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2011 April League for Democracy in Burma Page 1

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League for Democracy in Burma

LDB

N0. 502 APTO Bldg:


7-18-1, Takinogawa Kita-Ku
Tokyo, JAPAN
Zip: 114-0023
Tel & Fax : 03-3916-4996
E-mail : ldbjapan.org@gmail.com
www.ldbjapan.org

Page 2 League for Democracy in Burma 2011 April


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2011 April League for Democracy in Burma Page 3


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Page 4 League for Democracy in Burma 2011 April


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2011 April League for Democracy in Burma Page 7


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oHawG xGufay:aeygw,f/ bifvm'ifaoqHk;oGm;+yDaemuf jynfyrSm om,maysmfar$aeol wcsKd@uawmh jyefcGifh&&if
bifvm'ifukd tar&duefwyfz@JG awGu trSew f u,fowfvu kd +f y;D awmif jyefr,fhyHkr&ygbl;/ wu,fawmh ppftkyfpktaeeJ@vnf;
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awG usL;vGecf w hJ hJ Adv
k cf sKyrf ;ª }u;D wmaweJ@ cd;k om;ig;&m[m }uKd ;pif owday;vdyk gw,f?
wuf&zd@k taetxm;rSm&Syd gw,f? Adv k cf sKyrf ;ª }u;D wmaw[m ud, k hf
vnfyif;ud, k f }uKd ;uGi;f pGyw f hJ tvkyaf wmh vkyrf mS r[kwyf gb;l / ol@w
ynfh cd;k om;ig;&mxJu wcsK@d udk tpd;k &opfzcJG ikd ;f +y;D wdik ;f jynfuq kd uf
vuf tkycf sKyaf pwmjzpfygw,f? wcsed w f nf;rSmbJ Adv k cf sKyrf ;ª }u;D wm
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&efuek ®f r@ avxefuek ;f Edik if aH &;tuJcwfawGu wGuq f xm;=uyg
w,f? eufrsufpd=um;odor# a0iSvdkufwmyg?

2011 April League for Democracy in Burma Page 13


pmrsuf 7 rS
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oef@ &Sif; aom tpdk;&

Page 14 League for Democracy in Burma 2011 April


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wdik ;f jynfwpfjynfonf tjcm;tbufbuf wd@k a=umifh rdz&k m;}u;D onf t&nf}u;D wd@k . oGm;=uav.? ab;ql;bD,yf rD;awmif.
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ab;rS csrf;om&m&atmif oltoufudk ppfrufjzpfymG ;vsuf &S=d uonf? trSepf pfppf =u,fyHkudk wdkifyif=u+yD;aemuf 0ef}uD;ESpfyg;
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&yfukd ol@wdik ;f / ol@jynfom;rsm;onf ,ae@ xHk;pH"avh tkyfcsKyfa&; ppfcsDppfwufrSpI xdu k wdtwdik ;f qdv k #if vufwifppfwyfrsm;
wdik f cs;D usL;aumfa&mf ylal Zmfvsu&f =dS uonf? tppt&m&m tm;vHk;yif twlwljzpf=u ESihf wduk cf ukd &f mY tu,fI 0ef}u;D wpfO;D OD;
bk&ifwpfyg;. rdzk&m;}uD;wpfyg; onf? trSefppfppf a&mr®r@}uD;yifv#if . ppfOD;!dk_;v#if xdk0ef}uD;onf oltazmf
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toifrif;}u;D / ewfrif;}u;D rsm; a'gotrsuf TppfjzpfpOf tcsdeftcgwGif a&mr 'ufqD,yfu nmawmifyH/ ref;vD,yfu
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2011 April League for Democracy in Burma Page 15


ppfom;rsm;ESifh wpfa,mufcsif; wdkufyGJrsm; atmif ESajrmw,f/ 'gayr,fh rif;udo k m;jzpf vufwiG ;f u vGwo f mG ;aoma=umifh jzpf.?
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tpp&m&mY tvG e f w l = uaoma=umif h v#if ppfwyfvJysuf/ ppfwyfysufwJhaemuf r_ rdrdpdwfxJu vkyfI rjzpfEdkif[k pGJvrf;
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wpfa,muf qH;k ¶H;_ &rnftwGuf ajymrjyEdik f ol,lrnf[k tm;tcJ}uD; cJxm;&mrS ol@ pmrsufESm 20 okd h
Page 16 League for Democracy in Burma 2011 April
ygvpfpwdkif;ESpfzGJ@ jyefvnfoifjrwfa&; oabmwlnDcsuf&&S d 9-11 10ESpjf ynfh t=urf;zufwu
kd cf ukd af &; bifvm'if=uHpnfchJ
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

uGJvGJaewJh ygvpfpwdkif; 2zGJ@t=um; tarSmifzHk;cJhwJh vmr,fh pufwifbm 11&uf tar&duef jynfaxmifpkt


4ESpfwmumv tqHk;owfcJh+yDvdk@ ygvpfpwdkif; orRwrmrGwf wGi;f t,fvcf ikd ;f 'g; tzG@J &J@ wdu k cf u kd rf _ 10ESpjf ynfah jrmufwahJ e@rSm
tmbwfpf ( Mahmoud Abbas )u ajymvdu k yf gw,f? zmwmeJ@ tar&duefjynfaxmifpu k kd xyf+y;D wdu k cf u
kd zf @kd t,fvcf ikd ;f 'g; tzG@J
[m;rmpf 2zG@J t=um; jyefvnfoihjf rwf=uzd@k oabmwlncD suf &cJ+h y;D u pOf;pm; oH;k oyfaewJh taxmuftxm;awGukd bifvm'ifaexdik f
tckv@kd ajymcJw h myg? cJw
h hJ tdrjf c0H if;xJu ,laqmifvmcJw h hJ pm¶Gupf mwrf;awG y%mr
zmwmygwu D ygvpfpwdik ;f orRw tmbwfpef @J [m;rm;pf ppfaq;&mrSm awG@&SdcJh&w,fvdk@ tar&duef t&m&SdawGu qdkyg
tzGJ@acgif;aqmif cgvd'f rD&Sm;vf ( Khaled Meshaal )wdk@ w,f?
tygt0if EdkifiHjcm; xdyfwef;t&m&SdawG pka0;+yD; tD*spfEdkifiH udkif¶dk jynfwiG ;f vHjk cKH a&; 0ef}u;D Xgeu arv 5&ufae@rSm uGerf ef'kd
®r@awmfrmS oabmwl vufrw S af &;xd;k yGJ tcrf;tem;wck rae@u awG odr;f ydu k f &,lcw hJ hJ pm&Gupf mwrf;awGukd pwifppfaq;cJ&h mrSm
usi;f ycJyh gw,f? ta&S@tv,fyikd ;f a'o *gZm taemufbufurf;eJ@ tJ'vD @kd taxmuftxm;awGu@kd awG@&S&d wmjzpfw,fv@kd qdyk gw,f?
*gZmurf;ajrmifa'o ESpfydkif;uGJae=uwJh ygvpfpwdkif;tpdk;&2zGJ@ tmz*efepPwefu wdu k yf 0JG if tar&duef wyfz@JG awG ¶kyo f rd ;f
jyefvnfn! D w $ af &; oabmwlvufrw S af &;xd;k cJ=h uwmyg? a&;eJ@ t&SdefjrSifhaqmif¶Gufr,fh tpDtpOfawG a&;qGJzdk@udkvnf;
orwa¶G;aumufyaJG wGusi;f y+y;D =um;jzwftpd;k &w&yfukd orR w td k b m;rm;eJ @ yif w *G e f p pf X gecsKyf w d k @ ud k tar&d u ef
wESpftwGif;rSm zGJpnf;oGm;zdk@udkvnf; pDpOfcJh=uygw,f? zmwmeJ@ uGe*f &ufp&f @J ESpyf gwD yl;wGJ Oya'jyK atmufvw $ af wmftrwfawG
[m;rm;pf 2zG@J [m 2007ckEpS u f uGcJ =hJ uwmyg? rmrGwt f mbwfpf u arv 5&ufae@u awmif;qdv k u kd yf gw,f?
acgif;aqmifwJh zmwmtzGJ@u *gZmuae ae&m a¶$@cJh&ygw,f? tcktcgrSm bifvm'ifudk okwfoifEdkifcJh+yD jzpfwJhtwGuf
tckv@kd ygvpfpwdik ;f ESpzf @JG jyefvnfaygi;f pnf=uwmudk tpP 2001 ckESpf 'DZifbmv tar&duefwyfawG tmz*efepPwefudk
a&;uawmh oabmrusygb;l ? 'DoabmwlncD su[ f m +ird ;f csr;f a&; 0ifa&muf wdkufcdkufcJh&wJh t"du &nf¶G,fcsufu +yD;jynfhpHkoGm;+yD
jzpfvmzdk@ tajctaeawG txl;avsmhusoGm;apwJh udpPyJvdk@ jzpfw,fv@kd qdyk gw,f?
tpPa&; 0ef}uD;csKyf bif*srif eufwef,m[k (Benjamin
Netanyahu ) u rae@u ajymvdkufygw,f?
+Aw d ed 0f ef}u;D csKyf a'Apf urfr¶Gr;f ( David Camewon )
eJ@ eufwef,m[kw@kd rae@u vef'efrmS awGqckH =hJ u+y;D zmwm [m;
rm;pf tpdk;&2zGJ@aygif;udk todtrSwf rjyKzdk@+Adwdef 0ef}uD;csKyfudk
wdu k wf eG ;f cJyh gw,f? rpPwm eufwef,m[k[m jyifopforRw qm
udZk D ( Nicolas Sarkozy ) eJ@vnf; awG@zd@k pDpOfxm;ygw,f?

2011 April League for Democracy in Burma Page 17


t,fvfcikd f;'geJ@ qufe,
G fr_ r&S v
d @kd ygupPwef jiif;qdk pmrsufESm 15rS
txl;tqef;jzpfaeI a&mrwdk@bufrS ppfom;a&m jrif;ygvef@I
ygupPwef tpdk;&&J@ axmufvSrf;a&; tzGJ@0ifawG/ tpdk;& ajy;=uukef. 'ufqD,yfvnf; jyefwdkuf=u&ef tpGrf;ukef }udK;pm;
tzG@J 0ifawG[m t,fvcf ikd ;f 'g; (al-Qaida) uGe&f ufe@J yl;wGt J vkyf ygaomfvnf; olvlrsm;udk xdef;I r&awmhacs?
vkycf whJ ,fqw kd hJ pGypf cJG suf rrSeyf gb;l / t=urf;zufwu kd zf suaf &; rSwf xdak =umifh ol@taz. ajc&mudv k u
kd I
f eif;&v#if ppfEikd v f rd hf
wrf;awG t&vnf; 'Dvv kd yk wf ,fqw kd m rawG@&ygb;l vd@k ygupPwef rnf[k ,Hk=unf+yD;v#if a&mrq&mawmf bkef;}uD;wpfyg;udk yifhI
tpdk;&u ajymygw,f? oludk,fudk o&%*Hkwifap.? xdkaemufrS wpfa,mufxDwnf;
ygupPwef Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D q,fvrf ef bm&Sm; ( Salman vufeufryg Avmoufouf &efoal wG&&dS mod@k twif;0ifypfav
Bashir) u tckvdk umuG,f ajymqdkoGm;&mrSm tar&duef .? olvnf;t¶dk;ESifhtom;jzpfomvkyfxm;aom vlom;wpfOD;
wyfzGJ@awG&J@ wdkuf cdkufr_awGeJ@ wevFmae@rSm tdkprm bifvm'if yifjzpfav&m &efow l @kd . vufeufatmufwiG f toufaysmuf&&Sm
(Osama bin laden)aoqHk;+yD;aemufrSmyJ ajym=um;oGm;cJhwm av.? od&k mwGif olzcif}u;D . vufxufuuJo h @kd yif Adv
k v
f yk o
f tl
jzpfygw,f? bifvm'ifu ygupPwefEdkifiH tabmhwmbuf (Ab- aocH&J v#if ppfyuJG kd trSeEf ikd =f uawmhrnf[k ,H=k unfvsu&f aSd om
bot tabad) ®r@rSm ykef;atmif;aewmudk RSI axmufvSrfa&;u a&mrppfom;wdk@onf pdwftm;awG xufoefvm=u+yD;v#if w&
rodv@kd qd+k y;D tckvakd jymwm rw&m;ygb;l vd@k vnf; rpPwmbm&Sm; =urf;jyefI wdkuf=u&mwGif TwdkufyGJYvnf; a&mrwdk@yif tEdkif&
u qdyk gw,f? avownf;?
tar&duef EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; [Dvm&D uvifwef (
Hillary Clinton ) uawmh t,fvfcdkif;'g;acgif;aqmif tdkprm
bifvm'if tckvkd aoqH;k oGm;¶Hek @J t,fvcf ikd ;f 'g;uGe&f ufe@J qufpyf jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; *syef a':vm 49 bDv,D H oHk;rnf
wJh tzG@J awG wdu k cf u kd af ewJh ppfy+JG y;D qH;k rSm r[kwaf =umif;/ t=urf;
zufr_ wdkufzsufa&; }udK;yrf;r_awGrSm ygupPwefEdkifiHu ta&;}uD; *syefEdkifiHrSm ivsifeJ@ qlemrDa=umifh ysufpD;qHk;¶H_;r_awGudk
vSwhJ rdwb f ufEikd if H jzpfygw,fv@kd ajym=um;oGm;cJyh gw,f? jyef v nf wnf a qmuf a &;twG u f ta&;ay: b¾a':vm
2001 ckEpS f pufwifbm 11 &ufae@ wdu k cf u
kd rf a_ wGtwGuf 49bDv, D H oH;k pGzJ @kd *syefvw$ af wmfu cGijhf yKvukd w f ,f?
b,foal wGrmS wm0ef&v dS q J w kd hJ owif; tcsut f vufawG tar&d tajccH taqmufttHak wG jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;/ 'kuQ
uefqrD mS yJ &Sw d myg? 'gayrJh 'g tar&duefaxmufvrS ;f a&;u toH;k onfawGtwGuf ,m,Daetdraf wG aqmufvyk af &;eJ@ tysut f pD;
rusv@kd qd+k y;D awmh olajymydik cf iG hf r&Syd gb;l vd@k ygupPwefEikd if jH cm;a&; awGudk &Sif;vif;a&;twGuf b¾maiGudk oHk;pGJrSm jzpfygw,f?
0ef}u;D u qdyk gw,f? wcsdefwnf;rSmyJ xdcdkufysufpD;aewJh zlul&SD;rm; (Fuku-
shima ) EsLuvD,m; "mwftm;ay;puf¶HkxJu "mwfaygif;
wevFmae@u towfc&H ol[m bifvm'ifjzpfw,f qdw k m
aocsma=umif; tar&duefeJ@ ygupPwef owif;&yfuGufawGu zdk@trSwf 1 xm;&m taqmuftOD;xJudk 2veD;yg;twGif;rSm
twnfjyKay;w,fv@kd vnf; rpPwm bm&Sm;uqdyk gw,f? yxrqHk;t}udrf tvkyform;awG v$wfzdk@jyifqifaew,fvdk@
tar&duef jynfaxmifpkrSm pufwifbmv 11&ufae@/ puf¶v kH nfywfaeolawGu ajymygw,f?
2001 ckEpS rf mS t=urf;zuf wdu k cf ukd cf &H vd@k aoqH;k oGm;&olawGukd taqmuftOD;xJrmS tat;ay;pepfe@J a&trSwx f ed ;f ud&d
t¶dtk aojyKz@kd / tJ'v D kd twdu k t f cdu
k cf &H vd@k ysupf ;D oGm;wJh ukeo f ,G f ,mopfawG wyfqifz@kd vdt k yfwt hJ wGuf tvkyo f rm;awGukd v$wf
a&; taqmuftOD; ae&mqDudk oGm;a&mufzdk@twGuf tar&duef &rSmvd@k wdu k sKd tDvufx&pf "mwftm;ay;ukr% ` u D ajymygw,f?
orwtdkbm;rm; e,l;a,mufcf®r@udk 'Dae@oGm;a&mufrSm jzpf tiftm;jyif; ivsif}uD;eJ@ qlemrD 'Dvd_if;}uD;awG&J@ '%f
ygw,f? a=umifh puf¶x kH uJ "mwfaygi;f zd@k 6 ckv;kH rSm tat;ay;pepf xdcu kd f
t=urf;zuf wdkufcdkufr_awGudk OD;aqmifvkyfcJholqdkwJh ysupf ;D oGm;cJ+h y;D rwfv 12 &ufae@u ayguu f rJG a_ wG jzpfcu hJ wnf;
t,fvfcdkif;'g;uGef&uf acgif;aqmif tdkprm bifvm'ifudk tar&d u "mwfaygi;f zdk trSwf 1 xJukd b,forl S roGm;=uwm jzpfygw,f?
uef wyfzGJ@0ifawG ygupPwefEdkifiHrSm wdkufcdkufowfypfvdkuf+yD; "mwfa&mifjcnf yrm% b,favmuf&adS eovJqw kd m wdik ;f
&ufydkif;twGif;rSmyJ rpPwm tdkbm;rm;c&D;pOfudk oGm;a&mufwm wmwJh puf¶kyfawG taqmuftOD;xJrSm &Sdae+yD;om; jzpfw,fvdk@
jzpfygw,f?2001ckESpf t,fvfcdkif;'g; wdkufcdkufr_rSm aoqHk;oGm; "mwftm;ay; ukr`%Du ajymygw,f? aemufwqifhu txJu
olawG twGufyef;acGcsr,f/ aoqHk;olawG&J@ trsKd;taqGawGeJ@ "mwfa&mifjcnf yrm%udk 95&mcdik ;f E_e;f avmuftxd av#mch sEikd f
vnf; orRwu oD;oef@awG@qHzk @kd &Syd gw,f? r,fh avoef@pifa&;pepfudk wyfqif+yD;&if tvkyform;awG
taqmuftOD;xJ 0ifEikd rf mS jzpfw,fv@kd ukr% ` u D ajymygw,f?

Page 18 League for Democracy in Burma 2011 April


'dki f,mavmhEiS fh jrefrmjynf
cifrrrsdK;
,cifvrStquf
f mavmhcEf iS hf wGe;f tm; (leverage)
'dik ,
w¶kwfjynf/ ,leefe,fxJta&muf a&eHeJ@
wGef;tm;qdkwmrSm t=urf;zsif; r_av;awG&ydS gw,f? od@k ayr,fh b,ftwdik ;f
tm;jzifh normative leverage, coercive twmtxd xda&mufEdkifrvJqdkwmrSmu obm0"gwaf iGawG yd@k ay;Edik rf ,fh ydu k vf ikd ;f u
leverage eJ@ walk-away leverage qd+k y;D awmh toGiu jref r mEd k i f i H u d k rvG J r aoG jzwf u d k
f ;l ajymif;a&;umvrSm b,fvkd
oHk;rsKd;&Sdygw,f? normative leverage =um;jzwftpd;k & ay:ayguv jzwf&rSmjzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifh jrefrmjynf[m
f ma&;udk OD;wnf
w¶k w f j ynf t wG u f ppf a &;/ pD ; yG m ;a&;
qdkwmu urBmw0Srf;rSm vltrsm;vufcH ar#mfvifhovJ/ ar#mfvifcsuftwkdif; jzpfEdkif
xm;=uwJh vlr_a&;pHESKef;awG ( social acs&Sdr&Sd qdkwmay:rSm rlwnfygw,f? r[mAsL[mwefzdk;( strategic value )
norms ) ody`Henf;uspHESKef;awG( scien- jrif h r m;aewJ h Ed k i f i H w ck y g? 'D E d k i f i H x J u d k
toGifulajymif;umvrSm EdkifiHw
taemuftkyfpkOD;aqmifwJh EdkifiHwum
tific norms ud k toH k ; jyKjzif h 'd k i f , m umtpd;k &awGu vlom;csi;f pmemr_jzifh 0if
avmhcfjzpfvmatmif wGef;tm;ay;wmyg? a&mufusL;ausmfr_( Humanitarian In- ppfwyfawG a&mufvmr,fh tajctaeudk
w¶kwjf ynf[m b,fv@kd tajctaersK;d rSmrS
Oyrm-EdkifiHwEdkifiH&J@ ynma&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ tervention) uae ay:xGufvmwJh =um;
use;f rma&;tqift cGifhjyKrSm r[kwfygbl;? taemuftkyfpkEdkifiH
h wef;wd;k wufjrifrh m;atmif jzwftpd;k & International interim-gov-
}uKd ;yrf;aqmif¶u awG t aeeJ @ uvJ w¶k w f e J @ ppf a &;t&
G af &;[m Edik if aH wmftpd;k & ernment) udk OD;wnf ar#mv f ifw
h ,fq&kd if
&J@ wm0efw&yfyg? 'Dwm0efudk xda&muf normative leverage stratege xdyw f u kd &f ifqikd +f y;D jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDta&;udk
atmif tm;pdkufaqmif¶Gufr_r&Sdbl;qdk&if 'D wckwnf;yJ usifhoHk;zdk@ oifhavsmfygw,f?
0ifa&mufulnDr_ vkyfr,fhtajctaeawG
tcsuf u d k Ed k i f i H w umtod k i f ; t0ef ; u tm%m&SifeJ@ awmfvSefa&;orm;awGt
r&Sdao;ygbl;? jzpfvmcJh&ifvJ udk;&D;,m;
odvmatmif awmfveS af &;orm;awGu rD; =um;u wdkufyGJA[dkcsufru EdkifiHwumt ppfyv JG kd proxy war yJjzpfvm+y;D jrefrmjynf
armif;xd;k jy=u&ygw,f? wd;k wufra_ ESmifah ES; odkif;t0ef;&J qHk;jzwfcsufay:rSm rlwnf
ppf a jrjyif j zpf o G m ;rS m yg? 'ga=umif h
apwJh jy\emta=umif;&if; tajccH( root ygw,f? EdkifiHwum uifydef;udkyJ t&SdefjrSif
EdkifiHwumtodkif;t0dkif;u jrefrmjynfudk
causes )awG u d k azmf x k w f + yD ; 'D v d k j y aqmif ¶ G u f & rS m jzpf y gw,f ? 'gayr,f h
vlom;csif;pmemr_eJ@ ppfa&;t& 0ifa&muf
\emawGudk collaborative problem jrefrmEdkifiHeJ@ EdkifiHa&;yx0D0iftaetxm;pGwzf ufru _ kd ar#mv f if+h y;D csrw S wf hJ norma-
solvin) csOf;uyfenf;vrf;eJ@ awG@qHkaqG; t& 'D[mAsL[m wckwnf;yJ usifhoHk;&if
tive leverage strategy [mvufawG@
H aemifEpS af ygi;f ig; q,f/w&mxd atmifjrifz@kd
aEG;tajz&Sm+y;D 0dik ;f 0ef;ajz&Si;f =u zd@k Edik if w uswJh EdkifiHa&; r[mAsL[m jzpfvmrSm
umu axmufct H m;ay;r_twGuf uifyed ;f rvG,u f yl gb;l ? r[kwyf gb;l ?
awG vky=f u&ygw,f? ppfat;wdkufyGJ+yD;qHk;oGm;cJhayr,fh
aemufxyf =um;jzwftpd;k &toGiw f
'g[m normative leverage taemuf tkyfpkeJ@ w¶kwfEdkfiHwdkt=um;u
rsKd;jzpfwJh tm%m&Sifu toGifulajymif;zdk@
strategyudk toHk;jyKjcif;ygyJ? vl@tcGifht ppfa&;/ pD;yGm;a&; tiftm;csdefcGifv#m !Sdr_
OD ; aqmif z G J @ pnf ; wJ h td r f a pmif h t pd k ; &
a&;/ ynma&;/ usef;rm;a&;/ vlom;wdk@&J@ awGu 21 &mpkumvrSm us,u f s,jf yef@jyef@
(incumbentled caretaker govern-
tajccHvdktyfcsufrsm; jynfpHka&;/ w&m;r# xif&Sm;aeyg+yD? jrefrmEdkifiH[m ¶kwfjynf&J@
ment ) udk OD;wnf+y;D r[mAsL[m csrw S w f hJ
wr_&Sda&;/ EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; vGwf ppfa&; tcsuftcsma'ojzpfovdk/ tdEdN,
tcgrSmawmh normative leverage stra
ajrmufa&; pwmawGeJ@ owfouf+yD; EdkifiH ork'&N mpd;k rd;k a&;qdik &f m maritime strat-
tegy udkomru coercive leverage
wumrS m csrS w f x m;wJ h pH E S K ef ; awG e J @ egy wckjzpfwJh ykvJoG,fpDrHcsuf( String
strategy udkyg toHk;jyKzdk@ vdktyfygw,f?
EdkifiHwum todkif;t0ef;&J@ oHwrefa&;&m of Pears )xJrSm yg0ifaewJ EdkifiHwckjzpfyg
coercive leverage strategy udk toH;k jyK
odwq f tkd a&;,lr/_ pD;yGm;a&;ydwq kd a&;,l w,f? wcsdefwnf;rSmyJ w¶kwfEdkifiH&J@pGrf;
f t r_rmS vlxw k u dk yf eJG @J vufeufuikd af wmfveS f
r_pwJh ta&;,lr_o¾efawG trsm;tjym; tifvHkjcHKa&;( energy security )twGuf a&;vrf;pOfawGyg0ifvmygw,f? udk nor-
&SdwJhtwGuf 'D normative leverage tar&duefa&wyfxdef;csKyfe,fajrrSm&SdwJh mative leverage strategy toHk;jyK
strategy udk toHk;jyKwm[m xda&muf rvuU m a&vuf = um;ud k a&S m if u G i f ; +yD ;
r_uae ay:xGuv f mwJh Edik if w H umzdtm;eJ@
2011 April League for Democracy in Burma Page 19
jynfwiG ;f u jynfov
l x l &k @J mass rolling trde@f xkwjf yef+y;D twdu k t
f cHtiftm;pkrsm; toGiful;ajymif;r_umvrSm 'Dvdktpdk;&awG
actions awGukd aygi;f pyf+y;D tm%m&Siaf wG tiftm;csdvmapa&;udkvJ jyKvkyfcJhygw,f? ay:xGuv
f ma&;u normative leverage
udk rjzpfrae 'dik , f mavmhcf vkyv f m;atmif awmfveS af &;twdu k t f cHtiftm;pk}u;D jzpfwhJ stratege,coercive leverage strategy
wGet f m;ay;rSjzpfygw,f? tm%m&Siaf wG&@J ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD&J@ jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJ awGukd =um;jzwftpd;k &w&yf ay:xGuv f m;
tm%mudk qufvufqkyfudkifxm;&if ay; a&;/ jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&; 55vrf;pOfeJ@ a&;txd OD;wnf+y;D pDrcH suaf &;qGt J aumif
qyf&r_ukd }u;D xGm;vmatmif vky+f y;D / toGif twdik t f cHEikd if aH &;tiftm;pkawG&@J yrnw txnfaz:Edik rf v _ t kd yfygw,f? 'Dtajctae
ul;ajymif;vdkwJh tdrfapmifhtpdk;&toGif wyfaygif;pk}uD;ay:xGufvm+yD;/ +idrf;csrf;a&; rSm wdkufyGJ&J A[dkcsufr [m jynfwGif;
aqmifvmatmif vkyfaqmifr_jzpfygw,f? toHawG ay:xGuaf ecsed rf mS atmifrm,ppf awmfvSefa&; tiftm;pkawGqDrSm jzpfyg
'Dvdk normative leverage eJ@coercive qifa&;udk qifE+J$ y;D acsre_ ;f a&;wG jyKvyk cf yhJ g w,f?Edik if w H umuifyed ;f awG b,favmufyJ
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Page 20 League for Democracy in Burma 2011 April
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2011 April League for Democracy in Burma Page 21
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Page 22 League for Democracy in Burma 2011 April
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2011 April League for Democracy in Burma Page 23


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Page 24 League for Democracy in Burma 2011 April
ppfwyfukd Edik if aH &;e,fy,fu tjywf&iS ;f xkwyf pfrnf

nD!$wfa&;qdkonfrSm

trsKd;om;nD!$wfa&;qdkonfrSm acgif;aqmifrsm;omnD!$wfjcif;udk rqdkvdk?


vlrsKd;bmom/ a,musfm;rdef;r/ *dk%f*%ra¶G; wEdki fiHvHk; jynfoljynfom;/
vlxkwckvHk; tajymomr[kwf/ tvkyfEiS fhwuG trsKd;om;wdk@. tvdkqENudk
jynfh0Edki f&ef trsKd;om;wdk@. vkyfief;rsm;wGi f aomif;aomif;jzjz pdwfa&m/udk,fyg
nD!Gwf=uonfudk qdkvdkonf?

AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;
( 1946 ckEpS f/ Zefe0g&Dv 20 &uf tv,fypP,HnvD mcHrdef@cGef;rS )

2011 April League for Democracy in Burma Page 25


Page 26 League for Democracy in Burma 2011 April

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