CHAPTER 1: MATTER

MATTER:
anything that has mass & occupies space
ATOMIC NO(Z):
Proton no in nucleus of each atom
Proton no = no of electron no
MASS NO/ nucleon no (A):
total no of proton & neutron
ISOTOPES:
aatoms having same atomic no but
different mass number
IONS:
an atom/group of atom that has a net +/-
charge
 MASS SPECTROMETER:
Technique to determine RAM & relative abundance of isotopes

VAPORISATION CHAMBER To vaporise the sample to form gas particle

IONISATION CHAMBER The gaseous sample is bombarded by a stream high-energy ē to
produce + ion
ACCELERATION CHAMBER The + ions are accelerated by 2charged plates as they pass through
it
MAGNETIC FIELD Magnetic field deflect the beams of + ions into circular path
according to their mass/charge ratio
ION DETECTOR Ion arrived- register current for each type of ion
 AVERAGE ATOMIC MASS
ATOMIC MASS •Average of mass of its naturally
•Mass of atom in amu occuring isotopes weighted according
•Also called atomic weight to their abundance
•Mass standard=mass of C-12 atom=12amu

MOLAR MASS
MOLE CONCEPT •Mass of subtace per mole of its
•Amount of substance dat contains same no entities
of entities as there are atoms in exactly in 12g •Unit: g/mol or g
of C-12

Atomic mass(amu) = molar mass(g)

MOLECULAR MASS
•Sum of atomic masses in amu in a molecules Molecular mass(amu) = molar mass (g)
•Unit: amu

RAM: RMM:

LIMITTING REACTANT % YIELD (g/mol)

•Reactant that is completely consumed in a
reaction & limit the product formed
 CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTIONS MOLARITY
SOLUTION: homogenous mixture of
2/more substances
SOLUTE: subtance present in the smaller
amount
SOLVENT: substance present in larger
amount

MOLALITY PART BY MASS

PART BY VOLUME MOLE FRACTION

EMPIRICAL FORMULA MOLECULAR FORMULA

Formula shows the simplest ratio between Formula shows actual no of the different
the different types of atoms presents in 1 types of atoms presents in 1 molecules of
molecules of substance substance