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Sach HDSD Civil 3D New
Sach HDSD Civil 3D New
Page 1
MC LC
MC LC
LI NI U LM MI ..................................................................................................................................6
CHNG 1. TNG QUAN AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D ...............................................................................................7
GII THIU CHUNG V AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D ................................................................................................................. 7
What's New ................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Source Code Samples ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Programming Tools and Setup ................................................................................................................................... 7
Documentation .......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Support ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Training ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9
NG DNG ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
GII THIU GIAO DIN LM VIC ..................................................................................................................... 10
MT S THAO TC C BN KHI LM VIC VI AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D 2009 ......................................................... 11
D LIU CA AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D 2009................................................................................................................... 12
Mt s nh dng file d liu dng trong Autocad Civil 3D. ....................................................................... 12
THIT LP BAN U MT BN V .................................................................................................................... 13
CHNG 2. BI TON V D TRONG THIT K NG .................................................................................14
LI NI U ..................................................................................................................................................... 14
M BN V MU ............................................................................................................................................. 14
NHP IM ...................................................................................................................................................... 16
TO MT THIT K ........................................................................................................................................... 17
THIT K TUYN ............................................................................................................................................... 21
THIT K TRC DC .......................................................................................................................................... 24
Xut trc dc t nhin................................................................................................................................. 24
Thit k trc dc .......................................................................................................................................... 25
MT BNG TUYN CORRIDOR ....................................................................................................................... 29
Thit k Assembly........................................................................................................................................ 29
To m hnh tuyn ...................................................................................................................................... 33
To cc mt sau thit k ............................................................................................................................. 36
Kim tra s b khi lng ........................................................................................................................... 38
NG NG PIPE ......................................................................................................................................... 38
XUT MT CT NGANG .................................................................................................................................... 40
Xut mt ct ngang .................................................................................................................................... 40
Xut bng khi lng theo mt ct ............................................................................................................ 43
CHNG 3: SURVEY CC VN LIN QUAN N KHO ST ....................................................................47
TNG QUAN V MENU SURVEY ................................................................................................................................ 47
THIT LP D LIU ........................................................................................................................................... 48
To mi d n ............................................................................................................................................. 48
Thit lp thng s ca my o v cc d liu hnh hc .............................................................................. 48
Thng s ca my o ............................................................................................................................................... 48
c tnh d liu hnh hc ......................................................................................................................................... 49
Page 2
MC LC
T MI: ............................................................................................................................................................. 61
ANALYZING AND REDUCING SURVEY DATA................................................................................................................. 63
Querying Survey Data ................................................................................................................................. 64
Performing Traverse Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 66
NGN NG LNH TT DNG TRONG FILE *.FBK .......................................................................................................... 68
Point Creation Commands .......................................................................................................................... 68
Point Location Commands .......................................................................................................................... 71
Point Editing Commands ............................................................................................................................. 73
Figure Commands ....................................................................................................................................... 74
Intersection Commands .............................................................................................................................. 77
Equipment Correction Commands .............................................................................................................. 78
Baseline Commands .................................................................................................................................... 80
Centerline Commands ................................................................................................................................. 80
AutoCAD Related Commands ...................................................................................................................... 81
Miscellaneous Commands........................................................................................................................... 82
GII THCH MT S FILE C XUT SAU KHI BNH SAI ................................................................................................. 82
File: fv1.trv .................................................................................................................................................. 82
1.lso ............................................................................................................................................................. 83
Ba1.trv ......................................................................................................................................................... 83
CHNG 4: POINT .........................................................................................................................................85
TM HIU I TNG POINT ................................................................................................................................... 85
DESCRIPTION KEYS ................................................................................................................................................ 85
Tm hiu Description keys............................................................................................................................ 85
To nhm im ........................................................................................................................................... 86
Nhp im vo bn v - Point ..................................................................................................................... 87
Transfer point: Chuyn i nh dng file d liu im .............................................................................. 91
Xem xet mt s nh dng file d liu im c sn: ................................................................................... 91
CHNG 5: SURFACE - B MT .....................................................................................................................93
Cc kiu b mt ........................................................................................................................................... 93
To mt mt kiu Tin surfaces .................................................................................................................... 94
To mi mt mt ..................................................................................................................................................... 94
Hng dng chy-Water Drop ................................................................................................................................. 95
Xy dng b mt t DEM File .................................................................................................................................. 96
iu c v cha c:............................................................................................................................ 97
CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT ...............................................................................................................................99
Qu trnh to Alignments ............................................................................................................................ 99
To Alignment bng Alignment Layout Tools ........................................................................................... 100
To on cong trn cng vi phn chuyn tip t mt on Alignment thng - To add a floating curve with a
spiral (from entity, radius, length) off a line. ......................................................................................................... 102
Page 3
MC LC
CHNG 7: PROFILE TRC DC ................................................................................................................ 121
Ty bin hin th trc dc .......................................................................................................................... 121
V d hiu chnh mt trc dc ................................................................................................................... 122
Hiu chnh li ....................................................................................................................................................... 123
Hiu chnh li trc dc t nhin ............................................................................................................................. 129
Hiu chnh ng : ............................................................................................................................................ 129
Hiu chnh cc thanh d liu trc dc .................................................................................................................... 130
Ch : ........................................................................................................................................................ 153
THIT K MNG NG NG PIPE NETWORK ........................................................................................................ 154
Cc bc thit k Pipe network: ............................................................................................................... 154
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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MC LC
STEP 1: THIT K M PHNG NT GIAO BNG CC NG POLYLINES .......................................................................... 170
SEP 2: TO CC NG ALIGNMENTS C TRNG T CC NG POLYLINES............................................................... 171
STEP 3: THIT K NG CA TRC NG CHNH .............................................................................................. 172
STEP 4: THIT K NG CA TRC NG NHNH ............................................................................................ 172
Thit k mt ct ngang v to m hnh b mt cho ung chnh. ........................................................... 172
Thit k ng cho ng nhnh ....................................................................................................... 176
STEP 5: THIT K NG CHO CC NG GII HN NGOI CA NT GIAO .............................................................. 178
Xy dng m hnh mt bng ph cho ng nhnh ................................................................................ 178
Thit k ng cho ng gii hn ngoi ca nt giao. .................................................................... 180
STEP 6: LY CAO CHO NG BELLMOUTH......................................................................................................... 181
STEP 7: XY DNG CC MT CT TIU BIU CHO NT GIAO. ........................................................................................ 182
STEP 8: TO CORRIDOR TI NT GIAO .................................................................................................................... 185
STEP 9: HON THNH M HNH NT GIAO............................................................................................................... 195
CHNG 13: GRADING THIT K M HNH SAN LP & TNH TON KHI LNG SAN LP. ..................... 200
HIU MT S VN KHI LM VIC ........................................................................................................................ 200
Cc hp thoi: ........................................................................................................................................... 200
Create Feature lines ............................................................................................................................................... 200
Assign Elevations .................................................................................................................................................... 200
Weeding Factors .................................................................................................................................................... 201
Site Properties: ....................................................................................................................................................... 202
Thanh cng c Grading Creation Tools .................................................................................................................. 202
Page 5
LI NI U
LI NI U Lm mi
Ngy 25 12 2007, chnh thc bt u nghin cu tip phn mm AutoCAD
Civil 3D 2009. Vi mong mun trc thng 4-2009 ti s a ra mt ti liu hng
dn s dng phn mm AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009 y , a ra mt la chn mi,
mt gii php cho cc d n c s h tng.
y xin gi ln trc mt phn nh mi ngi quan tm tham kho v ng
gp kin, bn tho ny cn kh ln nhn mong mi ngi thng cm.
i vi nhng ngi bt u lm quen vi AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009, hy tm hiu
phn 1& 2 trc sau ty vo nhu cu ca mnh m c th tm hiu lun mt phn
bt k m khng phi theo th t no c.
Mi ng gp xin lin h:
PHM CNG THNH
Cty TNHH Cng ngh Hi Ha P904, 185 Ging V
Mobile: 0912944028
Email: vqtvnndh.pct@gmail.com & thinh_pc@harmonytech.com.vn
Page 6
Page 7
Support
Public discussion groups provide an open forum for sharing knowledge and
receiving support. Join the AutoCAD Civil 3D General Discussion Group or the
AutoCAD Civil 3D Customization Discussion Group.
Because AutoCAD Civil 3D software is based on AutoCAD software, you might
also find useful software development information in the following AutoCAD
Development Discussion Groups:
Visual LISP, AutoLISP, and General Customization Issues?
VB/VBA/ActiveX CustomizationVB/VBA/ActiveX Customization
ObjectARX Customization
If you would like personalized API support and consulting at your facility, send us
an e-mail. If you need more professional support, consider joining the Autodesk
Developer Network.
Page 8
NG DNG
AutoCAD Civil 3D c ng dng rt rng tu vo ngi s dng n, c bit c
s dng ph bin cho thit k quy hoch, cc cng trnh dng tuyn nh:
-
Thit k ng ngoi th
ng cao tc
ng th
Thit k nng cp
Thit k knh, , p
Thit k h thng ng dn
Page 9
3
4
1
5
2
Giao din ca Autodesk Civil 3D cng rt trc quan, c nn ca AutoCad v cc
thanh cng c h tr gip ngi dng thao tc cc tc v mt cch nhanh chng nht.
Cc thnh phn c bn trong giao din s dng Autodesk Civil 3D l:
1. Toolspace: Dng qun l cc i tng, bao gm 2 th:
Prospector qun l tp hp cc i tng v Settings qun l
v hiu chnh thuc tnh ca i tng.
2. Item view: Hin th danh sch vi ni dung ca cc i tng khi
c la chn trong Toolspace.
3. Standardized menus: Bao gm cc menu cha cc nhm lnh
y cho tng cng vic c th. AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009 bao
gm thm mt s menu trong Land Desktop c.
4. Layout-tools
5. Panorama: Thanh cng c hiu chnh tng hp cc i tng c
c tnh Edit *** Geometry
Page 10
trong
Page 11
- Khi lm quen vi Civil 3D hay Autodesk Land Desktop, sau tng giai on
thit k nn xut sang nh dng LandXML qun l v c th lm d liu song
song cho cc phn mm khc. Hu ht cc phn mm thit k xy dng khc hin nay
c th c v xut kt qu ra cc file nh dng LandXM.
- Trong AutoCAD Civil 3D cc nhn ca i tng (v d nh tn cc ti v tr
tip u) c k hiu thng thng vit tt bi thut ng ting Anh, c th thay
i ta lm nh sau: trn thanh Toolspace\ th Settings\ Kch chut phi vo tn bn
v chn Edit Drawing Setting, trong hp thoi Drawing Setting chn th
Abbreviations.
- Cc li trong qua trnh thao tc (Error Codes): Xem t trang 100 file Civil_ug
trong th mc Help sau khi ci t chng trnh.
Page 12
THIT LP BAN U MT BN V
Page 13
M mt bn v mu mu (Drawing Templete).
Nhp im (Point).
Thit k ng ng (Pipe)
M BN V MU
Khi ng chng trnh AutoCAD Civil 3D.
M mt bn v mu, chn kiu file l Drawing Templete (*.dwt) v tm n file
mu c to sn lu trong th mc Chuong 2 ca a hng dn _AutoCAD Civil
3D (Metric) TCVN nh di hnh 2.1:
Save As bn v sang mt th mc khc, trong v d ny ly tn bn v l: Chuong
2 ban ve 1:
Page 14
Kim tra n v v t l ca bn v:
-
Page 15
NHP IM
- Trn thanh Toolspace chn th Prospector
- Kch chut phi vo Points, chn Create, xut hin thanh cng c Create Points:
Page 16
TO MT THIT K
Trong thanh Toolspace chn th Prospector tab:
-
Page 17
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Trong nhn Prospector trn thanh Toolspace, kch vo Surface. phn Item
view (xem hnh 1.1 chng 1) s thy ton b danh sch cc mt c to
ra, kch vo tn ca Surface Style ang hin hnh nh hnh di y:
Page 19
Hnh 2.11: Xem Surface Styles trong th Settings trn thanh Toolspace.
Page 20
THIT K TUYN
-
Page 21
Trn danh sch tri xung chn Curve and Spiral Setting v la chn cc thng
s nh trong hnh v, kch OK tip tc:
Lp li thao tc trn thanh Alignment Layout Tools v chn phn TangentTangent (With curves) trong hnh 2.14 vch tuyn ng thi t ng b tr ng
cong lun. Vic thit lp cc thng s trong ng cong nm c th hn nh th no
ta s xem trong Chng 6.
Ta vch s b mt tuyn gm hai cnh tuyn bng cch kch ln m hnh a hnh
3 nh ca tuyn. Kt qu s ging nh trong hnh di y:
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THIT K TRC DC
Xut trc dc t nhin
-
Trong Profiles menu, chn Create Profile from Surface, xut hin hp
thoi:
Page 24
Thit k trc dc
Thit k trc dc hay thit k ng ca tuyn.
-
Page 25
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OK kt thc hp thoi, trn thanh cng c Profile Layout Tools, chn Draw
Tangents With Curves v thit k s trc dc gm hai cnh nh sau:
Hnh 2.24: ng .
Page 27
Trong hp thoi Profile View Properties, chn th Bands, chn Import band set
v chn TCVN Profile View Band Set. Kch Ok n khi thot ht hp thoi. Kt qu
bng trc dc s c nh hnh di y:
Page 28
Trn menu General chn Tool Palettes Window, lc ny trong chng trnh
s xut hin thm mt thanh cng c Tool Palettes, kch chut phi vo
phn tn ca thanh cng c ny v kch chn phn Civil 3D Metric nh
hnh di:
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To m hnh tuyn
-
Page 33
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Kch phi vo Corridor va to, chn Object Viewer, trong hp thoi Object
Viewer ta c th xem m hnh nhiu hng khc nhau.
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To cc mt sau thit k
Kt qu vic to cc mt ny s phc v ta khi thit k mng ng ng v tnh
ton cc dng khi lng.
-
Ta to hai mt:
o Mt trn cng ca mt bng tuyn, v d mt ny s quy nh cao
ca vo ca h ga.
o Mt di cng ca mt bng tuyn, l mt khng bao gm kt cu o
ng.
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NG NG PIPE
-
Trn menu Pipes, chn Create Pipe Network by Layout, xut hin hp
thoi nh hnh di y:
Page 38
Trong phn Draw Pipes and Structures chn: Pipes and Structures.
Trong dng lnh Command xut hin cu nhc la trn Alignemtn >>Select
alignment: kch chn vo Alignment (tim tuyn), nu la chn ng, ti
dng lnh Command s hi l trnh chn mng ng ng:
o >>Specify station along alignment: 100 tip tc.
o >>Specify station offset: 3.6 tip tc.
Kch chn c Structure v Pipe, sau kch chut phi chn Object View, ta c
th qua st mng ng ng di dng 3D nh sau:
Page 39
XUT MT CT NGANG
Xut mt ct ngang
-
Trn menu Sections, chn Create Sample Lines Trong dng lnh
Command xut hin dng nhc Select an Alignment, kch vo Alignment l
Tuyn AB hoc kch chut phi chn trong hp thoi Select Alignment:
Page 40
Chn Tuyn AB, kch OK kt thc hp thoi trn, ng thi xut hin
hp thoi Create Sample Line Group:
Kch OK kt thc hp thoi Create Sample Line Group, xut hin thanh
cng c Sample Line Tools:
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Kim tra li cc i tng trong hnh 2.50, nu thy ng, kch OK thao
tc tip.
Page 44
Vo menu Sections, chn Add Tables v chn Total Volume, xut hin hp
thoi nh hnh di:
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Hnh 3.1
Networks:
Network groups:
Page 47
Figures:
Figure groups:
Survey Points:
THIT LP D LIU
To mi d n
M th Survey trong thanh Toolspace, kch chut phi vo Survey Databases
chn New local survey databaset tn l Survey 1.
Page 48
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M rng phn Figure Prefix Databases, kch chut phi vo Survey 1 chn Make
current.
NHP D LIU
D liu cu mt mng kho st
(Network) bao gm cc thng s v cc im
gc (Control points), d liu nh hng gc
HNG DN S DNG AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D 2009
Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh Hi Ha Http://harmonytech.com.vn
Page 50
Nhp d liu t file d liu chun nh dng *.fbk (Field book file). Thc
t, file kho st th c th c phn m rng l *.txt thng thng, tuy
nhin cu trc d liu trong phai phi m bo theo ng ngn ng
lnh tt dng trong file kho st th ca Civil 3D.
Kch chut phi vo mng d liu va to chn Import field book, trong
hp thoi Field book file name (.FBK) chn n th mc cha file v d
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, c th
To hng gc Directions:
Trong mt mng kho st, kch chut phi vo Directions chn New, xut hin
hp thoi:
Page 55
Trm my 1.
Cao my 1.5m
Ta trm my 1.
Page 56
Sau khi khi to xong trm my, gc nh hng, kch chut phi vo trm my
va khi to c dng Station:<tn trm my>, Backsight:<tn im nh hng>,
trong v d trn l Station:1, Backsight:4000, chn Edit observations, xut hin hp
thoi:
Page 57
Note: The observations will determine the true astronomic direction from the
station point to the backsight point. Notice that after you enter the stop time for an
observation, the observed and average direction are calculated automatically.
After you have entered the above data, notice that the Mean Direction value
calculated by the Astronomic Direction Calculator is SOUTH87.967088EAST (if the
drawing settings Direction Measurement Type is set to Bearings).
HNG DN S DNG AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D 2009
Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh Hi Ha Http://harmonytech.com.vn
Page 58
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Kch chut phi vo cy Setups nh hnh v, chn Edit Observations, xut hin
hp thoi:
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T mi:
Miscellaneous: tp, pha tp, c tnh khc nhau
Name
Discription
Units: n v
Distance: di
Angle: gc
Angle: Gc
Horizontal collimation: ngm ngang
collimation The process of adjusting the line of sight or lens of an optical
instrument so that it is properly located based on the other parts of the instrument
Qu trnh ca vic iu chnh ng ngm hay thu knh (ca) mt dng c quang
hc sao cho n ng mc nh v da vo nhng phn khc (ca) dng c.
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Adjusting a traverse loop using the standard compass rule method or other adjustment
methods.
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Each method produces slightly different results. The standard compass rule
adjustment method adjusts the traverse loop and sideshots. The least squares method
adjusts each of the observations so that the sum of the residuals is a minimum.
Note: Before performing the steps in this lesson, you must have created the survey
database Survey 1 and imported the field book file Survey-1.fbk. For more
information, see the lesson Importing and Viewing Survey Data.
For more information about reducing surface data, see the Autodesk Civil 3D
Help topic Survey Analysis and Output.
In this exercise, you will use the Survey Command Window to perform a query on the survey
data.
You will use the Inverse Points command to determine the direction and distance between
two points.
To use the Survey Command Window to query survey data
1. In Toolspace, on the Survey tab, expand the Survey Databases collection.
2. If the database Survey 1 is not open (is not displayed with a
and kch Open Survey Database.
NoteBy default, to save on resource usage, when you start Autodesk Civil 3D, all
survey databases are displayed in a closed state.
3. Right-kch Survey 1 and kch Edit Survey Database Settings.
4. In the Survey Database Settings dialog box, expand the Survey Command Window
property group and ensure that the following are set:
o Point Course Echo: Yes
o Figure Course Echo: Yes
o Point Coordinate Echo: Yes
o Figure Coordinate Echo: Yes
o Command Echo: Yes
These settings determine what kind of information will get displayed in the Survey
Command Window.
5. Kch OK to close the Survey Database Settings dialog box.
6. On the Survey tab, expand the Networks collection, right-kch Survey Network 1, and
kch Survey Command Window.
HNG DN S DNG AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D 2009
Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh Hi Ha Http://harmonytech.com.vn
Page 64
Zoom To Point.
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8. Kch OK.
The analysis is run, the network is adjusted, and the following files are displayed in
the ASCII text editor:
o
o
Observed station points are updated and added to the Control Points
collection.
o All sides shots from adjusted setups within the traverse are updated.
o All figures that reference points within the traverse are updated.
o Any of the above data that is displayed in the current drawing is also updated.
10. You will be performing a network analysis in the next exercise, so undo the
adjustments to the survey data that resulted from the traverse analysis. Right-kch the
Control Points collection and kch Reset Adjusted Coordinates.
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PRISM [height]
Changes the current prism height.
SKIP
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AZ [point 1] [point 2]
Lists the azimuth between two points.
B [point 1] [point 2]
Lists a bearing between two points.
D [point 1] [point 2]
Determines the distance between two points.
Page 72
SD [point 1] [point 2]
Lists the slope distance between two points.
VD [point 1] [point 2]
List the elevation distance between two points.
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Figure Commands
CRV [DELTA, LENGTH, DEFL, MID, Creates a curve in the current figure.
TAN, CHORD] [radius] [value] DEL FIG [figure] Deletes a figure from the drawing.
DISP FIGS Lists all the existing figure names in the current drawing.
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FIG AD [angle] [distance] Creates a figure vertex using an angle and distance.
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POINT [point] Selects an existing point to be the next vertex in the figure.
START [figure]
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Intersection Commands
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CR [ON, OFF]
Turns curvature and refraction corrections on or off.
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Baseline Commands
Centerline Commands
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Miscellaneous Commands
HISTORY Displays all the commands you used during thecurrent session.
Elevation
Elevation
Delta
263.6500
263.6500
0.0000
259.9600
259.9600
-0.0000
Page 82
257.4380
257.4380
-0.0000
255.1760
255.1760
-0.0000
251.7960
251.7960
-0.0000
249.6350
249.6350
-0.0000
1.lso
RAW TRAVERSE
Point#
1
N 72-56-33
2
S 63-53-46
COMPASS RULE
Coordinates
Coordinates
5000.0000
5000.0000
5000.0000
5000.0000
Delta
0.0000
E Dist:300.0002
N
5087.9995
5087.9995
5286.8036
5286.8035
0.0001
E Dist:200.0000
N 63-53-45
4
S 72-56-35
4999.9994
4999.9994
5466.4032
5466.4030
0.0002
E Dist:199.9942
N
5087.9980
5087.9980
5645.9970
5645.9968
0.0002
E Dist:300.0049
N 62-47-43
6
4999.9999
4999.9999
5932.8058
5932.8055
0.0003
E Dist:192.4878
N
5087.9999
5088.0000
6104.0004
6104.0000
0.0004
Ba1.trv
RAW TRAVERSE
Point#
1
Coordinates
N
5000.0000
No RULE
Coordinates
5000.0000
Delta
0.0000
Page 83
5000.0000
5000.0000
N 72-56-33 E Dist:300.0003
2
5087.9995
5087.9995
5286.8036
5286.8036
0.0000
S 63-53-46 E Dist:200.0001
3
4999.9994
4999.9994
5466.4032
5466.4032
0.0000
N 63-53-45 E Dist:199.9942
4
5087.9980
5087.9980
5645.9970
5645.9970
0.0000
S 72-56-35 E Dist:300.0050
5
4999.9999
4999.9999
5932.8058
5932.8058
0.0000
N 62-47-43 E Dist:192.4879
6
5087.9999
5087.9999
6104.0004
6104.0004
0.0000
: 0.0001
: -0.0004
: 1192.4874
Precision
: 1 in 3324324.0586
Number of sides : 5
Page 84
CHNG 5: POINT
CHNG 4: POINT
Tm hiu i tng Point
im trong AutoCAD Civil 3D c gi l Coordinate Geometry (COGO), chng
khc hon ton vi im trong AutoCAD. im trong AutoCAD ch c gi ta
X,Y,Z; cn im trong AutoCAD Civil 3D cn lu tr cc gi tr v th t im, m
t, rt quan trng trong vic lc d liu im sau ny.
Mt im trong Autocad Civil 3D c hin th vi Point styles v Point label
style ca n:
i vi hnh trn, Point style l dng block hnh cy, Point lable style th hin
Point number (th t im), Point elevation (cao im), Point Description (m t).
Description keys
Tm hiu Description keys
Trong qu trnh o c kho st a hnh, cc im o thng c cc ghi ch m
t km theo vic x l c thun tin nht.
Chng hn khi o trn mt din rng, mt im gc nh c th c ghi ch l
GN KhuA (gc nh khu A), tng t vi cc im th hin gc nh khc cng c
ghi ch theo mt quy tc no m i kho st nh ra. Lc ny ghi ch ca im
c dng lm cc m lc, ta c th lc ra cc im th hin gc nh (GN), hay cc
im trong Khu A (KhuA) trong ton b d liu kho st.
Page 85
CHNG 5: POINT
Trong AutoCAD Civil 3D, ta c th to cc Description Key t ng qun l
cc im no c nhp vo, nh kiu v thuc tnh cho im khi to hoc nhp t
mt ngun d liu no . Cc m lc dng trong Description Key nh sau:
Trong Autocad Civil 3D, d liu im c th qun l theo tng nhm ring bit.
To nhm im
Menu: Points\ Create point group
Toolspace\ tab Prospector: kch chut phi vo
chn New
Page 86
CHNG 5: POINT
Nhp im vo bn v - Point
Menu: Point\ Create points
HNG DN S DNG AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D 2009
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CHNG 5: POINT
Toolspace\ tab Prospector: kch chut phi vo biu tng
chn New
Xut hin hp thoi Create Points:
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CHNG 5: POINT
Trong v d trn la chn nh dng m rng *.txt, cu trc file PENZD (space
delimited) (Point number Easting Northing Point elevation Raw Decription;
cc thuc tnh cch nhau bi du Space).
Chn vo biu tng
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CHNG 5: POINT
Transfer point: Chuyn i nh dng file d liu im
Source Destination
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CHNG 5: SURFACE B MT
CHNG 5: SURFACE - B MT
Cc kiu b mt
Autodesk Civil 3D h tr xy dng cc kiu b mt nh:
Tin surfaces: B mt li
tam gic, c thit lp bi d
liu im, ng ng mc.
l kiu b mt c bn phc v
chnh cho cng tc thit k bnh
tuyn. Loi b mt ny c th
lu di dng file ui *.tin, v
lm d liu dng li cho cc mt
khc.
Grid surfaces
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CHNG 5: SURFACE B MT
Trong thit k, kiu b mt Tin surfaces c s dng nhiu nht, trong bi gii
thiu ny ta s lm vic vi kiu b mt ny, cc kiu b mt khc nn tm hiu thm
trong Help ca Civil 3D.
DEM (digital elevation models)
C th to mi mt b mt bng cch
chn Create surface trn menu hoc nhn
chut phi vo biu tng
trong
Toolspace, chn New
Trong hp thoi Create surface chn
kiu b mt l TIN Surface, la chn
layer, tn, trch m t cho b mt, chn
kiu hin th v chn vt liu ca b mt.
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CHNG 5: SURFACE B MT
- i vi tng la chn nhp d liu cho mt s c cc bc nhp ring ca n.
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CHNG 5: SURFACE B MT
Xy dng b mt t DEM File
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CHNG 5: SURFACE B MT
Label Styles
Table Styles
iu c v cha c:
-
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CHNG 5: SURFACE B MT
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
Alignment c trng cho cc ng nh tim tuyn, mp ng, di t bn
ng, va h Mt cng vic thng xuyn v u tin l vch tim tuyn bng
Alignment.
Qu trnh to Alignments
Create an alignment from a polyline, use the alignment layout tools, import an
alignment using LandXML, or create alignment references using either data shortcuts
or Autodesk Vault.
Tao mt Alignment t mt ng Polyline, s dng Alignment Layout Tools,
nhp mt Alignment s dng LandXML, hoc to Alignment s dng lin kt vi cc
d liu tt khc hoc Autodesk Vault.
Create an alignment using any of the following:
To mt Alignment s dng mt trong cc cch sau:
To mt Alignment t mt ng Polyline
Create an alignment using either the tangent-tangent or constraint-based
commands in the Alignment Layout Tools. The tangent-tangent commands are useful
for simple road design, or preliminary layout work. The constraint-based commands
are useful for intricate design work, where certain corridor constraints must be
maintained.
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
thng nht trong vic s dng thut ng, y hng dn lm vic vi
Alignment tng ng vi lm vic vi tim tuyn ng. Sau khi hiu cch thc lm
vic vi Alignment ta c th to Alignment theo ngha ca tng cng vic.
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
Trong AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009, cc dng ng cong chuyn tip bao gm:
Bi-Quadratic
Bloss
Clothoid
Cubic (JP)
Cubic Parabola
Sine Half-Wave Diminishing Tangent
Sinusoidal Curves
Chn li biu tng
- Tangent-Tangent(With curve) tin hnh vch tim
tuyn song song vi vic b tr ng cong (bng) chuyn tip.
Trong hp lnh Command yu cu chn cc nh ca tuyn, chn vo cc nh
ca tuyn nh du sn hoc im bt k trn bn v ly v d.
To on cong trn cng vi phn chuyn tip t mt on Alignment thng - To
add a floating curve with a spiral (from entity, radius, length) off a line.
-
Trn thanh Layout Tools chn Adding Floating Curves with Spirals (from
entity, radius, length)
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
To Alignment bng cch Import XML file.
Cng vic ny rt c ch cho cng tc nng cp thit k tuyn c.
Khi nhp file Xml cho mt Alignment, file ny cha y thng tin v v tr
(site), cc ga tr di tuyn, bn knh, di on chuyn tip ng cong nm
Thc hin nhp file nh sau:
T menu File, chn Import, chn Import LandXML trong hp thoi Import
LandXML chn file cn nhp.
Tuyn sau khi thit k ty thuc vo la chn ban u v layer, style, label set
trong hp thoi Create Alignment-Layout, m c dnh hin th khc nhau trn bn v.
Kh nng ty bin cc la chn cho tim tuyn trong Autodesk Civil 3D l cao, ta c
th quan st r rng tng thnh phn ca tim tuyn: Cnh tuyn, on cong chuyn
tip, ng cong trn, cc, l trnh
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
Xem xt cc thit lp ca Alignment Hiu chnh Settings ca Alignment.
- Ta c th thay i cc kiu hin th ng tim tuyn
va thit k bng cch thay i cc thit t hin hnh ang
s dng cho n trong th Setting trn thanh Toolpace.
Alignment Styles: Kiu dng th hin tng thnh phn
ca ng tim tuyn.
Ta c th dng Alignment Styles iu khin s hin th ca tng thnh phn
trn ng tim tuyn thit k trn a hnh.
Label styles: Cc kiu ghi ch cho cc thnh phn trn tuyn, v d nh ghi l
trnh cc, ng cong.
Table Styles : nh kiu cho cc hin th nh tn cc, im ni u, ni cui trong
ng cong.
Commands : Bao hm cc thit lp cho cc mc nh trong qu trnh thc hin
vic to tim tuyn, th hin trong hp thoi Create Alignment - Layout.
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
AutoCAD Civil 3D c sn mt hai file tiu chun h tr thit k siu cao, tnh
ton cc im thay i siu cao theo tiu chun AASHTO mi 2001.
Mt file s dng n v ly theo h thng o lng Anh, mt file dng h n v
mt.
Vn tc: MilesPerHour dm/h (mph)
1 dm = 1,609344 km; 1 mph = 1,609344 kph
di: Foot (ft), 1 ft = 0,3048 m
Din tch: SquareFoot - Foot2 (ft2)
Khi lng: cubicYard Yard3 (lat3), 1 lat = 0,914 m
Cc im thay i siu cao c mc nh trong Civil nh sau:
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
Trong :
- LCtoFS: Level Crown point to Full Super point (runoff)
- LCtoRC: Level Crown point to Reverse Crown point
- LCtoBC: Level Crown point to Beginning of Curve
- NCtoLC: Normal Crown point to Level Crown point (runout)
- NStoNC: Normal Shoulder point to Normal Crown point (used for the
Breakover Removal method of superelevated shoulders)
- Gi tr c: dc mi ng (thng thng bng 2%), c nh ngha trong
hp thoi Superelevation Properties.
- Gi tr e: Siu cao y ca tuyn (%)
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
- Gi tr s: dc ca vai ng, c nh ngha trong hp thoi
Superelevation Properties.
- Gi tr t: c tnh nh di.
Tnh ton gi tr t:
Superelevation Runoff (t)
Lr = (w)(n)(e)(b)/ = t = LCtoFS
Lr = minimum length of superelevation runoff (ft) - Chiu di nh nht ca on ni siu cao
n = number of lanes rotated S ln quay siu cao, gi tr ny ly bng mt na gi tr ca
Transition Length Table
b = adjustment factor for number of lanes rotated (Table 4-3) H s hiu chnh s ln quay
siu cao (xem bng 4-3).
w = width of one traffic lane (ft)- B rng ca mt ln
e = design superelevation rate (%) Siu cao y ca tuyn
= maximum relative gradient, percent (Table 4-2) Gi tr ly theo bng 4-2
Tangent Runout
Lt = (Lr) (eNC)/e =w.n.eNC.b/= NCtoLC
Lt = minimum length of tangent runout (ft)
Lr = minimum length of superelevation runoff (ft)
eNC = normal cross slope rate (%)
e = design superelevation rate
Table 4-2
Maximum Relative Gradient
Design
Speed
(mph)
25
Maximum
Relative 0.70
Gradient
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
0.66
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.50
0.47
0.45
0.43
0.40
Table 4-3
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
Adjustment Factor for Number of Lanes Rotated
1.00
1.5
0.83
0.75
2.5
0.70
0.67
3.5
0.64
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
Cc gi tr ly ging nh trn.
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
V d tnh siu cao quanh mp gii phn cch gia cho ng 4 ln:
Chng trnh s tnh cc v tr thay i siu cao tuy nhin ty vic thit k mt ct
nganng (Assembly) m c s t ng hon ton trong tnh ton hoc ta s cn hiu
chnh thm i cht, v d y thit k mt ct c cc thng s nh sau:
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
Mt vi ch
Trong thit k siu cao ta c th thay i cc gi tr trong hp thoi Aignment
Properties c th thit k siu cao cho cc trng hp c bit khc.
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
Tuy nhin trong sch lm trn mt vi s hng v li thm h s lc ngang ca xe,
cn cng thc y khng lm trn nn kt qu ca 2 cng thc c th chp nhn
c l nh nhau. D nhin ta cng c th thay i cng thc trn theo mt cng thc
khc ty .
n = Number of lanes (S ln)
R = Radius of the alignment at full superelevation (bn knh ca Alignment ti v
tr siu cao y )
L = Length of wheelbase including the front overhang (bng khong cch ga 2
trc bnh xe k c phn nh ra ca xe pha trc-t u xe ti trc sau ca xe)
Wheelbase: khong cch gia 2 trc ca xe.
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
dMaximumWideningWidth = vNumberOfTravelLanes * (dR - Sqr(dR * dR - vWheelbaseLength *
vWheelbaseLength))
For Each superElem In superData
If superElem.TransPointType = aeccSuperEndNormalCrown Then endNormalCrown =
superElem.RawStation
If superElem.TransPointType
superElem.RawStation
If
superElem.TransPointType
superElem.RawStation
aeccSuperBeginFullSuper
Then
beginFullSuper
aeccSuperEndFullSuper
Then
endFullSuper
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Kch chut phi vo trc dc t nhin v chn Edit Profile Style v Edit Labels
tin hnh hiu chnh kiu hin th ca trc dc, ta c kt qu nh sau:
Hiu chnh ng :
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Kt qu:
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OverlayBrokenBackOverGutters
OverlayCrownBetweenEdges
OverlayMedianAsymmetrical
OverlayMedianSymmetrical
OverlayMillAndLevel1
OverlayMillAndLevel2
OverlayParabolic
OverlayWidenMatchSlope1
OverlayWidenMatchSlope2
OverlayWidenWithSuper1
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1. With the corridor selected, right-kch. Kch Object Viewer. Use the Object Viewer to
view, rotate, and orbit the corridor. When you are finished, press Esc to close the
viewer.
>
(previous) and
Notice how the sections behave in different cut and fill situations, and in the
superelevation transitions. For example, at station 4+50 the road is in a shallow cut on
one side and deep cut on the other. The criteria set for the DaylightStandard
subassembly caused it to use a 6:1 slope on the left side, and a 4:1 slope on the right
side.
5. View the sections in full superelevation (6+50 to 12+25). Using the Centerline Pivot
option on the depressed median subassembly causes the lanes and shoulders to
superelevate about a point above the centerline ditch. A straight edge laid against the
lane surfaces would pass through the profile grade point.
6. Close the View/Edit Corridor Section Tools when finished.
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Cao gia Top v Datum chnh nhau khong 1,5, xem xt Asembly properties:
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Hnh hc
Circular
Egg-Shaped
Vt liu
M t
Concrete
Ductile Iron
PVC
Concrete
Concrete Elliptical
Pipe
Elliptical
Concrete
Horizontal
Rectangular
Concrete Box
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Hnh hc
Inlet-Outlet
Ca x - ca
thu
Rectangular
Vt liu
M t
Concrete
Variable Height
Concrete
Slab Top
Circular Frame
Rectangular
Slab Top
Rectangular
Frame
Two-Tier
Circular Frame
Junction with
Frames
Slab Top
Circular Frame
Concentric
Cylindrical
Eccentric
Eccentric TwoTier Circular
Frame
Junction
without
Frames
Rectangular
Rectangular
Concentric
Cylindrical
Cylindrical
To mi mt Parts Lits:
-
Trong hp thoi Network Parts List New Parts List, lm vic chnh vi
hai th l Pipe v Structure:
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Trong th Pipe ca hp thoi Network Parts List nh trn hnh 11.1, kch chut
phi vo New parts list chn Add part family, xut hin hp thoi Part Catalog nh
sau:
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Chiu dy thnh ng
ng knh trong ca ng
Hnh dng mt ct ngang
H s nhm, thng ly bng 0,012 cho
ng b tng
H s Hazen Williams
Vt liu
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Hnh m t
Wall Thickness
Vertical Pipe Clearance
Structure Shape
Structure Height
Structure Diameter
Rim to Sump Height
Material
Inner Structure Diameter
Grate
Frame Height
Frame Diameter
Frame
Floor Thickness
Cover
Cone Height
Barrel Pipe Clearance
Ch :
-
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The placement point is the insertion point used to place the part in a drawing. You
simply specify a point in your model for the placement point.
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The sample lines define the stations at which the cross sections are cut, and
also the width of the sections to the left and right of the alignment. A set of
sample lines is stored under a Sample Line Group for the alignment. Each
sample line group has a unique name. Each line within the group also has a
unique name.
To create sample lines
1 Navigate to the tutorial drawings folder. Open the drawing
Corridor-5a.dwg.
2 Turn OSNAP off.
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In this lesson, you will use the sample lines created in the previous tutorial to
calculate cut and fill earthwork quantities.
Earthwork and material volumes are calculated by comparing two sample line
surfaces to each other. You can calculate quantities between sample lines derived from
regular surface models and from corridor surfaces.
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The Fill factor is typically used as a compaction factor for fill material. It is
usually 1.0 or lower.
The Refill factor indicates what percentage of cut material can be reused as fill.
It should be 1.0 or lower.
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This is the material list you created by calculating volume quantities for the
sample line group using the Earthworks criteria.
y l list vt liu bn bo ra t s tnh ton khi lng cho nhm sample line
dng tiu chun Earthwork.
V c nhiu tiu chun tnh ton p dng cho cc cng vic tnh ton khc nhau
cc ln khc.
15 Kch OK.
16 The report is displayed.
Xut hin thng bo t Internet Explorer: Scripts are usually safe. Do you want to
allow scripts to run?
Cc bn chnh thng c bo mt mt cht. Bn c mun cho php cc bn ny
chy khng?
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The areas for each material are averaged between stations and multiplied by the
station difference to produce the incremental volumes. These are added from station to
station to produce the cumulative volumes. Finally, the Cum. Net Volume value at
each station is calculated as the cumulative Reusable volume minus the cumulative
Fill volume.
Calculating
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Mt s cc ng c trng cn ch nh sau:
-
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To m hnh b mt:
-
Create Corridor:
o Alignment: Main centreline (trc ng chnh)
o Profile (ng ): Vertical
o Assembly: Temp
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Trc dc lc ny c dng:
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Thit k ng
Thit k nh thng thng, ng nn thit k sao cho gn nh ln 2 phn
trc dc t nhin trn 2 b mt ph ca ng chnh v ng nhnh cng chnh xc
cng tt, cc im giao ct vi ng ph v ng nhnh th bt buc ly cao
bng cao b mt ca hai ng ny.
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Trong hp thoi Create Profile from Surface, khng cn thit v trc dc ra ngoi
bn v m ch cn chn OK.
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Vng 2()
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Chn vo thuc tnh Target ca Region 1 mi to, xut hin hp thoi Target Mapping v
chn nh trong hnh v.
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Vng 3
Lm tng t nh vng 2 vi Alignment l JCT Right.
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Trn trc ng chnh v trc ng nhnh s dng mt ct ngang thng thng (Typical
Section) to m hnh b mt tuyn nh thng thng.
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To ng c s Feature line.
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Cc la chn (Options)
-
Weeding Factors
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Cc dng thit k:
-
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To ng Feature line.
To Feature line
Cc cch thc to mt ng Feature line.
-
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PH LC 1: MT S RC RI V LI V CNH BO
PH LC 1: MT S RC RI V LI V CNH
BO
Mt vi li cnh bo trong hp thoi Panorama:
Warning
-
Corridor is out of date and may be out of sync with other objects
Imformation
-
This profile view has data bands that require appropriate features(profile1,
profile2 etc...) to be associated. Please set them through bands tab of
profile view properties dialog.
Drawing Recovery
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PH LC 1: MT S RC RI V LI V CNH BO
Danh sch cc bn sao lu hin th cc file d phng m chng sn sng lm vic
lun. Double-kch vo cc file trn danh sch m v so snh ni dung ca chng.
La chn file m d liu khi phc tt nht, s dng Save As ch r v tr th
mc v tn ca file.
- Li khng khai bo vn tc thit k trc khi p tiu chun tnh Superelevation.
Design speeds are not found for the current aligment! Please specify them in
Design Speeds tab before computing superelevation parameters.
Vn tc thit k khng c xy dng cho Aligment hin hnh! Hy ch r
chng trong th Design Speeds trc khi s dng cc thng s siu cao.
- Cch thc thay i khong cch cc.
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PH LC 1: MT S RC RI V LI V CNH BO
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PH LC 1: MT S RC RI V LI V CNH BO
Tuy nhin d OK v thay i trong bn v m khng thy kt qu g, cn thay i
lun trong gi tr X, Y trn nhng cng khng c. Al
- ??? Ti sao sau khi to Alignment th cc Station c hin th, tuy nhin sau
th cc Station nay li mt i ngay sau khi to xong Corridor
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PH LC 2: CC HP THOI V NG DNG
PH LC 2: CC HP THOI V NG DNG
Label Style Composer
Th Information:
Cha cc thng tin chung v kiu Label Style, v d l kiu Standard. Bao gm:
-
Tn ku
M t v kiu
Th General:
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PH LC 2: CC HP THOI V NG DNG
Bands
D liu bands l cc d liu hnh chiu ca tuyn trn trc dc hoc bnh (siu
cao, cong bng, cong ng, mt ct ) dc theo (profile view) trc dc ca
(Alignment) tuyn.
S dng th ny qun l d liu band c t cho profile view.
Band Type
Ch r loi (kiu) ca d liu band thm vo tp hp: Profile Data (d liu
mt ct), Vertical Geometry (hnh chiu ng trn trc dc tuyn), Horizontal
Geometry (hnh chiu bng trn bnh tuyn), Superelevation (siu cao), Sectional
Data (d liu mt ct), hay Pipe Data (d liu ng).
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PH LC 2: CC HP THOI V NG DNG
List of Bands
Location
Xc nh v tr kiu Band s hin th trn trc dc: trn cng hay di cng.
Band Type
Style
Description
Gap
nh khong cch gia hng d liu cha n v hng d liu ngay trn (hoc
di n) n.
Alignment
Ch ra i tng Alignment m n lm vic l g.
Profile1/Profile2
Specifies which profile or profiles supply the data for the band. For example, if two
profiles are specified for a Profile Data band, each station displayed in the band shows
the elevation information for both profiles.
Ch r mt ct hay nhng mt ct no cung cp d liu (cho) bng. Chng hn, nu
hai Mt ct c ch r (cho) mt bng D liu Mt ct, mi nh ga hin th trong
bng cho thy thng tin nng cao (cho) c hai Mt ct
Design Data
Specifies the source of the data displayed in the band.The options displayed depend
on the type of data band:
This column is available only for Pipe and Sectional data bands.
Material
Specifies a material or list of materials for which data is displayed in a Sectional Data
band. The options are generated using the properties of sample line groups that are
associated with the alignment in the profile view.
Weeding
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PH LC 2: CC HP THOI V NG DNG
Used only for labels at vertical geometry points on Profile Data bands only. Vertical
geometry points or grade breaks that are closer than the weeding factor are removed,
making it easier to read the remaining labels. Enter a positive number to specify a
label exclusion distance.
Label at Start
Specifies whether the start end of the band is labeled.
Label at End
Specifies whether the end of the band is labeled.
Label Origin
Specifies whether or not the profile view origin is labeled with its station and
elevation values.
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PH LC 2: CC HP THOI V NG DNG
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PH LC 2: CC HP THOI V NG DNG
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PH LC 2: CC HP THOI V NG DNG
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PH LC 2: CC HP THOI V NG DNG
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PH LC 2: CC HP THOI V NG DNG
http://www.avat.com/training/elearning/media/edemos/pacificsoft/dp_grading/fra
meset.htm
(Avsd Solutions - Grading Calculation Functions within Design Point)
Thinhj hom nay la ngyaf mddfdfdj
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PH LC 3: T CHUYN NGNH
PH LC 3: T CHUYN NGNH
Phc v Survey menu
1. Description keys: Cc kha m t.
2. Raw field data: D liu trng th
y c th m ch d liu ton c
3. Traverse loops: Cc vng lp ngang
4. Survey command line language: Ngn ng dng lnh kho st
5. External database: C s d liu ngoi
6. General limits: Gii hn tng qut
7. Setup initial geometry for the Object: Thit t v tr a l gc ca d n
8. Point protection: Bo v im
9. Side-shot: nh chp mt cnh (hay c hiu l hnh chiu cnh)
10. Closure data: D liu kp kn
11. Batch file: file b
12. Company standard: Chun chung
13. Field book file: File s tay gi chp o c (nh dng *.fbk)
14. Fahrenheit: Thang nhit F
15. Instrument station: Trm my
16. Ditto Feature
17. Point Course Echo
18. Figure Course Echo
19. Point Coordinate Echo
20. Figure Coordinate Echo
21. Notify: Thng bo
22. Check Shots
23. Sequential on (point): im lin tip
24. Reunite key symbols: Tp hp cc k hiu kha
25. Coordinate Echoing: Di ta (b tay khng hiu lm)
26. Actual description: M t thc
27. Wildcard characters: K t thay th
28. Data collection: B tp hp d liu
29. Backsight point: im ngm
30. Foresight to right: Gc o phi
31. Foresight slope Distance: Khong cch dc
32. Foresight vertical Angle: Gc ng
33. Prism height: Chiu cao mia
34. Observation: Quan trc
35. Observation point: im o c, im quan trc
36. Erase all existing observation: Xa tt c cc thng tin ang tn ti
37. Compass rule method: Phng php thc cong
38. Closure Adjustments: Cc hiu chnh kp kn
39. Compass rule: Thc cong
40. Transit rule: Thc truyn
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PH LC 3: T CHUYN NGNH
41. Crandall: Thc Crandall
42. Bnh phng ti thiu
43. iu chnh mng li cc bnh phng ti thiu
44. Length Weighted distribution: Phn b chiu di trng lng
45. Equal distribution: Phn b bng ngang
46. Calculation Criteria: Ch tiu tnh ton
47. Traverse Analysis: Phn tch Traverse
48. Balance Angle: Cc gc bnh sai
49. Vertical Adjustment: Hiu chnh theo phng ng
50. Synonyms: Cc tn ng ngha
51. Fault-Line: Dng c li
52. Break line: Dng ngt qung
53. Figure prefix: Tin t ca hnh
C th hiu l mt cm k t m t chung cho cc im thuc cng mt hnh.
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PH LC 3: T CHUYN NGNH
75. Theodolite high error: Sai s theo chiu cao kinh v
76. Least squares: vung nh nht
77. Distance line: Nt biu th khong cch
78. Angle line: Nt biu th gc
79. Direction line: Nt biu th hng
80. Buried line: ng nt khut
81. Lots: L
82. Confidence interval: Khong tin cy
83. Error ellipses: Sai s hnh van
84. 2-3-dimensition: Kch thc khng gian 2-3 chiu
85. Calculation parameters: Tnh ton cc thng s
86. Max of iteration: lp li max
87. Coordinate convergence: Hi t ta
88. Ellipse scale factor: H s t l do dng van
89. Total # of unknown points: Tng s cc im cha bit
90. Total # observations: Tng s quan trc
91. Degrees of freedom: Cc t do
92. Confidence interval: tin cy
93. Number of iteration: lp
94. Chi square value: Tr s bnh phng Chi
95. Goodness of fit test: Sai s php o
96. Fails at the 5% level: Cc sai s mc 5%
97. SD: Khong cch xin
98. VA: Gc ng
99. ANG: Gc ngang
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PH LC 3: T CHUYN NGNH
2. BVC: Vertical Tangent-Curve Intersect.
3. BVCE: Vertical Tangent-Curve Intersect Elevation.
4. BVCS: Vertical Tangent-Curve Intersect Station.
5. BVP: Profile Start.
6. Band: (n) di dt v mng; ai; np; di; bng; ng k
Add data bands: Xut hin trong hp thoi khi to trc dc, cho php hoc khng
to hng d liu ngoi..( kh gii thch)
7. Catch basin: Ming cng, ging thu nc.
8. Channel:
- (n) eo bin; lng sng, lng sui; knh mng, rnh, lch; ng xoi;
ng dn (nc du); (ngha bng) ng, ngun (tin tc, ngh, t tng)
- (ngt) o rnh, o mng; chy xi (t) thnh khe rnh (nc ma);
chuyn; hng vo, xoy vo (ci g); bo ng xoi.
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PH LC 3: T CHUYN NGNH
Reverse Alignment direction: o chiu Alignment thao tc ny trong
AutoCAD Civil 3D lm cc i tng ca Ali i xng vi chnh n qua Alignment.
16. Enhancement: (dt) s l ni bt, nt ni bt.
17. Extract: (n) on trch; phn chit; (hc) cao.
18. EVC : Vertical Curve-Tangent Intersect.
im phn ct gia ng cong v cnh tuyn ng.
19. Feature: c trng.
New Features: Cc c trng mi.
20. Fixed: (adj) ng yn, bt ng, c nh; c b tr trc.
Fixed point: im c nh; cht kim tra c nh.
21. Flip: di chuyn, bng.
22. Gather: (ngt) tp hp, t hp li; thu thp; ly li; hiu, kt lun, suy ra.
23. General: (dt) Tng qut, chung, tng th.
24. Geometry: Hnh hc.
25. HP: High Point.
26. Include: Bao gm
27. Increment: S tng thm, s gia.
Station Increment: Khong tng ca cc cc.
28. Intersection: (n) s giao ct; ch ct ngang; im giao, ng giao
Tangent intersection: ng tip tuyn.
29. Information: (n) S cung cp thng tin; s thng tin; tin tc, ti liu; kin
thc.
Trong AutoCAD Civil 3D, th Information trong cc hp thoi properties ca cc
i tung s lu tr thng tin chung nht ca i tng nh: tn, c t (Description),
kiu ca i tng.
30. Intersect: (ngt) phn ct; (nt) ct nhau.
31. Lay-out: (dt) Cch b tr, cch trnh by, s b tr, s trnh by.
32. Level Crown Station: Hiu l v tr c dc ti 2 hai mi u bng 0 qua
nh. Hay
33. Levee: (n) con ; m khch; bui chiu i; bui tip khch khi va ng
dy.
(ngt) p cho.
34. Major: (dt) Chnh; nguy him, nghim trng.
HNG DN S DNG AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D 2009
Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh Hi Ha Http://harmonytech.com.vn
Page 224
PH LC 3: T CHUYN NGNH
35. Object: (n) i tng.
36. Pavement: Mt ng.
37. Parking lot: Bi xe
38. Prospector: (dt) ngi iu tra, ngi thm d, ngi tm kim.
Trong AutoCAD Civil 3D, th Prospector trn thanh Toolspace c th hiu l th
lu tr cc cc i tng c to ra khi tin hnh thit k.
Trn thanh Toolspace, th Settings gip ngi dng to v qun l thuc tnh cc
i tng.
39. Parameter: (dt) thng s, tham s, tham bin, gii hn.
40. Panorama: (dt) Ton cnh
41. Profile: mt ct dc
42. PVI: Point of vertical Intersection
In a profile, the point where two tangent lines meet.
Trong mt ct dc, im m ni 2 cnh tuyn gp nhau.
43. Quantity: (n) s nhiu: Quantities: Chi tit thit k thi cng
44. Railway: (n) ng st.
45. Range: Dy, hng; loi; tm, phm vi
Station Range: Phm vi Station, trong AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009 c sd khi xut
trc dc, khng ch phm vi th hin trc dc t 2 u Alignment.
46. Rate: (n) t l; tc .
47. Recovery: Tm li c, khi phc c.
48. Reinstall: (ngt)Phc chc, cho lm li chc v.
49. Relationship: (n) Mi lin h, mi quan h; tnh thn thuc, tnh h hng
50. Renumber: m li; nh s li, ghi li.
51. Represent: (ngt) miu t, hnh dung
52. Reverse: nghch o, ngc chiu.
53. Rights-of-way (USA): cc di p ca ng.
54. Segment: (n) on, khc; phn, mng; phn t.
55. Set: (n) B; tp hp; dng dp, kiu dng; chiu hng, khuynh hng;
thit b.
56. Sidewalk: va h, ng i b.
57. Solution: gii quyt, gii php; p n; ho tan
58. Specified: (adj) theo danh ngha, l thuyt.
HNG DN S DNG AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D 2009
Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh Hi Ha Http://harmonytech.com.vn
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PH LC 3: T CHUYN NGNH
59. Specify: (ngt) ch r, nh r.
60. Spiral: (n) ng xon c.
61. Tag: th; buc, ni.
62. Tangent: (n) ng tip tuyn, (c th hiu l cnh tuyn)
63. Traveled way: (n) mt ng
64. Typically: (ph t) in hnh, tiu biu
65. Undivided: (adj) trn vn, hon ton
66. Utility run: on ng phc v cng cng
67. Visibility: (dt) S vic c th nhn thy c; tm nhn
68. Visualization: (n) s hnh dung, s mng tng.
69. Stratum
In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of rock or soil with
internally consistent characteristics that distinguishes it from contiguous layers. Each layer is
generally one of a number of parallel layers that lie one upon another, laid down by natural
forces. They may extend over hundreds of thousands of square kilometers of the Earth's
surface. Strata are typically seen as bands of different colored or differently structured
material exposed in cliffs, road cuts, quarries, and river banks. Individual bands may vary in
thickness from a few millimeters to a kilometer or more. Each band represents a specific
mode of deposition -- river silt, beach sand, coal swamp, sand dune, lava bed, etc.
Geologists study rock strata and categorize them by the material in the beds. Each distinct
layer is usually assigned a "formation" name usually based on a town, river, mountain, or
region where the formation is exposed and available for study. For example, the Burgess
Shale is a thick exposure of dark, occasionally fossiliferous, shale exposed high in the
Canadian Rockies near Burgess Pass. Slight distinctions in material in a formation may be
described as "members" or sometimes "beds." Formations are collected into "groups." Groups
may be collected into "supergroups."
The stratum is the fundamental unit in a stratigraphic column and forms the basis of the
study of stratigraphy. In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of
rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics that distinguishes it from contiguous
layers. Each layer is generally one of a number of parallel layers that lie one upon another,
laid down by natural forces. They may extend over hundreds of thousands of square
kilometers of the Earth's surface. Strata are typically seen as bands of different colored or
differently structured material exposed in cliffs, road cuts, quarries, and river banks.
Individual bands may vary in thickness from a few millimeters to a kilometer or more. Each
band represents a specific mode of deposition -- river silt, beach sand, coal swamp, sand
dune, lava bed, etc.
Geologists study rock strata and categorize them by the material in the beds. Each distinct
layer is usually assigned a "formation" name usually based on a town, river, mountain, or
region where the formation is exposed and available for study. For example, the Burgess
Shale is a thick exposure of dark, occasionally fossiliferous, shale exposed high in the
Canadian Rockies near Burgess Pass. Slight distinctions in material in a formation may be
described as "members" or sometimes "beds." Formations are collected into "groups." Groups
may be collected into "supergroups."
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PH LC 3: T CHUYN NGNH
The stratum is the fundamental unit in a stratigraphic column and forms the basis of the
study of stratigraphy.
Interstate road cut through limestone and shale strata in eastern Tennessee
Page 227