.

#5
-


O k (k 0)

, F
X F
X
,
OX = k OX


k>0
X

X
o

k> 0, X
0X

OX = k OX
,

K> 1


k=2

k= 2, X
0X

OX = 2OX

, k =3

, k=1,8


k 0

X
O

k 0, X
OX

OX = IkIOX

, k 0

 , K= -1.5

, k=- 2,9


k=-1
X

k=-1, X
X -

O .


:
k=-1

, k=-1


k=1
(X)

k =1 -, X

OX OX =
OX
.. X
X
.
,
1 -
,
.

 , k=1

 .
O k
:
H, X X- ,

H ( X) = X,
,
H ( X) = X
1
k




, X (x;y) , X(x; y)
X X - , x=kx, y= kx
,
k= 3.
X (2;-3) X (6; -9)
.

O( a;b),
x-a=k(x-a)

x=k(xa) +a
y-b=k(y-a)

y
=k(y-b)+b
k
XX Y Y, XY = k XY

2014