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S DNG MAPLE DY- HC TON

TRONG MI TRNG TNG TC
Nguyn Chnh T
(Khoa Ton, HSP Hu)
1. Gii thiu s lc v dy hc tng tc v phn mm Maple
a. Dy hc tng tc l xu hng mi ca gio dc hin nay. Hnh thc
dy hc ny mang n cho ngi hc mt mi trng l tng kin
to v t chim lnh kin thc thng qua cc hat ng c thit k
bi ngi dy. Ngi hc c iu kin pht trin mnh m tnh ch
ng, t duy sng to v cc k nng s dng nhng cng c hin i
ca khoa hc cng ngh, p ng nhu cu ca thc tin i vi sn
phm o to.
b. Trong cc hnh thc dy hc tng tc, s dng phn mm v cc
phng hc a chc nng c ni mng internet hoc mng ni b t ra
c nhiu u im v c nhiu nc trn th gii quan tm theo ui.
Kt hp vi cc hnh thc seminar v thc hin cc tiu lun theo
nhm, dy hc tng tc to ra s pht trin ton din v nng cao
cht lng ging dy.
c. Vic chn la nhng phn mm tin hnh dy-hc tng tc ph
thuc vo mc tiu, ni dung v i tng dy hc. Theo chng ti, cc
phn mm GSP, Cabri, Maple, Autographc th l nhng la chn
tt nht hin nay cho gio dc ph thng. Ti Khoa Ton, HSP Hu,
chng ti v ang s dng Maple to ra cc mi trng dy-hc
c th trn lp, s dng cho mt s ni dung mn hc thch hp. Bi
vit ny nhm chia s nhng kinh nghim bc u trong vic ging
dy ca chng ti HSP Hu, nh nhng bc i u tin ti nc
ta trong vic ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong vic dy hc tng
tc. Nhng kinh nghim ny hon ton c th ng dng cho dy-hc
ph thng ti nhng ni c iu kin khoa hc cng ngh thun li.
d. Maple l mt h thng tnh ton trn cc biu thc i s v minh ha
hnh hc mnh m ca cng ty Warterloo Maple Inc.
(http://www.maplesoft.com), ra i nm 1991, pht trin n phin
bn 11 (n 4/2007). Maple chy trn tt c cc h iu hnh, c trnh
tr gip (Help) rt d s dng. T phin bn 7, Maple cung cp ngy
cng nhiu cc cng c trc quan, cc gi lnh t hc gn lin vi ton
ph thng v i hc. u im khin ngy cng c nhiu nc trn
th gii la chn s dng Maple trong dy-hc ton tng tc trc
i hi ca thc tin v s pht trin ca gio dc.
e. Cc tnh nng c bn ca Maple.
C th nu vn tt cc chc nng c bn ca Maple nh sau:
l mt h thng tnh ton trn cc biu thc i s;
c th thc hic c hu ht cc php ton c bn trong chng
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trnh ton i hc v sau i hc;
cung cp cc cng c minh ha hnh hc thun tin gm: v th
tnh v ng ca cc ng v mt c cho bi cc hm ty
trong nhiu h ta khc nhau;
mt ngn ng lp trnh n gin v mnh m, c kh nng tng
tc vi cc ngn ng lp trnh khc;
cho php trch xut ra cc nh dng khc nhau nh LaTex, Word,
HTML,...
Mt cng c bin son gio n v bi ging in t, thch hp vi
cc lp hc tng tc trc tip;
mt tr gio hu ch cho hc sinh v sinh vin trong vic t hc;
2. S dng Maple trong dy-hc ton i hc
2.1. Trong dy hc tng tc i hc
Cc phng n:
Ph thuc vo mc ch, ni dung v phng tin dy hc, c th nu ra 3
hnh thc v mc sau y:
a) Dy trn lp hc High Class c mt mn hc, mt chng hoc mt ni
dung c th.
Hnh thc dy hc ny i hi phi c h thng high class hin i.
b) Ch dng lp hc High Class trong gi thc hnh kt hp vi hc l
thuyt bng cc phng php dy hc khc.
c) Gio vin dng LCD kt ni vi my tnh thc hin mt s khu
trong bi ging. Sinh vin thc hnh cc tnh ton bng tay theo kch bn
ca gio vin.
Bnh lun:
Rt kh thc hin vi lp c s lng sinh vin trn 50.
Mc a) thch hp nht vi cc i tng sinh vin khng phi
chuyn ngnh ton. Vi sinh vin ton, cn kt hp vi xy dng v
chng minh l thuyt, ngha l nn s dng hnh thc b) hoc c).
i hi phng tin ging dy hin i, t nht l LCD.
ch pht huy tt nhng mn hc hoc ni dung i hi nhiu tnh
ton. mc ny chng ti s dng cho cc mn: Ton cao cp,
i s tuyn tnh, i s a thc, m rng trng, L thuyt Galois.
2.2. S dng Maple h tr trong qu trnh dy hc truyn thng
2.2.1. Gi lnh Student h tr cho vic dy v hc ton.
T Maple 8, gi lnh Student c pht trin t gi lnh student
trc nhm h tr cho vic dy v hc ton i hc v ph
thng. Khai thc kh nng ca gi lnh ny s em n cho gio
vin rt nhiu cng c h tr mi trong phng php dy hc. C
th ni rng gi lnh ny cp n tt c cc ni dung ton hc
ca i hc v ph thng, cung cp nhiu lnh v th tc cho cc
php ton v algorithm xut hin trong chng trnh ging dy, cung
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cp nhiu cng c tng tc di dng Maplet v h tr vic lm
tng bc cc php ton c bn ca vi tch phn.
Gi lnh Student c 3 gi lnh con l Calculus1, LinearAlgebra v
Precalculus. np tng gi lnh, lm nh sau:
with(Student[Precalculus]):
Gi lnh con Calculus1 l gi lnh quan trng nht ca Student. N
cha cc cng c h tr t hng dn thc hin cc php tnh vi
tch phn cho n kho st v v th hm; t vic minh ha v
tip tuyn ng cong cho n vic tnh din tch, th tch mt trn
xoay,v.v...
V d: Kho st hnh hc v th tch ca vt th trn xoay.
> with(Student[Calculus1]):

> VolumeOfRevolution(cos(x) + 3, sin(x) + 2, x=0..4*Pi);
20
2

> VolumeOfRevolution(cos(x) + 3, sin(x) + 2,
x=0..4*Pi,output=integral);
d

0
4
( ) + + ( ) cos x
2
6 ( ) cos x 5 ( ) sin x
2
4 ( ) sin x x

> VolumeOfRevolution(cos(x) + 3, sin(x) + 2, x=0..4*Pi,
output=plot):
Lnh cui cng tnh th tch ca mt trn xoay xc nh bi hm trn,
km theo vi hnh v.

S dng cc Tutor trong cc gi ca Student v cc h tr tnh ton
tng bc.
V d: Tch tch phn
> with(Student[Calculus1]):
IntTutor()
Sau khi nhn Enter, mt ca s Maplet hin ra, cho php ta nhp
hm v cc khong cn tnh tch phn (nu l tch phn xc nh).
Maplet ny c th gip a ra cc bin i tng bc cho bi ton
tnh phn v tnh ra kt qu cui cng.

2.2.2. S dng Maple nh mt phng tin minh ha cc khi
nim ton hc v i tng hnh hc.
V d: Minh ha hnh nh t nhin ca cc ng conic nh giao tuyn
ca mt mt nn v mt phng ct n.
> with(plots):
>animate(plot3d,[y/3-10,x=-
20..t,y=20..t,color=red,style=PATCHNOGRID],t=18..17,axes=fr
amed,background=plot3d([z*cos(t),z*sin(t),z],z=-20..0,t=-
Pi..Pi));
Warning, the name changecoords has been redefined
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Kch chut trn hnh v, ta c th xem t nhiu gc khc nhau. Bng
cch thay i phng trnh thch hp ca mt phng ta c thit din l
ng hyperbol hay parabol.

2.2.3. S dng Maple hnh thnh cc khi nim ton hc.
V d: Khi nim tch phn xc nh v ngha hnh hc ca n.
> with(plots):with(student):
> f:=x->x-2*sin(x);
:= f x x 2 ( ) sin x

>display(seq(middlebox(f(x),x=-
2..2,SoHinh),SoHinh=6..80),insequence=true);

Khi ta kch chut trn hnh v, trn thanh cng c s xut hin thanh iu
khin hnh v. Kch chut trn thanh iu khin, s hnh ch nht ca tng
Riemann s tng t 6 ln 80 v dn dn ph kn phn mt gii hn bi
ng cong.

2.2.4. S dng Maple d on cc kt qu ton hc.
V d: dy hi t v khng hi t
> pointplot([seq([n,sin(n)/(n+1)],n=1..150)],color=blue);
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>pointplot([seq([n,abs(sin(n)+1/n)^(sqrt(n))],n=1..1000)],c
olor=blue);


2.2.5. Maple h tr gio vin trong cc hot ng ging dy khc.
C th nu vi tng v vic s dng Maple cho cc hot ng ging
dy khc ca gio vin ton nh sau:
1) Dng Maple tm v son h thng bi tp, thi theo mun.
2) Kim tra cc kt qu ca cc bi ton tnh ton d on cc chng
minh (v d v cc bi ton gii phng trnh, phn tch hoc rt gn a
thc, phn thc...)
3) Son gio n, v cc th chnh xc phc v ging dy hoc sinh hot
chuyn mn; vit cc bo co khoa hc.
4) Cng c h tr trong bi dng hc sinh gii hoc hot ng tp dt
nghin cu khoa hc.
5) L ngun d liu phong ph la chn cc kch bn ln lp.
6) Maple l mt ngun m, cho php ngi dng d dng to ra cc lnh
v chng trnh cho ring mnh bng cc modun lnh c sn v rp ni
bng cc lnh n gin.

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V d: Tm mt ma trn vung c nh thc cho trc v phn t khng
qu 5.
> restart; with(linalg):
Warning, the protected names norm and trace have been redefined and
unprotected

> matran:=proc(n)
local i,j,G,r,A;
do G:=matrix(n,n):r:=rand(-5..5): for i to n do for j to n
do G[i,j]:=r() od od:
if det(G)=-1 then RETURN(evalm(G)) fi od;
end:
> matran(4);

-3 -1 -3 5
0 -4 1 3
-3 4 -5 1
4 -3 3 -4

3. Ti liu tham kho
1. Corless R. M., Essential Maple 7, An Introduction for Scientific
Programmers, Springer, 2002.
2. Phm Huy in, Tnh ton, lp trnh v ging dy ton hc trn Maple,
NXB KH v KT, 2002.
3. Putz J., Maple Animation, Charman & Hall/CRC, 2003.
4. Nguyn Chnh T, Bi ging Maple cho sinh vin Khoa Ton, HSP
Hu, 2005.
5. Nguyn Chnh T, ng dng Maple trong i mi phng php hc tp
v ging dy ton hc, K yu Hi tho KH, HSP Hu, 4/2004.
6. Waterloo Maple , Maple 9, Learning Guide, 2004.
7. Waterloo Maple , Maple 7, Programming Guide, 2004.