CELL

STRUCTURE
Cell Wall

LOCATION DESCRIPT FUNCTION

ION
Plant, Fungi, &
Bacteria, but not
animal cells

All cells

Nucleus

All cells except

prokaryotes

Cell Membrane

Outer layer
Rigid &
strong

Made of
cellulose

Plant inside cell

wall
Animal outer
layer;
cholesterol
Double
layer of
phospholip
ids with
proteins
Selectively
permeable
Large,
oval
May
contain 1
or more
nucleoli
Holds
DNA

Support
(grow tall)
Protection
allows
H2O, O2,
CO2 to
diffuse in
& out of
cell
Support
Protection
Controls
movement
of
materials
in/out of
cell
Barrier
between
cell and its
environme
nt
Maintains
homeostasi
s
Controls
cell
activities
Contains
the
hereditary
material of
the cell

All cells except

prokaryotes

Surrounds
nucleus
Double
membrane

Selectively
permeable

Clear,
thick,
jellylike
material
(cytosol)
Organelles
found
inside cell
membrane

Controls
movement
of
materials
in/out of
nucleus

Supports
and
protects
cell
organelles

Carries
materials
through
cell

Aids in
making
proteins

Nuclear membrane
All cells

Cytoplasm

Endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)

All cells except

prokaryotes

Contains
the
cytoskelet
on fibers
Network
of tubes or
membrane
s
Smooth
w/o
ribosomes
Rough
with
embedded
ribosomes
Connects
to nuclear
envelope
& cell
membrane

Ribosome

All cells

Small bodies
free or attached
to ER

Mitochondrion

All cells except

prokaryotes

Vacuole

Plant cells have

a single, large
vacuole

Animal cells have

small vacuoles

Lysosome

Plant uncommon
Animal - common

Made of
rRNA &
protein
Peanut
shaped
Double
membrane
Outer
membrane
smooth
Inner
membrane
folded into
cristae
Fluidfilled sacs
Largest
organelle
in plant
cells

Small and
round with
a single
membrane

Synthesize
s proteins

Breaks
down
sugar
(glucose)
molecules
to release
energy

Site of
aerobic
cellular
respiration
Store food,
water,
metabolic
& toxic
wastes

Store large
amounts of
food or
sugars in
plants
Breaks
down
larger food
molecules
into
smaller
molecules
Digests old
cell parts

Chloroplast

Plants and algae

nucleolus

All cells except

prokaryotes

Golgi Apparatus

All cells except

prokaryotes

Green,
oval
containing
chlorophyl
l (green
pigment)
Double
membrane
with inner
membrane
modified
into sacs
called
thylakoids
Stacks of
thylakoids
called
grana &
interconne
cted
Gel like
innermost
substance
called
stroma
Found
inside the
cell's
nucleus
May have
more than
one
Disappear
during cell
division
Stacks of
flattened
sacs

Uses
energy
from sun
to make
food
(glucose)
for the
plant
Process
called
photosynth
esis

Release
oxygen

Make
ribosomes

Have a cis
& trans
face
Modify
proteins
made by
the cells

Cilia

Animal cells,
Protozoans

Package &
export
proteins

Have a 9-2
arrangeme
nt of
microtubul
es
Short, but
numerous

Movement

Have a 9-2
arrangeme
nt of
microtubul
es

Movement

Long, but
few in
number
Paired
structures
near the
nucleus

Separate
chromoso
me pairs
during
mitosis

Flagellum

Centrioles

Bacterial cells &

Protozoans

Animal cells

Made of a
cylinder of
microtubul
e pairs