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:

Morphologic Characteristics of Tigris River with at Mosul City

Abstract
In this research work the morphologic and bed material characteristic for 21 km
of Tigris River at Mosul city were studied. Seventy seven cross sections were
established on this reach. These cross sections were surveyed. Water surface levels were
measured at each section and samples of surface and subsurface of bed material were
collected. The concentration of the suspended loads was measured at different time
periods.
The results show that the river at the studied reach have a different morphology
and includes three different shapes (meander part, braided part and straight part), also
the rivers contents different bars. The sinuosity of river was 1.3 and bed slope was
equal to 5*10-4, the deepest part was extending beside the right bank from upstream of
Ninevah Bridge to downstream of Al-Horriya Bridge. The bed of Tigris River at the
studied reach is distinguished in two layers surface and subsurface The D50 of these
layers was equal to 32 mm and 13 mm respectively .The river bed are approached the
armoring condition. The surface bed material particles have mainly a disc shape ,then
blade, spherical, cylindrical with percentage 50%, 20%, 18% and 12% respectively..
The concentration of suspended load was in rage of 6-30ppm during the whole year
except the rain fall periods where the suspended concentration may increased over
3000ppm.
Key words: Tigris River, Morphologic characteristics, Mosul city, bed material
characteristics.

37

/ /19 /3 )54-33( 2102

(Dong

)Wang et.al. 2006[]2

(river

)Yellow

1111

1115
.

()Ministry of Water Resources, 2009[]1

21192117

() Yellowstone river

.
((Mohammadi et.al. 2008

[ ]1

()Gorgan River 21
.

2197

()Sinuositylength
()Meanderlength ( Width of

)meander belt .
11
11 1.121.47 .
[ ]4

) (Vishwas, 2003

()Western Deccan Trap Region

71

38

/ /19 /3 )54-33( 2102

)Form ()Sinuosity

()91 ()24

(ratio

(.)Bed material size

.
)Hayawi[]1

(1988

(1 )

)]5[ (Alam et.al. 2007

()Old Brahmputra

2117 .1114

Hamza,

]9[)1978

( )


. (Najib,

.
( Al AlThai, Othman]21[)1997



()55

)Al-Thai

Al-Hamadani,

]22[(2007

)1980[]7

15

()11 ()12

.
2119 ()Mushib, 1986[]1

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()12 ()77

()1

.


72919 .

12 ( )2

(Sounder

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()77

(
).
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( 4)


.

39

40

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()11 ( )

()211 .

.ppm 11-9

GPS( )5
()9
.

2191 .1111

2191 2115

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11 /1

4711 1[]21

.

(Meter

)Turbidity

(-2191

711 /
1

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1211 /1 42 /1
511 /1

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41

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( )Moderate

B(

.
(1)B-

211121121111
( )1

1111 /1 2111 1111

/1

151 /1 1111

) .

Sinuosity
.2.49
271
211

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2.11 211
71
(
)
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( .)21

( )21

( )Sinuosity

2.1

[ ]21

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42

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( )24

121

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( =415 /1 )

. ( )

()25

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21715

,
. ( .)29

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(754 )1

)(Mohammad 2005

[]24 ()251-5

/1 .

43

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( )27

4711 1

ppm1111

) ( )21

( )

( )

()Pool

( )21

( )11

44

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.

2.7

( )2

()91
()211

a b
.c()b

()12
.


()D50 11

( Geometric
)Standard Deviation
0.5

) 1.7 ..(2

D
= 84
D16

D50

D84,D16

%51%14%29
.

(
)
.

()a,b,c

()c/b ,b/a

( Zing
)Diagram ()11
11 .




( )%51 ( )%11 ()%21
()%21

45

/ /19 /3 )54-33( 2102

()Sphericity

()1.95

()1.91 ()1.97

( Shape

( )1.51
)Factor

( )1

D50..Surface 9.33 1.1*D 50..Sub.surface ..

(R 2 0.97 ...............)1

()11

( )

()D50 21

6.04=

()Armored

) Komura [)]21

)(D50Surface/D84Sub=>1

()2.14

()4

46

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.

%41 D50
1.111 .

-2

Rose[]17

.
-1

1111 /

1111 151 /1

()Turbidity

()ppm 11-9

-1

(1251 -911)ppm

(1251.)ppm

()D50 11
21 .

()14

%21 %51

47

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-4

-7

( )%51 ( )%11 ()%21

(%21).

()Sphericity
( )1.97
(Factor

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.
-5
11ppm

1111. ppm
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.
-9

-1

.
-1

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Wu, Qingping Zhu and Chang Liu,
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48

 / /19 /3 )54-33( 2102

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