Dự Án Trồng Dược Liệu Kết Hợp Rau Sạch Ngắn Ngày

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
c lp T do Hnh phc
----------- ----------
THUYT MINH D N U T
TRNG CY DC LIU
KT HP TRNG CC LOI
RAU SCH NGN NGY
A IM
: HUYN DNG MINH CHU, TNH TY NINH
CH U T : CNG TY CP THNG MI XY DNG M KHNH
Ty Ninh - Thng 10 nm 2013
CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c lp T do Hnh phc
----------- ----------
THUYT MINH D N U T
TRNG CY DC LIU
KT HP TRNG CC LOI
RAU SCH NGN NGY
CH U T
CNG TY CP THNG MI
XY DNG M KHNH
N V T VN
CNG TY CP T VN U T
THO NGUYN XANH
NGUYN TN TI
NGUYN VN MAI
Ty Ninh - Thng 10 nm 2013
MC LC
CHNG I: GII THIU CH U T V D N..............................................1
I.1. Gii thiu v ch u t.........................................................................................1
I.2. M t s b thng tin d n....................................................................................1
I.3. C s php l.......................................................................................................... 2
CHNG II: BI CNH V CN C CA D N...............................................5
II.1. Cn c xc nh s cn thit v tnh cp thit ca d n.......................................5
II.1.1. Mi trng v m v chnh sch pht trin ca t nc....................................5
II.1.2. Cc iu kin v c s ca d n..........................................................................7
II.2. Kt lun v s cn thit u t............................................................................10
CHNG III: A IM XY DNG....................................................................12
III.1. V tr xy dng...................................................................................................12
III.2. Kh hu..............................................................................................................13
III.3. a hnh- Th nhng........................................................................................13
III.4. H tng khu t xy dng d n........................................................................13
III.4.1. Hin trng s dng t....................................................................................13
III.4.2. Hin trng thng tin lin lc............................................................................13
III.4.3. Cp Thot nc.............................................................................................13
III.5. Nhn xt chung..................................................................................................13
CHNG IV: QUY M D N TIN THC HIN.....................................14
IV.1. Quy m d n.....................................................................................................14
IV.2. Cc hng mc cng trnh....................................................................................14
IV.3. Tin thc hin d n......................................................................................15
IV.3.1. Thi gian thc hin.........................................................................................15
IV.3.2. Cng vic c th..............................................................................................15
CHNG V: GII PHP THC HIN D N......................................................16
V.1. Thnh phn chnh- Cy dc liu ......................................................................16
V.1.1. Cc loi cy dc liu .....................................................................................16
V.1.2. Quy trnh thc hin .........................................................................................20
V.2. Thnh phn ph- Chn nui gia sc ..................................................................24
V.2.1. D.....................................................................................................................24
V.2.2. B..................................................................................................................... 25
V.2.3. Heo...................................................................................................................27
CHNG VI: GII PHP THIT K MT BNG V H TNG K THUT. .30
VI.1. Tiu chun thit k mt bng.............................................................................30
VI.1.1 Tiu chun v khu t xy dng......................................................................30
VI.1.2. Quy hoch mt bng tng th khu t.............................................................30
VI.2. Thit k khu sn xut dc liu.........................................................................31
VI.2.1. Tiu chun thit k nh xng........................................................................31
VI.2.2. Thit k cc khu x l dc liu.....................................................................31
VI.3. Thit k chung tri...........................................................................................34
VI.3.1. Yu cu chung h thng chung tri...............................................................34
VI.3.2. Cc b phn c bn ca khu chung tri........................................................34
VI.4. Gii php k thut.............................................................................................38

CHNG VII: NH GI TC NG MI TRNG........................................40
VII.1. nh gi tc ng mi trng..........................................................................40
VII.1.1. Gii thiu chung............................................................................................40
VII.1.2. Cc quy nh v cc hng dn v mi trng.............................................40
VII.2. Cc tc ng mi trng..................................................................................40
VII.2.1. Cc loi cht thi pht sinh............................................................................40
VII.2.2. Kh thi..........................................................................................................41
VII.2.3. Nc thi.......................................................................................................42
VII.2.4. Cht thi rn..................................................................................................43
VII.3. Bin php gim thiu tc ng mi trng......................................................43
VII.3.1. X l cht thi rn.........................................................................................43
VII.3.2. X l nc thi..............................................................................................44
VII.3.3. X l kh thi, mi hi..................................................................................44
VII.3.4. Gim thiu cc tc ng khc........................................................................45
VII.3.5. Y t, v sinh v v sinh mi trng...............................................................45
VII.4. Kt lun............................................................................................................46
CHNG VIII: TNG MC U T D N......................................................47
VIII.1. C s lp tng mc u t..............................................................................47
VIII.2. Ni dung tng mc u t..............................................................................47
VIII.2.1. Ni dung......................................................................................................47
VIII.2.2. Kt qu tng mc u t..............................................................................54
VIII.2.3. Vn lu ng...............................................................................................55
CHNG IX: NGUN VN THC HIN D N................................................56
IX.1 Cu trc tng mc u t v phn b tng mc u t.....................................56
IX.2 Tin s dng vn...........................................................................................56
IX.3 Ngun vn thc hin d n.................................................................................57
IX.4. Phng n hon tr vn vay v chi ph li vay................................................57
CHNG X: HIU QU KINH T TI CHNH CA D N..............................61
X.1. Cc gi nh kinh t v c s tnh ton...............................................................61
X.2. Tnh ton chi ph ca d n.................................................................................62
X.2.1. Chi ph nhn cng............................................................................................62
X.2.2. Chi ph hot ng.............................................................................................63
CHNG XI: KT LUN V KIN NGH............................................................69
XI.1. Kt lun.............................................................................................................69
XI.2. Kin ngh...........................................................................................................69
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
KT HP TRNG CC LOI RAU SCH NGN NGY
CHNG I: GII THIU CH U T V D N

I.1. Gii thiu v ch u t
Ch u t
: Cng ty C phn Thng mi Xy dng M Khnh
M s thu
: 0312290424
i din php lut
: Nguyn Tn Ti
Chc v: Gim c
a ch tr s
: 19 Phm Thi Bng, Phng Tn Phong, Qun 7, Tp.H Ch Minh
I.2. M t s b thng tin d n
Tn d n
: D n trng cy dc liu kt hp trng cc loi rau sch ngn ngy
a im xy dng : Huyn Dng Minh Chu, Tnh Ty Ninh
Din tch t
: 300,000m2 (30 ha)
Thnh phn d n
: D n trng cy dc liu kt hp kt hp trng cc loi rau sch
ngn ngy bao gm 2 thnh phn sau:
+ Thnh phn chnh : Trng cc loi cy dc liu p dng tiu chun GACP-WHO theo
khuyn co ca T chc Y t th gii nh: inh lng, Ngh vng, Ngh en, Mung tru, Trinh
n hong cung, Qu chi, L hi, Ng gia b, Gio c lam, Du gi, Hong n Ba kch, X en,
Mt nhn, Dm dng hoc v mt s loi cy ng dc c gi tr cao khc.
+ Thnh phn ph
: Trng rau theo tiu chun VietGAP vi cc loi rau gia v: Rau
thm, hng qu, ng gai, h, hnh ty, hnh tm; hnh cn, rau dip c, s, tv cc loi rau
xanh khc.
Mc ch u t
:
- Trng cy dc liu nhm bo tn, pht trin bn vng ngun ti nguyn thin nhin quc
gia, gp phn nng cao cht lng dc liu v tin ti ha hp trong khu vc v trn th gii v
kinh doanh, xut nhp khu dc phm ni chung v thuc ng y, thuc t dc liu ni ring.
- Trng rau an ton theo tiu chun VietGAP gp phn thay i phng thc sn xut rau
truyn thng sang sn xut nng sn sch.
- Gp phn pht trin bn vng an ninh lng thc, an ninh y t v an sinh x hi.
- To vic lm v nng cao mc sng cho lao ng a phng
- ng gp cho thu ngn sch mt khon t li nhun kinh doanh
Hnh thc u t
: u t xy dng mi
Hnh thc qun l
: Ch u t trc tip qun l d n thng qua ban Qun l d n do
ch u t thnh lp.
Tng mc u t
: 11,348,046,000 ng
Vng i d n
: Trong vng 12 nm, bt u xy dng t qu 3 nm 2012 v i vo
hot ng t qu 2 nm 2013.
I.3. C s php l
Vn bn php l
Lut Xy dng s 16/2003/QH11 ngy 26/11/2003 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN Vit
Nam;
Lut Dc ngy 14 thng 6 nm 2005;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut ngy 29 thng 6 nm 2006;
Lut Cht lng sn phm, hng ha ngy 21 thng 11 nm 2007;
Lut sa i, b sung mt s iu ca cc Lut lin quan n u t xy dng c bn ca
Quc hi kha XII, k hp th 5 s 38/2009/QH12 ngy 19/6/2009;
Lut t ai s 13/2003/QH11 ngy 26/11/2003 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut u t s 59/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut Doanh nghip s 60/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN Vit
Nam;
Lut u thu s 61/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut Kinh doanh Bt ng sn s 63/2006/QH11 ngy 29/6/2006 ca Quc Hi nc
CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut Thu thu nhp doanh nghip s 14/2008/QH12 ngy 03/6/2008 ca Quc Hi nc
CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut Bo v mi trng s 52/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN
Vit Nam;
B lut Dn s s 33/2005/QH11 ngy 14/6/2005 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut thu Gi tr gia tng s 13/2008/QH12 ngy 03/6/2008 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN
Vit Nam;
Ngh nh s 12/2009/N-CP ngy 12/02/2009 ca Chnh ph v vic Qun l d n u t
xy dng cng trnh;
Ngh nh s 124/2008 N-CP ngy 11 thng 12 nm 2008 ca Chnh Ph v thu thu nhp
doanh nghip;
Ngh nh s 123/2008/N-CP ngy 08/12/2008 ca Chnh ph Qui nh chi tit thi hnh
Lut Thu gi tr gia tng;
Ngh nh 140/2006/N-CP ca Chnh ph ngy 22 thng 11 nm 2006 quy nh vic bo
v mi trng trong cc khu lp, thm nh, ph duyt v t chc thc hin cc chin lc, quy
hoch, k hoch, chng trnh v d n pht trin;
Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006 ca Chnh ph v vic qui nh
chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut bo v mi trng;
Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008 ca Chnh ph v sa i b sung mt s
iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit
v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng;
Ngh nh s 99/2007/N-CP ngy 13/06/2009 ca Chnh ph v qun l chi ph u t xy
dng cng trnh;
Ngh nh s 35/2003/N-CP ngy 4/4/2003 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit mt s iu
lut phng chy v cha chy;
Ngh nh s 209/2004/N-CP ngy 16/12/2004 ca Chnh ph v vic Qun l cht lng
cng trnh xy dng v Ngh nh s 49/2008/N-CP ngy 18/04/2008 ca Chnh ph v vic
sa i b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh 2009/2004/N-CP;
Ngh nh s 188/2007/N-CP ngy 27 thng 12 nm 2007 ca Chnh ph quy nh chc
nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Y t;
Ngh nh s 79/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thi
hnh mt s iu ca Lut Dc;
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 01 thng 8 nm 2007 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit
thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut;
Thng t s 12/2008/TT-BXD ngy 07/05/2008 ca B xy dng hng dn vic lp v
qun l chi ph kho st xy dng;
Thng t s 05/2009/TT-BXD ngy 15/04/2009 ca B Xy dng hng dn iu chnh d
ton xy dng cng trnh;
Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng
hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v
mi trng;
Thng t s 33/2007/TT-BTC ngy 09/4/2007 ca B Ti chnh hng dn quyt ton d
n hon thnh thuc ngun vn nh nc;
Thng t s 72/2011/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 25/10/2011 ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin
nng thn ban hnh Quy chun k thut quc gia v kho nghim, kim nh ging vt nui;
Thng t s 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/9/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng
dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi
trng;
Thng t s 16/2011/TT-BYT ngy 19/4/2011 v/v quyt nh nguyn tc sn xut thuc t
dc liu v l trnh p dng nguyn tc, tiu chun thc hnh tt sn xut thuc (GMP) i vi
c s sn xut thuc t dc liu;
Thng t s 14/2009/TT-BYT ngy 3/9/2009 v/v hng dn trin khai p dng cc nguyn
tc, tiu chun thc hnh tt trng trt v thu hi cy thuc theo khuyn co ca T chc Y t
th gii
Cng vn s 1777/BXD-VP ngy 16/08/2007 ca B Xy dng v vic cng b nh mc
d ton xy dng cng trnh - Phn lp t h thng in trong cng trnh, ng v ph tng ng,
ph tng v thit b khai thc nc ngm;
Cng vn s 1779/BXD-VP ngy 16/08/2007 ca B Xy dng v vic cng b nh mc
d ton xy dng cng trnh - Phn Kho st xy dng;
Quyt nh s 10/2008/Q-TTg ngy 16/1/2008 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ph
duyt Chin lc pht trin chn nui n nm 2020;
Quyt nh s 154/2006/Q-TTg ngy 30 thng 6 nm 2006 ca Th tng Chnh ph v
vic ph duyt n Qun l Nh nc v dc phm, an ton v sinh thc phm, m phm
giai on 2006 - 2015;
Quyt nh s 43/2007/Q-TTg ngy 29 thng 3 nm 2007 ca Th tng Chnh ph v
vic ph duyt n Pht trin cng nghip Dc v xy dng m hnh h thng cung ng
thuc ca Vit Nam giai on 2007 - 2015 v tm nhn n nm 2020;
Quyt nh s 24/2007/Q-BKHCN ngy 28 thng 9 nm 2007 ca B Khoa hc v Cng
ngh ban hnh Quy nh v chng nhn hp chun, chng nhn hp quy v cng b hp chun,
cng b hp quy;
nh mc chi ph qun l d n v t vn u t xy dng km theo Quyt nh s 957/QBXD ngy 29/9/2009 ca B Xy dng;
Cc tiu chun p dng
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
D n trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc c thc hin trn nhng tiu
chun, quy chun chnh nh sau:
Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam (tp 1, 2, 3 xut bn 1997-BXD);
Quyt nh s 04 /2008/Q-BXD ngy 03/4/2008. Ban hnh Quy
chun k thut Quc gia v Quy hoch xy dng (QCVN: 01/2008/BXD);
Thng t s 71/2011/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 25/10/2011 ban hnh Quy
chun k thut quc gia lnh vc Th y;
Thng t s 43/2011/TT-BNNPTNT, ngy 07 thng 6 nm 2011, v
vic Ban hnh Quy chun k thut quc gia v kho nghim, kim nh
ging vt nui;
QCVN 01 - 13: 2009/BNNPTNT : Quy chun k thut quc gia:
Thc n chn nui - hm lng khng sinh, ha dc, vi sinh vt v kim
loi nng ti a cho php trong thc n cho b v b tht;
Tiu chun ngnh 10 TCN 548-2002: Thit b ti dng trong nng
nghip u ti - c im k thut v phng php th;
nghip Vi phun Yu cu chung v phng php th;
nghip H thng ng ti - c im k thut v phng php th;
K thut chn nui b sa, thnh phn v yu t nh hng n sn
lng sa (Cm nang chn nui gia sc gia cm Hi chn nui Vit Nam
Nh xut bn Nng nghip)
TCVN 2737-1995 : Ti trng v tc ng- Tiu chun thit k;
TCXD 45-1978
: Tiu chun thit k nn nh v cng trnh;
TCVN 5760-1993 : H thng cha chy - Yu cu chung thit k
lp t v s dng;
TCVN 5738-2001 : H thng bo chy t ng - Yu cu k thut;
TCVN-62:1995
: H thng PCCC cht chy bt, kh;
TCVN 6160 1996 : Yu cu chung v thit k, lp t, s dng h
thng cha chy;
TCVN 4760-1993 : H thng PCCC - Yu cu chung v thit k;
TCVN 5576-1991 : H thng cp thot nc - quy phm qun l k
thut;
TCXD 51-1984
: Thot nc - mng li bn trong v ngoi
cng trnh - Tiu chun thit k;
TCVN 5687-1992 : Tiu chun thit k thng gi - iu tit khng
kh - si m;
11TCN 19-84
: ng dy in;
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
CHNG II: BI CNH V CN C CA D N

II.1. Cn c xc nh s cn thit v tnh cp thit ca d n
II.1.1. Kinh t v m
Khu vc ng tin chung chu u c tn hiu tch cc vi s n t hng gia tng
trong nhng thng gn y. Mc d vy, tnh hnh kinh t th gii nhn chung cha c nhiu ci
thin r nt. Tht nghip vn ang l mi quan tm ln ti cc nn kinh t ang pht trin. Sn
xut kinh doanh trong nc mc d c chuyn bin tch cc nhng tc vn chm. Mc tiu
th sn phm hng ha cha cao, nht l khu vc sn xut trong nc.
Tng sn phm trong nc (GDP) chn thng nm 2013 c tnh tng 5.14% so vi cng
k nm trc (Mc tng cng k ca nm 2011 l 6.03% v nm 2012 l 5.10%), trong qu I
tng 4.76%; qu II tng 5.00%; qu III tng 5.54%. Trong mc tng chung ca ton nn kinh t,
khu vc nng, lm nghip v thy sn tng 2.39%, ng gp 0.44 im phn trm; khu vc cng
nghip v xy dng tng 5.20%, ng gp 1.99 im phn trm; khu vc dch v tng 6.25%,
ng gp 2.71 im phn trm.
Khu vc dch v tip tc l khu vc ng gp ch yu vo mc tng trng chung ca
nn kinh t vi mc tng ca mt s ngnh chim t trng ln nh sau: Ngnh bn bun v bn
l tng 5.92%; ngnh kinh doanh bt ng sn tng 1.91%; ngnh dch v lu tr v n ung tng
9.66%; hot ng ti chnh, ngn hng v bo him tng 6.69%; gio dc v o to tng 7.98%;
vn ti kho bi tng 5,65%.
Khu vc nng, lm nghip v thy sn; khu vc cng nghip v xy dng l hai khu vc
c mc tng thp hn. Thi tit khng thun li, gi bn sn phm mc thp trong khi chi ph
u vo mc cao trong khu vc nng, lm nghip v thy sn cng vi kh khn v vn, tiu
th sn phm v mc tn kho cao trong khu vc cng nghip v xy dng l nguyn nhn ch
yu tc ng tiu cc n tng trng ca hai khu vc. Tuy nhin, ngnh cng nghip ch bin
ch to - ngnh chim t trng ln trong nn kinh t c chuyn bin tch cc vi tc tng
ngy cng cao hn trong nm: Qu I tng 4.60%; qu II tng 6.90%; qu III tng 8.57%.
Quy m tng sn phm trong nc 9 thng nm nay theo gi hin hnh c tnh t
2420.9 nghn t ng, trong khu vc nng, lm nghip v thy sn chim 17.85%; khu vc
cng nghip v xy dng chim 37.86%; khu vc dch v chim 44.29%.
Tc tng tng sn phm trong nc 9 thng 2011, 2012 v 2013 (Ngun: TCTK)
Tc tng so vi cng k nm trc (%)
9 thng
9 thng
9 thng
ng gp ca cc khu vc
nm 2011
nm 2012
nm 2013
vo tng trng 9 thng 2013
(im phn trm)
Tng s
6.03
5.10
5.14
5.14
Nng, lm
3.74
2.50
2.39
0.44
nghip v thy
sn
Cng nghip v
6.75
5.76
5.20
1.99
xy dng
Dch v
6.43
5.66
6.25
2.71
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Kt lun: Mc d hin ti nn kinh t chung ang gp nhiu kh khn, bt n v thi tit
nhng lng thc v sc khe lun l nhu cu thit yu ca cuc sng, hai lnh vc ny lun
nm trong chnh sch pht trin t nc ca Chnh ph. V vy, d n Trng cy dc liu kt
hp trng cc loi rau sch ngn ngy ti huyn Dng Minh Chu, tnh Ty Ninh ph hp vi
mi trng v m v mc tiu pht trin ca t nc. y l cn c xc nh tnh cp thit
ca d n nhm bo m an ninh lng thc, an ninh y t.
II.1.2. Ngnh dc liu
Nc ta nm trong vng kh hu nhit i gi ma nng m nn c ngun ti nguyn
thc vt phong ph v a dng vi khong 10,350 loi thc vt bc cao, 800 loi ru, 600 loi
nm v hn 2,000 loi to. Kt qu iu tra, c nc ghi nhn c 3,948 loi thc vt v nm
ln c th s dng lm thuc, trong c hng chc loi c gi tr cha bnh cao.
Tng sn lng dc liu Vit Nam hng nm c tnh khong t 3 - 5 nghn tn. Mt
s dc liu qu c th gii cng nhn v c tim nng pht trin rt ln nh: hi, trinh n
hong cung, qu, atis, sm Ngc Linh, trm, thanh hao hoa vng, hoa he...Tuy nhin, trong
mt thi gian di, do thiu s kho st nh gi, iu tra v bo v nn vng phn b t nhin
ca nhiu loi cy thuc b suy gim nghim trng do khai thc mt cch cn kit. Nhiu vng
rng c cy thuc phong ph nay hon ton b ph b nh khu vc ni Hm Rng (Sa Pa, Lo
Cai); cao nguyn An Kh (thuc hai tnh Gia Lai v Bnh nh)..., thm ch nhiu loi c nguy c
tuyt chng. Hin nay c 144 loi cy thuc din qu him c nguy c tuyt chng cn c bo
tn: sm Ngc Linh (mt trong bn loi sm gi tr nht th gii), sm V Dip, tam tht hoang,
ng sm, ba kch, thanh mc hng, bch hp.
Mc d l mt t nc c ngun dc liu phong ph nhng ngnh dc liu ca nc
ta cha pht trin v chng ta cha c ngnh cng nghip v dc liu mnh c th s ch, ch
bin, bo qun tt. Ngun dc liu km cht lng khin nhu cu tiu th gim lm nng dn
v doanh nghip kinh doanh dc liu u gp kh khn. Ngoi ra, ngun dc liu cht lng
km t bin gii nhp khu khng kim sot c gi r hn trong nc cng lm cho nng dn v
doanh nghip kinh doanh dc liu khn kh... Hn na, mc d nhiu a phng c y cc
iu kin trng trt dc liu c gi tr cao, nhng do cch lm manh mn, t pht, thiu lin
kt v th trng dc liu khng n nh nn vic pht trin cc vng dc liu hin nay khng
thun li.
vc dy ngnh dc liu, Chnh ph, B Y t c nhiu chnh sch, gii php h
tr ngnh dc liu trong nc. Bn thn cc doanh nghip dc liu v ang thc hin qun
l cht lng sn xut dc liu theo tiu chun thc hnh nui trng, thu hi v sn xut tt.
Hin c nc c hn 300 c s sn xut thuc t dc liu trong nc, trong c 10 c s sn
xut ng dc t tiu chun thc hnh tt sn xut thuc ca T chc Y t Th gii (GMP WHO). Hn 1,000 s ng k thuc t dc liu cn hiu lc. Bn cnh thuc cao n, hon, tn
c truyn, thuc ng dc sn xut trong nc hin kh ph bin di cc dng bo ch nh
vin nang cng, nang mm, cao dn thm qua da.
Trong nc cng c mt s c s trng trt dc liu t tiu chun VietGAP, nhiu
n v ang trin khai p dng nguyn tc "thc hnh tt trng trt, thu hi cy thuc". Bn cnh
, cng c nhng c s ch bin thc hin vic thu mua dc liu, lo u ra cho cc h trng
trt, kt hp cc hot ng tp hun quy trnh k thut, cung cp ging cy trng, phn bn cho
nh nng, hnh thnh cc vng dc liu trng im... Gii php gn kt cht ch gia 3 nh: nh
nng nh doanh nghip nh khoa hc l gii php cn thit ly li nim t ho cho thuc
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Nam t Vit.
Kt lun: Nc ta c ngun dc liu v cng phong ph, nhng bn thn ngnh dc
liu cha pht trin ng vi tim nng. V nhn thc c tm quan trng ca nguyn liu u
vo m bo to c vin thuc an ton, cht lng, hiu qu bo v sc khe con ngi,
Cng ty C phn Thng mi Xy dng M Khnh chng ti xc nh y chnh l yu t xc
nh s cn thit u t d n.
II.1.3. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th rau an ton
Rau l thc phm quan trng thng xuyn v khng th thiu hng ngy ca con ngi, c
bit i vi nhng dn tc chu trong c Vit Nam. Vit Nam l nc c iu kin kh hu v
th nhng kh thun li cho vic sn xut cc loi rau, hoa, qu phc v cho nhu cu tiu dng
trong nc cng nh xut khu.
Nhiu m hnh sn xut rau hin nay t hiu qu kinh t cao, gi tr thu nhp t 400 500
triu VND/ha/nm v cao hn. Tuy nhin sn xut rau, nht l rau an ton nc ta cn gp nhiu
kh khn v bt cp: cng tc quy hoch cha c quan tm ng mc; vic p dng cc bin
php k thut tin tin, hin i trong sn xut cha c h tr gii quyt tha ng; th trng,
xc tin thng mi, khuyn khch h tr hot ng xut khu cha c quan tm ng mc. c
bit l cht lng RAT khi phn tch vn cn d lng Nitrate, thuc tr su v cc vi sinh vt gy
hi cn kh cao. Vic qun l, sn xut RAT cn phi c quan tm c bit v cng l nhng vn
cn c gii quyt ngay trong thi gian hin nay v nhng nm tip theo.
Theo s liu t cc S NN & PTNT nm 2012 din tch trng rau c nc c t khong
823,728 ha (tng 103.7% so vi nm 2011), nng sut c t 170 t/ha (tng 102% so vi nm
2011), sn lng c t 14.0 triu tn (tng 106% so vi nm 2011); trong min Bc din tch
c t 357.5 nghn ha, nng sut c t 160 t/ha, sn lng d kin t 5.7 triu tn; min Nam
din tch c t 466.2 nghn ha, nng sut d kin t 178 t/ha, sn lng d kin t 8.3 triu
tn.
Bng 1: Din tch gieo trng rau nm 2011-2012Cc tnh
Nm 2011
c nm 2012
C nc
794,243
823,728
Min Bc
302,808
357,551
BSH
127,808
159,7690
ng Bc
90,293
94,167
Ty Bc
21,897
9,161
Bc Trung B
84.667
94,454
Min Nam
491,435
466,177
DH Nam Trung B
62,651
64,809
Ty Nguyn
123,859
87,361
ng Nam B
83,105
67,768
BSCL
221,819
246,240
Qua tp hp bo co ca 46 S Nng nghip v PTNT n ht thng 9/2012:
- S din tch c S Nng nghip v PTNT cp Giy chng nhn iu kin sn xut
rau an ton theo quy nh ti Quyt nh s 99/2008/Q-BNN ngy 15/ 10/ 2008 ca B Nng
nghip v PTNT Quy nh qun l sn xut, kinh doanh rau, qu v ch an ton l 6,310.9 ha.
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
- S din tch rau sn xut theo hng an ton (nng dn p dng quy trnh sn xut an
ton nhng cha c chng nhn) l 16.796,71 ha.
- S din tch c 20 tnh quy hoch sn xut rau an ton l 7,996.035 ha.
Cng qua tp hp bo co ca 46 S Nng nghip v PTNT v 12 t chc chng nhn
VietGAP n ht thng 9/2012 s din tch rau c cp Giy chng nhn VietGAP v cc GAP
khc (GlobalGAP, MetroGAP) l 491.19ha.
Trong nm 2012, Cc Trng trt thnh lp 3 on kim tra iu kin sn xut rau m bo
an ton thc phm ti 22 tnh, thnh ph (An Giang, Sc Trng, Bnh nh, Gia Lai, Ninh Thun,
Ty Ninh, Qung Ngi, Qung Bnh, H Tnh, Qung Ninh, Ph Th, Ha Bnh, Lng Sn, Thi
Bnh, Hi Phng, Hi Dng, Bc Ninh, Lo Cai, Yn Bi, Tuyn Quang, Sn La, H Giang).
Tnh hnh chung v tiu th rau an ton cho thy:
+ V hnh thc tiu th
Sn xut rau ni chung, rau an ton ni ring c tiu th theo mt s hnh thc chnh nh
sau:
- Ngi sn xut sau khi thu hoch, t mang i tiu th ti cc ch.
- Bn bun c rung: t thng ch ng n thu hoch v mang i tiu th ti cc ch u
mi. Hnh thc ny ngi sn xut bn cho t thng thp hn gi bn l ti ch 20 - 30% .
- Bn bun cho ngi thu gom: mt s ch i l trong vng ng ra thu gom sn phm sau
thu hoch tiu th i phng v cc tnh ln cn.
Ngoi ra mt s tnh cn c hnh thc tiu th nh:
- Tiu th rau thng qua k kt hp ng: Cc Hp tc x, doanh nghip, t lin kt k
hp ng thu mua rau tiu th ti cc siu th, ca hng.
- Tiu th thng qua cc mi tiu th n nh: bp n cng nghi p , bp n nh tr, trng
hc,...
+ V cng tc qun l rau an ton ti ch u mi
Hin nay theo bo co c 10/32 tnh c ch u mi tiu th rau, rau an ton (Qung Tr,
Bnh Dng, B Ra- Vng Tu, H Ni, Nng, Lm ng, H Ch Minh, Hng Yn, Vnh
Phc, Bc Liu).
S Nng nghip v PTNT mt s tnh, thnh (H Ch Minh, H Ni,) hng nm phi hp
vi Ban qun l cc ch u mi t chc cc t kim tra, ly mu rau kim tra cht lung. Nu
pht hin mu c d lng thuc BVTV hoc hm lng Nitrat vt ngng theo quy nh s ra
vn bn thng bo Ban qun l ch c bin php qun l tt hn ngun gc rau.
Tuy nhin cng tc qun l cht lng rau ti cc ch c trin khai nhng cha ph bin,
cha c ch trng trn c nc, ch yu l cc t thng t tm ngun hng, thu mua cc ni
khc v tiu th. Bn cnh , vic sn xut rau an ton cng mi bt u bng vic chng nhn
iu kin sn xut, sn lng rau c sn xut t cc vng ny cha to thnh khi lng hng
ho ln.
+ V Gi c
Mt s ni rau an ton c gi cao hn gi rau thng thng t 10-20% nn em li thu nhp
cao cho ngi dn v cao hn nhiu ln sn xut la, ng v mt s cy ngn ngy khc (mt s
vng sn xut rau an ton tp trung, tng thu trung bnh t 400-500 triu ng/ha/nm, cao t 700800 triu ng/ha/nm ...).
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Nhng kh khn trong sn xut rau an ton:
Tnh trng sn xut manh mn, nh l, ging rau sn xut ch yu l ging F1 nhp ni, trnh
sn xut thp cn kh ph bin; nhn thc v thc trch nhim ca s ng ngi sn xut v
rau an ton cn cha cao, vn cn tnh trng s mu rau c d lng thuc BVTV, nitrate, kim loi
nng, trong khi cha c quy nh v hm lng Nitrate trong rau ca B Y t tham chiu x l.
- Mt s a phng xy dng, ph duyt n, k hoch pht trin sn xut rau an ton
tuy nhin khng c kinh ph trin khai. Do , cng tc quy hoch, xc nh cc vng sn xut
rau an ton iu kin cn chm.
- Lc lng qun l nh nc, kim tra, gim st cha mnh, cn dn tri, phn cng
trch nhim cn chng cho gia cc B ngnh, gia cc n v trong B; cc vn bn quy phm
php lut cha n nh. Cng tc thng tin, tuyn truyn cha thc s su rng; cng tc kim tra,
gim st, x l vi phm cn rt hn ch.
- Nhiu m hnh, nhiu a phng u t kinh ph sn xut rau an ton nhng cha gn
kt c khu sn xut v th trng tiu th, s lin kt hp tc gia ngi sn xut, thng nhn,
dch v cng vi nh khoa hc, chnh sch ca nh nc cha cht ch v cha hnh thnh chui
nng cao gi tr ca rau an ton; sn phm tiu th vi gi khng cao hn sn phm thng, ngi
tiu dng cha tht s tin tng vo rau an ton.
- S ng ngi tiu dng cha hiu bit y v ATTP, thi quen mua bn t do cn ph
bin, trong khi vic sn xut rau an ton cha c ngi dn p dng trn i tr, ch yu c
thc hin thng qua cc chng trnh, d n ca Trung ng, tnh. Do vy cha hnh thnh th
trng tiu th rau an ton ring bit, sn phm rau an ton vn c tiu th cng vi cc loi rau
khc, thiu thng tin v cc sn phm rau an ton, qun l nh nc cha gip ngi tiu dng phn
bit c sn phm an ton v cha an ton trn th trng do rau an ton cha c x l y
cc khu s ch, ng gi v in m vch theo ng quy nh nn khi by bn trn th trng cha c
khc bit so vi cc sn phm rau thng thng.
Phn ln gi bn cc sn phm rau an ton v rau thng thng cha c s khc bit nhiu
v thng khng n nh, gi thng cao vo u v cui v sn xut (cao gp 1.5 - 2 ln) so vi
gi bn gia v.
Kt lun: Trng rau an ton khng ch gim chi ph sn xut do hn ch s dng phn bn
ha hc m cn bo m sc khe ngi trng cng nh ngi tiu dng, bo v h sinh thi ng
rung v mi sinh; Cng ty C phn Thng mi Xy dng M Khnh chng ti xc nh y
chnh l yu t xc nh s cn thit u t d n.
II.2. Cc iu kin v c s ca d n
II.2.1. Chnh sch pht trin ca Chnh ph
Chnh ph rt quan tm n vn v sinh an ton thc phm (VSATTP), h thng vn bn
quy phm php lut v v sinh, an ton thc phm c ban hnh rt nhiu. Trong 5 nm 20042008 c hn 1.267 vn bn quy phm php lut ban hnh qun cht lng v sinh an ton thc
phm. (Trong , cc c quan Trung ng ban hnh 337 vn bn, cc c quan a phng ban hnh
930 vn bn.)
- Php lnh V sinh an ton thc phm, . c y ban Thng v QH kha XI thng qua
ngy 26-7-2003 do Ch tch nc k. Lnh cng b ngy 7-8-2003, c hiu lc t ngy 1-11-2003.
Php lnh gm 7 chng, 54 iu nhm bo v tnh mng, sc khe ca mcon ngi, duy tr. v pht
trin n.i ging; tng cng hiu lc qun l. nh nc v v sinh an ton thc phm;
Nhng vn bn quan trng lin quan n sn xut v tiu th rau an ton:
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
- Quyt nh s 149/2007/Q-TTg ngy 10-9-2007 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ph
duyt Chng tr.nh mc tiu quc gia v sinh an ton thc phm giai on 2006 2010 vi ch
trng x. hi ha cht lng v sinh an ton thc phm.
- Quyt nh s 147/2008/Q -TTg ngy 17 thng 11 nm 2008 ca Th tng chnh
ph v vic Ph duyt hnh ng quc gia y nhanh thc hin cam kt vi Hip nh v v
sinh an ton thc phm v kim dch ng thc vt (SPS) p ng ngha v thnh vin WTO
- Quyt nh s 107/2008/Q-TTg ngy 30thng 7 nm 2008 v: Mt s chnh sch
h tr pht trin sn xut, ch bin, tiu th rau, qu, ch an ton n nm 2015
- Quyt nh s 59/2006/Q-BNN ngy 2/8/2006 ca B Nng nghip v PTNT v
vic B sung mt s loi thuc bo v thc vt vo danh mc thuc BVTV c php s
dng Vit Nam
- Quyt nh s 59/2006/Q-BNN ngy 2/8/2006 ca B Nng nghip v PTNT v
vic Ban hnh Quy nh v qun l. thuc BVTV
- Quyt nh s 04/Q-BNN ngy 19/1/2007 ca B Nng nghip v PTNT v Quy
nh v qun l. sn xut v chng nhn RAT trong c quy nh v th tc chng nhn
iu kin sn xut rau an ton v th tc cp giy chng nhn RAT.
- Quyt nh s 106/ 2007/Q-BNN ngy 28 thng 12 nm 2007 ca B trng B
Nng nghip v PTNT v quy nh qun l., sn xut v kinh doanh rau an ton;
Mi trng thc hin d n
Hnh: V tr tnh Ha Bnh
10
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Tnh Ty Ninh c li th ln so vi cc tnh khc trong khu vc sn xut rau an ton, l
qu t ca tnh cn kh nhiu pht trin m hnh rau an ton theo hng sn xut hng ho.
Hin, trn a bn tnh c hng nghn ha t chuyn canh trng rau, ln nht l huyn Trng
Bng, tip l cc huyn: Dng Minh Chu, Bn Cu v Tn Bin. Hu ht cc vng chuyn
canh 9 huyn, th x ca Ty Ninh u t tiu ch v sn xut rau an ton. Tuy nhin, din tch
v sn lng ca loi cy trng ny cn hn ch, do cha c quy hoch nn vic cng nhn rau
an ton ang gp kh khn. T nm 2009 n nay, vi ngun kinh ph ca nh nc, ti Ty
Ninh thnh lp c cc m hnh sn xut rau an ton ti th x Ty Ninh, huyn Chu Thnh,
huyn G Du, huyn Ha Thnh v huyn Dng Minh Chu. Cc c s ny c chng
nhn iu kin sn xut rau an ton, hin ti ang theo di, kim tra chng nhn sn xut
theo quy trnh.
Kt lun: Tm li, tnh Ha Bnh hi t nhng iu kin v v tr a l, iu kin t
nhin v kinh t x hi d n Trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc c hnh
thnh.
Th trng
+ u vo
1. Vin Dc liu - B Y t
a ch: 3B Quang Trung, Qun Hon Kim - H Ni
in thoi: (84-4) 8252644
Fax: (84-4) 9349072
Emai: htqt-imm@hn.vnn.vn,
2. Trung tm Ti nguyn thc vt Vit Nam
a ch: An Khnh - Hoi c - H Ni
in thai: (04) 33845802
E-Mail: pgrvietnam@gmail.com / pgrc@hn.vnn.vn
Vin Dc liu v Trung tm Ti nguyn thc vt Vit Nam l 2 ni c Cng ty
Dophuco la chn lm th trng u vo, cung cp ngun ging cy trng dc liu cho d
n ca chng ti. 2 c quan u ngnh ny c chc nng:
- Cung cp ngun ging, cy trng dc liu.
- Chuyn giao tin b k thut v cc ngun gen c kh nng m rng sn xut,
- o to, bi dng kin thc, t vn cc vn lin quan n ti nguyn di truyn thc
vt.
+ u ra
Thuc t dc liu thu c trong sut qu trnh hot ng ca d n (u vo ca d n)
ngoi vic cung cp cho chnh cng ty ch qun l Dophuco, cn phc v cho cc ca hng dc
liu, cng ty dc liu cng nh cc quy thuc Min Bc v Min Nam.
Kt lun: D n c thun li v th trng cung cp ngun ging cy trng cng nh th
trng tiu th sn phm.
II.2. Kt lun v s cn thit u t
t lu, vn n nh cht lng dc liu, bn thnh phm ng dc (v d nh cao
dc liu) cng nh cc loi thuc thnh phm t dc liu Vit Nam v ang c cc nh
11
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
khoa hc, cc c s sn xut thuc trong ngnh Dc tm cch gii quyt nhng vn cha c gii
php tha ng. Cho n nay, th trng dc liu Vit Nam vn trong tnh trng th ni, thiu
s qun l ca cc c quan y t (v chng loi, cht lng, tnh chun xc, quy trnh ch bin,
cch bo qun, ) v c quan qun l th trng (v gi c).
Cng nh thuc Tn dc, thuc ng dc c hiu lc, an ton v cht lng n nh
th ton b quy trnh sn xut phi c tiu chun ha. Trong , tiu chun ha nguyn liu
u vo l khu c bn nht. Ring i vi dc liu c ngun gc thc vt th vic tiu chun
ha phi bt u t quy trnh trng trt v thu hi cy thuc hoang d trong t nhin. Hin nay,
cc dy chuyn sn xut thuc ni chung, trong c thuc ng dc Vit Nam ang c
xy dng, hoc tng bc nng cp t tiu chun Thc hnh tt sn xut thuc GMP.
y l mt yu cu cn thit c thuc tt. Ring i vi thuc ng dc, nu nguyn liu
u vo khng n nh v cht lng th thnh phm thuc (u ra) cng khng t yu cu v
cht lng, cho d thuc c sn xut nh my t tiu chun GMP theo T chc Y t Th
gii (WHO). chnh l nguyn nhn khin cho cht lng ca nhiu loi thuc ng dc
Vit Nam hin nay tht thng, k c cht lng ca cc gi thuc thang cc c s khm, cha
bnh v kinh doanh thuc ng y. c bit, trc xu th hi nhp kinh t khu vc v trn th
gii, cc x nghip Dc ca nc ngoi s a sn phm ca h vo Vit Nam, v ngc li,
chng ta cng cn a dc liu v thuc ng dc ca Vit Nam ra th trng nc ngoi.
cho thuc ca ta gi c thng hiu v cnh tranh c vi cc sn phm cng loi ca nc
ngoi (thm ch ngay trn th trng trong nc) th qu trnh trng trt, thu hi nguyn liu lm
thuc khng th coi nh vic tiu chun ha. iu ny c ngha l phi to ra ngun dc liu c
hm lng hot cht cao theo tiu chun ca GACP.
Nhn thy nhu cu ca x hi, sau khi nghin cu v nm vng cc yu t kinh t v k
thut trong lnh vc dc liu, cng ty TNHH Dophuco chng ti quyt nh u t xy dng d
n Trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc ti huyn Bc, tnh Ha Bnh, mt ni
c kh hu n ha, ngun nc di do v t ai mu m trn vng ni cao Ty Bc. Vng t
ny ha hn s l trang tri ln nht, hin i nht tnh Ha Bnh bng vic p dng nhng k
thut tin tin nht hin nay sn xut nhng loi dc liu qu v kt hp c chn nui gia
sc. T chng ti tin tng rng khng bao lu na nhn dn trong tnh cng nh Vit Nam s
c hng th cc loi thuc dc liu v cc sn phm t tht m d n em li vi cht lng
v gi c cnh tranh.
Rau l loi thc phm khng th thiu trong ba n hng ngy ca con ngi, rau cung
cp nhiu Vitamin, cht khong, cht x v rau c tnh dc liu cao m cc thc phm khc
khng th thay th c. Rau c s dng hng ngy vi s lng ln, vn kim sot cht
lng v v sinh an ton thc phm lun c mi ngi quan tm nhm m bo dinh dng,
trnh cc v ng c do cc sn phm rau mang li.
Sn xut rau Vit Nam to nhiu vic lm v thu nhp cao cho ngi sn xut so vi
mt s cy trng hng nm khc. Cng vi nhu cu tiu dng v cc sn phm rau ngy cng cao
ko theo sn xut rau trong nhng nm va qua tng ln c v s lng, cht lng v v sinh an
ton thc phm. Vit Nam c kh nng sn xut rau quanh nm vi s lng, chng loi rau rt
phong ph a dng 60-80 loi rau trong v ng xun, 20-30 loi rau trong v h thu.p ng
nhu cu tiu dng ni a v xut khu. nng cao thu nhp cho ngi sn xut v cc tc nhn
trong chui gia tr rau Vit Nam, vic xc nh cc loi rau ch yu cung cp cho th trng ni
12
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
a v xut khu v mi lin kt ca th trng vi cc khch hng tim nng vi m bo v
cht lng, VSATTP lcn thit.
Vi nim tin sn phm do chng ti to ra s c ngi tiu dng trong nc a chung,
vi nim t ho s gp phn tng gi tr tng sn phm nng nghip, tng thu nh p v nng cao
i sng ca nhn dn v to vic lm cho lao ng ti a phng, chng ti tin rng d n u
t Trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc l s u t cn thit trong giai on hin
nay.
13
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
CHNG III: A IM XY DNG

III.1. V tr xy dng
D n Trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc c xy dng ti huyn Bc,
tnh Ha Bnh.
Hnh: V tr xy dng d n
Bc l mt huyn thuc tnh Ha Bnh, Ty Bc Vit Nam. Huyn l l th trn
Bc, cch thnh ph Ha Bnh khong 20 km, bao gm cc x: ng Ngh, Sui Nnh, Mng
Tung, Mng Ching, ng Chum, Tn Pheo, on Kt, Tn Minh, Trung Thnh, Yn Ho,
Cao Sn, Tin Phong, Vy Na, Ho L, Tu L, Hin Lng, Ton Sn, ng Rung, Gip t.
Tnh l 433 (ca Ho Bnh) di 90 km, chy xuyn sut dc theo sng v qua Bc,
t thnh ph Ha Bnh ln im mt l x ng Ngh, qua cc a danh: Tu L - nh - Mng
Ching - Khu bo tn thin nhin Phu Canh - Ca Nnh - ng Ngh. n y l kt thc huyn
Bc.
Bn kia sng l huyn Mc Chu, tnh Sn La v huyn Mai Chu. Ngc ln ht t
Bc l huyn Ph Yn (Sn La) v huyn Thanh Sn (Ph Th). Dc tnh l 433 c nhiu bn
ca ngi Ty, Mng, Thi.
Theo iu tra dn s thng 4/2009, huyn c dn s 53,128 ngi (2009). Sau khi chia
tch x Tn Dn v huyn Mai Chu vo thng 7/2009, dn s ca huyn l 52,381 ngi.
14
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
III.2. Kh hu
Huyn Bc do nm vng ni cao pha ty bc tnh Ho Bnh nn c kiu kh h u
Ty Bc vi ma ng kh v lnh, ma h nng m.
III.3. a hnh- Th nhng
im ni b t ca a hnh huyn Bc l ni cao trung bnh 1,000m, chia ct phc tp,
dc ln v theo hng ty bc - ng nam.
Th nhng: Do c im a hnh v kh h u nn t ai huyn Bc ch yu l t
feralt vng c hm lng mn 6 - 7%; do m cao, nhi t thp, vng ny rt thu n li
cho pht trin lm nghi p, chn nui gia sc v trng cc loi dc liu.
III.4. H tng khu t xy dng d n
III.4.1. Hin trng s dng t
Khu t xy dng d n l t rng sn xut thc hin d n u t trng dc liu, kt
hp chn nui gia sc ti huyn Bc.
V tr chn nui cch xa ngun cp nc sinh hot, cch xa khu dn c, khng gn ng
quc l, tnh l.
III.4.2. Hin trng thng tin lin lc
in s dng h thng in li quc gia. C mng li bu chnh vin thng p ng
nhu cu cho mi i tng s dng trong x, cc im bu in vn ha u c kt ni internet.
III.4.3. Cp Thot nc
Ngun cp nc: Hin nay trang tri ang xc tin u t xy dng cng trnh h thng
nc sch.
Ngun thot nc: S c xy dng trong qu trnh xy dng d n.
III.5. Nhn xt chung
T nhng phn tch trn, ch u t nhn thy rng khu t xy dng d n rt thun li
tin hnh thc hin. Cc yu t v t nhin, kinh t, h tng l nhng yu t lm nn s thnh
cng ca mt d n u t vo lnh vc trng cy dc liu v chn nui, th gia sc.
15
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
CHNG IV: QUY M D N TIN THC HIN

IV.1. Quy m d n
D n Trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc c u t trn khu t c tng
din tch 15ha.
+ Cy dc liu
: 20 loi cy trng trn 88,010 m2
+ Chn nui
: 100 d ging ci, 6 d ging c, 30 heo ging, 50 b ging
IV.2. Cc hng mc cng trnh
STT
I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
II
1
2
3
4
5
III
1
2
3
4
5
6
IV
1
Hng mc
Khu vc chung
Nh bo v
Vn phng lm vic
Nh n
Nh kho
ng ni b
B cha nc
WC chung
Hm biogas
Khu chn nui
Chung d
Chung b
Chung heo
H phn
Trng c
Khu trng cy dc liu
Xng sy
Kho cha
Sn phi dc liu
Khu m ging
Trng cy dc liu c mi che
Trng cy dc liu khng mi che
Khu t rng
Chn th gia sc
Tng cng
n v Din tch
m2
1,903
2
m
16
m2
35
2
m
60
2
m
300
2
m
1,456
2
m
15
2
m
21
m2
10
2
m
11,460
m2
267
2
m
325
2
m
552
2
m
316
2
m
10,000
2
m
90,710
2
m
200
m2
500
m2
2,000
2
m
5,500
2
m
6,000
2
m
76,510
2
m
45,927
2
m
45,927
2
m
150,000
16
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
IV.3. Tin thc hin d n
IV.3.1. Thi gian thc hin
Trong vng 12 nm, bt u xy dng t qu 3 nm 2012 v i vo hot ng t qu 2
nm 2013.
IV.3.2. Cng vic c th
- iu tra th trng.
- Kho st m hnh cc c s sn xut dc liu in hnh.
- Nghin cu, kim tra ngun nc.
- Tm hiu ngun ging cy trng, vt nui.
- nh gi cht lng t.
- iu tra v iu kin t nhin.
- L p bo co nghin cu kh thi v bo co u t
- Trnh h s xin chp thun u t
- Kho st mt bng lp phng n quy hoch.
- Kho st h tng k thut (in, nc).
- xut cc chnh sch u i cho d n.
- Nhn quyt nh ph duyt ca Tnh
- Nhn bn giao mt bng
- Bn giao mc gii
- nh gi tc ng mi trng
- nh gi kh nng cch ly khu chn nui m bo b khng nm trong vng dch bnh.
- Quy hoch xy dng
- San lp mt bng
- Ci to t.
- Khi cng xy dng.
+ Xy dng khu vc trng cy dc liu
+ Xy dng chung tri
17
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
CHNG V: GII PHP THC HIN D N

V.1. Thnh phn chnh- Cy dc liu
V.1.1. Cc loi cy dc liu
Tn cy
Hnh nh
Tn khoa hc
Cy x
en
Celastrus hindsii
Benth.et Hook
Cy c
ngt
Stevia rebaudiana
(Bert.) Hemsl.=
Eupatorium
rebaudianum
Bert., h Cc
(Asteraceae)
Cy Ba
Kch
Radix Morindae
Cy inh
lng
Tieghemopanax
fruticosus Vig. =
Panax fruticosum
L. = Polyscias
fruticosa Harms,
h Ng gia
(Araliaceae).
Thnh phn
ha hc
chnh
Peptid,
alcaloid.
Cng dng
iu tr ung th, hn ch
pht trin ca cc khi u;
tiu vim gii c, mt
gan; n ng tt, tng
cng sc khng ca c
th.
L cha cc
glycosid
diterpenic:
steviosid,
rebaudiosid,
dulcosid.
Steviosid c
ngt cao
hn gp 150
280 ln so vi
saccharose.
Anthranoid,
ng, nha,
acid hu c,
vitamin C.
Thay th ng cho cc
bnh nhn b bnh tiu
ng, c tc dng cha
bo ph, dng trong cng
nghip thc phm lm cht
iu v cho bnh mt ko,
nc gii kht.
Saponin
triterpenic.
Cha c th suy nhc,

tiu ho km, st, sng v,
t sa, nhc u, ho, ho ra
mu, thp khp, au lng.
Cha lit dng, di tinh,

ph n c thai, kinh
nguyt chm, b kinh, au
lng mi gi
18
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Cy Hoi
Sn
Diosscorea sp.
Saponin,
choline, dabscisin II,
vitamin C,
mannan,
phytic acid.
Ngu tt.
Radix Achiranthis
bidentatae
Saponin
triterpenoid,
hydratcarbon.
Bch
trut
Rhizoma
Atractylodes
macrocephalae
Bch ch
Radix Angelicae
Tinh du,
Lm thuc gim au, nhc
coumarin, tinh u pha trn, cha cm,
bt.
au rng, ngt mi, vim
mi chy nc hi, kh h,
phong thp, au do vim
dy thn kinh.
ng
quy
Angelica sinensis
(Oliv.) Diels, h
Cn (Apiaceae).
Tinh du,
coumarin.
Cha t v h nhc, n
ung km tiu, vin rut
kinh nin, tiu chy lu
ngy khng khi, ph h,
ho hen, bnh tiu ng,
di tinh, di liu, bch i.
Dng sng: tr c hng

sng au, ung nht, chn
thng t mu, b kinh,
khng ra nhau thai,
huyt, tiu tin ra mu,
vim
khp.
Tm ru: tr au lng,
mi gi, chn tay co qup,
t
bi.
Chit xut Saponin lm
thuc h cholesterol mu.
Tinh du
Gip tiu ho, tr au d
(1%), trong dy, bng y hi, nn
ch yu l
ma, a chy, phn sng,
atractylol v
vim rut mn tnh, ph
atractylon.
thng.
Cha cc chng au u,
au lng do thiu mu,
iu ho kinh nguyt.
19
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Thc a
Thc a l phn
rr ca cy a
hong
(Rehmannia
glutina Libosch,
thuc h Hoa
mm ch
(Scrophulariacea).
B-sitosterol,
mannitol,
stigmasterol,
campesterol,
rehmannin,
catalpol,
arginine,
glucose.
Cha suy nhc c th,

suy nhc thn kinh, tiu
chy mn tnh, hen ph
qun, tng huyt p, hng
m h, tinh huyt suy km,
mi mt, au lng, mi
gi, kht nc, nc tiu
vng, da hp nng, di
mng tinh
Kim ngn
Lonicera
cambodiana
Pierre, h Kim
ngn
(Caprifoliaceae).
Flavonoid
(inosid,
lonicerin),
saponin.
Tiu c, h nhit, cha

mn nht, mn nga.
Tht dip
nht chi
hoa
Paris polyphilla
Saponin
Sm. v mt s
(diosgenin,
loi khc thuc
pennogenin).
chi Paris, h Hnh
(Liliaceae).
Cha st, rn c cn, ho

lu ngy, hen suyn.
Kim tin
tho
Herba Desmodii
Cha si thn, si ti mt,

si bng quang, ph thng,
i but, i rt, ung nht.
Saponin,
flavonoid.
20
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
trng
Cortex
Eucommiae
Nha, tinh
du.
Thuc b thn, gn ct,

cha au lng, mi gi, di
tinh, i m, lit dng,
ph n c thai, ng thai.
Cha cao huyt p.
Trinh n
hong
cung
Crinum latifolium
L. h Thu tin
(Amaryllidaceae).
Alcaloid,
saponin, acid
hu c.
iu tr mt s dng ung
th nh ung th phi, ung
th tuyn tin lit, ung th
v
H th
Radix Fallopiae
multiflorae
Anthranoid,
tanin, lecithin.
B mu, tr thn kinh suy

nhc, ng km, st rt
kinh nin, thiu mu, au
lng, mi gi, di mng
tinh, bch i, i tiu tin
ra mu, sm bc tc, mn
nga.
c hot
Radix Angelicae
Tinh du,
coumarin.
Cha phong thp, thn

mnh au nhc.
21
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
H kh
tho
Spica Prunellae
Cc alcaloid,
saponin.
Cha sng v, lao hch,

bu c, au mt, vim t
cung, vim gan, nga, hc
lo, vy nn.
Xuyn
khung
Rhizoma Ligustici Tinh du,

wallichii
alcaloid.
iu kinh, cha nhc u,

cm mo, phong thp, ung
nht.
Dip h
chu
Phyllanthus
urinaria L
Cha suy gan, vim gan do

virut B, x gan c trng
V.1.2. Quy trnh thc hin

Khi nim v ni dung ch yu ca GACP
C s sn xut dc liu do Cng ty Dophuco chng ti u t p dng cc nguyn tc,
tiu chun GACP-WHO, Thc hnh tt trng trt v thu hi cy thuc theo khuyn co ca T
chc Y t th gii.
Xut pht t tiu chun ca thuc l phi c cht lng tt, an ton v hiu qu, nn
ngun nguyn liu lm ra thuc cng phi t cc yu cu ny. GACP c vai tr rt quan trng
trong vic to ra ngun nguyn liu lm thuc t cc tiu chun trn. N bao gm hai ni dung
chnh:
Thc hnh tt trng cy thuc (GAP) v Thc hnh tt thu hi cy thuc hoang d (GCP).
Mi quy trnh c nhiu cng on, mi cng on c nhng tiu chun ring cho tng loi
cy thuc c th. N ph thuc vo mi trng t nhin, iu kin sinh thi, ngun ging, t
trng, bin php canh tc, chm sc, phng tr su bnh, thu hi, vn chuyn, x l sau thu
hoch n cch ng gi v bo qun dc liu trong kho. Qua , ta thy ni dung ca GACP
rt rng v kh phc tp, n lin quan n nhiu ngnh khoa hc k thut nh sinh hc, nng
hc, dc hc v khoa hc qun l.
Nguyn tc chung ca GACP i vi cy thuc
22
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
- C ngun gc r rng v chnh xc v mt phn loi thc vt. Cy thuc hay nguyn liu
thu hi lm thuc phi ng loi, i khi l di loi v ging cy trng.
- Ch thu hi khi cy, hoc b phn cy t tiu chun cht lng theo quy nh, sch v
khng ln tp cht.
- Khng gy tc ng xu n mi trng, ngun nc trong khu vc. Hn ch ti thiu
nh hng n sinh cnh v h thc vt ni thu hi cy thuc. m bo gi cho cy, hoc qun
th loi cy thu hi cn kh nng ti sinh t nhin.
- Phi tun th php lut v cc quy nh ca a phng v trng trt v khai thc ti
nguyn thin nhin.
Quy trnh GACP p dng trong trng trt, thu hi, ch bin, sn xut, ng gi, vn
chuyn dc liu, nhm bo m cung cp ngun nguyn liu thc vt lm thuc c cht lng
tt nht v hiu lc cha bnh cao nht, c gng lm gim n mc thp nht nguy c b gi mo
v
pha
trn.
Cc tiu chun ca GACP i vi tng loi cy lm thuc s nh k c xem xt li v b
sung, bi nhng yu cu v cht lng dc liu ngy cng cao v nh c s h tr ca cc
phng php phn tch hin i trong vic kim tra cht lng sn phm nn mi thc hin c.
Thc hnh tt trng cy thuc (GAP)
GAP c lin quan n ton b qu trnh trng cy thuc, t chn ging, t trng, nc
ti, phn bn, chm sc, n thu hi, ch bin sau thu hoch, ng gi, lu kho v lp h s ca
dc liu.
+ Ging cy trng
Thnh phn hot cht trong cy ph thuc vo yu t di truyn, l vt liu nhn ging
(hu tnh hoc v tnh). Cht lng ca cy trng v sn phm ca n bt u t cht lng ca
ging. Do , ging phi c ngun gc r rng v c chng nhn ng tn loi, km vi bn m
t c im nhn dng ca loi. Ging phi tt, c kh nng ny mm cao, khng c mang
mm bnh, cn trng v khng c ln ging tp.
Qua cho thy vn ging cy trng ht sc quan trng to ra sn phm c cht
lng tt v gi tr kinh t cao.
+ Trng trt cy thuc
- iu kin mi trng t nhin
Cy thuc cng nh cc loi cy trng khc u sinh trng v pht trin trong nhng
iu kin mi trng t nhin thch hp nh kh hu (trung bnh lng ma, nhit , m),
chiu sng, a hnh (kiu a hnh, dc), a mo, cht t (cu trc, thnh phn t), kh
nng cung cp nc. c bit, mt s loi cy thuc cn c tnh a phng v khu vc rt cao.
- Chn a im
Nguyn tc chung l phi chn a im ph hp vi iu kin sinh thi v mi trng
sng ca mi loi, cy thuc trng cho sn phm vi cht lng cao. Nhm trnh nguy c b
nhim, nh hng n s an ton ca sn phm, c s trng trt cn phi nm c qu trnh s
dng t trc y, gm cc ni dung:
+ Loi cy trng sau cng ti ni la chn
+ Cy v ang trng xung quanh
+ Cc loi thuc dit su b, nm bnh v c di s dng
+ dng lm bi chn th gia sc
23
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
- Phn bn
Trong nng nghip, thng khng th trnh c vic dng phn bn cy trng t sn
lng cao. Tuy nhin, cn phi dng phn bn ng loi, ng thi im v s lng theo yu
cu pht trin ca tng loi cy thuc. Cn s dng phn bn ph hp gim n mc ti thiu
s tht thot. Trong thc t, cc loi phn bn hu c v ha hc ( c c quan nng nghip
chp nhn) u c s dng, nhng phi c kin ca cn b k thut, v c tin hnh mt
thi gian trc khi thu hoch theo yu cu ca ngi s dng sn phm.
Phn bn phi nh k kim tra mm bnh. Khng c dng cht thi ca ngi lm
phn bn, v c th mang vi sinh vt hoc k sinh trng gy bnh. Phn sc vt (phn chung)
cn c k t tiu chun v sinh, an ton i vi dc liu.
+ Ti tiu nc
Cn kim tra v x l vic ti nc v thot nc theo nhu cu tng trng ca cy
thuc. Phi bit r cht lng ca ngun nc ti, t u n, sng, sui, h nc hay nc
qua s dng, Nu khng c ngun nc sch th phi kim tra cc loi vi khun ng rut
(E. coli), kim loi nng v d lng kim loi nng.
+ Chm sc v bo v cy trng
Ty theo c im sinh trng v pht trin ca mi loi cy thuc v b phn s dng
ca chng m ra cc bin php qun l v chm sc ph hp. Vic p dng ng lc cc bin
php nh che nng, bm ngn, ta cnh, hi n, l rt cn thit c sn phm t yu cu s
dng lm thuc vi cht lng cao.
Khi cn thit phi dng thuc tr su hoc thuc dit c di th phi c cn b k thut
hng dn, phi theo quy nh mc tn d ti a cht ha hc cho php v mi ln s dng phi
c ghi r trong h s theo di.
+ Thu hoch dc liu
S hnh thnh v tch ly hot cht c lin quan vi qu trnh sinh trng v pht trin ca
cy thuc. Trong cy ni chung, hot cht thng c tch t nhng b phn nht nh v t
t l cao nht trong giai on pht trin nht nh ca cy. Xc nh c chnh xc giai on
ny, l thi k thu hoch sn phm. Vic xc nh nm thu hi (i vi nhng cy nhiu nm)
v thi k thu hi phi tnh n hm lng hot cht v nng sut sn phm t gi tr kinh t
tng th ln nht trn mt n v din tch canh tc.
Cng cn ch , tuy cng mt loi cy thuc nhng trng cc khu vc kh hu, th
nhng khc nhau, iu kin canh tc khc nhau th thi im thu hoch cng c khi khc nhau.
V cch thu hoch ni chung cn tun theo nguyn tc sau:
- Khng tin hnh khi tri ma, t t, sng t v m khng kh cao.
- Bao b dng khi thu hoch phi sch, kh v khng c tp cht.
- Dng c dng thu hi cng phi sch s, ph hp khng lm gy, gip nt, lm xung
cp dc liu.
- Trnh ln t ct, c di v cy c hi.
+ Chuyn ch
24
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Dc liu sau khi thu hoch cn c vn chuyn ngay v ni s ch ti ch loi b
nhng phn khng dng lm thuc, ra sch t (nu cn) v cht nh hoc thi thnh ming ty
theo yu cu. Khi vn chuyn dc liu cn theo nguyn tc sau:
- Thng cha chuyn ch dc liu phi c kim tra, m bo ph hp vi tiu
chun chuyn ch thc phm (sch, khng c cn trng, l thng, mi hi hoc nhim cht ha
hc)
- Thng cha phi thong gi trnh sn phm b nng, ln men hoc b mc khi vn
chuyn xa.
+ S ch
Ni s ch dc liu phi sch, trnh nhim bn bi vt l hu c. Dc liu khng c
cht ng hoc y tm che bng nilon ri ngoi tri, lm cho c b mc mm, qu, l b thm
en. Nhiu khi dc liu chuyn ch v n ni s ch b mc hoc i mu, lm cht lng
ca dc liu b xung cp.
Lm kh dc liu cng nhanh cng tt (m bo kh kit) trnh nguyn liu b h
hng hoc b ly nhim vi sinh vt. Cch lm kh nh sy cc l sy th cng, phi nng, phi
trong bng rm v thi gian lm kh u c nh hng n cht lng dc liu.
+ ng gi, bo qun
Cht liu dng bao gi ty thuc vo tng loi dc liu. Ni chung, phi l nguyn liu
dng cho thc phm, tt nht l loi mi v sch, trnh nhim bn.
- ng gi nguyn liu thc vt phi kn, khng dc liu th ra ngoi trnh
nhim t bn ngoi trong khi bo qun hoc vn chuyn.
- Bao b phi c nhn ghi tn sn phm, ngi/ ni phn phi, s l sn xut. Nhn phi r
rng, dn chc, lm t nguyn liu khng c v lm theo quy nh ca nhn thuc.
- Kho cha phi kh, thong gi, mt, nhit t thay i trong 24h, chng mc, mt
khng lm thay i mu sc, mi v v cht lng ca dc liu.
+ Nhn lc
Ni chung, mi ngi lin quan n tt c cc giai on to ngun dc liu t trng cy
thuc, thu hoch, vn chuyn, s ch, bo qun, u phi c hun luyn nhng hiu bit v
k nng chuyn mn lin quan n cng vic thc hin ng v y quy trnh GAP.
Ngi lm ngoi ng rung phi bit bo v v gi v sinh mi trng (v d: cht thi c nhn
phi ng ni quy nh, nc thi khng dn qua ni trng cy). Vic ngn nga s thoi ha
mi trng l mt yu cu m bo vic s dng bn vng ngun ti nguyn cy thuc.
Ngi lm vic trong cc kho dc liu phi khe mnh, m bo v sinh c nhn tt trnh
nhim cho sn phm. Ngi b bnh truyn nhim, bnh ngoi da khng c lm ni ch bin
sn phm.
+ Lp h s ca dc liu
Ni dung h s cn c cc phn sau:
- Tn v a ch ca c s hoc ngi trng cy thuc, cc thng tin u vo cho tng l
sn phm, quy trnh c th tc ng vo sn phm cn phi ghi chp v lu gi t nht 3 nm (k
thut canh tc, phn bn, cht dit su b, thi gian thu hoch, s ch, ng gi, vn chuyn).
25
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
- Cc vn bn tha thun v hng dn sn xut, gia c s/ ngi sn xut v ngi
tiu th sn phm.
Vy quy trnh sn xut dc liu nh sau:
1. Nui trng cy thuc
- Nhn dng/xc nh cy thuc trng (Chn cy thuc, ht ging, Lai lch thc vt)
- Trng trt (Chn a im, xc nh mi trng sinh thi v tc ng x hi, Kh hu,
Th nhng, Ti nc v thot nc, Chm sc v bo v cy)
- Thu hoch
2. Thu hi cy thuc
3. Ch bin sau khi thu hoch
- Kim tra v phn loi
- S ch
- Lm kh
4. ng gi v dn nhn hng ch ng gi
V.2. Thnh phn ph- Chn nui gia sc
V.2.1. D
c d lai tm vc to, cho nhiu tht th D ci ging c nui trong trang tri l ging
d c, tm vc nh, nng sut tht thp v D c ging l ging d Bch Tho, thn hnh thanh,
mnh, u nh, nh, da mng, lng mn.
1. Chn ging
+ D ci sinh sn:
Thn hnh thanh, mnh, u nh, nh, da mng, lng mn. D ci mn (c 8 thng/la),
mi la 2 con, nui con kho, d con mau ln.
+ D c ging
D c ging l ging d Bch Tho, c tm vc to, thn hnh cn i, kho mnh, khng
khuyt tt, u to, ngn, trn rng, mt sng, tinh nhanh, bn chn thng, kho, i ng vng
chc, hai hn c u, cn i. C 15-17 d ci cn 1 d c ging Bch Tho.
2. Phi ging
trnh ng huyt, hng nm cn chuyn i c ging trong n ci hp l, khng cho
d c ging l anh giao phi vi em, hoc d c ging l b giao phi vi con, chu.
- Tui phi ging ln u i vi d ci >7 thng tui, d c ging Bch Tho l 8 - 9
thng tui.
- Ci 18-21 ngy d ci ng dc mt ln, mi ln 2-3 ngy. Phi ging vo ngy th 2
sau khi c biu hin ng dc nh thch gn con c, d ci ve vy ui, km n, nhy ln lng
con khc, m h sng, nim mc m h , hng, nim dch t m o chy da.
Sau khi phi 18-20 ngy nu khng thy th thai, d ci s ng dc li.
3. Chung tri
Nui d phi lm chung sn cch mt t 50-80cm. Chung lun kh, sch, thong mt
ma h v trnh c gi ma ng.
- Sn bng g hoc tre phng, chc c khe rng 1.5-2cm lt phn v trnh cho d khng
b kt chn.
- m bo din tch chung nui:
+ D ging 1.5- 2 m2/ con.
26
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
+ D tht 0.6 m2/ con
4. Thc n
D n c nhiu loi c, l cy nh l xoan, l mt, l dm bt, l chui, sn dy... v cc
loi c trng, c t nhin.
Thc n tinh gm thc, ng, sn, khoai lang, lc.. thc n c nh b , khoai lang ti,
chui... d rt thch n. D ging mi ngy n khong 0.3 kg thc n tinh, d tht mi ngy n
khong 0.4 kg thc n tinh.
- Khng cho d n nhng thc n i thi, mc hoc ln t, ct.
- Khng chn th d ni trng, ly, c nc ng phng nga bnh giun sn cho d.
- Hng ngy chn th t 7-9 gi/ngy. Ma ng kh hanh, thiu c, ban m cn cho d
n thm 3-5kg c, l ti/con/ngy. Cho ung nc sch tho mn trc khi chn cng nh sau
khi d v chung.
5. Chm sc d m v d lai
- D cha 150 ngy (dao ng t 147-157) th . Sau khi cn ly khn mm, sch lau
kh lp mng nhy mm, mi trnh ngt th d con.
- Sau khi 30 pht cho d con b sa u ngay nhm tng cng sc kho, sc
khng d con.
- Khng cho d m n nhau thai. Cho d m ung nc m pha mui 0,5% hoc nc
ng 10%.
- Nui nht d m v d con ti chung 3-5 ngy u tin vi thc n xanh non, ngon, d
tiu, sau chn th gn nh ti v chung cho d m n thm 0,2-0,3kg thc n xanh/ngy.
- n 21-30 ngy tui cho d con chn th theo n.
- D con lai sau 3 thng tui, tch ring d c, ci, cc loi d lai trn 3 thng tui v d
tht trc khi bn 1-2 thng cn b sung thm 0,1-0,3kg ng, khoai, sn/con/ngy.
6. Phng v tr bnh
- Phng bnh: nh k 6 thng tim phng cc loi vacxin t huyt trng .. v ty giun sn
cho d/1 ln.
- Hng ngy kim tra 2 ln trc khi chn th v sau khi v chung pht hin nhng con d
b n, au m, lot ming, chng bng u hi kp thi tr bnh.
V.2.2. B
1. Ging v cch chn ging:
- Nn chn b ging l nhng con c th cht kho mnh v c nhng c im sau:
+ Ngoi hnh cn i, lng ng mt, da mm.
+ u c linh hot. Mt ngn, trn rng, mt sng, mm b, b rng cn tt.
+ Lng di, thng. Ngc su, rng. Bng trn, gn.
+ Mng n. ui di, gc ui to.
+ Chn thng, bc i vng chi, chc chn. Mng kht.
+ Ym rng, bao da rn pht trin.
2. Chung tri:
- m bo din tch chung tri hp l: b ging 4 m2/ con, b tht 2.5-3 m2/ con.
- m bo thong mt, sch s, ng m h mt.
- B tr mng n v mng ung ring bit.
3. Thc n:
- Thc n th: Bao gm
27
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
+ C t nhin, c trng.
+ Rm: Rm cn c x l trc khi cho b n bng cch kn kh rm vi ur.
+ C thu ct phi kh.
Mi ngy b n khong 15 kg c v thc n th khc.
- Thc n tinh: Cm go, ng, bt sn... trn thm kh tng, bt c hoc vi U r
c hn hp thc n m bo dinh dng. Mi ngy b ging v b ci n khong 2 kg thc n
tinh, b tht n khong 1.5 kg thc n tinh.
4. Chm sc nui dng:
- Phng thc nui:
Phng thc nui hiu qu l bn chn th, bui ngy chn th cho n c t nhin, ban
m nht ti chung cho n thm c v thc n tinh.
i vi b v bo, c th nui nht ti chung trong sut 2 thng trc khi bn.
- Nui dng b t 1-6 thng tui:
+ Cn cho b b sa ngay sau khi sinh cng sm cng tt chng ci cc v sau v tng
c kh nng chng bnh tt.
+ Tun u gi b v b m nh.
+ Khi b c mt thng tui chn th theo m gn nh v tp n thc n tinh.
+ T 3-6 thng tui: Ngoi n thc n trn bi chn, mi ngy cho b n thm 5-10kg c
ti, 0.2kg thc n tinh. Cai sa b vo lc 6 thng tui.
- Nui dng b t 6-24 thng tui:
+ Chn th l chnh.
+ Hng ngy cn b sung thm 10-15 kg thc n xanh ti chung cho b, 0,5-1kg thc n
tinh
+ Ma thiu c, mi ngy c th cho n thm 2-4kg c kh, hoc rm vi Ur thay
cho thc n xanh b sung.
+ Mi ngy b sung t 20-30g mui n vo nc ung cho b. Lun lun c nc sch
trong mng ung vo ban m, c bit l ma h v ma s dng rm kh lm thc n b
sung cho b ti chung.
- V bo b trc khi bn tht:
Trc khi bn tht, nu b gy ta cn v bo khong 2 thng s cho li nhun cao. b
nhanh bo ta p dng cc k thut sau:
+Ty giun sn trc lc v bo.
+ Nui nht ti chung sut thi gian v bo.
+ Mi ngy cho n 8-10kg thc n th xanh, 3-5 kg thc n tinh chia lm 4-5 ba trong
ngy.
+ Thc n tinh c trn theo cng thc: 44% bt sn + 50% bt ng+ 3% U r + 1%
mui + 2% bt xng. Hoc 70% bt sn+ 20% cm go+ 3% U r+ 1% mui+ 2% bt xng.
+ Lun lun c nc sch trong mng ung cho b trong thi gian v bo.
+ Bn b khi kt thc thi gian v bo
5. V sinh phng bnh:
- Hng ngy cn dn phn cho vo h phn hoc cho vo cng trnh kh sinh hc, nh
k bm thuc st trng chung tri.
- Thng xuyn tm chi. Dit k sinh trng ngoi da nh Mng, Gh, Rn, Ve...bng
Neguvol pha vi x phng v du n bi ln ch k sinh trng c tr, hoc dng bnh xt Hantox.
- Ty giun a cho b giai on 15-20 ngy tui, v ty li ln 2 sau mt thng.
28
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
- nh k tim phng bnh cho b cc loi Vc xin T huyt trng v L mm long mng
theo hng dn ca Th y.
V.2.3. Heo
1. Chn heo ging.
Nn chn ging heo tt, khe mnh, an nhanh, than di, mng vai n, hng rng, bn
chn thng, chc chn, c b mng tt, m h (hoa) pht trin tt, nm v ni r, hai hng v
thng phn b u, khong cch hai hng v gn nhau l tt. Heo ni c t nht 12 v tr ln. Ch
nn chn nhng con c tnh tnh hin lnh.
2. Phi ging:
Phi ging cho heo vo thi gian 7-8 thng tui t trng lng t 90-120 kg. Heo ln
ging n t hoc b n, cn ph chung, ku ro lin tc, nhy ln lng ca heo khc, m h sng
, c th c nc nhy chy ra. Thi gian heo ln ging t 3-5 ngy, phi ging vo cui ngy
th hai hoc sang ngy th ba l tt. Phi vo lc heo chu c. Biu hin heo chu c: heo
ng im cho con khc nhy ln lng n, hoc ngi dng hai tay n mnh ln lng heo vn ng
im, dch nhn m h keo c li. C th phi ging bng heo c nhy trc tip hoc bm tinh
nhn to, nn phi kp (phi hai ln), ln phi th hai cch ln phi th nht t 6-8 gi. Khng
nn dng heo c c trng lng qu ln nhy vi heo ni mi phi ln u. Chung cho heo
phi phi sch s, nn ri rm hoc c kh xung di nn chung l tt nht.
3. Chung tri:
Chn a im cao ro sch s, thong mt, c rm che lc ma gi.
Nn chung lm bng xi mng, c dc khong 2 %, khng t lng ( trnh hin tng
heo b trt). Din tch chung ni nui con khong 4-5 m2/con, c cho heo con. C mng n,
nm ung t ng ring bit ng kch c. Ngoi chung c rnh thot phn v h phn cch xa
chung.
4. Chm sc heo:
- Heo ni mang thai:
Sau thi gian phi t 18-21 ngy nu heo khng i c li th coi nh heo c cha.
Thi gian heo cha 114 ngy (3 thng + 3 tun + 3 ngy) 3 ngy.
Ty tm vc ca heo ni mp, gy m cho n lng thc phm hp l 1.5-2 kg/ con/ngy.
Ngy heo c th khng cho n trnh st sa.
Trong thi gian cha 2 thng u khng nn di chuyn heo nhiu, trnh gy s st heo s
b tiu thai. Trong thi gian cha nn cho heo n thm rau xanh, c xanh. Cung cp nc sch
cho heo ung theo nhu cu.
- Heo ni v heo con theo m:
Trc ngy heo 2-3 ngy, v sinh chung tri, tm chi heo m sch s, dit k sinh
trng ngoi da.
Heo ni sp biu hin: a i vt, bu v cng mng, bp u v sa vt ra, khi thy
nc i v phn xu, heo ni rn tng cn l heo con sp ra.
Heo con ra dng gi sch lau nht ming, mi, lau kh, ct rn, bm rng b vo
m (st trng cung rn v dng c bng bng y t nhng cn It). Sau cho heo con b "sa
u" cng sm cng tt c sc khng chng li nhng nhim khun ph bin, gi m cho
heo con t 31-33 0C trong my ngy u bng bng n in hoc rm, bao b.
Bnh thng heo 5-10 pht/con. Nu ra nc i v phn xu sau 1-2 gi rn nhiu
m khng hoc con n cch con kia trn 1 gi th phi mi th y can thip.
29
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Trng hp heo m khe, bnh thng khng nm con th nn cho heo con b t do l
tt nht. Nu nht vo m th ti thiu cho b 1 gi 1 ln. Nn sp xp heo con c khi lng
nh cho b v pha trc n heo con pht trin u.
Heo con ra trong 1-3 ngy u chch st liu 200 mg/con (1-2 cc/con). Nu heo m
thiu sa th c th cho heo con n dm thm cc ch phm dinh dng dnh cho heo con s
sinh. T 7-10 ngy tp cho heo con n bng loi thc n d tiu. Thin heo c vo khong 3-7
ngy tui. Nn tp heo con n sm c th cai sa. Ty iu kin thc n v tnh trng n heo
m cai sa hp l. Nn cai sa vo khong t 28-35 ngy tui.
Thi k heo ni nui con, thc n phi tt, mng phi sch s, khng thc n mc,
tha, mng ung phi lun y nc v heo tit sa s ung rt nhiu nc, khng nn thay i
thc n ca heo ni.
Gn ngy cai sa nn gim ln b ca heo con v tng lng thc n chun b cho giai
on sng t lp. ng thi gim thc n ca heo m gim tit sa.
- Lun m bo n heo sch s, thong mt, khu vc chn nui phi yn tnh, khng xo
trn nh hng n heo.
- Thng xuyn kim tra pht hin nhng trng hp bt thng xy ra. nh du theo
di, kim tra thc n hng ngy iu chnh kp thi.
- Thng xuyn kim tra nc ung, thc n trc khi dng.
5. Thc n:
Heo ni nui con: Nn s dng thc n hn hp ca cc x nghip thc n gia sc c uy
tn, mi sn xut.
Heo con t tp n n 20 kg: Nn s dng thc n hn hp ca cc x nghip thc n gia
sc c uy tn, mi sn xut.
Heo ging mi ngy n khong 1.5 kg thc n tinh bao gm cm v cc loi thc n hn
hp khc nh khoai, bt c, bt u.
Heo tht mi ngy n khong 2.5 kg thc n tinh.
Nc ung cho heo phi sch s v lng nc theo nhu cu.
6. Phng v tr bnh:
- Ra v phun thuc st trng chung tri sch s t nht 3-7 ngy trc khi th heo vo
chung.
- Hng ngy phi qut phn trong chung gi cho chung lun kh ro, sch s. - X l
xc cht gia sc nghim ngt: Chn su, t...
- Nn c k hoch ra chung, phun thuc st trng v dit rui, mui mi thng mt
ln.
- Trc khi phi ging chch nga y cc loi vaccin phng bnh dch t, t huyt
trng, ph thng hn.
- nh k chch nga cho heo ni cc bnh gi di, parvovirus, vim phi theo s hng
dn ca nh sn xut.
- Chch nga y cc loi vaccin phng bnh ph thng hn, t huyt trng, dch t,
sau 2-3 tun chch lp li ln 2 cho heo con.
- Bt buc chch nga bnh L mm long mng v cp giy chng nhn tim phng bnh
l mm long mng theo s hng dn ca trm th y a phng.
30
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
CHNG VI: GII PHP THIT K MT BNG V H

TNG K THUT
VI.1. Tiu chun thit k mt bng
VI.1.1 Tiu chun v khu t xy dng.
+ Ph hp vi quy hoch c duyt.
+ a th cao, bng phng, thot nc tt.
+ m bo cc quy nh an ton v v sinh mi trng.
+ Khng gn cc ngun cht thi c hi.
+ m bo c ngun thng tin lin lc, cp in, cp nc t mng li cung cp chung.
VI.1.2. Quy hoch mt bng tng th khu t.
Tng din tch xy dng : 150,000 m2 (15ha)
Quy hoch tng th cc cng trnh ca d n Trng cy dc liu kt hp chn th gia sc
sau khi hon thnh giai on xy dng nh sau:
Ch thch:
ng ni b
Trng cy dc liu c mi che
1. Nh bo v
Trng c
Sn b tng
7. Kho dc liu
31
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
2. Cng ph
3. Vn phng
4. Nh ngh cng nhn
5. Nh n
6. Xng sy
8. Chung d
9. Chung b
10. Chung heo
11. WC chung
12. H phn
VI.2. Thit k khu sn xut dc liu

VI.2.1. Tiu chun thit k nh xng
Nh xng phi c cu trc vng chc v c bo qun, tu b tt. Nhng khu vc c bi
bn nh cc khu sy kh hoc xay, phi c cch ly i vi cc khu sch, tt hn l trong
nhng to nh ring, trnh khng vt liu xy dng lan truyn nhng cht khng tt cho dc
liu. Khi vic xy dng hon tt, cc vt liu xy dng khng c to ra hi c. Nn trnh
dng nhng loi vt liu khng th lm sch v kh trng trit nh g, tr khi thy r chng
khng phi l ngun gy nhim.
Cn thit k nh xng th no :
C khng gian l m vic nhm thc hin c tt c cc hot ng mt cch thch
hp;
To iu kin d dng cho cc khu t trng trt, thu hoch n ch bin v xut kho hot
ng hiu qu v hp v sinh
C th khng ch nhit v m mt cch thch hp;
C th kim sot c li vo cc b phn khc nhau khi thch hp;
Ngn chn s xm nhp ca cc cht gy nhim nh khi, bi, ... t mi trng bn
ngoi;
Ngn s xm nhp v n np ca cc loi c hi, th nui v gia sc;
VI.2.2. Thit k cc khu x l dc liu
Sn phi chng thm, khng trn trt v lm bng vt liu khng c, khng c khe nt,
d lm v sinh v kh trng.
Sn nn hi nghing cc cht lng chy vo cc cng thot gom ra ngoi.
Tng vch nn c p nhng vt liu chng thm, khng ht m, v c th ra sch,
kn v khng c cn trng, sn mu sng. Gc gia cc bc tng, gia tng v sn, gia tng
v trn nh, cng phi trt kn v p loi vt liu d lm v sinh.
Trn nh cn c thit k, thi cng v hon thin th no trnh t, bu tch t, gim
thiu lng nc ngng t, pht trin nm mc, bong vy v phi d lm v sinh.
Ca s v nhng khong trng khc cn c xy dng th no trnh t, bi tch t,
v nhng khong m cn gn li chn cn trng. Nhng li ny cng c th d tho ra
c lm v sinh v tu b, gi trong tnh trng tt. Cc ngng ca s bn trong nh, nu c,
cn phi nghing trnh b s dng lm k.
Ca ci cn c b mt trn lng, khng ht m v c th t ng ng kn thch hp.
Cu thang, bung thang my, v cc cu trc ph nh b ng thang, mng trt phi c
v tr v xy dng th no khng gy nhim cho dc liu. Cc mng trt phi c ca m
kim tra v lm v sinh.
32
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Cc cu trc trn cao v nhng trang tr phi c lp t sao cho c th trnh
nhim dc liu (c nguyn liu v dc liu ch bin) do hi nc ngng t v nh git v
cn c bo v trnh c nhim nu c b v. Cc cu trc ny khng c gy tr ngi
cho vic lm v sinh. Khi thch hp, cn cch nhit, thit k v hon thin cc cu trc ny
ngn bi bn tch t, gim ti thiu tnh trng hi nc ngng t, pht trin nm mc v d lm
v sinh.
Khu sinh hot, khu nh bp v m thc, cc phng thay qun o, phng v sinh v nhng
khu nui ng vt, phi hon ton cch ly v khng c m thng trc tip vi cc khu x l
dc liu.
Nh bo v
Xng sy + ra dc liu
33
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Kho cha dc liu
Hng ro B40
X l nc thi v cht thi:

C s c mt h thng hiu qu x l nc thi v cht thi v h thng ny phi lun
lun c bo qun trong tnh trng tt v tu b tt. Tt c cc ng ng nc thi (gm c h
thng cng rnh) phi ln dn thot c lng nc thi ca thi im hot ng tt a,
v phi c xy dng th no trnh nhim ngun cung cp nc ung.
Chiu sng
Phi b tr chiu sng thin nhin v nhn to trn ton b c s. Khi thch hp nh sng
khng c lm i mu v cng phi tt thiu l:
500 lux tt c im kim tra.
220 lux trong phng lm vic.
110 lux cc khu vc khc.
Thit b chiu sng v bng n treo bn trn vt liu cy thuc bt k giai on ch bin
no cng phi thuc loi an ton v c bo v trnh lm nhim nguyn liu cy thuc trong
trng hp b b.
34
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Thng gi
Cn phi b tr thng gi ngn nga sc nng qu mc, hi nc ngng t v bi v
lm mt khng khi nhim. Khng bao gi khng kh lu thng t ni bn n ni sch. Cc
l thng gi phi c cung cp mt mng lc li hay th bao bo v khc bng vt liu khng
r. Mng lc phi c th ly ra d dng lm sch.
Lu tr cht thi v ph liu.
Cn phi cung cp tin nghi lu tr cht thi v ph liu trc khi mang i khi c s.
Cc tin nghi ny phi c thit k lm sao ngn nga vt k sinh tip cn n cht thi hay
ph liu v trnh gy nhim dc liu, nc ung, thit b v cng trnh xy dng ca c s.
Thng c rc c ghi r rng cn c cung cp v i hng ngy.
VI.3. Thit k chung tri
VI.3.1. Yu cu chung h thng chung tri
- To cho n b, d, heo c an ton, thoi mi, d chu khi n ung, ngh ngi, di
chuyn v xut nhp.
- To s an ton v thun tin cho ngi chn nui trong vic qun l, chm sc v nui
dng.
- To ra c tiu kh hu tt, hn ch ti a nhng tc ng xu ca thi tit kh hu ln
c th gia sc.
- m bo thun li cho cng tc th y v v sinh mi trng.
- m bo lin thng hp l gia cc b phn trong ton tri gim thiu chi ph vn
hnh sn xut.
- n gin nhm tit kim chi ph xy dng, nhng c th s dng c lu di v n
nh.
VI.3.2. Cc b phn c bn ca khu chung tri.
Thit k khu chung tri chn nui b, d, heo phi hp cc b phn cu thnh sau y
thnh mt h thng hot ng hon chnh:
- H thng ng c: c trng vi din tch 1 ha m bo cho vic cung cp y thc
n th xanh hng ngy.
- H thng cung cp thc n: bao gm kho cha v dng c ch bin thc n tinh v thc
n th, my phi trn v phn phi thc n, li i cp pht thc n v mng n.
- H thng cp nc: bao gm ngun nc, bm, b cha, ng ng cp nc v mng
ung.
- H thng chm sc qun l b, heo, d: gm cc chung, sn vn ng, ng i, thit
b th y, cc thit b nhp v xut bn gia sc.
- H thng x l nc thi: gm rnh thot, h thng ao lng, ao lu v khu vc s dng
nc thi.
- H thng x l phn: gm thit b thu dn v vn chuyn phn, thit b v khu vc s
dng phn.
- Khu vc qun l/kinh doanh: gm vn phng lm vic, cu cn, ni xe v ni vui
chi gii lao dnh cho cng.
35
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
VI.3.3. Tiu chun kin trc ca chung tri
Hng chung:
Mc tiu chnh ca chung tri l bo v cho b, heo, d khng b tc ng xu ca iu
kin thi tit kh hu. Do vy, hng chung c b tr ph hp trnh ma tt, gi la, m
bo che nng, thong mt v thot nc tt. Chung hng v pha ng Nam c nh sng v
thng thong tt.
Mt bng v nn chung:
Nn chung cao hn mt t bn ngoi khong 40-50cm nc ma khng th trn vo
chung.Nn chung c lng b tng, mt nn chung khng g gh, v khng trn trt, c
dc hp l (2-3%), xui v pha rnh thot nc bo m thot nc d dng khi di ra.
Tng chung:
Tng chung bao quanh trnh ma ht v ngn b, heo, d. Tng c xy bng
gch, b mt tng m bo d dng qut ra tiu c khi cn thit. Mt trong ca tng qut
vi trng, va m bo v sinh va to ra b mt phn chiu nh sng trong chung tt.
Mi chung:
Mi chung c lm bng tn, mi lm cao v thong kh.
Mng n:
Trong iu kin chn nui theo trang tri c quy m ln cn phi c mng n trong
chung cho b, heo, d m bo v sinh. Mng n c xy bng gch lng xi mng. Mng n
khng qu su d gy tn ng thc n v kh v sinh. Cc gc ca mng n ln trn v trn
nhn, y mng dc v c l thot nc cui thun tin cho vic ra mng. Thnh mng
pha trong (pha b n) thp hn thnh mng ngoi thc n khng ri vi ra li i.
Mng ung v h thng cp nc:
Ngun nc s dng cho b c m bo sch, lnh v ngon. Dng mng ung t ng
cung cp nc theo nhu cu ca b, heo, d. Mng ung c c nh cao 0.8m t
mt t v gi cho c cng mc nc vi b cha nc (theo kiu bnh thng nhau).
Rng ngn v ca ra vo:
Rng c lm bng st, chiu cao ca rng ngn gia 2 thng khong 80-100cm,
chiu di bng 2/3 ch nm. Ngoi rng ngn , c rng ngn pha trc ngang tm vai b
khng bc vo mng n hay mng ung. Cc rng chung hi trn cnh trnh cho con vt b
xy xt.
H thng lm mt:
Lm mt trc tip cho c th b, heo, d bng h thng qut thng gi. Qut lm tng lu
thng khng kh xung quanh c th. H thng lm mt ny c hiu qu cao trong c iu kin kh
hu kh cng nh m.
Sn chi v ng i:
Sn chi c hng ro b, heo, d c th vn ng t do. Sn c lt bng gch vi
din tch khong 15-20 m2/con. Trong sn chi cng b tr mng n, mng ung v cy bng mt.
ng i cho n trong chung c b tr nhm thun tin nht theo v tr chung tri. V
ng i bn ngoi b tr thun nht cho vic vn chuyn thc n v cng tc v sinh. Dc hai
bn ng i ngoi chung c cy bng mt.
H thng kho cha v can thip th y:
Xy dng khu vc ch bin v phi trn thc n km theo cc kho cha thc n tinh, kho
cha c kh, b thc n xanh... Kho thong mt, trnh nh nng, lun phng s pht trin
36
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
ca cc loi vi khun, nm mc, trnh rui nhng, cc loi cn trng v chut gy hi. Cc vt
cha thc n c np y kn.
Trong khu vc mt tri c chung cch ly v phng th y. Chung th y c t khu
t ring bit, thp hn chung nui, xa khu vc chn nui (khong 200m) v cui hng gi.
Trong chung th y c ch dng lm kho thuc v dng c th y, c cc chung nui cch
l gia sc m vi y cc phng tin cung cp thc n, nc ung, v sinh v lm mt.
Hnh: Thit k chung b
37
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Hnh: Thit k chung d
38
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Hnh: Thit k chung ln

VI.4. Gii php k thut
H thng in:
H thng chiu sng bn trong c kt hp gia chiu sng nhn to v chiu sng t
nhin.
H thng chiu sng bn ngoi c b tr h thng n pha, ngoi vic bo m an ninh
cho cng trnh cn to c nt thm m cho cng trnh vo ban m. Cng trnh c b tr
trm bin th ring bit v c my pht in d phng. H thng tip t an ton, h thng in
c lp t ring bit vi h thng tip t chng st. Vic tnh ton thit k h thng in c
tun th tuyt i cc tiu chun qui nh ca tiu chun xy dng v tiu chun ngnh.
H thng cp thot nc:
H thng cp thot nc c thit k m bo yu cu s dng nc:
+ Nc sinh hot.
+ Nc cho h thng cha chy.
+ Nc dng cho trang tri b
Vic tnh ton cp thot nc c tnh theo tiu chun cp thot nc cho cng trnh
cng cng v theo tiu chun PCCC quy nh.
H thng chng st
39
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
H thng chng st s dng h thng kim thu st hin i t tiu chun.
H thng tip t chng st phi m bo Rd < 10 v c tch ring vi h thng tip
t an ton ca h thng in.
Ton b h thng sau khi lp t phi c bo tr v kim tra nh k.
Vic tnh ton thit k chng st c tun th theo quy nh ca quy chun xy dng v
tiu chun xy dng hin hnh.
H thng Phng chy cha chy
Cng trnh c lp t h thng bo chy t ng ti cc khu vc cng cng m bo
an ton tuyt i cho cng trnh. H thng cha chy c lp t nhng ni d thao tc v
thng xuyn c ngi qua li.
H thng cha chy: ng trng km, bnh cha chy, hp cha chy, s dng thit b
ca Vit Nam t tiu chun v yu cu PCCC ra.
Vic tnh ton thit k PCCC c tun th tuyt i cc qui nh ca qui chun xy dng
v tiu chun xy dng hin hnh.
H thng thng tin lin lc
Ton b cng trnh c b tr mt tng i chnh phc v lin lc i ni v i ngoi.
Cc thit b telex, in thoi ni b, fax (nu cn) c u ni n tng phng.
40
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
CHNG VII: NH GI TC NG MI TRNG

VII.1. nh gi tc ng mi trng
VII.1.1. Gii thiu chung
D n Trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc xy dng ti huyn Bc, tnh
Ha Bnh.
Mc ch ca nh gi tc ng mi trng l xem xt nh gi nhng yu t tch cc v
tiu cc nh hng n mi trng trong xy dng d n v khu vc ln cn, t a ra cc
gii php khc phc, gim thiu nhim nng cao cht lng mi trng hn ch nhng tc
ng ri ro cho mi trng khi d n c thc thi, p ng c cc yu cu v tiu chun mi
trng.
VII.1.2. Cc quy nh v cc hng dn v mi trng
Cc quy nh v hng dn sau c dng tham kho
- Lut Bo v Mi trng s 52/2005/QH11 c Quc hi nc
CHXHCN Vit Nam kha XI k hp th 8 thng qua thng 11 nm 2005;
- Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ca Chnh ph ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006 v vic quy
nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca lut Bo v Mi trng;
- Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP ca Chnh ph ngy 28 thng 2 nm 2008 v
Sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 8 nm
2006 cu Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca
lut Bo v Mi trng;
- Thng t s 05/2008/ TT-BTNMT ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ngy
18/12/2008 v vic hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng
mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng;
- Quyt nh s 35/Q-BKHCNMT ca B trng B Khoa hc Cng ngh
v Mi trng ngy 25/6/2002 v vic cng b Danh mc tiu chun Vit Nam v
mi trng bt buc p dng;
- Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 v vic ban hnh
Danh mc cht thi nguy hi km theo Danh mc cht thi nguy hi;
- Tiu chun mi trng do B KHCN&MT ban hnh 1995, 2001 & 2005;
- Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18 thng 12 nm 2006 ca B Ti
Nguyn v Mi trng v vic bt buc p dng 05 Tiu chun Vit Nam v Mi
trng v bi b p dng mt s cc Tiu chun quy nh theo quyt nh s
35/2002/Q-BKHCNMT ngy 25 thng 6 nm 2002 ca B trng B KHCN v
Mi trng;
VII.2. Cc tc ng mi trng
VII.2.1. Cc loi cht thi pht sinh
Trong qu trnh hot ng, d n chn nui gia sc thi ra ngoi mi trng phn, nc
tiu v thc n tha. Cc cht ny ng vai tr rt ln trong qu trnh gy nhim mi trng
chn nui. Bn thn cc cht thi ra trong qu trnh chn nui ny cha nhiu nhn t c hi
nhng c th quy ra 3 nhm chnh :
41
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
+ Cc vi sinh vt c hi
+ Cc cht c hi
+ Cc kh c hi
C 3 nhm yu t c hi ny c lin quan mt thit vi nhau v ph thuc rt nhiu vo
qu trnh chn nui cng nh bnh tt vt nui. Ngun gy nhim mi trng t cc c s
chn nui bao gm cht thi rn nh lng, phn, rc, thc n tha v cht thi lng nh nc
tiu, nc ra chung, v sinh mng n, mng ung, nc tm ra cho gia sc.
Trung bnh mt con b, heo, d thi 3.5 7 kg phn v 50 - 150 lt nc thi.
Trong cht thi chn nui c nhiu cht gy nhim mi trng. Cc nh khoa hc
phn chia cc cht nhim trong cht thi chn nui thnh cc loi: cc cht hu c d b phn
hu sinh hc, cc cht hu c bn vng, cc cht v c, cc cht c mi, cc cht rn, cc loi
mm bnh ... Cc cht nhim ny c th tn ti c trong kh thi, nc thi, cht thi rn.
VII.2.2. Kh thi
Cc cht c mi
Cc cht c mi pht sinh t phn v nc thi, gy nhim khng kh. Khng kh trong
chung nui cha khong 100 hp cht kh (Haitung v Phillips,1994 ); H 2 v CO2 t nhng ni
cha phn lng di t c th gy nn s ng c cp tnh hoc mn tnh cho vt nui. Mi
phn c bit hi thi khi tch lu phn phn hu trong trng thi ym kh, kh c hi to ra
mi trng xung quanh nng cao c th gy nn ma, ngt th, ngt xu hoc cht ngi.
Lng NH3 v H2S vt qu gii hn cho php s gy mi hi v kch thch vt nui, c bit l
ln ng h hp. Cc cht gy mi cn c nh gi bi hm lng cht rn bay hi v m d
tha trong cht thi. Cc cht d tha dng cha phn hu to iu kin cho vi sinh vt gy
thi ra pht trin.
Cc cht kh nhim
CO2 l loi kh khng mu, khng mi v, nng hn khng kh (1.98 g/l). N c sinh ra
trong qu trnh th v cc qu trnh phn hu ca vi sinh vt. Nng cao s nh hng xu n
s trao i cht, trng thi chung ca c th cng nh kh nng sn xut v sc chng bnh
tt do lm gim lng oxy tn ti. Nng CO2 s tng ln do kt qu phn gii phn ng vt
v do qu trnh h hp bnh thng ca ng vt trong mt khng gian kn. V vy trong cc
chung nui c mt cao v thng kh km, hm lng cacbonic tng cao c th vt qu tiu
chun v tr nn rt c hi i vi c th vt nui.
H2S l loi kh c tim tng trong cc chung chn nui gia sc. N c sinh ra do vi
sinh vt ym kh phn hu protein v cc vt cht hu c co cha Sunfua khc. Kh thi H 2S sinh
ra c gi li trong cht lng ca ni lu gi phn. Kh H 2S c mi rt kh chu v gy c
thm ch nng thp. Sc vt b trng c H 2S ch yu do b my h hp ht vo, H 2S tip
xc vi nim mc m t, ho hp vi cht kim trong c th sinh ra Na 2S. Nim mc hp thu
Na2S vo mu, Na2S b thu phn gii phng ra H 2S s kch thch h thng thn kinh, lm t lit
trung khu h hp v vn mch. nng cao H 2S gy vim phi cp tnh km theo thu thng.
Khng kh cha trn 1mg/l H2S s lm cho con vt b cht trng thi t ngt, lit trung khu h
hp v vn mch ( Ngc Ho,1995) (Dn theo Bi Th Phng Ho). c v ng c i
vi cng nhn chn nui do ht phi H2S nng cao trong cc chung chn nui. Ngi ta c
th xc nh c mi H2S nng rt thp (0.025ppm) trong khng kh chung nui.
NH3 l mt cht kh khng mu, c mi kh chu, ngng gii hn tip nhn mi l
37mg/m3, t trng so vi khng kh l 0.59. N c mi rt cay v c th pht hin nng
42
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
5ppm. Nng NH3 in hnh trong chung c mi trng c iu ho v thng thong tt l
20 ppm v t 50 ppm nu phn tch t trn nn cng. Vo ma ng tc thng gi chm
hn th c th vt 50 ppm v c th ln n 100 200 ppm (Hi ng ht cc Hoa K, 1996).
Hm lng amoniac trong cc c s chn nui ph thuc vo s lng cht thi, cht hu c tch
t li trong cc lp n chung, tc l ph thuc vo mt nui gia sc, gia cm, m, nhit
ca khng kh v ca lp n chung, nguyn liu v xp ca lp n chung. Thng th
khu vc bn cha nhiu NH 3 hn khu vc sch. Nng ca NH 3 c pht hin trong cc tri
chn nui thng < 100 ppm.
CO l mt cht kh c hi trong khng kh chung nui. Trong khng kh bnh thng CO
nng l 0.02 ppm, trong cc ng ph l 13 ppm v nhng ni c mt giao thng cao
c th ln n 40 ppm. Loi kh ny gy c cho vt nui v con ngi do cnh tranh vi Oxy
(O2) kt ni vi st trong hng cu. i lc lin kt ny cao hn 250 ln so vi O 2 do n
y oxy ra khi v tr ca n. Kh CO kt hp vi st ca hng cu to thnh kh
carboxyhemoglobin lm cho O2 khng dc a ti m bo gy nn tnh trng thiu oxy trong
h hp t bo. Nng CO cao ti 250 ppm trong cc khu chn nui b, heo, d sinh sn c th
lm tng s lng b, heo, d con non, b, heo, d con ra b cht nhng xt nghim bnh l
cho thy khng c lin quan ti cc bnh truyn nhim.
CH4 Cht kh ny c thi ra theo phn do vi sinh vt phn gii ngun dinh dng gm
cc cht x v bt ng trong qun trnh tiu ho. Loi kh ny khng c nhng nhng n
cng gp phn lm nh hng ti vt nui do chim ch trong khng kh lm gim lng oxy.
iu kin kh quyn bnh thng, nu kh CH 4 chim 87-90% th tch khng kh s gy ra hin
tng kh th vt nui v c th dn n tnh trng hn m. Nhng quan trng hn l nu hm
hng kh metan ch chim 10-15% th tch khng kh c th gy n, y l mi nguy him
chnh ca kh metan.
VII.2.3. Nc thi
Nc thi pht sinh t trang tri chn nui do lm v sinh chung tri, mng n, mng
ung, nc tm ra cho gia sc hng ngy, nc tiu do gia sc bi tit ra mi trng. Thnh
phn nc thi chn nui bin ng rt ln ph thuc vo quy m chn nui, phng php v
sinh, kiu chung tri v cht lng nc v sinh chung tri....Trong nc thi, nc chim 75
95%, phn cn li l cc cht hu c, v c v mm bnh. Cc cht hu c d b phn hu sinh
hc. Gm cc cht nh: Cacbonhydrat, protein, cht bo.... y l cht gy nhim ch yu ca
nc thi khu dn c, cng nghip ch bin thc phm, l m .Cht hu c tiu th xy rt
mnh, gy hin tng gim xy trong ngun tip nhn dn n suy thoi v gim cht lng
ngun nc.
Cc cht rn tng s trong nc
Bao gm cht rn l lng v cht rn ho tan, cht rn bay hi v cht rn khng bay hi
do cc cht keo protein, hydratcacbon, cht bo c trong nc thi hoc c to ra khi gp iu
kin nh: pH, nhit , cng thch hp. Lng cht rn l lng cao trong nc gy cn tr
qu trnh x l cht thi. Cht rn l lng trong nc thi chn nui ch yu l cn phn vt nui
trong qu trnh v sinh chung tri, trong phn c Nitrogen, pht pht v nhiu vi sinh vt. Phn
ln N trong phn dng Amonium (NH4+) v hp cht nit hu c. Nu khng c x l th
mt lng ln Amonium s i vo khng kh dng Amonia (NH 3). Nitrat v vi sinh vt theo
nc thi ra ngoi mi trng c th nhim vo ngun nc ngm v lm t b nhim.
Cc cht hu c bn vng
43
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Bao gm cc hp cht Hydrocacbon, vng thm, hp cht a vng, hp cht c cha Clo
hu c trong cc loi ho cht tiu c kh trng nh DDT, Lindan.....cc cht ho hc ny c
kh nng tn lu trong t nhin lu di v tch ly trong c th cc loi sinh vt. Cc cht v c.
Bao gm cc cht nh Amonia, ion PO 43+ , K+, SO42- , Cl+. Kali trong phn l cht lng tn ti
nh mt loi mui ho tan, phn ln l t nc tiu gia sc bi tit ra khong 90%. Kali trong
thc n cng c gia sc bi tit ra ngoi. Ion SO 42- c to ra do s phn hu cc hp cht
cha lu hunh trong iu kin hiu kh hoc ym kh.
(CH3)2S + 2H2 2CH4 + H2 ( ym kh)
CH3SH + O2 +H2O CH4 + H2SO4 (Mercaptan )
(CH3)2S + O2 +H2O CH4 + H2SO4 (hiu kh)
Clorua l cht v c c nhiu trong nc thi, nng Clorua vt qu mc 350mg/l s
gy nhim t, nc ngm v nc b mt........
Cc yu t vi sinh vt
Trong nc thi c cha mt tp on kh rng cc vi sinh vt c li v c hi, trong c
nhiu loi trng k sinh trng, vi trng v virus gy bnh nh: E.coli, Salmonella, Shigella,
Proteus, Arizona.... Bnh thng, cc vi sinh vt ny sng cng sinh vi nhau trong ng tiu
ho nn c s cn bng sinh thi. Khi xut hin tnh trng bnh l th s cn bng b ph v,
chng hn nh gia sc b a chy th s lng vi khun gy bnh s nhiu hn v ln p tp on
vi khun c li.
Trong nhng trng hp vt nui mc cc bnh truyn nhim khc th s o thi vi trng
gy bnh trong cht thi tr nn nguy him cho mi trng v cho cc vt nui khc.
VII.2.4. Cht thi rn
Cht thi rn t hot ng chn nui bao gm phn, rc, cht n chung, thc n d tha,
xc gia sc cht hng ngy. T l cc cht hu c, v c, vi sinh vt trong cht thi ph thuc vo
khu phn n, ging, loi gia sc v cch dn v sinh.
Trong cht thi rn cha : nc 56 - 83%, cht hu c 1 - 26%, nit 0.32 1.6%, P 0.25
1.4%, K 0.15 0.95% v nhiu loi vi khun, virus, trng giun sn gy bnh cho ngi v ng
vt. Cc thnh phn trong cht thi rn c th khc nhau v t l cc thnh phn ny cng khc
nhau tu tng loi gia sc, gia cm. Ngoi mt s thnh phn nh trn th trong cht thi rn
cn cha mt s vi sinh vt gy bnh cho ngi v ng vt.
VII.3. Bin php gim thiu tc ng mi trng
VII.3.1. X l cht thi rn
Nguyn tc chung
Cht thi rn pht sinh trong qu trnh chn nui phi c thu gom gn gng sch s, c
ni thu gom, cha cht thi rn, thng cha phi bng vt liu bn, c np y kn, khng r r,
thm ht, chy trn. Thng xuyn dng ho cht, vi bt st trng ni cha cht thi rn.
Khng tn tr cht thi rn ti chung tri v ni thu gom ca c s qu 24 gi m khng c bin
php x l thch hp. Phng tin vn chuyn cht thi rn phi m bo kn, khng r r, khng
ri vi, khng thot mi hi. Cht thi rn sau khi x l phi m bo t tiu chun mi trng
theo quy nh. Tt nht nn xy hm Biogas x l cht thi rn v tn dng c ngun cht
t cho sinh hot. Tuy nhin, i vi chn nui quy m nh th phi xy dng b phn xanh.
Hng ngy tin hnh thu gom phn rc tp trung v h hoai mc trc khi s dng bn cho
cy trng. Nn chung nui v h x l cht thi phi c xy v lng xi mng d dng cho
44
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
qu trnh c ra v sinh v trnh c s thm thu cht lng ra ngoi mi trng, to c
ym kh ca h , gip phn chng hoai mc.
Quy trnh phn xanh
phn xanh l qu trnh x l phn v cc cht thi rn bng cch trn ln vi vi bt +
t bt + phn ln + l phn xanh hoc tru, hoai mc. C 2 cch phn xanh nh sau:
- trn mt t bng cch ri mt lp vi bt pha trn mt t sau di mt lp phn,
cht n ln. C mt lp phn dy 20-30 cm li ri mt lp vi bt cho n khi ng phn cao
khong 1-1.2m th p kn bn ngoi bng mt lp bn dy khong 5-7cm.
- o h su 2-2.5m, chu vi h tu thuc vo lng cht thi cn x l. Ri mt lp vi
bt ln b mt ca h sau a cht thi xung v lm tng t nh trn mt t, khong
cch t lp cht thi trn cng ti mt t l 50cm.
Sau khi tin hnh kh trng tiu c khu vc xung quanh bng vi bt, hoc cc ho cht
sau: Formol 2-3%, Xt 2-3%, Chloramin, Prophyl, Virkon, Biocid,...
Trong qu trnh , nh k 3- 5 ngy cn phi ly nc (tt nht l nc thi v sinh
chung tri) ti u trn b duy tr m v cugn cp thm dinh dng cho vi khun k
kh pht trin. Thng thng, sau khong 1 thng th phn xanh hoai ht, ly ra bn cho cy
trng.
H thng Biogas
Biogas l mt loi kh t sinh hc c to ra khi phn hy ym kh phn thi ra ca gia
sc. Cc cht thi ca gia sc c cho vo hm kn (hay ti ), cc vi sinh vt s phn hy
chng thnh cc cht mn v kh, kh ny c thu li qua mt h thng ng dn ti l t,
phc v sinh hot ca gia nh. Cc cht thi ra sau qu trnh phn hy trong hm kn (hay ti )
gn nh sch v c th thi ra mi trng, c bit nc thi ca h thng Biogas c th dng
ti cho cy trng.
K thut x l bng b Biogas c nhiu cch, ph thuc vo nng sut s dng nh ti
sinh kh Biogas bng cht do, hm c np tri ni v hm c np c nh.
Tt nht nn chn v tr xy dng hm phn hu gn chung tri v h thng cp thot
nc thun tin. C th xy dng ngay trong chung tri tit kim t.
VII.3.2. X l nc thi
Phi m bo h thng thot nc v sinh chung tri lun khai thng, khng t ng
pht sinh mi hi, rui mui. Nc thi phi c x l bng hm t hoi, hm biogas, ao lng
lc v cc phng php khc m bo khng pht sinh mi hi hoc chy trn ra mi trng
xung quanh. Nc thi sau khi x l phi m bo t tiu chun theo quy nh. i vi cc c
s chn nui nh, h gia nh khng c h thng x l nc thi th ton b nc thi trong qu
trnh chn nui, v sinh chung tri,... phi c x l bng cc ho cht st trng trc khi chy
vo h thng thot nc chung. Ngoi ra c th xy dng h thng b lng lc c trng cy thu
sinh x l. i vi cc c s chn nui ln, nc thi trong qu trnh chn nui, v sinh
chung tri,... phi c x l qua h thng x l nc thi trc khi thi ra ngoi, m bo
v sinh an ton dch bnh, v sinh mi trng. Thng thng, nc thi v sinh chung tri c
x l cng vi cc cht thi rn trong hm Biogas, tuy nhin phn nc thi sau Biogas thi ra
vn lm nhim mi trng xung quanh.
VII.3.3. X l kh thi, mi hi
45
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Thng xuyn v sinh chung tri gim thiu mi hi pht sinh trong qu trnh chn
nui. Kh thi trong qu trnh nui nht, tn tr cht thi phi c x l bng cc bin php
thch hp khng pht sinh mi hi nh hng n mi trng xung quanh.
VII.3.4. Gim thiu cc tc ng khc
X l ting n: Cc khu vc tp trung ng dn c, chung tri phi c tng bao quanh,
xy dng cao ti thiu l 2m. Ting n phi x l t tiu chun theo quy nh TCVN 59491998.
- St trng, v sinh chung tri: nh k phun dipterex tr rui, mui, k sinh trng; nh
k ty u chung tri v mi trng chung quanh.
- Trng cy xanh to bng mt v chn c gi lnh, gi nng, ngoi ra cy xanh cn
quang hp ht kh CO2 v thi kh O2 rt tt cho mi trng chn nui. Nn trng cc loi cy
nh: nhn, vi, keo du, mung.
- Tiu c kh trng i vi phng tin vn chuyn gia cm, sn phm gia cm - Trang
b dng c bo h lao ng khi s dng ha cht (phun thuc st trng, thuc ty u,)
VII.3.5. Y t, v sinh v v sinh mi trng
Vi ring sn xut dc liu, tt c quy trnh t trng trt, thu hi, ch bin, ng gi phi
tun theo cc quy nh quc gia v an ton, vn chuyn vt liu v v sinh mi trng.
Tt c ai tham gia vn chuyn, ch bin, thu hi hay trng trt phi tun theo cc quy nh
v sinh ca quc gia trong ton b quy trnh ch bin.
Tt c nhn vin phi c bo v trnh tip xc vi tho dc c hay d ng tim tng
bng o qun bo v thch hp, k c gng tay.
Tnh trng y t.
Tt c nhn s c bit, hay b nghi ng l ang mang mm bnh hoc b au yu c th
ly truyn sang nguyn liu cy thuc khng c php vo khu vc thu hoch, sn xut hay ch
bin.
au yu, tn thng
Tt c nhn vin c vt thng cha lin ming, b vim hay bnh ngoi da phi b hon
cng vic hay buc mc o qun bo v v mang gng tay cho n khi phc hi hon ton.
Nhng ngi b bnh truyn nhim qua khng kh hay thc n, k c bnh l hay tiu chy, phi
b ngng cng tc trong tt c khu vc sn xut v ch bin, theo quy nh a phng, quc gia.
Cc tnh trng sc kho phi c bo co cho b phn qun l xem xt khm nghim y
khoa v/hoc c th min khi vic vn chuyn nguyn liu cy thuc gm: bnh vng da, tiu
chy, nn ma, sut, rt c hng c st, cc thng tn b nhim thy c (phng, t, v.v...) v
cc cht phng thch t tai, mi hay mt. Nhn vin no c vt t hay vt thng v c php
tip tc lm vic nen che vt thng li bng bng khng thm nc thch hp.
V sinh c nhn.
Nhn vin x l nguyn liu cy thuc phi duy tr mt mc cao v v sinh c nhn.
Nhn vin phi lun ra tay lc bt u cc hot ng x l, khi i v sinh, v sau khi x
l nguyn liu cy thuc hay vt liu nhim no.
Hnh vi c nhn.
Khng nn cho php ht thuc v n trong khu vc ch bin cy thuc. Nhn vin x l
nguyn liu cy thuc phi hn ch cc hnh vi c th gy nhim vt liu, th d, khc nh, ht
x hay ho ln trn vt liu khng c bo v.
46
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
T trang nh n trang, ng h v cc mn khc khng nn mang hay a vo khu vc
ni nguyn liu cy thuc c x l nu chng e do s an ton hay phm cht ca dc liu.
VII.4. Kt lun
Mi hot ng sn xut nng nghip u c nhng tc ng khng tt n mi trng.
Tuy nhin, vi din tch rng ln, sc ti mi trng y s rt cao, v th qu trnh chn nui
b, heo, d s khng gy nh hng ln n mi trng trng cy dc liu cng nh mi
trng xung quanh.
47
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
CHNG VIII: TNG MC U T D N

VIII.1. C s lp tng mc u t
Tng mc u t cho d n Trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc c lp
da trn cc phng n trong h s thit k c s ca d n v cc cn c sau y :
- Lut Xy dng s 16/2003/QH11 ngy 26/11/2003 ca Quc Hi Nc Cng ho X hi
Ch ngha Vit Nam;
- Lut thu thu nhp doanh nghip ca Quc Hi kha XII k hp th 3, s 14/2008/QH12
Ngy 03 thng 06 nm 2008 ;
- Ngh nh s 12/2009/N-CP ngy 12/2/2009 ca Chnh ph v vic Qun l d n u t
v xy dng cng trnh;
- Ngh nh s 209/2004/N-CP ngy 16/12/2004 ca Chnh ph v vic Qun l cht
lng cng trnh xy dng v Ngh nh s 49/2008/N-CP ngy 18/04/2008 ca Chnh ph v
vic sa i b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh 2009/2004/N-CP;
- Ngh nh s 99/2007/N-CP ngy 13/06/2009 ca Chnh ph v qun l chi ph u t
xy dng cng trnh;
- Ngh nh s 123/2008/N-CP ngy 08/12/2008 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh
Lut thu gi tr gia tng;
- Ngh nh s 148/2004/N-CP ngy 23/07/2004 sa i, b sung Khon 1 iu 7 Ngh
nh s 158/2003/N-CP;
- Thng t s 05/2007/TT-BXD ngy 27/05/2007 ca B Xy dng v vic Hng dn
vic lp v qun l chi ph d n u t xy dng cng trnh;
- Thng t s 129/2008/TT-BTC ngy 26/12/2008 hng dn thi hnh Ngh nh s
123/2008/N-CP;
- Thng t 130/2008/TT-BTT ngy 26/12/2008 hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut
Thu Thu Nhp Doanh Nghip.
- Thng t s 02/2007/TTBXD ngy 14/2/2007. Hng dn mt s ni dung v: lp, thm
nh, ph duyt d n u t xy dng cng trnh; giy php xy dng v t chc qun l d n
u t xy dng cng trnh;
- nh mc chi ph qun l d n v t vn u t xy dng km theo Quyt nh s
957/Q-BXD ngy 29/9/2009 ca B Xy dng;
- Thng t 33-2007-TT/BTC ca B Ti Chnh ngy 09 thng 04 nm 2007 hng dn
quyt ton d n hon thnh thuc ngun vn nh nc;
- Thng t 203/2009/TT-BTC ca B Ti Chnh ngy 20 thng 10 nm 2010 hng dn ch
qun l, s dng v trch khu hao ti sn c nh;
- Cc vn bn khc ca Nh nc lin quan n lp Tng mc u t, tng d ton v d
ton cng trnh.
VIII.2. Ni dung tng mc u t
VIII.2.1. Ni dung
Mc ch ca tng mc u t l tnh ton ton b chi ph u t xy dng D n Trng
cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc, lm c s lp k hoch v qun l vn u t,
xc nh hiu qu u t ca d n.
48
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Tng mc u t ca d n l 11,362,333,000 ng bao gm:
+ Chi ph xy dng v lp t;
+ Chi ph my mc thit b;
+ Chi ph qun l d n;
+ Chi ph t vn u t xy dng;
+ Chi ph con ging;
+ Chi ph ging cy dc liu;
+ Chi ph trng c gia chn nui;
+ Chi ph gii phng v san lp mt bng;
+ Chi ph cy xi v gieo trng;
+ D phng ph;
+ Li vay trong thi gian xy dng;
+ Chi ph khc.
Khi ton chi ph xy dng v lp t
Khi ton chi ph xy dng v lp t cho cc cng trnh bao gm:
Khu vc chung:
+ Nh bo v;
+ Vn phng lm vic;
+ Nh n;
+ ng ni b;
+ Cng;
+ Tng bao quanh;
+ B cha nc;
+ Nh v sinh;
+ Hm Biogas;
+ Ging khoan;
Khu vc trng cy dc liu
+ Xng sy;
+ Kho cha;
+ Sn phi dc liu;
+ Khu m ging cy dc liu;
+ Khu trng cy dc liu c mi che;
Khu vc chn nui kt hp
+ Chung d;
+ Chung b;
+ Chung heo;
+ H phn;
49
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Khi ton chi ph xy dng v lp t c th hin qua bng sau:
Bng : Khi ton kinh ph xy dng v lp t
STT
I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
1
2
3
4
III
1
2
3
4
5
n
Din tch
v
Khu vc chung
Nh bo v
m2
16
2
Vn phng lm vic
m
35
Nh n
m2
60
2
WC chung
m
21
Hm biogas
HT
1
Cng
ci
2
Tng bao quanh
m
1,440
B cha nc
m2
15
2
ng ni b
m
1,456
Ging khoan
ci
10
Khu chn nui
Chung d
m2
267
Chung b
m2
325
2
Chung heo
m
552
H phn
m2
316
Khu trng cy dc liu
Khu m ging cy
m2
5,500
dc liu
Sn phi dc liu
m2
2,000
Khu trng cy dc
m2
liu c mi che bng
6,000
li
Xng sy
m2
200
Kho cha
m2
300
TNG CNG
Hng mc
VT: 1000 ng
Sut xy
Thnh tin
dng (/m2)
(ngn ng)
1,216,791
1,850
29,600
1,975
69,125
1,975
118,500
510
10,710
46,000
46,000
5,200
10,400
425
612,000
920
13,800
176
256,256
5,040
50,400
1,132,660
230
61,410
890
289,250
890
491,280
920
290,720
2,546,000
123
676,500
195
390,000
82
492,000
1,975
1,975
395,000
592,500
4,895,451
Khi ton chi ph my mc thit b

Khi ton chi ph my mc thit b bao gm:
+ My ra v tch v dc liu dng c;
+ My ra v tch dc liu dng tho;
+ My sao dc liu t ng;
+ My nghin dc liu;
+ My thi dc liu thi lt c qu ti;
+ T sy dc liu;
+ My bm nc;
+ H thng ti tiu cho dc liu;
+ T ct tr dc liu;
+ Thit b vn chuyn dc liu;
+ Dng c thu hoch dc liu;
+ Thit b vn phng lm vic;
50
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
+ Thit b nh ngh cng nhn;
+ Thit b nh n;
+ H thng in;
Khi ton chi ph my mc thit b dng cho d n c th hin qua bng sau:
Bng : Bng khi ton chi ph my mc thit b d n n gi
Thnh tin
trc thu
67,900
271,600
27160
298,760
ci
55,800
223,200
22320
245,520
My sao dc liu t ng
ci
56,800
198,700
19870
218,570
My nghin dc liu cng sut

25-30 kg/gi
ci
44,300
177,200
17720
194,920
My thi dc liu ( kch thc 35 cm) thi lt c qu ti, cng

sut 50-100 kg/ gi
ci
34,560
138,240
13824
152,064
ci
61,150
244,600
24460
269,060
chic
10
3,560
32,364
3,236
35,600
138,000
125,455
12,545
138,000
1
3
1
145,000
5,360
13,800
131,818
14,618
12,545
13,182
1,462
1,255
145,000
16,080
13,800
3,120
11,345
1,135
12,480
chic
685
1,245
125
1,370
chic
6,700
6,091
609
6,700
b
b
7
1
2,350
110,000
14,955
100,000
1,495
10,000
16,450
110,000
chic
685
3,114
311
3,425
chic
h
thng
6,700
12,182
1,218
13,400
128,000
116,364
11,636
128,000
Hng mc
My ra v tch v dc liu
dng c
My ra dc liu dng tho
T sy dc liu
My bm nc 125W. A-130
JACK
H thng ti tiu cho dc liu
Thit b ct tr dc liu ( t)
Thit b vn chuyn dc liu
Dng c thu hoch dc liu
Vn phng lm vic
+ Bn gh
+ Qut trn cnh 1,4m ASIA
J56002
+ Ti vi LG LCD 32LH20R
Nh n
+ Bn gh
+ Dng c nh bp
+ Qut trn cnh 1,4m ASIA
J56002
+ Ti vi LG LCD 32LH20R
H thng in
n v
S
lng
ci
VT: 1000 ng
h
thng
thit b
xe
b
TNG CNG
VAT
Thnh tin
sau thu
2,019,199
Theo quyt nh s 957/Q-BXD cng b nh mc chi ph qun l d n v t vn u

t xy dng cng trnh, lp cc chi ph nh sau:
51
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Chi ph qun l d n
Chi ph qun l d n tnh theo nh mc chi ph qun l d n v t vn u t xy dng
cng trnh.
Chi ph qun l d n bao gm cc chi ph t chc thc hin cc cng vic qun l d
n t giai on chun b d n, thc hin d n n khi hon thnh nghim thu bn giao cng
trnh vo khai thc s dng, bao gm:
Chi ph t chc lp d n u t.
Chi ph t chc thm nh d n u t, tng mc u t; chi ph t chc thm tra thit k
k thut, thit k bn v thi cng v d ton xy dng cng trnh.
Chi ph t chc la chn nh thu trong hot ng xy dng;
Chi ph t chc qun l cht lng, khi lng, tin v qun l chi ph xy dng cng
trnh;
Chi ph t chc m bo an ton v v sinh mi trng ca cng trnh;
Chi ph t chc nghim thu, thanh ton, quyt ton hp ng; thanh ton, quyt ton vn
u t xy dng cng trnh;
Chi ph t chc nghim thu, bn giao cng trnh;
Chi ph khi cng, khnh thnh;
Chi ph qun l d n = (GXL+GTB)*2.524% =
174,526,000 ng
GXL: Chi ph xy lp
GTB: Chi ph thit b, my mc
Chi ph t vn u t xy dng
Bao gm:
- Chi ph t vn lp d n u t;
- Chi ph thm tra d ton ;
- Chi ph kim nh ng b h thng thit b ;
Chi ph lp d n = (GXL + GTB) x 3.270% = 226,109,000 ng.
Chi ph thm tra d ton = GXL x 0.231% = 11,308,000 ng.
Chi ph kim nh ng b h thng thit b : GTB x 0.300% =
6,058,000 ng.
Chi ph t vn u t xy dng =243,475,000 ng.

Chi ph khc
Chi ph khc bao gm cc chi ph cn thit khng thuc chi ph xy dng; chi ph thit b;
chi ph qun l d n v chi ph t vn u t xy dng ni trn:
Chi ph bo him xy dng;
Chi ph kim ton;
Chi ph lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng;
Chi ph bo him xy dng = GXL x 1.500 % = 73,432,000 ng.
Chi ph kim ton= (GXL +GTB) x 0.458 % = 31,697,000 ng.
Chi ph l p bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng = 100,000,000 ng.
Chi ph khc =205,129,000 ng.
52
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Chi ph ging cy dc liu.

Vi din tch trng l 88,010 m2, chi ph trng cy dc liu c th hin qua bng sau:
Bng: Chi ph ging cy dc liu
STT
Hng mc
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Ba kch
Bch ch
Bch trut
C ngt
Dip h chu
inh lng
trng
c hot
ng quy
H kh Tho
H Th
Hoi sn
Kim ngn
Kim tin tho
Ngu tt
Tht dip nht
chi hoa
Thc a
Trinh n hong
cung
X en
Xuyn khung
TNG
16
17
18
19
20
Din tch gieo

trng (m2)
S
lng/ha
n v
8,500
65
53
70,000
67
30,000
1,600
2,550
45
2,600
3,250
360
1,760
2,630
1,890
cy/ha
kg ht/ha
kg ht/ha
cy/ha
kg ht/ha
cy/ha
cy/ha
cy/ha
kg ht/ha
cy/ha
cy/ha
kg c/ha
cy/ha
cy/ha
cy/ha
4,562
6,736
6,884
7,100
5,500
4,588
3,100
4,600
4,759
3,238
4,430
3,900
4,782
3,580
4,298
2,510
3,756
1,560 cy/ha
132 kg c/ha
n gi
Thnh tin
(ngn ng)
9
185
130
1.5
320
7
35
55
300
28
21
27
15
16
12
34,899
8,100
4,743
74,550
11,792
96,348
17,360
64,515
6,425
23,573
30,235
3,791
12,624
15,065
9,748
85
33,283
25
1,239
2,566
54,800 cy/ha
0.5
7,031
3,577
3,544
88,010
1,850 cy/ha
1,920 cy/ha
9
13
5,956
8,846
470,122
Chi ph ging cy dc liu = 470,122,000 ng.
53
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Chi ph u t con ging

Nhm phc v cho hot ng chn nui gia sc ca d n, ch u t mua
100 con d ci, 6 con d c, 50 b vng ging v 30 heo ging.
Chi ph u t con ging c th hin qua bng sau :
Bng: Chi phi u t con ging
STT
1
2
3
Hng mc
D
+ D ci
+ D c
B
Heo
n v
con
con
con
con
TNG
S
lng
100
6
50
30
n gi
(ngn ng)
1,300
3,000
13,000
6,000
Thnh tin
(ngn ng)
130,000
18,000
650,000
180,000
978,000
Chi ph u t con ging = 978,000,000 ng
Chi ph trng c
phc ph cho nhu cu cung cp lng thc n cho b v d trong trang tri, ch u
t u t trng c vi din tch 1 ha vi n gi 42,000,000 ng/ha.
Chi ph trng c = 42,000,000 ng
Chi ph san lp v gii phng mt bng (tm tnh)= 450,000,000 ng.
Chi ph cy xi v gieo trng dc liu = 767,343,000 ng.
Chi ph ny bao gm: chi ph cy t, trng dc liu, bn lt ban u
Chi ph d phng
D phng ph bng 10% chi ph xy lp, chi ph thit b, chi ph qun l d n, chi ph t
vn u t xy dng, chi ph u t con ging v chi ph khc ph hp vi Thng t s
05/2007/TT-BXD ngy 25/07/2007 ca B Xy dng v vic Hng dn lp v qun l chi ph
d n u t xy dng cng trnh.
Chi ph d phng
(GXl+Gtb+Gqlda+Gtv+Gk+Gg)*10%= 902,790,000 ng.
Li vay trong thi gian xy dng:
Trong thi gian xy dng, d tnh ngn hng s gii ngn vn vay trong thi gian 8 thng
t thng 12/2012 n thng 7/2013. Chi ph li vay trong thi gian xy dng c tnh theo d
n u k v vn vay trong k.
Li vay trong thi gian xy dng: 214,299,000 ng.
54
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
VIII.2.2. Kt qu tng mc u t
Bng: Tng mc u t d n
STT
Hng mc
I
II
III
IV
1
2
Chi ph xy dng
Chi ph my mc thit b
Chi ph qun l d n
Chi ph lp d n
Chi ph thm tra d ton
Chi ph kim nh ng b h thng
3
thit b
V
Chi ph khc
1
Chi ph bo him xy dng
2
Chi ph kim ton
3
Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng
VI Chi ph con ging
VII Chi ph ging cy dc liu
VIII Chi ph trng c
IX Chi ph d phng=Gcp*10%
Chi ph san lp v gii phng mt
X
bng
XI Chi ph cy xi gieo trng
TNG VN U T (cha c li
vay)
XII Li vay trong thi gian xy dng
TNG VN U T (c li vay)
VT: 1000 ng
Gi tr
trc thu
VAT
Gi tr
sau thu
4,450,410
1,835,635
158,660
221,341
205,554
10,280
445,041
183,564
15,866
22,134
20,555
1,028
4,895,451
2,019,199
174,526
243,475
226,109
11,308
5,507
551
6,058
186,480
66,756
28,815
90,909
889,091
427,383
38,182
820,718
18,648
6,676
2,882
9,091
88,909
42,738
3,818
82,072
205,129
73,432
31,697
100,000
978,000
470,122
42,000
902,790
409,091
40,909
450,000
697,585
69,758
767,343
10,134,577
1,013,458
11,148,034
1,013,458
214,299
11,362,333
10,134,577
55
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
VIII.2.3. Vn lu ng
Ngoi nhng khon u t my mc thit b, trang tri trong giai on u t ban u, khi
d n i vo hot ng cn b sung ngun vn lu ng.
Vn lu ng ca d n bao gm khon phi thu bng 10 % doanh thu, khon phi tr
bng 10 % chi ph hot ng v nhu cu tn qu tin mt bng 5 % doanh thu.
Theo k hoch th d n i vo hot ng vo nm qu II/2013 sau khi hon thnh cc giai
on u t.
Bng: Bng vn lu ng
VT:1000 ng
Nm
Khon phi thu (AR)
Thay i trong khon phi
thu
( (+)AR = ARt-1-ARt )
Khon phi tr (AP)
Thay i trong khon phi
tr
( (+)AP = APt-1-APt )
S d tin mt (CB)
Thay i s d tin mt
( (+)CB = CBt-CBt-1 )
2013
1
251,231
2014
2
963,104
2015
3
999,644
2016
4
1,137,120
2017,..
5,..
1,147,570
(251,231)
(711,873)
(36,539)
(137,476)
(10,450)
194,970
431,202
448,486
510,055
544,080
(194,970)
(236,232)
(17,284)
(61,569)
(34,025)
125,616
481,552
499,822
568,560
573,785
125,616
355,937
18,270
68,738
5,225
56
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
CHNG IX: NGUN VN THC HIN D N

IX.1 Cu trc tng mc u t v phn b tng mc u t
Bng: Cu trc tng mc u t
VT : 1,000 ng
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Hng mc
Chi ph xy dng
Chi ph thit b
Chi ph qun l d n
Chi ph khc
Chi ph ging
D phng ph
Chi ph san lp v gii phng mt bng
Chi ph cy xi v trng dc liu
TNG CNG (cha c li vay)
Li vay trong thi gian xy dng
TNG CNG (c li vay)
Thnh tin
trc thu
VAT
4,450,410
1,835,635
158,660
221,341
186,480
1,354,656
820,718
409,091
697,585
10,134,577
445,041
183,564
15,866
22,134
18,648
135,466
82,072
40,909
69,758
1,013,458
10,134,577
1,013,458
Thnh tin
sau thu
4,895,451
2,019,199
174,526
243,475
205,129
1,490,122
902,790
450,000
767,343
11,148,034
214,299
11,362,333
IX.2 Tin s dng vn

Bng: Tin s dng vn u t
ng
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Hng mc
Chi ph xy dng
Chi ph thit b
Chi ph qun l d n
Chi ph khc
Chi ph ging
D phng ph
Chi ph cy xi gieo trng
TNG CNG (cha c li vay)
Li vay trong thi gian xy dng
TNG CNG ( c li vay)
VT: 1,000
Qu IV/ 2012
1,223,863
43,631
243,475
102,564
451,395
450,000
767,343
3,282,272
25,089
3,307,361
Qu I/2013
3,671,588
2,019,199
130,894
102,564
1,490,122
451,395
7,865,763
189,210
8,054,972
Tng cng
4,895,451
2,019,199
174,526
243,475
205,129
1,490,122
902,790
450,000
767,343
11,148,034
214,299
11,362,333
57
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
IX.3 Ngun vn thc hin d n
Bng: Ngun vn thc hin d n
STT
1
2
Hng mc
Vn ch s hu
Vn vay
Cng
VT: 1,000 ng
Qu IV/ 2012
Qu I/2013
Tng cng
845,657
2,155,650
3,001,307
2,461,704
5,899,322
8,361,026
3,307,361
8,054,972
11,362,333
Vi tng mc u t 11,348,046,000 ng. Trong : Ch u t b vn 25% tng mc

u t ban u (cha bao gm li vay) tng ng vi s tin 3,001,307,000 ng v chi ph li
vay trong thi gian xy dng l 214,299,000 ng. Ngoi ra cng ty d nh vay 75 % trn tng
vn u t (Cha bao gm li vay trong thi gian xy dng), tc tng s tin cn vay l
8,361,026,000 ng. Ngun vn vay ny d kin vay trong thi gian 84 thng vi li sut d
kin 12%/nm. Thi gian n hn tr vn gc l 8 thng v thi gian tr n l 76 thng.
Phng thc vay vn: n gc c n hn trong 8 thng, trong thi gian n hn, ch u
t ch tr li vay theo d n u k v vn vay trong k. Ngun vn c gii ngn trong vng 4
thng t 01/12/2012 n 01/03/2013
Tin rt vn vay v tr li vay c trnh by bng sau:
Bng: Tin rt vn vay v tr li vay ca d n
Ngy
1
2
3
4
12/1/2012
1/1/2013
2/1/2013
3/1/2013
D n u
k
2,461,704
4,428,144
6,394,585
Vay n
trong k
2,461,704
1,966,441
1,966,441
1,966,441
Tr n
trong k
25,089
45,131
58,865
85,214
VT: 1000 ng
Tr n
gc
Tr li
vay
25,089
45,131
58,865
85,214
D n cui
k
2,461,704
4,428,144
6,394,585
8,361,026
S vn vay ny k vng s c gii ngn nhiu ln vo u mi thng, vi tng s tin l

8,361,026,000 ng. Trong thi gian xy dng, cui mi thng ch u t s tr ton b li vay
ch cha tr vn gc v cha c ngun doanh thu t hot ng ca d n.
IX.4. Phng n hon tr vn vay v chi ph li vay
Phng n hon tr vn vay c xut trong d n ny l phng n tr li v n gc
nh k hng nm sau mt nm d n i vo hot ng. Phng n hon tr vn vay c th
hin c th ti bng sau:
Bng: Phng n hon tr vn vay
VT: 1,000 ng
T l vn vay
S tin vay
Thi hn vay
n hn
Li vay
Thi hn tr n
75%
8,361,026
84
8
12%
76
ngn ng
thng
thng
/nm
thng
58
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Thi hn vay ca d n l 84 thng, ch u t c n hn 8 thng. Sau thi gian n hn,
khi d n i vo khai thc kinh doanh, c ngun thu s bt u tr vn gc. Ch u t s phi tr
n trong 76 thng. Tng s tin phi tr cho ngn hng mi k bao gm li vay v khon vn gc
u mi k.
K hoch tr n theo cc k c th hin c th qua bng sau:
Bng: K hoch tr n
VT: 1000 ng
Ngy
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
4/1/2013
5/1/2013
6/1/2013
7/1/2013
8/1/2013
9/1/2013
10/1/2013
11/1/2013
12/1/2013
1/1/2014
2/1/2014
3/1/2014
4/1/2014
5/1/2014
6/1/2014
7/1/2014
8/1/2014
9/1/2014
10/1/2014
11/1/2014
12/1/2014
1/1/2015
2/1/2015
3/1/2015
4/1/2015
5/1/2015
6/1/2015
7/1/2015
8/1/2015
9/1/2015
10/1/2015
11/1/2015
12/1/2015
D n u
k
8,361,026
8,361,026
8,361,026
8,361,026
8,361,026
8,251,012
8,140,999
8,030,985
7,920,972
7,810,958
7,700,945
7,590,931
7,480,918
7,370,904
7,260,891
7,150,877
7,040,864
6,930,850
6,820,837
6,710,823
6,600,810
6,490,796
6,380,783
6,270,769
6,160,756
6,050,742
5,940,729
5,830,715
5,720,702
5,610,688
5,500,675
5,390,661
5,280,648
Vay n
trong k
Tr n
trong k
82,465
85,214
82,465
85,214
195,227
191,393
192,985
189,223
190,742
189,621
180,904
187,379
183,798
185,136
181,628
182,894
181,772
178,373
179,530
176,202
177,288
176,166
168,752
173,924
170,777
171,681
168,607
169,439
168,318
165,352
166,075
163,182
163,833
Tr n
gc
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
Tr li
vay
82,465
85,214
82,465
85,214
85,214
81,380
82,971
79,210
80,729
79,608
70,891
77,365
73,784
75,123
71,614
72,880
71,759
68,359
69,516
66,189
67,274
66,153
58,738
63,910
60,764
61,668
58,593
59,425
58,304
55,338
56,062
53,168
53,819
D n
cui k
8,361,026
8,361,026
8,361,026
8,361,026
8,251,012
8,140,999
8,030,985
7,920,972
7,810,958
7,700,945
7,590,931
7,480,918
7,370,904
7,260,891
7,150,877
7,040,864
6,930,850
6,820,837
6,710,823
6,600,810
6,490,796
6,380,783
6,270,769
6,160,756
6,050,742
5,940,729
5,830,715
5,720,702
5,610,688
5,500,675
5,390,661
5,280,648
5,170,634
59
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
1/1/2016
2/1/2016
3/1/2016
4/1/2016
5/1/2016
6/1/2016
7/1/2016
8/1/2016
9/1/2016
10/1/2016
11/1/2016
12/1/2016
1/1/2017
2/1/2017
3/1/2017
4/1/2017
5/1/2017
6/1/2017
7/1/2017
8/1/2017
9/1/2017
10/1/2017
11/1/2017
12/1/2017
1/1/2018
2/1/2018
3/1/2018
4/1/2018
5/1/2018
6/1/2018
7/1/2018
8/1/2018
9/1/2018
10/1/2018
11/1/2018
12/1/2018
1/1/2019
2/1/2019
3/1/2019
4/1/2019
5,170,634
5,060,621
4,950,607
4,840,594
4,730,580
4,620,567
4,510,553
4,400,540
4,290,526
4,180,513
4,070,499
3,960,486
3,850,472
3,740,459
3,630,445
3,520,432
3,410,418
3,300,405
3,190,391
3,080,378
2,970,364
2,860,351
2,750,337
2,640,324
2,530,310
2,420,297
2,310,283
2,200,270
2,090,256
1,980,243
1,870,229
1,760,216
1,650,202
1,540,189
1,430,175
1,320,162
1,210,148
1,100,135
990,121
880,108
162,711
158,263
160,469
157,756
158,227
155,586
155,984
154,863
152,331
152,620
150,161
150,378
149,257
144,446
147,014
144,736
144,772
142,565
142,529
141,408
139,310
139,166
137,140
136,923
135,802
132,293
133,559
131,715
131,317
129,545
129,074
127,953
126,289
125,711
124,119
123,468
122,347
120,141
120,105
118,694
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
52,698
48,249
50,456
47,743
48,213
45,573
45,971
44,849
42,318
42,607
40,147
40,364
39,243
34,433
37,001
34,722
34,758
32,552
32,516
31,395
29,297
29,152
27,127
26,910
25,788
22,280
23,546
21,701
21,303
19,531
19,061
17,940
16,276
15,697
14,106
13,455
12,334
10,127
10,091
8,681
5,060,621
4,950,607
4,840,594
4,730,580
4,620,567
4,510,553
4,400,540
4,290,526
4,180,513
4,070,499
3,960,486
3,850,472
3,740,459
3,630,445
3,520,432
3,410,418
3,300,405
3,190,391
3,080,378
2,970,364
2,860,351
2,750,337
2,640,324
2,530,310
2,420,297
2,310,283
2,200,270
2,090,256
1,980,243
1,870,229
1,760,216
1,650,202
1,540,189
1,430,175
1,320,162
1,210,148
1,100,135
990,121
880,108
770,094
60
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
5/1/2019
6/1/2019
7/1/2019
8/1/2019
9/1/2019
10/1/2019
11/1/2019
770,094
660,081
550,067
440,054
330,040
220,027
110,013
TNG CNG
117,862
116,524
115,620
114,498
113,269
112,256
111,099
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
110,013
8,361,026
7,849
6,510
5,606
4,485
3,255
2,242
1,085
660,081
550,067
440,054
330,040
220,027
110,013
(0)
Mi thng ch u t phi tr vn gc cho s tin vay l 110,013,000 ng v s tin ny

tr trong 76 thng. Cn s li vay ch u t s tr km vi vn gc da vo d n u k ca
mi thng. Theo d kin th n 01/11/2019 ch u t s hon tr n ng hn cho ngn hng.
Qua hoch nh ngun doanh thu, chi ph v li vay theo k hoch tr n cho thy d n
hot ng hiu qu, c kh nng tr n ng hn rt cao, mang li li nhun ln cho nh u t
v cc i tc hp tc cho vay.
61
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
CHNG X: HIU QU KINH T TI CHNH CA D N

X.1. Cc gi nh kinh t v c s tnh ton
Cc thng s gi nh trn dng tnh ton hiu qu kinh t ca d n trn c s tnh
ton ca cc d n trin khai, cc vn bn, cc ti liu lin quan cung cp t Ch u t, c
th nh sau:
Thi gian hot ng ca d n : 12 nm v d tnh t qu II nm 2013 d n s i vo
hot ng;
Doanh thu hot ng ca d n c c t :
+ Hot ng chnh: Bn cc sn phm t cy dc liu.
Gi bn hng nm tng theo t l lm pht l 8%/nm
+ Hot ng ph: Bn cc loi gia sc heo, b, d t hot ng chn nui kt hp.
n gi tng theo t l lm pht 8%/nm
Chi ph ca d n:
+ Chi ph lng : Nhu cu lao ng phc v cho hot ng ca d n l 29 ngi. Mc
lng c tnh ton theo chc v. Mc tng lng hng nm l 7%/nm.
+ Chi ph BHYT, BHXH: chim 21% chi ph tim lng theo b lut lao ng Vit Nam.
+ Chi ph thc n + thuc v vacxin :
- Tnh ton da trn nhu cu cung cp thc n cho gia sc
- Hng nm, cc loi gia sc trong trang tri u c tim vacxin nhm phng nga mt
s bnh ph bin trn gia sc nh dch t, t huyt trng, ph thng hn v l mm long mng.
+ Chi ph m ging: chim khong 2% doanh thu t cy dc liu.
+ Chi ph bo tr thit b: chim 1% chi ph thit b ca d n.
+ Chi ph x l cht thi: chim 1% doanh thu ca d n.
+ Chi ph khc: chim 1% doanh thu ca d n.
Chi ph khu hao Ti sn c nh: p dng phng php khu hao theo ng thng,
thi gian khu hao s c tnh theo quyt nh s 206/2003-Q-BTC. Thi gian khu hao
TSC th hin qua bng sau:
Bng: Thi gian khu hao ti sn c nh
Hng mc
Ch ph xy dng
Chi ph thit b
Chi ph t vn, chi ph QLDA, chi ph
khc,d phng ph
Chi ph ging cy dc liu
Chi ph con ging
Chi ph trng c
Chi ph cy xi gieo trng
Nm KH
12
10
7
8
10
8
7
7
Sut sinh li vn ch s hu re = 18%

62
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Thu thu nhp doanh nghip ca d n: thu sut p dng l 25%.
X.2. Tnh ton chi ph ca d n
X.2.1. Chi ph nhn cng
i ng qun l v nhn s d kin ca d n gm 20 ngi, trong :
Qun l: 1 ngi
Chu trch nhim qun l ton b cc cng vic chung ca d n.
Trng tri gia sc: 1 ngi
Chu trch nhim qun l cc cng vic t chm sc n xut bn gia sc ca trang tri
chn nui.
Qun l vn dc liu: 1 ngi
Chu trch nhim cng tc chm sc, kinh doanh cy dc liu
Bc s th y: 1 ngi
Chu trch nhim cng tc phng nga v cha bnh cho gia sc.
Lao ng ph thng: 25 ngi
Chi ph nhn cng hng nm bao gm lng ca cn b cng nhn vin, ph cp v cc
khon chi ph BHXH,BHYT, tr cp khc Mc tng lng hng nm l 7%/nm. Chi ph
BHXH, BHYT chim 21% chi ph lng theo b lut lao ng Vit Nam.Chi ph lng nhn
vin c th hin qua bng sau:
Bng: Bng mc lng nhn vin
VT: 1,000 ng
Chc v
Nm 1
1
1
1
1
25
29
Qun l
Trng tri gia sc
Qun l vn dc liu
Bc s th y
Lao ng ph thng
Tng
Mc lng
5,000
3,500
3,500
3,500
3,000
Chi ph lng nhn vin hng nm c th hin qua bng sau:

Bng: Chi ph lng nhn vin hng nm
Nm
Mc tng lng
Qun l
Nhn vin c chuyn
mn
Bc s th y
Lao ng ph thng
TNG LNG
BHYT,BHXH (21%)
VT: 1000 ng
2,017
2,018,..
4
5,..
1.31
1.40
85,202
91,166
2,014
1
1.07
52,163
2,015
2
1.14
74,419
2,016
3
1.23
79,628
36,514
52,093
55,739
59,641
63,816
36,514
782,438
907,628
190,602
52,093
1,116,278
1,294,882
271,925
55,739
1,194,417
1,385,524
290,960
59,641
1,278,026
1,482,510
311,327
63,816
1,367,488
1,586,286
333,120
X.2.2. Chi ph hot ng

63
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Chi ph hot ng bao gm chi ph hot ng bao gm: Chi ph thc n, chi ph thuc +
vacxin, Chi ph lng nhn vin, chi ph bo him v phc li cho nhn vin, chi ph in, chi
ph in nc, chi ph bo tr thit b dng c v cc chi ph khc.
Chi ph thc n + thuc
Chi ph thc n c th hin qua bng sau:
Bng: Bng chi ph thc n v thuc
VT: 1000 ng
Hng mc
S lng thc
n kg/ngy
n gi thc
n (ng)
Thuc/con/la
(ng)
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
9
9
9
9
150
150
100
100
3
1
1.5
9
9
9
500
300
300
1
1.5
5
5
300
300
D
D ci ging
D c ging
D ci (nui 90 ngy)
D tht (nui 240 ngy)
B
B ging
B ci (nui 1 nm)
B tht (nui 18 thng)
Heo
Heo ging
Heo tht (nui 6 thng)
Hng nm, Gia sc phi c tim v phng nga cc vacxin dch t, t huyt trng, ph
thng hn v l mm long mng.
Chi ph phn bn trng cy ng dc:
Tnh ton chung cho din tch 88,010 m 2 cy dc liu, trung bnh s lng phn bn trn
1 ha cy ng dc c th hin qua bng sau:
Bng: Chi ph phn bn cy ng dc
VT: 1000 ng
Loi phn
+ Ur
+ Phn Kali
+ NPK 16
+ Phn super ln
+ Phn chung
TNG
n v
Khi
lng
kg/ha
kg/ha
kg/ha
kg/ha
kg/ha
750
350
290
625
50,000
n gi
10.4
12.0
19.3
3.2
Thnh tin
7,800
4,200
5,603
2,000
19,603
64
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Chi ph in:
Lng in tnh ton cho nhu cu sinh hot, ti tiu v thp sng cho gia sc trong trang
tri c th hin qua bng sau:
Bng: Chi ph in dng cho trang tri
Hng mc
in sinh hot
in cho ti tiu
in cho b
Tng Lng in tiu thu
Mc tng gi i n
Gi i n
S lng
2,190
33,261
1,022
36,473
2%
2,192
Lng in tiu th
0.3
Kw/ngi/ngy m
15
Kw/ha/ln ti
0.014
kw/con/ngy m
ng/kw
Gi in c tnh ton theo gi in sinh hot theo quy nh ca nh nc.

Chi ph bo him, phc li cho nhn vin: chim khong 21% chi ph
lng nhn vin.
Chi ph bo tr my mc thit b: hng nm chim 1% doanh thu hng
nm.
Chi ph khc: chim 1% doanh thu hng nm ca d n.
Chi ph x l cht thi: chim 1% doanh thu hng nm ca d n.
Chi ph hot ng ca d n c th hin qua bng sau:
Bng: Chi ph hot ng ca d n
NM
HNG MC
Chi ph lng nhn vin
Chi ph BHYT,BHXH
Chi ph in
Chi ph thc n + thuc
Chi ph phn bn cho dc
liu
Chi ph m ging
Chi ph bo tr thit b
Chi ph x l cht thi
Chi ph khc
TNG CNG
VT: 1000 ng
2013
1
907,628
190,602
116,549
427,910
2014
2
1,294,882
271,925
118,880
2,086,080
2015
3
1,385,524
290,960
121,257
2,118,867
2016
4
1,482,510
311,327
123,682
2,558,389
2017
5
1,586,286
333,120
126,156
2,746,887
186,326
201,232
217,331
234,717
253,495
50,246
20,192
25,123
25,123
1,949,699
126,209
20,192
96,310
96,310
4,312,020
130,802
20,192
99,964
99,964
4,484,862
142,307
20,192
113,712
113,712
5,100,549
145,153
20,192
114,757
114,757
5,440,803
VII.3. Tnh ton doanh thu

VII.3.1. Doanh thu t hot ng kinh doanh cy dc liu
Theo nghin cu quy trnh chm sc v thu hoch cy dc liu trn din tch gieo trng
v kho st gi c th trng hin nay, nng sut/ha cy dc liu cc loai, s v/nm v n gi
bn ra ti vn th hin qua bng sau:
65
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Bng: Nng sut v n gi bn cy dc liu
Loi cy
Ba kch
Bch ch
Bch trut
C ngt
Dip h chu
inh lng
trng
c hot
ng quy
H kh Tho
H Th
Hoi sn
Kim ngn
Kim tin tho
Ngu tt
Tht dip nht
chi hoa
Thc a
Trinh n hong
cung
X en
Xuyn khung
Din tch gieo

trng
( m2)
4,562
6,736
6,884
7,100
5,500
4,588
3,100
4,600
4,759
3,238
4,430
3,900
4,782
3,580
4,298
2,510
Nng sut
(kg)/ v/ ha
S v/
nm
1
1
1
6
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
n gi
(ngn
ng/kg)
600
45
60
55
95
85
510
250
45
180
155
35
350
35
45
1500
Thnh tin
(ngn
ng)
410,580
60,624
49,565
1,171,500
1,672,000
97,495
252,960
126,500
64,247
134,053
686,650
61,425
217,581
37,590
21,662
368,970
1,500
2,000
1,200
5,000
8,000
2,500
1,600
1,100
3,000
2,300
10,000
4,500
1,300
1,500
1,120
980
3,756
2,566
3,577
3,544
Thu hoch
Bn thn , r
2,150
4,500
2
9
40
65
64,603
675,500
R
Bn l kh
20,000
800
1
1
125
80
894,250
22,682
Thn, l
C
R
C
L
Cy
V
R
C
C
C
Hoa ,l
(Doanh thu hng nm ca t hot ng kinh doanh cy dc liu th hin chi tit trong bng
ph lc ca d n)
VII.3.2. Doanh thu t hot ng ca trang tri chn nui kt hp
Doanh thu t hot ng ca trang tri bao gm doanh thu t hot ng chn nui ly tht
cc loi gia sc d, b, heo.
Bng: trng lng v n gi bn gia sc
Loi gia sc
D
+ D ging
+ D tht
+ D thanh l
B
Trng lng
TB (kg)
n gi
(ngn ng)
n v
15
27
30
1,300
110
90
/con
/kg
/kg
66
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
+ B tht
+ B ging
+ B thanh l
Heo
+ Heo tht
+ Heo thanh l
155
180
120
13,000
70
/kg
/con
/kg
90
100
55
35
/kg
/kg
(Chi tit doanh thu t hot ng ca trang tri c th hin chi tit bng ph lc ca d n)
VII.4. Hiu qu kinh t ti chnh ca d n
VII.4.1 Bo co thu nhp
Bng: Bo co thu nhp
Nm
Doanh thu
Chi ph hot ng
Chi ph li vay
Chi ph khu hao
Chi ph thu t
Li nhun trc thu
Thu TNDN (25%)
Li nhun sau thu
2013
1
2,512,311
1,949,699
934,070
1,163,584
112,500
(1,647,542)
(1,647,542)
2014
2
9,631,044
4,312,020
864,362
1,163,584
112,500
3,178,577
794,644
2,383,933
VT: 1000 ng
2015
3
9,996,436
4,484,862
705,943
1,163,584
112,500
3,529,548
882,387
2,647,161
2016
4
11,371,196
5,100,549
549,187
1,163,584
112,500
4,445,376
1,111,344
3,334,032
2017
5
11,475,700
5,440,803
389,104
1,163,584
112,500
4,369,709
1,092,427
3,277,282
Sau thi gian tin hnh u t xy dng v i vo hot ng, d n bt u c li nhun t

nm th 2. Trong nm hot ng u tin , do tnh cht ca d n, i vi trng cy dc liu, c
mt s loi cy dc liu sau mt nm mi c th thu hoch v cho nng sut, i vi trang tri
chn nui kt hp cng tng t, sau mt nm mi bt u c li nhun. T nm 2 tr i, d n
bt u i vo hot ng n nh v cho li nhun tng dn.
Tng doanh thu ca d n: 155,113,733,000 ng
Li nhun trc thu: 60,610,914,000 ng.
Thu TNDN: 15,564,621 ,000 ng.
Li nhun sau thu: 45,046,320,000 ng.
67
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
VII.4.2 Bo co ngn lu
Phn tch hiu qu d n u t hot ng trong 12 nm, vi:
Chi ph s dng vn re = 18%
Li sut vay vn ngn hng rd = 12%
Sut chit khu WACC = 16.5 % c tnh theo gi tr trung bnh c trng s chi ph s
dng vn cc ngun vn.
Bng: bo co ngn lu d n
Nm
NGN LU VO
Doanh thu
Thay i khon phi
thu
Thanh l vt nui
Tng ngn lu vo
NGN LU RA
Chi ph u t ban u
Chi ph hot ng
Chi ph thu t
Thay i khon phi
tr
Thay i s d tin
m t
Tng ngn lu ra
Ngn lu rng trc
thu
Thu TNDN
Ngn lu rng sau
thu
H s chit khu
Hin gi ngn lu rng
Hin gi tch lu
2012
0
2013
1
2014
2
2015
3
VT: 1000 ng
2016
2017,..
4
5,..
2,512,311
9,631,044
9,996,436
11,371,196
11,475,700
(251,231)
(711,873)
(36,539)
(137,476)
(10,450)
2,261,080
8,919,170
9,959,897
11,233,720
11,465,249
3,307,361
8,054,972
1,949,699
112,500
4,312,020
112,500
4,484,862
112,500
5,100,549
112,500
5,440,803
112,500
(194,970)
(236,232)
(17,284)
(61,569)
(34,025)
125,616
355,937
18,270
68,738
5,225
3,307,361
10,047,817
4,544,225
4,598,347
5,220,218
5,524,502
(3,307,361)
(7,786,737)
4,374,946
5,361,550
6,013,502
5,940,747
794,644
882,387
1,111,344
1,092,427
(3,307,361)
(7,786,737)
3,580,301
4,479,163
4,902,158
4,848,320
1.00
(3,307,361)
(3,307,361)
0.86
(6,686,309)
(9,993,670)
0.74
2,639,863
(7,353,806)
0.63
2,835,892
(4,517,914)
0.54
2,665,085
(1,852,829)
0.47
2,263,320
410,491
68
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
Bng: Cc ch tiu nh gi hiu qu ca d n

TT
Ch tiu
Tng mc u t
11,362,333,000 ng
Gi tr hin ti thun NPV
12,428,147,000 ng
T sut hon vn ni b IRR (%)
Thi gian hon vn

nh gi
36.98 %
4 nm 10 thng
Hiu qu
Vng i hot ng ca d n l 12 nm t nm 2013 n 2024 (khng tnh nm xy

dng), thanh l ti sn vo nm 2025.
Dng tin thu vo bao gm: tng doanh thu hng nm; gi tr thanh l ti sn, chnh lch
khon phi thu
Dng tin chi ra gm: cc khon chi u t ban u nh xy lp, chi ph thu t; mua
sm MMTB; chi ph hot ng hng nm (khng bao gm chi ph khu hao); chnh lch khon
phi tr v chnh lch qu mt, tin thu np cho ngn sch Nh Nc.
Da vo kt qu ngn lu vo v ngn lu ra, ta tnh c cc ch s ti chnh, v kt qu
cho thy:
Hin gi thu nhp thun ca d n l :NPV = 12,428,147,000 ng >0
Sut sinh li ni ti l: IRR = 36.98 %> WACC
Thi gian hon vn tnh l 4 nm 10 thng (khng bao gm thi gian xy dng)
D n c sut sinh li ni b v hiu qu u t kh cao.

Qua qu trnh hoch nh, phn tch v tnh ton cc ch s ti chnh trn cho thy d n
mang li li nhun cao cho ch u t, sut sinh li ni b cng cao hn s k vng ca nh u
t, v kh nng thu hi vn nhanh.
VII.5. nh gi hiu qu kinh t - x hi ca d n
D n Trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc c nhiu tc ng tch cc n
s pht trin kinh t x hi. ng gp vo s tng trng ca nn kinh t quc dn ni chung v
ca khu vc ni ring. Nh nc v a phng c ngun thu ngn sch t thu, to ra cng n
vic lm cho lao ng a phng, to thu nhp cho ch u t v nim tin vo kh nng thanh
ton n vay cho ngn hng.
D n mang li thu nhp cho ch u t, phc v tt cho cng tc cung cp ngun dc
liu lm thuc cha bnh cho ngi dn v bo v sc khe cng ng.
Bn cnh , Trng cy dc liu theo tiu chun cn lm gia tng gi tr cho cy dc
liu, gp phn bo tn cc cy thuc qu him, trnh khai thc tn dit v bo v mi trng.
69
D N TRNG CY DC LIU
CHNG XI: KT LUN V KIN NGH

XI.1. Kt lun
D n Trng cy dc liu kt hp chn nui th gia sc khng nhng mang li hiu qu
kinh t cho Cng ty Dophuco m y cn l d n nm trong chin lc chung tay cng cng
ng gii quyt cc vn x hi nh vn to vic lm, tng thu nhp cho ngi nng dn,
hn ch ti a tnh trng khai thc dc liu ba bi ng thi gp phn ln ting bo v mi
trng vi cc m hnh trng dc liu sch.
Ring v mt ti chnh c nh gi rt kh thi thng qua k hoch vay vn s dng vn,
chi ph u t, chi ph hot ng v ngun doanh thu c cn c da vo phn tch iu kin kinh
t tnh hnh th trng trong nc.
XI.2. Kin ngh
Cn c kt qu nghin cu v phn tch, trng v sn xut dc liu, chn nui gia sc l
mt ngh c hiu qu kinh t cao, gp phn to vic lm, tng thu nhp, nng cao i sng cho
nng dn. Bn cnh , d n nhm kch thch v thu ht ngi tiu dng s dng sn phm tht
v sa ti c ngun gc t nhin chm sc sc khe con ngi. Do vy chng ti xin c
kin ngh mt s kin sau:
+ To iu kin thun li giao t, thu t theo quy nh ca php lut v t ai, c
u i cao nht v thu tin s dng t v thi gian s dng t to c hi cho n b c thc
n th mt cch ch ng v cht lng. V yu t t ai cn l nhn t quan trng quyt nh
n nng sut tht cng nh sa ca n b, cng l ng lc thc y n b pht trin.
+ Cc c quan cn hng dn r nhng qui nh php lut, trnh t, th tc cp pht, thanh
quyt ton ngun kinh ph h tr nhm to iu kin cho d n c trin khai trong thi gian
sm nht.
+ u i v kinh ph vay vn, con ging v ngun tiu th sn phm vi gi thnh hp l.
Bn cnh , Nh nc h tr chnh sch bo him sn xut vt nui khc phc ri ro v thin
tai, dch bnh, gi c.
D n ny c lin quan mt thit n s pht trin ca Cng ty TNHH Dophuco chng ti,
knh ngh cc cp c thm quyn sm xem xt ph duyt d n chng ti tin hnh trin
khai cc bc tip theo.
Ha Bnh, ngy thng nm 2012
CH U T
CNG TY TNHH DOPHUCO
NGUYN PHI PHONG
70

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CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

Ty Ninh - Thng 10 nm 2013

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

Ty Ninh - Thng 10 nm 2013

VI.4. Gii php k thut.............................................................................................38

CHNG I: GII THIU CH U T V D N

Cc tiu chun p dng

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

CHNG II: BI CNH V CN C CA D N

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

Hnh: V tr tnh Ha Bnh

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

CHNG III: A IM XY DNG

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

CHNG IV: QUY M D N TIN THC HIN

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

CHNG V: GII PHP THC HIN D N

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

Cha c th suy nhc,

Cha lit dng, di tinh,

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

Dng sng: tr c hng

Cha suy nhc c th,

Tiu c, h nhit, cha

Cha st, rn c cn, ho

Cha si thn, si ti mt,

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

Thuc b thn, gn ct,

B mu, tr thn kinh suy

Cha phong thp, thn

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

Cha sng v, lao hch,

Rhizoma Ligustici Tinh du,

iu kinh, cha nhc u,

Cha suy gan, vim gan do

V.1.2. Quy trnh thc hin

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

CHNG VI: GII PHP THIT K MT BNG V H

VI.2. Thit k khu sn xut dc liu

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

Kho cha dc liu

X l nc thi v cht thi:

Hnh: Thit k chung b

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

Hnh: Thit k chung d

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

Hnh: Thit k chung ln

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

CHNG VII: NH GI TC NG MI TRNG

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

CHNG VIII: TNG MC U T D N

--------------------------------------------------------------------------n v t vn: Cng ty CP T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

Khi ton chi ph my mc thit b

My nghin dc liu cng sut

My thi dc liu ( kch thc 35 cm) thi lt c qu ti, cng

Theo quyt nh s 957/Q-BXD cng b nh mc chi ph qun l d n v t vn u

Chi ph t vn u t xy dng =243,475,000 ng.

Chi ph bo him xy dng = GXL x 1.500 % = 73,432,000 ng.

Chi ph kim ton= (GXL +GTB) x 0.458 % = 31,697,000 ng.