Trng i hc Bch Khoa i hc quc gia TP HCM

Khoa in-in T-B Mn in T

--------------

BAO CAO BI TP DI
MN: IN T NG DNG

TI 23
GVHD: Thy Lu Ph
SVTH: Nguyn Huy Trung
Nguyn Vn Ton
Nguyn Ngc Hong
Nhm 20

Tp.HCM,21/05/2015

Phn 1: Cm bin (D203B)

1. Gii thiu v cm bin hng ngoi th ng (PIR)

- PIR sensor l b cm bin th ng dng ngun kch thch l tia hng ngoi. Tia hng
ngoi (IR) chnh l cc tia nhit pht ra t cc vt th nng. Trong cc c th sng, trong
chng ta lun c thn nhit (thng thng l 37 C), v t c th chng ta s lun
pht ra cc tia nhit, hay cn gi l cc tia hng ngoi, ngi ta s dng mt t bo in
chuyn i tia nhit ra dng tn hiu in v nh m c th lm ra cm bin pht
hin cc vt th nng ang chuyn ng. Cm bin ny gi l th ng v n khng dng
ngun nhit t pht (lm ngun tch cc, hay ch ng) m ch ph thuc vo cc ngun
tha nhit, l thn nhit ca cc thc th khc, nh con ngi con vt...
-Cu trc cm bin PIR

a) Cm bin PIR D203B

2. Nguyn l lm vic:

b) Thu knh Fresnel (tng nhy)

Cc ngun nhit (vi ngi v con vt l ngun thn nhit) u pht ra tia hng ngoi,
qua knh Fresnel, qua kch lc ly tia hng ngoi, n c cho tiu t trn 2 cm bin hng ngoi
gn trong u d, v to ra in p c khuch i vi FET. Khi c mt ngun nhit i ngang
qua, t 2 cm bin ny s cho xut hin 2 tn hiu lm cho FET hot ng v xut ra xung.
tng khong cch d tn hiu, ta s dng mch khuch i c bin cao v a vo mch
so p tc ng vo mt thit b iu khin.
Da vo s khuch i trong Datasheet ca DB203 ta c s :

3. Phn tch cc khi trong s mch:

a) Khi khuch i 1:

V tn hiu ra ca cm bin PIR c tn s thp. Nn ta c mch khuch i v kt hp vi b lc

thng di lc nhiu khng cn thit. Tn s ct: flow1=1/(2R4C4)=1.6 Hz; fhigh1=1/(2R3C3)=16
Hz. li: Gain1=1+R3/R4=101
b) Khi khuch i 2

Tng t nh phn a, mch c chc nng khuch i v lc nhiu: Tn s ct: flow1=1/

(2R5C5)=1.6 Hz ; fhigh1=1/(2R8C8)=16 Hz ; li: Gain1=R8/R5=100

c) Khi so snh :

Sau khi khuch i tn hiu, tn hiu s snh vi ngng v xut ra mc logic a vo MCU
x l.

Phn2: iu khin ng m ca t ng
1. Gii thiu vi iu khin AT89C51
8051 l vi iu khin u tin ca h vi iu khin MCS51 c Intel sn xut vo nm 1980. H
MCS51 l h 8-bit c kh nng nh a ch 64KB b nh chng trnh v 64KB b nh d liu.
Mt s chip 8051 thng dng:

2.

Kin trc phn cng:

3. Cu hnh chn:

- VCC: in p cung cp.

- GND: c ni t.
- RST : ng vo RESET, chn RESET mc cao trong 2 chu k my khi b dao ng ang chy
s RESET chip.
- PSEN (Program Store ENable): c ni vi chn OE ca chip d liu bn ngoi,
- ALE : (ALE : Adress Latch Enable) l tn hiu iu khin xut ra ca 8051, n cho php phn
knh gia bus a ch v bus d liu trn PORT0.
- EA : (External Access): chn b nh giao tip. EA=1: chn b nh ni, EA=0: chn b nh
ngoi.
Cu hnh chn b nh ngoi:

- PORT 0:
Port 0 l mt cng 8 bit I/O 2 chiu, Khi mc logic 1 c vit vo cc PIN ca PORT 0, Pin
c th c s dng l cng vo tr khng cao.
Port 0 cng c th c cu hnh thnh bus ghp knh 8 bit a ch/d liu thp trong qu trnh
truy nhp b nh ngoi, ch ny cc PIN ca PORT 0 s c ko ln bn trong.
Ngoi ra PORT 0 cng c s dng np d liu cho chip.
- PORT 1:
Port 1 l cng I/O 2 chiu c tr treo bn trong. Khi mc logic 1 c vit vo PIN ca PORT 1,
PIN c ko ln bi 1 tr treo bn trong, v c th c s dng l cng vo.
Ngoi ra cc PIN P1.0 v P1.1 c th c cu hnh l u vo ca b Timer 2 (AT89S52,
AT89C52). Cc pin P1.5, P1.6, P1.7 (AT89S51, AT89S52) ln lt l cc PIN MOSI, MISO,
SCK khi s dng np cho chip qua ISP (In- System Programing).
- PORT 2 :
Port 2 l cng I/O 2 chiu c tr treo bn trong. Khi mc logic 1 c vit vo PIN ca PORT 2,
PIN c ko ln bi 1 tr treo bn trong, v c th c s dng l cng vo.
Port 2 cng c th c cu hnh thnh bus ghp knh 8 bit a ch cao trong qu trnh truy nhp
b nh ngoi vi 16 bit a ch.
- PORT 3 :
Port 3 l cng I/O 2 chiu c tr treo bn trong. Khi mc logic 1 c vit vo PIN ca PORT 3,
PIN c ko ln bi 1 tr treo bn trong, v c th c s dng l cng vo.

Ngoi ra cc Pin ca PORT 3 cng c thm cc chc nng c bit khc:

I.

ENCODER.
ng c s dng Encoder tng i l loi c s dng rng ri nht hin nay.

Khi Encoder s c 2 phn l:

a quay: cu to gm N rnh hoc l (hay phn gii ca Encoder)
Cc cp thu pht hng ngoi.

Khi ng c quay khi Encoder s xut ra 2 tn hiu dng xung A v B cng tn s, lch pha 90
(do s b tr lch nhau ca 2 cp thu pht hng ngoi). Vi 2 tn hiu A, B ny mnh s xc
nh c tc v chiu quay ca ng c ti 1 thi im.
-Nguyn l o tc ng c:
Khi tia hng ngoi t Led pht i qua 1 rnh trn a Encoder n Led thu th trn knh A (B) s
to ra 1 xung vung, nh vy khi a quay quay c 1 vng th trn knh A (B)s c N xung.
Gi tc ng c l V(vng/s), s xung Encoder m c trong 1s l n, ta c cng thc tnh
tc ng c:
V=n/N (vng/s)

Cch xc nh chiu quay ca ng c :

Nh trn ni, khi Encoder xut ra 2 xung A,B lch pha 90 , t c im ny, khi ng c
ang 1 v tr bt k mnh s xc nh c chiu quay ca ng c:

Quay thun: Knh B trng thi mc cao khi knh A c cnh xung.
Quay nghch: Knh B trng thi mc thp khi knh A c cnh xung.
(trong bi ton ca mnh khng c ci ny).
Tm li, o c tc ng c, bn ch cn m c trong 1s Encoder xut ra bao nhiu
xung hay ni cch khc chng ta quy v bi ton o tn s xung vung trn knh A (hoc knh B)

ca Encoder.
II.

IC L298.
IC L298 l mt IC tch hp nguyn khi gm 2 mch cu H bn trong. Vi in p lm tng cng
sut u ra t 5V 47V , dng ln n 4A, L298 rt thch hp trong nhng ng dng cng sut
nh nh ng c DC loi va

Mnh tm tt qua chc nng cc chn ca L298:

- 4 chn INPUT: IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4 c ni ln lt vi cc chn 5, 7, 10, 12 ca L298. y l
cc chn nhn tn hiu iu khin.
- 4 chn OUTPUT: OUT1, OUT2, OUT3, OUT4 (tng ng vi cc chn INPUT) c ni vi
cc chn 2, 3, 13, 14 ca L298. Cc chn ny s c ni vi ng c.
- Hai chn ENA v ENB dung iu khin cc mch cu H trong L298. Nu mc logic 1
(ni vi ngun 5V) th cho php mch cu H hot ng, nu mc logic 0 th mch cu H
khng hot ng.
Vi bi ton ca em trn, cc bn ch cn lu n cch iu khin chiu quay vi L298:
-Khi ENA = 0: ng c khng quay vi mi u vo .
-Khi ENA = 1:
INT1 = 1; INT2 = 0: ng c quay thun.
INT1 = 0; INT2 = 1: ng c quay nghch.
INT1 = INT2: ng c dng ngay tc th.
(tng t vi cc chn ENB, INT3, INT4).
Trong bi ton ny em s dng module L298 V1 iu khin chiu quay ca ng c DC.
S nguyn l:

III.S gii thut.

Lu cm bin

Cm bin ngi

M ca

SV >5

Dng ng
S
Cm bin ngi

PWM

S
Delay

ng ca
SV=0

SV>5

S
Dng ng

PWM

Lu PWM
Dem=0
TH0=TL0=0x9b
TH1=0x9b

TF0=1

S
Dem++

Dem<=ptram_xung

PWM=1

PWM=0

iu
khin
ng c
S

TF1=1

Ptram_xung=ptram_xun
g-20

Phn 3. Thit k mch ngun n p xung

Input: 220VAC
Output1: 5VDC/0.5A: cp cho cm bin hng ngoi, opam, mch iu khin.
Output2: 24V/3A: cp cho ng IC L298 iu khin ng c.
Bi ton thit k
Dng bin p a 220V/50Hz v 2 ngun 5VAC+/-20% v ngun 12VAC+-/20%

11
1.Thit k ngun xung 5VDC/0.5A.
Vin1(min)=5*0.8*1.41-0.7*2=4.24V
Vin1(max)=5*1.2*1.41-0.7*2=7.06V

Pout=5*0.5=2.5W
Ta chn mch flyback s dng IC MAX641
Gii thiu v ICMAX641/642/643
(Xem them datasheet MAX641-MAX643_s dng
vi cng sut ng ra t 0.5mW-10W).

S mch

Chn diode cng sut. Khi diode D3 tt BVR=5V.

Ta chn D3 l diode 1N5817

Cng sut ghp vo cun s cp, b qua mt mt trn Q1 ( in tr Ron)

Pt=Pout+VF*Iout=2.5+0.45*0.5=2.725W
Chn tn s giao hon ca Q1 l fo=50KHz, chu k nhim v t on=50%

Vi fo=50KHz v Vin1(min)=4.24V. in cm cun s cp

Vi Vin1(max)=7.06V. Dng nh qua cun s cp

Ta chn Q1 IFR540

T hnh 3.26 li c kch thc 18x11 v

Ta chn

Tm c s vng dy cun s cp:

T s p vo/p ra:

Chn N1/N2=1.2
Suy ra s vng th cp N2=3

Theo bng 3.5 ng vi li 18x11 ta chn cun dy 2 ngn A W=0.084cm2

Tm T: t s vng dy/cm2 . Chn

T bng 3.6 ta chn dy #16 c s vng/cm 2 =51.2

Bng 3.6 cho dy #18 c in tr 4.020ohm/1000feet. Chiu di trung bnh 1 vng
vi li 18x11 l 0.121 feet theo bng 3.5.
Rscap=NIW.rw=3.6*0.121*0.00402=0.00175ohm
Vi dng nh Ipk=4.281A, cng sut mt mt trung bnh:
(Ipk2*Rscap)/3=10.7mW#0.4% cng sut ghp vo cun s cp.
Vi phn th cp N2=4.4 suy ra
T bng 3.6 ta chn dy #17 c s vng/cm 2=63.6
Tng t ta tnh c: Rthucap=3*0.121*0.005054=0.00183ohm
Vi ng nh Ipk*1.2=4.281*1.2=5.1372A, cng sut mt mt trung bnh
(5.13722*0.00183)/3=16.1mW#0.6% cng sut p trn cun s cp.

Chn C5=470uF@50V, C7=330p(lc nhiu, p ng nhanh)

Ng ra c iu chnh bi R1 v R2 vi R2=10K-10M v thng l hng trm KOhm

2.Thit k ngun xung 24VDC/3A

Vin2(min)=12*0.8*1.41-2*0.7=12.136V, Vin2(max)=12*1.2*1.41-2*0.7=18.904
Ta chn mch boost s dng IC UC3844. S mch boost chi tit s dng UC3844

2.1. Thit k cun dy, chn diode cng sut D1, Mosfet cng sut Q1 trong ngun
boost
Chn tn s giao hon ca Q1 l fo=50KHz, ton=50%

Khi Diode D1 tt BVR =24V.

T bng 3.3 ta chn D1 l 1N5824 c Imax=5A, VF=0.37V, BVR=30V.

Gi s b qua mt mt trong cun dy, mosfet Q1(R on nh khng ng k)

Vi Vin2(min)=12.136V

Vi Vin2(max)=18.904V

T bng 3.4 ta chn Q1 l IFR640 c Ron=0.18ohm, Imax=10A, BVRmax

200V
Chn cun dy

T hnh 3.26 chonj kch thc li 22x13 c AL<200. Ta chn AL=175

S vng dy qun
T bng 3.5 tng ng vi kch thc li 22x13 ta chn A W cho cun dy c 2 ngn
l 0.138cm2.
Tm
T bng 3.6 chn dy #19 c s vng/cm2=98.4.

Bng 3.6 cng cho dy #19 c in tr 8.046ohm/feet. Chiu di trung bnh 1 vng
vi li 22x13 l 0.145. Suy ra Rcuonday=13.11*0.145*0.008046=0.0153ohm.
Vi Ipk=6.28A, cng sut mt mt trung bnh: (6.282*0.0153)/3=0.201W#0.28%
cng sut ng ra.
2.2 Ghp vi IC UC3844

B dao ng.

Tn s dao ng ph thuc vo R T v CT
Vi thi gian cht l 50%

Da vo hnh b ta chn CT=10nF v fosc=50KHz

Da vo hnh a ta chn RT=3.5k

B khuch i sai lch

m bo khng c xung sut hin ng ra (6) khi chn 1

mc thp thng qua in tr hi tip R f. iu ny
xy ra khi ngun hot ng khng ti hoc bt u
khi ng.
in tr hi tip p ti thiu cho b khuch i sai lch gii hn bi dng cp ng ra
yu cu t mc ghim 1,0V ca b so snh.
Rf(min)=(3*1V+1.4V)/0.5mA=8.8K

B so snh nhy dng v cht PWM.

Dng nh cun dy trong iu kin hot ng bnh thng c kim sot bi in

p chn1. V ngng b so snh nhy dng c ngim bn trong l 1V,cho nn
dng nh ti a l.

Cc t chn Cf=100pF: lc nhiu hi tip, Co=470uF gi in p ng ra ti khng

i. Ci: lc nhiu ng vo.
D7,C7,R7 trit subner bo v qu p trn mosfet.

Ti Liu Tham Kho.

0/ Gio Trnh in T ng Dng_Lu Ph
1/http://mcu.banlinhkien.vn
2/ http://www.phuclanshop.com/TraoDoiHocTap-ChiTiet.aspx?
NewsId=109
3/ http://signal.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/Theses/EminBireySoyer.pdf