HIGH VOLTAGE

ENGINERING
Lecture 2

Oil insulation Breakdown

Oil insulation Breakdown mechanism is similar to the gas insulation Breakdown.
REASONS to use oil:
Density of oil much higher then gas (1000 x)
voltage

Higher breakdown

Oil fill every spaces at once and also use for thermal insulation
Has high ability to do self healing
DISADVANTAGE:
Easily to be contaminated

FACTORS CAUSED OIL BREAKDOWN:

Particle:
Cellulose and dust which left in the oil have higher permittivity than the oil. If
the particles permittivity e2 and oils permittivity is e1, and the partcles
radius is r then
The force<gaya> that move the particle to a higher stress is:

Water:
It differ to the humid/wet particle.
Water is there in the oil naturally, in normal operation the equipment
will keep the humidity around 10%.
The electric field makes the water move as a canal and if it high
enough then caused breakdown.

Bubble (gelembung):
Bubble with gas inside usually generated by a sharp edge electrode,
they have lower insulation ability than the oil.
When the field in the gas bubble higher than more bubble produce , and
eventually will bridge the two electrodes.

Solid insulation Breakdown

SOLID INSULATION MATERIAL:

CERAMIC/PORSELEN
GLASS
KERTAS
POLYMER

CERAMIC/PORCELEN
The basic
components are:

clay, fine sand

quartz and
feldspar.
Fillers :Alumina and
cristobalite
Glazing is used to:
smooth the insulator surface
improve hydrophobicity
increase the mechanical strength

GLASS
Has been used since the 19th century for telegraph line
The Basic Component is: quarzt

Designs are similar to the ceramic

Productions process (ceramic& glass)

CLAY + ADDITIVE

MOULDED

DRIED

OVEN

QUARTZ

HEATED AT MELTING POINT

MOULDED

COLDED/DRIED
TOUGHENED

COATING/GLAZING

ABOVE GLASS TRANSITION POINT

BELOW SOFTENING POINT

CERAMIC AND GLASS

BRITTLE/FRAGILE
HEAVY
HIGH INSTALATION COST
LOW MECHANICAL STRESS (GLASS)
GOOD HYDROPHOBICITY
WEATHERPROOF
HYDROPHOBICITY:
THE ABILITY TO DISALLOW/REFUSE WATER ON ITS SURFACE