c

1. (5,10,4) (-2,3,-3) 1 2
3 2 .
1 2.
:

1
1 =
=
M 1B 6

x=

x1 + x2
1+

1 =

x=

AM 2

1
6

1
( 2)
6
=
1
1+
6

5+

3
2 =
=
M 2B 4

AM 1

y=

y1 + y2
1+

z=

M2

z1 + z2
1+

28
1
10 + 3
6 = 4; y =
6 =
1
7
1+
6
6

63
6 = 9;
7
6

3
4
3
14
3
49
5 + ( 2 )
10 + 3
4
4 = 4 = 7;
x=
= 4 = 2;
y=
3
3
7
7
1+
1+
4
4
4
4
M 1 (4,9,3) M 2 (2,7,1) .

A M1

z=

1
( 3)
6
=
1
1+
6

4+

21
6 =3
7
6

1 =

z=

3
( 3)
4
=
3
1+
4

4+

7
4 =1
7
4

2. : (2,0,0), (0,3,0), (0,0,6) D(0,0,0).

.
:

,
(x,y,z).
, : AO = BO = CO = DO .
AO = ( x 2 , y , z ) , BO = ( x , y 3 , z ) , CO = ( x , y , z 6 ),

DO = ( x , y , z )

AO = DO

BO = DO

CO = DO

( x 2 )2 + y 2 + z 2 = x 2 + y 2 + z 2

2
2
2
2
2
2
x + ( y 3) + z = x + y + z

x 2 + y 2 + ( z 6 )2 = x 2 + y 2 + z 2

( x 2 )2 + y 2 + z 2 = x 2 + y 2 + z 2
( x 2 )2 = x 2

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
x + ( y 3 ) + z = x + y + z
( y 3 ) = y
2

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
x + y + ( z 6 ) = x + y + z
( z 6 ) = z

x 2 4x + 4 = x 2

2
2
y 6y + 9 = y
2
2
z 12z + 36 = z

9 3
3
= , z = 3 . O( 1, ,3 ) ,
6 2
2
4 + 9 + 36 7
9
= .
R = DO = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 + + 9 =
4
2
4
: x = 1, y =

1. 2 x + y 2 z 4 = 0 :
)
)
:

a)

x
y
z
+
+
= 1
a
b
c

2x + y 2z 4 = 0
2x + y 2z = 4 / : 4
x y z
+ =1
2 4 2
Ax + By + Cz + D

b)

A + B +C
2x + y 2z 4

z
c

=0

=0

+ 2 + 1 + ( 2 )
2
1
2
4
x+ y z =0
3
3
3
3
2

2. (2,2,3).
, b
a : b : c = 1: 2 : 3 .

x
y
z
+
+
= 1
a
b
c
a : b : c = 1 : 2 : 3 b = 2a , c = 3a .
2
2
3
+
+
= 1
2a
3a
a
4
=1 a = 4
a
:

x y z
+ + =1
4 8 12
3. (-5,-16,12) -.
:
-, 2 -: (0,0,0)
N(0,1,0), : , N:

x x1

y y1

z z1

x 2 x1

y 2 y1

x3 x1

y3 y1

z 2 z1 = 5 0 16 0 12 0 = 0
1 0
00
z3 z1 0 0

x0

y0

z0

5 16 12 = ( 12x + 5z ) = 12x 5z = 0
0

, : 12x+5z=0
4. (2,2,3)
r
r
b = (-3,0,-5) c = (1,-1,2).
:
i
j
k
3 5
3 0
0 5
r r r
= ( 5 ,1,3)
n = b,c = 3 0 5 = i
j
+k
1 2
1
2
1 1
1 1 2

[ ]

A( x x0 ) + B( y y0 ) + c( z z 0 ) = 0

5(x 2 ) + (y 2 ) + 3(z 3) = 0
5(x 2 ) (y 2 ) 3(z 3) = 0
5x 10 y + 2 3z + 9 = 0
5x y 3z + 1 = 0

/(-1)

5. 2 x y + 2 z 4 = 0 x + y + 4 z 5 = 0

r r
n1 n2 r
r
cos = r r , n1 =(2,-1,2), n2 = (1,1,4 )
n1 n2

cos =

2 1 1 1 + 2 4
2 2 + ( 1)2 + 2 2 12 + 12 + 4 2

9
2
=
2
33 2
2
= arccos
=
2
4
cos =

6. (3,-1,2)
2x y + 2z 4 = 0 .
r
n1
:
r

A( x x0 ) + B( y y0 ) + c( z z 0 ) = 0

2(x 3) 1(y + 1) + 2(z 2 ) = 0

2 x y + 2 z 11 = 0

n2

7. (3,-1,2) (0,1,2)
2x y + 2z 4 = 0 .
:

r
AB = ( 3,2,0 ) , n1 = (2,1,2 )

i
j k
2 0 0 3 3 2
r
r
= (4,6,1)
n = AB , n1 = 3 2 0 =
,
,
1 2 2 2 2 1

2 1 2

A( x x 0 ) + B( y y 0 ) + C ( z z 0 ) = 0
4( x 3) + 6( y + 1) ( z 2 ) = 0
4 x + 6 y z 12 + 6 + 2 = 0
4x + 6 y z 4 = 0

r
n1
A
B

8. x + 3 y 5 + ( x y + z + 4 ) = 0
.
:

A1 x + B1 y + C1 z + D1 + ( A2 x + B2 y + C 2 z + D2 ) = 0
x + 3 y 5 + (x y + z + 4) = 0
(1 + )x + (3 ) y + z = 5 4

5 4 0 ,
5 4 .

x
y
z
+
+
=1
5 4 5 4 5 4
1+
3

5 4 5 4
=
1+
3
1+ = 3
2 = 2 = 1
:

x + 3y 5 + x y + z + 4 = 0

2x + 2 y + z = 1
9. z : 2 x + y 5 z = 0
60.
:
z -
:

Ax + By = 0

A = 0 y = 0 .

y

:
x
2 0 + 1 1 5 0
cos =
1 22 + 1 + 5
1
cos =
( 60 o )
10
z 60
A 0 .
A

x+

B
= B'
A

B
y = 0,
A

x + B' y = 0

B'
r
60 o . n1 = 2 ,1, 5 .
r
n 2 = (1, B' ,0 )

r r
n1 n2
cos = r r
n1 n2

cos 60 o =

2 1 + 1 B ' 5 0
1 + B ' 2 2 2 + 12 + 5
5

1
2 + B'
=
2
1 + B ' 2 10

1 + B '2 10 = 2(2 + B ') / 2

(1 + B'2 )10 = 4(2 + B')2 /:2

5 + 5B' 2 = 8 + 8B' +2B' 2

3B' 2 8 B'3 = 0
8 64 + 4 3 3 8 10
B '1 / 2 =
=
6
6
1
B'1 = 3,
B'2 =
3
1
x + 3 y = 0 x y = 0
3
10.
1 : 2x + 2y z 1 = 0 2 : 12x 16y + 15z + 1 = 0
:
M x , .
M ( x,0,0 ) . M
..

d (M , 1 ) = d (M , 2 )

2x + 2 0 + ( 1 ) 0 1
2 + 2 + ( 1)
2

2x 1

12x 16 0 + 15 0 + 1
12 2 + ( 16 )2 + 15 2

12x + 1

=
3
25
3(12x + 1) = 25(2x 1)
14x = 28
x=2

3(12 x + 1) = 25(2 x 1)
86 x = 22
22 11
x=
=
86 43

11

M 1 (2,0,0 ) M 2 ,0,0 .
43

11. xOz (3,-1,2)

(-1,-2,4).
:
xOz
0 .. M ( x,0, z ) . ,

 . AB = ( 4 ,1,2 ) AM = (x 3 ,1, z 2 ) ,

AB, AM = 0 .
i

x3

[AB, AM] =

1
4 4 1
2
2
=0
=
,
,

1
2
2
3
3
1

z2

( (z 2) 2 , 2(x 3) + 4(z 2), 4 + (x 3)) = 0

( z ,2x + 4z 14 , x 7 ) = (0 ,0 ,0)
z =0

2x + 4z 14 = 0 . x = 7 , z = 0 .
x7 = 0

2 7 + 4 0 14 = 0 , M (7 ,0 ,0 ) .
:
AB AM , :
AM = AB
(x 3,1, z 2) = ( 4 ,1,2)
(x 3,1, z 2) = ( 4 , ,2 )
x 3 = 4

:
1 =
z 2 = 2

= 1

x = 7
z = 0

, (7,0,0).

12. b :
2x y + 3z 1 = 0
x + 2y z + b = 0
x + ay 6z + 10 = 0
)
)
)
:
2 1

) D = 1
1

2
a

3
1 = 24 + 1 + 3a 6 + 2a 6 = 35 + 5a
6

, D = 35 + 5a 0 , a 7 .

)
, D = D x = D y = D z = 0 .
D = 35 + 5a = 0 , =7
1
Dx = b
10

1
2
7

3
1 = 12 10 21b + 60 + 7 + 6b = 45 15b = 0
6

b =3.
, =7 b =3 D y = D z = 0
) ,
, D = 0 , D x , D y
D z . =7 b 3 .

1.

2.

3.

1.
( )

2. ( )

3.1 ( )

3.2 ( )
9