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Centroids and Moment of Inertia
Centroids and Moment of Inertia
Centroids
x=
x A
i
i=1
n
i=1
y=
y A
i =1
n
A
i =1
z=
z A
i
i=1
n
i=1
I z = I z + Ay 2
3
P07_045
P07_045
An Example
Lets
x A
i =1
n
1 in
1in
3 in
6
A
i =1
1 in
An Example
We
x=
1 in
x A
i =1
n
i =1
1 in
1 in
1in
3 in
7
An Example
There
x=
1 in
x A
i =1
n
1 in
1in
8
3 in
A
i =1
1 in
An Example
We
x=
1 in
x A
i =1
n
i =1
1 in
1 in
1in
Centroid and Moment of Inertia3Calculations
in
An Example
There
x A
i =1
n
1 in
1in
3 in
10
A
i =1
1 in
An Example
First,
x A
1 in
i =1
n
A
i =1
1 in
A1
1 in
1in
11
3 in
An Example
A
x=
1 in
1 in
A1
1in
3 in
Centroid and Moment of Inertia Calculations
1 in
A
i =1
A2
12
x A
i =1
n
An Example
A
x=
1 in
1 in
A1
i =1
n
i =1
A3
A2
x A
1 in
1in
3 in
13
An Example
Finally,
x=
1 in
1 in
A1
A4
1in
14
3 Calculations
in
Centroid and Moment of Inertia
i =1
n
1 in
A
i =1
A3
A2
x A
i
An Example
We
ID
A1
Area
(in2)
2
A2
A3
1.5
A4
-0.7854
1 in
A1
x=
A3
x A
i =1
A2
A4
i =1
n
1 in
1in
3 in
15
An Example
Now
ID
Area
2
xi
A1
(in )
2
(in)
0.5
A2
2.5
1.5
A3
A4
1 in
1 in
-0.7854 0.42441
A1
x=
A3
A4
A2
3 in
i =1
n
A
i =1
1in
16
x A
i
1 in
An Example
To
ID
Area
xi
xi*Area
A1
(in )
2
(in)
0.5
(in )
1
A2
2.5
7.5
A3
1.5
A4
x=
1 in
1 in
A1
i =1
n
i =1
A3
x A
A2
A4
1 in
1in
17
3 in
An Example
If
ID
Area
xi
xi*Area
A1
(in2)
2
(in)
0.5
(in3)
1
A2
2.5
7.5
A3
1.5
A4
x=
1 in
1 in
A1
A2
1in
18
i =1
n
3 in
A
i =1
A3
A4
x A
i
1 in
An Example
And
ID
Area
xi
xi*Area
A1
(in )
2
(in)
0.5
(in3)
1
A2
2.5
7.5
A3
1.5
A4
x=
1 in
A1
x A
i =1
n
i =1
A3
A2
A4
1 in
1in
19
3 in
An Example
Dividing
ID
Area
xi
xi*Area
A1
(in2)
2
(in)
0.5
(in3)
1
A2
2.5
7.5
A3
1.5
A4
x=
1 in
1 in
A1
A2
1in
20
i =1
n
3 in
A
i =1
A3
A4
x A
i
1 in
An Example
You
ID
Area
xi
xi*Area
A1
(in2)
2
(in)
0.5
(in3)
1
A2
2.5
7.5
A3
1.5
A4
x=
1 in
1 in
A1
x A
i =1
n
i =1
A3
A2
A4
1 in
1in
21
3 in
An Example
We
ID
Area
xi
xi*Area
A1
(in2)
2
(in)
0.5
(in3)
1
A2
2.5
7.5
A3
1.5
A4
y=
1 in
1 in
A1
A2
1in
22
i =1
n
3 in
A
i =1
A3
A4
y A
i
1 in
An Example
Notice
ID
Area
xi
xi*Area
A1
(in2)
2
(in)
0.5
(in3)
1
A2
2.5
7.5
A3
1.5
A4
y=
1 in
1 in
A1
y A
i =1
n
i =1
A3
A2
A4
1 in
1in
23
3 in
An Example
We
ID
Area
xi
xi*Area
yi
A1
(in2)
2
(in)
0.5
(in3)
1
(in)
1
A2
2.5
7.5
0.5
A3
1.5
1.333333
A4
y=
y A
i =1
n
i =1
1 in
A1
A4
A3
A2
1in
24
3 in
1 in
An Example
Calculate
axis
ID
Area
xi
xi*Area
yi
yi*Area
A1
(in2)
2
(in)
0.5
(in3)
1
(in)
1
(in3)
2
A2
2.5
7.5
0.5
1.5
1.5
1.333333
A3
A4
y=
i =1
n
i =1
1 in
A1
1 in
y A
A3
A2
A4
1 in
1in
25
3 in
An Example
Sum
ID
Area
2
xi
xi*Area
3
yi
yi*Area
(in)
1
(in3)
2
(in )
2
(in)
0.5
(in )
1
A2
2.5
7.5
0.5
1.5
A3
1.5
1.333333
A1
A4
y=
y A
i =1
n
A
i =1
1 in
1 in
A1
A4
A3
A2
1in
26
3 in
1 in
An Example
And
ID
Area
2
xi
xi*Area
yi
yi*Area
A1
(in )
2
(in)
0.5
(in )
1
(in)
1
(in3)
2
A2
2.5
7.5
0.5
1.5
1.5
1.333333
A3
A4
y=
A1
1 in
A4
y A
i =1
n
A
i =1
A2
3 in
I y = I y + Ax
I x = I x + Ay
28
A3
1in
27
1 in
I y = I y + Ax 2
I x = I x + Ay
29
I y = I y + Ax
I x = I x + Ay
30
Another Example
We
31
Another Example
y
6"
3"
6"
x
6"
32
Another Example
We
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
33
Another Example
Since the parallel axis theorem will require the area for
each section, that is a reasonable place to start
ID
I
II
III
Area
(in2)
36
9
27
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
34
Another Example
We can locate the centroid of each area with respect
the y axis.
ID
Area
xbari
(in2)
(in)
36
II
III
27
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
35
Another Example
From the table in the back of the book we find that the
moment of inertia of a rectangle about its y-centroid
axis is
3
y
6"
3"
y
1
I = bh
12
ID
36
Area
xbari
(in2)
(in)
36
II
III
27
6"
6
Centroid and Moment of Inertia Calculations
I
II
III
6"
Another Example
In this example, for Area I, b=6 and h=6
1
3
( 6in )( 6in )
12
I y = 108in 4
Iy =
ID
37
Area
xbari
(in2)
(in)
36
II
III
27
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
6
Centroid and Moment of Inertia Calculations
Another Example
For the first triangle, the moment of inertia calculation
isnt as obvious
y
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
38
Another Example
The way it is presented in the text, we can only find
the Ix about the centroid
6"
x 6"
3"
II
III
b
39
6"
Another Example
The change may not seem obvious but it is
just in how we orient our axis. Remember an
axis is our decision.
h
6"
6"
3"
II
b
III
6"
h
40
Another Example
So the moment of inertia of the II triangle can
be calculated using the formula with the
correct orientation.
1 3
bh
36
1
3
I y = ( 6in )( 3in )
36
I y = 4.5in 4
Iy =
41
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
Another Example
The same is true for the III triangle
1 3
bh
36
1
3
I y = ( 6in )( 9in )
36
I y = 121.5in 4
Iy =
42
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
Another Example
Now we can enter the Iybar for each sub-area into the
table
SubArea
Area
xbari
Iybar
(in2)
(in)
(in4)
36
108
II
4.5
III
27
121.5
43
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
Another Example
We can then sum the Iy and the A(dx)2 to get
the moment of inertia for eachy sub-area
6"
3"
6"
I
II
III
SubArea
44
Area
xbari
Iybar
A(dx)2
Iybar +
A(dx)2
(in2)
(in)
(in4)
(in4)
(in4)
36
108
324
432
II
4.5
441
445.5
III
27
121.5
972
1093.5
6"
(in2)
36
9
27
I
II
III
(in4)
108
4.5
121.5
(in)
3
7
6
(in4)
324
441
972
(in4)
432
445.5
1093.5
1971
Another Example
And if we sum that last column, we have the
Iy for the composite figure
y
6"
6"
3"
II
III
SubArea
Area
xbari
Iybar
A(dx)2
Iybar +
A(dx)2
(in2)
(in)
(in4)
(in4)
(in4)
36
108
324
432
II
4.5
441
445.5
III
27
121.5
972
1093.5
6"
1971
45
Another Example
We perform the same type analysis for the Ix
ID
I
II
III
46
Area
(in2)
36
9
27
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
Another Example
Locating the y-centroids from the x-axis
Sub-Area
Area
(in2)
36
9
27
I
II
III
47
ybari
(in)
3
2
-2
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
Another Example
Determining the Ix for each sub-area
Sub-Area
48
Area
ybari
Ixbar
(in2)
(in)
(in4)
36
108
II
18
III
27
-2
54
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
Another Example
Making the A(dy)2 multiplications
SubArea
6"
6"
3"
II
Area
ybari
Ixbar
(in2)
(in)
(in4)
(in4)
36
108
324
II
18
36
III
27
-2
54
108
49
III
)2
A(dy
6"
Another Example
Summing and calculating Ix
SubArea
Area
)2
A(dy
Ixbar +
A(dy)2
ybari
Ixbar
(in2)
(in)
(in4)
(in4)
(in4)
36
108
324
432
II
18
36
54
III
27
-2
54
108
162
648
50
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
Homework Problem 1
Calculate the centroid of the composite shape in reference to the bottom of the
shape and calculate the moment of inertia about the centroid z-axis.
51
Homework Problem 2
Calculate the centroid of the composite shape in reference to the bottom of the
shape and calculate the moment of inertia about the centroid z-axis.
52
Homework Problem 3
Calculate the centroid of the composite shape in reference to the bottom of the
shape and calculate the moment of inertia about the centroid z-axis.
53