miwisZvrebi

Cven SeCveuli varT grZnobas, rom, Tu raime Cvens garSemo mkvidri, uryevi
da dasandobia, esaa miwa. marTalia, miwa zanzarebs avtomanqanebisa Tu
tramvais moZraobisas, magram amas miwisZvras ar veZaxiT. marTalia, zusti
gazomvebi gveubnebian, rom skandinavia, kavkasioni an sxva adgilebi nelnela zeviT iwevs, magram amas miwisZvra ar iTqmis. aseve warmovidginoT,
rom mTaSi zvavi mowyda da Zirs daenarcxa, miwis ryevas esec gamoiwvevs,
magram miwisZvras amazec ar ityvian.
miwisZvra ewodeba miwis uecar Seryevas, romlis mizezi bunebrivia da igi
miwisqveS mdebareobs. berZnulad ryevas, miwisZvras `seismos~ hqvia,
xolo mecnierebas, romelic miwisZvrebs swavlobs seismologia ewodeba.
Zlieri miwisZvris dros mZinareni iRviZeben da angariSmiucemlad yvelani
greT garbian. aseve iqcevian cxovelebic ZaRlebi wkav-wkaviT taxtis qveS
Zvrebian, cxenebi aiwyveten da Tavlebidan gamorbian, frinvelebi
aforiaqdebian da a.S.
roca miwisZvramde miwisqveSa yru guguni gaismis, Semdeg mas Zlieri
biZgebi mohyveba, Semdeg Sewydeba da ramdenime xnis Semdeg kvlav
ganmeordeba, ityvian gunduri miwisZvraao. ei. jer aris winabiZgi, Semdeg
mTavari da Semdeg momyoli biZgebi.
miwisZvrebs geologiuri Sedegebic mosdevs. mTian mxareebSi aseTia
mewyerebisa da zvavebis daZvra, grandiozuli masebis gadaadgileba. zvavmewyerebi wyalqveS, zRvaSic warmoiSveba, rasac iaponiis miwisZvrebi
adastureben. miwiZvris dros warmoiSoba gamwe napralebi, romelTa
gaswvriv xSiria vertikaluri an horizontuli gadaadgilebebi, rac gzas an
mdinaris kalapots kveTs. zogi wyaro SeiZleba daSres, sxva adgilas ki axali
gaCndes. tbebsac SeiZleba igive daemarTos, mewyruli dagubebis Sedegad
axali tba gaCndeba. adamiani cdilobda rogorme gamoexata miwisZvris Zala,
magram es Zneli iyo, radgan uSualo Semswres uZlieresad swored mis mier
nanaxi miwisZvra miaCnda. sabolood, italielma seismologma merkalma
SeimuSava miwisZvris siZlieris 12-baliani skala, romelic ase
gamoiyureba;
1. SeumCneveli anu mikroseismi. SeimCneva mxolod specialuri
xelsawyoebiT.
2. Zlier susti. SeimCneva specialuri xelsawyoebiT da uZravad myofi zogi
adamianis mier.
3. susti. amCnevs mosaxleobis mcire nawili.
4. zomieri. Sin myofTa umetesoba amCnevs. zogi mZinare iRviZebs,
fanjris minebi zanzareben, dakidebuli sagnebi qanaoben.
5. sakmaod Zlieri. Sin myofi yvela grZnobs, gareT bevri, zogi gareT
gamorbis, dakidebuli sagnebi qanaoben, darabebi iRebian.
6. Zlieri. yvela grZnobs, bevri quCaSi gamorbis, Taroebidan sagnebi
cviva, kedlebi da Weri ibzareba.
1

7. metad Zlieri. aveji iZvris da waiqceva kidec, cudad nagebi saxlis

nawilebi ingreva, tbebSi da mdinareebSi wyali imRvreva.
8. damangreveli. kargad nagebi qvis Senobebi ziandeba, cudad naSeni
ingreva.
9. gamanadgurebeli. kargad nagebi qvis Senobebi ingreva. kargad
nagebi xis Senobebi ziandebian.
10.
amaoxrebeli. miwaSi napralebi. zvavebi. qvis Senobebi ingreva.
11.
katastrofuli. napralebisa da zvav-mewyerebis didi ganviTareba.
qvis Senobebis sruli ganadgureba.
12.
didi katastrofa. yvelaferi nadgurdeba.
adgils, sadac miwisZvris Casaxva xdeba, miwisZvris kera, hipocentri
(qveda centri) an fokusi ewodeba. hipocentris maqsimaluri siRrme 720 km-ia.
hipocentridan umoklesi manZiliT dakavSirebul wertils dedamiwis zedapirze
epicentri ewodeba. miwisZvra yvelaze adre epicentrSi aRwevs da aqaa
yvelaze Zlieri. hipocentris mdebareobis mixedviT miwisZvrebis sami tipi
gamoiyofa: 1. mcire anu marCxfokusiani, romlis hipocentrebi 60 km
siRrmeSi mdebareoben da masze modis mTeli miwisZvrebis 75-80%. aqaa
yvelaze saSiSi miwisZvrebic. 2. saSualofokusiani 60-300 km siRrmeze. 3.
Rrmafokusiani 300-720 km siRrmeze.
cnobilia, rom epicentridan daSorebisas miwisZvris Zala klebulobs. Tu am
Zalas gavzomavT mraval wertilSi da maT SevaerTebT, miviRebT Tanaswori
Zalis xazebs, romelTac izoseistebi ewodeba. Tu SevaerTebT wertilebs, sadac
miwisZvra erTdroulad mivida, miviRebT homoseistebs.
saerTo STabeWdileba iseTia, TiTqos miwisZvra iSviaTi movlenaa, magram 1
wuTi ise ar gava ramdenime miwisZvra ar moxdes. amitom amboben miwa
mudmivad TrTiso. weliwadSi saSualod milionamde miwisZvra xdeba.
miwisZvrebi Tanabrad ar arian ganawilebuli miwis zedapirze. kontinentebze
da okeaneebzec uzarmazari farTobebia, sadac miwisZvrebi praqtikulad
ucnobia da am mxareebs aseismurs uwodeben. amis sawinaaRmdegod,
wynari okeanis garSemo, axalgazrda mTebis zoli - gibraltaridan zondis
kunZulebamde, aseve kavkasia da saqarTvelo warmoadgenen seismur
mxareebs. bunebrivia, miwisZvrebis aseTi uTanabro geografiuli ganawileba
aCens kiTxvas, ra iwvevs miwisZvras, ra aris amis mizezi? raxan miwisZvra
yvelgan ar gvxvdeba, maSin misi gamomwvevi mizezic yvelgan ar unda iyos
da unda iyos iq, sadac miwisZvrebia. miwisZvrebis warmoSobis bunebriv
mizezebs kacobrioba didxans eZiebda. berZen filosofossa da mecniers
aristoteles jer kidev Zv.w. me-4 saukuneSi hqonda mosazreba miwisZvris
warmoSobaze, TiTqos miwis qveSeTSi arsebobda siRrueebi, romlebSic qari
iyo damwyvdeuli. qari awydeba aqeT-iqiT da es iwvevs miwisZvraso. es
Sexeduleba dRes gulubryvilod gamoiyureba, magram imiT iyo
mniSvnelovani, rom igi eZebda bunebriv axsnas.

Tanamedrove SexedulebebiT miwisZvrebis geografiuli gavrceleba

vulkanebisas emTxveva. vulkanebis amoqmedebas Cveulebriv win uZRvis da
Tan axlavs met-naklebad Zlieri miwisZvrebi. amitom mas vulkanuri
miwisZvrebi ewodeba.
aris agreTve teqtonikuri miwisZvrebi, romlebic teqtonikur xazebTan da
moZraobebTan aris dakavSirebuli. miwisZvrebis gavrceleba did sivrceze
qanebis agebulebasa da simtkicezea damokidebuli, magram am movlenis
Sesaswavlad uSualo dakvirvebis garda, mgrZnobiare iaraRi gamoiyeneba,
romelsac seismografi ewodeba
seismografi aris mgrZnobiare xelsawyo, romelic iwers miwisZvrebis
siZlieres. Canawers ki seismograma hqvia.
seismuri daraionebis ruka imisTvisaa saWiro, rom vicodeT sad, romel
raionSia SesaZlebeli mSeneblobebi. ramden balze unda iyos isini gaTvlili da
a.S.
. ,

.

.

, , ,
(
). ,
3

, .. ,

.
, .

.

.

. 6
, : , , ,
-, , 14
: , , . .
.
.

.
,
() (). ,
,
.

.
-


.
, . 2011 11 , 05
46.23 , 130,
373 , , 35
,
9.0 ( ). 9
7.2 .
M=9.0
. () ,
, 400-500-
(. 1).
, 5 ,
,
, .
, - ,
,
- .
-.
.
.
, ,
,
. ,
.
6

 - .
-.
: - , ,
, , , ;
- ;
,
. ,

.
,
" " , -
, - ,
, , 700
(. 2).
(Tohoku) () M=9.0
. 5-
( ) 1960 M=9.5 .
2010 27
8.8,
3505432" 7204359" , ()
35. - . 521
. NASA- - ,
.

: , -, , ,
.
, .. ,
-,
.
, 7.0 .
- - 1812, 1927 1952
(M=7.7) ; 1906 M=8.25, 1994
(M=6.4-6.7); 1991 7.5 1985 19
M=8.1 .
5 000 , 30 000 ,
5 .

() 1964 M=9.2 . ,
, 10 -.
: 1951 M=9.1 1965
M=8.7.
,
, . . 1999
20 - M=7.5 , 1990 M=7.8
, 125 (
, ), (1929
7

 M=7.8); (1968 M=7.5) 2011

.


.
/ .
.
, .
2004 26 9.1
: 230 000
(). .
.
, , ,
, ,
, .
, ,
, ,
.
11 :
, ,
, .
.. - ,
( ) (..1).
- : ( ,
, , ) : (,
, , ),
- , , , , .
-
.
. .
, 60 ,
,
.
.
-
.
-

. ( )
. , , -
2-3 /
(. 3), , ,
, .
- ()
,
8

- : -
(, )
( - , , ).

, - ,
. , 1998-2002
7 2 -, M=7.7,
1999 17 - M=7.4 1999 12 ,
6.0-6.5 3 . 1974
, ,
. - 30 000 .
10 , 20
. (M=7.3),
- , .. , 1976
24 2 000. .
M=7 .
: 1780 8 M=7.4 , 1777
21 , , ,
. .
20 M=7.0 2 .
- 1988 7 ( ),
25 000 , ,
; - 1991 29 (M=7.0), , 2-12
. .
2010-2011 9.5 9.0
10-15 , ,
,
. ,
, , , ,
, ,
.
,
,
,
, ,
" " . ,

,
. , .
,
. ,
,
.

, ,
9

 .
:
, ,

; , ,
-,
.
,
, , ,
, (, ).

. -
,
.
. . NATO-
,
--
; (EMME)
, ,
, , , , ,
.
,
,
, .

- , -
.
.

. 2002 25
M=5.0 .
. ,
6.0-6.5 ,
50-400- , 2002
.
, ,
. ,
.
,
,
, -,
.

100 .
2011 11 . .
19
10

, 14,000 .
"-1"- 160

2009 18 .
() 5,5- 70-
. 100- .
2009 9 .

.
2008 28 .
300-
.
2008 12 .
87 . 370
.
2007 15 .
(, ) 519 .
2006 17 .
650
.
2006 27 .
() 5700 .
2006 1-
70 1200-
.
2005 8 .
, 73
.
2005 28 .
() 1300 .
2005 22 .
100 .
2004 26 .

.
2004 24 .
500 .
11

2003 26 .
26
.
2003 21 .
2 . 8 .
2003 1- .
160 , 83
.
2003 24 .
10 260 .
2002 31 .
- .
.
2001 26 .
. 20 , .
1999 12 .
- 400- .
1999 21 .
2500
.
1999 17 .
17 .
1998 30 .
4 .
1995 27 .
2 .
1995 17 .
6430 .
1993 30 .

10 .
1990 21 .
. 40 .
1988 7 .
- 25 .

12

1985 19 .
10 .
1976 28 .
. 250 .
1972 23 .
10 .
1970 31 .
66
.
1963 26 .
100 100 .
1960 22 .
.
.
61
.
1923 1- .
() 142800
.
1906 18 .
- . 700- 3
.

13

14

15