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A quick note on terminology. Some linguists distinguish between text and discourse, using text to mean
what one speaker or writer says, while a discourse for them has two or more speakers/writers interacting. In
this book the two terms are used interchangeably to refer to any stretch of language that may be longer
than a single sentence, and which therefore may have structural properties which go beyond the scope of
grammar. For the sake of simplicity we shall usually use the word text. Look: Text and Discourse Analysis,
P: XI
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14 Cohesion, Coherence and Cohesive
cohesion coherence
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:
1- An Introduction to Discourse Analysis (Malcolm Coulthard)1977

31
.
2- Text and Context Explorations in the Semantics and pragmatics of Discourse (Teun
A.Van Dijk)1977

32
.
3- Pragmatic, Dicourse and Text: Some Systemically-inspired Approaches. Edited by
Erich H. Steiner & Robert Veltman, 1988
30 www.odabasham.com.net
An Introduction to Discourse Analysis. Malcolm Coulthard, p: 85,
32
Text and Context Explorations in the Semantics and pragmatics of Discourse. Teun A.Van Dijk, pp: 93129
31

10


:33
Cohesion in Spoken Arabic Texts. Yowell Y. Aziz
4- Discourse and Language Education. Evelyn Hatch, 1992



34
.
5- Discourse and performance of International Teaching Assistants. Carolyn G. Madden
& Gynthia L. Myers, 1994
35:
Communicative Competence as a Theoretical Framework for ITA Education. Barbara
Hoekje & Jessica Williams.
36
.
6- Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers. Michael MacCarthy, 1991

37
38
.
7- Discourse Studies: An Introductory Textbook. Jan Renkema, 1993
39. .
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: Cohesion in English

1976


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40
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33

& Pragmatic, Dicourse and Text: Some Systemically-inspired Approaches. Edited by Erich H. Steiner
Robert Veltman, pp:148- 157
34
Discourse and Language Education. Evelyn Hatch, pp: 209- 234
35
Discourse and performance of International Teaching Assistants. Carolyn G. Madden & Gynthia L.
Myers, pp: 11- 26
36
Discourse and performance of International Teaching Assistants, p: 20
37
Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers. Michael MacCarthy, pp: 34- 63
38
Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers. Michael MacCarthy, pp: 65- 71
39
Discourse Studies: An Introductory Textbook. Jan Renkema, pp: 37- 40
40
Cohesion in English, pp: 333- 338, look also: Discourse Studies, PP: 37: 42

11

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Evaluation

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= 606
*
1399 1979 -
= 255
*
1418 7 1998

16

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1384 21965 -
* .
= 471
* :
2004
= 1205
*
= 794
*
1376 11957 -
= 538
*
= 911
*
1394 41974 -
=
* www.odabasham.com.net
=
* 2007 1
= 711
* .
)= Carolyn G. Madden & Gynthia L. Myers (Editors
* Discourse and performance of International Teaching Assistants. TESOL. 1994
)= Erich H. Steiner & Robert Veltman (Editors
* Pragmatic, Dicourse and Text: Some Systemically-inspired Approaches. Pinter
Publishers, London. 1988
= Evelyn Hatch
* Discourse and Language Education. Cambridge University, USA. 1992
=Halliday & Hassan
* Cohesion in English. Longman, London. 1976
= Jan Renkema
* Discourse Studies: An Introductory Textbook. Philadelphia, USA. 1993
= Malcolm Coulthard
*An Introduction to Discourse Analysis. Longman. USA,1977
= Michael MacCarthy
* Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers. Cambridge University, USA. 1991
= Raphael Salkie
* Text and Discourse Analysis, London and New York, 1995
= Teun A.Van Dijk
*Text and Context Explorations in the Semantics and pragmatics of Discourse.
Longman, USA. 1977

17