Mathematical Modeling of Fluidized-

Bed Chlorination of Rutile

Presented By -
Rohit Yadav
M.Tech : Chemical Engineering (CAPPD)
Model Description
• A = c/s area
• F0 = feed rate of solid
particle size density
function P0
• yb = fraction of entire soid
present in bubble phase
• r = particle radius
• w = solid weigh per unit
volume of bed
Mass balance in gas phase
The gas phase mass balance in bulk and emulsion phase

𝑑𝐶𝐴𝑏 Gas phase

−𝑓𝑔,𝑏 𝑈𝑏 = 𝛿 𝐾𝑏𝑒 𝐶𝐴𝑏 − 𝐶𝐴𝑒 + 𝑓𝑔,𝑏 (−𝑟𝑔,𝑏 )
𝑑𝑍

𝑑𝐶𝐴𝑒 Emulsion phase

−𝑓𝑔,𝑒 𝑈𝑏 = 𝛿 𝐾𝑏𝑒 𝐶𝐴𝑒 − 𝐶𝐴𝑏 + 𝑓𝑔,𝑒 (−𝑟𝑔,𝑒 )
𝑑𝑍
𝑈0 −𝑈𝑚𝑓 𝑈𝑚𝑓
𝛿= 𝑈 when 𝑈𝑏 =
𝑏 −𝑈𝑚𝑓 𝜖𝑚𝑓
𝑈0 −𝑈𝑚𝑓 𝑈𝑚𝑓
𝛿= 𝑈𝑏
when 𝑈𝑏 = 5 𝜖
𝑚𝑓
Constitutive relationship

𝑑𝑟
= −k (𝑅𝑇)1.29 𝐶𝐶𝑂 0.55 𝐶𝐶𝑙2 0.74
𝑑𝑡
(Zohu 1994)
Mass Balance of Solid
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛
𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙
𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙
= 𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟 + 𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟
𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟
𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑑
𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑑

For bubble phase

𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟
𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑟 𝑡𝑜
𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟 =𝜌 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒
𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡
𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑑
𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑑

𝑦𝑏 𝑤 𝑃1 𝑟 𝑑𝑉
= ᵨ𝜌 4
𝜋 𝑟3 𝑑𝑡
3
Mass Balance of Solid
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛
𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 3𝑦𝑏 𝑃1 𝑟 𝑅 𝐶𝑏 , 𝑟
𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟 = 𝑑𝑟
𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑟
𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑑

• Similarly for emulsion phase

𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛
𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 3𝑦𝑒 𝑃1 𝑟 𝑅 𝐶𝑒 , 𝑟
𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟 = 𝑑𝑟
𝑟
𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑑
Mass Balance of Solid
Heat Balance

𝐴𝑈0 𝐶𝐴,𝑖𝑛 − 𝐶𝐴,𝑜𝑢𝑡 −Δ𝐻𝑟 =

𝐶𝑝𝑠 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 𝑇𝑆 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓 -
𝐶𝑝𝑠 𝐹0 𝑇𝑆,𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓 +𝐶𝑝𝑔,𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝐺𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑇𝑆 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓 -
+𝐶𝑝𝑔,𝑖𝑛 𝐺𝑖𝑛 𝑇𝑔,𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓 + ℎ𝑤 𝐴𝑤 𝑇𝑆 − 𝑇𝑤
Method Of Solution
Results
• Effect of superficial velocity
– Concentration coefficient increases with gas velocity

– Gas exchange coefficient increases with gas velocity

– Does not have influence on particle size distribution in

bed

– It affects the density function in elutriation.

Results
• Effect of gas exchange coefficient
– With increase in gas exchange coefficient reactant
gas conc. increases substantially in emulsion
phase
– Decreases in bubble phase
• Effect of reaction rate constant
– CO concentration decreases with increasing
reaction rate constant.