21.

64: a) The magnitude of the field the due to each charge is

,
) ) 2 (
1
4 4
1
2 2
0
2
0

+
= =
x d
q
r
q

E
where d is the distance between the two charges. The x-components of the forces due to
the two charges are equal and oppositel directed and so cancel each other. The two fields
ha!e equal y-components, so"

x d
q
E E
y
sin
) 2 (
1
4
2
2
2 2
0

+
= =
where is the angle below the x-a#is for both fields.
$
) 2 (
2
sin
2 2
x d
d

+
=
thus
2 % 2 2
0
2 2
2 2
0
dipole
) ) 2 (( 4
) 2 (
2
) 2 (
1
4
2
x d
qd
x d
d
x d
q
E
+
=

=
The field is the
y
directions.
b) &t large , ) 2 ( ,
2 2
d x x >> so the relationship reduces to the appro#imations
%
0
dipole
4 x
qd
E