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RECO2006 Construction IV
Shoring
Edward CY YIU
Department of Real Estate and Construction
J anuary 2007
Learning Objectives
What is shoring
Why shoring
Types of shoring
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What is shoring?
Shoring (from "shore," a prop) is an operation
connected with building. It is often necessary
before actual building is begun to support
adjoining premises while the work of excavating
for underground apartments is being carried out.
The art of shoring comprises the temporary
support of buildings, and may become
necessary because of the failure or settlement of
some portion of the structure or for the purpose
of upholding the upper portion while alterations
are being made in the lower.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoring
Propping =Bracing =Retaining Wall =Shoring?
Shoring Materials
There are several different forms of shoring, each
adapted to suit peculiar circumstances.
Much of the shoring for ordinary cases is done with
heavy, roughly sawn timbers strongly braced together,
but for especially heavy work steel members may be
introduced and prove of great value.
There is the trouble in connection with their use,
however, that connections between steel members are
not made with the same facility as between pieces of
timber.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoring
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Types of Shoring
The most general shoring is the raking shore.
It consists of one or more timbers sloping from the face of the
structure to be supported and bedded upon the ground.
As the ground is usually of a more or less yielding nature, a stout
timber plate termed a sole-piece, of sufficient area to withstand
being driven into the soil, is placed to receive the base of the
raking timber or timbers.
A wall-plate, with the object of increasing the area of support, is
fixed to the face of the wall by means of hooks driven into the
wall.
Where space is available, an angle of 60 is the best to adopt for
the main shore, the auxiliary members ranging in their slope
from 45 to 75.
In many cases, especially in towns, the angle of slope is
governed by outside influences such as the width of the footway.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoring
Types of Shoring (Contd)
Flying Shores
In some situations, the close
proximity of existing buildings,
or the need to maintain access,
may prevent the use of raking
shores. In these situations, a
flying shore may be effective.
This relies on transmitting loads
to the adjacent structures, for
which obviously the owner's
permission will be necessary.
The existing building to be used
for support should also be
carefully inspected for its
adequacy to carry additional
loads.
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Types of Shoring (Contd)
Deed or Needle Shoring
Dead or needle shoring, often
more simply referred to as
propping, is used for supporting
existing walls, floors and
roofing whilst works are carried
out to form openings or remove
walls at lower level.
Steel or timber uprights are
provided to support loads from
a structure, normally in
association with wedges or
head and sole plates to
distribute stresses over larger
areas.
Type of Shoring (Contd)
Sheet Piling
For a continuous
support of soil
against collapse
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Examples of Sheet Piling
Sheet piling works at Fanling WSD Reserved Area for the construction of
noise barrier foundation
http://www.hyd.gov.hk/contractwebsites/fhnb/HY200320_FILES/PHOTO0501.HTM
Type of Shoring (Contd)
Diaphragm Wall
Cofferdam
Are these shoring?
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Example of Propping - Source: http://www.sciglobal.com/falsework/20KPostShore.html
Source: http://www.sciglobal.com/falsework/20KPostShore.html
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Hyd Shoring Guidelines
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Diaphragm Wall shoring?
Diaphragm wall can be made of reinforced concrete to
provide structural load-bearing elements for temporary or
permanent retaining walls or both.
Cofferdam is a temporary structure built to exclude earth
and water from construction area and thus permit the
work inside the cofferdam to be carried out in the dry.
Retaining wall is
Refer to course materials on civil works
Cofferdam in IFC2
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References
PNAP 142, 166 Retaining Walls
Building (Construction) Regulations, (Cap.
123), Laws of Hong Kong
HD (2003) Guide to Trench Excavation
(Shoring Support and Drainage
Measures), Highways Department, H
The End
For enquiries, please send email to
Edward CY YIU
Department of Real Estate and Construction
The University of Hong Kong
ecyyiu@hkucc.hku.hk