Capitolul X

SERII TERITORIALE
'(),1,5($,3$57,&8/$5,7

,/(6(5

IILOR TERITORIALE

Seriile teritoriale QXPLWH L VHULL GH VSD LX VXQW LUXUL GH YDORUL DOH XQRU FDUDFWHULVWLFL
VWDWLVWLFHRUGRQDWHvQUDSRUWFXXQLW

LOHDGPLQLVWUDWLYHVDXGLYL]LXQLOHWHULWRULDOHGHFDUHDSDU LQ

Termenii unei astfel de serii sunt fie indicatori DEVROX LFHVHRE LQSULQFXPXODUHDvQFDGUXO
ILHF UHL XQLW L DGPLQLVWUDWLY-WHULWRULDOH D WXWXURU HOHPHQWHORU PDQLIHVW ULORU UHIHULWRDUH OD
FDUDFWHULVWLFD FHUFHWDW  ILH indLFDWRUL GHULYD L FH UH]XOW  GLQ DSOLFDUHD XQRU SURFHGHH GH FDOFXO OD
QLYHOXOILHF UHLXQLW

LREVHUYDWH

3ULQ XUPDUH VHULLOH WHULWRULDOH RSHUHD]  FX XQLW

L FRPSOH[H FD GH SLOG  MXGH XO

continentul etc. Aceasta face ca fiecare unitate administrativ-WHULWRULDO

DUD

V SRDW ILFDUDFWHUL]DW DWkW

vQ PRG LQGHSHQGHQW VXE IRUPD XQXL VWXGLX PRQRJUDILF FkW L FD SDUWH VDX QLYHO DO XQHL YDULDELOH

studiate n profil teritorial.

'H H[HPSOX SRSXOD LD XQXL MXGH  SRDWH FRQVWLWXL RELHFWXO XQHL PRQRJUDILL vQ

care se

SUH]LQW  WRDWH DVSHFWHOH OHJDWH GH QXP UXO VWUXFWXUD SH VH[H L JUXSH GH YkUVW  QDWDOLWDWH
PRUWDOLWDWHQXS LDOLWDWHIHUWLOLWDWHUHSDUWL LHVRFLR SURIHVLRQDO SHWLSXULGHORFDOLW

LHWF/DQLYHOXO

ULL vQV  SRSXOD LD MXGH XOXL HVWH SULYLW  FD SDUWH D vQWUHJXOXL FH VH FRQVWLWXLH vQ SRSXOD LH D

Romniei.
$FHDVW  FRPSOH[LWDWH D WHUPHQLORU XQHL VHULL WHULWRULDOH GHWHUPLQ  VHOHFWDUHD FX PXOW
GLVFHUQ PkQW D DFHORU LQGLFDWRUL FDUH DX FDSDFLWDWHD GH D H[SULPD VSHFLILFLWDWHD YDULD LHL vQ VSD LX

SRUQLQGGHODFRPSDUDELOLWDWHDLQIRUPD LLORULUHOHYDQ DH[SUHVLLORUORUFDQWLWDWLYH

3HGHDOW SDUWHSHQWUXDUHDOL]DRFXQRDWHUHFkWPDLFRPSOHW DFROHFWLYLW

LORUDQDOL]DWHvQ

SURILOWHULWRULDOVHUHFRPDQG IRORVLUHDvQSDUDOHODPDLPXOWRULUXULGHGDWHFDUHUHIOHFW YDULD LDvQ

LQWHULRUXO DFHOXLDL VSD LX D PDL PXOWRU FDUDFWHULVWLFL GH UHJXO  LQWHUGHSHQGHQWH5H]XOWDWXO DFHVWHL
FRQGXLWHHVWHRVHULHWHULWRULDO PXOWLGLPHQVLRQDO 

Exemplul 10.1. 3RWULYLW XQRU HVWLP

UL

SDWUX

UL DIODWH vQ SOLQ SURFHV DO WUDQ]L LHL SUH]LQW 

XUP WRDUHDVLWXD LHVSHFLILF DQXOXL

Tabelul 10.1.
7U
DUD

Bulgaria
Polonia
Romnia
Ungaria

PIB
(mrd.
$)
12,3
118
35,5
43,7

Q SULPHOH GRX  FR

WXULDOHXQRUHFRQRPLLvQWUDQ]L LHvQ

Export de
P

UIXULL

servicii
(mrd $)
5,2
29,4
9,4
13,8

PIB/loc.
($)

1.455
3.057
1.567
3.872

Formarea
EUXW

GH

capital fix
(% din PIB)
15,3
17,1
21,8
20,4

Ocuparea

Puterea de

IRU HLGH

FXPS UDUHD

PXQF

(%)
88,2
84,6
90,1
89,4

monedei
ID

GH

61,7
78,2
75,6
77,9

loane ale tabelului 10.1. sunt prezentate serii teritoriale formate din

LQGLFDWRUL DEVROX L GHWHUPLQD L SHQWUX ILHFDUH DU  SURGXVXO LQWHUQ EUXW L H[SRUWXO GH P UIXUL L
VHUYLFLL $FHWL LQGLFDWRUL DU SHUPLWH R DQXPLW  DQDOL]  D YDULD LHL vQ VSD LX GD
SX LQ LQWHUHVDQWH SHQWUX F  GLPHQVLXQLOH ILHF UHL

r rezultatele sunt

UL L SRWHQ LDOXO HFRQRPLF DO DFHVWHLD WUDQVIRUP 

DVWIHOGHFRPSDUD LLPDLPXOWVDXPDLSX LQvQVLPSOHH[HUFL LLDULWPHWLFH

&RPSDUD LLOHVXQWvQV PXOWPDLJU LWRDUHFkQGVHSRUQHWHGH OD LQGLFDWRULGHULYD LSUHFXP
FHL SUH]HQWD L vQ XOWLPHOH SDWUX FRORDQH DOH WDEHOXOXL  ILHFDUH QRX  VHULH WHULWRULDO  ILHFDUH
QRX FRORDQ DWDEHOXOXLDGXFkQGX LFRQWULEX LDODPDLEXQDFXQRDWHUHDFRQMXQFWXULLHFRQRPLFH

Vezi Short-term economic indicator transition economies, OECD CCET, Paris, nr. 4/1996.

LVRFLDOHGLQFHOHSDWUX

UL'HVLJXUDUILSXWXWILDWUDLLDO LLQGLFDWRULSHQWUXDDYHDRLPDJLQHL

PDLH[DFW 
6HULLOH WHULWRULDOH SUH]LQW  XQHOH SDUWLFXODULW

L GH FDUH WUHEXLH V  VH LQ  VHDPD vQ DQDOL]D

YDULD LHLvQVSD LXDGLIHULWHORUFDUDFWHULVWLFLHFRQRPLFR

-sociale.

2 SULP  SDUWLFXODULWDWH D VHULLORU WHULWRULDOH FRQVW  vQ LQGHSHQGHQ D

vQVHDPQ  F  QLYHOHOH VSHFLILFH GLIHULWHORU XQLW

termenilor, ceea ce

L DGPLQLVWUDWLY WHULWRULDOH QX VH FRQGL LRQHD] 

UHFLSURF $FHDVW  SDUWLFXODULWDWH SHUPLWH FDUDFWHUL]DUHD VHSDUDW  D ILHF UHL XQLW

L ILH SULQ

FRPSDUDUHDFXRDOW XQLWDWHILHSULQvQFDGUDUHDHLvQQLYHOXOWRWDOL]DWRUDOVHULHL
Q DO GRLOHD UkQG VH UHPDUF 

omogenitatea

VHULHL vQ VHQVXO F  WR L WHUPHQLL DX DFHODL

FRQ LQXWHFRQRPLFR VRFLDODFHHDLGHILQL LHVWDWLVWLF DVIHUHLGHFXSULQGHUH

QDOWUHLOHDUkQGVHULLOHWHULWRULDOHVHFDUDFWHUL]HD] SULQ

simultaneitatea termenilor, ceea ce

vQVHDPQ  F  WRDWH YDULDQWHOH VH UHIHU  OD XQXO L DFHODL PRPHQW DO REVHUY ULL VDX OD R DFHHDL
SHULRDG GHvQUHJLVWUDUH

(n exemplu citat, anul 1995).

variabilitatea

2 D SDWUD SDUWLFXODULWDWH FRQVW  vQ

WHUPHQLORU GHWHUPLQDW  GH FRPELQDUHD

IDFWRULORU HVHQ LDOL FDUH DVLJXU  VSHFLILFXO vQWUHJLL VHULL WHULWRULDOH FX PXO LPHD IDFWRULORU
vQWkPSO WRUL FDUH SURGXF GLIHUHQ LHU

ea de la o unitate administrativ-WHULWRULDO

 OD DOWD 7RFPDL

DFHDVW  SDUWLFXODULWDWH D VHULLORU WHULWRULDOH IDFH SRVLELO  DSOLFDUHD PHWRGHORU GH FDOFXO L DQDOL] 
VWDWLVWLF 
5HSUH]HQWDUHD JUDILF
a seriilor teritoriale se face cu ajutorul cartogramei sau al
cartodiagramei )LHFDUH JUDILF VH FRQVWUXLHWH SH IRQGXO XQHL K U L D XQLW LORU DGPLQLVWUDWLYteritoriale cercetate. n cazul cartogramei ILHFDUH XQLWDWH HVWH KDXUDW  GLVWLQFW SRWULYLW QLYHOXOXL
observat al caracteristicii n perimetrul administrativ-WHULWRULDOUHVSHFWLYLvQFRQFRUGDQ FXWLSXULOH
JUXSHOHFDOLWDWLYHGLVWLQVHSHED]DVWXGLXOXLYDULD LHLvQVSD LX

Cartodiagrama SUHVXSXQH FRQVWUXLUHD vQ VSD LXO ILHF UHL XQLW

e un aspect al analizei teritoriale.

L DGPLQLVWUDWLY

-teritoriale a

XQHLGLDJUDPHVWDWLVWLFHFDUHRJOLQGHW
'DF  QXP UXO XQLW

coloaneSHQWUXDLOXVWUDP

LORU WHULWRULDOH HVWH UHGXV VH SRW IRORVL L

diagrame prin benzi sau

ULPHDGLIHULW GHODRXQLWDWHWHULWRULDO ODDOWDDLQGLFDWRUXOXLFHUFHWDW

10.2. INDICATORII STATISTICI AI SERIILOR TERITORIALE

Prelucrarea datelor unei serii teritoriale se face cu ajutorul unui sistem de indicatori, adecvat
QDWXULL WHUPHQLORU L VFRSXOXL GH FXQRDWHUH XUP ULW 3ULQ IRORVLUHD DFHVWXL VLVWHP GH LQGLFDWRUL VH
SXQ vQ HYLGHQ

 GLIHUHQ LHULOH GLQWUH XQLW

LOH DGPLQLVWUDWLY WHULWRULDOH GDU vQ DFHODL WLPS VH

UHOLHIHD]  FHHD FH HVWH WLSLF L VHPQLILFDWLY SHQWUX vQWUHDJ  FROHFWLYLWDWH VXSXV  DQDOL]HL SUHFXP L
XQLIRUPLWDWHD VHULHL WHULWRULDOH VDX GLPSRWULY  GLVSHUVDUHD LQHJDO  vQ VSD LX
FHUFHWDWH'DF VHULDHVWHDOF

- ,QGLFDWRULDEVROX L
- Indicatori relativi

WXLW

GLQP

a caracteristicii

ULPLDEVROXWHVHSRWIRORVLXUP WRULLLQGLFDWRULVWDWLVWLFL

- indicatorii de nivel;
- decalajul (avansul) absolut
- indicii teritoriali;
- ratele de decalaj (devansare)
-P ULPLOHUHODWLYHGHVWUXFWXU
- indicele (coeficientul)

UHSDUWL LHLWHULWRULDOH

- Indicatori medii

- nivelul mediu;
- mediana, eventual modul.

$QDOL]D VHULLORU WHULWRULDOH SRDWH IL FRPSOHWDW  vQ IXQF LH GH RELHFWLYHOH FHUFHW ULL

- prin

DSOLFDUHD PHWRGRORJLHLSUH]HQWDWHvQSDUDJUDIHOH GH$QDOL] GLVSHUVLRQDO &RUHOD LDSDUDPHWULF 

LQHSDUDPHWULF HWF
6HFRQVLGHU RVHULHWHULWRULDO DOF WXLW GLQ

nWHUPHQLDEVROX L

8QLWDWHDWHULWRULDO

Nivelul caracteristicii

1;
y1

2;
y2

...i;
...yi;

...
...

j; ...n
yj; ...yn

Fiecare termen (yi) al seriei teritoriale constituie un indicator de nivel

(volumul) caracteristicii, constatat n unitatea administrativ-WHULWRULDO

FDUHH[SULP QLYHOXO

i = 1, n . Pe baza

WHUPHQLORU VH WUHFH OD HIHFWXDUHD FRPSDUD LLORU vQ SULILO WHULWRULDO  Q P ULPH DEVROXW  VH RE LQH

decalajul sau, respectiv, avansul (y XQHL XQLW

L DGPLQLVWUDWLY WHULWRULDOH L ID D GH XQLWDWHD M SH

ED]DUHOD LHL

yj/i = yi - yj.

(10.1)

Q IXQF LH GH VFRSXO DQDOL]HL FRPSDUD LLOH vQ SURILO WHULWRULDO vQWUH GRX  XQLW

L SRW IL I FXWH

fie n sensul daWGHUHOD LDILHvQVHQVLQYHUV




yi/j = yj - yi.

(10.1')

QDLQWHGHDWUHFHODFRPSDUDUHDDGRX XQLW

LWHULWRULDOHILHSULQVF GHUHILHSULQUDSRUWDUH

VHYDDQDOL]DGDF DUHORJLF LFRQ LQXWHFRQRPLFUH]XOWDWXOFRPSDU ULL

'DF  VHULD HVWH DOF WXLW  GLQ P ULPL GHULYDWH VH UHFRPDQG  IRORVLUHD UDSRDUWHORU SHQWUX D
HIHFWXDFRPSDUD LLOH vQWUH XQLW

LOH WHULWRULDOH GHRDUHFH  vQVHDPQ  SHQWUX ILHFDUH XQLWDWH D VHULHL

altceva.
n acest context, se trece la utilizarea indicatorilor relativi. Indicii teritoriali

VXQW P ULPL

UHODWLYH GH FRRUGRQDUH FDUH VH RE LQ SULQ UDSRUWDUHD WHUPHQLORU XQHL VHULL GH VSD LX (L P VRDU 
YDULD LD XQRU FROHFWLYLW

L FRH[LVWHQWH vQ WLPS GDU VLWXDWH vQ VSD LL GLIHULWH GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH DO

diferitelRUFDUDFWHULVWLFLFHIDF RELHFWXOVWXGLXOXL vQSURILOWHULWRULDO'HH[HPSOXGDF

y
LWHULWRULDOHiLj VHRE LQGRLLQGLFLLQGLYLGXDOL

VH VWXGLD] R

YDULDELO  SHQWUXGRX XQLW

yi

iyi/j= y j L

(10.2)

yj
iyj/ i = y i

(10.2')

2SHUkQG FX XQLW

L VWDWLVWLFH FRPSOH[H DQDOL]D vQ SURILO WHULWRULDO SUHVXSXQH XQHRUL

PHQ LQHUHDODQLYHOXOWRWDOL]DWRUDOXQLW
HVWH

QHFHVDU 

S WUXQGHUHD

vQ

LORUFRPSDUDWHDDFXPV DSURFHGDWPDLVXV$OWHRULvQV 

SURIXQ]LPHD

GHVFRPSXQHUHDSHIDFWRULGHLQIOXHQ

VWUXFWXULL

XQLW

LORU

WHULWRULDOH

FRPSDUDWH

LDU

DYDULD LHLXQHLFDUDFWHULVWLFLFRPSOH[HQHFHVLW DOHJHUHDXQXL

VLVWHP GH SRQGHUH L D XQHL ED]D GH UDSRUWDUH 3HQWUX UH]ROYDUHD DFHVWRU FHULQ H VH UHFXUJH OD

utilizarea LQGLFLORUWHULWRULDOLGHJUXSFDUHVHSUH]LQW vQSDUDJUDIXOILQDODOFDSLWROXOXL

Rata de decalaj (devansare) QXPLW  IUHFYHQW L decalaj (avans) relativ este expresia
%

SURFHQWXDO DGLIHUHQ HLDEVROXWHGLQWUHWHUPHQLLXQHLVHULLWHULWRULDOH1RWkQGFX (
yDFHDVW UDW 
VHFDOFXOHD] DVWIHO

-GHSHSR]L LDXQLW
%

y

i/ j

y 1 y j
yj

j/ i

y j y i
yi

j:

100 = 100 i i / j 1

-GHSHSR]L LDXQLW
y

LLWHULWRULDOH

LLWHULWRULDOH

i:

100 = 100(i j / i 1)

ULPL UHODWLYH FDOFXODWH FD UDSRDUWH ID

poate fi deseoULDSUHFLDW

(10.3)

(10.3')
 GH PHGLH $OHJHUHD WHUPHQLORU GH FRPSDUD LH

FDILLQGVXELHFWLY 'HDFHHDIUHFYHQWVHvQWkOQHVFFDED] GHFRPSDUD LH

SHQWUXWHUPHQLLXQHLVHULLWHULWRULDOHvQVXLQLYHOXOPHGLXPHGLDQDVDXPRGXOVHULHL1RWkQGFX

nivelul mediu,
UHOD LLOHGHPDLVXVGHYLQGHH[HPSOX

y)

y i / y = y i y ,

(10.1)

yi
y

10.2)

i y i/ j =


y i / y = 100(i y i/ y 1).

(10.3)

Nivelul mediu al seriei teritoriale (y  WUHEXLH GHWHUPLQDW vQ IXQF LH GH QDWXUD WHUPHQLORU
3HQWUXRVHULHIRUPDW GLQP ULPLDEVROXWHVHVWDELOHWHPHGLDDULWPHWLF VLPSO GDUHDWLQGHV ILH
OLSVLW GHYDORDUHDDQDOLWLF vQFRQWH[WXOGHWHUPLQ ULLFRPSOH[HDYDULD LHLvQVSD LX
1LYHOXO PHGLX DO VHULLORU WHULWRULDOH DOF WXLWH GLQ P ULPL UHODWLYH GH VWUXFWXU  VDX GH
LQWHQVLWDWHVHFDOFXOHD] FDPHGLLDULWPHWLFHSRQGHUDWH

n cazul seriilor teritoriale alF

WXLWH GLQ P ULPL UHODWLYH GH GLQDPLF  QLYHOXO PHGLX SRDWH IL

DIODWSULQDSOLFDUHDPHGLHLJHRPHWULFHVLPSOH$FHDVW UHOD LHVHUHFRPDQG LSHQWUXVHULLOHIRUPDWH

GLQ P ULPL UHODWLYH GH FRRUGRQDUH FX FRQGL LD FD ED]D GH UDSRUWDUH V  ILH DFHHDL SHQWUX WR L

termenii seriei).
Un aspect distinct al analizei seriilor teritoriale l constituie caracterizarea gradului de
XQLIRUPLWDWH VDX GH GLIRUPLWDWH D UHSDUWL LHL vQ VSD LX $FHVW DVSHFW VH H[SULP  SULQ coeficientul
2
UHSDUWL LHL WHULWRULDOH
aplicabil numai seriilor cu termeni direct nsumabili, deci, numai seriilor
DOF WXLWH GLQ P ULPL DEVROXWH Q SUHDODELO VH GHWHUPLQ  P ULPLOH UHODWLYH GH VWUXFWXU
pentru
fiecare din termenii seriei.
([LVW  PDL PXOWH SURFHGHH GH GHWHUPLQDUH D DFHVWXL LQGLFDWRU $VWIHl, statisticianul italian
&RUUDGR *LQL D SURSXV XWLOL]DUHD U G FLQLL S WUDWH GLQ VXPD S WUDWHORU SRQGHULORU FHORU Q XQLW

administrativ-WHULWRULDOH vQ WRWDOXO FROHFWLYLW

coeficientul Gini&VHRE LQHSRWULYLWUHOD LHL


C=

LL FHUFHWDWH 1RWkQG FX J i  SRQGHUHD XQLW

g2i ,

L

LL L

(10.4)

unde i = 1, n.
1
n,

Coeficientul Gini ia valori n intervalul

 $WXQFL FkQG FHOH Q XQLW

HJDOH vQ FROHFWLYLWDWH DGLF  UHSHWL LD WHULWRULDO  HVWH DEVROXW XQLIRUP  UH]XOW  &

variabila cerFHWDW

 VH FRQFHQWUHD]  vQWU R VLQJXU  XQLWDWH WHULWRULDO  &

LQIHULRDUH D FRHILFLHQWXOXL *LQL vQ UDSRUW FX QXP UXO Q DO XQLW

, LDU  GDF

 9DULDELOLWDWHD OLPLWHL

LORU DGPLQLVWUDWLY

GHWHUPLQ  R DQXPLW  GLILFXOWDWH vQ XWLOL]DUHD OXL DWXQFL FkQG VH FRPSDU  FROHFWLYLW
WHULWRULDO  GLIHULW  GH H[HPSOX FRPSDUD LL vQWUH

L DX SRQGHUL

1
n

-teritoriale,

L FX RUJDQL]DUH

UL vQWUH ]RQH JHRJUDILFH VDX FRQWLQHQWH 3HQWUX D

vQO WXUD DFHVW LQFRQYHQLHQW vQ SUDFWLFD VWDWLVWLF  LQWHUQD LRQDO  V

-au propus o serie de procedee de

corectare a formuOHL*LQLDVWIHOFDLQGLFDWRUXOV

LDYDORULvQLQWHUYDOXO>@LQGLIHUHQWFkWHXQLW

DYHDFROHFWLYLWDWHDFHUFHWDW 8QDVWIHOGHSURFHGHXHVWHGDWGHUHOD LDGHLQWHUSRODUH

n  g2i 1
n 1

C' =
)D

LDU

de mai jos:

(10.5)

 GH DOWH YDULDQWH GH FRUHFWDUH D FRHILFLHQWXOXL *LQL IRUPXOD  SUH]LQW  DYDQWDMXO

XQHLDSOLF ULOHVQLFLRDVHLFHODOHYLGHQ HLYDORULORUH[WUHPHDGPLVH

0> C
2

>

1.

Acest indicator estHIUHFYHQWvQWkOQLWvQOLWHUDWXUDHFRQRPLF

FRHILFLHQWDOFRQFHQW

VXEQXPHOHGHLQGLFHDOUHSDUWL LHLWHULWRULDOH

ULLWHULWRULDOH

Struck R., Zur Messung der Konzentration, Statistische Praxis, Berlin, nr.4/1965.

sau

8QDOWSURFHGHXGHP VXUDUHDJUDGXOXLGHXQLIRUPLWDWHDUHSDUWL LHLWHULWRULDOHDUH]XOWDWGLQ

DGDSWDUHD GH F WUH DFDGHPLFLDQXO 2FWDY 2QLFHVFX D XQRU QR LXQL VSHFLILFH  WHRULHL VLVWHPHORU OD

QHFHVLW

LOHVWDWLVWLFLL

&RQVLGHUkQG FROHFWLYLWDWHD VWDWLVWLF  FD XQ VLVWHP LDU JUXSHOH vQ FD]XO DFHVWD XQLW

administrativ-WHULWRULDOH FD VW

LOH

UL DOH VLVWHPXOXL FRQFHSWXO GH HQHUJLH LQIRUPD LRQDO  ( SRDWH IL

XWLOL]DW FD EDURPHWUX DO VW ULL GH RUJDQL]DUH D VLVWHPXOXL UHVSHFWLY FD LQGLFDWRU DO UHSDUWL LHL
WHULWRULDOH)RORVLQGQRWD LLOHGHSkQ DFXPUHOD LDGHFDOFXOHVWH

E =  gi ,
2

(10.6)

unde i = 1, n.
(QHUJLDLQIRUPD LRQDO

g2i 1n

1 1n

E =

DFRH]LXQLLVLVWHPXOXLVHDMXVWHD] SRWULYLWUHOD LHL

(10.6)

SHQWUX D IDFH FD UH]XOWDWXO V  VH vQFDGUH]H vQ LQWHUYDOXO

[0, 1 ]  LQGLIHUHQW FkWH VW

UL SUH]LQW 

FROHFWLYLWDWHDFHUFHWDW 
$SOLFD LD)RORVLQGGDWHOHGLQSULPHOHGRX FRORDQHDOHWDEHOXOXLV VHDQDOL]H]HL
FRPHQWH]HFRHILFLHQWXOGHFRQFHQWUDUHWHULWRULDO D3,%LDH[SRUWXOXLGHP UIXULLVHUYLFLLUHDOL]DW
GHFHOHSDWUX

UL

Rezolvare
, 3URGXVXO LQWHUQ EUXW UHDOL]DW vQ FHOH Q
FRWHOHS U LJLDOH

6HYDREVHUYDF 

g2i



UL vQVXPHD]   PLOLDU

de USD n 1995, iar

ULORUVXQWvQRUGLQH

= 0, 3902

gi = 1, 00 2ULFHHURDUHGHFDOFXODIHFWHD]

FRHILFLHQWXOGHFRQFHQWUDUH

5H]XOW 

2
n  gi 1

4 0 ,39021

=
= 0, 4324
n 1
41
C' =
ceea ce constituie o valoare destul de apropiat  GH SXQFWXO PHGLDQ DO LQWHUYDOXOXL vQ FDUH
poate lua valori acest indicator.
6HDSUHFLD] F 3,%QXHVWHWRFPDLXQLIRUPUHSDUWL]DW

2 UHSDUWL LH FHYD PDL XQLIRUP  SUH]LQW  vQV  H[SRUWXO GH P UIXUL  L VHUYLFLL SHQWUX FDUH

C'=0,3677.
Doar diQ FRPSDUDUHD FHORU GRL FRHILFLHQ L GH FRQFHQWUDUH L I

U  D FXQRDWH DOWH GHWDOLL

UH]XOW FDSDUWLFLSDUHDDFHVWRU DULODVFKLPEXULOHFXVWU LQ WDWHDHVWHGHVWXOGHGLIHULW GHODR DU OD

alta.
3HQWUXDYHULILFDDFHDVW FRQFOX]LHVHSRDWHIDFHSHQWUXILHFDUH DU UDSRUWXO

GD=

X
PI B

100

(10.7)

XQGH *' HVWH JUDGXO GH GHVFKLGHUH F WUH HFRQRPLD LQWHUQD LRQDO  LDU ; UHSUH]LQW  H[SRUWXO
GHP UIXULLVHUYLFLL

ntr-DGHY U3RORQLDL5RPkQLDSUH]LQW
BulgarLDFKLDUGHS HWH

RGHVFKLGHUHGH

-26%, Ungaria de peste 31%, iar

3HQWUXDQXIDFHHURULGHDSUHFLHUHDUWUHEXLFXQRVFXWHLVROGXULOHEDODQ HORUFRPHUFLDOHDOH
DFHVWRU

UL

Onicescu O.,

6WDWLVWLF QU

(QHUJLD LQIRUPD LRQDO

 FRPSRQHQW

 D XQXL EDURPHWUX

statistic al sistemelor, Revista de

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Polonia
Romnia
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(10.14)

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DQDOL]DVWDWLF FLLDWXQFLFkQGVHFHUFHWHD] YDULD LDvQSURILOWHULWRULDO$FHDVW UHOD LHHYLGHQ LD] 

reversibilitatea factorilor$DFXPDIRVWSUH]HQWDW ODLQGLFLLFURQRORJLFL

'DF  factorul cantitativ nu este direct nsumabil FRPSDUD LLOH vQ SURILO WHULWRULDO LPSXQ
DOHJHUHDFRP VXU WRUXOXL3HQWUXVHQVXOGHFRPSDUD LHLMLQGLFHOHGHJUXSSRDWH fi ponderat fie cu
(xi), fie cu (xjSRWULYLWUHOD LLORU
f

Ii/ j

x if i
x if i

(10.15)

respectiv:
I

f
i/ j

x jf i

x jf i

(10.15)

QWUXFkWUD LRQDPHQWXOVHDSOLF LSHQWUXIDFWRUXOFDOLWDWLYVHRE LQXUP WRDUHOHGRX YDULDQWHGH

calcul ale indicelui teritorial de grup:

x

I i/ j

x if i
x jf i

(10.16)

XQGHSRQGHULOHVXQWFHOHVSHFLILFHXQLW

x
i/ j

x if j

x jf j

LLLL

(10.16)

FX SRQGHUL FDUDFWHULVWLFH SHQWUX XQLWDWHD WHULWRULDO  FDUH UHSUH]LQW  vQ DFHODL WLPS ED]D GH

raportare (j).

'DF LQGLFLLIDFWRULDOL, i / j

s i I xi / j ) suQWSRQGHUD LFXFRP

VXUDWRULVSHFLILFLXQHLDQXPLWHXQLW

L

QX VH DVLJXU  vQV  UHYHUVLELOLWDWHD IDFWRULORU &XP QX H[LVW  VXSRUW ORJLF SHQWUX R HYHQWXDO  SRQGHUH
vQFUXFLDW  D LQGLFLORU IDFWRULDOL vQ SUDFWLFD FHUFHW ULORU HFRQRPLFH VH IRORVHWH GH RELFHL

media

JHRPHWULF DFHORUGRX YDULDQWHGHSRQGHUDUHDGLF XQIHOGHLQGLFH)LVKHUSULQFDUHVHUHGXFHLQIOXHQ D

SRQGHULL DVXSUD QLYHOXOXL LQGLFLORU FDOFXOD L 'HFL SHQWUX IDFWRUXO FDQWLWDWLY FX HOHPHQWH QHkQVXPDELOH

indicele de grup este:

f
i/ j

x ifi
x i fj

x jfi

x j fj

(10.15)

iar pentru cel calitativ:

x
i/ j

x ifi
x jf i

x ifj

x jf j

(10.16)

$OHJHUHDFRUHFW DUHOD LLORUGHFDOFXOvQFRQIRUPLWDWHFXQDWXUDFROHFWLYLW

LLFHUFHWDWHWLSXO

YDULD LHL DEVROXW  VDX UHODWLY  L VFRSXO FXQRDWHULL LQIOXHQ HD]  KRW UkWRU QX QXPD
L MXGHF

i rezultatele, ci

LOH GH YDORDUH SH FDUH RPXO GH DIDFHUL OH HODERUHD]  SH ED]D DFHVWRUD YH]L L DSOLFD LLOH

LGLQDFHVWPDQXDO

QWUHE

ULGHFRQWURO

$QDOL]D L

SDUWLFXODULW

LOH

VHULLORU WHULWRULDOH

vQ

FRPSDUD LH

FX SDUWLFXODULW

ile serilor

cronologice.
x
x

$U WD LFXPVHDOHJHED]DGHFRPSDUD LHvQFD]XOVHULLORUWHULWRULDOH
3UH]HQWD L FRPSDUDWLY  PHWRGHOH GH LHUDUKL]DUH D XQLW

LORU WHULWRULDOH DU WD L DYDQWDMXOH L

GH]DYDQWDMHOHILHF UHLPHWRGH
x

3UH]HQWD LVLVWHPHOHGHSRQGHUDUH

$QDOL]D LLQIOXHQ DDOHJHULSRQGHULORUvQFRQVWLWXLUHDLQGLFLORUWHULWRULDOL

care pot fi folosite n constituirea indicilor teritoriali.

3HQWUXFRPSDUDUHDSUH XULORUSURGXVHORUGLQWU R DU FXFHOHGLQWU RDOW  DU VHXWLOL]HD] XQ

LQGLFHGHJUXSGHSUH

a) de tip Laspeyres;
b) de tip Paasche;
c) de tip Fischer;
d) IRUPDWGXS PHWRGDVXEVWLWXLULLvQO Q XLWH
e) IRUPDWGXS PHWRGDUHVWXOXLQHGHVFRPSXV