CADCAMCNC

NGUYN NGC O
GIAO TRNH
CAD CAM
CNC
CN BN

TRNG AI HOC S PHAM KY THUAT TP HO CH MINH
2004

MUC LUC

MUC LUC
Chng 1: TONG VE CONG NGHE CAD/CAM -CNC 1
I. Tong quan ve CAD/CAM 2
1. Lch s phat trien cua CAD/CAM 4
2. nh ngha cong cu CAD/CAM 4
II. To ng quan ve may cong cu ieu khie n bang chng trnh so (CNC) 10
1. Lch s phat trien cua may CNC 11
2. ac trng c ban cua may CNC 12
3. Mo hnh khai quat uua mot may CNC
13
4. Cac phng phap ieu khie n 14
5. He truc toa o tren may CNC 16
6. Cac bc thc hien gia cong tren may CNC 17
7. Hnh thc to chc gia cong tren may CNC 22
Chng 2: LAP TRNH THU CONG 25
I. Cau truc chng trnh NC 26
1. a ch lenh (Address) 27
2. Lenh (Word) 28
3. Khoi lenh (Block) 29
II. Phng thc lap trnh NC 30
1. Lap trnh tuyet oi (Absolute dimensions)
2. Lap trnh tng oi (Relative or Incremental dimensions)
III. Cong nghe la p trnh phay NC 31
1. C s lap trnh phay NC 31
2. Cong nghe lap trnh phay NC 36
3. Lap trnh phay NC vi phan mem phay mo pho ng 37
4. V du lap trnh phay NC vi phan mem phay mo phong 46
IV. Cong nghe lap trnh tien NC
1. C s lap trnh tien NC 48
Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM http://www.hcmute.edu.vn
Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn
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2. Cong nghe lap trnh tien NC 51
3. Lap trnh tien NC vi phan mem tien mo pho ng 56
chng 3: LAP TRNH T ONG 60
I. Cong nghe lap trnh t ong 61
1. He thong CAD 62
2. He thong CAM 62
3. Trnh hau x ly POSTPROCESSOR 65
II. Gii thieu pha n mem MiilCAM- Designer2 66
1. Khi ong phan mem 66
2. Thiet ke quy ao cat va tao chng trnh NC 67
3. ng du ng AutoCAD trong thiet ke quy ao cat 72
4. Cac bc thc hien phan mem MiilCam-Designer2 73
Chng 4: VAN HANH MAY CNC 74
I. Va n ha nh may phay CNC DENFORD-NOVAMILL 75
1. Gii thieu chung ve may phay CNC Novamill 75
2. Van hanh may 76
3. Lap trnh NC vi he ieu khien FANUC-OM 80
II. Van hanh may tien CNC MAGNUM 85
1. Gii thieu chung ve may tien Magnum 85
2. Van hanh may 86
3. Lap trnh NC vi he ieu khie n FAGOR 88
PHU LUC 1 92
PHU LUC 2 106

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1

CHNG 1

TONG QUAN VE CONG NGHE
CAD/CAM - CNC

I. Tong quan ve CAD/CAM
1. Lch s phat trien cua CAD/CAM
2. inh ngha cong cu CAD/CAM

II. Tong quan ve may cong cu ieu khien bang chng trnh so (CNC)
1. Lch s phat trien cua may CNC
2. ac trng c ban cua may CNC
3. Mo hnh khai quat uua mot may CNC
4. Cac phng phap ieu khie n
5. He truc toa o tren may CNC
6. Cac bc thc hien gia cong tren may CNC
7. Hnh thc to chc gia cong tren may CNC

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2
CHNG 1
TONG QUAN VE CONG NGHE CAD/CAM - CNC
I. Tong quan ve CAD/CAM
Nhng nam cuoi the ky 20, cong nghe CAD/CAM a tr thanh mot lnh vc ot pha
trong thiet ke, che tao va san xuat san pham cong nghie p. CAD (Computer Aided Design) la
thiet ke tr giup bang may tnh. CAM (Computer Aided Manufacture) la san xuat vi s tr
giup cua may tnh. Hai lanh vc nay ghep noi vi nhau a tr thanh mot loai hnh cong nghe
cao, mot lanh vc khoa hoc tong hp cua s lien nganh C kh Tin hoc ien t T
ong hoa. Cung vi s phat trien cua khoa hoc may tnh, CAD/CAM a c nhan thc va
chap nhan nhanh chong trong cong nghiep (cong nghie p det may, cong nghiep nha, cong
nghiep c kh che tao ...) v no la hat nhan chnh e sang tao va san xuat san pham, e tang
nang xuat lao ong, giam cng o lao ong va t ong hoa qua trnh san xuat, nang cao o
chnh xac chi tiet va at hieu qua kinh te cao.
Cong viec chuan b san xuat co vai tro vo cung quan trong trong viec hnh thanh bat ky
mot san pham c kh nao. Cong viec nay bao gom cac khau chuan b thiet ke (thiet ke ket
cau san pham, cac ban ve lap chung cua san pham, cac cum may...), chuan b cong nghe
(am bao tnh nang cong nghe cua ket cau, thiet lap quy trnh cong nghe), thiet ke va che
tao cac trang b cong nghe va dung cu phu ... ke hoach hoa qua trnh san xuat va che tao san
pham trong thi gian an nh.
Ngay nay khoa hoc ky thuat phat trien nh vu bao oi hoi ngi ky s phai khong
ngng nang cao lng thong tin trong tat ca cac khau cua qua trnh chuan b san xuat. Theo
cac nha khoa hoc a phan tch th tnh hnh thiet ke hien nay cho thay 90% khoi lng thi
gian thiet ke la e tra cu so lieu can thiet cho viec tnh toan , ch co 10% thi gian gianh cho
lao ong sang tao va quyet nh. Cho nen khoang 90% khoi l ng cong viec tren co the thc
hien bang may tnh ien t hoac may ve t ong. Viec lam nay va chnh xac hn, va chat
lng hn.
Trong san xuat hang loat nho, do ac iem la so lng chi tiet trong loat t , so chu ng
loai lai nhieu cho nen khoi lng thi gian chuan b cho san xuat rat ln, ma dang san xuat
nay hien ang chiem u the trong nen kinh te th trng hien nay. Tat ca ieu o phai oi hoi
tao ra phng phap thiet ke mi nh may tnh ie n t.
CAD/CAM la mot lnh vc nghien cu nham tao ra cac he thong t ong thiet ke va
che tao. No du ng may tnh ien t e thc hien mot chc nang nhat nh e thiet ke va che
tao san pham. T ong hoa che tao la dung may tnh ien t e ke hoach hoa, ieu khie n
qua trnh san xuat, ieu khien qua trnh cat got kim loai va kiem tra nguyen cong gia cong.
CAD/CAM ket noi vi nhau tao ra moi quan he mat thiet gia hai dang hoat ong la
thiet ke va che tao ma lau nay ngi ta coi la khac nhau va khong phuc thuoc vao nhau. T
ong hoa thiet ke la dung cac he tho ng va phng tien tnh toan giup ngi ky s e thiet ke
mo phong, phan tch va toi u hoa giai phap thiet ke. Phng tien bao gom may tnh ien t,
cac may ve, may in, thiet b uc lo bang ...phng tien lap trnh bao gom chng trnh may,
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3
cho phep am bao giao tiep vi may ve va cac chng trnh ng du ng e thc hie n chc
nang thiet ke.
V du: Chng trnh ng dung co the la chng trnh phan tch lc va ng suat trong ket
cau, chng trnh tnh toan ac tnh ong lc hoc cua may hoac chng trnh gia cong chi tiet
tren may ieu khien theo chng trnh so NC hay CNC .
Moi mot hang, vien nghien cu hoac c s san xuat co nhng tap h p chng trnh ng
dung khac nhau tuy thuoc vao ieu kien san xuat ...
He thong CAD/CAM la mot san pham cua CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing).
He thong nay c quan ly va ieu hanh da tren c s d lieu trung tam, he thong con c
dung e lap ke hoach , bieu o , a ra cac ch dan va thong tin am bao muc ch ke hoach
san xuat cua nha may Mo hnh he thong nh sau:
CIM (COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING)

Hnh 1.1

CAD Computer Aided Design Thiet ke vi s tr giup cua MTT
CAE Computer Aided Engineering Phan tch ky thuat vi s tr giup cua MTT
CAPP Computer Aided Process Planning Lap phng an che tao vi s tr giup cua MTT
CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing Che tao vi s tr giup cua MTT
CNC Computer Numerical Control May cong cu ieu khien bang chng trnh so
CAQ Computer Aided Quality Control Kiem tra chat lng vi s tr giup cua MTT
MRPII Manufacturing Resources Planning Hoach nh nguon lc san xuat
PP Production Planning Lap ke hoach san xuat

C s d
lieu va
thong tin
Nhu cau
PP
MRP II
CAE
CAQ
CNC, Robots
CAM
CAPP
CAD
Y tng
D bao
Khach hang
ong goi
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4
1. Lch s phat trien cua CAD/CAM
Luc au CAD/CAM la hai nganh phat trien tach biet nhau, oc lap vi nhau trong
khoang 30 nam. Hien nay chung c tch hp thanh mot he, trong o thiet ke co the la
chon phng an toi u va qua trnh san xuat co the c giam sat va ieu khien t khau au
en khau cuoi.
Phan mem CAD au tien la SKETCHPAD xuat hien vao nam 1962 c viet bi Ivan
Sutherland thuoc trng ky thuat Massachusetts (MIT Massachusetts Institute of
Technology). Hien nay tren the gii a co hang ngan phan mem CAD va mot trong nhng
phan mem thiet ke noi tieng nhat la AutoCAD. AutoCAD phien ban au tien (Release 1)
c cong bo thang 12 1982. Cho en nam 1997 th a co phien ban th 14 (Release 14).
T nam 2000 e n nay, gan nh moi nam eu co ra i phien ban mi.
Cung nh he CAD, he CAM c phat trien ng du ng au tien tai MIT cho cac may
gia cong ieu khien so CNC (Computer Numerical Control) bang may vi tnh vao au nhng
nam 70.
He tch hp CAD/CAM ra i vao gia nhng nam 70 va80.
Di ay la s o phat trien cua he thong CAD/CAM:

2. nh ngha cac cong cu CAD/CAM
a) nh ngha co ng cu CAD
e tao thanh mot san pham hoan chnh can thc hie n hai cong oan chnh la: thiet ke
va che tao.
cong oan thiet ke tren c s thu thap thong tin, x ly d lieu va ket hp vi kha
nang sang ta o ngi thiet ke phan tch toan bo tap hp cac phng an va cho n ra mot phng
an thiet ke toi u.
oi vi san pham co cau truc phc tap, oi hoi nhng ch tieu cao ve thong so ky thuat
cung nh kinh te , e at c giai phap toi u, trong nhieu trng hp cong viec thiet ke va
FMS
FMS
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5
che tao kho ng the thc hie n mot cach hoan chnh bi nhng phng phap va cong cu thong
thng.
Thiet ke vi s ho tr cua may tnh ien t - CAD la s ng dung co hieu qua cac
phng tien cong nghe cua ky thuat tin hoc , ien t ... e giai quyet cac cong viec lien quan
ti cong viec thiet ke.
Qua trnh thiet ke noi chung bao gom viec xac nh va mo ta cac giai phap ky thuat cu
the thoa man tat ca cac yeu cau ky thuat . ch tieu kinh te va co the phan chia lam 6 giai
oan chnh (hnh 1- 2).
Viec s dung cong cu tin hoc va ien t trong co ng viec thiet ke -thiet ke vi s tr
giup cua may tnh ien t (CAD) co the chia thanh bon co ng oan chnh bao gom:
- Mo hnh hoa hnh hoc
- Tnh toan ky thuat
- Thiet ke toi u
- Lap tai lieu ky thuat t ong t mo hnh a c thiet ke

* Mo hnh hnh hoc: ng dung he thong CAD e phat trien viec mo ta toan hoc cua cac
vat the hnh hoc. Cac mo hnh hnh hoc nay c lu tr trong he c s d lieu (trong bo nh
Xay dng nhiem vu thiet ke
Thiet ke tong the
GEOMETRIC
MODELING
Thiet ke chi tiet
ANALYSIS Tnh toan phan tch
OPTIMZATION Thiet ke toi u
DRAFTING)
(VIEWS AND
DRAWINGS
Lap tai lieu thiet ke
Hnh 1- 2
AutoCAD
Cimatron
PRO engineer
...
Sap 86
Nastran
Ansys...

Sap 86
Nastran

AutoCAD
Cimatron
PRO
engineer ...
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6
may tnh) cho phep ngi s dung bieu dien hnh anh cua mo hnh tren cac thiet b o hoa va
th hien cac thao tac dng hnh.
* Tnh toan phan tch ky thuat: sau giai oan thiet ke mo pho ng hnh hoc, vat the hnh
hoc va mo hnh hnh hoc cua cua oi tng thiet ke can phai c tnh toan phan tch (e
am bao cac thong so ky thuat), v du: kiem tra o ben, bie dang, qua trnh trao oi nhiet.
Qua trnh tnh toan phan tch ky thuat c thc hien tho ng qua cac phan mem, v du : phan
mem tnh toan phan tch theo phng phap phan t h u han; phan mem thiet ke ong hoc;
phan mem khao sa t cac qua trnh truyen nhiet....
* Lap tai lieu thiet ke t o ng: ay la cong viec the hie n ket qua thiet ke - t o ng tao
cac hnh chieu, tao ban ve ky thuat bao gom ca ghi kch thc t mo hnh 3D a c thiet
ke.
b) nh ngha co ng cu CAM
Thc hien quy trnh san xuat vi s tr giup cua may tnh ien t la s dung may tnh
e lap ke hoach san xuat va ieu khien san xuat. S o cac lnh vc ng dung trong he
CAM co the c bieu die n theo s do tren hnh 1- 3.

CAM
LAP KE HOA CH
SAN XUAT
IEU KHIE N QUA
TRNH SA N XUAT
C s d lieu cong nghe
ieu khien chat lng san pham
Tieu chuan hoa cac nguyen cong ieu khien xng
Lap trnh gia cong Giam sat cac qua trnh san xuat
Sap xep day truyen san xuat
ieu khien qua trnh san xuat
D tnh gia thanh san pham
ieu khien cac may NC va CNC

ieu khien kho vat t va cong cu
Lap ke hoach san xuat
ieu khien cac tay may ngi may

ieu khien cac thiet b van chuyen

Hnh 1- 3
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7
Lap ke hoach san xuat c thc hien van phong cho cac cong viec cu the sau ay:
- T ong hoa thiet ke quy trnh cong nghe, co ngha la hnh thanh cac trnh t nguye n
cong e gia cong chi tiet cu the. Muon thc hien c cong viec nay, ngoai cac d lieu ve
hnh hoc (be n CAD cung cap), con can cac d lieu ve cong nghe nh: thong so ky thuat cua
may, thong so ve dao cat, thong so ve ga lap, thong so che o cat va tieu chuan hoa cac
nguyen co ng.
- T ong lap chng trnh gia cong cho may ieu khien theo chng trnh so. Ngon
ng lap trnh cua CAM la APT (Auto matically Programed Tool). Vi APT ngi lap trnh co
the xac nh hnh dang dung cu, dung sai, yeu to hnh hoc chuyen ong dung cu.
Nhc iem cua APT la thi gian tnh toan ln cho nhng chi tiet n gian. u viet ln
nhat cua APT la no a tr thanh chuan cho the gii rong ln cua may NC.
He CAM c s dung ro ng rai Viet Nam la MILL-CAM, LATHE- CAM
- T ong hoa lap cac nh mc ky thuat e thc hien tng nguye n cong cong nghe .
- T ong len ke hoach nhu cau ve c s vat chat, mua ban thanh pham va nguyen vat
lieu.
- T ong lap ke hoach san xuat co xet ti yeu cau va ieu kien cu the.
Viec ieu khien qua trnh san xuat c thc hien di mat bang phan xng cua x
nghiep hay nha may. Bao gom cac cong viec ie u khie n t ong cac trang thiet b nh may
cong cu, day chuyen san xuat, robot van chuyen, robot cap phoi, lay chi tiet; ieu khien,
giam sat hoat ong cua xng nh: chat lng san pham, cung cap vat t, lu kho
Trong tat ca nh ng cong viec ap dung cua may tnh ien t tren ay oi hoi co s tham
gia cua con ngi hoac e nhap d lieu am bao cho chng trnh lam viec hoac e giam sat
cac ket qua thc hien.
c) nh ngha cong cu CAD/CAM
To hp CAD/CAM la mot he thong ma o moi lien ket gia thiet ke va che tao c
hoan thien da tren c s s dung thong tin va d lieu cua qua trnh CAD trc tiep trong thu
tuc CAM. Nh vay tranh c s hnh thanh mot cach oc lap cac d lieu cho chng trnh
cua may tnh trong lnh vc san xuat. Mo hnh cong cu CAD/CAM (hnh 1 4):

Hnh 1 - 4
Mo hnh hoa hnh hoc
Tnh toan phan tch, thiet
ke toi u
Ve, soan tai lieu ky thuat

C S
D LIEU
TRUNG
TAM
CUA
HE THONG
CAD/CAM
CAM
CAD
IEU KHIE N QUA
TRNH SA N XUAT
LAP KE HOA CH
SAN XUAT
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8
Moi quan he CAD/CAM va t o ng hoa san xuat the hie n tren hnh 1- 5 la phan giao
gia 5 phan:

Trong o :
- Mang lam viec la cac he thong to chc san xuat, he thong cung cap vat lieu va nh ng
cong viec thc hien tren san may, x nghiep.
- Cong cu san xuat nh may CNC , Robot cong nghiep.
- Cong cu thiet ke nh may tnh, may ve va cac phan men ng du ng.
- Mo hnh hnh hoc la nhng thc the hnh hoc c s, c s dung tren ban ve ky thuat
hay tren man hnh may tnh nh:
iem (Point) c mo ta bi gia tr toa o
ng cong (Curve), bao gom ca oan thang (Line) c mo ta bang chuoi iem
hoac phng trnh.
Mat cong (Surface), bao gom ca mat (Face) c mo ta bi tap hp iem (hoac li
ng cong), hoac phng trnh.
Khoi (Solid) c nh ngha bi cac mat cong bao quanh.
He CAD/CAM ky thuat a c ng dung cho c kh t mot vai nam trc trong mot so
lnh vc trong cong nghiep hang khong. He tch hp CAD/CAM a co Viet Nam la
CIMATRON, MASTERCAM, PROENGINEER, DELCAM, ANPHACAM, VISI.
e anh gia c tam quan trong cua CAD/CAM trong chu ky san xuat chung ta nen
phan tch cac pham vi hoat ong khac nhau va chc nang tng ng e thc hie n viec
nghien c u va che tao san pham. Cac the loai cong viec va chc nang cua chung trong chu
ky san xuat c the hien tren hnh 1- 6.
Chu ky nay hoat ong theo nhu cau cua khach hang va th trng tieu thu. Chu ky san
xuat co the thay oi tuy theo ye u cau cua khach hang.
Khai niem o
hoa may tnh
Cong cu thiet ke
Cong cu san
xuat
Mo hnh hnh
hoc
Mang lam
viec
Hnh 1- 5
CAD/CAM
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9
Co trng hp cong viec thiet ke la do khach hang thc hien cho nen nha may ch co
nhiem vu che tao san pham a c thiet ke o.
Trng hp th hai la nha may am nhan luon ca cong viec thie t ke va che tao san
pham. Tuy nhien neu tong quat ma noi th eu xuat phat t y o tao ra san pham mi. Da
vao y o tao ra san pham o mi thiet ke san pham, hoan tat ban ve .
Tren ban ve san pham phai neu ro cac yeu cau ky thuat can phai am bao trong qua
trnh che tao. Tren c s cac ban ve chi tiet phai lap quy trnh co ng nghe che tao san pham
va lap ke hoach san xua t. e che tao san pham phai lap nhu cau ve trang thiet b cong nghe
va cac dung cu can thiet. Ke hoach san xuat phai ch ro thi gian va san lng xuat xng
trong thi gian a nh. Tiep theo la cong oan a vao san xuat, che tao xong phai tien
hanh kiem tra va th nghiem san pham, cuoi cung la ban giao cho khach hang.
Trong giai oan thiet ke san pham mi, ap dung may tnh ien t cho phep t ong hoa
thiet ke, in cac ban ve va tai lieu ky thuat.

Ve ba ng may tnh
ien t
T ong hoa thiet
ke
Ve chi tiet Thiet ke san pham Khai niem san
pham mi
T ong hoa
ke hoach hoa
qua trnh san
xuat
Ke hoach hoa
qua trnh san
xuat
Nhu ca u trang
thiet b mi
Nhu ca u th
trng
Lap bieu o
san xuat
San xuat san
pham
Kiem tra chat
lng
Ve bieu o, lap nhu
ca u nguyen vat lieu
Trang thiet b
ieu khien
T ong hoa
kiem tra chat
lng
Hnh 1- 6
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Giai oan chuan b cong nghe, ngha la thiet ke quy trnh cong nghe va lap bieu o san
xuat vi s tr giup cua may tnh ien t . Ngoai ra may tnh ien t con co the ap du ng ie u
khien qua trnh che tao chi tiet dung tay may, cac may ieu khien theo chng trnh so
(CNC). Cong oan cuoi cung la kiem tra va th nghiem cung co the t ong hoa nh may
tnh ien t.
Qua ay ta thay he thong CAD/CAM ong vai tro quan trong trong nen san xuat hien
ai trong tng lai, va ac biet la cac lnh vc chuyen mon hoa cao, chang han nh viec thiet
ke va che tao cac ban mach in th kieu lien ket nay c s dung ngay cang manh. T hnh 1
-6 ro rang CAD/CAM bao tren hau het cac dang hoat ong va chc nang cua chu ky san
xuat. Trong cong oan thiet ke va che tao cac nha may hien ai, ky thuat tnh toan phai
phat huy tac dung va la nhu cau khong the thieu c.
II. Tong quan ve may cong cu ieu khien bang chng trnh so (may CNC)
cac may cat thong thng, viec ieu khien cac chuyen ong cung nh thay oi van
toc cua cac bo phan may eu c thc hien bang tay. Vi cach ieu khien nay, thi gian
phu kha ln, nen khong the nang cao nang suat lao ong.
e giam thi gian phu, can thiet tien hanh t ong hoa qua trnh ieu khien. Trong san
xuat hang khoi, hang loat ln, t lau ngi ta dung phng phap gia cong t ong vi viec t
ong hoa qua trnh ieu khien bang cac vau ty, bang mau chep hnh, bang cam tren truc
phan phoi... ac iem cua cac loai may t ong nay la rut ngan c thi gian phu, nhng
thi gian chuan b san xuat qua dai (nh thi gian thiet ke va che tao cam, thi gian ieu
chnh may ...). Nhc iem nay la khong ang ke neu nh san xuat vi khoi lng l n. Trai
lai, vi lng san xuat nho, mat hang thay oi thng xuyen, loai may t ong nay tr nen
khong kinh te. Do o can phai tm ra phng phap ieu khien mi. Yeu cau nay c thc
hien vi viec ieu khien theo chng trnh so.
ac iem quan trong cua viec t ong hoa qua trnh gia cong tren cac may CNC la
am bao cho may co tnh van nang cao. ieu o cho phep gia cong nhieu loai chi tiet, phu
hp vi dang san xuat hang loat nho va hang loat va, ma tren 70% san pham cua nganh che
tao may c che tao trong ieu kien o.
May cong cu ieu khien bang chng trnh so viet tat la may NC (Numerical Control)
la may t ong ieu khien (vai hoat ong hoac toan bo hoat o ng), trong o cac hanh ong
ieu khien c san sinh tren c s cung cap cac d lieu dang: LENH. Cac LENH hp
thanh chng trnh lam viec. Chng trnh lam viec nay c ghi len mot c cau mang
chng trnh di dang MA SO. C cau mang chng trnh co the la BANG OT LO, BANG
T, hoac chnh BO NH MAY TNH.
Cac the he au, may NC con s dung cac cap logic trong he thong. Phng phap ieu
khien theo iem va oan thang (hnh 1-7a va hnh 1-7b), tc la khong co quan he ham so
gia cac chuyen ong theo toa o. Viec ieu khien con mang tnh cng nen chng trnh
n gian va cung ch gia cong c nhng chi tiet n gian nh gia cong lo, gia cong cac
ng thang song song vi cac chuyen ong ma may co.
Cac the he sau, trong he thong ieu khie n cua may NC a c cai at cac cum vi tnh,
cac bo vi s ly va viec ie u khie n luc nay phan ln hoac hoan toan mem. Phng phap
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11
ieu khien theo ng bien (hnh2.1c), tc la co moi quan he ham so gia cac chuyen ong
theo hng cac toa o. Cac may NC nay c goi la CNC (Computer Numerical Control).
Chng trnh c soan thao t m hn va co the gia cong c nhng chi tiet co hnh dang
rat phc tap. Hien nay cac may CNC a c dung pho bien.
1. Lch s phat trien cua may CNC
Nam 1947, John Parsons nay ra y tng ap du ng ieu khien t ong vao qua trnh che
tao canh quat may bay trc thang My. Trc o, viec gia cong va kiem tra bien dang cua
canh quat phai dung cac mau chep hnh, s dung dng, do o rat lau va khong kinh te. Y
nh dung ba xuyen lo e doa cac lo bang cach cho tn hieu e ieu khien hai ban dao, a
giup Parsons phat trien he thong Digital cua ong.
Vi ket qua nay, nam 1949, ong ky hp ong vi USAF ( US Air Force) nham che tao
mot loai may cat theo bien dang t ong. Parsons yeu cau tr giu p e s dung pho ng th
nghiem ieu khien t o ng cua Vien Cong Nghe Massachusetts (M.I.T.) ni c chnh phu
My tai tr e che tao mot loai may phay 3 toa o ieu khien bang bang chng trnh so.
Sau 5 nam nghien cu, J. Parsons a hoan chnh he thong ieu khie n may phay va lan
au tien trong nam 1954, M.I.T. a s dung ten goi May NC.
Trong nhng nam 60, thi gian a chn mui cho viec phat trien va ng dung cac may
NC. Rat nhieu thanh vien cua nganh cong nghiep hang khong My a nhanh chong ng dung,
phat trien va a san sinh ra the he may mi (CNC) cho phep phay cac bien dang phc tap,
tao hnh vi hai, ba hoac bon va nam truc (ba tnh tien va hai quay).
Cac nc chau Au va Nhat Ban phat trien co cham hn mot vai nam, nhng cung co
nhng ac iem rieng, chang nhng ve mat ky thuat, ma ca ve ket cau nh ket cau truc
chnh, c cau cha dao, he thong cap dao v.v...
T o en nay, hang loat may CNC ra i vi u chung loai va phat trien khong ngng.
S phat trien o da vao thanh tu cua cac nganh: may tnh ien t, ien t cong nghie p va
ieu khien t ong ... Nhat la trong thap nie n 90, may CNC a oi mi nhanh chong cha
tng co trong lanh vc t ong.
2. ac trng c ban cu a may CNC
a) Tnh na ng t o ng cao
May CNC co nang suat cat got cao va giam c toi a thi gian phu, do mc o t
ong c nang cao vt bac. Tuy tng mc o t ong, may CNC co the thc hie n cung
mot luc nhieu chuyen o ng khac nhau, co the t ong thay dao, hieu chnh sai so dao cu, t
ong kiem tra kch thc chi tiet va qua o t ong hieu chnh sai lech v tr tng oi gia
dao va chi tiet, t ong ti nguoi, t ong hut phoi ra khoi khu vc cat
b) Tnh na ng linh hoat cao
Chng trnh co the thay oi de dang va nhanh chong, thch ng vi cac loai chi tiet
khac nhau. Do o rut ngan c thi gian phu va thi gian chuan b san xuat, tao ieu kie n
thuan li cho viec t ong hoa san xuat hang loat nho.
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Bat c luc nao cung co the san xuat nhanh chong nhng chi tiet a co chng trnh. V
the, khong can phai san xuat chi tiet d tr, ma ch gi lay chng trnh cua chi tiet o.
May CNC gia cong c nhng chi tiet nho, va, phan ng mot cach linh hoat khi
nhiem vu cong nghe thay oi va ieu quan trong nhat la viec lap trnh gia cong co the thc
hien ngoai may, trong cac van phong co s ho tr cua ky thuat tin hoc thong qua cac thiet b
vi tnh, vi s ly ...
c) Tnh nang tap trung nguyen co ng
a so cac may CNC co the thc hien so lng ln cac nguyen co ng khac nhau ma
khong can thay oi v tr ga at cua chi tiet. T kha nang tap trung cac nguyen cong, cac may
CNC a c phat trien thanh cac trung tam gia cong CNC.
d) Tnh na ng chnh xac, am ba o chat lng cao
Giam c h hong do sai sot cua con ngi. ong thi cung giam c cng o chu
y cua con ngi khi lam viec.
Co kha nang gia cong chnh xac hang loat. o chnh xac lap lai, ac trng cho mc o
on nh trong suot qua trnh gia cong la iem u viet tuyet oi cua may CNC.
May CNC vi he thong ieu khien khep kn co kha nang gia cong c nhng chi tiet
chnh xac ca ve hnh dang en kch thc. Nhng ac iem nay thuan tien cho viec lap lan,
giam kha nang ton that phoi lieu mc thap nhat.
e) Gia cong bien dang phc tap
May CNC la may duy nhat co the gia cong chnh xac va nhanh cac chi tiet co hnh
dang phc tap nh cac be mat 3 chieu.
f) Tnh na ng hie u qua kinh te va ky thuat cao
- Cai thien tuoi ben dao nh ieu kien cat toi u. Tiet kiem dung cu cat got, o ga va
cac phu tung khac.
- Giam phe pham.
- Tiet kiem tien thue m n lao ong do kho ng can ye u cau ky nang nghe nghiep nhng
nang suat gia cong cao hn.
- S du ng lai chng trnh gia cong.
- Giam thi gian san xuat.
- Thi gian s dung may nhie u hn nh vao giam thi gian dng may.
- Giam thi gian kiem tra v may CNC san xuat chi tiet chat lng ong nhat.
- CNC co the thay oi nhanh chong t viec gia cong loai chi tiet nay sang loai khac vi
thi gian chuan b thap nhat.
Tuy nhien may CNC khong phai khong co nhng han che. Di ay la mot so han che:
- S au t ban au cao: Nhc iem ln nhat trong viec s dung may CNC la tien von
au t ban au cao cung vi chi ph lap at.
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- Ye u cau bao dng cao: May CNC la thiet b ky thuat cao va he thong c kh, ien
cua no rat phc tap. e may gia cong c chnh xac can thng xuye n bao d ng. Ngi
bao dng phai tinh thong ca ve c va ien.
- Hieu qua thap vi nhng chi tiet n gian.
3. Mo hnh khai quat cua mot may CNC

May gom hai phan chnh:
a) Phan ieu khien: Gom chng trnh ie u khien va cac c cau ieu khien.
- Chng trnh ieu khien: La tap hp cac tn hieu (goi la lenh c trnh bay ky
chng II) e ie u khien may, c ma hoa di dang ch cai, so va mot so ky hieu khac
nh dau co ng, tr, dau cham, gach nghie ng ... Chng trnh nay c ghi len c cau mang
chng trnh di dang ma so (cu the la ma thap - nh phan nh bang uc lo, ma nh phan
nh bo nh cua may tnh)
- Cac c cau ieu khien: Nhan tn hieu t c cau oc chng trnh, thc hien cac phe p
bien oi can thiet e co c tn hieu phu hp vi ieu kien hoat ong cua c cau chap hanh,
ong thi kiem tra s hoat ong cua chung thong qua cac tn hieu c gi ve t cac cam
bien lien he ngc. Bao gom cac c cau oc, c cau giai ma, c cau chuyen oi, bo x ly tn
hieu, c cau noi suy, c cau so sanh, c cau khuyech ai, c cau o hanh trnh, c cau o van
toc, , bo nh va cac thiet b xuat nhap tn hieu.
ay la thiet b ien ien t rat phc tap, ong vai tro cot yeu trong he thong ieu
khien cua may NC. Viec tm hieu nguyen ly cau tao cua cac thiet b nay oi hoi co kien thc
t cac giao trnh chuyen nganh khac, cho nen ay ch gii thieu khai quat.
b) Phan chap hanh: Gom may cat kim loai va mot so c cau phuc vu van e t ong
hoa nh cac c cau tay may, o cha dao, boi trn, ti trn, hut thoi phoi, cap phoi ...
Tn hieu
Man hnh
Phan ieu khien Phan chap hanh
Cac c cau
ieu khien
May cat
kim loai
Chng trnh ieu khien
Phoi
Chi tiet gia cong
- Chuye n ong
- Van toc
- V tr
- Ba o loi
Ban phm
ieu khien
- K tay
- K t ong
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Cung nh cac loai may cat kim loai khac, ay la bo phan trc tiep tham gia cat got
kim loai e tao hnh chi tiet. Tu y theo kha nang cong nghe cua loai may ma co cac bo phan :
Hop toc o, hop chay dao, than may, song trc, ban may, truc chnh, o cha dao, cac tay
may ...
Ket cau tng bo phan chnh chu yeu nh may van nang thong thng, nhng co mot
vai khac biet nho e am bao qua trnh ieu khien t ong c on nh, chnh xac, nang
suat va ac biet la m rong kha nang cong nghe cua may.
- Ho p toc o: Pham vi ieu chnh toc o ln, thng la truyen ong vo cap, trong o
s dung cac ly hp ien t e thay oi toc o c de dang.
- Hop chay dao: Co nguon dan ong rieng, thng la cac ong c bc. Trong xch
truyen o ng, s dung cac phng phap kh khe h cua cac bo truyen nh vt me ai oc bi...
- Than may cng vng, ket cau hp ly e de thai phoi, ti trn, de thay dao t ong.
Nhieu may co o cha dao, tay may thay dao t ong, co thiet b t o ng hieu chnh khi dao b
mon ...
Trong cac may CNC co the s dung cac dang ieu khien thch nghi khac nhau bao am
mot hoac nhieu thong so toi u nh cac thanh phan lc cat, nhiet o cat, o bo ng be mat, che
o cat toi u, o on, o rung ...
4. Cac phng phap ieu khien

- ieu khien ie n (hay ieu khie n theo v tr) c dung e gia cong cac lo bang cac
phng phap khoan, khoet, doa va cat ren lo. ay chi tiet gia cong c ga co nh tre n
ban may, dung cu cat thc hien chay dao nhanh en cac v tr a lap trnh. Khi at ti cac
iem ch dao bat au cat (hnh 1-7a), tuy nhie n cung co trng hp dao khong dch chuye n
a)
b)
c)
hoac
Hnh 1 - 7
Cac phng phap ieu khie n
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ma ban may dch chuyen. muc ch chnh can at la cac kch thc v tr cua cac lo phai
chnh xac, con qu ao chuye n ong la cua dao hay cua ban may ieu khong co y ngha lam.
V tr cua cac lo co the c ieu khien ong thi theo hai truc hoac ieu khien ke
tiep nhau.
- ieu khien ng thang (hnh1-7b) la dang ieu khien ma khi gia cong dung cu cat
thc hien lng chay dao theo mot ng thang nao o song song vi mot truc toa o. Dang
ieu khien nay c dung cho cac may phay va ma y tien n gian.
- ieu khien theo ng vien (theo contour, hnh 1-7c) cho phep thc hien chay dao
tren nhieu truc cung luc.
Tuy theo so truc c ieu khien ong thi khi gia cong ngi ta phan biet: ieu khien
ng vie n 2D, ieu khie n ng vien 2.5D va ieu khie n ng vien 3D, 4D, 5D.
ieu khien ng vien 2D cho phe p thc hien chay dao theo hai truc ong thi trong
mot mat phang gia cong, v du, trong mat phang XZ hoac XY tren hnh 1-8a. Truc th ba
c ieu khie n hoan toan oc la p vi hai truc kia.
ieu khien ng vien 2.5D (hnh 1-8b) cho phep an dao ong thi theo hai truc nao o
e gia cong be mat trong mot mat phang nhat nh. Tren may CNC co 3 truc X, Y, Z ta se
ieu khien c ong thi X va Y; X va Z hoac Y va Z.

Hnh
1 - 8

ieu khien ng vien 3D cho phep ong
thi chay dao theo ca 3 truc X, Y, Z. Ca ba truc
chuyen o ng hoa h p vi nhau hay co quan he
rang buoc ham so, (hnh 1-9).
Ta thay ng vien c gia cong do ca
3 lng chay dao theo truc X, Y, Z tao thanh.
ieu khien ng vien 3D c ng dung e
gia cong cac khuon mau, gia cong cac chi tiet
co be mat khong phc tap.

Hnh 1-9
a)
b)
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ieu khien 4D (hnh 1-10a)va ieu khien 5D (hnh 1-10b): Ngoai cac truc tnh tien X,
Y va Z ay con cac truc quay cung c ieu khien so. Nh ieu khien 4D va 5D ngi ta
co the gia cong cac chi tiet phc tap nh cac khuon ren dap, cac khuon uc ap lc hoac cac
canh tuabin.

5. He truc toa o tre n may CNC
Theo tieu chuan ISO, cac chuyen ong cat got khi gia cong chi tiet tren may CNC phai
nan trong mot he truc toa o Descarte theo nguye n tac ban tay phai. Trong o co ba chuye n
ong tnh tien theo cac truc va ba chuyen ong quay theo cac truc tng ng.

- Truc Z tng ng vi phng truc chnh cua may CNC, chieu dng la chieu lam tang
khoang cach gia dao va chi tiet gia cong. Chie u quay dng cung chie u kim o ng ho (nhn
t goc toa o).
- Truc X tng ng chuyen ong tnh tien ln nhat cua may CNC. V du tren may phay
la chuyen ong chay dao doc, tre n may tien la chuyen o ng chay dao ngang. Chieu dng la
chieu lam tang khoang cach gia dao va chi tiet.
- Truc Y hnh thanh vi hai truc tren trong he truc toa o. V du tren may phay chnh la
chuyen o ng chay dao ngang cua ban may, tren may tien khong co truc nay.
Lu y khi xet he truc toa o cua may CNC phai coi nh chi tiet ng yen, co n dao
chuyen o ng theo cac phng cua he truc toa o.
He truc toa o cua may CNC c at vao cac loai chuan c ban sau:
Hnh 1-10a ieu khien ng vien 4D.
Hnh 1-10b ie u khien ng vien 5D.
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M (Machine Point): Chuan may. May se o lng t v tr nay en cac v tr khac khi
lam viec. Khong the thay oi.
R (Reference Point): Chuan quy chieu cua may, dung e ong kn kho ng gian lam
viec cua may. Khong the thay oi.
T (Tool Offset): Chuan dao. e xac nh v tr dao cat sau khi a lap dao vao o dao.
Khong the thay oi.
W ( Work Point): Chuan chi tiet. Dung lam goc cua he toa o lam viec trong qua
trnh gia cong. Co the thay oi theo y muon cua ngi cong nghe. Chuan nay chnh la chuan
cong nghe v vay phai c chon trong khong gian lam viec cua may.
P ( Program Point): Chuan thao chng. Dung lam goc cua he toa o trong qua trnh
soan thao chng trnh. Co the thay oi theo y muon cua ngi lap trnh. Chuan nay ne n
trung vi chuan thiet ke tre n ban ve chi tiet.
6. Cac bc thc hien gia co ng tre n may CNC
a) Nghien cu cong nghe gia cong chi tiet
- oc hieu ban ve chi tiet: Hnh dang, o chnh xac, o bong va vat lieu.
- Chon phoi, chon may va cach ga lap.
- Chon tien trnh cong nghe hp ly. Chon dao va xac nh che o cat got cho tng
bc cong nghe. Lap phie u nguyen cong.
b) Thiet ke quy ao cat
- Lap quy ao chuyen o ng cua dao that chi tiet, hp ly va chnh xac.
- Tnh toan toa o cua cac iem chuyen tiep tren quy ao chuye n ong cua dao.
V du phay:

Chi tiet gia cong
ng bao chi tiet
Dao cat
Quy ao chuyen
ong cua dao
iem chuyen tiep
Phoi
Quy ao chuyen
ong cua dao
6
8
7
5
4 3
2
1
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Tren hnh quy ao chuye n ong cua dao phay la quy ao chuye n ong cua iem tam
va mat au dao phay. e xac nh quy ao chuyen ong o , khong phai bien dang cat got
nao cung xac nh de dang ma ch gap nhng bien dang song song vi cac to a o cua may
CNC ma thoi. Trng hp oi vi cac bien dang phc tap hn (2D hoac 2,5D) ngi lap trnh
co the dung bien cua chi tiet yeu cau lam quy ao chuyen ong cua dao nhng luc nay phai
hieu chnh ban knh dao phay. Van e hieu chnh ban knh dao nh the nao cho bien dang
c cat got ra cho ung, ky thuat lap trnh NC se giai quyet chng sau.
oi vi cac be mat gia cong phc tap hn (3D, 4D hoac 5D) quy ao chuyen ong
cua dao phay phai c xac nh nh tr giup cua may tnh va cac phan mem chuyen dung.
* V du tien:

Dao tien luon luon co ban knh cong R mui dao. e gia cong chnh xac, ta phai quan
tam en kch thc nay. Khi chng trnh ch th dao tien en toa o cac iem chuye n tiep th
iem o dao se en cac toa o o, v vay khi gia cong nhng ng cong hoac nghieng
(khong song song vi hai chuyen ong chay dao cua may tien) se gap phai sai so. e khac
phuc sai so o phai hieu chnh ban knh mui dao.
V du: e tien tinh bien dang (0-1-2-3-4-5) cua mot chi tiet, hnh ve di minh hoa cho
thay neu khong hieu chnh ban knh mui dao, bien dang chi tiet sau gia cong se mac phai sai
so.

Z
X
Quy ao
cat tinh
Quy ao cat tho
Toa o cac iem chuyen tiep
Phoi
Chi tiet
X
T
Z
T

Dao
Bien dang dao
cat c
Bien dang
chi tiet

Sai so
Quy ao
tam mu i
dao
Quy ao tam mui dao khi co hieu chnh ban
knh mui dao
Chi tie t
gia cong
iem
o dao
1

2
3
4
0
5
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V tr o dao la iem noi cua hai phng o theo toa o cua may tien CNC (Z
T
va X
T
).
Khi chng trnh ch th dao e n cac iem chuyen tiep tren bien cat cua chi tiet (0-1-2-3-4-5)
th iem o dao se en cac v tr (0-1-2-3-4-5). Nh vay tre n hnh thay rat ro iem 1, 2, 3 cua
chi tiet khong nam tre n li cat khi mui dao co ban knh cong R. Ket qua bien dang chi tiet
sau khi cat se mac phai sai so (oan co tuyen anh).

c) Lap chng trnh ieu khien NC
ay la bc quan trong nhat e gia cong c tren may CNC. Co hai phng phap
lap trnh :
- Phng phap lap trnh thu cong (Manual Programming): La phng phap lap trnh
khong co s tr giup cua may tnh, ngi lap trnh co the t bie n soan chng trnh NC tre n
c s nhan dang hoan toan chnh xac toa o chay dao. Kha nang lap trnh thu cong c coi
la yeu cau c ban oi vi ngi lap trnh NC, bi v co ky nang lap trnh nay, ngi lap trnh
mi co kha nang hieu, kha nang oc va sa oi chng trnh khi trc tiep van hanh may
CNC.
Phan ln cac phan mem lap trnh NC la san pham cua chnh nha san xuat he ieu
khien, th ng cung cap kem theo may CNC. Kha nang lap trnh cua nhng phan mem nay
noi chung rat han che. Phan ln ch co kha nang lap trnh cho nhng quy ao cat 2D; 2,5D
n gian va chu trnh gia cong c ban.
Phng phap lap trnh nay co the kiem tra bien dang cat bang cach mo phong tre n
may tnh vi phan mem NC hoac trc tiep tren he ieu khien cua may CNC. e truyen
chng trnh NC vao he ieu khie n may ta co the thc hien bang hai cach:
C
1
. Nhap t vat mang tin trung gian nh ba uc lo, bang uc lo, bang t, a t

e xac nh c v tr o dao, ngi ta dung c cau o dao sau khi a lap dao vao c
cau mang dao. V du mot c cau o dao:

Z
X
Ban ve

YCKT
Vat

mang tin
BAN VE
MAY
NC/CNC
LAP TRNH
Hnh hoc
&
cong nghe
XNG MA Y
PHONG CONG NGHE
PHONG THIET KE
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C
2
. Nhap t panel ieu khien theo che o MDI (Manual Data Input) tren may CNC

Hau het cac c s san xuat s dung may NC/CNC ket hp hai cach tren e lap trnh.
Phng phap ghi chng trnh tren bang uc lo, bang t hien nay ch con s dung cho cac the
he may NC cu.
- Phng phap lap trnh t ong (Automatically Programming): La phng phap lap
trnh nh s tr giup cua may tnh. Phng phap lap trnh nay bang ngon ng x ly hnh hoc
(APT Automatically Programmed Tool) hoac phan mem CAD/CAM tch hp nh cong cu
tr giup e chuyen oi t ong d lieu hnh hoc va d lieu cong nghe thanh chng trnh NC.
Ngay nay phng phap lap trnh bang cac phan mem CAD/CAM a c s dung
kha pho bien va rat co hieu qua, ac biet cho cac trng hp gia cong mat cong phc tap.

d) Kiem tra chng trnh ieu khien NC
Chng trnh sau khi soan thao can phai kiem tra, hieu chnh. ay cung la khau quan
trong trc khi gia cong tren may. Co hai cach kiem tra nh sau :
- Kiem tra thu cong: Do chng trnh bang mat va ve ra chi tiet gia cong bang tay.
Cach nay thc hien khi ieu kie n may tnh va phan mem khong co.
- Kiem tra bang may tnh: Chng trnh soan thao c nhap vao may tnh, cho chay
mo phong tren phan mem phu hp. Da tren quy ao chuyen ong cua dao va hnh dang chi
tiet hnh thanh ma sa oi chng trnh hay dao cat, che o cat ...
Cac phan mem CAD/CAM eu co chc nang kiem tra va mo phong tre n phan mem.
e) ieu chnh may CNC
ay la cong viec lam sao cho may CNC biet c chi tiet gia cong c at au
tren may va dung cu cat co knh thc ra sao ? Hay noi cach khac, muon gia cong c
chnh xac th chuoi kch thc cong nghe cua he tho ng cong nghe (bao gom: May - Dao - Ga
- Chi tiet) phai c khe p kn. Co ngha la:
Trong o:
0
1

n
i
Ki
Ban ve

YCKT
BAN VE
MAY
NC/CNC
Chng
trnh NC

Chng
trnh NC

PHAN MEM CAD/CAM
NGON NG XLHH
D lieu HH va CN
Post-processing
MAY CNC
PHAN MEM NC
Nha p thong so CN
(MDI)

DNC
XNG MA Y
PHONG CONG NGHE
PHONG THIET KE
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K
i
- Cac kch thc trong chuoi kch thc
cong nghe
n - So khau trong chuoi kch thc cong nghe
Khi thiet ke va che tao mot may CNC, ngi ta a xac nh cho may mot iem chuan
o lng. iem chuan o co the co nh tai mot v tr nhng cu ng co the khong co nh tu y
vao he ieu khien va cau truc cua ma y.
Khi gia cong chi tiet tren may CNC, viec chuan b cong nghe (trong o co ga lap,
dung cu cat) va chng trnh ieu khien c thc hien ben ngoai may CNC. Vay khi noi ket
chung lai (May Dao Ga Chi tiet) phai tuan theo mot chuoi kch thc cong nghe khe p
kn. Luc o may CNC mi ieu khien gia cong theo chuan cua no mot cach chnh xac c.
V du ve moi quan he gia cac chuan tren he toa o may tien CNC:

Z
M
o lech gia chuan may va chuan thay dao theo phng Z. May a biet.
Z
W
o lech gia chuan may va chuan chi tiet theo phng Z. Ngi gia cong phai xac nh
va bao cho may biet.
Z
1
Toa o Z cua iem 1 do ngi lap trnh soan thao trong chng trnh.
R Ban knh cua mui dao tien. Ngi gia cong phai bao cho may biet.
Z
T
o lech gia chuan dao vi v tr o dao sau khi lap dao vao c cau mang dao theo
phng Z. Ngi gia cong phai xac nh va bao cho may biet.
Z
o
Khoang cach di chuyen cua dao t v tr thay dao ti v tr chuan b gia cong theo
phng Z. May t tnh toan khi chuoi kch thc cong nghe c kep kn.
Z
0
= Z
M
Z
W
Z
1
R Z
T
Tng t nh vay cho phng X.
e thc hien c cong viec ieu chnh may CNC, ta phai:
Z
M

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- Chuan b phoi, dao cat va o ga. o ga c co nh trong khong gian gia cong tren
ban may (phai c ra vuong goc hoac song song vi cac phng chuyen o ng cua may).
- nh v va ke p chat phoi tren o ga.
- Thc hien cac bc Van hanh may cho t ng may CNC cu the.
f) Gia cong chi tiet tren may CNC
- a chng trnh gia cong ra man hnh ieu khie n, kiem tra lai chng trnh mot lan
na va ac biet phai kiem tra cac ng chay dao khong cat that ky.
- Gia cong.
7. Hnh thc to ch c gia cong tre n may CNC
a) Lap trnh thu cong, nhap chng trnh trc tiep len may CNC
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b) Lap trnh thu cong, nhap chng trnh bang bang o t lo .
c) Lap trnh t ong, nhap chng trnh bang bang uc lo.
Ba hnh thc to chc tren thuoc the he cac may NC cu. Cac the he nay ch co kha
nang nhap d lieu qua cong oc bang.
f) Lap trnh t ong va ieu khien so trc tiep (DNC Direct Numerical Control)
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Phng thc truyen thong pho bien nhat hien nay gia may NC/CNC va may tnh la
s dung chuan truyen d lieu RS-232-C. Cac the he may CNC mi eu c trang b cong
giao tiep nay. Ngoai cong RS-232-C, mot so may CNC con c trang b ca cong oc bang
cho nhng trng hp x dung can thiet.
Giao dien DNC c s dung e ket noi ma y CNC co cong RS-232-C. Ngoai viec cho
phep tai d lieu ve may CNC, giao dien DNC cho phep kha nang gi thong tin t may CNC
ve may tnh chu nh chng trnh gia cong a c kiem tra va cac thong tin lien quan khac
nh chng trnh cai at dao, cai at chuan
Co the ket noi trc tiep may CNC co co ng giao tiep RS-232-C vi he thong DNC
khong can bat ky thiet b giao tiep ngoai vi nao. Tuy nhien phng thc ket noi trc tiep nay
co nhng han che la khong co kha nang truy xuat cac chc nang ieu khien cua mang va
khong the thc hien cac chc nang khac trong thi gian truyen d lieu vi may CNC ket noi
trc tiep.
g) Lap trnh t o ng va ieu khien so phan phoi
e at c mang truyen tho ng dien rong, ngoai phng thc ieu khien trc tiep
tren (s du ng mot may tnh chu), hien nay ngi ta con dung mang DNC. Mang DNC la
phng thc ieu khien so phan phoi, co ngha s dung mang may tnh e at c mang
truyen tho ng dien rong trong x nghie p san xuat. He thong ieu khie n DNC co kha nang ie u
khien nhieu may CNC vi cac chc nang:
- Quan ly chng trnh
- am bao an toan oi vi viec truy nhap va hieu chnh d lieu
- Phan phoi d lieu hai chieu gia cac may tnh va may CNC
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- Kha nang tng thch vi may CNC cua nhie u nha san xuat
- Kha nang quan ly d lieu ve he thong dung cu, o ga
- Thu thap d lieu ieu hanh va quan ly
- Tch hp vi cac he thong CAD/CAM
V du mot cau hnh mang DNC:

PHONG KY THUAT

PHONG KINH DOANH
Tram
CAD
Tram
CAM
Tram
CNC
Tram
2
Tram
1
Cong noi
Cong noi
May
CNC 1
PLC
May
CNC 2
ng truyen
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CHNG 2
LAP TRNH THU CO NG
(LAP TRNH NC)

I. Cau truc chng trnh NC
1. a ch lenh
2. Lenh
3. Khoi lenh
II. Phng thc lap trnh
- Phng thc lap trnh tuyet oi
- Phng thc lap trnh tng oi
III. Cong nghe lap trnh phay NC
1. C s lap trnh phay NC
2. Cong nghe lap trnh phay NC
3. Lap trnh NC vi phan mem phay mo phong
4. V du lap trnh mo phong
1. C s lap trnh tien NC
2. Cong nghe lap trnh tien NC
3. Lap trnh NC vi phan mem tien mo pho ng
4. V du lap trnh mo phong

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CHNG 2
LAP TRNH THU CONG
I. Cau truc chng trnh NC
Mot chng trnh (Program) NC gom nhie u khoi lenh (Block), mot cau lenh co the co
t mot lenh en nhieu lenh (Word), mot lenh gom mot a ch (Address) va nhng con so.
V du mot chng trnh:
% 400 Ky hieu m au chng trnh (co the co hoac khong)
N10 G90
N30 T1 S1000 M4
N40 G0 X97. Z2.
N50 G1 X99. Z-0.5 F0.2
N60 G1 Z-30. Th t khoi lenh
N70 G0 X102. Z0.
N80 G0 Z0.
N90 G1 X-2.
N95 G0 X200. Z200.
N100 M5
N110 T2 S1000 M4 Khoi lenh
N120 G0 X0. Z2.
N130 G83 Z-120. D5. H13 F0.2
N140 G0 X200. Z200.
N150 M5
N440 T4 S1000 M4
N445 G0 X88. Z2. a ch: G
N450 G41 Lenh
N460 G1 X80. Z-2. F0.1 Con so: 41
N470 G1 X68.6 Z-21.12
N480 G3 X60. Z-30. R6.
N490 G1 X46.
N500 G1 X42. Z-32.
N510 G1 X42. Z-56.
N520 G1 X40. Z-56.
N530 G1 X40. Z-120.
N535 G40
N540 G0 X38.
N550 G0 Z200.
N560 M5
N570 M2 Lenh ket thuc chng trnh

Chng trnh co hai loai: chng trnh chnh (main program) va chng trnh con
(subprogram). Tien trnh ie u khien c thc hien theo chng trnh chnh. Khi xuat hie n
lenh goi chng trnh con trong chng trnh chnh, tien trnh ieu khien c chuyen ti
chng trnh con. e n khi le nh ket thuc chng trnh con c khai bao, tien trnh ieu khie n
c tra ve chng trnh chnh. Cau truc cua hai loai chng trnh nay giong nhau, co ngha
phai nhan biet c s bat a u va ket thuc cua chng trnh.
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V du:

1. a ch lenh
a ch lenh la tat ca cac ch cai, ch th v tr lu tr d lieu so theo sau.
Theo tieu chuan ISO, a ch lenh co y ngha sau:
A - nh v tr goc quay quanh truc X.
B - nh v tr goc quay quanh truc Y.
C - nh v tr goc quay quanh truc Z.
D - nh v tr goc quay quanh truc ac biet hoac hieu chnh dao.
E - nh v tr goc quay quanh truc ac biet.
F - Toc o chay dao (Feed).
G - Chc nang chuan b (Preparatory functions)
H - D tr
I - Toa o X cua tam ng tron hoac bc ren tre n truc X.
J - Toa o Y cua tam ng tron hoac bc ren tren truc Y.
K - Toa o Z cua tam ng tron hoac bc ren tren truc Z.
L - D tr.
M - Chc nang phu (Auxiliary Functions)
N - Th t cau lenh.
P, Q, R - Tham so
U, V, W - Toa o phu tng ng chuyen o ng X, Y, Z
S - Toc o vong truc chnh ( Speed) hoac toc o cat.
T - Dung cu cat (Tool).
X, Y, Z - Toa o theo cac truc X, Y, Z.

Khoi lenh 1
Khoi lenh 2

Khoi lenh n: Goi chng trnh con

Khoi lenh n+1: Ket thuc chng
trnh chnh

Khoi lenh 1
Khoi lenh 2

Khoi lenh m: Ket thuc chng trnh
con

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2. Lenh
La tap hp cac ky t (gom mot a ch va nh ng con so) cung cap cho may CNC mot
thong tin ay u e ch th mot ai lng ieu khien nhat nh. Co bon nhom lenh can ban
sau:
Nhom lenh thc hien chc nang nh v tr va hnh hoc
Bao gom cac a ch:
A B C D E
I J K
P Q R
U V W
X Y Z
Cac con so theo sau co khoang t 5 en 7 so tuy theo kha nang va o chnh xac cua
moi may, co the la so dng (co hoac khong co dau +), co the la so am (bat buoc phai co
dau -) va co the la so thap phan (lu y dau phay phai dung la dau cha m ).
Nhom lenh thc hien chc nang cong nghe:
o la nhng lenh ve toc o chay dao, toc o vong va ve dung cu cat. Bao gom cac a
ch: F (feed) S (speed) T (tool)
Cach ghi nhng con so sau nhng a ch F va S tu y thuoc kha nang cong nghe cua moi
loai may CNC. Co may ghi theo quy nh, nhng co may ghi theo tr so thc. Hien nay phan
ln cac may the he mi eu ghi theo tr so thc. oi vi a ch S, co the la toc o vong cua
truc chnh (vog/phut) nhng cung co the la toc o cat (m/phut). oi vi toc o chay dao, co
the dung (mm/phut) nhng cung co the (mm/vog).
oi vi a ch T, nhng con so la do ngi lap trnh at hoac a c quy nh tren o
dao, nhng c phep at bao nhie u con so th do may CNC va phan mem quyet nh.
Do o khi dung may CNC nao ta phai tm hieu ky cach ghi cac gia tr so sau cac a ch
F, S, T.
Nhom lenh thc hien chc nang chuan b
Chuan b thc hien cong viec nao o, v vay thng kho ng ng mot mnh trong khoi
lenh (tr mot so lenh mang y ngha ket thuc cong viec hoac bat au mot chuoi cong viec).
o la a ch G va nhng con so theo sau tuy thuoc kha nang cong nghe cua moi may CNC.
Nhng noi chung cac lenh chuan b can ban la giong nhau, v du:
- nh v tr vi toc o nhanh G0
- Noi suy ng thang G1
- Noi suy ng tron G2, G3
- Mat phang noi suy vong G17, G18, G19
- Hieu chnh ban knh dao cat G41, G42
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- Ket thuc hieu chnh ban knh dao G40
- Chu trnh cat got G81, G82, G83 ...
- Ket thuc chu trnh khoan lo G80
- Phng thc lap trnh G90, G91
Do o khi lap chng trnh cho mot may CNC cu the phai nghie n cu ky tap le nh cua
may o.
Nhom lenh thc hien chc nang phu
o la a ch M va nhng con so theo sau tuy thuoc kha nang cong nghe cua moi may
CNC. Nhng noi chung cac lenh phu can ban la giong nhau, v du:
- Dng chng trnh M0
- Dng may M1
- Ket thuc chng trnh M2, M30
- Chieu qquay truc chnh M3, M4
- Dng truc chnh M5
- Thay dao t ong M6
- M dung nh trn nguoi M8
- Tat dung dch trn nguoi M9
3. Khoi lenh
Khoi lenh c viet tren mot hang cua chng trnh, thc hien mot thu tuc di chuyen
hoac mot hoat ong cua may (co the vai hoat ong oc lap nhau) va c coi la n v c
ban cua chng trnh. Khoi lenh co the bao gom mot hoac mot nhom lenh thc hien cung
mot luc. No co the cha mot hoac nhieu lenh chc nang va trong moi chc nang co the co
vai lenh, nhng nh ng lenh o phai thc hien nhng hoat o ng oc lap nhau. Ngay ca trng
hp khac chc nang nhng do th t hoat ong cung khong the at vao cung khoi lenh.
Moi khoi lenh bat au bi lenh th t (N) ket thuc bi ky t ket thuc khoi le nh
(thng c t ong the hien bang dau ; khi a c cai at trong phan mem: tieu chuan
ISO s dung ky t (LF), tieu chuan EIA s dung ky t (CR) hoac Enter xuong hang hoac
EOB (End Of Block - tren mot so panel ieu khien)).
V du: Trong mot khoi lenh khong the thong tin cho may va m dung nh trn nguoi
lai va tat dung nh trn nguoi (M8 M9); Va quay truc chnh lai va dng truc chnh
(S1800 M3 M5).
Cau truc mot khoi lenh nh sau:
N... G... X... Y... Z... F... S... T... M... ;

Ky hieu
ket thuc
khoi lenh
Nhom lenh thc
hien chc nang
cong nghe
Nhom lenh thc hien
chc nang nh v tr va
hnh hoc

Nhom lenh
thc hien
chc nang
chuan b
Th t
cau lenh

Nhom lenh
thc hien chc
nang phu
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Th t khoi lenh phai tang dan, co the tang 1 n v hoac 5, 10 n v.
Trong khoi lenh, cac lenh co the viet lien nhau hoac gia chung co cac khoang trong.
Khi oc khoi le nh, he thong ieu khien khong oc khoang tro ng. Mot khoi le nh toi a la 128
ky t (ke ca khoang trong).
II. Phng thc lap trnh
Co hai phng thc lap trnh:
- Phng thc lap trnh tuyet oi (Absolute dimensions): La phng thc ma tat ca cac
v tr c xac nh t chuan thao chng.
- Phng thc lap trnh tng oi (Relative or incremental dimensions): La phng
thc ma trong o v tr au tien c xac nh t chuan thao chng, v tr tiep theo c xac
nh t v tr trc o va c tiep tuc nh the cho en het.

Cach chon phng thc lap trnh tuy thuoc vao o chnh xac va kch thc thiet ke tren
ban ve chi tiet gia cong.
V tr-Toa o
P 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11
T
o
a

o

t
u
y
e
t

o
i

Z - 8 - 8 - 4 7 - 5 9 2 6 - 2 6 - 9
X 8 - 1 - 5 4 5 9 4 - 8 1 - 3 - 7
T
o
a

o

t
n
g

o
i

Z -8 0 4 11 -12 14 -7 4 - 8 8 -15
X 8 - 9 - 4 9 1 4 - 5 -12 9 - 4 - 4

V du e tao mot bien dang co 12 v
tr trong he toa o co hai truc toa o X va Z,
ta chon P la chuan e soan thao chng trnh.
Gia s cac v tr c hnh thanh theo th t
t 1 en 12 th bang tren the hien toa o cua
cac v tr theo hai phng thc lap trnh.
- Khi lap trnh bang phng thc tuyet oi,
moi v tr t 1 en 11 eu c xac nh vi
chuan P a chon ban au.
- Khi lap trnh bang phng thc tng oi,
moi v tr t 1 en 11 eu c xac nh so
vi v tr ke trc no. Nhng v tr au tien
van phai c xac nh so vi chuan P.
P(X0,Z0)
+X
Z +
Z
-X
Z
Z
1
Z
2
Z
X
P
Tuyet oi
Z
1
Z
2
X
P
Tng oi
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III. Cong nghe lap trnh phay NC
1. C s lap trnh phay NC
a) May phay CNC va cac truc ieu khien
Co nhieu loai may phay CNC khac nhau, t loai n gian vi ba truc toa o (may phay
CNC truc chnh ng va ngang) e n cac trung tam gia cong nhieu truc (> 3 truc). Di ay la
mot so hnh anh v du ve mot so loai may phay CNC (hnh 2.1):
May phay CNC ng May phay CNC ngang He truc toa o tren may phay

Trung tam phay CNC 4 truc

Van e quan trong la phai xac nh c chuyen ong cua cac truc toa o tren may
cung nh moi quan he gia chung vi he toa o c nh ngha tren bo ieu khien. Trong
chng 1 a trnh bay he thong toa o s dung cho cac loai may NC/CNC va cac phng
phap ieu khien, chng nay chu yeu trnh bay ky thuat lap trnh cho may phay CNC ng 3
truc.
b) Dao phay CNC
Ve c ban dao phay CNC khong khac dao phay truyen thong a c hoc mon
Cong nghe che tao may. May CNC co mot so ac iem u viet hn may cong cu truye n
thong nh toc o cao, o chnh xac cao, mc o phc tap cua be mat gia cong, kha nang t

+X
+B
+C
+Z
+A
+Y

+X
-X
+Y
-Y
+Z
-Z
+A
-A
Hnh 2.1
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ong nh a trnh bay chng 1. Do vay ket cau cung nh chat lng cua dao phay CNC
phai c nang cao.
Hien nay co rat nhieu cong ty tren the gii chuyen san xuat dao va cho ra nhng so
tay tra cu rat hu hieu, tham ch a co nhng phan mem tra cu dao va che o cat got mot
cach t ong khi ta thong bao chnh xac vat lieu gia cong, kch thc, hnh dang be mat gia
cong, cung nh chat lng ye u cau
e lap trnh phay, ngi cong nghe ngoai viec biet chon hnh dang ket cau, vat lieu
dao cho hp ly ma con phai nam chac cac thong so cua dao (tooling parameters).
Di ay la mot so hnh anh v du ve cac loai dao va cac dang be mat gia cong (hnh
2.2a va 2.2b):

- Cac loai dao phay ngon: au bang, au tron
Va cac dang be mat gia cong t n gia n nh
b vai, cac loa i ranh then, lo, hoc en cac be
ma t nh hnh phc tap trong khong gian.
- Dao phay mat au gia cong mat phang

Hnh 2.2a
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- Cac loai dao phay a va da ng be mat gia cong

Phay m rong lo
theo phng xoan
Hnh 2.2b
Hnh 2.3
Mot so loai o
cha dao a, b, c
&
Tay may thay
dao d.

Dao
Tay thay dao
Truc chnh
O cha dao
1
2 3 7 6 5 4
17 16
15
18
8
14
11
19 20
21
a)
b)
c)
d)
Thong so cua dao bao gom: So hieu dao (tng thch vi so hieu tren o cha dao,
hnh 2.3); Ket cau va thong so hnh hoc phan cat cua dao (hnh 2.4); Chieu dai hieu chnh
dao (hnh 2.5 ).
Hnh 2.5
Chieu dai, chieu dai lam viec va
chieu dai hieu chnh dao
Hnh 2.4
Ket cau va
thong so
hnh hoc
phan cat
cua dao

Chieu dai hieu chnh
Ban knh
dao
Chua n dao
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Thng e gia cong mot chi tiet can s dung mot vai dao cat, trong o moi dao co
chieu dai hieu chnh va ng knh khac nhau (hnh 2.5). Do o khi gia co ng, oi vi moi
dao, can thc hien hanh trnh tien dao theo cac phng khac nhau. Neu lap trnh toa o di
chuyen theo chieu dai va ng knh moi dao, se rat kho khan va thc te thc hien khong
c.
e thuan tien cho viec lap trnh cung nh hieu chnh chng trnh, cac he ieu khie n
CNC e u co chc nang lu tr gia tr chieu dai va ban knh dao (tool parameters). ieu nay
cho phep thc hien viec gia cong ma khong can thay oi chng trnh, ngay ca khi co s thay
oi chieu dai va ng knh dao.
Gia tr chieu dai va ng knh dao c xac lap tren may trong qua trnh ra dao
(trong bc ieu chnh may chng 1) va c lu tr trong bo nh. Can c gia tr thiet lap
a c lu tr, he ieu khien se t ong bu tr cho toa o lap trnh e c toa o di
chuyen thc te cho moi dao cat.
c) Thong so gia cong (machining parameters)
Thong so gia cong c ban can c xac lap bc nghie n cu chi tiet gia cong va
tien trnh cong nghe gia cong tren may CNC, bao gom:
- Toc o truc chnh (Spindle speed vong/phut)
- Toc o chay dao theo phng X va Y (Feedrate th ng du ng mm/phut)
- Toc o chay dao theo phng Z (Plunge feedrate - thng dung mm/phut)
- Toc o cat (cutting speed m/phut)
- Chon phoi (Stock) va lng d gia cong (Stock allowance - mm) Hnh 2.6
- Thiet ke quy ao cat va quy ao chay khong cua dao (Toolpath) Hnh 2.6

- Chieu sau cat (Depth - mm) Hnh 2.7

Phoi
Chi tie t
gia cong

L
n
g

d

g
i
a

c
o
n
g

Hnh 2.6
Mo ta phoi, chi tiet gia cong va
quy ao cat
Quy ao cat
Quy ao
chay khong

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Chieu dai hoc
V

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a
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t
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r

d
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

Hnh 2.7
Mo ta phay hoc ch nhat
Mat phang an toan
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- Chieu sau an dao (Down step - mm) Hnh 2.7
- Bc chay dao ngang (Stepover distance) Hnh 2.7
- Mat phang gia cong (Tool plane) Hnh 2.7
- Mat phang an toan (Cleance plane) Hnh 2.7
- Mat phang lui dao (Retract plane) Hnh 2.7
- Gia cong tho (Roughing); Gia co ng ban tinh (Semi finishing); Gia cong tinh
(Finishing); Gia cong bo ng, trn lang (Smooth) Hnh 2.8
- Phng phap phay: Thuan (Conventional); Nghch (Climb);
- Kieu phay: Thang (Straight); Doc (Ramping) hnh 2.9; Xoan (Helical) hnh 2.10;
Bien dang (Profiling) hnh 2.11.

Chi tie t
gia cong
Hnh 2.8

Hnh 2.9

Hnh 2.11

Hnh 2.10

Hnh 2.12

- Hieu chnh ban knh dao (cutter compensation)
nh ngha s dch chnh tam dao so vi quy ao
ca t. S dch chnh ban knh dao sang tra i, phai, huy
s dch chnh c xac lap bi ca c t lenh tng ng
G41, G42 va G40 (hnh 2.12).
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2. Cong nghe lap trnh phay NC
Cong nghe phay chiem khoang 75% cac phng phap gia cong ieu khien so. e khai
thac tot cong suat cua cac loai may phay CNC, ngi lap trnh can nam vng cac ma lenh
ieu khien va ky thuat lap trnh, bao gom:
a) Cac lenh lap trnh c ban
- Lenh di chuyen dao: G00, G01, G02, G03
- Lenh ve toa o va n v kch thc: G90, G91, G20, G21
- Lenh ve he toa o: G17, G18, G19, G54 G59, G92
- Lenh ve iem tham chieu: G28, G29, G30
- Lenh ve toc o chay dao: F, G94, G95, G96
- Lenh ve toc o truc chnh: S, G97, M03, M04, M05
- Lenh chon va thay dao: T, M06
- Lenh ve cac chc nang phu: M00, M01, M02, M07, M08, M09, M30
b) Cac lenh lap trnh bu tr va dch chnh dao
Cac he ieu khie n ye u cau lap trnh gia cong theo toa o tam dao (tool center
coordinate) thay cho iem bie n tren chu vi dao cat. Do o khong the s dung trc tiep toa o
chi tiet v tam dao phai co v tr cach ng bien cat mot khoang bang ban knh dao. Phe p
dch chnh v tr ta m dao c goi la bu tr ban knh dao (radius compensation)
Cac lenh lap trnh bu tr va dch chnh dao cho phep bien oi n gian d lieu lap
trnh theo bien dang chi tiet gia cong thanh d lieu ng tam dao. Trong giao trnh nay, ta
s dung thuat ng hieu chnh dao, bao gom:
- Hieu chnh ban knh dao: G40, G41, G42
- Hieu chnh chieu dai dao: G43, G44, G49
c) Cac lenh ve chu trnh gia cong
Lenh chu trnh gia cong cho phep thc hien chuoi cac chc nang gia cong lap lai bang
mot khoi lenh. Lenh chu trnh han che c viec xac nh toa o, giam ang ke loi lap trnh,
tiet kiem khoang 50% thi gian lap trnh.
Co the phan loai chu trnh gia cong thanh ba nhom:
- Chu trnh c ban (standard cycles): G80, G81, G82, G83, G84, G85, G86, G87, G88,
G89;
- Chu trnh ac biet (special cycles): G71, G72, G73, G75, G76 ;
- Chu trnh ng du ng (user-defined cycles);
Nhom th nhat va nhom th hai c nha san xuat he ieu khie n cai at trc tiep tren
he thong, nhom th ba gom cac chng trnh macro bien soan bi ngi s dung va c lu
gi tren bo nh he ieu khien. Thong thng khong co s khac biet ve chu trnh phay c ban
gia cac he ieu khien, nhng cac chu trnh gia cong ac biet co the rat khac nhau.
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d) Cac lenh ve lap trnh phep lap
e tang hie u suat lap trnh cung nh giam thieu kch thc chng trnh cho cac
trng hp gia cong phc tap ve hnh dang hay co tnh lap ve quy trnh, v du nh khoan mot
tap hp lo co cung ng knh va cach eu nhau cac he ieu khien CNC hien ai eu c
trang b cac chc nang lap trnh vong lap (loops), chng trnh con (subprogram) va macro.
Co the coi vong lap nh chuoi lenh c lap lai nhieu lan. Chc nang tao vong lap
cho phe p re nhanh tr ve khoi lenh trc trong chng trnh va thc hien cac khoi lenh trong
vong lap theo so lan ch nh.
Chng trnh con la mot phan cua chng trnh chnh va co the c goi theo yeu cau
bi chng trnh gia cong co lien quan ti chng trnh con nay.
Macro la mot dang chng trnh con dang tham bien co kha nang thc hien cac phe p
tnh so hoc, logic, re nhanh cung nh cac chc nang lap lai, no co the lu tr tren bo ie u
khien va co the goi t chng trnh gia cong bat ky.
Cau truc chng trnh con hoac macro cung nh cau truc mot chng trnh chnh NC.
Co the chen chng trnh con hoac macro vao chng trnh chnh NC bang lenh hoac quy
nh rieng cua phan mem ieu khien.
e) Cac chc nang lap trnh nang cao
Cac chc nang nay tr giup nh phep lay t le, phep xoay, phep lay oi xng lam
n gian cong viec lap trnh, giam thi gian lap trnh.
3. Lap trnh NC vi phan mem phay mo phong
a) Gii thieu tap lenh cua phan mem
Cac lenh di chuyen dao
G00 Chay dao nhanh (khong cat got)
Cau truc: G00 X.. Y.. Z..
G00 U V W
X/U Y/V Z/W toa o
iem ch (U, V, W toa o
tng oi cuc bo)

V du lap trnh vi toa o tuyet oi:
N090 G00 X30 Y85
N100 G00 Z12
N110 G90
N120 G00 X105 Y35 Z2
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Lu y : oi vi phay CNC, khi lap trnh G00 nen lap trnh chay X va Y rieng trong
mot khoi lenh trc va sau o mi en khoi lenh chay Z.
G01 Noi suy ng thang
Cau truc: G01 X Y Z F
G01 U V W F
X/U Y/V Z/W toa o
iem ch (U, V, W toa o
tng oi cuc bo)

V du lap trnh vi toa o tng oi:
N090 G00 X30 Y85
N100 G0 Z12
N110 G91
N120 G00 X75 Y-50 Z-10
hoac: N090 G00 X30 Y85
N100 G0 Z12
N110 G00 U75 V-50 W-10

V du lap trnh vi toa o tuyet oi:
N085 G90
N090 G00 X30 Y30
N095 G00 Z2
N100 G01 Z-6
N105 G01 X110 Y75
iem ch

V du lap trnh vi toa o tng oi:
N085 G00 X30 Y30
N090 G00 Z2
N095 G91
N100 G01 Z-8
N105 G01 X80 Y45
hoac: N085 G00 X30 Y30
N090 G00 Z2
N100 G01 W-8
N105 G01 U80 V45
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G02 Noi suy cung tron theo chieu kim o ng ho
G03 Noi suy cung tron theo chieu ngc kim ong ho
Cau truc:

X/U Y/V Z/W : toa o
iem ch
I... J...: Toa o tam cua cung
tron c tnh tng oi so
vi iem khi xuat cua cung
R : ban knh cung tron
: hoac
Lu y: Noi suy cung tron ch thc hien trong
mat phang.

G2 X/U.. Y/V.. I.. J..
G3 Y/V.. Z/W.. J.. K.. R.. F..
Z/W.. X/U.. K.. I..

V du lap trnh toa o tuyet oi:
N085 G90
N090 G00 X55 Y35
N095 G00 Z2
N100 G01 Z-5
N105 G02 X95 Y75 I30 J10
hoac: N085 G90
N090 G00 X55 Y35
N095 G00 Z2
N100 G01 Z-5
N105 G02 X95 Y75 R30

V du lap trnh toa o tng oi:
N090 G00 X55 Y35
N095 G00 Z2
N100 G91
N105 G01 Z-7
N110 G02 X40 Y40 I30 J10
hoac: N090 G00 X55 Y35
N095 G00 Z2
N100 G91
N105 G01 Z-7
N110 G02 X40 Y40 R30
hoac: N090 G00 X55 Y35
N095 G00 Z2
N105 G01 W-7
N110 G02 U40 V40 R30
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Cac lenh ve mat phang gia cong
He toa o gia cong xac nh bang ba truc X, Y, Z va tao nen ba mat phang gia cong
chnh: XY, XZ, YZ. Co the ch nh mat phang gia cong bang lenh:
G17 Mat phang XOY
G18 Mat phang XOZ
G19 Mat phang YOZ
hoac bi lenh kch thc tng ng nh nhng v du ve cac lenh di chuyen dao tren.
nh ngha mat phang gia cong theo lenh kch thc ch co tac dung trong khoi lenh,
nhng nh ngha mat phang gia cong bang lenh co tac dung cho nhieu khoi lenh hoac ca
chng trnh.
Lenh ve chng trnh con va vong lap
G22 Goi chng trnh con
Cau truc: G22 A.. H..
A So khoi lenh bat au chng trnh con.
H So lan lap lai chng trnh con

Lenh ve hieu chnh ban knh dao
G40 Ket thuc hieu chnh ban knh dao
G41 Hieu chnh ban knh dao trai
(dao di chuyen ben trai quy ao cat)
G42 Hieu chnh ban knh dao phai
(dao di chuyen ben phai quy ao cat)
V du hnh ben khi gia cong bien ngoai va
bien trong cua mot chi tiet. Tuy theo hng di
chuyen cua dao va quy ao cat ( ng lap trnh) ma
co the xac nh hieu chnh trai hay phai.

G41
G42
G41
G42
V du chng trnh chnh:
N085 G90
N090 G00 X55 Y35
N095 G00 Z2
N100 G22 A5000 H12
N105 G00 Z200
....
N300 M2 (ket thuc chng
trnh chnh)
V du chng trnh con:
N5000 G82 Z-10 F50
N5010 G0 U10
.
N5100 M99 (ket thuc
chng trnh con)
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Cac lenh hieu chnh ban knh
dao tao lap vect bu tr vuo ng goc vi
quy ao cat va co o ln bang ban knh
dao (hnh 2.14).
Can chu y hng vao ra trc
khi bat au hieu chnh ban knh. oi vi
phan mem phay mo phong, hng vao
ra trc khi bat au hieu chnh ban knh
phai vuong goc vi quy ao cat (hnh
2.15).
e tr ve quy ao cat la tam dao can
huy bo che o hieu chnh ban knh dao bang
lenh G40.
Lenh ve chu trnh phay

G72 Chu trnh phay hoc ch nhat
Cau truc: G72 X.. Y.. Z.. D.. Q.. F..

X.., Y.., Z.. Toa o iem B
D Tr so dch dao ngang
Q Tr so dch dao ng
F Toc o chay dao doc

A iem bat au va ket thuc chu trnh
phay hoc ch nhat la tam va mat au dao. Khi
thc hien chu trnh phay, tam dao se t dch
chnh. Tr so dch dao ng t ong ieu chnh
giam dan en ay hoc. Hoc ch nhat yeu cau
phai co cung bo bang ban knh dao (hnh 2.16).
Ch thc hien chu trnh phay hoc ch nhat
khi kch thc cua hoc pha i ln hn hoac bang
hai lan ng knh dao.
e thc hien phay hoc phai nh v tr tam
va mat au dao tai v tr A bang le nh di chuyen
dao nhanh, sau o thc hien chu trnh phay hoc.

Hnh 2.14
Chi tie t
Sai
ung
G41
G42
Y
X
Hnh 2.15
Z
X
B
A
Q
iem bat a u va
ket thuc chu trnh

A
B
D
Hnh 2.16
Dao
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G75 Chu trnh phay hoc tron
Cau truc: G75 X.. Y.. Z.. R.. D.. Q.. F..
X.. , Y.. , Z.. Toa o iem B
R.. Ban knh hoc
D.. Tr so dch dao ngang
Q.. Tr so dch dao ng
F.. Toc o chay dao
A iem bat au va ket thuc chu trnh phay
hoc tron (hnh 2.17). Moi yeu cau thc hien chu
trnh phay hoc tron cung giong chu trnh phay hoc
ch nhat, ch khac ban knh dao phai nho hn ban
knh R cua hoc.
G80 Ket thuc chu trnh khoan lo
G82 Chu trnh khoan lo kho ng sau
Cau truc: G82 X.. Y.. Z.. R.. P.. F..
X.. Y.. Z.. Toa o iem B
R.. Khoang cach an toan
P.. Thi gian dng (giay)
F.. Toc o chay dao
A iem bat au va ket thuc chu trnh
khoan lo. P - Thi gian dng tnh tien khi dao
khoan lo e n toa o iem B, sau o t ong rut dao
ve iem A (hnh 2.18).
G83 Chu trnh khoan lo sau
Cau truc: G83 X.. Y.. Z.. R.. Q.. P.. F..
X.. Y.. Z.. Toa o iem B
R.. Khoang cach an
toan
Q.. Tr so dch dao
ng
F.. Toc o chay dao
A iem bat au va ket thuc chu
trnh khoan lo sau. Tr so dch dao ng Q t
ong ieu chnh giam dan en ay lo (hnh
2.19).

Hnh 2.17
A

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n
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k
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a
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r
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t

d
a
o

Z
R
A
B
Hnh 2.18

A
Q
Z
B
R
Hnh 2.19
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G90 Phng thc lap trnh tuyet oi
G91 Phng thc lap trnh tng oi
G92 Dch chuyen chuan thao chng
Cau truc: G92 X.. Z..
X.. Z.. Toa o can dch chuyen ti
G94 Toc o chay dao phut (mm/phut).
G95 Toc o chay dao vong (mm/vong).
Cac lenh chc nang cong nghe
F.. Lenh khai bao toc o chay dao (tr so tuy theo n v khai bao: mm/phut hoac
mm/vong)
S.. Lenh khai bao toc o vong truc chnh (vo ng/phut)
T.. Lenh goi dao (tr so quy nh t 1 en 12)
Lenh S.. va T.. khai bao chung trong mot khoi lenh (trng hp thay dao bang tay)
cung vi chieu quay truc chnh.
Cau truc: T.. S.. M.. (trong o M ch chieu quay truc chnh)
Cac lenh chc nang phu
M2 Ket thuc chng trnh chnh
M3 Chieu quay truc chnh theo kim ong ho
M4 Chieu quay truc chnh theo ngc kim ong ho
M5 Dng truc chnh
M8 M ti trn
M9 Tat ti trn
M99 Ket thuc chng trnh con
b) Mot so quy nh cua phan mem phay mo phong
So th t khoi lenh
N1 en N4999 So th t khoi lenh trong chng trnh chnh
N5000 en N9999 So th t khoi lenh trong chng trnh con.
Th vien dao phay
Phan mem quy nh thay dao bang tay va s dung dao trong th vien phan mem nh
sau: - Dao phay ngon: 8 Ma khai bao: KN1
10 KN2
12 KN3
20 KN4
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- Dao phay mat au 25 Ma khai bao: KS1
30 KS2
- Dao phay tru 30 Ma khai bao: KW1
34 KW2
- Mui khoan 5 Ma khai bao: KB1
8 KB2
12 KB3
20 KB4
- Mui khoan tam 4 8 Ma khai bao:KB5
Chuan may M
Tren man hnh mo phong cua phan mem the
hien 3 hnh chieu vi chuan chi tiet trung chuan may.
Nh vay khi lam viec vi phan mem ta ch can khai
bao v tr chuan thao chng so vi chuan chi tiet.
Trnh t lam viec vi pha n mem phay mo phong
- Khi o ng phan mem\ Vao tap tin Adimill.bat\
Nhap ngay... Datum; ten ngi soan thao chng
trnh Name va ma so chng trnh Kurs\ F2 Start: m ra Thc n chnh (tren lu o la
ng net am)
- Chuan b chng trnh NC: Neu cha co chng trnh, nhap chng trnh vao phan
mem, theo ng dan sau: Thc n chnh \ F2 Editor \ F2 Edit
a co chng trnh lu trong a vi te n tap tin *.mil , m chng trnh theo ng
dan sau: Thc n chnh \ F3 Datei \ F3 Laden \ F3 Hauprp (neu la chng trnh chnh) \
F3 Unterp (neu la chng trnh con). Nh vay chng trnh chnh va chng trnh con phai
lu hai tap tin rieng biet.
- Khai bao cac thong so cong nghe nh: T lenh dao (T) cho tng bc cong nghe
(nhap ky hieu theo quy nh cua th vien dao); Kch thc phoi (LX - chieu dai theo phng
X, LY - chieu rong theo phng Y, LZ - chieu cao theo phng Z) va o lech cua chuan thao
chng P so vi chuan chi tiet W theo tng phng (OX lech theo phng X, OY - lech
theo phng Y, OZ - lech theo phng Z).
Khai bao t lenh dao: Thc n chnh \ F4 Ruest \ F2 Werkz
Khai bao phoi : Thc n chnh \ F4 Ruest \ F3 Teil \ F5 Def
Khai bao chuan thao chng : Thc n chnh \ F4 Ruest \ F4 4N-PKT
- Mo phong chng trnh: Thc n chnh \ F5 Simula \ F4 Auto hoac F3 Einzel (F4
chay toan bo chng trnh; F3 chay tng khoi lenh cua chng trnh).
MW
Y
Y
X Z
Z
X
Chi tie t
M
M
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Lu o thc hien phan mem phay mo phong CNC

Khi ong ma y tnh
Vao phan mem\Adimill.bat

Datum (Nhap ngay thang nam)
Name (Nhap ten ngi L.T)
Kurs (Nhap ma so C.T)
F1 - Halt
Thoat ra
F2 Start
Chua n may

F8
Demo
F1
Halt
F1 Weiter
Tr vao phan mem
F10 End
Ra khoi phan mem
F1
F2 Edit
Soan thao
chng trnh
F3 Loesch
Xoa cau lenh
F4 Nummer
anh so cau lenh
F5 List <
Lat trang trc
F6 List >
Lat trang sau
F2
Editor
Soan
tha o
F5 Scala
T le
F4 4N-PKT
Chua n thao
chng
F3 Teil
Phoi lieu
F2
Werkz
Dao cat
F1
F4
Ruest
Cai at
thong so
c.nghe
F5 Simula
Mo phong
chng trnh
F6 Bahm
Mo phong
quy ao cat
F7
Text
F1
F5 Def
Kchthc
phoi
F1
F2 Loesch-
Xoa
F4 > Tang
F3 < Giam
F1
F3 Einzel
Tng khoi lenh
F4 Auto
Toan bo ch. trnh
F1
F3 Einzel
Tng cau lenh
F4 Auto
Toan bo ch. trnh
F3
Datei
D lieu
F3 Hauptp
Ch. trnh chnh
F4 Unterp
Ch. trnh con
F3 Hauptp
Ch. trnh chnh

F4 Unterp
Ch. trnh con
F1 Halt
F2 - Inhalt
Liet ke ch. trnh
F3 Laden
M chng trnh
F4 Sicher
Ghi chng trnh
F5 Drucke
In chng trnh
F6 loesch
Xoa chng trnh
F7 Reset
Xoa ma n hnh
F1
F1
Thc n chnh
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4. V du lap trnh NC vi pha n mem phay mo pho ng (ban ve so 12 - Phu luc 2)
Bc 1: Nghien cu chi tiet gia cong, chon phoi vat lieu mica vi kch thc:
Lx = 100 (Chieu dai)
Ly = 70 (Chieu ro ng)
Lz = 15 (Chieu cao)
Vach trnh t bc cong nghe, chon dao, che o cat va lenh nh sau:
- Phay cac hoc ch nhat bang dao phay ngon N2 : T1, F100, S2000
- Khoan 7 lo bang dao phay ngon N1 : T2, F80, S2200
Ga at va chon chuan thao chng theo s o ben. Lech chuan (P-W) theo cac
phng nh sau:
0X = 0.000
0Y = 0.000
0Z = 15.000
Lap phieu nguyen co ng
(xem mau phu luc 2)

Bc 2: Thiet ke quy ao cat. Quy
ao cat la iem tam va mat au
dao theo bang toa o sau:

V tr
Toa o
A B A
1
B
1
C D C
1
D
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
X 8 45 16 37 55 92 60 87 74 65 65 74 83 83 74
Y 62 8 54 16 62 35 57 40 18 23 13 8 13 23 28
Z 2 -5 -3 -10 2 -5 -3 -8 -10 -10 -10 -10 -10 -10 -10

Bc 3: Soan thao chng trnh NC gia cong chi tiet
N10 G90
N20 T1 S2000 M3
N30 G0 X8 Y62
N40 GO Z2
N50 G72 Q3 X45 Y8 Z-5 D8 F100
M=W
M=W=P
X
P
Y
P
X
P
P
Z
P
W
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N60 G0 X16 Y54
N70 GO Z-3
N80 G72 Q3 X37 Y16 Z-10 D8 F100
N90 GO X55 Y62
N100 G72 Q3 X92 Y35 Z-5 D8 F100
N110 G0 X60 Y57
N120 G0 Z-3
N130 G72 Q3 X87 Y40 Z-8 D8 F100
N140 G0 Z200
N150 G0 X-50 Y150
N160 M5
N170 T2 S2200 M3
N180 G0 X74 Y18
N190 G0 Z2
N200 G82 P1 Z-10 R2 F80
N210 G82 P1 X65 Y23 Z-10 R2 F80
N220 G82 P1 X65 Y13 Z-10 R2 F80
N230 G82 P1 X74 Y8 Z-10 R2 F80
N240 G82 P1 X83 Y13 Z-10 R2 F80
N250 G82 P1 X83 Y23 Z-10 R2 F80
N260 G82 P1 X74 Y28 Z-10 R2 F80
N270 G0 Z200
N280 G0 X-50 Y150
N290 M5
N300 M2
Bc 4: Kiem tra chng trnh.
Kiem tra cac thong so cong nghe nh chon t lenh ma dao, phoi, chuan thao chng.
oc va ve lai quy ao cat, quy ao chay khong cat xem hp ly va chnh xac cha. Cach
kiem tra nay bang phng phap thu cong.
Bc 5: Mo phong chng trnh.
Chay mo phong che o AUTO (toan bo chng trnh), neu chng trnh tot (hnh
dang chi tiet gia co ng ung) th xong. Neu cha tot, chay lai mo phong che o EINZEL
(tng khoi lenh), anh dau cac khoi lenh cha chnh xac, tr ve phan soan thao chnh sa.
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1. C s lap trnh tien
Ky thuat lap trnh c ban cho may tien NC/CNC nhn chung n gian hn so vi cac
loai may phay NC/CNC.
Nhieu he ie u khien khac nhau c s dung cho may tien NC/CNC nh FANUC,
FAGOR ... Tuy nhien, phan ln cac bo ieu khien eu co chung mot so chc nang ieu khie n
c ban, ky thuat lap trnh cung nh viec khai bao thong so la tng t nh nhau.
a) May tien va he truc to a o may tien CNC
Co nhie u loai may tien NC/CNC khac nhau, t loai n gian vi hai truc toa o e n
cac trung tam gia cong nhieu truc, nhieu truc chnh, trung tam gia cong phoi hp tien phay.
He thong toa o tren may tien NC/CNC cung c s dung chung cho cac loai may NC/CNC
a trnh bay cac phan trc.
Phan nay chu yeu trnh bay ky thuat lap trnh cho cac may tien hai truc toa o. Cac
truc toa o va chieu cua no c trnh bay tren hnh 2.20; He thong toa o c xac nh t
v tr phoi va hng nhn theo truc chnh t mam cap en ong, neu ban xe dao pha ben
nao cua truc chnh (truc +Z) th truc +X se hng ve pha o. Tng t chieu quay cua tru
chnh (cung chieu kim o ng ho CW hoac ngc chieu kim o ng ho - CCW) luon c xac
nh theo hng nhn t ma m cap en u ong.

Khong gian lam viec cua may tien NC/CNC la mot khoi tru v vay chuan may M co
the tam va mat au (pha mam cap), chuan R nam v tr xa nhat hoac ngc lai.
b) Dao tien CNC
Dao tien tre n may CNC c chon la theo yeu cau, at iem cua be mat chi tiet gia
cong. Dao co hai phan: phan cat (phan lam viec) va phan can (phan than).
Phan cat dao tien CNC thng dung la cac loai manh dao (insert) tieu chuan. Co cac
loai manh dao: hnh bnh hanh (ky hieu A, B, K), hnh thoi (ky hieu C, D, E, M, V), hnh ch

Z
X
Z
X

Hnh 2.20
CW
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nhat (L), hnh tron (R), hnh vuo ng (S), hnh tam giac (T), hnh 3 goc (W), hnh bac giac (O),
ngu giac (P), luc giac (H). V du mot so loai manh dao hnh 2.21;

Phan can dao tien CNC c chia thanh nhieu loai nh:
- He thong dao T-MAX P: c s dung tien tho, tinh ngoai va trong. Ngoai ra co the
c s dung cho viec gia cong cac lo ln (hnh 2.22).
- He thong dao T- MAX U: S dung tien lo , tien nh hnh (hnh 2.23).
- He thong dao cat t T- MAX Q: S dung e tien cat t thep tru ac va rong, tien
ranh trong va ngoai, tien ranh sau va ranh be mat, tien nh hnh (hnh 2.24).
- He thong dao tien ren T- MAX U: La mot he thong dao tien ren vi nhieu kieu ren
va bc ren trai, phai khac nhau; c s dung cho tien ren trong va ren ngoai (hnh 2.25).

Hnh 2.21
Hnh 2.24
Hnh 2.25
Hnh 2.22
Hnh 2.23
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Khi tien tinh ngoai va trong chu y chon goc nghieng chnh va phu cho phu hp vi
ac iem be mat gia cong, loai manh dao va phng chay dao sau. Di ay la mot so v du:
- Tien tinh mat ngoai (Hnh 2.26)

- Tien tinh trong (hnh 2.27)

Hnh 2.26

Hnh 2.27
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2. Cong nghe lap trnh tien NC
Cong nghe tien NC/CNC chiem khong nhieu trong cac phng phap gia cong ieu
khien so, khoang 25%. Ky thuat lap trnh cho tien CNC nhn chung cung giong phay nhng
n gian hn, co ngha cac lenh lap trnh c ban nh: di chuyen dao, toa o ; cac lenh lap
trnh bu tr dch chnh dao; lap trnh macro va chng trnh con; cac chc nang lap trnh nang
cao eu co khi lap trnh cho tien.
3. Lap trnh NC vi phan mem tien mo phong
a) Gii thieu tap lenh cua phan mem
Cac lenh di chuyen dao
G00 Di chuyen dao nhanh (khong cat got) t v tr iem 0 en v tr iem A (hnh
2.28)
Cau truc: G0 X/U Z/W...
X/U.., Z/W.. Toa o iem A (U,W toa o tng oi cuc bo)
G01 Noi suy ng thang (cat t A en B) - hnh 2.28
Cau truc: G1 X/U... Z/W... F...
X.., Z.. Toa o iem B
F.. Toc o chay dao

G02 Noi suy cung tron theo chieu kim o ng ho (cat mot cong t B en C - hnh
2.28)
Cau truc 1: G2 X.. Z.. I.. K.. F..
X.. Z.. Toa o cua iem C (iem ch)
I.. J.. Toa o tam cua ng cong (thng dung toa o tng
oi, co ngha so vi iem xuat phat ng cong, iem B)
F Toc o chay dao
Cau truc 2: G2 X.. Z.. R.. F..
Hnh 2.28
C
A
B
O
P
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X.. Z.. Toa o cua iem C
R Ban knh cua cung tron
F.. Toc o chay dao
G03 Noi suy cung tron theo chieu ngc kim ong ho (cat t C en B hnh 2.28)
Cau truc 1: G3 X.. Z.. I.. K.. F..
Cau truc 2: G3 X.. Z.. R.. F..
Lenh ve chng trnh con va vong lap
G22 Goi chng trnh con
Cau truc : G22 A.. H..
A .. So khoi lenh bat au chng trnh con.
H .. So lan lap lai chng trnh con
Lenh ve hieu chnh ban knh mui dao
G41 Hieu chnh ban knh mui dao trai
(dao cat got ben trai quy ao cat)
G42 Hieu chnh ban knh mui dao phai
(dao cat got ben phai quy ao cat).
G40 Ket thuc hieu chnh ban knh mui
dao.
Lenh ve chu trnh tien
G71 Chu trnh tien tho boc vo tng lp
song song vi truc Z
Cau truc 1: G71 A.. I.. K.. D.. F..

A.. Chng trnh con so
khoi lenh bat au
I.. Lng d gia cong
tinh theo phng X
K.. L ng d gia cong
tinh theo phng Z
D.. Chie u sau lat cat
F Toc o chay dao
Z
X

I
K
Lp cat
D
iem bat
au ng
bao
iem ket
thuc ng
bao
iem bat au
va ket thuc
chu trnh G71
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Cau truc 2: G71 P.. Q.. I.. K.. D.. F..
P.. Q.. T cau lenh ... e n cau lenh ...
G72 Chu trnh tien tho boc vo tng lp song song vi truc X
Cau truc: G72 A.. (P.. Q..) I.. K.. D.. F..

A.. Chng trnh con
P.. Q.. T cau lenh ... e n cau lenh ...
I.. Lng d gia cong tinh theo X
K.. Lng d gia cong tinh theo Z
D.. Chieu sau lat cat
F Toc o chay dao

G76 Chu trnh tien ren
Cau truc: G76 X.. Z.. K.. D.. H.. F..
X.. Z.. Toa o iem B
K.. Chieu cao ren
D.. Chieu sau lp cat cuoi cung
H.. So lat cat
F.. Bc ren

G82 Chu trnh khoan lo kho ng sau
Cau truc: G82 X.. Z.. F..
iem bat
au ng
bao
iem ket thuc
ng bao
K
D
Lp cat
iem bat au
va ket thuc
chu trnh G72

I
iem bat au va ket
thuc chu trnh G76
B
K

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Cau truc: G83 X.. Z.. D.. H.. F..
X.. Z.. V tr ay lo khoan
D.. Chieu sau mot lat khoan au tien
H.. So lat con lai
F.. Toc o chay dao

G80 Khi ket thuc chu trnh khoan lo
G92 Dch chuyen chuan thao chng
Cau truc: G92 X.. Z..
X.. Z.. Toa o can dch chuyen ti
Lenh chc nang cong nghe
F Lenh khai bao toc o chay dao (tr so tuy theo n v khai bao: mm/phut hoac
mm/vong)
S.. Lenh khai bao toc o vo ng truc chnh (vong/phut)
T.. Lenh goi dao
Lenh S.. va T.. khai bao chung trong mot khoi lenh.
Cau truc: T.. S.. M..
M.. Chieu quay truc chnh (M3 hoac M4)
Cac lenh chc nang phu
M2 Ket thuc chng trnh
M3 Chieu quay truc chnh theo kim ong ho
M4 Chieu quay truc chnh theo ngc kim ong ho
M5 Dng truc chnh
M8 M ti trn
M9 Tat ti trn
Z
V tr bat au va ket
thuc chu trnh khoan
D
Khoang cach an toan (2 5) mm
So lat con lai
Z
X
P

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b) Mot so quy nh cua phan mem tien mo phong
So th t khoi lenh
N1 en N4999 So th t khoi lenh trong chng trnh chnh
N5000 en N9999 So th t khoi lenh trong chng trnh con.
Th vien dao tien
Phan mem quy nh thay dao bang tay va s dung dao trong th vien phan mem. Nh
vay khi chon dao nao, phai nhap ung ky hieu cua dao o vao bo nh may tnh. oi vi dao
cat t, nh dao quy nh la v tr co ghi ch . Trong chng trnh, cac lenh di chuyen
dung cu va cac chu trnh cat, e u co toa o cua iem ch. Toa o iem ch o la toa o ma
iem o dao se ti. Hnh 2.29 di ay la th vien dao va ky hieu quy nh cua phan mem:

Quy nh o lech gia
chuan M va W theo phng Z
la 20mm; kch thc chau kep
la 20 mm (hnh 2.30).
Gia s tren hnh chon
chuan thao chng tai mat au
chi tiet, can khai bao cho phan
mem o lech cua chuan thao

G2 X.. Z.. I.. K.. F..
(G3) ( R)
A So cau lenh
bat au chng
A
1
A
2
A
3
A
4
A
5

A
6
A
7
A
8
A
9

S
1
S
2
S
3
S
4
S
5

B
1
B
2
B
3
I
1
I
2

I
3

P
1
G
1
nh

Quy nh chuan M va W
Hnh 2.29
M
W
20 20
P
L
l
A
B
Phoi
Chi tiet
gia cong
C
Hnh 2.30
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chng P so vi chuan may M theo phng Z nh sau:
Lech (P M)
Z
= l + 20 + B + A + 20
Trong o: B mieng cat t (neu can cat t)
A Khoang cach an toan
l - Chieu dai chi tiet can gia cong
Chieu dai phoi L theo phng Z c tnh nh sau:
L = l + B + A + 20 + C
Trong o: C Lng d vat mat au (neu can co)
Quy nh ve to a o X
Phoi s dung cho tien CNC co dang khoi tru hoac khoi tron xoay nhieu bac oi x ng
qua ng tam. Thong thng tre n cac ban ve ky thuat, kch thc tron xoay thng c
cho theo ng knh. e s du ng thuan tien moi kch thc, he ieu khien CNC cung cap hai
phng phap lap trnh kch thc theo phng X:
- Lap trnh theo ng knh: Toa o X c xac nh theo ng knh (gap oi khoang
cach thc).
- Lap trnh theo ban knh: Toa o X c xac nh theo ban knh.
Chon phng phap lap trnh theo ng knh hay ban knh tuy thuoc vao cac thong so
may a c cai at. Thong thng, lap trnh ng knh c chon nh che o mac nh
tren cac bo ieu khien tien CNC.
Phan mem tien mo phong chon phng phap lap trnh theo ng knh.
Th t lam viec vi phan mem tien mo phong
- Khi o ng phan mem\ Vao tap tin Aditurn.bat \ ..
Cac bc con lai giong nh phan mem phay mo phong. Ch khac chng trnh lu co
phan m rong cua tap tin *.Trn.
Lu o thc hien phan mem tien mo phong
Giong nh phan mem phay mo pho ng.
4. V du lap trnh NC vi pha n mem tien mo phong
Yeu cau lap trnh NC gia cong chi tiet hnh 2.31 va kiem tra quy ao cat bang phan
mem tien mo phong.
Bc 1: Nghien cu chi tiet gia cong, chon phoi vat lieu mica vi kch thc:
Chieu dai phoi: Lz = 46 + 3 + 10 + 20 + 2 = 81 mm
ng knh phoi: Lx = 34 mm
Ga at :Mam cap ba chau t nh tam.

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Trnh t gia cong va lap phieu nguye n cong

TT Bc cong nghe Ma dao va
ky hieu
Che o cat
t
(mm)
F
(mm/vong)
S
(vong/phut)
1 Vat mat au T1 (A2) 2 0.2 1000
2 Tien tho boc vo bien ngoai T1 (A2) 0.2 1000
3 Tien tinh bien ngoai T2 (A4) 0.5 0.1 1500
4 Tien ren T3 (G1) 0.1 1.5 300
5 Cat t T4 (S1) 3 0.1 500

Bc 2: Thiet ke quy ao cat va quy ao chay khong (hnh 2.32).
Quy ao cat la v tr o dao (hnh 2.31). Mui dao co ban knh cong r, nen khi tien tinh
ta hieu chnh ban knh mui dao.

T
T
x

Tz
T chuan dao
Tz gia tr cai at thong so dao theo phng Z
Tx gia tr cai at thong so dao theo phng X
V tr o dao la iem noi gia hai gia tr Tx va Tz
Mui dao co ban knh cong r

Hnh 2.31
Hnh 2.31
1
.
5

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Toa
o
1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
X 38 -2 30 15 18 18 18 15 15 20 24 24 30 30 32 -2
Z 0 0 4 2 0 -1.5 -16 -17.5 -21 -21 -23 -35 -38 -50 -46 -46

Bc 2: Soan thao chng trnh NC
N10 G90 G95
N20 T1 S1000 M4 * Goi dao 1
N30 G0 Z0
N40 G0 X38
N50 G1 X-2 Z0 F0.2 * Vat mat au
N60 G0 X30 Z4 * V tr iem 3
N70 G71 A5000 I0.5 K0.5 D1.5 F0.2 * Tien tho boc vo
N80 G0 X50 Z200 * Ve v tr thay dao
N90 M5
N100 T2 S1500 M4 * Thay dao 2
N105 G42
N110 G22 A5000 H1 * Tien tinh bien dang
N115 G40
N120 G0 X50 Z200
N130 M5
N140 T3 S300 M4 * Thay dao 3
N150 G0 X18 Z2
N160 G76 X15 Z-18.5 K1.5 D0.1 H7 F1.5 * Tien ren
Z
X

9
4
A
2
14

6
5
P
1
8
7
10 11
12
13
15
Phoi
Hnh 2.32
3
3
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N170 G0 X50 Z200
N180 M5
N190 T4 S500 M4 * Thay dao 4
N200 G0 X50 Z-46
N210 G0 X32
N220 G1 X-2 * Cat t chi tiet
N230 G0 X50
N240 G0 Z200
N250 M5
N260 M2
N5000 G0 X15 Z2 * V tr iem 3
N5010 G1 X15 Z0 * V tr iem 4
N5020 G1 X18 Z-1.5 * V tr iem 5
N5030 G1 X18 Z-16 * V tr iem 6
N5040 G1 X15 Z-17.5 * V tr iem 7
N5050 G1 X15 Z-21 * V tr iem 8
N5060 G1 X20 Z-21 * V tr iem 9
N5070 G2 X24 Z-23 * V tr iem 10
N5080 G1 X24 Z-35 * V tr iem 11
N5090 G3 X30 Z-38 * V tr iem 12
N5100 G1 X30 Z-50 * V tr iem 13
N5110 G1 X34 Z-50
N5120 M99 * Ket thuc chng trnh con

Bc 4: Kiem tra chng trnh.
Kiem tra cac thong so cong nghe nh chon t lenh ma dao, phoi, chuan thao chng.
oc va ve lai quy ao cat, quy ao chay khong cat xem hp ly va chnh xac cha. Cach
kiem tra nay bang phng phap thu cong.
Bc 5: Mo phong chng trnh.
Chay mo phong che o AUTO (toan bo chng trnh), neu chng trnh tot (hnh
dang chi tiet gia co ng ung) th xong. Neu cha tot, chay lai mo phong che o EINZEL
(tng khoi lenh), anh dau cac khoi lenh cha chnh xac, tr ve phan soan thao chnh sa.

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CHNG 3
LAP TRNH T ONG
(LAP TRNH BANG PHAN ME M CAD/CAM

I. Cong nghe lap trnh t ong
1. He thong CAD
2. He thong CAM
3. Trnh hau x ly POSTPROCESSOR
II. Gii thieu phan mem MiilCAM- Designer2
1. Khi ong phan mem
2. Thiet ke quy ao cat va tao chng trnh NC
3. ng du ng AutoCAD trong thiet ke quy ao cat
4. Cac bc thc hien phan mem MiilCam-Designer2

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CHNG 3
LAP TRNH T ONG
I. Cong nghe lap trnh t ong
Lap trnh t ong s dung ngo n ng lap trnh hoac phan mem CAD/CAM nh cong cu
tr giup e chuyen oi t ong d lieu hnh hoc va d lieu cong nghe thanh chng trnh NC.
Ngay nay, cac ngon ng x ly hnh hoc dan dan c thay the bi cac phan mem
CAD/CAM va viec s dung phan mem CAD/CAM e lap trnh NC a tr thanh phng phap
pho bien va hieu qua, ac biet cho cac trng h p gia cong mat cong phc tap.
Nguye n ly cua cong nghe CAD/CAM la s dung c s d lieu chung cho cac chc
nang thiet ke va lap ke hoach san xuat. Nh vay, theo cong nghe CAD/CAM, co the truy
xuat d lieu hnh hoc va cong nghe ve san pham, lu tr trong c s d lieu cho cac chc
nang quan ly va ieu hanh san xuat, bao gom chc nang lap trnh NC.
Trong cac ng du ng ie u khien so, cac chc nang CAD cho phep xac lap hnh hoc chi
tiet gia cong va cac chc nang CAM cho phep s dung d lieu hnh hoc san pham e tao
ng chay dao (hay quy ao cat va quy ao chay khong cat) va thc hien cac chc nang
quan ly va ieu khien qua trnh san xuat nh lap qui trnh che tao (process planning), lap ke
hoach san xuat (production planning)
Qui trnh lap trnh NC theo cong nghe CAD/CAM thong thng gom cac bc c ban
(hnh 3.1) sau:
- Thiet ke mau (modeling) -he tho ng CAD.
- La chon cong nghe gia cong NC (phng thc chay dao); Xac lap thong so NC cho
chc nang gia cong NC tng ng: bao gom cac thong so ve phoi (stock); ve dung cu cat
(tooling parameters) va cac thong so gia cong (machining parameters); Thc thi trnh s ly
(processor) oi vi chc nang gia cong gia cong NC e tao ng chay dao (toolpath
generation) he thong CAM
- Thc thi trnh hau x ly e bien dch d lieu ng chay dao thanh chng trnh NC
- POST-PROCESSOR

Hnh 3.1
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1. He thong CAD
Co rat nhieu phan mem tr giup cho thiet ke mau t c ban nh Autocad,
SolidEdges, SolidWorks, Autodesk Inventor e n chuyen du ng c kh nh Mechanical
Desktop, cac phan mem tch hp CAD/CAM nh: Pro/Engineer, Cimatron, Catia, EdgeCAM,
MasterCam, DelCam, AnphaCam, GibbsCam, VisiCam, TopCAM, SurfCAM, MillCAM,
LatherCAM
Viec chon la mot he thong tr giup thiet ke CAD tot nhat con tuy thuoc vao tng
lanh vc chuyen mon khac nhau, trong cung chuyen mo n cung phai can nhac nhieu van e
trong o co van e kinh te , o linh hoat (giao dien vi cac thiet b ngoai vi, kha nang chuye n
tai file, tnh tng thch vi cac chng trnh khac, kha nang m rong ).
Hien nay, cac phan mem chuyen dung nganh c kh la cac phan mem tch hp
CAD/CAM a thc hien thiet ke mau t n gian en phc tap vi s ho tr o hoa manh
me nh:
- Thc hien cac y tng thiet ke ngay tren khoi solid (PART FILES)
- Lap rap cac chi tiet thanh mot san pham hoan chnh (ASSEMBLY FILES)
- Mo phong lap rap va hoat ong cua cac c cau (mo phong o ng)
- Chuye n oi t chi tiet, c cau lap rap thanh ban ve 2D (DRAWING FILES)
- Tao khuon mau t ma u solid
- Tao he thong phan t d lieu
2. He thong CAM
a) Cong nghe gia co ng NC
e quan ly c d lieu chay dao cho muc ch bien dch t ong thanh chng trnh
NC, ngoai yeu cau ve tnh cong nghe, phng thc chay dao phai co quy luat toan hoc.
Thong thng cac chc nang gia cong NC c thiet ke theo ieu khien 2,5 truc; 3 truc; 4
truc; 5 truc (2.5x; 3x; 4x; 5x) va theo quy luat hnh hoc song song (parallel), xoan oc (spiral),
tham so (parametric). Tuy thuoc vao yeu cau gia cong (tho , ban tinh, tinh), tuy thuoc vao kha
nang cong nghe cua may gia cong (2.5x; 3x; 4x; 5x), cac phan mem CAD/CAM cho phe p la
chon phng thc chay dao thch hp cho tng bc gia cong.
e tm hieu sau ve cong nghe gia cong NC phai hoc them mot giao trnh chuyen sau
CAD/CAM, giao trnh nay ch e cap cac kien thc rat c ban. Di ay la mot so v du:
- Cong nghe gia cong mat phang (Facemiling), chon phng thc chay dao nao?(hnh
3.2)

Hnh 3.2
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e vao/ra dao (lead in/out) chuan b phay mat phang, chon cach nao tren hnh 3.3 va hnh
3.4:

- Cong nghe gia cong hoc (Pocket): hoc chu nhat (2,5x); hoc tron (2,5x); hoc nh hnh
co hoac khong co ao (ay bang 2,5x hnh 3.5 hoac nh hnh 3x hnh 3.6)

- Cong nghe gia cong ng bien (Profile): tao cac ng chay dao 2,5 truc theo
ng bie n xep lp (hnh 3.5); ng xoan (hnh 3.6), ng co bo cung (hnh 3.7)

Hnh 3.3

Hnh 3.4

Hoc 2,5x
Hnh 3.5
Hoc 3x
Hnh 3.6
ng bien

Hnh 3.6
Hnh 3.7
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- Cong nghe gia cong mat bien (Surface Profile): tao cac ng chay dao 3 truc theo
mat bien (hnh 3.8)

- Cong nghe gia cong lo, tap lo.
- Cong nghe gia co ng mat bien phc tap bang cach phoi hp gia ng bien va mat
bien (hnh 3.9) hoac cac mat 4x, 5x

b) Thong so NC bao gom cac thong so ve phoi, ve dung cu cat (tooling parameters) va
cac thong so gia cong (machining parameters). Noi dung nay cung a trnh bay ky chng
2, phan cong nghe lap trnh phay va tien NC.
- Thong so ve phoi bao gom kch thc, hnh dang phoi va lng d gia cong.

Radial strategy Concentric strategy Spiral strategy

Hnh 3.8

ng bien
Mat bien
Hnh 3.9
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- Thong so ve dung cu cat bao gom: So hieu dao (ch nh v tr cha dao tren bo phan
tr dao); Ket cau dao (kch thc li cat, thong so hnh hoc phan cat, ng knh, ban knh
mui dao ..) va vat lieu phan cat cua dao.
- Thong so gia cong bao gom: Toc o truc chnh (spindle speed); Toc o chay dao
(feedrate); Toc o cat ng (plunge Feed); Bc dnh dao ngang (stepover distance - hnh
3.10); Chie u sau dch dao: co hai trng hp, dch dao nhanh (rapid depth) di chuyen vi
toc o nhanh, khong cat got c va dch dao cat (down step) - di chuyen vi toc o cat.
Thng dung cho truc Z. V du: Chieu sau cat (depth); Lng d gia cong (stock allowance)

c) ng chay dao (quy ao cat va quy ao chay khong - toolpaths) c xac nh mot
cach t ong t d lieu hnh hoc chi tiet gia cong. Thong thng, cac phan mem lap trnh
CAD/CAM quan ly ng chay dao di dang tap tin toa o chay dao (Cutter Location
CL), bao gom cac iem (Point), oan thang (Line), cung tron (Arc) cau thanh nen ng
chay dao. Tho ng qua trnh tr giup, tap tin CL c cai at them cac thong so NC. Cuoi
cung, tap tin CL cung vi moi d lieu NC lien quan c bien dch bi trnh hau s ly (Post-
processing) thanh chng trnh NC tng ng theo dang yeu cau. Hnh 3.11 cho thay mot so
dang tollpaths gia cong tinh.

3. Trnh hau x ly POSTPROCESSOR
POST PROCESSOR la tap hp nhng ch dan e chuyen oi ng chay dao, thong
so cong nghe, ieu kien gia cong c tao ra thanh chng trnh ieu khien may CNC.
ay la not tien ch quan trong, muon lam mot NC POST PROCESSOR, ngi dung
phai hieu ro ve lap trnh NC noi chung, ve he ie u khie n ma may NC/CNC cua mnh ang
s dung. Moi hang san xuat he ieu khien may CNC, ngoai viec s dung cac ma lenh bat
buoc thong thng cua tieu chuan ISO, co n s dung cac ma lenh c ban theo y rieng cua ho .

Lng d tinh
hnh 3.10

Hnh
3.11
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Th du cung cong viec khai bao he thong o kch thc la mm, he FANUC va MTS cho n
lenh G21, he FAGOR va SINUMERIK cho n lenh G71.
Chng trnh POSTPROCESSOR co the do cac hang san xuat cai at san trong he
ieu khien may CNC nhng cung co the do khach hang t cai at.
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Man hnh kch thc phoi lieu
II. Gii thieu phan mem Millcam - designer 2
1. Khi ong pha n mem
MILL-CAM Designer 2 la 1 he thong thiet ke va lap trnh t ong 2D, cho phep ngi
s dung ve c trong moi trng o th. Sau o ban ve c chuye n oi t ong sang 1 tap
tin G-Code, tap tin nay chnh la chng trnh ie u khien gia cong tren may phay CNC.
Khi dung man hnh thiet ke , ng dan thanh cong cu c the hie n bang mau sac. o
day net ve khac nhau cho ta biet ng knh dao cat kha c nhau, o sau net ve cung the hien
mau sac khac nhau ai dien cho chieu sau cat khac nhau. Ban ve c tao ra bang cach lien
ket cac phan t vi nhau va ta co the bo sung vao ban ve cac phan t mi hoac di chuyen
hoac copy no i bat c luc nao. Mill-cam Designer 2 cho phep nh kch thc va v tr cua
cac phan t rat chnh xac. Ban ve co the c lu lai hoac chong len nhau vao bat c luc
nao, v vay nhng ban ve dang d co the c ve tiep sau hoac co the thay oi.
Mill-cam Designer 2 rat n gian, de s dung va lam tang kha nang s dung cua may
phay CNC len rat nhieu. Cho phep may phay CNC tr thanh mot cong cu a nang hn la
ch s dung phng phap
lap trnh can ban (dung
G-code). G-Code la
ngon ng cua may CNC,
bao gom nhng chuoi cac
k t va so ma a c
nh ngha bang cac Cau
lenh, Lenh, a ch
trong Phan III.
Phan mem Mill-Cam
Designer 2 ch hoat ong
khi khoa an toan cua
Denford c noi vi may
tnh. e s dung phan
mem nay can 1 a cng,
cai at Window 3.1 (hoac
hn) va toi thieu 1 MB bo
nh trong .
Khi ong Mill-
CAM bang cach nhap
phm trai chuot 2 lan vao
bieu tng Mill CAM
designer 2
Man hnh kch thc phoi lieu xuat hien cho phep cai at lai loai may phay Machine
Type, kch thc phoi (chieu dai - Length, chieu rong Width, chie u cao Height), loai
vat lieu gia cong Material Type va n v o lng Metric Units. Sau cung nhap nut trai
chuot vao nut OK e tiep tuc chuyen qua man hnh soan thao.
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2. Thiet ke quy a o cat va tao chng trnh NC
c thc hien tre n man hnh soan thao di ay. Man hnh nay bao gom: Vung o
hoa; Phm thanh phan; Thanh ngang danh muc; Thanh ngang d lieu.

a) Chc nang cac phm thanh pha n (Element Buttons)
Nhap mat trai chuot vao bie u tng Line sao cho xuat hie n vet
sang mau o. Nhap vao mat trai chuot vao Vung o hoa va gi
chuot tai iem bat au cua oan thang muon ve, keo chuot i, tha
chuot ra v tr cuoi cua oan thang can ve.
Nhap mat trai
chuot vao bieu tng
Arc sao cho xuat hie n
vet sang mau o. a
chuot vao Vung o hoa
va bam mat trai, hop thoai di hien ra cho
phep chon hng quay (chieu kim o ng ho:
Clockwise, ngc chieu kim ong ho: Anti
Clockwise) va goc quay (Angle in degrees)
Nhap chuot vao OK. a chuot vao Vung o hoa, nhap mat trai gi
chuot tai iem bat au cua cung tron, keo chuot e n v tr ket thuc
cua cung tron, roi tha ra.
e ve mot khung rong hnh vuong hay ch nhat. Nhap chuot
vao bieu tng Frame sao cho xuat hien vet sang mau o. a
Information Bar (Thanh ngang d lieu)
Menu Bar (Thanh ngang danh muc)
Element Buttons Drawing Area
(Phm thanh phan) (Vung o hoa)

Arc

Frame

Line
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chuot vao Vung o hoa, bam gi chuot tai iem bat au ve khung,
keo chuot e n v tr mong muo n. Sau o tha chuot ra.
Ve mot hop vuong hay ch nhat ac. Nhap chuot vao
bieu tng Box sao cho xuat hien vet sang mau o. a chuot vao
Vung o hoa, nhap va gi chuot tai iem bat au ve, keo chuot
en khi at kch thc mong muon. Sau o tha chuot ra.
Ve hnh tron ac. Nhap chuot vao bieu tng Circle sao cho
xuat hien vet sang mau o. a chuot vao Vung o hoa, nhap va gi
tai tam vong tron, keo en khi at c ban knh theo yeu cau. Sau o
tha chuot ra.
Ve hnh vanh khan. Nhap chuot vao bieu tng Ring sao cho
xuat hien vet sang mau o. a chuot vao Vung o hoa, nhap va gi
tai tam cua vong tron, ke o en khi at kch thc. Sau o tha chuot ra.

Ve ch. Nhap chuot vao bieu tng ab Text sao cho xuat hien
vet sang mau o. a chuot vao Vung o hoa, nhap mat trai
chuot. Mot hop thoai hien ra cho phep :

Chon phan t ve can thay oi. Nhap mat trai chuot vao Edit
sao cho xuat hien vet sang o. a chuot vao Vung o hoa, chon oi
tng bang cach bam mat trai chuot vao v tr au, gi va keo chuot
en v tr cuoi, tha chuot ra (oi tng b to en).
Di chuyen oi tng ve: Bam mat phai chuot vao oi tng va di
chuyen ti v tr mi, tha chuot ra, bam mat trai chuot.
Xoa oi t ng ve : Bam mat trai chuot vao Edit (thanh ngang danh
muc), tiep tuc bam chuot vao Cut, oi tng b xoa. Lam sach man
hnh bang cach bam Ctrl + F tren ban phm.

Box

Circle

Ring

ab
Text

- Chon ch ( Input text ),
- Chieu cao ch ( Character
Height )
- Chieu rong ch (Character
Width)
- % khoang cach gia cac ch
(Character Spacing %)
- Cac ac trng khac cua ch
nh pho ng ch (Fonts), v tr ch
(nam ngang hay doc, nga hay up)
Sau cung nhap mat trai chuot vao
OK.

Edit

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Nhap mat trai chuot vao Step, mot hop thoai xuat hien cho phe p
thay oi kch thc bc nhay bang cach nhap vao mui ten len xuong
e tang giam. Sau o nhap chuot vao OK.

Chon ng
knh dung cu cat. Nhap
mat trai chuot vao
Cutter.
Mot hop thoai hien
ra, nhap mat trai
chuot vao ng knh
mong muon. Cuoi cung
nhap OK.

Chon chieu sau cat. Nhap mat trai chuot vao Depth, hop thoai
chieu sau cat xuat hien. Chon chieu sau cat mong muon, roi nhap mat
trai chot vao
OK.

Moi chieu sau cat c the hien
mot mau khac nhau Mot thong tin
bao loi se xuat hien neu chieu sau
cat vt qua chieu day phoi hoac
vt qua chieu day cat toi a cho
phep oi vi ng knh dung cu a
chon.
Khi cat ng thang, co the cat
chieu sau khac nhau, bang cach nhap
hoac chon chieu sau iem au (Start
of line depth) va iem cuoi (End of
line depth) cua ng thang. Khi
ve tren Vung o hoa mau sac se thay
oi theo chieu sau cua ng thang (cang sau mau ca ng am)
b) Nhap trc tiep d lieu cua cac oi tng ve (line, Arc, Frame, Box, Circle, Ring)
Nhap mat trai chuot vao cac oi tng can ve (phm thanh phan trong man hnh soan
thao), sau o Enter. Mot hop thoai hie n ra, cho phep nhap toa o can ve, roi nhap chuot vao
OK. Tr lai man hnh soan thao, oi tng can ve se hien tren Vung o hoa.

Step

Cutter

Depth

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c) Chc nang cua Thanh Ngang Danh Muc (Menu Bar)
File menu
New : Don sach man hnh o hoa, san sang ve hnh mi.
Open : Cho phep m cac ban ve a lu trc o.
Save : e lu mot ban ve a co ten trc o.
Save As : Dung e lu ban ve lan au tien (cha co ten
trc o)
Save Project : Lu mot mau mac nh a c thiet ke
trc o. Bao gom ng knh dao cat, chieu sau cat, kch
thc phoi bang cach nhan Alt + S.
Import DXF File : Nhap file co uoi . DXF, sau o nhap
chuot vao OK.
Print : In ket qua thiet ke. Nhap chuot vao Print. Hop
thoai Print Options xuat hien, cho phe p chon net in, mau
sac in, t le in. Sau o nhap OK.
Change Font : Chon pho ng ch mong muo n khi thiet ke.
Sau o nhap OK.
Alter Material Size : Man hnh kch thc phoi lieu
xuat hien, cho phep cho n lai may gia cong, vat lieu gia cong va
kch thc phoi
Exit : Thoat ra khoi File menu.
Edit menu
Cut: Xoa oi tng c chon tren Vung o hoa.
Copy: Sao chep oi tng c chon tren Vung o hoa.
Paste: Dan cac oi tng a c Cut hoac Copy. Sau
khi bam mat trai chuot vao Paste, hop thoai Paste Scale
xuat hien, chon t le mong muon, roi nhap vao OK. oi
tng xuat hien nhap nhay tre n Vung o hoa, dung chuot
di chuyen en v tr mong muon, roi nhap mat trai chuot.
oi tng c dan se hien len ro net.
Paste Special: Thc hien tng t nh Past, nhng co
the thay oi chieu sau cat cung vi ng knh dao cat.
Mirror: Phan chieu lai oi tng a c chon. Sau khi
nhap chuot vao Mirror, hop thoai Mirror Object hien ra,
cho phe p chon kieu phan chie u ng Mirror Vertical
hay nam ngang Mirror Horizontal va co bo hay gi
oi tng ban au Leave original. Sau o nhap OK.

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Rotate: Quay oi tng a c chon. Sau khi nhap chuot vao Rotate, hop thoai Rotate
Object hien ra, cho phep cho n tr so goc quay va co bo hay gi oi tng ban au Leave
original. Sau o nhap OK. Hop thoai Paste Scale hien ra. Cho phep chon t le mong
muon, nhap OK. Hnh anh nhap nhay hien ra tre n Vung o hoa, di chuye n ti v tr mong
muon, nhap mat trai chuot.
Copy to: Nhap chuot vao Copy to, hop thoai File Save As xuat hien cho phep ghi chep vao
file nao mong muo n. Sau o nhap OK.
Paste from: Nhap chuot vao Paste from, hop thoai File Open xuat hien cho phep dan vao
file nao mong muo n. Sau o nhap OK.
Select All: Chon tat ca oi tng co tren Vung o hoa (oi t ng b to en)
Refresh Screen : Lam sach lai Vung o hoa.
Grid menu
Khi nhap chuot vao Grid, mot danh muc keo
xuong, cho phep chon la khoang cach li tren Vung
o hoa va mau sac cua no. Neu khong muon du ng li
tren Vung o hoa th nhap chuot vao OFF. Neu tr so
mong muo n khong co tren Danh muc keo xuong th
nhap chuot vao Custom, hop thoai Custom Grid Size
hien ra, nhap tr so va nhap OK.

Create G-code menu
e tao chng
trnh NC ieu khie n
gia cong tren may
phay CNC, phai thc
hien cac bc tao G
code. Nhap chuot vao Create G-code, mot Danh
muc keo xuong e tao tap tin, nhap chuot vao Make
file hop thoai File Save As xuat hien cho phep at
ten tap tin, tap tin nay phai co uoi . FNC. Sau o
nhap chuot vao OK. Hop thoai G-code Generator
xuat hien, nhap mat trai chuot vao Create G-code.

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Hop thoai G-code timing xuat
hien thong bao thi gian gia
cong chi tiet tren may phay
CNC. Nhap chuot vao OK. Hop
thoai Post Processor xuat hien
vi mot ng mau xanh chay
qua. Nhap chuot vao OK.
Muon cai at thong so
cong nghe, nhap chuot vao Set
G-code Parameters hop
thoai Set tooling xuat hien cho
phep thay oi cac thong so
cong nghe . Sau khi thay oi
xong, nhap chuot vao OK.

3. ng dung AutoCAD trong thiet ke quy ao cat
Quy ao cat trong phan MILL CAM DISIGNER2 la tap hp cac iem tam va mat au
dao khi cat, co ngha tren mat phang cat tam dao cach ng mo phong hnh hoc cua chi tiet
ung bang ban knh dao cat khi gia cong (cung co ngha phan mem khong co chc nang hie u
chnh ban knh dao cat).
a) Trnh t thiet ke quy ao cat trong AutoCad
Co the s dung t Cad-R12 en Cad 2004
- Bc 1 : Mo phong hnh hoc cua chi tiet bang ACAD .
- Bc 2 : Xac nh mat cat, phan cat cua chi tiet can gia cong.
- Bc 3 : Xac nh ng knh dao va ve quy ao cat .
- Bc 4 : Xoa nhng ng net mo pho ng hnh hoc cua chi tiet .
V du: gia cong chi tiet theo ban ve sau:
- Bc 1: Mo phong hnh hoc cua chi tiet bang ACAD (hnh 1) .
-

Hnh 1
Phan cat
Hnh 2
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- Bc 2: Xac nh mat cat, phan cat cua chi tiet can gia cong (hnh 2) .
- Bc 3: Xac nh ng knh dao va ve quy ao cat (lay ng hnh hoc chi tiet tr
hoac cong ban knh dao tuy v tr phan cat) (hnh 3).

- Bc 4: Xoa nhng ng net mo pho ng hnh hoc cua chi tiet (hnh 4)
4. Cac bc thc hien Mill-CAM Designer 2
a) Xac nh cac thong so cong nghe cho tng bc cong nghe
- Khi o ng Mill-CAM Designer 2.
- Cai at may phay CNC, vat lieu gia cong, n v o lng, kch thc phoi lieu.
- Xac nh li (Grid) tren Vung o hoa.
- Xac nh bc nhay (Step) tren Vung o hoa.
- Chon dao cat (Cutter).
- Chon chieu sau cat (Depth).
b) Thiet ke quy ao cat hoac nhap file * . DXF
- Vao Man hnh soan thao, dung cac phm thanh phan va Thanh ngang danh muc soan
thao quy ao cat theo yeu cau ban ve chi tiet.
- Neu thiet ke quy ao cat trong AutoCAD, th tao file * . DXF . Sau o vao phan
mem Mill-CAM Designer 2, thc hien bc a, roi a file ra Man hnh soan thao:
Thanh ngang danh muc/ File/ Import DXF file
Sau khi thc hien e n bc nay cho tat ca cac bc cong nghe mi thc hien bc sau
cung (tao chng trnh NC).
c) Tao chng trnh NC e ieu khie n gia cong tren may phay CNC
- Tao tap tin * . FNC .
- Bien dch t ong sang G-code:
Thanh ngang danh muc/ Create G-code/Make file/Create G-code.

Hnh 3
Hnh 4
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CHNG 4
VAN HANH MAY CNC

I. Van hanh may phay CNC DENFORD-NOVAMILL
1. Gii thieu chung ve may phay CNC Novamill
2. Van hanh may
3. Lap trnh NC vi he ieu khien FANUC-OM
II. Van hanh may tien CNC MAGNUM
1. Gii thieu chung ve may tien Magnum
2. Van hanh may
3. Lap trnh NC vi he ieu khie n FAGOR

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CHNG 4
VAN HANH MAY CNC
I. Van hanh may phay CNC DENFORD - NOVAMILL
1. Gii thieu chung ve may phay CNC Novamill
a) Mo hnh may phay CNC Novamill vi chuan va he truc toa o may

b) Ban phm ieu khien
e ieu khien may, s dung ban phm Denford Desktop Tutor nh sau:

X
Y
Z
M
R
225mm
150mm
115
mm
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c) Thong so ky thuat cua may
- Co o cha c 6 dao ma t so 1 en 6. Thay dao t ong bang kh nen va v tr
thay dao tai chuan R (nen phai m he thong cung cap kh nen vi ap suat khoang
6,8-7,2 bar)
- He thong kep dao bang kh ne n.
- Khong gian lam viec cua may: 225 x 150 x 115
- Lng dch chuyen dao theo phng X la 225mm.
- Lng dch chuyen dao theo phng Y la 150mm.
- Lng dch chuyen dao theo phng Z la 115mm.
- Lng chay dao cho phep: F
min
= 10 mm/phut; F
max
= 1500 mm/phut; c ieu
chnh vo cap.
- Toc o vong truc chnh cho phe p: : S
min
= 100 vong/phut; S
max
= 3000 vong/phut;
c ieu chnh vo cap.
- ong c truc chnh: 0,37 KW
- ong c bc cac truc chay dao: 200 bc/vong
2. Van hanh may
May phay CNC Novamill c ie u khie n bi he ie u khien Fanuc MO. He ieu khien
Fanuc MO chay tren he ieu hanh MS-Dos . e van hanh may, thc hien cac bc nh sau:
a) Khi ong may tnh: tr ve MS-Dos, khi ong phan mem theo ng dan:
C:\Novamill\fanucmd
b) Khi ong may phay CNC Novamill: M cong tat khi ong tre n ho p ieu khien v
tr I.
c) Xac nh chuan may M:
Khi giao die n cua phan mem xuat hien, cho may ve chuan bang cach nhan hai phm
HOME-TRVRS ong thi.
e thao tac bang tay nhan phm JOG, khi o co the di chuyen ban may en bat ky v tr
nao trong khong gian lam viec cua may bang cac phm X, +X, -Y, +Y, -Z, +Z (lien tuc hoac
tng bc vi bon mc t 0.005 5mm) , co the thay dao bang khai bao T va v tr dao can
thay, co the cho truc chnh quay bang khai bao S va so vong quay cua truc chnh, khai bao
toc o chay dao bang khai bao F va gia tr toc o.
d) Xac nh chuan chuan chi tiet W: bang phng phap ra cho hai phng X va Y bang
dung cu ra. Con phng Z dung dao ra tiep xuc vi be mat chi tiet cho moi dao.
e) Cai at chuan chi tiet W:
Menu ofset\Edit ofset\nhap gia tr X \EOB\Reset.
Menu ofset\Edit ofset\nhap gia tr Y \EOB\Reset.
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Menu ofset\Edit ofset\nhap gia tr Z cho moi loai dao \EOB\Reset
f) a chng trnh ra man hnh Soan thao

Sau o a vet sang ti chon Load hoac nhan F3, man hnh Filename for Load xuat
hien. Neu vet sang co dau * phai nhap ten tap tin. Muon liet ke danh muc cac tap tin, phai
lam mat dau * bang cach nhan phm [ALTER]. Sau o nhan [EOB], danh sach CNC files
hien ra vi ten * . FNC

Muon tr ra man hnh trc,
nhan [RESET].
Phoi h p cac phm [F10],
[CURSOR], [RESET] va [EOB].
Nhan phm [F10], man hnh Main
Menu xuat hien, a vet sang ti chon
CNC Files. Sau khi chon, nhan
[EOB]. Man hnh CNC files hien ra.
Chon Change dir e
thay oi o a hien hanh.
Chon tap tin muon
gia cong.
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Luc nay chng trnh c hien ra tre n man hnh Soan thao va Mo phong. Neu tren
man hnh Soan thao va Mo phong a co san chng trnh, th se hien ra cau hoi sau:

i) Mo pho ng chng trnh

i) Mo phong chng trnh

Ban co muon tron vao khong ?
Neu khong muon, nhan phm [N].
Neu muo n, nhan phm [Y].
Chon ma n hnh mo pho ng:
Nhan phm [F10] hoac phm [EDIT],
man hnh Main Menu hien ra. Co the
chon mot trong hai che o mo pho ng:
- Edit and Simulate : Dung soan thao
cung vi mo phong.
- Simulate only : Dung ch e mo
phong.
Dung cac phm [CURSOR] a vet sang
ti che o mong muon, nhan phm
[EOB].
Che o va soan thao
va mo phong
Che o ch co mo phong
Phoi hp cac phm [F10],
[CURSOR], [EOB], [EDIT]

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79
Mo pho ng chng trnh :

Nhan phm [F9] man hnh
Simulation hien ra.
1) Check Syntax : Kiem tra loi
chnh ta cua chng trnh
(khong kiem tra c quy ao
cat va cac thong so cong
nghe).
a vet sang ti Check
Syntax bang cach s dung cac
phm [CURSOR], roi nhan
[EOB]. Neu hie n ra dong ch
Your CNC program is OK th
coi nh chng trnh a c
kiem tra tot. Nhan [RESET] e
tr lai man hnh Simulation.
2) Run Program: Chay mo
phong chng trnh.
a vet sang ti Run program bang
cach s dung cac phm [CURSOR], roi
nhan [EOB].
Phoi hp cac phm [F9], [CURSOR],
[EOB], [JOC], [PAGE], [CYCLE START],
[CYCLE STOP], [RESET], [8N], [2F],
[6Z], [4X], [9G], [1H], [SINGLE BLOCK],

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80
3. Lap trnh NC vi he ieu khie n FANUC OM
a) Thong so co ng nghe
Dao phay
vi ng knh D (mm) va
so rang z
Toc o
cat
V (m/f)
Lng chay
dao rang
S
z

(mm/rang)
Toc o
vong truc
chnh
n (vog/f)
Lng
chay dao
phut S
f

(mm/f)
Lng
chay dao
vong S
v

(mm/vog)
en 10 (2 rang) 90 0,01 2800 56
en 16 (4 rang) 90 0,03 1800 210
en 20 (4 rang) 90 0.03 1400 160
Di 63 (5 rang) 400 0,02 2000 200

Trong o:

S
f
= n . z . S
z
; S
v
= S
z
. z

b) G codes / Fanuc OM

Nhom Lenh Chc nang
0
G04 Dng lai

G09 Dng chnh xac
G28 Tr ve REFERENCE POINT
G52 He toa o a phng
G53 He toa o may
G92 Cai at he toa o
1
G00 nh v tr (vi toc o nhanh toc o chay khong)
G02 Noi suy ng tron cung chie u kim ong ho
G03 Noi suy ng tron ngc chieu kim o ng ho
2
G17 Mat phang XOY
G18 Mat phang ZOX
D
V
n
1000
Lenh S...
Gia tr n
G94
Lenh F...
Gia tr S
f

G95
Lenh F...
Gia tr S
v

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81
G19 Mat phang YOZ
3
G90 Toa o tuyet oi
G91 Toa o tng oi
5
G94 n v chay dao mm/phut
G95 n v chay dao vog/phut
6
G20 n v o lng la INCHES
G21 n v o lng la MILLIMETERS
7
G40 Ket thuc hieu chnh ban knh dao
8
G43 Hieu chnh chieu dai dao dng

G44 Hieu chnh chieu dai dao am

G49 Ket thuc hieu chnh chieu dai dao
9
G80 Ket thuc chu trnh khoan lo
G81 Chu trnh khoan lo
G83 Chu trnh khoan gian oan
G84 Chu trnh taro
G85 Chu trnh doa lo
10
G98 Rut tr ve mat phang xuat phat
G99 Rut tr ve mat phang an toan
13
G97 n v toc o vong (vog/phut)
14
G54 Zero offset 1
G55 Zero offset 2
G56 Zero offset 3
G57 Zero offset 4
G58 Zero offset 5
G59 Zero offset 6
17
G15 Ket thuc toa o cc
G16 Bat au toa o cc

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82
c) M Codes / Fanuc OM

Lenh Chc nang
M00 Dng chng trnh
M01 Dng chng trnh
M03 Truc chnh quay theo chie u kim ong ho
M04 Truc chnh quay theo chie u ngc kim ong ho
M05 Dng truc chnh
M08 M ti trn
M09 Tat ti trn
M24 M kep dao (thao tac bang tay)
M25 ong kep dao (thao tac bang tay)
M98 Goi chng trnh con

Di ay dien giai mot so t lenh khac biet cua he ieu khien Fanuc OM:
Chu trnh taro :

Cau truc cau lenh:

G98 (G99) G84 X...Y...Z...P...F...
G98 (G99) Rut dao ve v tr xuat phat
hoac v tr an toan.
X... Y... V tr cua lo theo X , Y
Z... Chieu sau lo theo toa o
tuyet oi.
P... Thi gian dng ay lo
F... Bc cua ren (mm/vog).
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83
Chu trnh doa lo :

Goi va ket thuc mot chng trnh con: M98 / M99
V du : cau truc mot chng trnh chnh nh sau:
%0001 G21; M au chng trnh
[BILLET X100 Y70 Z20; Kch thc phoi
[TOOLDEF T1 D10 ; Dao so 1 va ng knh
[EDGEMOVE X20 Y20 Z0; Lech chuan (P W)
N10 .............................................;
N20 ..............................................; Th t cau lenh cung
N30 ..............................................; cac cau lenh.
... ..............................................;
N200 M30; Ket thuc chng trnh

Trong chng trnh chnh o i khi co mot so cong viec c lap i lap lai nhie u
lan, neu nhng co ng viec nay c viet i viet lai trong chng trnh chnh th chng
trnh se rat dai. V vay e n gian chng trnh chnh, nhng cong viec c lap la i
o c viet trong chng trnh con, vi cau truc nh sau:
Cau truc cau lenh:
G98 (G99) G85 X...Y...Z...P...F...

G98 (G99) Rut dao ve v tr xuat phat
hoac v tr an toan.
X... Y... V tr cua lo theo X , Y
Z... Chieu sau lo theo toa o
tuyet oi.
P... Thi gian dng ay lo
F... Toc o chay dao.

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84
o1000 ; M au chng trnh con
N70 ............ ;
N80 ............. ; Cac cau lenh cua
N90 ............. ; chng trnh con
... ............. ;
N150 M99 ; Ket thuc chng trnh con

Trong chng trnh chnh, khi can goi mot chng trnh con dung lenh M98 vi cau truc cau
lenh nh sau: M98 P.. 1000 ;
Ten chng trnh con c goi
So lan lap lai cua chngtrnh con
Trong mot chng trnh con co the long mot chng trnh con khac. V du:

%0001;

M98 P2 1000;
M30;
O1000;

M98 P3 2000;
M99;
O2000;

M98 P4 3000;
M99;

Chon mat phang cat:

Chon phng thc lap trnh:
Chu y: Chng trnh chnh va chng trnh con c lu trong bo nh may tnh hai
tap tin khac nhau nhng phai cung mot th muc.

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85
II. Van hanh may tien CNC Magnum
1. Gii thieu may tien CNC Magnum
May tien Magnum c ieu khien bi he ieu khien Fagor 8025 TSI. Tap lenh cua
no tng thch vi phan mem tien Unisoft. Co the thay dao, ong m ca t ong, kep phoi
bang kh nen va co he thong an toan khi s dung.
a) He truc to a o tren may tien Magnum

b) Gii thieu bo ieu khien vi he ieu khien Fagor

c) Thong so ky thuat cua may
- Cong suat ong c truc chnh: 1500 W
- Toc o quay truc chnh: 100vong/phut 3000vong/phut
Vung ie u
khien
Cac phm
chc nang
Vung nhap
d lieu

Vung o hoa

Z
X
M
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86
- Lng dch chuyen dao theo phng X: 75mm
- Lng dch chuyen dao theo phng Z: 205mm
- Lng chay dao toi a cho phep cua X, Z: 3000mm/phut
- Cong suat ong c truc Z, X: 140 W
- Cong suat ong c bm ti nguoi:80 W
- Dung tch buong nc ti trn: 16 lt; Ti trn t o ng.
- Ap suat voi phun ti trn: 0.3 bar
- Ap suat kh nen: 8 bar
- O cha dao co 08 v tr (co the cha c 08 dao); Thay dao t ong.
2. Van hanh may tien CNC Magnum vi bo ieu khien 8025 TSI
- Cap nguo n cho may;
- M van he thong kh nen;
- Gat cau dao tren may CNC sang v tr I;
Khi o tren man hnh ieu khien xuat hien:

Nhan phm OP MODE e vao menu chnh cua bo ieu khien:

Tuy theo chc nang hoat ong cua may, chon so tng ng.
Thao tac ba ng tay tren may:
e thao tac bang tay, nhan phm so 5 (JOG/HOME SEARCH). Vi la chon nay, ta
co the thao tac tren tat ca cac chc nang cua may tien CNC Magnum. V du:
8025 TIS
** GENERAL TEST **

PASSED
** OPERATION MODE **
0 AUTOMATIC
1 SINGLE BLOCK
2 PLAY BACK
3 TEACH IN
4 DRY RUN
5 JOG\HOME SEACH
6 EDITING
7 PERIFERALS
8 TOOL OFFSETS/G53-G59
9 SPECIAL MODES
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87
- Muon cho truc chnh quay vi toc o 500vong\phut theo chieu kim ong ho: nhap
S500 M03, sau o nhan CYCLE STAR (ca ang v tr ong) truc chnh se chay ung vi
toc o, chieu a khai bao. Co the tang hoac giam toc o bang cach nhan phm + hoac tren
bo ieu khie n.
- Muon di chuyen ban xe dao: nhan phm X+, X-, Z+, Z-, ban may se di chuyen. Co
the thay oi toc o di chuyen cua cac ban may bang cach thay oi v tr nut van FEED tre n
bo ieu khien. C o the cho ban may chay che o Step (tng bc) bang cach van nut
FEED sang v tr JOG. Bc nho nhat may co the thc hien c la 1 m va ln nhat la
10mm.
- Muon thay dao T02 len v tr gia cong: nhap vao T02.00 sau o nhan phm CYCLE
START, khi o o dao se a dao so T02.00 vao v tr gia cong.
- Muon xac nh chuan may: nhan phm X, nhan phm F1 (HOME), nhan phm
CYCLE START, truc X se di chuyen ve chuan. Vi truc Z lam tng t.
- Ngoai ra co the m, ong ca bang lenh M11, M10. M, tat he thong ti nguoi
bang lenh M8, M9.
Soan thao mot chng trnh tre n bo ieu khien 8025 TIS:
- e tr ve Menu chnh, nhan phm OP MODE, muo n soan thao mot chng trnh mi
nhan phm 6 (EDITNG), nhan phm F2 [PR.SEL], at ten chng trnh vi 5 ky t sau o
nhan phm ENTER va nhap chng trnh bang cac phm so va ch co tren bo ie u khien.
- Muon xoa mot cau lenh: di chuye n vet sang en cau lenh o (bang cac phm mui
ten), nhan phm DELETE.
- Muon chnh sa mot cau len: di chuyen vet sang en cau le nh o (bang cac phm mui
ten), nhan phm RECALL, cau lenh o se xuat hien vu ng soan thao. Khi o co the sa bat
ky thong so nao.
Chu y: Khi chnh sa hoac viet xong mot cau lenh phai nhan phm ENTER e bo
ieu khien cap nhat cau lenh mi va chng trnh.
Mo pho ng chng trnh:
Nhan phm OP MODE, nhan phm 4 [DRY RUN] khi o man hnh xuat hien

Nhan phm 3 [THEORETICAL PATH: co c hnh anh mo phong dang khung day
tren man hnh bo ieu khien (nen chon che o mo phong nay v s an toan cho may).Khi o
nhap ten chng trnh can mo phong, so th t cua cau lenh cuoi cung cua chng trnh, cho n
khong gian mo phong theo X va Z. Sau o nhan phm CYCLE START. Quan sat man hnh
0 G FUNCTION
1 G, S, T, M FUNCTION
2 GRAPID MOVE
3 THEORETICAL PATH
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88
thay c qua trnh mo phong cua chng trnh. Neu chng trnh b loi may se ngng qua
trnh mo phong. Sa lai chng trnh va cho mo phong lai.
Cac bc thc hien gia cong tren may tien CNC Magnum:
- Khi o ng may tien CNC Magnum;
- Xac nh chuan may M;
- Ga phoi va dao len may;
- Xac nh chuan chi tiet W (trung chuan thao chng P)
- Goi chng trnh gia cong (neu a co trong bo nh) hoac soan thao chng trnh;
- Mo phong e kiem tra, chnh sa chng trnh;
- Tien hanh gia cong (bang cach nhan phm 0 -[AUTOMATIC], nhan phm CYCLE
STSRT);
- Ket thuc, thoat khoi he ieu khie n, tat may.
3. Lap trnh NC vi he ieu khie n FAGOR
a) G codes / Fagor
G00 Dch chuyen nhanh en v tr xac nh (kho ng cat got)
G02 Noi suy vong theo chieu kim o ng ho
G03 Noi suy vong theo chieu ngc chieu kim o ng ho
G08 Noi suy dang tiep tuyen ng thang va ng tron
G09 Noi suy ng cong qua ba iem
G33 Tien ren
G36 Bo gia hai ng tron giao nhau
G39 Vat canh
G40 Ket thuc hien chnh ban knh dao
G50 Nhap cac thong so cua dao khi s dung lenh hieu chnh
G53-G59 Hieu chnh gia tr offset dao
G64 Chu trnh gia cong nhieu oan cung tron
G68 Chu trnh gia cong tho song song truc Z
G69 Chu trnh gia cong tho song song truc X
G70 He inches
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89
G71 He met
G74 a ban ma y ve chuan
G81 Chu trnh tien tho // truc Z vi ng gii han thang
G82 Chu trnh tien tho // truc X vi ng gii han thang
G84 Chu trnh tien tho // truc Z vi ng gii han cong
G85 Chu trnh tien tho // truc X vi ng gii han cong
G86 Chu trnh tien ren tru
G87 Chu trnh tien ren mat
G88 Chu trnh tien ranh // truc X
G89 Chu trnh tien ranh // truc Z
G90 Toa o tuyet oi
G91 Toa o tng oi
G94 Gia tr F co n v mm/phut(inches/phut)
G95 Gia tr F co n v mm/vong(inches/vong)
G96 Gii han toc o truc chnh
G97 Toc o truc chnh theo vong/phut

b) M - codes / Fagor
M00 Dng chng trnh
M01 Dng chng trnh co ieu kien
M03 Truc chnh quay cung chieu kim ong ho
M04 Truc chnh quay ngc chieu kim ong ho
M05 Dng truc chnh
M08 M ti nguoi
M09 Tat tt nguoi
M10 M cua
M11 ong cua
M30 Ket thuc chng trnh va tr lai a u chng trnh

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90
c) Dien giai mot so chu trnh cat khac biet cua he ieu khien Fagor
- Chu trnh tien tho song song truc Z theo mot quy ao cho trc G68:

Y ngha cua cac tham so :
P0 tao o X iem bat au bien dang chi tiet (X
A
);
P1 - tao o Z iem bat au bie n dang chi tiet (Z
A
);
P5 chieu sau lp cat tho;
P7 chieu sau lp cat tinh theo X;
P8 chieu sau lp cat tinh theo Z;
P9 toc o F cat tinh;
P13 so th t cau lenh bat au cat bien dang chi tiet;
P14 so th t cau lenh cat cuoi cung bien dang chi tiet;
- Chu trnh tien tho song song truc X theo mot quy ao cho trc G69
Y ngha cua cac tham so cung tng t nh chu trnh G68
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- Chu trnh tien ren tru - G86

Y ngha cua cac tham so:
P0 tao o X cua iem A;
P1 - tao o Z cua iem A;
P2 tao o X cua iem B;
P3 tao o Z cua iem B;
P4 chieu cao ren;
P5 chieu sau lp cat tho;
- Chu trnh cat ranh // truc X G88:
P6 khoang lui dao sau moi lan cat;
P7 chieu sau lp cat tinh;
P10 bc ren;
P11 khoang vuot chan ren;
P12 goc ren.

Y ngha cua cac tham so nh sau:
P0 toa o X cua iem A;
P1 - toa o Z cua iem A;
P2 toa o X cua iem B;
P3 toa o Z cua iem B;
P5 be rong dao cat ranh;
P6 khoang lui dao sau moi lan cat;
P15 thi gian d ng sau moi lan cat.
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PHU LUC 1

BAI TAP
OC HIEU CHNG TRNH NC

I. Yeu cau
- oc, hieu chng trnh NC t cac phan mem phay va tien mo phong.
- Ve hnh dang chi tiet gia cong tren cac mat phang X
p
O
p
Y
p
va X
p
O
p
Z
p
hoac Y
p
O
p
Z
p

(chuan va he toa o thao chng) tren giay ke milimet.
- Dng hnh chi tiet gia cong (3D) va tao ban ve chi tiet tren may tnh.
II. Bai tap
1. Bai tap phay NC (phan mem phay mo phong) Bai tap phay 1 8
2. Bai tap tien NC (pha n mem tien mo phong) - Bai tap tien 1 5

Bai tap phay 1
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93
Ve hnh chi tiet gia cong (co he truc toa o thao chng) t chng trnh phay mo
phong di ay:
Cho biet: * Phoi: 200 x 200 x 20
* Dao phay ngon: T1 (N2)
* Lech chuan: (P-M)
x
= 100 ; (P-M)
y
= 100 ; (P-M)
z
= 20

N10 G17
N20 G90
N30 T1 S2200 M3
N40 G0 X0. Y0.
N50 G0 Z2.
N60 G1 Z-5. F50.
N70 G2 X80. Y0. R40.
N80 G3 X40. Y0. R20.
N90 G1 X0. Y0.
N100 G2 X0. Y-80. R40.
N110 G3 Y-40. R20.
N120 G1 X0. Y0.
N130 G2 X-80. Y0. I-40. J0.
N140 G3 X-40. Y0. I20. J0.
N150 G1 X0. Y0.
N160 G2 X0. Y80. I0. J40.
N170 G3 X0. Y40. I0. J-20.
N180 G1 X0. Y0.
N190 G0 Z200.
N200 G0 X-150. Y150.
N210 M5
N220 M2

Bai tap phay 2
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94
phong di ay:
* Dao phay ngon: T1 (N4)
* Lech chuan: (P-M)
x
= 0 ; (P-M)
y
= 0 ; (P-M)
z
= 20

N10 G17
N20 G90
N30 T1 S1500 M3
N40 G0 X-12. Y0.
N50 G0 Z-5.
N60 G42
N70 G1 X70. Y10. F100.
N80 G1 Y20.
N90 G2 X90. R10.
N100 G1 Y10.
N110 G1 X116.
N120 G3 X126. Y20. R10.
N130 G1 Y38.
N140 G3 X120. Y44. R6.
N150 G1 X100.
N160 G2 X100. Y70. R13.
N170 G3 X100. Y110. R20.
N180 G1 X20.
N190 G3 X20. Y10. R112.
N200 G1 X30.
N210 G40
N220 G0 Z200.
N230 G0 X-50. Y150.
N240 M5
N250 M2
Bai tap phay 3
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95
phong di ay:
Cho biet: * PHOI: LX=100; LY = 80; LZ = 20
* LECH CHUA N: (M-P)
X
= 0 ; (M-P)
Y
= 0 ; (M-P)
Z
= 20
* DAO: T 1 (N2) T 2 (N4)

N10 G90
N20 G17
N30 T1 S2000 M3
N40 G0 X-7. Y0.
N50 G0 Z-5.
N60 G42
N70 G1 X30. Y5. F60.
N80 G2 X70. Y5. I20. J0.
N90 G1 X85. Y5.
N100 G3 X95. Y15. I0. J10.
N110 G1 X95. Y25.
N120 G2 X95. Y55. I0. J15.
N130 G1 X95. Y65.
N140 G3 X85. Y75. I-10. J0.
N150 G1 X65. Y75.
N160 G2 X35. Y75. I-15. J0.
N170 G1 X15. Y75.
N180 G3 X5. Y65. I0. J-10.
N190 G1 X5. Y50.
N200 G2 X5. Y30. I0. J-10.
N210 G1 X5. Y15.
N220 G3 X15. Y5. I10. J0.
N230 G1 X20. Y5.
N240 G40
N250 G0 Z200.
N260 G0 X-50. Y150.
N270 T2 S1000 M3
N280 G0 X50. Y92.
N290 G0 Z-5.
N300 G1 X50. Y72. F100.
N310 G0 Z2.
N320 G0 X112. Y40.
N330 G0 Z-5.
N340 G1 X92. Y40. F100.
N350 G0 Z2.
N360 G0 X45. Y-12.
N370 G0 Z-5.
N380 G1 Y7. F100.
N390 G1 X55. Y7. F100.
N400 G1 Y-15.
N410 G0 Z200.
N420 G0 X-50. Y150.
N430 M5
N440 M2

Bai tap phay 4
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96
phong di ay:
* Dao phay ngon: T1 (N3) ; T2 (N2)
* Lech chuan: (P-M)
x
= 0 ; (P-M)
y
= 0 ; (P-M)
z
= 20

N10 G90
N20 G17
N30 G94
N40 T1 S1800 M3
N50 G0 X-8. Y-2.
N60 G0 Z-5.
N70 G42
N80 G1 X58. Y4. F70.
N90 G3 X58. Y40. R18.
N100 G1 X52. Y40.
N110 G2 X44. Y48. R8.
N120 G1 X44. Y50.
N130 G3 X38. Y54. R6.
N140 G1 X4. Y54.
N150 G1 X4. Y8.
N160 G1 X9. Y4.
N180 G40
N190 G0 Z5.

N200 G0 X108. Y47.
N210 G0 Z-5.
N220 G1 X56. F70.
N230 G1 Y55.
N240 G1 X110.
N250 G0 Z200.
N260 M5
N270 T2 S2000 M3
N280 G0 X58. Y22.
N290 G0 Z2.
N300 G75 Q4 Z-8. R12. D8. F50.
N310 G0 X38. Y14.
N320 G72 Q4 X10. Y46. Z-10. D10. F50
N330 G0 Z200.
N340 G0 X-50. Y150.
N350 M5
N360 M2

Bai tap phay 5
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97

phong di ay:
Cho biet: * PHOI : LX=150; LY = 150; LZ = 20
X
= 75 ; (M-P)
Y
= 75 ; (M-P)
Z
= 20
* DAO PHAY NGON: T 1 (N4);

N10 G17
N20 G90
N30 G94
N40 T1 S1000 M3
N50 G0 X0. Y0.
N60 G0 Z2.
N70 G75 Q4 Z-5. R65. D18. F50.
N80 G0 X0. Y87.
N90 G0 Z-8.
N100 G1 X0. Y85. F100.
N110 G41
N120 G3 X38. Y66. R80.
N130 G2 X66. Y38. R28.
N140 G3 X75. Y0. R80.
N150 G3 X66. Y-38. R80.
N160 G2 X38. Y-66. R28.
N170 G3 X0. Y-75. R80.
N180 G3 X-38. Y-66. R80.
N190 G2 X-66. Y-38. R28.
N200 G3 X-75. Y0. R80.
N210 G3 X-66. Y38. R80.
N220 G2 X-38. Y66. R28.
N230 G3 X0. Y75. R80.
N240 G3 X38. Y66. R80.
N250 G40
N260 G0 Z2.
N270 G0 X75. Y75.
N280 G1 Z-8. F80.
N290 G0 Z2.
N300 G0 X75. Y-75.
N310 G1 Z-8. F80.
N320 G0 Z2.
N330 G0 X-75. Y-75.
N340 G1 Z-8. F80.
N350 G0 X-75. Y75.
N360 G1 Z-8. F80.
N370 G1 X-90. Y90.
N380 G0 Z200.
N390 M5
N400 M2
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98
Bai tap phay 6

phong di ay:
* DAO PHAY NGON: T 1 (N3); T 2 (N2)
X
= 0 ; (M-P)
Y
= 0 ; (M-P)
Z
= 30

N10 G90
N20 G94
N30 T1 S1800 M3
N40 G0 X-8. Y-1.
N50 G0 Z-5.
N60 G42
N70 G1 X30. Y5. F60.
N80 G2 X70. Y5. R35.
N90 G1 X85. Y5.
N100 G3 X95. Y15. R10.
N110 G1 X95. Y20.
N120 G2 X95. Y50. R25.
N130 G1 X95. Y65.
N140 G3 X85. Y75. R10.
N150 G1 X65. Y75.
N160 G2 X35. Y75. R30.
N170 G1 X15. Y75.
N180 G3 X5. Y65. R10.
N190 G1 X5. Y50.
N200 G2 X5. Y30. R12.
N210 G1 X5. Y15.
N220 G3 X15. Y5. R10.
N230 G40
N240 G0 Z2.
N250 G0 X20. Y20.
N260 G72 Q4 X80. Y60. Z-10. D10. F60.
N270 G0 X50. Y40.
N275 G0 Z-8.
N280 G75 Q4 Z-20. R15. D10. F60.
N290 G0 Z200.
N300 G0 X-50. Y150.
N310 M5
N320 T2 S2200 M3
N330 G0 X15. Y17.
N340 G0 Z2.
N350 G82 Z-17. F40.
N360 G82 X85. Y17. Z-17. F40.
N370 G82 X85. Y63. Z-17. F40.
N380 G82 X15. Y63. Z-17. F40.
N390 G80
N400 G0 Z200.
N410 G0 X-50. Y150.
N420 M5
N430 M2
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99
Bai tap phay 7

phong di ay:
* DAO PHAY NGON: T 1 (N4); T 2 (N2)
X
= 0; (M-P)
Y
= 0 ; (M-P)
Z
= 30

N10 G90
N20 G17
N30 G94
N40 T1 S1200 M3
N50 G0 X-15 Y5
N60 G0 Z-8
N70 G42
N80 G1 X25 Y15 F100
N90 G2 X50 Y5 R30
N100 G1 X100 Y5
N110 G3 X115 Y10 R15
N120 G2 X130 Y15 R15
N130 G1 X140 Y15
N140 G3 X140 Y75 R65
N150 G1 X110 Y75
N160 G2 X100 Y85 R10
N170 G3 X50 Y85 R60
N180 G2 X40 Y75 R10
N190 G1 X15 Y75
N200 G3 X5 Y65 R10
N210 G2 X5 Y30 R35
N220 G3 X15 Y15 R15
N230 G1 X20 Y15
N240 G40
N250 G0 Z2
N260 G0 X-15 Y100
N270 G0 Z-8
N280 G1 X45 Y100 F100
N290 G0 Z2.
N300 G0 X165 Y100
N310 G0 Z-8
N320 G1 X105 Y100 F100
N330 G0 Z2
N340 G0 X135 Y70
N350 G72 Q7 X15 Y20 Z-15 D18
F100
N360 G0 X75 Y45
N370 G75 Q7 Z-15 R35 D18 F100
N380 G0 Z300
N390 G0 X-50 Y150
N400 M5
N410 T2 S2000 M3
N420 G0 X25 Y30
N430 G0 Z2
N440 G22 A6000 H3
N450 G0 Z300
N460 G0 X-50 Y150
N470 M5
N480 M2
N5000 G82 Z-25 F50
N5010 G0 U20
N5020 G80
N5030 M99
N6000 G22 A5000 H5
N6010 G0 U-100 V15
N6020 M99
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100
Bai tap phay 8

phong di ay:
Cho biet: * PHOI: LX=150; LY = 150; LZ = 30
X
= 0 ; (M-P)
Y
= 0 ; (M-P)
Z
= 30
* DAO: T 1 (N4); T2 (N1)

N10 G90
N20 G17
N30 G94
N40 T1 S1500 M3
N50 G0 X-12. Y150.
N60 G0 Z-8.
N70 G41
N80 G1 X50. Y140. F100.
N90 G3 X100. Y140. R40.
N100 G1 X130. Y140.
N110 G2 X140. Y130. R10.
N120 G1 X140. Y110.
N130 G3 X150. Y50. R50.
N140 G1 X150. Y40.
N150 G2 X115. Y5. R35.
N160 G1 X100. Y5.
N170 G3 X50. Y0. R40.
N180 G2 X0. Y50. R50.
N190 G3 X10. Y100. R40.
N200 G1 X10. Y120.
N210 G2 X30. Y140. R20.
N215 G1 X40. Y140.
N220 G40
N230 G0 Z200.
N240 G0 X-50. Y150.
N250 M5
N260 T2 S2200 M3
N270 G0 X25. Y25.
N280 G0 Z2.
N290 G22 A5000 H4
N300 G0 Z2.
N310 G0 X30. Y115.
N320 G22 A6000 H4
N330 G0 Z200.
N340 G0 X-50. Y150.
N350 M5
N360 M2

N5000 G72 Q3 U20. V20. Z-10. D6. F50.
N5010 G0 U25. V25.
N5020 M99

N6000 G75 Q3 Z-15. R12. D5. F50.
N6010 G0 U28. V-28.
N6020 M99

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101
Bai tap tien 1
Ve hnh chi tiet gia cong (co he truc toa o thao chng) t chng trnh tien mo
phong di ay:
Cho biet: * PHOI: LX=110; LZ = 180
Z
= 198
* DAO: T 1 (A2); T2 (A4); T3 (B2); T4 (S1);

N10 G90
N20 G95
N30 T1 S1000 M3
N40 G0 Z0.
N50 G0 X115.
N60 G1 X-5. F0.2
N70 G0 Z3.
N80 G0 X115.
N90 G71 A5000 I0.5 K0.5 D2. F0.2
N100 G0 X200. Z200.
N110 M5
N120 T2 S2000 M3
N130 G22 A5000 H1
N140 G0 X115.
N150 G0 X200. Z200.
N160 T3 S300 M3
N170 G0 Z2.
N180 G0 X0.
N190 G1 Z-33. F0.13
N195 G0 Z3.
N200 G0 X200. Z200.
N210 M5
N220 T4 S500 M3
N230 G0 X115. Z-150.
N240 G1 X-5. F0.1
N250 G0 X115.
N260 G0 X200. Z200.
N270 M5
N280 M2

N5000 G0 X49. Z2.
N5020 G1 Z0. F30.
N5030 G1 X52. Z-1.5
N5040 G1 X52. Z-25.
N5050 G1 X48. Z-28.
N5060 G1 X48. Z-33.
N5070 G1 X68. Z-33.
N5080 G1 X70. Z-34.5
N5090 G1 X70. Z-75.
N5100 G1 X66. Z-78.
N5105 G1 X66. Z-81.
N5110 G1 X74. Z-81.
N5120 G1 X104. Z-97.
N5130 G1 X104. Z-155.
N5140 M99

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102
Bai tap tien 2
phong di ay:
Z
= 220
* DAO: T 1 (A2); T2 (G1); T3 (S2);
N10 G18
N20 T1 S1000 M4
N30 G0 X122. Z2.
N40 G71 A5000 Q5080 I0.5 K0.5 D2. F0.1
N50 G0 X121. Z0.
N60 G22 A5000 H0
N70 G0 X200. Z200.
N80 M5
N90 M2
N5000 G1 X45. Z2.
N5010 G1 X50. Z-4.
N5020 G1 X50. Z-55.
N5030 G1 X80. Z-55.
N5040 G1 X80. Z-75.
N5050 G1 X90. Z-75.
N5060 G3 X100. Z-85. R10.
N5070 G1 X100. Z-105.
N5080 G3 X120. Z-125. R20.
N5090 M5
N5100 T2 S1000 M4
N5110 G0 X120. Z-125.
N5120 G3 X100. Z-145. R20.
N5130 G1 Z-160.
N5140 G1 X120. Z-160.
N5150 G0 X200. Z200.
N5160 M6
N5170 T3 S1000 M4
N5180 G0 X50. Z-55.
N5190 G1 X45.
N5200 G0 X200. Z200.
N5210 M5
N5220 T2 S1000 M4
N5230 G0 X50. Z2.
N5240 G76 X45. Z-50. K2.5 D1. H2 F5.
N5250 M99

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103
Bai tap tien 3
phong di ay:
Z
= 160
* DAO: T 1 (A1); T2 (A4); T3 (B3); T4 (I2); T5(S1);

N10 G18
N20 T1 S1000 M4
N30 G0 X110. Z0.
N40 G1 X-2. F0.1
N50 G0 Z2.
N60 G0 X110.
N70 G71 A5000 I0.5 K0.5 D3. F0.1
N80 G0 X200. Z100.
N90 T2 S1200 M4
N100 G0 X39. Z1.
N110 G22 A5000 H1
N120 G0 X200. Z100.
N130 T3 S1000 M4
N140 G0 X0. Z2.
N150 G1 Z-100. F0.1
N160 G0 Z2.
N170 G0 X200. Z100.
N175 M5
N180 T4 S1000 M4
N190 G0 X30. Z1.
N200 G1 X18. Z-2. F0.05
N210 G0 X10.
N215 G0 Z5.
N220 G0 X200. Z100.
N222 T5 S1000 M4
N224 G0 X110. Z-80.
N226 G1 X-2. Z-80. F0.05
N228 G0 X110. Z-80.
N229 G0 X200. Z100.
N230 M5
N240 M2
N5000 G1 X45. Z2.
N5010 G1 X50. Z-4.
N5020 G1 X50. Z-55.
N5030 G1 X80. Z-55.
N5040 G1 X80. Z-75.
N5050 G1 X90. Z-75.
N5060 G3 X100. Z-85. R10.
N5070 G1 X100. Z-105.
N5080 G3 X120. Z-125. R20.
N5090 M5
N5100 T2 S1000 M4
N5110 G0 X120. Z-125.
N5120 G3 X100. Z-145.
R20.
N5130 G1 Z-160.
N5140 G1 X120. Z-160.
N5150 G0 X200. Z200.
N5160 M5
N5170 T3 S1000 M4
N5180 G0 X50. Z-55.
N5190 G1 X45.
N5200 G0 X200. Z200.
N5210 M5
N5220 T2 S1000 M4
N5230 G0 X50. Z2.
N5240 G76 X45. Z-50.
K2.5 D1. H2 F5.
N5250 M5
N5260 M99

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104
Bai tap tien 4
phong di ay:
Z
= 150
* DAO: T 1 (A1); T2 (A4); T3 (G1); T4 (B3); T5(S1);
N5 G95
N10 G90
N20 T1 S1000 M4
N30 G0 X104. Z0.
N40 G1 X0. F0.2
N50 G0 X104. Z2.
N60 G71 A5000 I0.5 K0.5 D2. F0.1
N70 G0 X200. Z200.
N80 M5
N90 T2 S1500 M4
N100 G22 A5000 H1
N110 G0 X200. Z200.
N120 M5
N130 T3 S800 M4
N140 G0 X74. Z-26.
N150 G76 X66. Z-60. K2. D0.1 H7 F1.5
N160 G0 X200. Z200.
N170 T4 S1500 M3
N180 G0 X0. Z2.
N190 G83 Z-23. D5. H4 F0.2
N195 G80
N200 G0 X200. Z200.
N210 M5
N220 T5 S1000 M4
N230 G0 X104. Z-100.
N240 G1 X-1. F0.1
N250 G0 X104.
N260 G0 X200. Z200.
N270 M2
N5000 G0 X42. Z2.
N5010 G1 Z0. F0.1
N5020 G3 X52. Z-5. R5.
N5030 G1 Z-22.
N5040 G1 X48. Z-25.2
N5050 G1 Z-30.
N5060 G1 X68.
N5070 G1 X70. Z-32.
N5080 G1 Z-58.
N5090 G1 X66. Z-60.2
N5100 G1 Z-63.
N5110 G2 X70. Z-65. R2.
N5120 G1 X74.
N5130 G1 X100. Z-78.
N5140 G0 X104.
N5150 M99

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Bai tap tien 5
phong di ay:
Z
= 140
* DAO: T 1 (A1); T2 (A4); T3 (S1);

N10 G95
N20 G90
N30 T1 S1000 M4
N40 G0 X52. Z2.
N50 G71 A5000 I0.5 K0.5 D2. F0.3
N60 G0 X200. Z200.
N70 M5
N80 T2 S2000 M4
N90 G22 A5000 H1
N100 G0 X200. Z200.
N105 M5
N110 T3 S1000 M4
N120 G0 X22. Z-15.
N130 G1 X14. F0.2
N140 G1 Z-16.
N150 G0 X54.
N160 G0 Z-90.
N170 G1 X30.
N180 G0 X46.
N185 G1 X50. Z-88.
N186 G0 X50. Z-90.
N187 G1 X-2
N188 G0 X60.
N190 G0 X200. Z200.
N200 M5
N210 M2

N5000 G0 X0. Z2.
N5010 G1 Z0. F0.1
N5020 G3 X10. Z-5. R5.
N5030 G1 Z-10.
N5040 G1 X20. Z-11.42
N5050 G1 Z-25.
N5060 G1 X17. Z-29.12
N5070 G1 Z-35.46
N5080 G1 X24. Z-45.
N5085 G1 Z-55.
N5090 G1 X35.84 Z-67.77
N5100 G2 X43. Z-70. R4.
N5110 G1 X49.
N5120 G1 X50. Z-71.
N5130 G1 X100.
N5140 M99

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PHU LUC 2

BAI TAP
SOAN THAO CHNG TRNH NC

I. Yeu cau
- Nghien cu chi tiet, vach trnh t bc cong nghe cung vi viec chon may, dao, che
o cat. Thiet lap phieu nguye n cong.
- Thiet ke quy ao cat
- Soan thao chng trnh NC bang phng phap THU CO NG (tren phan mem mo
phong phay hoac tien)
- Soan thao chng trnh NC bang phng phap T ONG (tren phan mem MillCam
Designer2 va may phay CNC NOVAMILL)

II. Bai tap
1. Bai tap phay (ban ve so 1 en ban ve so 20)
2. Bai tap tien (ban ve so 1 e n ban ve so 10)

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