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Footings 3
Footings 3
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28
Use f c = 300 kg / cm 2 , f y = 4200 kg / cm 2 , q all ( gross ) = 2.0 kg / cm 2 , soil = 1.7 t / m3 , and
D f = 2.0 m .
A1req =
B =1 m, and L = 1.85 m.
A2 req =
PB
45
=
= 2.78 m 2
q all (net ) 16.2
B =1 m, and L = 2.80 m.
Overlapping of the two footings occurs, ruling out isolated footings as appropriate of footing
types. A combined footing will be used instead.
Areq =
PA + PB
q all (net )
Areq =
20 + 10 + 30 + 15
= 4.63 m 2
16.2
To locate the resultant of the column forces, replace the column load system with a resultant force
system, or
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29
PB (2.1) = R ( x1 ) , or 45 (2.1) = (30 + 45)( x1 ) and x1 = 1.26 m
x2 = 2.1 1.26 = 0.84 m
l1 + x1 = l 2 + x2 , or
l 2 l1 = x1 x2 = 0.42 m
(a)
4.63
= 4.63 m , taken as 4.65 m
1.0
(b)
2
f ' c 1 + bo d
Vc =
2
(286.8 )(41.7 ) / 1000 = 164.68 tons
40 / 20
f ' c bo d
Vc = 0.27 s + 2
b
o
f ' c bo d
29
286.8
30
Vc = 155.36 tons > 49.16 tons
Column A:
The factored shear force
Vu = 40 (21.51)(0.717 )(0.617 )= 30.48 tons
bo = 2 (71.7 + 61.7 ) = 266.8 cm
2
f ' c 1 + bo d
Vc =
f ' c bo d
d
Vc = 0.27 s + 2
bo
f ' c bo d
Vc = 144.53 tons
266.8
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31
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Figure 11.13: (continued); (b) Footing dimensions; (c) factored soil
pressure; (d) shearing force diagram; (e) bending moment diagram
6- Check footing thickness for beam shear:
Vc = 0.75 (0.53 ) 300 (100 )(41.7 ) / 1000 = 28.71 tons
Maximum factored shear force Vu is located at distance d from the exterior face of column B,
Vu = 18.66 tons < 28.71 tons O.K.
7- Compute the area of flexural reinforcement:
a. Bottom longitudinal reinforcement:
=
0.85 (300 )
2.353 (10 )5 (23.72 )
1 1
= 0.0037
4200
0.9 (100 )(41.7 ) 2 (300 )
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32
(0.701)(1.0 ) 2 2
2
0.85 (300)
2.353 (10 )5 (3.2 )
1 1
= 0.00076
4200
0.9 (70.1)(40.1) 2 (300)
(0.801)(1.0 ) 2 2
2
0.85 (300)
2.353(10 )5 (4.8 )
1 1
= 0.0010
4200
0.9 (80.1)(40.1)2 (300)
> 40 tons
> 60 tons
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cb is the smaller of:
7.5 + 0.8 = 8.3 cm , or
100 15 1.6
= 5.21 cm , i.e., cb = 5.21 cm
8 (2 )
cb + Ktr 5.21 + 0
=
= 3.26
db
1.6
ld =
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Example (11.5):
Design a combined footing, to support two columns A and B spaced at distance 6.0 m center-tocenter as shown in Figure 11.14.a. Column A is 40 cm 40 cm and carries a dead load of 50 tons
and a live load of 30 tons. Column B is also 40 cm 40 cm in cross section but carries a dead
load of 70 tons and a live load of 50 tons.
Use f c = 250 kg / cm 2 , f y = 4200 kg / cm 2 , and q all (net ) = 1 .50 kg / cm 2 .
PA + PB
q all (net )
Areq =
50 + 30 + 70 + 50
=13.33 m2
15.0
13.33
=1.75 m , taken as 1.80 m.
7.60
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PBu = 1.20 (70 ) + 1.60 (50 ) = 164 tons
P +P
108 + 164
qu (net ) = Au Bu =
= 19.88 t / m2
LB
7.60 (1.80 )
4- Check footing thickness for punching shear:
Effective depth d = 80 7.5 0.90 = 71.60 cm (lower layer)
2
f ' c 1 + bo d
Vc =
f ' c bo d
Vc = 0.27 s + 2
bo
f ' c bo d
263.2
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Vc = 0.53
2
f ' c 1 + bo d
Vc =
f ' c bo d
Vc = 0.27 s + 2
bo
f ' c bo d
446.4
(c)
(d)
(e)
Figure 11.14: (continued); (c) Factored soil pressure; (d) shearing force
diagram (not to scale); (e) bending moment diagram (not to scale)
6- Check footing thickness for beam shear:
Effective depth d = 80 7.5 0.90 = 71.60 cm (lower layer)
Vc = 0.75 (0.53) 250 (180 )(71.60 ) / 1000 = 81.0 tons
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Maximum factored shear force Vu is located at distance d from the left face of column B,
Vu = 81.06 tons 81.0 tons
7- Compute the areas of flexural reinforcement:
a- Top longitudinal reinforcement:
=
0.85 (250 )
2.353 (10 )5 (141.47 )
1 1
= 0.00423
2
4200
(
0
.
9
)
180
(
71
.
6
)
(
250
)
108
(0.7505 ) 1.8 0.4 = 14.70 t .m
(0.7505 )(1.80 ) 2 2
2
0.85 (250 )
2.353 (10 )5 (14.70 )
1 1
= 0.0011
2
4200
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
75
.
05
0
.
9
70
.
1
250
Under Column B:
M Bu =
37
(1.101)(1.80 ) 2 2
2
38
0.85 (250 )
2.353 (10 )5 (22.32 )
= 0.0011
1 1
2
4200
(
)(
)
(
)
0
.
9
110
.
1
70
.
1
250
cb + Ktr 4.29 + 0
=
= 2.145
db
2.0
ld =
cb + Ktr 6.81 + 0
=
= 4.26
db
1.6
ld =
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Available length = 120 + 11.5 7.5 = 124 cm > 38.86 cm
10- Prepare neat design drawings showing footing dimensions and provided
reinforcement:
Detailed design drawing is shown in Figure 11.14.g.
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