Professional Documents
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Fin 692415150
Fin 692415150
林家彬
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“4G” Design Challenges
Although 3G is an important first step, several
basic issues still need to be addressed for next
generation wireless systems:
Fast/reliable broadband radios (PHY/MAC) with QoS
~100 Kbps 1-10 Mbps with adaptivity, link reliability & Qos
Scalable system capacity for mass-market services
high service penetration implies ~Gbps/Sq-Km
Integration of multiple radio technologies into single IP network
unified mobility architecture
New networking modes, e.g. multicast, multihop & peer-to-peer
...lower-cost infrastructure, networks that grow organically
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4G System Issues
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4G System Issues: Scaling of
Capacity
The grand vision of ubiquitous wireless
and pervasive computing leads to a
serious capacity problem.
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4G System Issues: Scaling of
Capacity (cont.)
2G cellular:
avail BW ~ 5 Mhz, spectral eff ~ 0.2-0.3 bps/Hz
max capacity ~ 100 Kbps avg, 1 Mbps peak (with packet
MAC) per sq-Km
3G Cellular:
avail BW ~ 25 Mhz, spectral eff ~ 0.3-0.5 bps/Hz
max capacity ~ 1 Mbps avg, 10 Mbps peak (with packet
MAC) per sq-Km
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4G System Issues: Evolution of
Radio Speed vs. Moore’s Law
4G systems can exploit Moore’s law advances in
radio speed, but need to work with shorter range...
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4G System Issues: Protocol
Evolution
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Selected Concepts for 4G
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Potential “4G” Network Ideas
A few techniques for achieving the 4G design goals discussed
earlier:
3G/WLAN Hot-Spots
Use of WLAN in hot-spots for lower system cost, better end-
user performance and more total capacity
Infostations
Use of “radio caches” for significant reduction in average cost
per bit, facilitating qualitatively new mobile services
Self-organizing, ad-hoc wireless access networks
Ad-hoc wireless network protocols which support multihop
and peer-to-peer service models, particularly for low-tier uses
(in-home, sensors, etc.)
Content-based multicasting
...new network service paradigms for location- and person-
aware information delivery to mobiles
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Self-organizing, ad-hoc
networks for 4G
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4G Mobile Network features
Some desirable new features for 4G
networks are:
Unified IP-based protocol architecture with
support for multiple radios
Multicasting, caching and security features, etc.
Hierarchical support of high-tier (cellular), med
tier (WLAN) and low-tier (personal area, sensor
nets)
Self-organizing, ad-hoc wireless discovery &
routing
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4G Mobile Networks: Hierarchy &
Self-Organization
Hierarchical, self-organizing network
concept currently under consideration,
based on:
3 service tiers (cellular, WLAN, personal area)
BS’s, AP’s, FN’s (forwarding radio nodes),
user devices
automatic discovery and power management
protocols
hierarchical, ad-hoc multi-hop routing
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4G Mobile Networks: “network of
wireless networks”
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4G Mobile Networks: An Experimental
Testbed
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Compare 3G & 4G
Comparison of 3G and 4G
3G:
--Back compatible to 2G.
--Circuit and packet switched networks.
--Combination of existing & evolved equipment.
--Data rate (up to 2Mbps).
4G:
--Extend 3G capacity.
--Entirely packet switched networks.
--All network elements are digital.
--Higher bandwidth (up to 100Mbps).
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The NEWS about 4G
ASIA : South Korean is already arranging an auction of 4G wireless licenses
across wireless
and broadband internet.
• Successful Demo
of Beyond-3G Wireless IP
• NEC Europe Ltd announced the successful completion of the three-year
“Moby Dick Project”, aimed at developing a seamless converged mobile
network architecture based on Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6).
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• 4G Wireless 10 Years Away
• 4G? Not in this decade. “I would recommend that the newspaper
community forget about 4G,” Dr Keiji Tachikawa, president and
CEO of NTT DoCoMo
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