Capacity of the Transformer, Sref in MVA

System Voltage in kV
Transformer % Impedance
HV Side CT - primary in Amps
HV Side CT - secondary in Amps
LV Side CT - primary in Amps
LV Side CT - secondary in Amps
HV Side Voltage
LV side Voltage
OLTC Range
Vector Group
Rated current of the Transformer HV side in Amps
Rated current of the Transformer at HV Side in
Secondary, Iref
Amplitude matching factor of HV side
Rated current of the Transformer LV side in Amps
Rated current of the Transformer at Sec. Side in
Secondary, Iref
Amplitude matching factor of LV side
The Recommended seting
Idiff>
Idiff>>
m1
m2
The base value for m2
The stability check is performed for the following
cases
1.The 20 MVA Transformer is fully loaded at
-7.5% tap
2.The20 MVA Transformer is fully loaded at
+7.5% tap
3. The 20 MVA Transformer through fault stability
at -7.5% tap & +7.5% tap.
1

Stability of 20MVA Transformer at full load and

under operation at -7.5% tap:
Transformer load
Transformer HV Side (33kV) current in Amps
Equivalent secondary current at HV Side (33kV)
in Amps
Transformer HV Side (33kV) current in Iref, Amp

Transformer LV Side (6.9kV) current in Amps

Equivalent secondary current at LV Side (6.9kV)
in Iref, Amps
Transformer LV side (6.9kV) current in Iref
Differential current at -7.5% tap position
Restraining current at -7.5% tap position
Considering the recommended setting the
operating current calculation.
The differential current = 0.075A & the
Bias current = 1.042A
The Differential current required for the relay to operate
= Idiff> (1-0.5 * Bias setting) + (Bias Setting *Bias
Current)
The Differential current required for the relay to
operate in Amps
Stability backup calculation in through fault
condition:
The Fault MVA
Through Fault current on the HV side in Amps
Equivalent secondary current on the HV side in
Amps
Through fault Current of HV Side in Iref in Amps
Through fault current on the LV side in Amps
Equivalent secondary current on the LV side in
Amps
Through fault LV side current in Iref
Tap Position +7.5%
Through fault current on HV side at Max. tap
position in Amps
Equivalent secondary current on the HV side in
Amps
Through fault Current of HV Side in Iref in Amps
Differential current in Max. tap position, Idiff in
Amps
Restraining Current in Max. tap position in Amps
Considering the recommended setting the
operating current calculation.
The differential current = 0.675 A & the Bias current =
9.63 A
The Differential current required for the relay to operate
= Idiff> (1-0.5 * m1) + (m2 * Bias current)
+(IR,m2 * (m1-m2))
The Differential current required for the relay to
operate in Amps

REF PROTECTION
CT References for LV REF Protection:
Transformer Capacity in MVA
Transformer % Impedance
LV Phase side CT reference- primary
LV Phase side CT reference- secondary
LV Neutral side CT reference- primary
LV Neutral side CT reference- secondary
LV Side Voltage reference in kV
REF Settings:
Maximum Fault Current in Amps
Equivalent Fault Current in Sec. in Amps
Maximum Earth fault current in Amps (As per
Grounding Resistor rating)

REF Pickup current in Amps

Equivalent secondary current in Amps Is
Rstab calculation:
Rct value of CT in Ohms(from drawings) Rct
Assuming a lead length of 100mtrs of 2.5 sqmm copper cable with a resistance of 7.8
Lead resistance in Ohms RL
Voltage developed during fault across the relay
Vs in Volts
Stabalizing resisitor value in Ohms
Rstab
Requirment of metrosil
Vp PEAK VALUECAN BE ESTIMATED BY
Vf voltage due to internal fault equivalent to
secondry fault

Vp

20
33/6.9
10
1000
1
2500
1
33
6.9
7.50%
Dyn11
350
0.35
2.8571428571
1673.5
0.6694
1.493875112

0.2
8
0.25
0.5
2.5

20
0.3782913714
0.378
1.079946

1673.5
0.6694
1.0041
0.075846
1.042023

0.3884

200
3.4991951851 3499.2 A
3.4992
9.9972144
16.7352813201 16735.2A
6.69408
9.9741792

3.2550652885 3255A
3.255
9.299535
0.675
9.6365

20
10
2000
1
2000
1
6.9
16.7352813201 16735.2A
8.3676
400
10% of maximum
earth fault current

40
0.02

8
sqmm copper cable with a resistance of 7.81 Ohms/km.

Fault current * (Rct + 2RL)

79.93832

Vs/Is

3996.916

2*under root of(2*Vk(Vf-Vk))

If(Rct+2Rl+Rstab)
33492.668
9215 21230080