General Chemistry

Principles and Modern Applications

Petrucci • Harwood • Herring
8th Edition

Chapter 1: Matter—Its Properties and

Measurement

Philip Dutton
University of Windsor, Canada

Prentice-Hall © 2002

Slide 1 of 19 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Prentice-Hall © 2002

 Contents

 Physical properties and states of matter

 Système International Units
 Uncertainty and significant figures
 Dimensional analysis

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Slide 2 of 19 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Prentice-Hall © 2002

 Properties of Matter

ter: Occupies space, has mass and inertia

mposition: Parts or components

ex. H2O, 11.9% H and 88.81% O

perties: Distinguishing features

physical and chemical properties

Slide 3 of 19 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Prentice-Hall © 2002

 States of Matter

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 1_15
Classification of Matter
Matter
(materials)

Physical processes
Substances Mixtures

Chemical Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Elements Compounds mixtures
reactions mixtures
(solutions)

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 Separations

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 Separating Mixtures
Chromatography
Chromatography
1_17

Substances to
be separated
mixture
dissolved in liquid

Pure
liquid

A B C

Slide 7 of 19 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Prentice-Hall © 2002

 Significant Figures
Count from left from
Adding and subtracting.
first non-zero digit.

Number Significant Use the number of decimal

Figures places in the number with the
6.29 g 3 fewest decimal places.
0.00348 g 3
1.14
9.0 2 0.6
1.0  10-8 2 11.676
100 eggs infinit
13.416  13.4
100 g ebad
 = 3.14159 notation
various

Slide 8 of 19 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Prentice-Hall © 2002

 Significant figures

Multiplying and dividing. Rounding Off

Use the fewest significant 3rd digit is increased if

figures. 4th digit  5

Report to 3 significant.figures.
0.01208  0.236
10.235  10.2
= 0.512 12.4590  12.5
19.75  19.8
= 5.12  10-3 15.651  15.7
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 Units
S.I. Units Other Common Units
Length metre, m Length Angstrom, Å, 10-8 cm
Mass Kilogram, kg Volume Litre, L, 10-3 m3
Time second, s Energy Calorie, cal, 4.184 J
Temperature Kelvin, K Pressure
Quantity Mole, 6.022×1023 mol-1 1 Atm = 1.064 x 102 kPa
1 Atm = 760 mm Hg
Derived Quantities
Force Newton, kg m s-2
Pressure Pascal, kg m-1 s-2
Eenergy Joule, kg m2 s-2

Slide 10 of 19 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Prentice-Hall © 2002

Slide 11 of 19 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Prentice-Hall © 2002
 Temperature

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 Relative Temperatures

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 Volume

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 Density

= m/V
m=VV=m/
g/mL
Mass and volume are extensive properties
Density is an intensive property
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 Conversion
What is the mass of a cube of osmium that is 1.25
inches on each side?

Have volume, need density = 22.48g/cm3

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 Wrong units

The Gimli Glider, Q86, p30

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 Uncertainties

• Systematic errors.
– Thermometer constantly 2°C too low.
• Random errors
– Limitation in reading a scale.
• Precision
– Reproducibility of a measurement.
• Accuracy
– How close to the real value.

Slide 18 of 19 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Prentice-Hall © 2002

 End of Chapter Questions

1, 3, 5, 12, 14, 17,

18, 20, 30, 41, 49,
50, 61, 72, 74, 79

Slide 19 of 19 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Prentice-Hall © 2002