lt l :
A. 16 gam v 3,36 lt B. 14,4 gam v 3,36 lt
C. 1,6 gam v 3,36 lt D. 16 gam v 4,48 lt
Gii : FeO
3
3 3
Fe(NO )
HNO

0,05 0,05 mol
Thm H
2
SO
4
long d. Dung dch cha cc tc nhn ca phnng Cu l
3+ +
3
Fe , H , NO

3+ 2+ 2
2Fe Cu 2Fe Cu
0,05 0,025 mol
+
+ +

3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
+ 4H
2
O
0,225 0,15 0,015 mol
m
Cu
= 0,25. 56 = 16 gam , V = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36, chn A
Cu 109 (C 2010): Cho a gam Fe vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO
3
0,8M v Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M. Sau
khi phn ng xong c kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca N
+5
v 0,92a gam hn hp kim loi. Gi tr a
l :
A. 11,0 B. 11,2 C. 8,4 D. 5,6
Gii :
2+
+
-
3
Cu
H
NO
n 0,1 mol
n 0, 08 mol
n 0, 28 mol

Kim loi cn d nn Fe+ b chuyn v Fe
2+
:
3Fe + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
3Fe
2+
+ 2NO
+ 4H
2
O
21
0,03 0,08 0,02
Fe + Cu
2+
Fe
2+
+ Cu
0,1 0,1 0,1
Nn : a 56.(0,03 + 0,1) + 64.0,1 = 0,92a a = 11, chn A
Cu 110 : Ha tan 1,28 gam Cu vo 50ml dung dch hn hp H
2
SO
4
0,1M v NaNO
3
0,5M thu c a mol kh
NO dung nht. Tnh a ? A. 0,0025 B.0,0133 C. 0,025 D. 0,032
Gii : +
-
3
Cu
H
NO
n 0, 02 mol
n 0, 01 mol
n 0, 025 mol

3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
+ 4H
2
O
Ban u : 0,02 0,01 0,025 mol
Phn ng 0,01 0,0025 mol , chn A
Cu 111 : Cho 0,09 mol Cu vo 400ml dung dch cha HNO
3
0,3M v H
2
SO
4
0,1M. n khi phn ng kt
thc, th tch kh NO duy nht thot ra (ktc) l
A. 0,672 lt B. 0,896 lt C. 1,344 lt D. 1,12 lt
Gii : +
-
3
Cu
H
NO
n 0, 09 mol
n 0, 2 mol
n 0,12 mol

3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
+ 4H
2
O
Ban u : 0,09 0,2 0,12 mol
Phn ng 0,2 0,05 mol
V = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12 lt , chn D

Cu 112 : Ha tan 12,8 gam Cu vo 200ml dung dch hn hp H
2
SO
4
1M v KNO
3
0,5M. Th tch kh NO duy
nht ktc l : A. 2,24 lt B. 2,99 lt C. 4,48 lt D.11,2 lt
Gii : +
-
3
Cu
H
NO
n 0, 2 mol
n 0, 4 mol
n 0,1 mol

3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
+ 4H
2
O
Ban u : 0,2 0,4 0,1 mol
Phn ng 0,4 0,1 mol
V = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 lt , chn A
Cu 113 : Cho 1,92 gam Cu vo 100 ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO
3
0,16M v H
2
SO
4
0,4M thy sinh ra
mt cht kh c t khi hi so vi H
2
l 15. Th tch kh ktc l :
A. 0,672 lt B. 1,446 lt C. 0,3584 lt D. 0,4568 lt
Gii : +
-
3
Cu
H
NO
n 0, 03 mol
n 0, 08 mol
n 0, 016 mol
v Kh c M = 15.2 = 30 l NO
3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
+ 4H
2
O
Ban u : 0,03 0,08 0,016 mol
Phn ng 0,016 0,016 mol
V = 0,016.22,4 = 0,3584 lt , chn C
Cu 114 : Cho 1,12 gam Cu vo 50 ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO
3
0,16M v H
2
SO
4
0,1M thy c kh
22
NO ( sn phm kh duy nht ca s kh N
+5
) bay ra. kt ta ton b Cu
2+
trong dung dch sau phn ng
cn ti thiu bao nhiu lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M.
A. 0,07 lt B. 0,015 lt C. 0,064 lt D. 0,048 lt
Gii : +
-
3
Cu
H
NO
n 0, 0175 mol
n 0, 01 mol
n 0, 008 mol

3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
+ 4H
2
O
0,00375 0,01 0,0025 mol 0,00375

2+
OH Cu
n 2n 0, 0075 mol
= = nn V = 0,0075 : 0,5 = 0,015 lt , Chn B

Dng 10: Cho dd chc ion H
+
vo dung dch cha
2
3 3
, CO HCO

Yu cu : tnh s mol ca cc ion sau
2
3 3
, , H CO HCO
+
( nu c thm HCO
3
-
t gi thuyt )
+ u tin s c phn ng
+ 2- -
3 3
H + CO HCO
+ Sau nu H
+
cn d mi xy ra tip phn ng sau :
+ -
3 2 2
H + HCO CO +H O
- Vy : nu c kh thot ra th
2-
3
CO ht v nu khng c kh thot ra th
+
H ht
- Nu bi ton hi ngc li : cho
2-
3
CO vo dung dch cha
+
H th ch c 1 phn ng duy nht
+ 2-
3 2 2
2H CO CO H O + +
Cu 115 (H Khi A 2009):Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
1,5M v KHCO
3
1M. Nh t t tng
git cho n ht 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48. B. 1,12. C. 2,24. D. 3,36.
Gii: n (Na
2
CO
3
) = 0,1.1,5 = 0,15 mol = n (CO
3
2-
)
n (KHCO
3
) = 0,1.1 = 0,1 mol = n ( HCO
3
-
)
n (HCl) = 0,2.1 = 0,2 mol = n (H
+
)
+ u tin s c phn ng
+ 2- -
3 3
H + CO HCO
0,15 0,15 0,15

vy tng s mol
-
3
HCO l 0,15 + 0,1 = 0,25 mol
+ Sau do H
+
cn d ( 0,02 0,15 = 0,05 mol ) nn xy ra tip phn ng sau :
+ -
3 2 2
H + HCO CO +H O
0,05 0,05 0,05
du

vy
2
CO
V =0,05.22,4=1,12 l chn B

Cu 116 (H Khi A 2007):Cho t t dung dch chc a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na
2
CO
3
ng
thi khuy u, thu c V lt kh (ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X thy c
xut hin kt ta. Biu thc lin h gia V, a v b l :
A. V = 22,4(a + b) B. V = 11,2 (a b) C. V = 11,2(a + b) D. V = 22,4(a b)
Gii: Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X thy c xut hin kt ta chng t c mui NaHCO
3
:

2 3 2 3 2
Ca(OH) 2NaHCO CaCO3 +Na CO 2H O + +
Vy bi ton c ngha l cho a mol
+
H vo b mol
2-
3
CO cho kh CO
2
v mui NaHCO
3

+ 2- -
3 3
H + CO HCO
b b

tnh theo s mol
2-
3
CO do
+
H phi cn d mi to phn ng th hai c

+ -
3 2 2 2
H du + HCO CO +H O V(CO )=(a-b).22,4
( ) ( ) ( ) a b a b a b

, ta chn D
23
Cu 117 (H Khi A 2010) : Nh t t tng git n ht 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100ml dung dch
cha Na
2
CO
3
0,2 M v NaHCO
3
0,2M. Sau phn ng thu c s mol CO
2
l :
A. 0,01 B. 0,015 C. 0,020 D. 0,030
Gii:
2
3 3
CO HCO H
n 0, 02 mol, n 0, 02mol, n 0, 03 mol
+
= = =
+ u tin s c phn ng
+ 2- -
3 3
H + CO HCO
0, 02 0, 02 0, 02 mol

vy tng s mol
3
HCO
l 0,02 + 0,02 = 0,04 mol

+ Sau do H
+
+
3 2 2
H + HCO CO +H O
0,01 0,01 0,01
du

Vy ta chn A
Cu 118 : Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch Na
2
CO
3
n d th
A. C si bt kh ngay lp tc. B. Ban u khng c si bt, mt thi gian sau si bt.
C. Khng hin tng. D. C kt ta mu trng.
Gii : Chn B
Cu 119 : Cho t t 100ml dung dch HCl 2M vo 200ml dung dch Y cha KHCO
3
1M v K
2
CO
3
1M. Th
tch kh CO
2
thot ra ktc l :
A. 0,0 lt B. 4,48 lt C. 2,24 lt D. 3,36 lt
Gii:
2
3 3
CO HCO H
n 0, 2 mol, n 0, 2mol, n 0, 2 mol
+
= = =
u tin s c phn ng
+ 2
3 3
H + CO HCO
0, 2 0, 2 0, 2 mol

Do H
+
ht phn ng trn nn s khng c kh CO
2
thot ra, chn A
Cu 120 : Nh rt t t n ht 500ml dung dch HCl nng 1,2M vo 480ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
1M ang
c khuy nh, u. Sau phn ng thu c mt dung dch v V lt kh (ktc). Tnh V ?
A. 2,688 B. 13,44 C. 10,752 D. 6,288
Gii:
2
3
CO H
n 0, 48 mol, n 0, 6 mol
+
= =
+ u tin s c phn ng
+ 2
3 3
H + CO HCO
0, 48 0, 48 0, 2 mol

s mol
3
HCO
l 0,2 mol
+ Sau do H
+
+
3 2 2
H HCO CO +H O
0,12 0,12 0,12 mol
du

+

V (CO
2
) = 0,12.22,4 = 2,688 mol , chn A
Dng 11 : PHNG PHP QUY I TRONG HA HC
Phm vi p dng : nhng bi ton hn hp cho qua Axit c tnh xi ha mnh ra sn phm kh ri em
dung dch cho vo kim thu kt ta, sau nung kt ta
Hn hp thng gp :
1/
Mg
MgS
S
quy i v
,
,
,
Mg S
MgS S
MgS Mg

24
2/
2
Cu
CuS
S
Cu S
quy i v
2
,
,
,
,
..............
Cu S
CuS S
CuS Cu
CuS Cu S

3/
2
Fe
FeS
S
FeS
quy i v 2
2
,
,
,
,
..............
Fe S
FeS S
FeS Fe
FeS FeS

Ch : ch a a v 2 cht trong nhiu cht sau ta thng dng bo tan e- v pt hn hp
gii
Tnh : V kh sinh ra, khi lng rn thu c, khi lng hn hp u

Cu 121 : Ha tan han ton 20,8 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeS
2
v S bng HNO
3
d, thot ra sn phm kh duy
nht l 53,76 lt kh NO
2
(ktc) v dung dch A. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch A thu kt ta, nung kt ta trong
khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m (g) cht rn. Tnh gi tr m.
Gii: NO
2

: 2,4 mol
Ta quy i hn hp v Fe (x mol)v FeS
2
(y mol) => m
hh
= 56x + 120y = 20,8 (1)
(c th quy i cch khc, v nu gii ra s mol S m th bi tan vn ng )
0
3
3
3
Fe e Fe
x x x
+

0
3 6
2
15 2
15
FeS e Fe S
y y y
+ +
+

Vy tng s mol e- nhng l n
cho
= 3x + 15y
v n
nhn
=( gim s oxh) . (s mol kh ) = 1.2,4
3.x + 15.y =2,4 (2) =>
2
Fe
FeS
0, 05 n
0,15 n
x
y
= =
= =
ddA
3
2
4
: 0, 2
2.0,15 0, 3
S
Fe x y mol
SO n
+
+ =
= = =

2
, 3
3 2 3
( ) : ( )
nung O OH
Fe Fe OH Fe O a mol
+

3
2 3 2 3
( )
0, 2 2 0,1 0,1 (56 2 16 3) 16
Fe Fe Fe O Fe O
Fe
n n n a a m g
+
= = = = = + = , chn A
Cu 122 : Ha tan hon ton 30,4g rn X gm Cu, CuS, Cu
2
S v S bng HNO
3
d, thot ra 20,16 lt kh NO (sp
kh duy nht ktc) v dung dch Y. Thm Ba(OH)
2
d vo dung dch Y thu c m gam kt ta. Tm gi tr
m. A. 81,55 B. 104,20 C. 110,95 D. 115,85
Gii: NO

: 0,9 mol
Ta quy i hn hp v Cu (x mol) v S

(y mol) m
hh
= 64x + 32y = 30,4 gam (1)
0 0 6
+2
Cu 2 Cu S 6 S
2 y 6y
e e
x x x
+

Vy tng s mol e- nhng l n
cho
= 2.x + 6.y
v n
nhn
= ( gim s oxh) . (s mol kh ) = 3.0,9 = 2,7 mol
Ta c h :
64 32 30, 4
0, 3; y 0, 35
2 6 2, 7
x y
x
x y
+ =
= =
+ =

25
2OH 2+
2
Cu Cu(OH)
0, 3 0,3 mol
Nn
2
Cu(OH)
m 0, 3.98 29, 4 gam = =
2+ 2
4 4
Ba SO BaSO
0, 35 0,35 mol
Nn
4
BaSO
m 0, 35.233 81, 55 gam = = ,
Khi lng kt ta = 29,4 + 81,55 = 110,95 gam, chn C

Cu 123 : Hn hp X gm Mg, MgS v S. Ha tan han ton m gam X trong HNO
3
d thu c 2,912 lt kh
N
2
duy nht (ktc) v dung dch Y. Thm Ba(OH)
2
d vo Y thu c 46,55 g kt ta. Tm m.
A. 4,8 B. 7,2 C.9,6 D. 12,0
Gii: N
2

: 0,13 mol , Ta quy i hn hp v Mg (x mol) v S

(y mol) m
hh
= 24x + 32y

0 0 6
+2
Mg 2 Mg S 6 S
2 y 6y
e e
x x x
+

Bo ton electron : 2x + 6y = 10.0,13 (1)

2+ 2+ 2
2 4 4
Mg 2OH Mg(OH) Ba SO BaSO
x x y y

+ +

58 233 46, 55 gam m x y = + = (2)
Suy ra x = 0,2 mol , y = 0,15 mol , m
hh
= 24x + 32y = 9,6 gam , chn C

Cu 124 : Ha tan hon ton 25,6 g hn hp X gm Fe, FeS, FeS
2
v S vo dung dch HNO

d thu c V lt kh
NO duy nht ktc v dung dch Y. Thm Ba(OH)
2
d vo Y thu c 126,25 g kt ta. Tm V.
A. 17,92 B. 19,04 C. 24,64 D. 27,58
Gii: Ta quy i hn hp v Fe (x mol) v S

(y mol) m
hh
= 56x + 32y = 25,6 gam (1)

3 4
Fe(OH) BaSO
m m 107 233 126, 25 m x y = + = + = (2)
(1) v (2) ta c : x = 0,2 mol ; y = 0,45 mol
Bo ton electron : 3x + 6y = 3.
V
22,4
V = 24,64 lt, chn C

Cu 125 : Ha tan hon ton 3,76 gam hn hp: S, FeS, FeS
2
trong HNO
3
c d c 10,752 lt NO
2
( 27,3
0
C
v 1,1 atm) l sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d vo X, lc kt ta nung n
khi lng khng i th khi lng cht rn thu c l:
Gii: NO
2
: 0, 48 mol
Ta quy i hn hp v Fe (x mol) v S

(y mol) m
hh
= 56x + 32y = 3,76 gam (1)
Bo ton electron : 3x + 6y = 1.0,48 (2)
Ta c : x = 0,03 , y = 0,065 mol
4
BaSO
m 233 15,145 gam y = =

3 2 3
2Fe(OH) Fe O
0,03 0,015 mol

2 3
Fe O
0, 015.160 2, 4 gam m = =
Khi lng cht rn = 15,145 + 2,4 = 17,545 gam , chn A
Dng 12 :
3
HNO 2- 3+ 2+
2 2 4
FeS, FeS , CuS, Cu S SO ,Fe ,Cu NO +

( d.d ch cha mui sunfat duy nht )
Cu 126 ( H Khi A 2007) : Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS
2
v a mol Cu
2
S vo acid HNO
3

(va ), thu c dung dch ch cha 2 mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca a l ?
26
A. 0,04 B. 0,075 C. 0,12 D.0,06
Gii: Dung dch thu c ch cha mui sunfat duy nht nn ch cha cc ion : Fe
3+
; Cu
2+
; SO
4
2-

3
2+
2-
4
Fe
Fe
Cu
Cu
2
S
SO
n n 0,12.1 0,12
0,12 mol FeS
n n 0, 2.a 0, 2a
a mol Cu S
n n 0,12.2 a.1 0, 24 a
+
= = =

= = =

= = + = +

Bo ton in tch : 0,12 . 3 + 2.2a = (0,24 + a ).2 a = 0,06 , chn D

Cu 127 : Ha tan hon ton hh gm a mol FeS
2
; 0,5a mol FeS v 0,06 mol Cu
2
S vo axit HNO
3
va thu
c dung dch X ch cha 2 mui sunfat v kh NO duy nht . Gi tr ca a l :
A.0,24 B.0,2 C.0,12 D.0,06
Gii: Dung dch thu c ch cha mui sunfat duy nht nn ch cha cc ion : Fe
3+
; Cu
2+
; SO
4
2-

3
2+
2-
4
Fe
Fe 2
bao toan nguyen to
Cu
Cu
2
S
SO
n n 0, 5 1, 5
a mol FeS
0,5a mol FeS n n 0, 06.2 0,12
0, 06 mol Cu S
n n 2, 5 0, 06
a a a
a
+
= = + =

= = =

= = +

Bo ton in tch : 1,5a.3 + 0,12.2 = (0,06 + 2,5.a ).2 a = 0,24 , chn A
Cu 128: Khi cho hn hp FeS v Cu
2
S phn ng vi dung dch HNO
3
d s thu c dung dch cha cc ion
A. Cu
2+
, S
2-
, Fe
2+
, H
+
, NO
3 -
. B. Cu
2+
, Fe
3+
, H
+
, NO
3-
.
C. Cu
2+
, SO
4
2 -
, Fe
3+
, H
+
, NO
3 -
. D. Cu
2+
, SO
4
2-
, Fe
2+
, H
+
, NO
3-
.
Gii: Chn C v cn c HNO
3
d

Cu 129 : Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm x mol FeS
2
v 0,05 mol Cu
2
S vo acid HNO
3
(va ), thu c
dung dch ch cha 2 mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca x l ?
A. 0,15 B. 0,2 C. 0,1 D.0,05
Gii:
3
2+
2-
4
Fe
Fe
Cu
Cu
2
S
SO
n n
x mol FeS
n n 0, 05.2 0,1
0, 05 mol Cu S
n n 2 0, 05
x
x
+
= =

= = =

= = +

Bo ton in tch : x.3 + 0,1.2 = (0,05 + 2.x).2 x = 0,1 , chn C
Cu 130 : Cho hn hp A gm x mol FeS
2
v y mol Cu
2
S tc dng vi HNO
3
long, d un nng ch thu c
mui sunfat duy nht ca cc kim loi v gii phng kh NO duy nht. T l x/y c gi tr l :
A. 0,5 B. 1 C. 1,5 D. 2
Gii:
3
2+
2-
4
Fe
Fe
Cu
Cu
2
S
SO
n n
x mol FeS
n n 2
y mol Cu S
n n 2
x
y
x y
+
= =

= =

= = +

Bo ton in tch : x.3 + 2y.2 = (y + 2.x).2 x : y = 2 , chn D

Cu 131 : Ha tan hon ton a gam hn hp X ( FeS
2
v Cu
2
S ) vo dung dch HNO3 (va ) thu c dung
dch Y ch cha 2 mui sunfat duy nht v 17,92 lt kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht. Tm a :
A. 12 B. 16 C. 24 D. 25
Gii: t x v y ln lt l s mol FeS
2
v Cu
2
S
27

3
2+
2-
4
Fe
Fe
Cu
Cu
2
S
SO
n n
x mol FeS
n n 2
y mol Cu S
n n 2
x
y
x y
+
= =

= =

= = +

Bo ton in tch : x.3 + 2y.2 = (y + 2.x).2 x : y = 2 hay x = 2y

5 2
N 3e N
2,4 0,8 mol
+ +
+

0 +3 6
2
0 +2 6
2
FeS Fe 2 S 15e
x 15x
Cu S 2Cu 1S 10e
y 10y
+
+
+ +
+ +

Bo ton electron : 15x + 10y = 2,4 suy ra x = 0,06 mol , y = 0,12 mol
Vy a = 120.0,12 + 160.0,06 = 24 gam, chn C
Dng 13 : TON MUI ( TON THUN)
Cho CO
2
hocSO
2
hoc H
2
S hoc P
2
O
5
hoc H
3
PO
4
vo dung dch cha mt trong cc dung dch NaOH,
KOH , Ca(OH)
2
, Ba(OH)
2

Cho NH
3
vo dung dich cha H
3
PO
4

V nhiu dng tng t , ta cn lp s mol ca 2 nguyn t quan trng s thy sn phm v s dng bo
ton nguyn t s tm ra s mol sn phm d dng m khng cn phi vit phng trnh phn ng

Cu 132 : 0,1 mol CO
2
hp th vo dd cha 0,2 mol NaOH. Tm cc cht tan c trong dung dch.
A. Na
2
CO
3
B. NaHCO
3

C. Na
2
CO
3
v NaOH d D. NaHCO
3
v Na
2
CO
3
Gii: Nhn xt : ch c th c 2 mui l
Na
2
CO
3
( Na : C = 2 : 1= 2 ) hoc NaHCO
3
( Na : C = 1 : 1 = 1)
n
C
= n
CO2
= 0,1 mol , n
Na
= n
NaOH
= 0,2 mol
lp t l
Na
C
n 0, 2
2
n 0,1
= = to mui Na
2
CO
3
( Na : C = 2 : 1 ), chn A
Cu 133 : 0,1 mol CO
2
hp th vo dung dch cha 0,18 mol KOH. Tm cc sn phm
A. K
2
CO
3
B. KHCO
3

C. K
2
CO
3
v KOH d D. KHCO
3
v K
2
CO
3
Gii: Nhn xt : ch c th c 2 mui l
K
2
CO
3
( K : C = 2 : 1 =2 ) hoc KHCO
3
( K : C = 1 : 1 = 1)
ng dng n
C
= n
CO2
= 0,1 , n
K
= n
KOH
= 0,18
lp t l
0,18
1 1, 8 2
0,1
K
C
n
n
< = = < c c 2 mui
2 3
3
K CO
KHCO

Ta chn D
Cu 134 : 0,5 mol P
2
O
5
cho vo dd cha 0,8 mol Ca(OH)
2
. Tm cc sn phm ?
A. Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
B. Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
v CaHPO
4

B. Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
v Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
D. Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2

Gii: Nhn xt : ch c th c 3 mui l Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
( Ca : P = 3 : 2 = 1,5 )
Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
( Ca : P = 1 : 2 = 0,5 )
v CaHPO
4
( Ca : P = 1 : 1 = 1 )
n
P
= 2.0,5 = 1 mol , n
Ca
= 0,8.1 = 0,8 mol
28
lp t s
( )
2 4
2
4
Ca H PO
0, 8
0, 5 0, 8 1
1
CaHPO
Ca
P
n
n

< = = <

, Chn B
Cu 135 : Trn 450 ml dung dch NaOH 1 vi 150 ml dung dch H
3
PO
4
2M. Dung dch thu c sau phn
ng cha nhng mui no ?
A. NaH
2
PO
4
v Na
2
HPO
4
B. Na
3
PO
4
v Na
2
HPO
4

C. NaH
2
PO
4
v NaOH d D. Na
2
HPO
4
Gii: Nhn xt : : ch c th c 3 mui l Na
3
PO
4
( Na : P = 3 : 1 = 3 )
NaH
2
PO
4
( Na : P = 1 : 1 = 1 )
v Na
2
HPO
4
( Na : P = 2 : 1 = 2 )
n(NaOH) = 0,45.1 = 0,45 mol = n Na n(H
3
PO
4
) = 0,15.2 =0,3 mol = n P
lp t l
0, 45
1 1, 5 2
0, 3
Na
P
n
n
< = = <
NaH
2
PO
4
v Na
2
HPO
4
, chn A
Cu 136 : Trn dung dch cha a mol Ca(OH)
2
vi dung dch cha b mol H
3
PO
4
. Chn t l f = a/b nh th
no sau phn ng thu c 2 mui gm Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
v CaHPO
4
.
A. 1 < f < 2 B. 1 < f < 1,5
C. 0,5 < f < 1 D. 0,5 < f < 1,5
Gii: Nu bi ny chng ta ghi phng trnh th bi ton s rt phc tp, khng ph hp cho k thi quc gia
theo phng php trc nghim. Tc gi xin trnh bi cch gii n gin sau :
Nhn xt : c 2 mui l Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
( Ca : P = 1 : 2 = 0,5 )
v CaHPO
4
( Ca : P = 1 : 1 = 1 ) ( cho 2 mui ny )
n
Ca
= a v n
P
= b
m
Ca
C
n a
f
b n
= = nn ta thy 0,5 < f < 1, chn C
Cu 137 : Cho 2,24 lt H
2
S vo 100ml dung dch NaOH 1,6M thu c dung dch X. tnh s gam mui thu
c khi c cn dung dch X ?
A. 6,92 B. 2,96 C. 9,26 D. 92,6
Gii: Nhn xt : c 2 mui l NaHS ( Na : S = 1 : 1 = 1 ) v Na
2
S ( Na : S = 2 : 1 = 2 )
n(H
2
S) = 0,1 mol = nS v n (NaOH) = 0,1.1,6 = 0,16 mol = n Na
lp t l
2
2 0,16 0, 04
0,16
1 1, 6 2
0,1 0, 06 0,1
Na
S
NaHS x mol nNa x y x
n
Na S y mol nS x y y n
= + = =
< = = <

= + = =

m(mui) = m(NaHS) + m(Na
2
S) = 0,0,4.56 + 0,06.78 = 6,92 gam, chn A
Cu 138 (H Khi B 2008) Cho 0,1 mol P
2
O
5
vo 0,35 mol KOH. Dung dch thu c gm nhng cht :
A. K
3
PO
4
, K
2
HPO
4
B. K
2
HPO
4
, KH
2
PO
4

C. K
3
PO
4
v KOH D. H
3
PO
4
v KH
2
PO
4
Gii: n
P
= 0,1.2 = 0,2 v n
K
= 0,35.1 = 0,35
0, 35
1 1, 75 2
0, 2
K
P
n
n
< = = < nn ta chn p n B

Cu 139 (TN THPT 2007) Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt SO
2
(ktc) vo dung dch cha 16 gam NaOH thu
c dung dch X. Khi lng mui tan c trong dung dch X l :
Gii: Nhn xt : ch c th c 2 mui l Na
2
SO
3
( Na : S = 2 : 1= 2 ) hoc NaHSO
3
( Na : S = 1 : 1 = 1)
Ta c n
S
= n
SO2
= 0,2 mol , n
Na
= n
NaOH
= 16/40 =0,4 mol
2 3
0, 4
2 2 0, 2
0, 2
Na
S
S
n
Na SO a mol n
n
= = = =
vy khi lng mui l m (mui) = 0,2.126 = 25,2 gam
Chn cu D ( c th tnh theo s mol Na cng c )
29
Cu 140 : Cho
0,25a
17
mol P
2
O
5
vo 125 gam dung dch NaOH 16% thu c dung dch Y ch cha 2 mui
NaH
2
PO
4
v Na
2
HPO
4
. Gi tr ca a nm trong khong no sau y ?
A. 8,5 < a < 17 B. 17 < a < 34
C. 10,2 < a < 20,4 D. 1207 < a < 2414
Gii: Nhn xt : NaH
2
PO
4
( Na : P = 1 : 1 = 1 ) v Na
2
HPO
4
( Na : P = 2 : 1 = 2 )
n(P) =
0,25a
17
.2 =
0,5a
17
v n (Na) = n( NaOH) =
16 125
. 0, 5
100 40
=
Ta c
P
Na
0,5a
n a
17
= =
n 0,5 17

v t bi ta c
P
Na
n a
1 = 2 17 34
n 17
a < < < < chn p n B
Cu 141 (H Khi B 2009): Cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1,5M vo 200 ml dung dch H
3
PO
4
0,5M, thu
c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X, thu c hn hp gm cc cht sau l :
A. K
3
PO
4
, K
2
HPO
4
B. K
2
HPO
4
, KH
2
PO
4

C. K
3
PO
4
v KOH D. H
3
PO
4
v KH
2
PO
4
Gii: n
K
= 0,15 mol , n
P
= 0,1 mol

KOH + H
3
PO
4

K
P
n 0,15
1 1, 5 2
n 0,1
< = = < nn sn phm l KH
2
PO
4
v K
2
HPO
4
, chn B

Cu 142 (C 2010): Hp th hon ton 3,36 lt CO
2
(ktc) vo 125 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
1M thu c
dung dch X. Coi th tch dung dch khng thay i, nng mol ca cht tan trong dung dch X l :
A. 0,4M B. 0,2M C. 0,6M D. 0,1M

Gii: CO
2
: 0,15 mol

+ Ba(OH)
2
: 0,125 mol

2 2
C CO Ba Ba(OH)
n n 0,15 mol; n n 0,125 mol = = = =

Ba
C
n 0,125 5
0, 5 1
n 0,15 6
< = = < nn c c hai mui BaCO
3
: x mol , Ba(HCO
3
)
2
: y mol
n
C
= x + 2y = 0,15 mol , n
Ba
= x + y = 0,125 mol x = 0,1 mol , y = 0,025 mol
[Ba(HCO
3
)
2
] = 0,025 : 0,125 = 0,2 M, Chn B
Cu 143 (C 2008): Dn t t V lt kh CO (ktc) i qua ng s ng lng d hn hp rn gm CuO,
Fe
2
O
3
( nhit cao). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh X. Dn ton b kh X trn vo
lng d Ca(OH)
2
th to 4 gam kt ta. Gi tr V l :
A. 1,120 B. 0,896 C. 0,448 D. 0,224
Gii: Ca(OH)
2
d nn
2 3
CO CaCO
4
n n 0, 04 mol
100
= = =
K
2
HPO
4
, K : P = 2
KH
2
PO
4
, K : P = 1
K
3
PO
4
, K : P = 3
Ba(HCO
3
)
2
, Ba : C = 1 : 2 = 0,5
BaCO
3
, Ba : C = 1
30

2
CO CO CO
n n 0, 04 mol V 0, 04.22, 4 0, 896 = = = = lt, Chn B
Cu 144 : Cho a mol CO
2
hp th hon ton vo dung dch cha 2a mol NaOH. Dung dch thu c sau phn
ng c gi tr pH:
A. > 7 B. < 7 C. Khng xc nh. D. = 7
Gii: ch c th c 2 mui l
Na
2
CO
3
( Na : C = 2 : 1= 2 ) hoc NaHCO
3
( Na : C = 1 : 1 = 1)
n
C
= n
CO2
= a mol , n
Na
= n
NaOH
= 2a mol
lp t l
Na
C
n 2
2
n
a
a
= = to mui Na
2
CO
3
( Na : C = 2 : 1 ), dung dch trung tnh, pH = 7, chn D

Cu 145 : Hn hp X gm Fe
2
O
3
, FeO, Al
2
O
3
c khi lng l 42,4 gam. Khi cho X tc dng vi CO d, un
nng thu c 41,6 gam cht rn Y v hn hp gm CO, CO
2
. Khi cho hn hp kh ny qua dung dch
Ba(OH)
2
d th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr m l :
Gii: m
O (trong xit)
= 41,6 42,4 = 0,8 gam
Ba(OH)
2
d :
2 3
O CO BaCO
0, 8
n n n 0, 05 mol
16
= = = =
Khi lng kt ta : m = 0,05.197 = 9,85 gam, chn B
Cu 146 : Qu trnh thi CO
2
vo dung dch NaOH mui to thnh theo th t l
A. NaHCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
B. Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3

C. Na
2
CO
3
D. Khng d kin xc nh.
: Gii: Chon A
Cu 147 : Thi kh CO
2
d vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
mui thu c l
A. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
B. CaCO
3
C. C A v B D. Khng xc nh c.
Gii: Chn A
Cu 148 : Kh m gam hn hp MgO, FeO, CuO bng kh CO nhit cao, sau phn ng thu c 21,6 gam
hn hp rn A v hn hp kh B, cho B i qua dung dch Ba(OH)
2
thu c 19,7 gam kt ta v dung dch C.
Lc b kt ta, un nng dung dch C li xut hin thm 19,7 gam kt ta na. Gi tr m l :
A. 28,4 B. 25,5 C. 26,4 D. 32,4
Gii:
3
BaCO
19, 7
n 0,1 mol
197
= =
un nng dung dch C li c kt ta chng t :
0
t
3 2 3 2 2
Ba(HCO ) BaCO CO H O
0,1 0,1 0,1 mol
+ +

Khi cho CO
2
vo c 2 phng trnh :

2 2 3 2
2 2 3 2
Ba(OH) CO BaCO H O
0,1 0,1
Ba(OH) 2CO Ba(HCO )
0, 2 0,1
+ +
+

2
CO O (trong oxit)
n 0, 2 0,1 0, 3 n = + = =
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng : m = m
A
+ m
O
= 21,6 +0,3.16 = 26,4 gam, chn C
Cu 149 (H Khi B 2008) : Nhit phn hon ton 40 gam mt loi qung lmit c ln tp cht tr sinh ra
8,96 lt kh CO2(ktc). Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca CaCO
3
.MgCO
3
trong loi qung nu trn l
A. 84%. B. 50%. C. 92%. D. 40%.
Gii:
2
CO
8, 96
n 0, 4 mol
22, 4
= =
;
0
3 3 2
CaCO ,MgCO CaO.MgO 2CO
0, 2 0,4
t
+

3 3
MgCO .CaCO
m 0, 2.(100 84) 36, 8 gam = + =

31

36, 8
% m= 100 92%
40
= , chn C
Cu 150 (H Khi B 2007) : Nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr 2, thu c 6,8
gam cht rn v kh X. Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, khi lng mui khan
thu c sau phn ng l
Gii:
NaOH Na
n 0, 075.1 0, 075 mol n = = =

3
2
MCO MO
CO C
m m
13, 4 6,8
n 0,15 mol n
44 44

= = = =

Na
3
C
n 1
1 NaHCO
n 2
= <
v CO
2
d,
CO
2
+ NaOH NaHCO
3

0,075 0,075 mol, nn m (NaHCO
3
) = 0,075.84 = 6,3 gam, chn C
Cu 151 : Hp th ht 0,35 mol CO
2
vo duung dch cha 0,225 mol Ca(OH)
2
. Tnh lng kt ta thu c
Gii: V
OH
n
1 1, 28 2 100(0, 45 0, 35) 10 gam
n
m
= = =
, chn A

Dng 14 : TON MUI (TON NGC)
Cho CO
2
vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
hoc Ba(OH)
2
thu c kt ta l CaCO
3
hoc BaCO
3

Vn 1 : Bit
2 3
Ca(OH) CaCO
n , n
, tm
2
CO
n

TH1 : ch c kt ta
2
CO
n n =

TH2 : c kt ta, sau kt ta tan 1 phn :
2 2
CO Ca(OH)
n 2.n n =

Vn 2 : Bit
3 2
CaCO CO
n , n
, tm
2
Ca(OH)
n

Nu
3 2
CaCO CO
n n
th
2 3
2
CO CaCO
Ca(OH)
n n
n
2
+
=

Cu 152 : Hp th ton b x mol CO
2
vo dung dch cha 0,03 mol Ca(OH)
2
thu c 2 gam kt ta. Tm x ?
A. 0,02 mol v 0,04 mol B. 0,02 mol v 0,05 mol
C. 0,01 mol v 0,03 mol D. 0,03 mol v 0,04 mol
Gii:
3
CaCO
2
n n 0, 02 mol
100
= = =
TH1 : ch c kt ta
2
CO
n n 0, 02 mol = =

2 2
CO Ca(OH)
n 2.n n 2.0, 03 0, 02 0, 04 mol = = = , Chn A
Cu 153 : Dn V lt CO
2
(ktc) vo 300 ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,5M. Sau phn ng thu c 10 gam kt ta.
Gi tr V bng ?
A. 2,24 lt B. 3,36 lt C. 4,48 lt D. C A v C
Gii:
3 2
CaCO Ca(OH)
10
n n 0,1 mol; n 0, 5.0, 3 0,15 mol
100
= = = = =
32
TH1 : ch c kt ta
2
CO
n n 0,1 mol V 0,1.22, 4 2, 24 = = = = lt

2 2
CO Ca(OH)
n 2.n n 2.0,15 0,1 0, 2 mol V 0, 2.22, 4 4, 48 = = = = = lt, Chn D
Cu 154 : Khi cho 0,35 mol CO
2
hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
u thu c 0,05 mol kt ta. S
mol Ca(OH)
2
trong dung dch l
A. 0,15. B. 0,2. C. 0,3. D. 0,05.
Gii: Do
3 2
CaCO CO
n n
nn
2 3
2
CO CaCO
Ca(OH)
n n
0, 35 0, 05
n 0, 2
2 2
+
+
= = = , chn B
Cu 155 : Hp th ht k mol SO
2
bng 150 ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
1M thy c 12 gam kt ta trng to thnh .
Tnh k ?
A. 0,1 v 0,2 B. 0,15 v 02 C. 0,15 v 0,25 D. 0,1
Gii:
3
CaSO
12
n n 0,1 mol
120
= = = ,
2
Ca(OH)
n 1.0,15 0,15 mol = =
TH1 : ch c kt ta
2
SO
n n 0,1 mol = =

2 2
CO Ca(OH)
n 2.n n 2.0,15 0,1 0, 2 mol = = = , Chn A
Cu 156 : Hp th ht a mol SO
2
bng 150 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
1M thy c 21,7 gam kt ta trng to thnh.
Tnh gi tr a ?
A. 0,1 v 0,2 B. 0,15 v 02 C. 0,15 v 0,25 D. 0,1
Gii:
3
BaSO
21, 7
n n 0,1 mol
217
= = = ,
2
Ba(OH)
n 1.0,15 0,15 mol = =
TH1 : ch c kt ta
2
SO
n n 0,1 mol = =

2 2
SO Ba(OH)
n 2.n n 2.0,15 0,1 0, 2 mol = = = , Chn A
Cu 157 : Cho V lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,05M, thu c 7,5 gam kt ta. V c gi tr
l :
A. 1,68 lt B. 2,88 lt
C. 2,24 lt v 2,8 lt D. 1,68 lt v 2,8 lt
Gii:
3 2
CaCO Ca(OH)
7, 5
n n 0, 075 mol; n 0, 05.2 0,1 mol
100
= = = = =
TH1 : ch c kt ta
2
CO
n n 0, 075 mol V 0, 075.22, 4 1, 68 = = = = lt

2 2
CO Ca(OH)
n 2.n n 2.0,1 0, 075 0,125 mol V 0,125.22, 4 2, 8 = = = = = lt, Chn D
Cu 158 (H Khi A 2007): Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt CO
2
(ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)
2
nng a
mol/lt, thu c 15,76 gam kt ta. Gi tr a l :
A. 0,032 B. 0,048 C. 0,06 D. 0,04
Gii:
2 3
CO BaCO
2, 688 15, 76
n 0,12 mol; n 0, 08 mol
22, 4 197
= = = =

Do
2 3
CO BaCO
n n nn
2 3
2
CO BaCO
Ba(OH)
n n
0,12 0, 08
n 0,1 mol
2 2
+
+
= = = ,

0,1
a 0,04M
2, 5
= = , Chn D
Cu 159 : Cho 2,24 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 20 lt dung dch Ca(OH)
2
, ta thu c 6 gam kt ta. Vy nng
mol/l ca dung dch Ca(OH)
2
l:
33
A. 0,004M. B. 0,002M. C. 0,006M. D. 0,008M.
Gii:
2 3
CO CaCO
2, 24 6
n 0,1 mol; n 0, 06 mol
22, 4 100
= = = =

Do
2 3
CO CaCO
n n nn
2 3
2
CO CaCO
Ca(OH)
n n
0,1 0, 06
n 0, 08 mol
2 2
+
+
= = = ,

2
0, 08
[Ca(OH) ] 0,004M
20
= = , chn A
Cu 160 : Dn V lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,1M thu c 1 gam kt ta. Vy V c gi
tr l :
A. 0,224 hoc 0,896 B. 0,366 hoc 0,672
C. 0,224 hoc 0,672 D. 0,896
Gii:
3 2
CaCO Ca(OH)
1
n n 0, 01 mol; n 0, 02 mol
100
= = = =
TH1 : ch c kt ta
2
CO
n n 0, 01 mol V 0, 01.22, 4 0, 224 = = = = lt

2 2
CO Ca(OH)
n 2.n n 2.0, 02 0, 01 0, 03 mol V 0, 03.22, 4 0, 672 = = = = = lt, Chn C
Cu 161 : Cho V lt CO
2
(ktc) vo dung dch A cha 0,2 mol Ca(OH)
2
thu c 2,5 gam kt ta. Gi tr V l :
A. 0,56 hoc 11,2 B. 0,896 hoc 6,72
C. 0,896 hoc 11,2 D. 0,56 hoc 8,40
Gii:
3 2
CaCO Ca(OH)
2, 5
n n 0, 025 mol; n 0, 2 mol
100
= = = =
TH1 : ch c kt ta
2
CO
n n 0, 025 mol V 0, 025.22, 4 0, 56 = = = = lt

2 2
CO Ca(OH)
n 2.n n 2.0, 2 0, 025 0, 375 mol V 0, 375.22, 4 8, 4 = = = = = lt, Chn D
Cu 162 : Hp th hon ton V lt CO
2
(ktc) vo 500 lt dung dch Ba(OH)
2
1M, thu c 59,1 gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca V l :
A. 6,72 hoc 11,2 B. 11,2 hoc 15,68
C. 15,68 hoc 8,96 D. 6,72 hoc 15,68
Gii:
3
BaCO
59,1
n 0, 3 mol
197
= = ,
2
Ba(OH)
n 0, 5 mol =
TH1 : ch c kt ta
2
CO
n n 0, 3 mol V 0, 3.22, 4 6, 72 = = = = lt

2 2
CO Ba(OH)
n 2.n n 2.0, 5 0, 3 0, 7 mol V 0, 7.22, 4 15, 68 = = = = = lt, Chn D
Cu 163 : Cho 4,48 lt CO
2
vo 2 lt dung dch Ba(OH)
2
thu c 2,955 gam kt ta. Hy tnh nng mol/lt
ca dung dch Ba(OH)
2
:
A. 0,05375M B. 0,07354M C. 0,0875M D. 0,00023M
Gii:
2 3
CO BaCO
4, 48 2, 955
n 0, 2 mol; n 0, 015 mol
22, 4 197
= = = =
Do
2 3
CO BaCO
n n nn
2 3
2
CO BaCO
Ba(OH)
n n
0, 2 0, 015
n 0,1075 mol
2 2
+
+
= = =
[Ba(OH)
2
] = 0,1075 : 2 = 0,05375 M , chn A
Dng 15 : HP TH CO
2
, SO
2
VO DD HN HP NaOH v Ca(OH)
2

Cn tnh : 2+
2
CO
OH Ca
n ; n ; n

2 3
CO OH HCO

+
34

2
2 3 2
CO 2OH CO H O

+ + , lp t s
2
OH
CO
n
f
n

=

2+ 2
3 3
Ca CO CaCO
+ hay
2+ 2
3 3
Ba CO BaCO
+

Cu 164 (H Khi A 2008): Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm
NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,82. B. 19,70. C. 9,85. D. 17,73.
2+
2 2
NaOH Ba(OH) CO
Ba OH
n 0,05 mol; n n 0,1 mol; n 0, 25 mol; n 0, 2 mol
= = = = =

2
OH
CO
n
0, 25
1 f 1, 25 2
n 0, 2
< = = = <

2 3
CO OH HCO
x x

+

2
2 3 2
CO 2OH CO H O
y 2y y

+ +

suy ra :
0, 2 0,15
2 0, 25 0, 05
x y x
x y y
+ = =

+ = =

2+ 2
3 3
Ba CO BaCO
0, 05 0, 05 0, 05
+

Khi lng kt ta l :
3
BaCO
m 0, 05.197 9, 85 = =
gam, Chn C
Cu 165 (H Khi A 2009): Cho 0,448 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp
NaOH 0,06M v Ba(OH)
2
0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,182. B. 2,364. C. 3,940. D. 1,970.
2+
2 2
NaOH Ba(OH) CO
Ba OH
n 0,006 mol; n n 0, 012 mol; n 0, 03 mol; n 0, 02 mol
= = = = =

2
OH
CO
n
0, 03
1 f 1, 5 2
n 0, 02
< = = = <

2 3
CO OH HCO
x x

+

2
2 3 2
CO 2OH CO H O
y 2y y

+ +

suy ra :
0, 02 0, 01
2 0, 03 0, 01
x y x
x y y
+ = =

+ = =

2+ 2
3 3
Ba CO BaCO
0, 0 0, 01 0, 01
+

Khi lng kt ta l :
3
BaCO
m 0, 01.197 1, 97 = =
gam, Chn D
Cu 166 : Hp th ht 0,35 mol CO
2
vo dung dch cha ng thi 0,3 mol NaOH v 0,125 mol Ca(OH)
2
.
Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c ?
A. 15,4 gam B. 12,5 gam C, 12,6 gam D. 12,7 gam
2+
2
Ca(OH)
Ca OH
n n 0,125 mol; n 0, 55 mol
= = =

2
OH
CO
n
0, 55
1 f 1, 57 2
n 0, 35
< = = = <

2 3
CO OH HCO
x x

+

2
2 3 2
CO 2OH CO H O
y 2y y

+ +

suy ra :
0, 35 0,15
2 0, 55 0, 2
x y x
x y y
+ = =

+ = =

2+ 2
3 3
Ca CO CaCO
0,125 0,125 0,125
+

Khi lng kt ta l :
3
BaCO
m 0,125.100 12, 5 = =
gam, Chn B
35
Cu 167 (H Khi A 2011): Hp th hon ton 0,672 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch gm NaOH
0,025M v Ca(OH)
2
0,0125M, thu c x gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 2,00. B. 0,75. C. 1,00. D. 1,25.

2
CO
n 0, 03 mol =
,
NaOH
n 0, 025 mol =
2+
2
Ca(OH)
Ca OH
n n 0, 0125 mol; n 0, 05 mol
= = =

2
OH
CO
n
0, 05
1 f 1, 67 2
n 0, 03
< = = = <

2 3
CO OH HCO
x x

+

2
2 3 2
CO 2OH CO H O
y 2y y

+ +

suy ra :
0, 03 0, 01
2 0, 05 0, 02
x y x
x y y
+ = =

+ = =

2+ 2
3 3
Ca CO CaCO
0, 0125 0, 0125 0, 0125
+

Khi lng kt ta l :
3
BaCO
m 0, 0125.100 1, 25 = =
gam, Chn D
Cu 168 : Sc 9,52 lt SO
2
(ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp: NaOH 1M Ba(OH)
2
0,5M KOH 0,5M.
Kt thc phn ng thu c m gam kt ta. Tr s ca m l:

2
SO
n 0, 425 mol =
,
NaOH
n 0, 2 mol = ;
KOH
n 0,1 mol =
2+
2
Ba(OH)
Ba OH
n n 0,1 mol; n 0, 5 mol
= = =

2
OH
SO
n
0, 5
1 f 1,17 2
n 0, 425
< = = = <

2 3
SO OH HSO
x x

+

2
2 3 2
SO 2OH SO H O
y 2y y

+ +

suy ra :
0, 425 0, 35
2 0, 5 0, 075
x y x
x y y
+ = =

+ = =

2+ 2
3 3
Ca SO BaSO
0, 075 0, 075 0, 075
+

Khi lng kt ta l :
3
BaSO
m 0, 075.217 16, 275 = =
gam, Chn A
Cu 169 : Dung dch A cha NaOH 1M v Ca(OH)
2
0,25M. Sc 2,24 lt (ktc) kh CO
2
vo 100 ml dung dch
A ta thu c mt kt ta c khi lng :
A. 10 g. B. 5 g. C. 2,5 g. D. 15 g.

2
CO
n 0,1 mol =
,
NaOH
n 0,1 mol =

2+
2
Ca(OH)
Ca OH
n n 0, 025mol; n 0,15 mol
= = =

2
OH
CO
n
0,15
1 f 1, 5 2
n 0,1
< = = = <

2 3
CO OH HCO
x x

+

2
2 3 2
CO 2OH CO H O
y 2y y

+ +

suy ra :
0,1 0, 05
2 0,15 0, 05
x y x
x y y
+ = =

+ = =

36

2+ 2
3 3
Ca CO CaCO
0, 025 0, 025 0, 025
+

Khi lng kt ta l :
3
BaCO
m 0, 025.100 2, 5 = =
gam, Chn C
Dng 16 : CHO BAZ TC DNG VI DUNG DCH MUI NHM (Al
3+
)
Phng trnh ion :

4
3+
3
3 2 2
Al 3OH Al(OH)
Al(OH) OH Al(OH) ( AlO 2H O)

+
+ +

Khi cho dung dch baz tc dng vi dung dch mui nhm ( cha ion Al
3+
) th ban u c kt ta
keo trng, sau kt ta s tan nu baz cn d.
Cng thc gii nhanh :
TH
1
: ch c kt ta
3
Al(OH)
OH min
n 3n
=

TH
2
: c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn : 3
3
Al(OH)
OH max Al
n 4n n
+
=

Ch n trng hp
2+ 2
4 4
Ba SO BaSO
+
Nu c axit th u tin phn ng
+
2
H OH H O
+ c ngha l +
OH H
n n
=

Cu 170 : Cn dng bao nhiu mol NaOH vo dung dch cha 0,4 mol AlCl
3
thu c 0,1 mol kt ta ?
A. 0,2 mol hoc 0,9 mol B. 0,3 mol hoc 1,5 mol
C. 0,4 mol hoc 1,6 mol D. 0,7 mol hoc 1,7 mol
Cch 1 : C 2 kh nng :
+ NaOH dng thiu (tc kt ta cha t cc i)

3 3
AlCl 3NaOH Al(OH) 3NaCl
0,1 0,3 0,1 mol
+ +

+ NaOH dng tha (tc kt ta t cc i ri tan bt 1 phn)

3 3
AlCl 3NaOH Al(OH) 3NaCl
0,4 1,2 0,4 mol
+ +

Tan : bt 0,3 mol cn 0,1 mol

4
3
Al(OH) NaOH Al(OH)
0,3 0,3 0,3 mol
+

NaOH
n 0, 3 1, 2 1, 5 mol = + = , chn B
Cch 2 : TH
1
: ch c kt ta
3
Al(OH)
OH min
n 3n 3.0,1 0, 3 mol
= = =

TH
2
: c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn :

3
3
Al(OH)
OH max Al
n 4n n 4.0, 4 0,1 1, 5 mol
+
= = =
Cu 171 : Th tch dung dch NaOH 1M cc i cn cho vo dung dch cha 0,5 mol AlCl
3
uc 31,2 gam
kt ta l bao nhiu ?
A. 1,6 lt B. 1,2 lt C. 1,8 lt D. 2,4 lt

3
Al(OH)
n 0, 4 mol =
l TH
2

3
3
Al(OH)
OH max Al
n 4n n 4.0, 5 0, 4 1, 6 mol
+
= = =
V (NaOH) = 1,6 lt , chn A
Cu 172 : Cn cho mt th tch dung dch NaOH 1M ln nht l bao nhiu vo dung dch cha ng thi 0,3
mol Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,2 mol HCl xut hin 39 gam kt ta ?
A. 1,6 lt B. 2,2 lt C. 1,8 lt D. 2,1 lt
37

3
3
Al(OH)
Al H
n 0, 3.2 0, 6 mol, n 0, 2 mol ; n n 39 / 78 0, 5 mol
+ +
= = = = = =
u tin
+
2
H OH H O
+ c ngha l
+
OH H
n n 0, 2 mol
= =
Tip n trng hp NaOH cc i (TH
2
)
3
3
Al(OH)
OH max Al
n 4n n 4.0, 6 0, 5 1, 9 mol
+
= = =
Nn
NaOH NaOH
OH
n 0, 2 1, 9 2,1 mol n V 2,1
= + = = =
, chn D
Cu 173 : C 2 th nghim :
+ Cho dung dch cha a mol NaOH vo dung dch cha b mol AlCl
3
thu c 15,6 gam kt ta
+ Cho dung dch cha 2a mol NaOH vo dung dch cha b mol AlCl
3
thu c 23,4 gam kt ta
Gi tr a v b ln lt l :
A. 0,6 v 0,4 B. 0,4 v 0,6
C. 0,6 v 0,375 D. 0,5 v 0,6
Th nghim u l TH
1
: NaOH khng , n 0, 2 mol = , a 3.0, 2 0, 6 = =
Th nghim sau l TH
2
: NaOH d, n 0, 3 mol = ,

3
3
Al(OH)
OH max Al
n 4n n 2a 4b 0, 3 b 0, 375
+
= = = , chn C
Cu 174 : Cho 3,42 gam Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
tc dng vi 25 ml dung dch NaOH to ra 0,78 gam kt ta. Nng
mol ca NaOH dng :
A. 1,2M hoc 2,8M B. 0,4M hoc 1,6M C. 1,6M hoc 2,8M D. 0,4M hoc 1,2M

3
2 4 3
3
Al (SO )
Al
Al(OH)
3, 42
n 0, 01 mol n 0, 02 mol
342
n 0, 01 mol
+
= = =
=

TH
1
: ch c kt ta

3
NaOH Al(OH) M
OH min
0, 03
n n 3n 3.0, 01 0, 03 mol C (NaOH) 1, 2M
0, 025
= = = = = =

TH
2

3
3
NaOH Al(OH) M
OH max Al
0, 07
n n 4n n 4.0, 02 0, 01 0, 07 mol C (NaOH) 2, 8M
0, 025
+
= = = = = =

Ta chn A
Cu 175 (H Khi A 2008) : Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v
0,1 mol H
2
SO
4
n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c
lng kt ta trn l A. 0,35. B. 0,45. C. 0,25. D. 0,05.

3
3 2 4 3
Al(OH) Al (SO )
Al
7, 8
n 0,1 mol; n 0,1 mol n 0, 2 mol
78
+
= = = =

H
n 0, 2 mol
+
=
u tin
+
2
H OH H O
+ c ngha l
+
OH H
n n 0, 2 mol
= =
Tip n trng hp NaOH cc i (TH
2
)

3
3
Al(OH)
OH max Al
n 4n n 4.0, 2 0,1 0, 7 mol
+
= = =
Nn
NaOH NaOH
OH
0, 9
n 0, 2 0, 7 0, 9 mol n V 0, 45 mol
2
= + = = = =
, chn B
Cu 176 (H Khi A 2007) : Nh t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl
3
. Hin tng xy
ra l
A. ch c kt ta keo trng. B. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan.
C. khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln. D. c kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln.
Gii : Khi cho dung dch baz tc dng vi dung dch mui nhm (cha ion Al
3+
) th ban u c
kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta s tan nu baz cn d. Chn B
38
Cu 177 (H Khi B 2007) : Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl
3
1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M,
lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l
A. 2. B. 1,2. C. 1,8. D. 2,4.

3
3 3
AlCl Al(OH)
Al
15, 6
n 1, 5.0, 2 0, 3 mol ; n 0, 2 mol ; n 0, 3 mol
78
+
= = = = =
Gi tr ln nht ca V lng vi TH
2
:

3
3
NaOH Al(OH)
OH max Al
n n 4n n 4.0, 3 0, 2 1 mol
+
= = = =

V = 1 : 0,5 = 2 lt , chn A
Cu 178 (H Khi A 2007) : Trn dung dch cha a mol AlCl3 vi dung dch cha b mol NaOH. thu
c kt ta th cn c t l.
A. a : b > 1 : 4. B. a : b < 1 : 4.
C. a : b = 1 : 4. D. a : b = 1 : 5.

4
4
3+
3
3 2 2
3+
Al 3OH Al(OH)
Al(OH) OH Al(OH) ( AlO 2H O)
hay Al 4 OH Al(OH)
4 a a

+
+ +
+

Ta ch phng trnh cui, cn c th thu c kt ta th p buc
OH
1
n 4 b 4a
4
a
a
b
< < > , chn A

Cu 179 (C 2007) : Thm m gam K vo 300 ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)
2
0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu c
dung dch X. Cho t t dung dch X vo 200 ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,1M thu c kt ta Y. thu c
lng kt ta Y ln nht th gi tr m l :
A. 1,59 B. 1,17 C. 1,71 D. 1,95

2 2
1
K H O KOH H
2
x x
+ +

2
Ba(OH)
NaOH
OH
KOH K
n 0, 03 mol
n 0, 03 mol n x 0, 09
n n x

=
= = +
= =

3
2 4 3
Al (SO )
Al
n 0, 02 mol n 0, 04 mol
+
= =

thu c lng kt ta Y ln nht l TH
2
:
3
3
Al(OH)
Al
n n
+
=

3
3
Al(OH)
OH max Al
n 4n n 0, 09 3.0, 04 0, 03 0, 03.39 1,17 gam
K
x x m
+
= + = = = =

Chn B
Cu 180 : Khi cho 130 ml dung dch AlCl
3
0,1M tc dng vi 20 ml dung dch NaOH th thu c 0,936 gam
kt ta. Nng mol/lt ca dung dch NaOH
A. 0,6M hoc 1,95M B. 0,6M hoc 1,8M
C. 1,95M hoc 1,8M D. 1,8M hoc 2M

3+
3 3
AlCl Al(OH)
Al
0, 936
n n 0,13.0,1 0, 013 mol; n 0, 012 mol
78
= = = = =
TH
1
: ch c kt ta
3
NaOH Al(OH)
OH min
n n 3n 3.0, 012 0, 036 mol
= = = =
[NaOH] = 0,036 : 0,02 = 1,8M
TH
2
3
3
NaOH Al(OH)
OH max Al
n n 4n n 4.0, 013 0, 012 0, 04 mol
+
= = = =
[NaOH] = 0,04 : 0,02 = 2M, chn D
Cu 181 : Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 0,3M vo 200 ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,2M thu c kt ta keo trng.
Nung kt ta n khi lng khng i thu c 1,02 gam rn. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH dng.
A. 0,4 lt hoc 1,2 lt B. 0,2 lt hoc 1,2 lt
C. 0,2 lt hoc 1 lt D. 0,4 lt hoc 1 lt
3
2 4 3
Al (SO )
Al
n 0, 2.0, 2 0, 04 mol n 0, 08 mol
+
= = =

39

2 3
Al O
1, 02
n 0, 01 mol
102
= =
Bo ton nguyn t Al:
3 2 3
Al(OH) Al O
n 2.n 0, 02 mol = =

TH
1
: ch c kt ta
3
Al(OH) NaOH
OH min
0, 06
n 3n 3.0, 02 0, 06 V 0, 2
0, 3
= = = = = lt
TH
2
3
3
Al(OH) NaOH
OH max Al
0, 3
n 4n n 4.0, 08 0, 02 0, 3 mol V 1
0, 3
+
= = = = = lt, chn C
Cu 182 : Cho V lt dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,4M vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol AlCl
3
. Kt thc phn ng thy
c 7,8 gam kt ta. Tnh gi tr V
A. 0,375 v 1,375 B. 0,5 v 1,5
C. 0,87 v 1,87 D. 0,2 v 1,2

3+
3 3
AlCl Al(OH)
Al OH
7, 8
n n 0, 3 mol ; n 0,1 mol; n 0, 8V
78

= = = = =
TH
1
: ch c kt ta
3
Al(OH)
OH min
n 3n 0, 8.V 3.0,1 V 0, 375
= = = lt
TH
2

3
3
Al(OH)
OH max Al
n 4n n 0, 8V 4.0, 3 0,1 V 1, 375
+
= = = lt, chn A
Cu 183 : Trn ln dung dch cha x mol KOH vi dung dch cha 0,035 mol Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
. Kt thc phn
ng thy c 0,06 mol kt ta. Gi tr x l :
A. 0,06 v 0,18 B. 0,06 v 0,22
C. 0,18 v 0,22 D. Kt qu khc

3+
Al
n 0, 035.2 0, 07 mol = =
TH
1
: ch c kt ta
3
Al(OH)
OH min
n 3n 0,18 mol
= =
TH
2

3
3
Al(OH)
OH max Al
n 4n n 4.0, 07 0, 06 0, 22 mol
+
= = = , chn C
Dng 17 : CHO AXIT TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA MUI ALUMINAT (AlO
2
-
)
Phng trnh ion khi cho t t dung dch axit vo dung dch cha gc aluminat ::

2 2 3
3
3 2
AlO H H O Al(OH)
Al(OH) 3H Al 3H O
+
+ +
+ +
+ +

Khi cho dung dch baz tc dng vi dung dch mui nhm ( Na[Al(OH)
4
]

hay NaAlO
2
) th ban
u c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta s tan nu axit cn d.
Cng thc gii nhanh :
TH
1
: ch c kt ta
3
Al(OH)
H
n n
+
=

TH
2
3
2
Al(OH)
H AlO
n 4n 3n
+
=

Ch n trng hp
2+ 2
4 4
Ba SO BaSO
+
Nu c baz th u tin phn ng
+
2
H OH H O
+ c ngha l +
OH H
n n
=

Cu 184 : Cn cho bao nhiu mol HCl vo dung dch cha 0,4 mol NaAlO
2
thu c 0,1 mol kt ta ?
A. 0,1 mol v 1,3 mol B. 0,1 mol v 0,4 mol
C. 0,2 mol v 0,6 mol D. 0,2 v 1,4 mol

3
2
Al(OH)
AlO
n 0, 4 mol; n 0,1 mol
= =

Cch 1 : C 2 kh nng :
TH
1
: HCl dng thiu (kt ta cha t cc i)
40

2 2 3
AlO H H O Al(OH)
0,1 0,1 0,1 mol
+
+ +

TH
2
: HCl dng d (kt ta t cc i ri tan 1 phn)

2 2 3
3
3 2
AlO H H O Al(OH)
0, 4 0,4 0,4
Al(OH) 3H Al 3H O
(0,4 0,1) 0,9 mo
+
+ +
+ +
+ +
l

H
n 0, 4 0, 9 1, 3 mol
+
= + =
, chn A
Cch 2 :
+
+
2
H min
H max AlO
n n 0,1 mol
n 4.n 3.n 4.0, 4 0, 3 1, 3 mol
= =
= = =

Cu 185 : Cn cho nhiu nht bao nhiu lt dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch cha 0,7 mol Na[Al(OH)
4
]
thu c 39 gam kt ta ?
A. 1,3 lt B. 2,2 lt C. 1,8 lt D. 2,1 lt

4 3
2
Na[Al(OH) ] Al(OH)
AlO
39
n n 0, 7 mol; n 0, 5 mol
78
= = = =
Th tch dd HCl nhiu ng vi TH
2
:
+
2
HCl
H max AlO
n n 4.n 3.n 4.0, 7 3.0, 5 1, 3 mol

= = = =

V
HCl
= 1,3 lt, Chn A
Cu 186 : Dung dch A cha KOH v 0,3 mol K[Al(OH)
4
]. Cho 1 mol HCl vo dung dch A thu c 15,6
gam kt ta. S mol KOH trong dung dch l :
A. 0,8 hoc 1,2 B. 0,8 hoc 0,4
C. 0,6 hoc 0 D. 0,8 hoc 0,9

+
3
2
Al(OH)
AlO H
15, 6
n 0, 2 mol; n 0, 3 mol; n 1 mol
78

= = = = , t s mol KOH l x
u tin phn ng +
2
H OH H O
+
c ngha l
+
KOH
OH H
n n n x
= = =

TH
1
:
3
Al(OH)
H min
n n 0, 2 mol
= =
Vy
H
n 0, 2 1 0,8 x x
+
= + = =

TH
2
:
3
2
Al(OH)
H max AlO
n 4n 3n 4.0, 3 3.0, 2 0, 6
+
= = =

Vy
H
n 0, 6 1 0, 4 x x
+
= + = =
, Chn B
Cu 187 : Trn ln dung dch cha 0,17 mol HCl vo dung dch cha a mol Ba(AlO
2
)
2
. Kt thc phn ng,
thu c 0,05 mol kt ta. Gi tr a l :
A. 0,025 B. 0,04 C. 0,08 D.0,015

3
2
Al(OH)
H AlO
n 0,17 mol; n 2a; n 0, 05 mol
+
= = =

TH
1
:
H
n n
+

Tri gi thuyt
TH
2
:
3
2
Al(OH)
H max AlO
n 4n 3n 0,17 4.2a 3.0, 05 0, 04 mol a
+
= = =

Ta chn B
Dng 18 : MUI Zn
2+
TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA ION OH
-

Khi cho t t dung dch kim vo dung dch cha ion Zn
2+
th c pt ion sau :

2+
2
2
2 2 2
Zn 2OH Zn(OH)
Zn(OH) 2OH ZnO 2H O
+
+ +

Cng thc gii nhanh :
41
TH
1
: ch c kt ta
2
Zn(OH)
OH min
n 2n
=

TH
2
2+
2
Zn(OH)
OH max Zn
n 4n 2n
=

Ch n trng hp 2+ 2
4 4
Ba SO BaSO
+

Nu c baz th u tin phn ng +
2
H OH H O
+
c ngha l
+
OH H
n n
=

Cu 188 : Cn bao nhiu mol NaOH vo dung dch cha 0,4 mol ZnCl
2
c 0,1 mol kt ta
A. 0,2 v 0,6 B. 0,2 v 0,4
C. 0,2 v 1 D. 0,2 v 1,4
Cch 1 :
NaOH
OH
n n
=

+ NaOH dng thiu ( tc kt ta cha cc i )

2
2
Zn 2OH Zn(OH)
0,1 0, 2 0,1
+
+

NaOH
OH
n n 0, 2 mol
= =

+ NaOH dng d ( tc kt ta t cc i ri tan bt 1 phn )
2+
2
2
2 2 2
Zn 2OH Zn(OH)
0,4 0,8 0,4
Zn(OH) 2OH ZnO 2H O
(0,4 0,1) 0,6 0,3
+
+ +

NaOH
OH
n n 0, 8 0, 6 1, 4 mol
= = + =
, chn D
Cu 189 : Th tch dung dch NaOH 1M ln nht l bao nhiu cn cho vo 200 ml dung dch ZnCl
2
2M
c 29,7 gam kt ta. A. 1 lt B. 0,7 lt C. 1,8 lt D. 2,1 lt

2+
2 2
ZnCl Zn(OH)
OH Zn
29, 7
n 1.V; n n 0, 2.2 0, 4 mol; n 0, 3 mol
99
= = = = = =

2+
2
Zn(OH)
OH max Zn
n 4n 2n V 4.0, 4 2.0, 3 1
= = =

Ta chn A
Cu 190 : Cho V lt dung dch KOH 2M tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch ZnCl
2
1M ta thu c mt kt
ta, em nung n khi lng khng i thu c 12,15 gam cht rn trng. Hy tnh V ?
A. 150 ml hoc 200 ml B. 150 ml hoc 250 ml
C. 100 ml hoc 200 ml D. 140 ml hoc 200 ml

2+
ZnO
OH Zn
12,15
n 0,15 mol; n 2V; n 0, 2 mol
81

= = = =

2 2
Zn(OH) ZnO H O
0,15 0,15 mol
+

TH
1
: ch c kt ta
2
Zn(OH)
OH min
n 2n 2V 2.0,15
= =

Suy ra V = 0,15 lt = 150 ml
TH
2

2+
2
Zn(OH)
OH max Zn
n 4n 2n 2.V 4.0, 2 2.0,15
= =

Suy ra V = 0,25 lt = 250 ml, Chn B
Dng 19 : MUI
2
2
ZnO

TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA ION
H
+

Khi cho t t dung dch axit vo dung dch mui km zincat :

2
2 2
2
2 2
ZnO 2H Zn(OH)
Zn(OH) 2H Zn 2H O
+
+ +
+
+ +

42
Cng thc gii nhanh :
+
2
+ 2
2
2
Zn(OH)
H
Zn(OH)
H ZnO
n 2.n
n 4.n 2.n

Cu 191 : Cn bao nhiu mol HCl cho vo dung dch cha 0,4 mol Na
2
ZnO
2
thu c 0,1 mol kt ta
A. 0,3 v 0,7 B. 0,4 v 0,6 C. 0,6 v 0,8 D. 0,2 v 1,4
Cng thc gii nhanh :
+
2
+ 2
2
2
HCl Zn(OH)
H
HCl Zn(OH)
H ZnO
n n 2.n 0, 2 mol
n n 4.n 2.n 4.0, 4 2.0,1 1, 4 mol
= = =
= = = =

Cu 192 : Cho 200 ml dung dch A cha NaZnO
2
0,5M v NaOH 0,1M. Rt V ml dung dch HCl 0,5M vo
dung dch A. Tnh V thu c lng kt ta ln nht ?
A. 110 ml B. 220 ml C. 330 ml D. 440 ml
2
2
ZnO OH H
n 0, 5.0, 2 0,1 mol; n 0, 02 mol; n 0, 5V
+
= = = =

u tin :
2
H OH H O
0,02 0,02
+
+

lng kt ta ln nht ng vi TH
2
: + 2
2
2
Zn(OH)
H ZnO
n 4.n 2.n 0, 5V 0, 02 4.0,1 2.0,1
= =

Suy ra V = 0,44 lt = 440 ml , chn D v ch :
2
2
nZnO n
=

Dng 20 : TON THY LUYN KIM LOI Fe
Fe + dung dch Ag(NO
3
)
3
Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ Ag
Qui tc anpha :
2+ 2+ 3+ +
2
2
Fe 2H Cu Fe Ag
, , , ,
Fe H Cu Fe Ag
+
+

Ta c t l :
+
Ag
Fe
n
k
n
=
2 k to mui
2
Fe
+
v Fe d
2 3 k < < to mui
2
Fe
+
v
3
Fe
+

3 k to mui
3
Fe
+
v Ag
+
d

2
3
Fe 2Ag Fe 2Ag
Fe 3Ag Fe 3Ag
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
Ta c h :
2 3
Fe
Ag
n x y
n x y
+
= +
= +

Cu 193 : Cho 4,2 gam bt Fe vo 360 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,5M lc u cho phn ng hon ton. Tnh s
mol mi cht tan thu c sau phn ng
A. Fe(NO
3
)
2
: 0,045 mol v Fe(NO
3
)
3
: 0,03 mol
B. Fe(NO
3
)
2
: 0,04 mol v Fe(NO
3
)
3
: 0,035 mol
C. Fe(NO
3
)
2
: 0,055 mol v Fe(NO
3
)
3
: 0,037 mol
D. Fe(NO
3
)
2
: 0,065 mol v Fe(NO
3
)
3
: 0,085 mol

+
3
+
Fe AgNO
Ag
Ag
Fe
n 0, 075 mol; n n 0,18 mol
n
0,18
2 k 2, 4 3
n 0, 075
= = =
< = = = <

Sn phm to ra 2 mui
43

2
3
Fe 2Ag Fe 2Ag
x 2x x
Fe 3Ag Fe 3Ag
y 3y y
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
Ta c h :
0, 075
x 0, 045; y 0, 03
2 3 0,18
Fe
Ag
n x y
n x y
+
= + =
= =
= + =
Ta chn A
Cu 194 : Cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
d, sau phn ng thu c dung dch X v kt ta Y. Trong
dung dch X c cha :
A. Fe(NO
3
)
2
v AgNO
3
B. Fe(NO
3
)
3
v AgNO
3

C. Fe(NO
3
)
2
, Fe(NO
3
)
3
v AgNO
3
D. Fe(NO
3
)
3

AgNO
3
d nn ch to mui
3
Fe
+
v Ag
+
d, chn B
Cu 195 : Cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
d, sau phn ng thu c dung dch X v kt ta Y. Kt
ta Y chnh l : A. Ag , Fe B. Ag C. Fe D. Cu
AgNO
3
d nn ch to mui
3
Fe
+
v Ag
+
d v kim loi kt ta l Ag, chn B
Cu 196 : Cho m gam bt Fe vo dung dch AgNO
3
d, sau phn ng thu c dung dch X v kt ta Y c
khi lng 16,2 gam. Vy m c gi tr :

Y Ag
16, 2
n n 0,15 mol
108
= = = AgNO
3
d

3
Fe 3Ag Fe 3Ag
0, 05 0,15 mol
+ +
+ +

m
Fe
= 56.0,05 = 2,8 gam. Chn A
Cu 197 : Cho 11,2 gam bt Fe vo 450 ml dung dch AgNO
3
1M, lc u n khi phn ng kt thc thu
c kim loi c khi lng l :

+
3
+
Fe AgNO
Ag
Ag
Fe
n 0, 2 mol; n n 0, 45 mol
n
0, 45
2 k 2, 25 3
n 0, 2
= = =
< = = = <

Sn phm to ra 2 mui
2
3
Fe 2Ag Fe 2Ag
x 2x x 2x
Fe 3Ag Fe 3Ag
y 3y y 3y
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +

Ta c h :
0, 2
x 0,15; y 0, 05
2 3 0, 45
Fe
Ag
n x y
n x y
+
= + =
= =
= + =

m
Ag
= 108.(2x + 3y) = 108.0,45 = 48,6 Ta chn C
Cu 198 : Ha tan ht 5,6 gam Fe trong dung dch AgNO
3
thu c mt loi mui st. Khi lng mui s
bng ?
A.18 gam hoc 15,6 gam B. 12 gam hoc 15 gam
C. 24,2 gam hoc 18 gam D. 24,4 gam hoc 16 gam
Gii : V ch thu 1 loi mui nn c 2 kh nng :
Kh nng 1 : to Fe(NO
3
)
3
vi
3 3 3 3
Fe(NO ) Fe Fe(NO )
n n 0,1 mol n 0,1.242 24, 2 gam = = = =

Kh nng 2 : to Fe(NO
3
)
2
vi
3 2 3 2
Fe(NO ) Fe Fe(NO )
n n 0,1 mol n 0,1.180 18 gam = = = =

Ta chn C
Cu 199 : Ha tan ht 5,6 gam bt Fe vo 220 ml dung dch AgNO
3
1M, lc u n khi phn ng kt thc
thu c m gam mui st khan c khi lng l :
44

+
3
+
Fe AgNO
Ag
Ag
Fe
n 0,1 mol; n n 0, 22 mol
n
0, 22
2 k 2, 2 3
n 0,1
= = =
< = = = <

Sn phm to ra 2 mui
2
3
Fe 2Ag Fe 2Ag
x 2x x 2x
Fe 3Ag Fe 3Ag
y 3y y 3y
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +

Ta c h :
0,1
x 0, 08; y 0, 02
2 3 0, 22
Fe
Ag
n x y
n x y
+
= + =
= =
= + =

2+
3 2 3 2
3+
3 3 3 3
Fe(NO ) Fe(NO )
Fe
Fe(NO ) Fe(NO )
Fe
n n 0, 08 m 0, 08.180 14, 4 gam
n n 0, 02 m 0, 02.242 4, 84 gam
= = = =
= = = =

m
mui st
= 14,4 + 4,84 = 19,24 gam, chn B

Tong Hop PP Giai Vo Co

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Tong Hop PP Giai Vo Co

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GV : Nguyn V Minh Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C

Email : ngvuminh249@yahoo.com t : 0914449230

, iu kin : kim loi Al >

= = nn V = 0,0075 : 0,5 = 0,015 lt , Chn B

l 0,02 + 0,02 = 0,04 mol

< < > , chn A

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