ASSIGNMENT ON PSCAD

ATTANAYAKE H.A.M.C.R.B.
PGEE15MSc02

CONTENT

Question No.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

Page No.
03
06
07
09
12

Q1)

r = 0.47156 /km ; x = 0.26533 /km ; l = 600 m

Connected load
= 4.5150.1 + 20.05
= 6.85 kVA
V2
P
R
R

230 2
6.85 0.95 103

R = 8.1291
X = j 2.6719

Z0 =0.047156 +
j0.026533

Z0

Z0

ZL =
8.1291 +
j2.6719
Figure 1. Single line diagram
for Q1

ZL

Z0

ZL

Z0

ZL

Z0

ZL

ZL

After converting impedance branches,

Zeq = 1.47286 + j0.511384
Itot
230
Zeq

Itot=

230<0
1.47286+ j0.511384

Itot = 147.5198 <(-19.147)

Node (1),
V1 = 230<0 - 147.5198 <(-19.147) (0.047156 + j0.026533)
= 222.15 <(-0.36) V
222.15 (0.36)
8.1291 j 2.6719
I1 =
I1 = 25.96 <(-18.56) A
Node (2),
V2 = V1 ( Itot I1) Z0
= 222.15<(-0.36) - [ 147.5198<(-19.15) - 25.96<(-18.56) ] [0.047156 + j0.026533]
= 215.685 <(-0.68) V

I2

215.685 0.68
8.1291 j 2.6719
=
= 25.206 < (-18.87) A

Node (3),
V3 = V2 - ( Itot I1 I2 ) Z0
= 215.685<(-0.68) [ 96.356<(-19.38) ] [ 0.047156 + j0.026533]
= 210.5636 < (-0.94) V
210.5636 (0.94)
8.1291 j 2.6719
I3 =
= 24. 607 <(-19.134) A
Node (4),
V4 = V3 - ( Itot I1 I2 - I3 ) Z0
= 210.5636<(-0.939) - [ 96.356<(-19.38) -24.607<(-19.134) ] (0.047156+
j0.026533)
= 206.752 < (-1.14) V
206.752 1.141
8.1291 j 2.6719
I4 =
= 24.162 < (-19.336) A
4

Node (5),
V5 = V4 ( Itot I1 I2 I3 I4) Z0
= 206.752<(-1.141) [71.7493<(-19.46) 24.16<(-19.34) ][0.047156 + j0.026533]
= 204.225<(-1.278) V
204.225 (1.278)
8.1291 j 2.6719
I5 =
= 23.867 < (-19.47) A
Node (6),
V6 = V5 (Itot I1 I2 I3 I4 - I5 ) Z0
= 204.225<(-1.28) [ 47.5874<(-19.523) 23.867<(-19.47)][0.047156 + j0.026533]
= 202.965 < (-1.348) V
202.965 (1.348)
8.1291 j 2.6719
I6 =
= 23.72<(-19.5) A
Table 1. Comparison between theoretical and simulated voltage values
Node

Voltage

Theoretical value/V

PSCAD value/V

V1

222.15 < -0.36

222.146

V2

215.68 <-0.68

215.68

V3

210.56 < -0.94

210.559

V4

206.75 < -1.14

206.747

V5

204.23< -1.28

204.221

V6

202.97< -1.35

202.960

Table 2. Comparison between theoretical and simulated current values

Node

Current

Theoretical value/A

PSCAD value/A

I1

25.96 < (-18.56)

25.96

I2

25.21 < (-18.87)

25.21

I3

24.61 < (-19.13)

24.61

I4

24.16 < (-19.34)

24.16

I5

23.87 < (-19.47)

23.866

I6

23.72 < (-19.50)

23.718
5

Q2)
Z0

IR

Z0

3.2

3.2
3.2

Z0 = (0.2852938 + j0.16052465)

Distance = 400150.1 + 2 2.5

= 605 m
P

R=

3V 2
R
400 2
50 103

= 3.2
VR = VS IR Z0
3.2 IR = 230.94 [ 0.2852938 + j0.16052465 ] IR
230.94
3.4852938 j 0.16052465
IR

=
= 66.19 < (-2.64) A

VR

= 211.8115 < (-2.64) V

Load current
Load voltage

= 66.19 < (-2.64) A

= 366.87 < (-2.64) V

Sending end power = 3 VsIs

= 3 40066.19<(-2.64)
= 45.86 kVA
Table3. Comparison of theoretical and simulated load voltage and current

Load voltage /V
366.87
366.86

Theoretical value
PSCAD value

Load current /A
66.19
66.189

Q3)
Load = 45150.1 + 20.5
R

= 68.5 MW , 0.8 pf

332
68.5

= 15.8978
X

15.8978
sin( 36.86)
0.8

= j 11.9206
T1

T2

J 100

15.8978 + j 11.9206

132/11 kV , 68.5 MVA

11/132 kV , 68.5 MVA

12 %

10 %

Let consider that Sbase = 100 MVA

Vbase = 11 kV

Reactance of T2 for new base , pu

=
=

Base voltage for transmission line

132
0.12

132

100

68.5

0.175182 pu
132 11
11

= 132 kV

Zbase

132 2
100

= 174.24
Pu reactance for transmission line

= 0.57392 pu
7

 11

11

0.10
Pu reactance for T1

100

68.5

= 0.145985 pu
33 2
100

Base impedance for load side

Zbase

= 10.89

Pu load impedance

= 1.4598 + j 1.09464 pu

Pu voltage for load bus

30
33

= 0.9091 pu
VG

0.9091 pu

j 0.145985

j 0.57392

j 0.175182

IPU

1.4598 + j 1.09464

0.90909 I PU 1.4598 j1.09464

IPU

= 0.49823 < (-36.86)

VG

= (1.4598 + j 1.9897) 0.4982 < (-36.86)

= 1.2295 < (16.87) pu

Generator terminal voltage

= 1.2295 11
= 13.5245 kV

Value obtained using PSCAD

= 13.52 kV

Q4)
Line length = 150 150.1 + 22 = 229 km
r = 0.017 /km ;

x = 0.27 /km

; Yc = 10.58 10 -6 S/km

Load = 1750150.1 + 28
= 2641 MW , 0.9 pf
Impedance of one conductor
For 4 conductors,

= 3.893 + j61.83
Z = 0.97325 + j15.4575

Short line method

0.97325 + j 15.4575

IR

VS

VR =400 kV

Line current , IR =

2641 106
3 4 105 0.9

= 4235.51 < (-25.84) A

VS

IR

VR

IRR

IRX

VS

VR + IR R cos + IR X sin
400

+ ( 4.23550.973250.9 ) + [ 4.235515.4575sin(25.84)]

= 263.188 kV
Sending end voltage

= 455.85 kV

VS sin

= IR X cos - IR R sin

230.94 sin

= (4.235515.45750.9) (4.23550.97325sin(25.84))

= 14.32

Medium Line approximation ( Nominal T method)

Z/2

IS

Z/2

IR

IC
VS

V = VR +
IC

YC

VR =400 kV

IRZ
2

= V YC

IS = IC + IR = [ VR +

= Y CVR + IR [1+

VS = V +

= VR +

IRZ
2
ZYC
2

] YC + IR

IS Z
2
IRZ
2

VRYC I R

ZYC I R
2

10


ZYC
Z 2Y
1

IR

2
4

VS =

Z = 0.97325 + j 15.4575 = 15.4881 < (86.39)

Y = 42.4228210-3 < 90 S
= 9.6912810-3 < 90 S
VS =

15.4881 (86.4) 9.69128 10 3 (90)

230.94 (0) 4.235 (25.84) 15.4881 (86.4)
2

15.4881 (86.39) 9.69128 10 3 90

= 250.917 <12.93 V
Sending end voltage

= 434.6 <12.9 kV

Long transmission line approximation

zx

I(x+x)

VS

I(x)

VR
V(x+x)

yx

dV ( x)
zI ( x )
dx
dI ( x)
yV ( x)
dx
Differentiating w.r.t x,
11

d 2V ( x)
zyV ( x)
dx 2
d 2 I ( x)
zyI ( x)
dx 2
General solution for above equation,
V ( x ) ae

zy x

be

zy x

Considering boundary conditions,

a 0.5 VR I R

z
y

b 0.5 VR I R

z
y

V ( x) cosh zy x VR sinh

cosh( zy l ) 1

z
y

ZY ZY 2

1
=

zy x I R

2!

4!

0.15 176.39 0.0225 7.22

2!
4!

= 0.9261 <0.285
2
ZY ZY
sinh( zy l ) YZ 1

3!
5!

0.15 176.4 0.0225 7.22

0.387 88.19 1

3!
5!

= 0.3777<88.3
Sending end voltage = (0.9261<0.285 230.94) + (0.3777<88.294.235<-25.84 39.97<-1.8
= 3 251.716<13.04
12

= 435.98<(13.04) kV
Table 4.Comparison of results
Method

Sending end voltage / kV

PSCAD value / kV

Short line

455.85< 14.32

452.5

Medium length

434.6 <12.9

423.5

Long line

435.9< 13.04

422.0

Q5)
j 0.08 pu
G1

11.8 kV
j 0.1 pu
G2

j 0.09 pu
G3

G1, G3 MVA = 15150.1 + 20.1

= 22.7 MVA

Sbase = 60 MVA
Vbase = 11.8 kV
Converting to new base values,
0.08
Reactance of G1 , Z pu =

60
22.7

= j 0.21145 pu
0.09
Reactance of G3

60
22.7

= j 0.237885 pu
13

G1

j 0.21145

1< 0
G2

j 0.1

1< 0

j 0.237885

1< 0

1< 0

j 0.052818 pu

G
3

pu fault current
IPU

Ibase

= 1/0.052818
= 18.9329 pu

60
3 11.8

= 2.9356 kA
Symmetrical fault current,
I3

= 18.9329 2.9356
= 55.58 kA

Fault MVA

= 311.855.58
= 1135.97 MVA
14

PSCAD simulation results , I 3 = 55.39 kA

15