Chng 3.

Chng n mn bng phng php bo v catt

3.1. M u
C s l thuyt ca phng php bo v catt v n mn in ha.
H thng bo v catt gm 3 b phn:
- kt cu cn c bo v (cathode),
- ant cung cp s bo v, v
- cht in phn (chng hn nh nc bin).
Thng thng c 2 loi ant c s dng.
Ant hy sinh c ch to t hp kim km, nhm hoc cc vt liu tng t l
nhng kim loi mnh hn so vi st hoc thp trong dy galvanic. Do vy, cc ant hy
sinh s b n mn ti v tr ca kt cu cn c bo v (Hnh 1).

Hnh 1. Anode hy sinh

Impressed current anodes appl y a potential difference by means of an external
power supply, Fig. lb. During the electrochemical corrosion process, several
anodic (oxidation) and cathodic (reduction) reactions occur.
Ant dng in ngoi thit lp s chnh lch hiu in th bng thit b cung cp
in t bn ngoi (Hnh 2). Trong qu trnh n mn in ha cc phn ng oxi ha
ant (oxidation) v phn ng kh (reduction) catt xy ra.

Hnh 1. Anode dng in ngoi

Trang 1/7

Phng php s dng anode hy sinh:

Dng kim loi (hay hp kim) ng trc trong chui in phn to ra
in th bo v ngn cn phn ng in ha xy ra kim loi cn bo v.
Phng php s dng dng in cng bc
Nguyn l tng t nh trn, nhng s dng dng in ngoi c sn

Phn ng oxi ha c bn trong n mn cng trnh bin l:

(1)
v phn ng kh c bn l:

(2)
Khi kt cu c kim sot bng h thng bo v catt thch hp th phn ng ant
(n mn) c chuyn t kt cu sang ant hy sinh hoc ant s dng dng in
ngoi.
Dng in s ngc li vi qu trnh in ha ny v kt cu tr thnh catt ni xy
ra phn ng (2). Trong trng hp ant hy sinh (chng hn km), vt liu lm ant
tan ra do s chnh lch in th sn c gia ant v kt cu.
Tuy nhin, vic s dng "tr" cho anode trong bo v cathode bng dng in gy
ra mt phn ng to kh (tc l hydrogen) xy ra trn anode (m khng lm n mn
kim loi) v phn ng cc m (cathodic reaction) xy ra trn cu trc c bo v.
Mt khi nim quan trng na trong vic bo v ca-tt l c mt th nng (th nng
nhit ng hi phc) ti thiu phi c vt qu trc khi bt k phn ng xy ra
(v do trc khi dng in bt k c th xy ra).
m t mt h thng bo v cathode bng ton hc, khng phi ch l lp
phng trnh biu din dng in truyn qua mi trng (v d nh nc bin), m
cn cn lp nn cc phng trnh biu din cc phn ng in cc.
Cc hnh thc ca phng php bo v catt

Trang 2/7

Hnh 2. Bo v catt bng dng in ngoi

Hnh 1. Bo v catt bng ant hy

sinh
p dng thc t: kt hp vi sn ph

3.2. Bo v catt bng ant hy sinh

Hai yu cu c bn ca thit k:
- Tng khi lng tnh ca Ant phi p ng nhu cu dng in tng cng
trong sut i sng thit k.
- B mt tip xc vi bn ngoi ca Ant phi cung cp dng in yu cu
cui i sng thit k (khu vc phi p ng nhu cu dng in kt
thc cuc sng thit k, b mt tip xc vi bn ngoi ca Ant c tnh t kch
thc ban u Ant, khi lng tnh, v h s s dng ant).
Ni dung bi ton thit k ant hy sinh:
S liu thit k:
* Loi Protector
* Cc thng s bo v ca Anode thit k :
+ in dung ca anode (A.h/kg) ([1], Bng 10.6)
+ H s s dng ca anode u ([1], Bng 10.8)
+ Tui th thit k tf = X nm (theo n hng)
* Cc thng s v kt cu cn bo v: bn v thit k
Tnh ton s lng Anode :
Cc iu kin tnh ton s lng Anode theo [1]:
iu kin 1: Tng khi lng Anode ln hn khi lng yu cu Ma theo mc
7.7.1, trang 17, [1]:
M N.m M a

Icm t f 8760
(kg)
u.

(1)

trong :
Icm - Dng in yu cu trung bnh, c xc nh theo mc 7.4.1, [1]:

Ic ic .fc .A c
Trang 3/7

vi:

ic - Mt dng in thit k (A/m2), ph thuc nhit mi trng v

su nc bin (tra bng 10.2, [1])
fc - H s ph hy sn (mc 6.4.2, [1]): fc a b.t
a, b - Cc thng s ph thuc vo c tnh ca sn v su nc (tra bng
10.4, [1]).
t t f - Tui th cng trnh (nm).
Ac - Din tch b mt kt cu cn bo v (m2).
t f - Tui th thit k (nm)
u - H s s dng anode
- in dung n v ca anode (A.h/kg).
8760: S gi s dng/nm
iu kin 2 ([1], mc 7.8.4): Dng in cung cp ban u ca anode ( Ia tot i )
phi ln hn dng in yu cu trong sut i sng cng trnh ( Ici ), tc l:
(2)

Ia tot i N.Iai Ici

trong Iai - dng in cung cp ban u ca mt anode.

iu kin 3 ([1], mc 7.8.4): Dng in cung cp sau thi gian khai thc t f
(nm) ca anode ( Ia tot f ) phi ln hn dng in yu cu trong sut i sng cng trnh
( Icf ) , tc l:

Ia tot f N.Iaf Icf

(3)
Dng in cung cp ban u v sau thi gian khai thc t f (nm) ca mt anode
l (mc 7.8.2, [1]):

E 0c E 0a
Ia i
R ai

Ia f

E 0c E 0a

R af

trong :

E 0c - Th in cc bo v ti thiu bo v thp trn khi b n mn (mc 5.4, [1]):

E 0c 0,8V
E 0a - Th in cc thit k ti u anode theo nh cc so snh Ag/AgCl/nc bin,
E 0a 1,05V
R ai , R af - in tr ban u v sau thi gian khai thc t f (nm) ca anode, ph thuc
vo loi anode, xc nh theo bng 10.7 v mc 7.9.2, [1].
Theo bng 10.7, [1], R ai , R af c tnh ton theo cc cng thc v ph thuc vo
L - chiu di anode, - mt in tr ca mi trng, bn knh c trng ca anode.
Trang 4/7

iu kin 4 ([1], mc 7.8.4): in dung cung cp tng cng ca Anode

( Ca tot ) phi ln hn in dung yu cu nh sau:

Ca tot N.Ca Icm .t f .8760

(4)
(5)

Ca ma ..u
Trnh t xc nh s lng Anode theo cc iu kin ca [1]
- Bc 1: T iu kin (1), s lng anode l : N1

Ma
vi m - khi lng
m

ca mt anode chn. Xc nh in dung cung cp ca 01 anode theo cng

thc (5)
Bc 2: Vi s lng anode chn bc 1, thc hin kim tra cc iu
kin 2, 3 v 4.
+ iu kin 2: Ia tot i N.Iai Ici
+ iu kin 3:
+ iu kin 4:

Ia tot f N.Iaf Icf

Ca tot N.Ca Icm .t f .8760

Nu mt trong 3 iu kin kim tra khng tha mn th phi chn li loi anode.
B tr lp t anode trn cng trnh
Vic lp t cc anode phi tun theo cc ch dn ca Tiu chun, [3]. V d,
i vi Jacket khong cch t anode n cc nt khng c nh hn
600mm.
Ti liu thit k
Bo co chi tit (mc 7.13, [1]) bao gm cc mc sau y:
Thit k c s (bao gm c tham chiu n tt c cc chi tit k thut d n c
lin quan, m s v cc tiu chun).
Tnh ton din tch b mt (bao gm c ti liu tham kho cho tt c cc bn
v c lin quan, bao gm sa i s).
Tnh ton dng in cn c (ban u / cui i sng cng trnh)
- Tnh ton dng in r r (nu c), (ban u / cui i sng cng trnh v
trung bnh)
Cc tnh ton khi lng tnh yu cu ti thiu anode
Tnh ton in tr Anode (ban u v / hoc cui i sng cng trnh)
Tnh ton s lng ti thiu ca anodes yu cu (bao gm c dng in anode
v in dung ban u v cui i sng ca h thng)
Tnh ton khi lng anode mng da trn s lng yu cu
ca anode (nu c cao hn so vi khi lng yu cu anode net)
Cch tnh dng in tng cng da trn s lng v loi / kch thc c
lp t
D kin anode thit k (bao gm c cc quy nh c bit cho cu trc ton
Trang 5/7

vn v s lin tc ca dng in. Mi yu cu cc yu t s dng cao hn cc

gi tr mc nh trong Bng 10-8 s c nh du).
Bn v b tr Anode
Cc quy nh lin tc ca dng in, bao gm c cch kim tra (nu c th).
3.3. Bo v catt bng dng in ngoi
* S nguyn l:

* Vt liu Anode: S dng cc vt liu bn, tr: Than ch, st-Silic (hight silicon cast
iron),bch kim, gm ph oxt;
- i vi anode t trong t th t lp thng c b sung thm than tng
tnh dn in v d thot kh;
* Dng in cng bc c th ly t ngun in li 1 pha hay 3 pha, qua thit b nn
dng thnh 1 chiu;
- Ngoi ra, c th s dng cc ngun khc nh phong in, in mt tri
Ni dung ca tnh ton theo phng php chng n mn bng dng in ngoi:
- Xc nh tng dng in yu cu
- Xc nh tng in tr
- Xc nh in th ca ngun in ngoi: V=I.R
Trong ti liu Introduction to Cathodic Protection - J. Paul Guyer, et all trnh
by 13 bc tnh ton v thit k h thng bo v catt bng dng in ngoi.
3.4. So snh gia 2 phng php bo v bng ant hy sinh v
bo v catt bng dng in ngoi
Phng php chng n mn
bng ant hy sinh
- Khng yu cu dng in ngoi
- H thng n gin (khng cn ngun
in, bin p, dy dn v.v)
- H thng lm vic tt khi in tr ca
mi trng thp, cng trnh c sn k,
cng trnh c th tip cn c, sn ph
khng b hng qu nhiu sau 5-10 nm
- C th lp t d dng trn cc cng
trnh di ng

Phng php chng n mn

bng dng in ngoi
- C th thit k vi in p v dng in
ln
- Cung cp c cng sut bo v ln
(Ampere/nm)
- Cung cp din tch bo v ln
- C th iu chnh dng in v in p
bo v ph hp vi s thay i ca
mi trng v cng trnh
- C th d dng kim tra dng in v
in p bo v

Trang 6/7

- C th p dng cho cng trnh khng

c sn ph hoc sn ph km.

* Mt s trng hp khng dng anode hy sinh do nhng yu t sau:

Do dng cung cp bi anode hn ch;
Thng thng khng th bo v b mt thp ln khng sn ph;
Gi thnh anode c th cao;
Khi din tch bo v tng ln, anode khng p ng c yu cu bo v;
Dng in cung cp bi anode c th gim theo thi gian do s pht trin ca
to, bn, cht lng ng;
Kh kim tra s hot ng ca anode hy sinh.

Ti liu tham kho

-

Recommended Practice DNV-RP-B401: CATHODIC PROTECTION DESIGN,

January 2005
DNV-RP-B101_CORROSION PROTECTION OF FLOATING
PRODUCTION AND STORAGE UNITS_2007
API RP 2A-WSD - Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and
Constructing Fixed Offshore PlatformsWorking Stress Design_Oct 2007

Trang 7/7

23 - 41 Willowdale Place, Aberdeen, AB24 5AQ

AF Defender Anodes Al-Zn-In

Aluminium Anodes - Sub-sea Structure, Harbour walls& Jetties (2)
Examples of Central Core extension or cow horn design
Anode
Code

Anode

Anode

Length

Width

(mm)
AFA 1190

(mm)

Anode
Depth
(mm)

Core
Diameter
(mm)

Anode
Weight (kg)
Net/Gross*

1530

184

159

60

119/131

AFA 1190

1526

184

159

25

119/127

AFA 1200

2600

135

135

40

120/155

AFA 1480

2200

145

145

40

148/182

AFA 1480

2750

160

162

60

148/167

AFA 1680

2550

185

185

114

168/230

AFA 2400

2622

210

210

114

240/305

AFA 2600

2295

210

220

60

260/280

AFA 3300

2372

252

244

114

330/390

AFA 4350

2910

254

257

114

565/640

Anode materials/ manufacturing according to Det Norske Veritas DNV RP B401

* gross weight with 150mm core extensions each end (as shown in solid). Other
insert bend configurations and tubular inserts available.

Defender aluminium sacrificial anodes can be custom designed to suit

your application. We offer a selection of alloys, dimensions and inserts to
suit your corrosion protection and fabrication requirements.

Contact us to discuss your requirements

www.aberdeenfoundries.co.uk

Tel: 01224 635435

Sales@Aberdeenfoundries.co.uk

Fax 01224 624377

Aluminium and Zinc Castings Aluminium Offshore Anodes Zinc & Al Marine Hull Anodes
Tank Anodes Pipeline Anodes Down-hole Centralisers and Clamps Ballast Weights
06/06/2005 Rev 5.0Al data cowc

23 - 41 Willowdale Place, Aberdeen, AB24 5AQ

AF Defender Rigid Pipe

Aluminium Bracelet Anodes

Examples
Anode
Code

Design
Examples

Anode ID
(mm)

Anode
OD
(mm)

Length
(mm)

Anode
Weight (kg)
Net/Gross

AFA B 200

114

194

416

20/25

AFA B200

235

335

240

20/25

AFA B350

328

408

290

35/42

AFA B350

435

515

280

35/47.5

AFA B550

520

610

310

55/69

570

660

295

55/71

512

592

450

61/85

363

453

860

75/90

411

491

804

120/142

Anode ID
(mm)

Anode
OD
(mm)

Length
(mm)

Anode
Weight (kg)
Net/Gross

AFA B186

168

244

368

18.6/20.4

AFA B399

219

307

413

39.9/42.2

AFA B350

435

515

280

35/47.5

AFA B550

520

610

310

55/69

AFA B550

550

640

300

55/69.5

614

754

400

142/162

Rigid pipes

AFA B550
AFA B610
AFA B790

Fully Bolt on
or One side Hinges
Tapered ends
Coninuity straps;
Epoxy coat inside
neoprene liner optional

AFA B1200

Anode
Code

AFA B1420

Design Examples

Rigid Pipes

Weld On / Square end

* All weights and dimensions are nominal

Material Specification:
AF Defender G3 AF Al-Zn-In-Si anode alloy
Fe
Si
Cu
Zn
In
Others
Al
0.12 max.
0.08-0.21
0.006 max.
2.8 6.5
0.01 0.02
0.02 max
remainder
Potential 1.09* Volts Ag/AgCl
Capacity (Amp Hrs) 2540* per Kg min Density 2750Kg/m3
* AFDefender G3 alloy performance Data for long term test by DNV Certificate No S-4190 to DNV RP B401 Appendix B

Call us on 01224 635435 for all your anode requirements.

Fax: 01224 624377

Aluminium and Zinc Castings Aluminium Offshore Anodes Zinc & Al Marine Hull Anodes
Tank Anodes Pipeline Anodes Down-hole Centralisers and Clamps Ballast Weights
AFA_Bracelet_Anodes_Sheet_2_RigidPipe_B1_rev1.doc