BI TP CU TRC RI RC

CHNG 1: C S LOGIC
1/ Xt chn tr ca cc v t p( x) , p(x)q(x), p(x)q(x), p(x) q(x) v p(x) q(x) ty theo bin thc x :
a) p(x) = x2 2x 8 0 v q(x) = (x + 1)(x 2)1 > 0
b) p(x) = (3 2x)(x + 4) 1 0 v q(x) = (x2 + x 2)(x2 3x + 10) > 0
2/ Cho a R. Vit mnh ph nh A nu A c ni dung nh sau :
a) 2a3 +5a = 10
b) (2a 5)(3a + 1) 1 7
c) 8 5a 2
d) ln(a2 a 2) < 3
e) Khong 2/3 s hc sinh c th cht tt
f) Khng n 3/4 s ti x c bng li hp l
g) Khng qu 2/5 dn s tt nghip i hc
h) Hn mt na s B trng thc s c nng lc
i) Khng t hn 1/6 s tr em b tht hc
j) Nhiu nht l 30 ng vin thi t ngoi ng
k) C t nht 5 sinh vin t gii thng
l) ng 12 th sinh d vng chung kt ca cuc thi
m) Hn 7 vn ng vin ph k lc quc gia
n) t hn 16 quc gia thi u mn bng r
o) Nu Sn thng trn th anh y c i Paris
p) Khng ai mun lm vic vo ngy ch nht
q) C lp ni chuyn n o
r) C ai gi in thoi cho Tun
s) Cc cu th khng thch bi li
t) Hn thng minh nhng thiu thn trng
u) Ngc hc Ton m khng hc Lch s
v) Dng cng An i thi ngoi ng
w) V va gii Vt L va gii Ha hc
x) Hi t kt qu thp c mn Tin hc ln mn Ton
y) H n trng hay h i xem phim
z) Chng ti i Vinh nhng cc anh y khng i Hu
) Nhm bc s hay nhm k s i lm t thin
T bi 3 n bi 5, cc k hiu p, q, r v s l cc bin mnh .
3/ Rt gn cc dng mnh sau :
a) [(p q) (p q )] q
b) p q [( p q ) q ]
c) p q ( p q r)
d) p (q r) ( p q r)
e) (p q) [ q ( q r)]
f) p (p q ) (p q r ) (p q r s )
4/ Chng minh
a) [(p q) p q p q ] (p q)
c) {(p q) [p (q r)]} (p q)

b) [{(p r) (q r)} (p q)] ( p q r )

d) {[( p q r ) q ] (p r)} (p q r)

e) {[q (p r)] ( p r ) q } [(p r) q ]

g) [(p q) (q r) (r p)] [(p q) (q r) (r p)]
i) [(p q) (q r) (r p)] [(p q) (q r) (r p)]

f) [p (q r)] [ r ( q p )]
h) [p ( q r)] [(q r ) p ]
j) [ ( q p ) p) ] p q

5/ Chng minh cc dng mnh sau l hng ng hoc hng sai :

a) (p q) (p q r)
b) (p q) [(q r) (p r)]
c) [p (q r)] (p q)
d) [(p q) (q r)] [p (q r)]
e) {[(p q) (r p )] (q r )} p
f) [ p (q r)] [ (p q) r]
i) [p (q r)] (p r ) p q

g) (r q) ( p q)

h) [(p q ) q] p q
j) (p q ) ( q p ) (q r)

6/ Cho cc lng t v ( , {,} ). Xt chn tr ca A v vit A ty theo dng c th ca v :

a) A = x R, | x | = x3 b) A = x Q, x2 2x > 2 c) A = x R, n N, 2n x < 2n + 1
d) A = x R, y R, (x2 = y2) (x = y)
e) A = x Q, y R, (x2 + 2x 15)y = 0
2
2
f) A = x R, y Q, x + 4x y + 7
g) A = x R, k Z, (x k)2 2 2

7/ Vit dng ph nh ca A v xt chn tr A( xt trc tip A hay xt gin tip A ):

a) A = n N, 4|n2 4|n b) A = x R, sinx + 2x =1 c) A = x R,y R, 2x + 3siny > 0
d) A = x R, y N, (x2 y2) (x y)
e) A = x R, y Q, 2y + 2y sinx + 3
f) A = x R, y Q, t Z, x y2 + 2t
g) A = x Q, y R, t N, x3 3y 5t
8/ Chng minh qui np theo s nguyn n :
a) 13 + 23 + + n3 = 41n2(n + 1)2 n 1
b) 1.1! + 2.2! + + n.n! = (n + 1)! 1 n 1
1
c) 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + + n(n + 1)(n + 2) = 4 n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) n 1
d) 2n < n! n 4
2
n
2
2
3
n
e) n < 2 n 5 ( (n + 1) < 2n n 3 )
f) n < 2 n 10 ( (n + 1)3 < 2n3 n 4 )
g) 21n + 1 11 + 21 + 31 + + ( 2n ) 1 (n + 1) n 0
n
h) 8 | ( 3n + 7n 2 ) n 0
i) 4 | ( 6.7n 2.3n ) n 0
j) 3n + 1 | ( 23 1 ) n 0
k) Cho a R \ { 0 } v ( a + a1 ) l s nguyn. Chng minh ( an + an ) l s nguyn n 1.
l) Cho dy s Fibonacci a0 = 0,a1 = 1 v an + 2 = an + 1 + an n 0. Chng minh rng
an = ( 5 )1(n n) n 0 vi v l 2 nghim thc ca phng trnh x2 x 1 = 0 tha > .
9/ Gii thch s ng n ca cc s suy lun di y (p, q, r, s, t v u l cc bin mnh ) :
a) [p (p q) (s r) (r q )] (s t)
b) [( p q) ( p r) ( r s)] ( q s)
c) { s [ ( p q) r] u [ r (s t)] (u t )] } p
d) [(p q) r q ] p r
e) {[p (q r)] (t q) s (p s)} ( r t )
f) (p r q ) [(p r) q]
g) {[p (q r)] ( q p ) p} r
h) {[(p q) r] (r s) s } (p q )
i) {(p q) (r s) [(s q) (p t)] (t p )} ( p r )
j) [p (p q) (r q )] r
k) {(p q) (r s) [(s q) t] t } ( p r )
l) [(p q) ( r q ) r ] p
m) {[p (r q)] p q [r (s t)] s } t
n) [(p q) (p r) r ] q
10/ Ch ra s sai lm ca cc s suy lun di y (p, q, r v s l cc bin mnh ):
a) [(p q) r] [p (q r)]
b) [(p q) r] [p (q r)]
c) {[p ( r q )] p q } 1
d) {[(p q) (q r)] [(p (q r)]} O
e) {[ p {(q r) s}] [s ( r p)]} 1
f) [( r q) (s p )] q
g) [(p (q r)] (p r) h) [(p q) r] [(p r) (q r)]
i) [( p q) q] p
j) [(p q) p ] q
k) [(p q) (q r) ( s q) (r s )] s
l) {(p r) p [p (q r )] ( s q )} s
m) {[(p r) q] (q p) } (p q)
n) [(p q r) p (q r ) ] {[p (q r)] p q r }
11/ Cho cc v t p(x) v q(x) theo bin x A. Chng minh
a) [ x A, p(x) q(x) ] [ ( x A, p(x)) ( x A, q(x)) ]
b) [ x A, p(x) q(x) ] [ ( x A, p(x)) ( x A, q(x)) ]
c) [ x A, p(x) q(x) ] [ ( x A, p(x)) ( x A: q(x)) ]
d) [ ( x A, p(x)) ( x A, q(x)) ] [ x A, p(x) q(x) ]
Cho v d thy chiu o ca c) v d) khng ng.
12/ Cho cc v t p(x) v q(x) theo bin x A. Gii thch s ng n ca cc s suy lun di y :
a) {[ x A, p(x) (q(x) r(x))] [ x A, p(x) s(x) ]} [ x A, r(x) s(x) ]
b) {[ x A, p(x) q(x) ] [ x A, p( x) ] [ x A, q( x ) r(x) ] [ x A, s(x) r ( x) ]}
[ x A, s ( x) ]

CHNG 2: PHNG PHP M

1/ Cho cc tp hp hu hn A, B, C E.
Chng minh | A B C | = | A | + | B | + | C | ( | A B | + | B C | + | C A | ) + | A B C |
2/ Cho E = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}, A = {2,4,5,7,9},B = {2,5,9}, C = {1, 3, 8} v D = {0, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9}.
a) C bao nhiu tp hp X E tha X = A ?
b) C bao nhiu tp hp Y, Z, T, W E tha A Y = B, A Z = D, (A \ T) = B v (W \ A) = C ?
3/ C bao nhiu s nguyn t nhin chn ( hoc dy s vi ch s cui cng chn ) gm 6 ch s khc
nhau m trong c ch s 0 ?
4/ Cho S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}. C bao nhiu tp A S tha
a) | A | = 5
b) | A | = 5 v minA = 3
c) | A | = 5 v minA 3

d) | A | = 5 v min A 4

5/ Cho S = {1, 2,, n}. C bao nhiu tp A S sao cho A c t nht mt s nguyn chn? ( xt n chn, l )
6/ Tm n 7 bit rng ch c mt phn t s tp con gm 5 phn t ca S = { 1, 2, , n } c cha s 7.
7/ Cho S = {1, 2, 3, , 14, 15}. C bao nhiu tp A S m
a) A ch c ton s l b) A c 3 s l c) | A | = 8 v A c 3 s l

d) A c 3 s l v t nht 5 s chn

8/ C bao nhiu cch chia n sinh vin thnh 2 i ( n 2 ) m trong

a) mt i hc Anh Vn v mt i hc Php vn ?
b) c hai i cng i lm cng tc x hi nh nhau ? ( xt n chn, l )
9/ T 10 nam v 10 n, c bao nhiu cch chn ra mt i gm 12 ngi tha
a) chn ty b) i c 6 nam c) i c t nht 8 nam d) i c nam t hn n e) i c s nam chn
10/ C bao nhiu byte khc nhau cha
a) 3 bit 1
b) t nht 4 bit 1

c) khng qu 5 bit 1

d) t nht 3 bit 0 v 3 bit 1

11/ C bao nhiu cch chia 12 bt khc nhau cho 4 a tr nu

a) mi a c 3 bt
b) hai a ln mi a 4 bt v hai a nh mi a 2 bt
12/ Tm h s ca n thc
a) xy2z3t khi khai trin (x + 2y z + 4t 5u)7

b) x3 y9z4t3 khi khai trin ( 2x y3 3z2 + 4t3 )9

13/ Xt tt c cc tam gic to t 3 nh khc nhau ca mt a gic u c n cnh ( n 4 ) .

a) C tt c bao nhiu tam gic nh vy ? b) C bao nhiu tam gic c chung 2 cnh vi a gic trn?
c) C bao nhiu tam gic c chung ng 1 cnh vi a gic trn ?
d) C bao nhiu tam gic khng c chung cnh no vi a gic trn ?
14/ C bao nhiu cch xp
a) 5 nam v 5 n xen k nhau thnh mt hng dc?
b) 6 nam v 4 n thnh mt hng dc sao cho 6 nam ng gn nhau?
c) 6 nam v 4 n thnh mt hng dc sao cho 4 n ng gn nhau?
d) 6 nam v 4 n thnh mt hng dc sao cho 6 nam ng gn nhau v 4 n ng gn nhau?
e) 6 nam v 4 n thnh mt hng dc sao cho 6 nam ng gn nhau hay 4 n ng gn nhau?
f) 6 bc s, 7 k s v 8 lut s thnh mt hng ngang sao cho cc ng nghip ng gn nhau?
15/ C bao nhiu cch xp 5 cp v chng vo mt bn trn c 10 gh c nh s th t nu
a) xp ty ?
b) nhng ngi nam ngi gn nhau
c) v chng ngi gn nhau

16/ C bao nhiu cch treo 3 o ,4 o trng v 5 o xanh thnh mt hng dc (cc o khc nhau) nu
a) treo ty
b) cc o cng mu treo gn nhau
c) cc o mu trng treo gn nhau
17/ Lm li bi 16 nhng vi gi thit l cc o cng mu c xem l ging nhau.
18/ C bao nhiu cch chn 20 t giy bc t cc loi tin 1 ng, 2 ng, 5 ng, 10 ng v 20 ng ?
Nu yu cu thm c t nht 7 t 5 ng v khng qu 8 t 20 ng th c bao nhiu cch chn ?
19/ Tm s nghim nguyn ca phng trnh x + y + z + t = 32 ( hay bt phng trnh x + y + z + t 32 )
nu
a) x, y, z, t 0 b) x 2, y 3, z 1, t > 5 c) x > 1, y 4, z > 4, t 3 d) x, y, z > 0 v 1 t < 25
20/ C bao nhiu cch chia 18 vin ko ging nhau cho 5 a tr nu
a) chia ty
b) a no cng c ko
c) a ln nht c 6 vin
d) a nh nht c t nht 4 vin
e) a ln nht nhn khng qu 7 vin
21/ Khi khai trin (x + y + z + t)10, ta c bao nhiu n thc khc nhau ?
Trong s c bao nhiu n thc xmynzu tv (khng k h s pha trc) tha m 2, n 3 v v 1 ?
22/ C bao nhiu cch chia 15 vin ko chanh (ging nhau) v 10 vin ko da (ging nhau) cho 6 a
tr sao cho a no cng c c hai th ko ?
23/ C bao nhiu cch mua 20 hp sn vi ng 7 mu trong s 10 mu m ca hng c ?
24/ Xt chui k t bao gm phn mu t ng trc v phn ch s ng sau. Phn mu t c 9 mu t
, , , , , , , , xp ty ( , , l 3 mu t khc nhau ly ty t A, E, H, P, Y ). Phn ch s
l 6 ch s xyzuvw( x, y, z, u, v, w c ly ty t 0, 1, 2, , 8, 9 ) tha 7 x + y + z + u + v + w 9
Hi c tt c bao nhiu chui k t nh vy ?
25/ Cho A S = { 1, 2, , 25 } tha | A | 14. Chng minh rng c a, b A tha a b v a + b = 26
x

26/ Cho A S = { 1, 2, , 100 } tha | A | 11. Chng minh rng c x, y A tha 0 < |
Tng qut ha kt qu trn theo 2 hng khc nhau: theo | S | hoc theo ( n x v

y | < 1.

y ).

27/ Ly 10 im khc nhau ty trn mt tam gic u c cnh bng 3cm.

Chng minh rng trong s c t nht 2 im c khong cch khng qu 1cm.
28/ T th hai n th by ca mi tun c 12 bui (sng v chiu). C 782 sinh vin ng k hc n
theo cc bui ni trn trong tun: mi sinh vin c th chn t 2 n 4 bui.
Chng minh rng c t nht 2 sinh vin c lch hc trong tun hon ton ging nhau.
29/ Xp cc con s 1, 2, , 25 mt cch ty trn mt ng trn. Chng minh rng c 3 s gn nhau
trn ng trn c tng 41 v c 3 s gn nhau trn ng trn c tng 37.
30/ Cho A S = { 1, 2, , 14 } tha | A | 6.
Chng minh c H,K A ( m H K ) tha | H | 5, | K | 5 v

hH

k K

CHNG 3 : QUAN H HAI NGI

1/ t Ik = {0, 1, , k} k N. Hy vit tp hp v xt cc tnh cht ca quan h hai ngi trn S nu
a) S = I2, x, y S : x y 0 y x 1
b) S = I2, x, y S : x y x2 + y2 2
c) S = I2, x, y S : x y 3x + y 5
d) S = I3, x, y S : x y x + y 4
e) S = I4, x, y S : x y ( x = y hay x + 2y = 4 )
f) S = I4, x, y S : x y (x + 2) | y
2/ Xt cc tnh cht ca quan h hai ngi trn S nu
a) S = Z, x, y S : x y x | y2
b) S = Z, x, y S : x y y khng chia ht x2
c) S = Q, x, y S : x y x = | y |
d) S = Q x Q, (x,u), (y,v) S : (x,u) (y,v) x y
e) S = R, x, y S : x y x y
f) S = R, x, y S : x y x = 2y ( 2t > t t R )
3/ Kim chng l mt quan h tng ng trn S ri vit cc lp tng ng v tp thng tng ng:
a) S = { Hu, Paris, Moscou, Rome, Tokyo, Kyoto, Milan, Vinh, Lyon, Lt, Kobe, Sign, Cairo,
Nice, Bonn, Turin, Berlin }, x, y S : x y x v y l 2 thnh ph thuc cng mt quc gia
b) S = { 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2 }, x, y S : x y x2 + 5x = y2 + 5y
c) S = { 4, 2, 3 , 1, 0, 1, 3 , 2, 3 }, x, y S : x y x3 + 3y = y3 + 3x
d) S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 21, 24, 25, 35, 42, 48}, x,y S : x y k Z : x = 2ky (k ph thuc x v y)
e) S = { 11/6, , 4/5, /4, /5, /7, 0, /6, /3, 5/6, , 5/4, 3 }
x, y S : x y sinx = cos(y + 21.7)
f) S = (E) vi E ={ 1, 2, 3 }, X, Y S : X Y X A = Y A trong A = {1, 2}
4/ Kim chng l mt quan h tng ng trn S = R v xc nh lp tng ng [ a ] ca a R
tng ng ( bin lun theo tham s thc a )
a) x, y S : x y x2 + 3x = y2 + 3y
b) x, y S : x y x2 y2 = 2(x y)
c) x, y S : x y x3 12y = y3 12x ( xt ring hai trng hp + v )
d) x, y S : x y x2 y + 7x = xy2 + 7y
e) x, y S : x y 4x + xy2 = x2 y + 4y
f) x, y S : x y 2cos2x sin(xy)cos2 y = 2cos2y sin(xy)cos2x
5/ Cho S = { a, b, c, d, e, f }.
a) Vit tp hp nu l quan h tng ng trn S c 3 lp tng ng l {a, d, f},{c, e} v {b}.
b) Trn S c bao nhiu quan h tng ng chia S thnh 3 lp tng ng c s phn t ca cc lp
ln lt l 3, 2, 1 (tng t nh quan h tng ng ) ?
c) Trn S c bao nhiu quan h tng ng chia S thnh 3 lp tng ng ?
6/ Kim chng l mt quan h th t trn S. l th t ton phn hay bn phn? Ti sao ?
V s Hasse cho (S,) v tm min,max v cc phn t ti tiu v ti i (nu c):
a) S = { 2, 3, , 11, 12 }, x, y S : x y [ (x l v y chn) hay (x y chn v x y) ]
b) S = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20 }, x, y S : x y x | y (quan h c s)
c) S = { 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 16, 24, 32, 48, 96 }, x, y S : x y x | y
d) S = { 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30,40, 50 }, x, y S : x y x y (quan h bi s)
e) S = { 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 24, 48, 96 }, x, y S : x y x y
f) S = { 96, 768, 6, 48, 384, 3, 24 }, x, y S : x y k N: y = 2kx ( k ph thuc x v y )
7/ Cho S = { a = 2m3n/ m, n N , m 3 v n 2 } vi cc quan h th t | v .
a) V s Hasse v tm min,max cho (S, | ) v (S, ) .
b) t T = S \ { 1, 2, 72 }. V s Hasse ri tm cc phn t ti tiu v ti i ca (T, | ) v (T, ).

8/ Cho S = { a, b, c } vi quan h th t .
Gi s a l mt phn t ti tiu v c l mt phn t ti i ca (S, ).
a) V tt c cc trng hp khc nhau c th xy ra cho s Hasse ca (S, ).
b) Yu cu nh a) nhng c thm iu kin b cng l mt phn t ti i ca (S, ) .
9/ a) Gii thch th t sp xp ca cc t sau trong t in ting Anh :
individual, indistinct, real, indite, confirmation, individualism v red .
b) Gii thch th t sp xp ca cc dy s sau theo th t t in :
852604, 74596, 935, 7489, 85297440, 85297311 v 7489231.
10/ V s Hasse cho (S, ) ri ton phn ha (sp xp topo) cc th t bn phn sau:
a) S = { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i } vi d a, b e, g e, h f, i e v h d.
b) S = { 1, 2, 4, 5, 12, 15, 20 } vi l quan h | (c s) .
c) S = { 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 16 } vi l quan h (bi s) .
d) S = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 } vi l quan h | (c s) .

CHNG 4 : HM BOOL
1/ Tm dng ni ri chnh tc cho cc hm Bool sau y :
a) f(x, y, z) = x y x(y z)
b) f(x, y, z, t) = (xy zt)(x z) )(xz yt)(xt yz)
c) f(x, y, z) = ( x yz)( y xz)( z xy)
d) f(x, y, z, t) = yz zt xt (xy y z x t )xyt
e) f(x, y, z, t) = xyz y zt [x t (x y) (z t)] [(x z) (y t)] [(x t)(y z)]
2/ Tm cc cng thc a thc ti tiu cho cc hm Bool f c 4 bin ri vit dng ni ri chnh tc cho f
v f bit rng S = Kar(f) hay S = ( Phn b ca S trong bng m ca B4 ) nh sau :
a) S = { (1,1), (1,3), (2,2), ( 2,4), (3,1), (3,3), (4,2), (4,4) } b) S = { (1,2), (1,3), (2,1), (2,3), (3,4), (4,3) }
c) S = { (1,2), (1,3), (2,1), (3,1), (4,2), (4,3) }
d) S = { (1,1), (1,4), (2,2), (2,3), (3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (4,1) }
e) S = { (2,3), (2,4), (3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (4,1), (4,4) }
f) S = { (1,1), (2,2), (2,3), (3,1), (4,1) }
g) S = { (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (3,4), ( 4,1), (4,2) }
h) S = { (1,3), (2,1), (2,2), (3,4) }
3/ K hiu x = x , y = y , z = z v t = t .
Tm cc cng thc a thc ti tiu cho cc hm Bool f c 4 bin ri vit dng ni ri chnh tc cho f
v f bit rng f c dng a thc nh sau :
a) f(x, y, z, t) = yt xyz xyz xyz t xyzt
b) f(x, y, z, t) = xzt yzt xyt xyz xyzt xyzt
c) f(x, y, z, t) = xyzt yzt xyz xyzt yzt xyt
d) f(x, y, z, t) = xyz xy xzt xyt xyzt yzt
e) f(x, y, z, t) = xyzt yzt xyzt yzt xyz xyzt
f) f(x, y, z, t) = xzt xyzt xyzt xyt xzt xyzt
g) f(x, y, z, t) = xyzt xy xzt yzt
h) f(x, y, z, t) = zt xyt xyz xyzt xyzt yzt
4/ V mng cc cng tng hp hm Bool f trong bi 2 v 3 (dng mt cng thc a thc ti tiu ca n)
5/ a) C bao nhiu hm Bool 6 bin ly gi tr 1 ti cc vector Bool c ng 2 bin l 1 ( v ly gi tr
ty ti cc vector Bool khc ) ?
b) C bao nhiu hm Bool 6 bin ly gi tr 1 ti cc vector Bool c t nht 2 bin l 1( v ly gi tr
ty ti cc vector Bool khc ) ?
c) C bao nhiu hm Bool 6 bin khng ph thuc bin th nht ?
d) C bao nhiu hm Bool 6 bin khng ph thuc 3 bin u tin ?

CHNG 5 : I CNG V TH
1/ V phc ha cc th v hng lin thng (n th, a th khng c cnh song song, a th
khng c vng, a th c c vng v cnh song song) c bc ca cc nh ln lt l
a) 1, 2, 2, 3 (ch c 3 trng hp u)
b) 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3 (ch c 3 trng hp u)
c) 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5
d) 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4
2/ Cho th v hng G = (V, E). Tm | V | nu
a) | E | = 12 v mi nh c bc 2
b) | E | = 21, G c 3 nh bc 4 v cc nh khc bc 5
c) | E | = 6 v mi nh c cng bc
d) | E | = 16, G c 3 nh bc 5 v cc nh khc c bc 3 v 4
3/ Cho th v hng G = (V, E).
a) | V | = 9 v mi nh c bc 5 c khng? b) | V | = 6 v cc bc l 6 s nguyn lin tip c khng?
c) Gi s mi nh c bc r l. Chng minh r | | E | d) Tm max| V | nu | E | =19 v mi nh c bc 3
4/ Cho G = (V, E). Vit ma trn k MG v v phc ha G. Gii thch ti sao G lin thng? G l n hay
a th? G c chu trnh hay ng Euler khng? Ti sao? Nu c th xc nh chng theo thut ton :
a) E = { AB(3), AF, AJ(3), BC(2), BK, CD(2), CH(2), CI, DF, DJ, FI(2), FK(2), HH(4), HJ,II(2), JK(3) }
V = { A, B, C, D, F, H, I, J, K }
b) E = { AB,AH,BC,BH,BJ,CD,CJ,CK,DF,DK,DL,FH,HI,IJ,JK,KL } v V = { A,B,C,D,F,H,I,J,K,L }
c) E = { AB, AC, AF, AH, BC, BH, CD, CH, DF(2), DI, FH } v V = { A, B, C, D, F, H, I }
d) E = { AA(2),AB,AF,BC,BD,BF,CF,CH(2),DH,DI,DJ,FI,HI,IJ,JJ(2) } v V = { A, B, C, D, F, H, I, J }
e) E = { AB(2), AD(3), BB(4), BF,BH, CC(2) ,CD,CH, DD(2 ), FF(2) ,FH } v V = { A, B, C, D, F, H }
f) E = { AB, AC, AD, AF, BD, CD, CH, CI, DF, DH, DI, FH, FI, HI } v V = { A, B, C, D, F, H, I }
g) E = { AB, AC(2), AF(2), AH(2), BF, BH(2), CD, CH, DF, FH } v V = { A, B, C, D, F, H }
Lu : AB(3) c ngha l c 3 cnh ni A vi B .
5/ Cc th v hng G. H v L di y c chu trnh Euler hay ng Euler khng ? Ti sao?
Nu c th xc nh chng theo thut ton :

6/ Cho 8 cp th v hng t (G v G), (H v H), (K v K), (L v L), (P v P), (Q v Q),

(S v S), (T v T) nh di y. Hy cho bit cp th no bao gm hai th ng cu vi nhau
( hoc khng ng cu vi nhau ) v gii thch ti sao ?

7/ a) Cho v d th ch c 1 trong 2 th : chu trnh Euler hoc chu trnh Hamilton. Tng t cho
trng hp ng Euler hoc ng Hamilton.
b) Cho v d th c 2 th : chu trnh Euler v chu trnh Hamilton. Tng t cho trng hp ng
Euler v ng Hamilton.

8/ Tm mt chu trnh Hamilton ri suy ra mt ng Hamilton cho cc th lin thng di y :

9/ Hy tm mt ng Hamilton v gii thch s khng tn ti chu trnh Hamilton cho cc th lin thng
di y:

CHNG 6 : CY
1/ V cy G = (V, E) nu G tn ti ( nu khng tn ti th gii thch ti sao? ) trong cc trng hp sau :
a) | V | = 4, 5 hoc 6
b) | V | = 8 v mi nh c bc 2
c) | V | = 8 v mi nh c bc 1
d) | V | = 8, G c 6 nh bc 2 v 2 nh bc 1
e) | V | = 8, G c 1 nh bc 7 v 7 nh bc 1
2/ Cho G = (V, E).
a) Gi s | V | | E |. Chng minh G c t nht mt chu trnh.
b) Gi s G lin thng, | V | = 13. Tm s nh v s cnh ca cy khung ca G.
c) Gi s G lin thng c cha chu trnh. Chng minh | V | | E | .
Cho v d th H ri rc c cha chu trnh nhng H c s nh nhiu hn s cnh.
d) Gi s G lin thng khng c vng v ch c mt cy khung. Chng minh G l mt cy.
3/ Cho G = (V, E) lin thng v c trng s.
a) Gi s trong cc cnh khng l vng ca G,c duy nht mt cnh c trng s nh nht (hay ln nht)
Chng minh mi cy khung nh nht (MST) [ hay ln nht (MST) ] ca G u phi i qua cnh ny.
b) Gi s trng s ca cc cnh ca G u khc nhau.
Chng minh rng G c duy nht mt cy khung nh nht v mt cy khung ln nht .

4/ Tm mt cy khung (ST) cho cc th lin thng di y :

5/ Tm mt cy khung nh nht (MST) v mt cy khung ln nht (MST) theo thut ton PRIM hay
KRUSKAL (bng cch lit k theo th t cc nh v cc cnh c chn, v v tnh trng s ca cy
khung ) cho th lin thng c trng s G di y vi yu cu MST phi i qua cnh np v khng
i qua cnh fg , MST phi i qua cnh am v khng i qua cnh ph .

6/ Tm mt cy khung nh nht (MST) v mt cy khung ln nht (MST) theo thut ton PRIM hay
KRUSKAL (bng cch lit k theo th t cc nh v cc cnh c chn, v v tnh trng s ca cy
khung ) cho cc th lin thng c trng s di y :

7/ Cho n th lin thng c trng s G di y :

a) Tm ng i ngn nht trong G ni a v g. V ng v tnh trng s ca n.

b) Yu cu nh cu a) sao cho ng ny phi i qua e.
c) Yu cu nh cu a) sao cho ng ny phi i qua cnh di .
d) Yu cu nh cu a) sao cho ng ny phi i qua cnh nj .

8/ Tm ng i ngn nht t a n cc nh khc trong cc n th lin thng c trng s di y :

( V cc ng i nh l mt cy c gc a v tnh trng s cc cy )