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Tmkim

Hmnayl:

Cngnghnggibmt(SMT)
XuhngphttrinkhngthkhctiVitnam
uthng5/2008,tiHNisdinrahichtrinlmvcngnghipint.Khchthamquantrin
lmscchidinkinnhngcmy,nhngcngnghangngymgpphnvosphttrin
canncngnghipinttoncu.TheothngtindoTHnhnc,cchngsnxutthitbcho
nncngnghipintstptrungvogiithiuccdytruynhnlinhkinbmt.Nhnskinny
chngtixingitiqucgimtskhinimvcngnghtintinnyvimongmunrngchng
tascnhngkhinimcbnkhitipxcvicccmylmnnsthnhcngchobaotponin
thnguthgii.

Khinimvcngnghhnlinhkinbmt(SMT)
Cngnghhnlinhkinbmtlphngphpgncclinhkininttrctiplntrnbmtcabomch(PCB).Cclinh
kinintdnhringchocngnghnyctnvitttlSMD.Trongcngnghipint,SMTthaythphnlncng
nghnggilinhkintrntmPCBxuynltheolinhkinintccnhtrnbmtPCBbngphngphpxuyn
lvhnquaccbchnng.

LprplinhkintrnPCBtheocngnghxuynl

TheocngnghSMT

CngnghSMTcphttrinvonhngnm1960vcpdngmtcchrngrivocuinhng
nm1980.TponIBMcaHoakcthccoilngiitinphongtrongvicngdngcng
nghny.Lclinhkinintphicgiacngckhnhthmmtmukimloivohaiu
saochocthhntrctipchnglntrnbmtmchin.Kchthclinhkincgimxungkh
nhiuvvicgnlinhkinlntrnchaimtcaPCBlmchocngnghSMTtrlnthngdnghn
l cng ngh gn linh kin bng phng php xuyn l, cho php lm tng mt linh kin. Thng
thng,milinhkinccnhtrnbmtmchinbngmtdintchphchrtnh,vmtkia
catmPCBlinhkincngchccnhbngmtchmkemhntngt.Vldony,kchthc
vtlcalinhkinngycnggim.CngnghSMTcmctnghacao,khngihinhiu
nhncng,vcbitlmtngcngsutsnxut.

KthutgnchpCchngkhcnhaushunhngbquytvcquyncngnghkhcnhaukhichto
ccloimygnchptrndytruynSMT.Tuyvy,nhngcngontlcnpliuchotilcthnhphm(bocgnchp)
thtngigingnhau.Cccngonbaogm:1)quthpkimhn(kemhn)lntrnbomchtrnvoccvtrtrn
cmsnchnhnbngvng,thicch,bc2)gnchp,gnIC3)gianhitlmmt4)kimtravsali.

Quthpkimhn
Trnbmtmchinkhngcl,nhng
nilinhkincgnvo,ngitam
sncclpvtliudninnhthicch,
bchocvngnhngchititnycgi
lchnhn(haylpmhn).Sau,kem
hn,thngthydidngbtnholhn
hp ca hp kim hn (c thnh phn khc
nhau,tyvocngnghvitnghn)
v cc ht vt liu hn, c qut ln trn
bmtcamchin.trnhkemhndnh
lntrnnhngnikhngmongmunngi
taphisdngmtdngccbitgim
mtnkimloi(metalmaskhocstencil)
lmbngmngmngthpkhnggtrn
ngitagiacng,cthngnhngvtr
tng ng vi ni t chp trn bo mch
bng cch ny, kem hn s c qut vo
cc v tr mong mun. Nu cn phi gn
linh kin ln mt cn li ca bo mch,
ngi ta phi s dng mt thit b iu
khin s t cc chm vt liu c tnh
bm dnh cao vo cc v tr t linh kin.
Saukhikemhncphlntrnbmt,
bomchscchuynsangmytchp
(pickandplacemachine).

(mumtnkimloi)

Gnchp,gnIC
Cc linh kin SMDs, kch thc nh, thng c chuyn ti ti dy
truyntrnbngcha(bnggiyhocnha)xoayquanhmttrcno
.TrongkhiIClithngcchatrongcckhayngring.
Mygpchipciukhinssgccchiptrnkhaychavt
chnglntrnbmtPCBnicqutkemhn.Cclinhkin
mtdicabomchcgnlntrc,vccchmkeocsy
khnhanhbngnhithocbngbcxUV.Saubomchclt
livmygnlinhkinthchinntccphncnlitrnbmtbo.

Gianhitlmmt

Saukhiqutrnhgp,gnlinhkinhontt,bomchcchuyntil
sy.utinccbotinvovngsysbnimnhitcabo
vmilinhkintnginguvcnnglnmtcchtt.
Vicnylmgimthiungsutnhitkhikhiqutrnhlprpktthc
saukhihn.Bomchsautinvovngvinhitlncth
lmnngchycchtvtliuhntrongkemhn,hncculinhkin
lntrnbomch.Sccngbmtcakemhnnngchygipcholinh
kinkhnglchvtr,vnunhbmtalcachnhncch
tonhthitk,sccngbmtstngiuchnhlinhkinvng
vtrcan..

(thitbgnchpSM421ca
Samsung)
Cnhiukthutdngchovicgianhit,bomchsauqutrnhgp,gn.Nhngkthutmtathnggpsdngnhng
ngoi,khnng.TrnghpcbitngitacthsdngchtlngCF4vinhitsiln.kthutnycgilgia.
Phngphpnykhngcnlutinsmtkhixydngccnhmy.Hinnayngitasdngnhiukhnitchohoc
khnngiunittrongcclilu.Dnhin,miphngphpcnhnguimvnhcimring.Viphngphp
dngIR,ksthitkphibtrlinhkintrnbosaochonhnglinhkinthphnkhngrivovngcacclinhkincao
hn.Nungithitkbittrccccchutrnhnhithocqutrnhhniluthanhtasddnghntrongvicbtr
cclinhkingntrnbo.Vimtsthitk,ngitaphihnthcnghoclpthmcclinhkincbit,hocltngha
bngcchsdngccthitbhngngoitptrung.Sauqutrnhhnccbomchphicragbnhngphnvtliu
hncndnhtrnvbtkmtvinvtliuhnnotrnbmtbocngcthlmngnmchcahthng.Ccvtliuhn
khcnhaucrabngcchachtkhcnhauctyrabngccdungmikhcnhau.Phncnlildungmihatan
crabngncschvlmkhnhanhbngkhngkhnn.Nukhngchtrngtihnhthcvvtliuhnkhnggy
hintngngnmchhocnmn,bclmschnycthlkhngcnthit,titkimchiphvgimthiunhimchtthi.

Kimtravsali
Cuicngbomchcasangbphnkimtraquanghcphthinlibstlinhkinhocsacclivtrcalinhkn.
Trongtrnghpcnthit,chngtacthlptthmmtstrmkimtraquanghcchodytruyncngnghsaochocth
phthinlisautngmicngon..

(hnhnhkimtrasnphmsauqutrnhhnnhitbngXray)

cngonnychngtacthsdngccmyAOI(automatedOpticalInspection)quanghchocs
dngXray.Ccthitbnychophpphthincclivtr,litipxccacclinhkinvkemhn
trnbmtcamchin.

LiimkhisdngcngnghSMT
Linhkinnhhn
CnphitorarttltrongqutrnhchtoPCB
Qutrnhlprpnginhn
Nhnglinhgpphitrongqutrnhnggichiuchnhtng(sccngbmtca
kemhnnngchylmlchvtrcalinhkinrakhivtrcachnhntrnbomch)
Cthgnlinhkinlntrnhaimtcabomch
Lmgimtrvkhngcalpchtipxc(lmtnghiunngcacclinhkincaotn)
Tinhnngchubnbhntrongiukinbvapvrunglc
GilinhkinchocngnghSMTthngrhngilinhkinchocngnghxuynl
Cchiungcaotn(RF)khngmongmuntxyrahnkhisdngcngnghSMTsovicc
linhkinchodngcngnghhnch,toiukinthunlichovicdonccctuynca
linhkin.
CngnghSMTrai,thaythdndncngnghnggixuynl,iunykhngcnghalSMThontonltng.
NhngimcnphikhcphccngnghnylqutrnhcngnghchtoSMTcngphuhnnhiusovivicsdng
cngnghnggixuynl,utbanutngilnvtnthigiantrongviclpththng.
Dokchthclinhkinrtnh,phngiicacclinhkintrnbolrtcaonnvicnghincu,trinkhaicngnghny
mtcchthcngslmchotlsaihngtngilnvtnkm.
HinnayccsnphmSMTtngiadngpngccnhucutthcngtitnghahonton.Hunhcchng
snxutthitbSMThnguthgiiuthamgiatrinlmlnnynhSamsungSMT,Speedline(M)hayJuki(Nhtbn).
VisxuthincasnphmSMT,vixuhngdchchuynut,VitNamchcchnstrthnhnhngqucgiacnn
cngnghipintphttrintrongkhuvcvtrnthgiitrongtnglaikhngxa.

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