MAGNETIC LEVITATION

DRIVING WITHOUT WHEELS

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY
CHITTOOR-517127
BY
M.R.SARAVANA KUMAR
S.LAKSHMI NARAYANA REDDY

Presentation Outline

1. Introduction
2. Magnetic levitation
3. Levitation principle
4. Lateral guidance
5. Maglev track
6. EDS-EMS
7. Linear electric motor
8. LIM in levitation
9. Characteristics of LIM
10.Benefits
11.Current projects
12.conclusion

INTRODUCTION

Maglev, or magnetic levitation, is a system of

transportation that suspends, guides and
propels vehicles, predominantly trains, using
magnetic levitation.

Trends in increased mobility of large masses

with changing lifestyle for more comfort are
leading to congestion on roads with
automobiles.

Besides, increasing pollution levels from

automobiles, depleting fuel resources, critical
dependence on the fuel import .

The highest recorded speed of a Maglev

MAGNETIC LEVITATION
The need for fast and
reliable transportation is
increasing throughout the world.
High-speed rail has been the
solution for many countries.
Trains are fast, comfortable, and
energy-efficient.
Maglev research and
development began in Germany
and Japan during the early
1970's. After laboratory tests in
both countries, a test track was
constructed in Japan during the

Maglev tech is a relatively new

transportation tech in which non
contacting vehicles travel safely at
speeds of 250 to 300mph or higher.

The forces acting on an object in any

combination of gravitational,
electrostatic, and magneto static
fields will make the object's position
unstable.

It is possible to levitate
superconductors and other
diamagnetic materials, which
magnetize in the opposite sense to a
magnetic field in which they are
placed.

As Superconductors are perfect

diamagnets and when placed in an
external magnetic field expel the

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Imagine that two bar
magnets are
suspended one above
the other with like
poles directly above
and below each other.
Any effort to bring
these two magnets
into contact with each
other will have to
overcome the force of
repulsion that exists
between two like

The repulsion of superconducting magnets and

electromagnets in the track keeps a maglev train
suspended above the track. By varying the strength and
polarity of the track electromagnets, the train can be
driven forward.

Lateral Guidance
When one side of the
train nears the side of the
guide way, the super
conducting magnet on
the train induces a
repulsive force from the
levitation coils on the side
closer to the train and an
attractive force from the
coils on the farther side.
This keeps the train in the
center.

MAGLEV GUIDE
TRACK

The magnetized coil

running along the track,
called aguideway, repels
the large magnets on the
train's undercarriage,
allowing the train
tolevitatebetween 0.39
and 3.93 inches (1 to 10
cm) above the guideway.
power is supplied to
the coils within the
guideway walls to create a
unique system of magnetic
fields that pull and push
the train along the

LEVITATION
Levitation is the
process by which an
object is suspended
against gravity in a
stable position.
First thing a
maglev system must do
is get off the ground, and
then stay suspended off
the ground.

Electromagnetic Suspension

 In

the EMS-attractive
system, the
electromagnets which
do the work of levitation
are attached on the top
side of a casing that
extends below and then
curves back up to the
rail that is in the center
of the track.
The gap between the
bottom of the vehicle
and the rail is only 3/8"

Electrodynamic Suspension
In

the EDS-repulsive system,

the superconducting magnets
(SCMs), which do the
levitating of the vehicle, are at
the bottom of the vehicle, but
above the track.
The magnetic field of the
superconducting magnets
aboard the maglev vehicle
induces an eddy current in the
guideway.

Choice of linear induction

motor

linear electric motor

(LEM) is a mechanism
which converts electrical
energy directly into linear
motion without
employing any
intervening rotary
components.
Linear Induction Motor
(LIM) is basically a
rotating squirrel cage
induction motor opened
out flat. Instead of
producing rotary torque
from a cylindrical

Linear Synchronous Motor

LSM

generate
propulsive force by
running current
through a stator,
which creates an
electro-magnetic
field.
This electromagnetic field
interacts with a set
of permanent
magnets on a
vehicle to create
thrust.

 The

permanent magnets serve as the motor

secondary, equivalent to a rotor in
conventional motors enabling linear motion.

The vehicle is propelled by the moving

electro-magnetic field, traveling along as
electric current is applied to the stator
beneath the vehicle.

The vehicles movement is regulated by a

sophisticated control system incorporating
state-of-the-art position sensing technology.

Synchronous vs Induction
motors
Far

more effort has been put into research

and development of linear induction motors
(LIM's) than LSM's.
LIM's do indeed have two distinct
advantages. First of all, they are simpler and
less costly to construct.
The stationary element of the motor
consists of nothing more than a rail or plate
of a conducting material, such as aluminum.
By contrast, LSM's require the installation of
alternating north and south magnetic poles
on both moving and stationary elements.

Linear induction motor (LIM)

in magnetic levitation
The

High Speed Surface

Transport (HSST) system
is propelled by linear
induction motor.

The HSST levitation

system uses ordinary

electromagnets that
exerts an attractive force
and levitate the vehicle.

 The
electromagnets
are attached to
the car, but are
positioned facing
the under side of
the guide way's
steel rails. They
provide an
attractive force
from
brlow,levitating
the car.

Characteristics of LIM
In

most vehicular propulsion

systems, provision must be
made for increasing the
power when the demand
increases.
Whenever more power is
needed, the moving magnet
begins to lag further behind
the stationary one; this
results in an immediate
increase in thrust. No
separate control is needed

Benefits of Magnetic Levitated

Transportation system

Power of the maglev motor is dependent on the

local conditions.
Maglev uses 30% less energy than a high-speed
train traveling at the same speed.
Operating costs of a maglev system are
approximately half that of conventional longdistance railroads.
Maglev is about 20 times safer than airplanes, 250
times safer than conventional railroads, and 700
times safer than automobile travel.
Despite the speeds up to 500 km/hour, passengers
can move about freely in the vehicles
Materials used to construct maglev vehicles are
non-combustible, poor transmitters of heat, and
able to withstand fire penetration.
Carries no fuel to increase fire hazard

Noise Pollution
The train makes little
noise because it does
not touch the track and
it has no motor.
Therefore, all noise
comes from moving air.
This sound is equivalent
to the noise produced by
city traffic.
Magnetic Field
The magnetic field
created is low,
therefore there are no
adverse effects.

CURRENT PROJECTS
Germany and Japan have been the pioneering
countries in MagLev research. Currently operational
systems include Transrapid (Germany) and High
Speed Surface Transport (Japan). There are several
other projects under scrutiny such as the SwissMetro,
Seraphim and Inductrack. All have to do with personal
rapid transit.
NASA plans to use magnetic levitation for
launching of space vehicles into low earth
orbit.Boeing is pursuing research in MagLev to
provide a Hypersonic Ground Test Facility for the Air
Force. The mining industry will also benefit from
MagLev. There are probably many more
undiscovered applications!

CONCLUSION
The Maglev Train: Research on
this dream train has been going on for
the last 30 odd years in various parts of
the world. The chief advantages of this
type of train are: Non-contact and nonwearing propulsion, independent of
friction, no mechanical components like
wheel, axle. Maintenance costs
decrease. Low noise emission and
vibrations at all speeds.

THANK U..........!

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