Hong Minh Qun - GV.

THPT Ngc To - H Ni
BT NG THC BLUNDON V NG DNG
Bt ng thc Blundon v h qu ca n l bt ng thc Gerretsen l hai trong nhiu
bt ng thc ni ting v c nhiu ng dng. Tuy nhin chuyn v cc bt ng
thc ny cn cha c nhiu. Bi vit sau y nhm khai thc v trnh by mt s ng
dng ca hai bt ng thc ni ting ny cng nhiu tng lin quan n chng
thng qua cc v d minh ho. Tc gi hi vng chuyn ny s to s thch th i
vi cc thy c gio v cc em hc sinh trong ging dy v hc tp.
I. PHT BIU V CHNG MINH BT NG THC BLUNDON.
nh l.
Cho tam gic ABC vi di cc cnh BC = a, CA = b, AB = c v R, r, p ln lt l
bn knh ng trn ngoi tip, ni tip, na chu vi tam gic ABC. Khi ta c
p
p
2R2 +10Rrr2 2(R2r) R(R 2r) p2 2R2 +10Rrr2 +2(R2r) R(R 2r)
Chng minh
Li gii bng i s
Bt ng thc Blundon dc tm thy u tin vo nm 1851 bi nh ton hc
E.Rouche nhng li gii n gin cho n phi n nm 1965 Blundon mi tm ra
v da vo ba yu t p, R, r ca tam gic, thng qua phng trnh bc ba v cc h
thc hnh hc. Sau y chng ti xin trnh by li gii i s nh th.
t S1 , S2 , S3 ln lt l cc tng i xng theo cc cnh a, b, c ca tam gic ABC.
Ta c
S1 = a + b + c = 2p.
S3 = abc = 4pRr.
Ta tnh S2 = ab + bc + ca theo p, R, r.
p
Ta c S = pr = p(p a)(p b)(p c), suy ra
(p a)(p b)(p c)
p
3
2
p p (a + b + c) + p(ab + bc + ca) abc
=
p

r2 =

= p2 + S2 4Rr

Do S2 = p2 + 4Rr + r2 .
Thc hin bin i v rt gn, chng ta c
(a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2 = S12 S22 4S23 4S13 S3 + 18S1 S2 S3 27S32
= 4r2 [(p2 2R2 10Rr + r2 )2 4R(R 2r)3 ]
Do
(p2 2R2 10Rr + r2 )2 4R(R 2r)3
tng ng
p
p
2R2 +10Rrr2 2(R2r) R(R 2r) p2 2R2 +10Rrr2 +2(R2r) R(R 2r)
1

Li gii bng hnh hc

Li gi i s c t nm 1965 v phi tri qua 43 nm, tc l nm 2008 Dorin Andrica
v Catalin Barbu trong mt bi bo ca mnh a ra li gii hnh hc trn vn cho
bt ng thc Blundon.
Cho tam gic ABC, vi O l tm ng trn ngoi tip, I l tm ng trn ni tip,
G l trng tm v N l im Nagel, p l na chu vi ,R, r l bn knh ng trn ngoi
tip, ni tip ca tam gic ABC.
Chng ta bit khong cch OI c cho bi cng thc sau
OI 2 = R2 2Rr

(1)

Trong cun sch ca T.Andreescu v D.Andrica [1, Theorem 4, pp.112-113]c cp

v chng minh khong cch ON cho bi cng thc sau
ON = R 2r

(2)

T (2) cho ta bt ng thc Eule R 2r.

Mt chng minh s dng s phc trong cun sch ca T.Andreescu v D.Andrica [1,
Theorem 6, pp.113-114] a ra
OG2 = R2

a2 + b 2 + c 2
9

(3)

v trong tam gic ABC th ta lun c h thc

a2 + b2 + c2 = 2(p2 r2 4Rr)

(4)

Cng thc (4) c th c tm thy trong cun sch Phng trnh bc ba v cc h

thc hnh hc ca tc gi T Duy Phng.
nh l: Gi s rng tam gic ABC khng u. Khi
cos ION =

2R2 + 10Rr r2 p2

2(R 2r) R2 2Rr

(5)

Chng minh nh l

Chng ta bit rng ba im N, G, I thng hng v cng nm trn ng thng Nagel

v c N I = 3GI (xem trong [1, Theorem 3, p.108-109]). p dng nh l Stewart trong
tam gic ION , ta c
ON 2 .GI + OI 2 .N G OG2 .N I = GI.GN.N I
tng ng
ON 2 .GI + OI 2 .2GI OG2 .3GI = 6GI 3
2

tng ng
ON 2 + 2OI 2 3OG2 = 6GI 2

(6)

Thay (1), (2) v (3) vo (6), ta c

1 2(p2 r2 4Rr)
1 a2 + b 2 + c 2
8Rr + 4r2 ) = (
8Rr + 4r2 )
GI 2 = (
6
3
6
3
T N I 2 = 9GI 2 = 5r2 + p2 16Rr. p dng nh l Cosin trong tam gic ION ta c
cos ION =

ON 2 + OI 2 N I 2
(R 2r)2 + (R2 2Rr) (p2 + 5r2 16Rr)

=
2ON.OI
2(R 2r) R2 2Rr

tng ng
cos ION =

2R2 + 10Rr r2 p2

2(R 2r) R2 2Rr

Ch : Nu tam gic ABC u th cc im I, O, N trng nhau v tam gic ION suy

bin thnh im. Khi cos ION = 1.
Nh vy ta c 1 cos ION 1 suy ra
p
p
2R2 +10Rrr2 2(R2r) R(R 2r) p2 2R2 +10Rrr2 +2(R2r) R(R 2r).
II.NG DNG BT NG THC BLUNDON VO GII TON.
Trong cc bi ton sau xt trong tam gic ABC, chng ta s dng cc k hiu:
a, b, c l di cc cnh.
p, R, r ln lt l na chu vi, bn knh ng trn ngoi tip, ni tip ca tam gic
ABC.
ma , mb , mc : di cc ng trung tuyn ln lt xut pht t cc nh A, B, C.
ha , hb , hc : di cc ng cao h t cc nh A, B, C.
ra , rb , rc : Ln lt l bn knh cc ng trn bng tip cc gc A, B, C.
Bi ton 1
Vi mi tam gic ABC, bt ng thc sau ng
27r2

27Rr
16Rr 5r2 p2 .
2

Chng minh
27Rr
27Rr
v
16Rr 5r2 u tng ng vi
2
2
bt ng thc R 2r. (ng theo bt ng thc Eule).
p
Mt khc ta c R2 2Rr R2 2Rr + r2 nn R(R 2r) R r.
p dng bt ng thc Blundon, ta c
p
p2 2R2 + 10Rr r2 2(R 2r) R(R 2r)
D thy cc bt ng thc 27r2

2R2 + 10Rr r2 2(R 2r)(R r)

16Rr 5r2 .
Bi ton 2
Vi mi tam gic ABC, bt ng thc sau ng
p2 4R2 + 4Rr + 3r2
3

27R2
.
4

Chng minh
p
Ta c R2 2Rr R2 2Rr + r2 nn R(R 2r) R r.
p dng bt ng thc Blundon, ta c
p
p2 2R2 + 10Rr r2 + 2(R 2r) R(R 2r)
2R2 + 10Rr r2 + 2(R 2r)(R r)
= 4R2 + 4Rr + 3r2 .
Mt khc ta c bt ng thc
4R2 + 4Rr + 3r2

27R2
4

tng ng
(R 2r)(11R + 6r) 0
tng ng
R 2r

(lun ng).

Nhn xt: T kt qu ca bi ton 1 v bi ton 2, chng ta thu c bt ng thc

16Rr 5r2 p2 4R2 + 4Rr + 3r2
ay chnh l bt ng thc Gerretsen ni ting.
Bi ton 3
Vi mi tam gic ABC, bt ng thc sau ng
24Rr 12r2 a2 + b2 + c2 8R2 + 4r2 .
Chng minh
p
Ta c R2 2Rr R2 2Rr + r2 nn R(R 2r) R r.
p dng bt ng thc Blundon, ta c
p
p2 2R2 + 10Rr r2 2(R 2r) R(R 2r)
2R2 + 10Rr r2 2(R 2r)(R r)
16Rr 5r2 .
Do
a2 + b2 + c2 = 2(p2 r2 4Rr) 2(16Rr 5r2 r2 4Rr) = 24Rr 12r2 .
Mt khc p dng bt ng thc Blundon, ta c
p2 2R2 + 10Rr r2 + 2(R 2r)

p
R(R 2r)

2R2 + 10Rr r2 + 2(R 2r)(R r)

= 4R2 + 4Rr + 3r2 .
Do
a2 + b2 + c2 = 2(p2 r2 4Rr) 2(4R2 + 4Rr + 3r2 r2 4Rr) = 8R2 + 4r2 .
4

Bi ton 4
Vi mi tam gic ABC, bt ng thc sau ng
2r(5R r)
2(R + r)2
ha + hb + hc
.
R
R
Chng minh
p dng bt ng thc Gerretsen th nht ta c
ha + hb + hc =

p2 + r2 + 4Rr
16Rr 5r2 + r2 + 4Rr
2r(5R r)

=
.
2R
2R
R

p dng bt ng thc Gerretsen th hai ta c

ha + hb + hc =

p2 + r2 + 4Rr
4R2 + 4Rr + 3r2 + r2 + 4Rr
2(R + r)2

=
.
2R
2R
R

Bi ton 5
Vi mi tam gic ABC, bt ng thc sau ng
r(5R r)
(R + r)2

sin
A
sin
B
+
sin
B
sin
C
+
sin
C
sin
A

.
R2
R2
Chng minh
p dng bt ng thc Gerretsen th nht ta c
sin A sin B+sin B sin C+sin C sin A =

p2 + r2 + 4Rr
16Rr 5r2 + r2 + 4Rr
r(5R r)

=
.
2
2
4R
4R
R2

p dng bt ng thc Gerretsen th hai ta c

sin A sin B+sin B sin C+sin C sin A =

4R2 + 4Rr + 3r2 + r2 + 4Rr

(R + r)2
p2 + r2 + 4Rr

=
.
4R2
4R2
R2

Bi ton 6
Vi mi tam gic ABC, bt ng thc sau ng
r(5R r)
(R + r)2
2
2
2

sin
A
+
sin
B
+
sin
C

.
R2
R2
Chng minh
p dng bt ng thc Gerretsen th nht ta c
sin2 A + sin2 B + sin2 C =

p2 r2 4Rr
16Rr 5r2 r2 4Rr
3r(2R r)

=
.
2
2
2R
2R
R2

p dng bt ng thc Gerretsen th hai ta c

sin2 A + sin2 B + sin2 C =

p2 r2 4Rr
4R2 + 4Rr + 3r2 r2 4Rr
2R2 + r2

=
.
2R2
2R2
R2

Bi ton 7
Vi mi tam gic ABC, bt ng thc sau ng
ra rb rc r(2R r)(4R + r).
5

Chng minh
Do ra rb rc = p2 r nn bt ng thc cn chng minh c vit li thnh
p2 (2R r)(4R + r)
p dng bt ng thc Gerretsen, ta c
p2 4R2 + 4Rr + 3r2
By gi ta ch cn chng minh
4R2 + 4Rr + 3r2 (2R r)(4R + r)
tng ng
(R 2r)(2R + r) 0

(lun ngtheo bt ng thc Eule).

Bi ton 8
Vi mi tam gic ABC, bt ng thc sau ng
b2
c2
R(16R 5r)
a2
+
+

.
b+ca c+ab a+bc
p
Chng minh
Ta c

Do

a2
a[(p a) + p]
ap
=
=
a.
pa
pa
pa

a2
b2
c2
+
+
=p
pa pb pc

a
b
c
+
+
pa pb pc


2p.

p dng cc ng thc
ab + bc + ca = p2 + r2 + 4Rr,
(p a)(p b)(p c) = pr2 ,
abc = 4pRr.
Chng ta c
a2
b2
c2
4p(R r
4p2 (R r)
+
+
=
=
.
pa pb pc
r
pr
p dng bt ng thc Gerretsen th nht p2 16Rr 5r2 , ta c
a2
b2
c2
4p(R r
4p2 (R r)
4(16Rr 5r2 )(R r)
+
+
=
=

pa pb pc
r
pr
pr
tng ng
a2
b2
c2
4(16R r)(R r)
+
+

pa pb pc
p
tng ng
a2
b2
c2
(16R r)(2R 2r)
+
+

b+ca c+ab a+bc

p
6

p dng bt ng thc Eule R 2r hay 2r R, ta c

a2
b2
c2
R(16R r)
+
+

.
b+ca c+ab a+bc
p
Bi ton 9( Hadwiger-Finsler)
Cho a, b, c l ba cnh ca tam gic. Chng minh rng

a2 + b2 + c2 (a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2 + 4 3S

Chng minh
Bt ng thc cho c vit li thnh

2ab + 2bc + 2ca a2 b2 c2 4 3S.

S dng cc ng nht thc ab+bc+ca = p2 +r2 +4Rr v a2 +b2 +c2 = 2p2 2r2 8Rr,
bt ng thc cn chng minh tng ng

4r2 + 16Rr 4 3S
tng ng
r2 + 4Rr
tng ng
r + 4R

3rp

3p = 3p2 r2 + 8Rr + 16R2

p dng bt ng thc Gerretsen p2 4R2 + 4Rr + 3r2 , ta cn chng minh

12R2 + 12Rr + 9r2 r2 + 8Rr + 16R2
tng ng
= 2r2 + Rr R2
tng ng
(R 2r)(R + r) 0
Bi ton 10(Virgil Nicula, Mathematical Reflections 2007)
Cho a, b, c l di cc cnh ca tam gic ABC. Chng minh rng
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) + (b + c a)(c + a b)(a + b c) 9abc
Chng minh
p dng ng thc
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) = (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)abc
vi ch
ab + bc + ca = p2 + 4Rr + r2
ta c
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) = 2p(p2 + r2 + 2Rr)

ngoi ra, ta cn c ng thc

(b + c a)(c + a b)(a + b c) = 8pr2
Bt ng thc cn chng minh c vit li thnh
2p(p2 + r2 + 2Rr) + 8pr2 9abc
tng ng
p2 + 5r2 + 2Rr

9abc
a+b+c

tng ng
p2 + 5r2 + 2Rr

36Rrp
2p

tng ng
p2 + 5r2 16Rr
Bt ng thc cui ng theo bt ng thc Gerretsen.
Bi ton 11
Cho tam gic ABC nhn. Chng minh rng
3
2(cos A cos B + cos B cos C + cos C cos A) cos A + cos B + cos C .
2
Chng minh
Ta c ng thc
cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 +

r
R

p dng bt ng thc Eule R 2r, ta c

cos A + cos B + cos C

3
2

Mt khc li c
cos A cos B + cos B cos C + cos C cos A =

p2 + r2 4R2
4R2

Ta cn chng minh
p2 + r2 4R2
r
1+
2
2R
R
tng ng
p2 + r2 6R2 + 2Rr
p dng bt ng thc Gerretsen p2 4R2 + 4Rr + 3r2 , ta c
p2 + r2 4R2 + 4Rr + 4r2
Ta ch cn chng minh
4R2 + 4Rr + 4r2 6R2 + 2Rr
tng ng
(R 2r)(R + r) ge0
8

Bt ng thc cui ng do bt ng thc Eule R 2r.

Bi ton 12
Cho tam gic ABC. Chng minh rng
(b2 + c2 )2 2 (c2 + a2 )2 2 (a2 + b2 )2 2
sa +
sb +
sc 48p2 r2 .
bc
ca
ab
2bc
ma
+ c2
Chng minh
p dng cng thc ng trung tuyn
vi sa =

b2

m2a =

b 2 + c 2 a2

2
4

ta c
(b2 + c2 )2 2 (b2 + c2 )2
sa =
bc
bc

2bc
b2 + c 2

2 

b 2 + c 2 a2

2
4

= bc(2b2 + 2c2 a2 )

Tng t ta c
(c2 + a2 )2 2
(a2 + b2 )2 2
sb = ca(2c2 + 2a2 b2 );
sc = ab(2a2 + 2b2 c2 )
ca
ab
Bt ng thc cn chng minh c vit li thnh
bc(2b2 + 2c2 a2 ) + ca(2c2 + 2a2 b2 ) + ab(2a2 + 2b2 c2 ) 48p2 r2 .
tng ng
2(a2 + b2 + c2 )(ab + bc + ca) 3abc(a + b + c) 48p2 r2 .
p dng cc ng thc
a2 + b2 + c2 = 2(p2 r2 4Rr),
ab + bc + ca = p2 + 4Rr + r2 , abc = 4pRr
ta a bt ng thc v dng
4(p2 r2 4Rr)(p2 + r2 + 4Rr) 24p2 Rr 48p2 r2 0
tng ng
p4 (r2 + 4Rr)2 6p2 Rr 12p2 r2 0
tng ng
p2 (p2 6Rr 12r2 ) (r2 + 4Rr)2
p dng bt ng thc Gerretsen p2 16Rr 5r2 , ta c
(16Rr 5r2 )(10Rr 17r2 ) (4Rr + r2 )2
tng ng
(16R 5r)(10R 17r) (4R + r)2
9

tng ng
(24R 7r)(R 2r) 0
lun ng v theo bt ng thc Eule R 2r.
Bi ton 13
Cho tam gic ABC nhn. Chng minh rng
1
1
1
36R2
+
+
2
12.
cos A cos B cos B cos C cos C cos A
p + r2 4R2
Chng minh
p dng bt ng thc Cauchy-Schawz, ta c
1
1
9
1
+
+

.
cos A cos B cos B cos C cos C cos A
cos A cos B + cos B cos C + cos C cos A
S dng ng nht thc
cos A cos B + cos B cos C + cos C cos A =
. ta c

p2 + r2 4R2
4R2

1
1
36R2
1
+
+
2
.
cos A cos B cos B cos C cos C cos A
p + r2 4Rr

By gi ta chng minh
36R2
12
p2 + r2 4R2
tng ng
3R2 p2 + r2 4R2 s2 + r2 7R2
p dng bt ng thc Gerretsen p2 4R2 + 4Rr + 3r2 , chng ta c
4R2 + 4Rr + 4r2 7R2 4Rr + 4r2 3R2 (R 2r)(3R + 2r) 0
lun ng theo bt ng thc Eule.
Bi ton 14
Cho tam gic ABC. Chng minh rng
(cos A + cos B + cos C)2 sin A sin B + sin B sin C + sin C sin A
Chng minh
S dng cc ng nht thc
cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 +
v

r
R

ab + ac + bc
p2 + 4Rr + r2
=
4R2
4R2
Bt ng thc cn chng minh c vit li thnh
sin A sin B + sin B sin C + sin C sin A =

r 2 p2 + 4Rr + r2
1+

R
4R2
10

tng ng
4(r + R)2 p2 + r2 + 4rR 3r2 + 4rR + 4R2 p2
ng theo bt ng thc Gerretsen.
Bi ton 15
Cho tam gic ABC nhn. Chng minh rng
cos B
cos C
cos A
+
+
1
1 + cos B 1 + cos C 1 + cos A
Chng minh
p dng bt ng thc Cauchy-Schwarz, ta c
X

X
cos A
cos2 A
(cos A + cos B + cos C)2
P
=
P
1 + cos B
cos A + cos A cos B
cos A + cos A cos B

S dng cc ng nht thc

cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 +
cos A cos B + cos B cos C + cos C cos A =
ta c
X

r
R
p2 + r2 4R2
4R2

cos A
4(R + r)2
2
1 + cos B
p + r2 + 4Rr

Ta cn chng minh bt ng thc

4(R + r)2
1
p2 + r2 + 4Rr
p dng bt ng thc Gerretsen p2 4R2 + 4Rr + 3r2 , ta c
4(R + r)2
4(R + r)2

=1
p2 + r2 + 4Rr
4R2 + 4r2 + 8Rr
Bi ton 16
Cho ba s x, y, z > 0 tho mn x2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2xyz = 1. Chng minh rng
(x + y + z) (xy + yz + zx)

3
4

Chng minh
t x = cos A, y = cos B, z = cos C , t iu kin x2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2xyz = 1 suy ra
A, B, C l ba gc tam gic ABC.
S dng cc ng thc
cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 +

r
;
R

cos A cos B + cos B cos C + cos C cos A =

ta a bt ng thc v dng
1+

r
p2 4Rr + r2
3

2
R
4R
4
11

p2 4Rr + r2
4R2

tng ng
p2 5R2 + 4Rr r2
p dng bt ng thc Gerretsen p2 4R2 + 4Rr + 3r2 , ta cn chng minh
4R2 + 4Rr + 3r2 5R2 + 4Rr r2
tng ng
(R 2r)(R + 2r) 0
Bt ng thc cui lun ng theo bt ng thc Eule.
Bi ton 17
Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tho mn a2 + b2 + c2 + abc = 4. Chng minh rng
X
p
p
4 a2 3(8 + abc).
3 3(a + b + c 2)
Chng minh
t a = 2 cos A, b = 2 cos B, c = 2 cos C, th
X

4 a2 = 2(sin A + sin B + sin C) =

v
abc = 8 cos A cos B cos C = 8

p2 (2R + r)2
4R2

Trc ht ta chng minh

X

p
4 a2 3 3(a + b + c 2)

tng ng
p
2p
3 6(cos A + cos B + cos C 1)
R
tng ng
r
2p
r
3 6
R
R
27Rr
p2
2
p dng bt ng thc Gerretsen,
p2 r(16R 5r)
Khi bt ng thc cn chng minh tng ng
r(16R 5r)

27
Rr 5Rr 10r2
2

Vy bt ng thc v tri c chng minh.

By gi ta chng minh bt ng thc v phi
X
p
4 a2 3(8 + abc).
tng ng
2p

r
24(1 +

p2 (2R + r)2
)
4R2

12

2p
R

tng ng


s2
s2 (2R + r)2
6 1+
R2
4R2
tng ng
p2 12Rr + 3r2
p dng bt ng thc Gerretsen,
s2 r(16R 5r)
Ta cn chng minh
r(16R 5r) 12Rr + 3r2
tng ng
R 2r
Bi ton 18
Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tho mn ab + bc + ca = 1. Chng minh rng
a2 + b2 + c2 + abc(a + b + c)

4
3

Chng minh
t a = tan A2 , b = tan B2 v c = tan C2 , vi A, B, C l ba nh ca tam gic ABC.
Bt ng thc cn chng minh c vit li thnh
tan2

A
B
C
A
B
C
4
A
B
C
+ tan2 + tan2 + tan tan tan (tan + tan + tan )
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3

S dng cc ng thc
A
B
C
tan
+ tan2 + tan2 =
2
2
2
2

4R + r
p

2
2,

B
C
A
tan tan = rp,
2
2
2
A
B
C
4R + r
tan + tan + tan =
2
2
2
p
tan

Bt ng thc cn chng minh tng ng


2
4R + r
4R + r
4
2 + rp(
)
p
p
3
Khai trin v thu gn ta c bt ng thc tng ng
5p2 24R2 + 18Rr + 3r2
, p dng bt ng thc Gerretsen p2 4R2 + 4Rr + 3r2 , ta ch cn chng minh
20R2 + 20Rr + 15r2 24R2 + 18Rr + 3r2
tng ng (2R + 3r)(R 2r) 0.
Bt ng thc cui ng theo bt ng thc Eule.
13

Nhn xt: i vi bt ng thc i xng ba bin dng a, b, c m khng c iu

kin g thm, th ta t x = b + c, y = c + a, z = a + b. Khi x, y, z di ba cnh
ca tam gic XY Z.
1) x2 + y 2 + z 2 = (a + b)2 + (b + c)2 + (c + a)2 = 2(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca)
(1)

xy + yz + zx = (a + b)(b + c) + (b + c)(c + a) + (c + a)(a + b)

= a2 + b2 + c2 + 3(ab + bc + ca)

(2)

T (1) v (2), ta c
4(a2 + b2 + c2 ) = 3(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) 2(xy + yz + zx) = 4p2 2(16Rr + 4r2 )
tng ng
a2 + b2 + c2 = p2 8Rr 2r2 .
2) 4(ab + bc + ca) = 2(xy + yz + zx) (x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) = 16Rr + 4r2 tng ng
ab + bc + ca = 4Rr + r2 .
3)8abc = (x + y z)(y + z x)(z + x y) tng ng abc = (p x)(p y)(p z) = pr2 .
4)
a3 + b3 + c3 = (a + b + c)[(a2 + b2 + c2 ) (ab + bc + ca)] + 3abc
= p(p2 8Rr 2r2 4Rr r2 ) + 3pr2 = p(p2 12Rr).
Bi ton 19
Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
4(a2 + b2 + c2 )
8(a3 + b3 + c3 )

1
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
ab + bc + ca
Chng minh
t x = b + c, y = c + a, z = a + b. Khi x, y, z di ba cnh ca tam gic XY Z.
S dng cc ng nht thc
a3 + b3 + c3 = p(p2 12Rr), a2 + b2 + c2 = p2 8Rr 2r2 ,
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) = 4pRr, ab + bc + ca = 4Rr + r2 .
Ta a v chng minh bt ng thc
8p(p2 12Rr)
4(p2 8Rr 2r2 )

1
4pRr
4Rr + r2
tng ng
2p2
4p2
24
9
Rr
4Rr + r2
tng ng
4p2
2p2

+ 15
Rr
4Rr + r2
tng ng
p2

15Rr(4R + r)
2(2R + r)
14

p dng bt ng thc Gerretsen p2 16Rr 5r2 , ta cn chng minh

16Rr 5r2

15Rr(4R + r)
2(2R + r)

tng ng
4R2 3Rr 10r2 0
tng ng
(R 2r)(4R + 5r) 0
lun ng theo bt ng thc Eule R 2r.
Bi ton 20(Iran 1996)
Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
1
1
1
9
.
+
+

2
2
2
(x + y)
(y + z)
(z + x)
4(xy + yz + zx)
Chng minh
c+ab
a+bc
b+ca
,y =
,z =
,ta c a, b, c l di ba cnh ca
t x =
2
2
2
tam gic. Vi php t trn, bt ng thc cho c vit li nh sau
!

X
1
1
1
(b + c a)(c + a b)
+ 2 + 2 9
2
a
b
c
cyc
S dng cc ng thc
a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 = (p2 4Rr r2 )2 + 4r2 p2 ,
!
X
(b + c a)(c + a b) = 4r(4R + r)
cyc

ta a bt ng thc cn chng minh v dng

4r(4R + r)[(p2 4Rr r2 )2 + 4r2 p2 ]
9.
16p2 R2 r2
tng ng
(4R + r)[(p2 4Rr r2 )2 + 4r2 p2 ] 36p2 R2 r
tng ng
(p2 16Rr+5r2 )2 (4R+r)+(p2 16Rr+5r2 )[12Rr(5Rr)+4r2 (R2r)]+4r3 (R2r)2 0.
p dng bt ng thc Gerretsen p2 16Rr 5r2 v bt ng thc Eule R 2r th
bt ng thc cui ng.

15

 cng c, sau y xin mi bn c lm mt s bi ton t luyn.

BI TP T LUYN
Bi tp 1: Cho tam gic ABC nhn. Chng minh rng
sin2 A + sin2 B + sin2 C (cos A + cos B + cos C)2 .
Bi tp 2: Cho tam gic ABC nhn. Chng minh rng
p
tan A + tan B + tan C .
r
Bi tp 3: Cho tam gic ABC. Chng minh rng
cos B
cos C
1
cos A
+
+

4 + cos B 4 + cos C 4 + cos A

3
Bi tp 4.:Chng minh vi mi ABC,ta c
a2 + b 2 + c 2
1
1
1
a2 + b 2 + c 2

+
+

2rp
sin A sin B sin C
Rp
Bi tp 5: Cho tam gic ABC c di ba cnh l a, b, c. Chng minh rng
a
b
c
r
+
+
2
b+c c+a a+b
R
Bi tp 6: Cho tam gic ABC c di ba cnh l a, b, c. Chng minh rng
9(a2 + b2 + c2 )(ab + bc + ca) (a + b + c)4 .
Bi tp 7: Cho tam gic ABC c di ba cnh l a, b, c. Chng minh rng
ab + bc + ca
4r
5R

16R 2r
(a + b + c)2
10r + R
Bi tp 8: Cho tam gic 4ABC. Chng minh rng
4R + r
ma mb mb mc mc ma
+
+

ab
bc
ca
4r
Bi tp 9: Cho ba s dng a,b,c tho mn a + b + c = 3. Chng minh rng
r
1 1 1
a2 + b 2 + c 2
+ + 1+2
a b c
3abc
Bi tp 10: Cho ba s thc dng a, b, c tho mn a2 + b2 + c2 + abc = 4. chng
minh rng
2(a + b + c) a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca

16

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Andreescu,T., Andrica, D.,Complex Number from A to..Z, Birkhauser, BostonBasel-Berlin, 2006. .
[2] Dospinescu, G.,Lascu, M., Pohoat a, C., Tetiva, M.,An Elementary proof of Blundons Inequality, JIPAM, Vol 9/2008.
[3]Bilarev, Blundons inequality - proof and some corollaries.
[4] Dorin Andrica and Catalin Barbu, geometric proof to Blundons inequalities.
[5] shan -he-wu and Zhi-Hua-Zhang, some strengthened results on Gerretsen,s inequalities.
[6] Dragoslav S. Mitrinovic, J. Pecaric, V. Volenec, Recent Advances in Geometric Inequalities, 1989.
[7] Nguyn Vn Mu, Phng php gii phng trnh v bt phng trnh,NXB Gio
dc,1993.
[8] m Vn Nh, Xy dng mt s kt qu v ng thc v bt ng thc trong tam
gic, Hi tho ton hc, Qung Ninh 2012.
[9] T Duy Phng, Phng trnh bc ba v cc h thc hnh hc trong tam gic, THTT
s 337/thng /2005.
[10] Hong Minh Qun, Xy dng mt s dng ng thc v bt ng thc trong tam
gic,Hi tho ton hc, Tuyn Quang, 2012.
[11] Hong Minh Qun, Phng trnh bc bn v cc h thc hnh hc trong t gic hai
tm,Hi tho ton hc, Nam nh, thng 10/2013.
[12] Hong Minh Qun, Phng trnh bc bn v cc h thc lng gic,Hi tho ton
hc, Bc Giang, thng 3/2014.
[13] Hong Minh Qun, Nhn bi ton bt ng thc Olimpic theo nhiu hng,Hi tho
ton hc, Ninh Bnh, thng 3/2013.
[14] Tp ch ton hc v tui tr.
[15] Tp ch AMM.
[16] Mt s ti liu trn mng internet.

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