1.

Menghitung Temperatur film pada condenser shell and tube

T f=
t a=

T i+T o
2

t i +t o
2

Dimana

Ti

= Temperatur Masuk Fluida Panas

[]

To

= Temperatur Keluar Fluida Panas

[]

ti

= Temperatur Masuk Fluida Dingin

[]

to

= Temperatur Keluar Fluida Dingin

[]

Tf

= Temperatur Film Fluida Panas

[]

ta

= Temperatur Film Fluida Panas

[]

2. Menghitung Heat Load

Q=W . ( H s H c )
Dimana

[ ]
Btu
h

= Heat Load

= Massa Aliran Fluida

Hs

= Entalphy Steam

Hc

= Entalphy Condensate

[ ]
lb
hr

[ ]
Btu
lb

[ ]
Btu
lb

3. Menghitung Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

U=U 1 . F w . F m . F c
U

= Heat Transfer Coefficient

U1

= Uncorrected Heat Transfer Coefficient

Fw

= Faktor Koreksi Untuk Temperatur Air Masuk

Btu
ft hr
2

Btu
ft hr
2

Fm

= Faktor Koreksi Untuk Material Tube

Fc

= Cleanliness Factor

4. Menghitung LMTD

t ot i

LMTD=
ln

T it i
T it o

Dimana

LMTD

= Log Mean Temperature Difference

[]

5. Menghitung Luas Permukaan Condenser

A=

Q
U . LMTD

Dimana

= Luas Permukaan Condenser

[ ft 2 ]

6. Menghitung Circulating Water Flow

Flcw =

Q
500. ( t ot i )

Dimana

Flcw

= Circulating Water Flow [gpm]

7. Menghitung Jumlah Tube

N=

Fl cw . np
g .v

Dimana

= Jumlan Tube

np

= Jumlah Passes pada Shell

= gpm per tube at 1,0

= Velocity

8. Menghitung Panjang tube

L=

A
N .m

[ ft / s ]
[ ft / s ]

(from tube characteristic table)

Dimana

[ ft ]

= Panjang Tube

= Surface External, sq.ft per linear foot

(from tube characteristic

table)
9. Menghitung Temperatur Caloric Pada Tube

1
T c = (T i+T o )
2
1
t c = ( t i +t o )
2

Dimana

Ti

= Temperatur Masuk Fluida Panas

[]

To

= Temperatur Keluar Fluida Panas

[]

ti

= Temperatur Masuk Fluida Dingin

[]

to

= Temperatur Keluar Fluida Dingin

[]

Tc

= Temperatur Caloric Fluida Panas

[]

tc

= Temperatur Caloric Fluida Dingin

[]

10.Menentukan Bilangan Reynold Pada Sisi Tube

Re =

. IDt . v

Dimana

Re

= Bilangan Reynolds Pada Sisi Tube

= Masa Jenis Air

IDt = Diameter Dalam Tube

v

= Laju Alir Massa Air

= Dinamik Viskositas

[ ]
kg
m3

[m]

11.Menentukan Bilangan Nusselt Pada Sisi Tube

N u=0.023 Re 0,8 Prn

[ ]
[ ]
m
s

Pa
s

Dimana

Nu

= Bilangan Nusselt Pada Sisi Tube

Re

= Bilangan Reynolds Pada Sisi Tube

Pr

= Bilangan Prandlt

= 0,3 Untuk Pendinginan

12.Menghitung Koefisien Perpindahan Panas ( hi Pada Sisi Tube

hi=

N u k material
IDt

Dimana

hi

= Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Pipa Bagian Dalam

[ ]
W
m2

Nu

= Bilangan Nusselt

k material

= Konduktivitas Termal Material

[ ]
W
m2

IDt

= Diameter Dalam Tube

[m]

13.Menghitung Koefisien Perpindahan Panas( hio Pada Sisi Tube

hio =

ID t
.h
ODt i

Dimana

hio

= Koefisien Perpindahan Panas

IDt = Diameter Dalam Tube

ODt
hi

[ ]
W
2
m

[m]
[m]

= Diameter Luar Tube

= Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Pipa Bagian Dalam

[ ]
W
m2

14.Temperatur Dinding Pada Sisi Shell

T w =t a+

ho
( T t )
h io +h o i a

Dimana

Tw

= Temperatur Dinding Shell

[ ]

ta

= Temperatur Film Fluida Panas

[ ]

hio

= Koefisien Perpindahan Panas

ho

= Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Pada Sisi Luar Tube

Ti

= Temperatur Masuk Fluida Panas

W
2
m

T w+ T i
2

Dimana

tf

= Temperatur Film

Tw

= Temperatur Dinding

[ ]

Ti

= Temperatur Masuk Fluida Panas

[ ]

[ ]

16.Menghitung Bundle Diameter shell

1

D b=OD t ( N t /K 1) n
Dimana

Db

= Bundle Diameter Shell

ODt

W
2
m

[ ]

15.Temperatur Film Pada Sisi Shell

tf=

[ ]
[ ]

[m]
[m]

= Diameter Luar Tube

17.Menghitung Diameter Shell

D s=D b+ BDC

Dimana

Ds

= Diameter Luar Shell

[m]

Db

= Bundle Diameter Shell

[m]

BDC

= Bundle Diameter Clearence

[m]

18.Menghitung Baffle Spacing

B s=0,4 Ds

Dimana

Bs

= Baffle Spacing

[m]

Ds

= Diameter Luar Shell

[m]

19.Menghitung Luas Perpindahan Panas Pada Shell

As=

( pt ODt ) D s B s
pt

Dimana

As

= Luas Perpindahan Panas Pada Shell

pt

= Pitch Tube

ODt

[ m2 ]

[m]
[m]

= Diameter Luar Tube

Ds

= Diameter Luar Shell

[m]

Bs

= Baffle Spacing

[m]

20.Menghitung Kecepatan Aliran Fluida Pada Shell

Gs=

W
As

Dimana

Gs

= Kecepatan Aliran Fluida Pada Shell

= Jumlah Uap yang Masuk Ke Kondenser

As

= Luas Perpindahan Panas Pada Shell

21.Menetukan Diameter Ekuivalen Untuk Square Pitch

p t2 ODt 2
4
De=
OD t

Dimana

De

= Diameter Ekuivalen

[m]

[m ]

pt

= Tube Pitch

ODt

[m]
[m]

= Diameter Luar Tube

22.Menentukan Bilangan Reynold Pada Sisi Shell

Re =

Gs D e

Dimana

Re

= Bilangan

Gs
De

23.Menentukan Bilangan Nusselt

N u=0.023 Re 0,8 Prn

Dimana

Nu
Re
Pr

n
24.Menetukan Koefisien Perpindahan Panas

ho =

Nu k
OD s

Dimana

ho

Nu
k
OD s
25.Mentukan Jumlah Baffle

N baffle=

L
Bs

ho

Dimana

N baffle

[buah]

= Jumlah Baffle

= Panjang Tube

[m]

Bs

= Baffle Spacing

[m]

1. Menghitung Temperatur film pada condenser shell and tube

a.

T i =53,78 [ ]=128,804 [ ]
T o=53,78 [ ] =128,804 [ ]

T f=

T i+T o
2

T f=

128,804 [ ] +128,804 [ ]
2

T f =128,804 [ ] =53,78 [ ]
b.

t i =33,79 [ ] =92,822 [ ]
t o=50,46 [ ] =122,828 [ ]

t a=

t i +t o
2

t a=

92,822 [ ] +122,828 [ ]
2

t a=107,825 [ ]=42,125 [ ]

2. Menghitung Heat Load

W =514,5

[ ]
[ ]
[ ]

[ ]
[ ]
[ ]

ton
lb
=1134278,338941
hr
hr

H s=2597,968

kJ
Btu
=1116,925
kg
lb

H c =225,0977

kJ
Btu
=96,774579
kg
lb

Q=W . ( H s H c )

[ ](
[ ]

Q=1134278,338941
Q=1157134525

Btu
hr

[ ]

[ ])

lb
Btu
Btu
. 1116,925
96,774579
hr
lb
lb

3. Menghitung Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

d o=1 [ ]

U 1=695,8

Btu
ft hr
2

F w =1,083
Fm =0,862
Fc =90 =0,9
v =2,273

[ ]

[]

m
ft
=7,339
s
s

U=U 1 . F w . F m . F c
U=685,2

U=584,61

Btu
.1,083 . 0,862. 0,9
ft hr
2

[ ]

Btu
W
=3319,569526 2
ft hr
m
2

4. Menghitung LMTD

T i =53,78 [ ]=128,804 [ ]

t i =33,79 [ ] =92,822 [ ]
t o=50,46 [ ] =122,828 [ ]

t ot i

LMTD=
ln
LMTD=

T it i
T it o

122,828 [ ] 92,822 [ ]
128,804 [ ] 92,822 [ ]
ln
128,804 [ ] 122,828 [ ]

LMTD=16,7139 [ ] =8,492278 [ ]
5. Menghitung Luas Permukaan Condenser

LMTD=16,7139 [ ]
Q=1157134525

[ ]
Btu
hr

U=584,61

Btu
ft hr
2

1157134525
A=
584,61

[ ]
Btu
hr

Btu
.16,7139 [ ]
ft hr
2

A=118424 [ ft 2 ]=11001,9 [ m 2 ]

6. Menghitung Circulating Water Flow

Q=1157134525

[ ]
Btu
hr

t i =33,79 [ ] =92,822 [ ]
t o=50,46 [ ] =122,828 [ ]

Flcw =

Q
500. ( t ot i )
1157134525

Flcw =

[ ]
Btu
hr

500. ( 122,828 [ ] 92,822 [ ] )

3

Flcw =77126,87629 [ gpm ] =21037,54

m
hr

7. Menghitung Jumlah Tube

Flcw =77126,87629 [ gpm ]

np=2

g=2,182
v =2,273

N=

[ ] (
[ ] []
gpm
fps

gpm per tube at 1,0 [ ft /s ] ) (from tube characteristic table)

m
ft
=7.339
s
s

77126,87629 [ gpm ] .2
gpm
ft
2,182
.7,339
fps
s

[ ]

[ ]

N=9632,61 9633 buah tube

8. Menghitung Panjang tube

A=118424 [ ft 2 ]

N=9633 ( buah tube )

m=0,2618 ( Surface External , sq . ft per linear foot )
table)

L=

A
N .m

118424 [ ft 2 ]
L=
ft 2
9633 .0,2618
ft
L=46,95788 [ ft ] =14,313 [ m ]
9. Menghitung Temperatur Caloric
a.

T i =53,78 [ ]=128,804 [ ]
T o=5 3,78 [ ] =128,804 [ ]

1
T c = (T i+T o )
2
T c=

128.804 [ ] +128.804 [ ]
2

T c =128.804 [ ] =53,78 [ ]
b.

t i =33,79 [ ] =92,822 [ ]
t o=50,46 [ ] =122,828 [ ]

1
t c = (t i+ t o )
2
t c=

92,822 [ ] +122,828 [ ]
2

t c =107,825 [ ] =42,125 [ ]
10.Menentukan bilangan Reynold pada sisi tube

(from tube characteristic

T i =42,125 [ ]
=991,35
v =2,237
=629

kg
m3

m
s

Pa
s

C p =4,1799

kJ
kg

k air =633,52

mW
m

k material =14,88

W
m2

IDt =0,94 [ ]=0,0239 [ m ]

kJ
Pa
629
kg
s
=4.15
mW
633,52
m

4,1799

P r=

Cp
=
k

Re =

. IDt . v

991,35

Re =

kg
m
.0,0239 [ m ] . 2,237
3
s
m
6 Pa
629 10
s

Re =84263,646
11.Menentukan Bilangan Nusselt pada sisi tube

N u=0.023 Re 0,8 Prn

84263,64

N u=0.023
N u=307 , 365

12.Menghitung Koefisien Perpindahan Panas ( hi pada sisi tube

hi=

N u k material
IDt

hi=

307,365 14,88
0,0239

hi=191363,6485

W
m2

13.Menghitung koefisien perpindahan panas( hio pada sisi tube

hio =

ID t
.h
ODt i

hio =

0,0239 [ m ]
W
.191363,6485 2
0,0254 [ m ]
m

hio =180062,6457

W
m2

14.Temperatur Dinding Pada Sisi Shell

T i =53,78 [ ]=128,804 [ ]
t a=107,825 [ ]=42,125 [ ]

hio =197350

T w =t a+

W
2
m

ho
( T t )
h io +h o i a

T w =42,125+

1000
( 5 3,7842,125 )
180062,6457+1000

T w =42, 189 [ ]
15.Temperatur Film Pada Sisi Shell

T w =42,189 [ ]

T i =53,78 [ ]
tf=

T w+ T i
2

tf=

42,189 [ ] +5 3,78 [ ]
2

t f =47, 984 [ ]
16.Menghitung Bundle Diameter shell

ODt =1 [ ]=25,4 [ mm ]
N=9633 [ buah ]
K 1=0,156
n=2,291
1

D b=OD t ( N t /K 1) n
1

D b=25,4 [ mm ] ( 9633 /0,156 ) 2,291

Db=3132.5577 [ mm ]=3,133 [ m ]
17.Menghitung Diameter Shell

Db=3.133 [ m ]
BDC =17 [ mm ]
Ds=3,133 [ m ] + 0.017 [ m ]
Ds=3,15 [ m ]
18.Menghitung Baffle Spacing

B s=0,4 Ds

B s=0,4 .3.15 [ m ]
B s=1,26 [ m ]
19.Menghitung Luas Perpindahan Panas Pada Shell

ODt =1 [ ]=25,4 [ mm ]
pt =1,25 25,4 [ mm ]

pt =31,75 [ mm ] =1,25 [ ]

As=
As=

( pt ODt ) D s B s
pt

( 0,031750,0254 ) [ m] 3,15 [ m ] 1,26 [ m ]

0,03175 [ m ]

As=0.7938 [ m2 ]
20.Menghitung kecepatan aliran fluida pada shell

Gs=

W
As

514500
Gs=

[ ]
kg
hr

0.7938 [ m

Gs=648148.1481

] [ ]

kg
kg
=180 2
m . hr
m .s
2

21.Menetukan Diameter Ekuivalen untuk square pitch

2
2
p t ODt
4
De=
OD t
De=

1,27 2
pt 0,785 OD t2 )
(
OD t

De=

1,27 [ m ]
( 0,0317520,785. 0,02542 ) [ m ]
0,0254 [ m ]

D e =0,025 [ m ] =0,082 [ ft ]
22.Menentukan Bilangan Reynold Pada Sisi Shell

Re =

Gs D e

Re =

[ ]

kg
0,025 [ m ]
2
m .s
kg
0,000629
m.s

180

[ ]

Re =7155,848
23.Menentukan Bilangan Nusselt

kJ
kg

C p =1,9532

k steam=20,669
=10,4

P r=

mW
m

Pa
s

Cp
=
k

kJ
Pa
629
kg
s
=4,15
mW
647,88
m

4,179 9

0,8

N u=0,023 Re Pr

n
0,8

N u=0,023 . 7155,848 4,15

0,3

N u=42,743
24.Menetukan koefisien perpindahan panas ho

ho =

Nu k
OD s

ho =

42,743 .14,19
3,15

ho =192,547

W
m2

25.Meentukan jumlah baffle

N baffle=

L
Bs

N baffle=

14,313 [ m ]
1,26 [ m ]

N baffle=11,359 [ buah ] =11 [ buah ]

Kesimpulan
Keterangan
Diameter Luar Tube

Nilai

0,0254 [ m ]

Diameter dalam Tube

0,0239 [ m ]

Panjang Tube

14,313 [ m ]

Jarak antar Tube

0,03175 [ m ]

Jumlah Tube

9633 buah tube

Diameter Dalam Shell

3,133 [ m]

Diameter Luar Shell

3,15 [ m ]

Ketebalan Shell

17 [ mm ]

Diameter Baffle
Jumlah Baffle

3,133 [ m ]
11 [ buah ]