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Cracked, Effective Inertia
Cracked, Effective Inertia
Beam deflection
Lateral drift
Vibration
We will be focusing our discussion on beam deflection. The ACI 318-02 Code
dictates that the deflections be checked on the basis of effective moment of
inertia, Ie, under service loads. Before we can determine the value of the
effective moment of inertia, we must first have an understanding of the gross
moment of inertia, Ig, and the cracked moment of inertia, Icr.
Gross Moment of Inertia Ig:
The gross moment of inertia is not appropriate for reinforced concrete
beams because the concrete under the neutral axis is in tension and is
ineffective. Since tension is carried by the steel rebar, the beam becomes
composite and therefore must be analyzed as such (See AECT 360
lecture notes). The calculated value of gross moment of inertia is higher
than what is actually present.
b
bh 3
12
Lecture 13 - Page 1 of 7
y
N.A.
nAs
Icr =
by 3
+ nAs (d y ) 2
3
bd
nAs 1 + 2
1
nAs
y=
b
Lecture 13 - Page 2 of 7
M
Ie = cr
M a
3
M
I g + 1 cr
M a
I cr I g
h
2
Lecture 13 - Page 3 of 7
Example 1
GIVEN: A simply-supported rectangular beam is shown below. The loads
indicated are SERVICE loads. Use concrete fc = 4000 PSI and grade 60 bars.
REQUIRED:
1) Determine the gross moment of inertia Ig of the beam.
2) Determine the cracked moment of inertia Icr of the beam.
3) Determine the maximum allowable mid-span deflection of the beam
L
assuming allow =
.
360
4) Determine the actual mid-span deflection of the beam using Ie.
25-0
12
2 - #4 hanger
bars
20
#3 stirrup bars
@ 9 o.c.
concrete cover
3 - #8 main bars
Section A-A
Lecture 13 - Page 4 of 7
Ig =
bh 3
12
(12" )(20) 3
12
Ig =8000 in4
Step 2 Determine cracked moment of inertia Icr:
Icr =
by 3
+ nAs (d y ) 2
3
Where: n = Modular ratio
E
29,000,000 PSI
29,000,000 PSI
=
= steel =
E conc
57,000 f ' c
57,000 4000 PSI
= 8.04
As = Area of steel rebar in tension, in2
= 3 bars(0.79 in2 per #8 bar)
= 2.37 in2
bd
nAs 1 + 2
1
nAs
y=
b
(12" )(18.375" )
(8.04)(2.37in 2 ) 1 + 2
1
(8.04)(2.37in 2 )
=
12"
= 6.2
Lecture 13 - Page 5 of 7
Icr =
by 3
+ nAs (d y ) 2
3
(12" )(6.2" ) 3
+ 8.04(2.37in 2 )(18.375"6.2" ) 2
3
allow =
L
360
(25'0" )12" / ft
360
allow = 0.83
Step 4 - Determine the effective moment of inertia Ie:
fr = modulus of rupture for the concrete
= 7.5 f ' c
= 7.5 4000 PSI
= 474.3 PSI
Mcr = moment that would initially crack the section
fr I g
=
yt
=
= 379,473 Lb-In
= 379.4 KIP-In
= 31.6 KIP-FT
Lecture 13 - Page 6 of 7
wL2
8
(1.5KLF )(25'0" ) 2
8
Ma = 117.2 KIP-FT
M
Ie = cr
M a
3
M
I g + 1 cr
M a
I cr
31.6k ft 3
31.6k ft 3
4
4
in
in
+
(
8000
)
1
(
3778
)
Ig
117.2k ft
117.2k ft
Ie = 3861 in4
Step 5 Determine actual mid-span deflection using Ie:
act =
5wL4
384 E conc I e
1500 PLF
4
5
(25'0" x12" / ft )
12
=
384(57000 4000 PSI )(3861in 4 )
act = 0.95
Since act = 0.95 > allow = 0.83 member is NOT acceptable
Lecture 13 - Page 7 of 7