!

"
#

fd fd
Vd = Aw = ah
3 3
M d = Wf d

a=
e=

$$

%
Md
Nf =
h−e
Nf
Vb ,v =
nb nv ,b
Vb ,v
& τ b ,v = ≤ f d ,V
Ab
'%
nb ( )
f d ,V * +', - .' //

0
1 1
2 !34 *2!5 4/!* /!66 ** *!4/ 587 244 /!2
/ !4/ 42 62!4 /!67 *5 7!// 2 6 / 2 /!2/
3 !64 27!* * /!64 *8 7!// 865 84 /!23
7 3!// 4 47 /!64 73 7!4/ 3/ *24 /!2
5 3!// 46 3/ /!62 74 7!4/ * / 48/ /!23
2 3!4/ 83 347 /!64 72 4!// 76/ 2 / /!2
3/ 3!4/ 374 * 7 /!62 43 4!// 65/ 3 37 /!2*
33 3!4/ */* *2/ /!2/ 45 4!4/ 3/*/ 375* /!23
37 *!// *4* 743 /!62 5/ 4!4/ 3*5/ 3236 /!2*
36 *!// 748 46* /!2/ 57 5!// 352/ *3 6 /!2*
*/ *!4/ 42 6/6 /!23 52 5!// */5/ *5*3 /!27
 %
V
VV , y =
n b n v ,b
V⋅f
) T=
2
Ty max
,x =
VTmax
(x )
nb
nv 2
i + y i2
i =1

Tx max
,y =
VTmax
(x )
nb
nv 2
i + y i2
i =1

, Rb , v = (V ) + (V
max 2
T ,x V ,y + VTmax
,y )
2

Rb , v
& τ b ,v = ≤ f d ,V
Ab
'%
nb ( )

3
$$ $

N f = Af f d = b ⋅ e ⋅ fd
$$ M f = N f (h − e )
$$ Mw = Md − M f

%
Nf
Vb ,v =
nb nv ,b
Vb ,v
& τ b ,v = ≤ f d ,V
Ab

%
V
VV , y =
n b n v ,b
V⋅f
) T= + Mw
2
Ty max
,x =
VTmax
( )
nb
nv xi2 + y i2
i =1

Tx max
,y =
VTmax
(x )
nb
nv 2
i + y i2
i =1

, Rb , v = (V ) + (V
max 2
T ,x V ,y + VTmax
,y )
2

Rb,v
& τ b ,v = ≤ f d ,V
Ab

3
 # $
$

N dT = Af d
A
N dC = f d
ω

9 $ ! :A ;
$

<

" $ <

A = 2 A1
Aeff = A − 2(φ t ) 34 +', - .' //

N fd
σ= ≤
Aeff σ amm

N
H= $
nb nv ,b

(
T = N f − ey )
(f − e ) (
y

Txmax $
V= n
nv ,b x 2 x(
i =1

R = H 2 +V 2 , ! $

*
 R f d ,V
" $ τb = ≤
Ab τ b,amm

Rn fd
" $ $ σ p , rif = ≤α
t pd σ amm
tp
n

" $ $

= $ 3= $

R fd Rn fd
σ a , rif = ≤α σ a , rif = ≤α
t a ,singolo d σ amm t a ,totale d σ amm

ta ta

<

" $ <

A = 2 A1

N fd
σ= ≤
A σ amm

, >

ag
N1 = N
b2 b1 = (l − e ) +
N1b1 − N 2b2 = 0 2
b1 + b2
N 2 = N − N1 ag
N 2 = N − N1 b2 = e +
2

" $

s t min
ag = ≤ s ≤ t min ag
2 2
s
t min

N1 0.85 f d Fe 360 N2 0.85 f d Fe 360

τ // = ≤ τ // = ≤
nc a g L1 0.7 f d Fe 430 ; Fe 510 nc a g L2 0.7 f d Fe 430 ; Fe 510

nc ( N1 nc ( N2

7
 $ '?

$ ( !

N
N b ,v =
nb
N b ,v
σ= ≤ f d ,N
Ares

$ & -+ >

@ $ > ! '
' $

! $
nb

N
Vb ,v =
nb n v ,b
Vb ,v
τb = ≤ f d ,V
Ares

Nh
M =
2
Mz max
$ N b ,v =
(z )
nb ,per fila
2
nfile trasversali i
i =1

N b ,v
σb = ≤ f d ,N
Ares

2 2
σb τb
" $ + ≤1
f d ,N f d ,V

& -+

# $$
!

$$

M
Nf =
h−e
Ns pag.14 CNRUNI 10011

4
 nv ,b nb N s µ
" $ N f ≤ Vf =
γf
γ f = 1.25
0.30 Superfici non preparate
µ=
0.45 Superfici preparate

& $$

V
Vb ,v =
nb nv ,b
) T =V ⋅D

Tz max
H b ,v = nb
n v ,b z i2
i =1

Rb ,v = Vb2,v + H b2,v ≤ V f ,o
" $ Nsµ
V f ,o =
γf

0 $ $ $

9 $ $ ! #
$ ) tp bp Lp

M (z ) $
M max

$ profilo
M res = Wprofilo f d
$$ M p = M max − M res
profilo

$ t p ≈ eprofilo
Mp
Np =
hprofilo + t p
Np
0 bp≥
fd t p
0 M (z ) = M res
profilo
→ z1 ; z 2 z 2 > z1
L p = L − 2 z1

5
0

s tp
ag = ≤ s ≤ tp
2 2

&

Vmax S piatti
τ zy = τ yz =
(
J tot b p + 2a g )
h tp
S piatti = b p t p + np =
2 2
2
1 h tp
J tot = J profilo + np b p t 3p + b p t p +
12 2 2

( )
S = τ yz b p + 2a g L p

S 0.85 Fe 360
< Lc ≥ η=
nc a gηf d 0.70 Fe 430 ; Fe 510

n° ! lc

Lc
lc =
n°

L − n°lc
p=
n° − 1

6
 $ & -&

( > $
$ ) ! $

(> ) $

nb

V
Vb , v =
nb n v , b
n v ,b = 1
Vb , v
τb = ≤ f d ,V
Ares

Mymax
N b ,v =
(y )
nb ,per fila
2
nfile trasversali i
$ i =1

N b ,v
σb = ≤ f d ,N
Ares

2 2
σb τb
" $ + ≤1
f d ,N f d ,V

$
$

Vb ,v ≤ V f ,o Nsµ
con V f ,o = 7-" 4 +', - .' //
N b ,v ≤ 0.8 N s γf

2
 $ & -
#
$

Mz max
N b ,v =
(z )
nb ,per fila
2
nfile trasversali i
i =1

N b,v ≤ 0.8 N s

#
$
> ( $

N M 0.85 f d Fe 360
σ⊥ = + ≤
a g Lc nc Ww 0.7 f d Fe 430 ; Fe 510

s t min
ag = ≤ s ≤ t min
2 2

de ag
Lc = 2π +
2 2

4 4
π de d
+ ag − e
4 2 2
Ww =
de
+ ag
2

( !
" A

H V
τ // = σ⊥ =
n c a g Lc n c a g Lc

0.85 f d Fe 360
σ id = σ ⊥2 + τ //2 ≤
0.7 f d Fe 430 ; Fe 510

8
 & -& >
#
$

&

τ amm J secondaria a secondaria

Vmax =
S secondaria

<.

fd
J secondaria asecondaria
3 fd
Vd = ≈ Aw
S secondaria 3

" $
V
$ Vb , v =
n b n v ,b

T =V ⋅D
aprincipale
$ D = 2d +
2
Tymax
H b,v = nb
nv ,b yi2
i =1

, $ Rb ,v = Vb2,v + H b2,v

Rb,v
" $ <. τb = ≤ f d ,V
Ab

An = 2[(hs ⋅ t s ) − nb (φ b ⋅ t s )]
" $ > φ b = d + 1mm
V
τ= ≤ fd
An

2 Rb , v 2 fd
" $ $ σ rif = ≤
asecondaria d 2.5 f d

2
2
Vmax Vmax ⋅ D ⋅ y max
,v = f d ,V Ab
Rbmax → ,v =
Rbmax + nb
→ Vmax
n b n v ,b
n v ,b y i2
i =1

/
 nb
M max = nv ,b Ri (b,v ) yi
i =1

' $

3d 3d
M max = 2 ⋅ 2 Rb ,v + 3d + 2 Rb′ ,v
2 2

3d 3d
Rb ,v : 3d + = Rb′ ,v :
2 2

' B%
#
$

, '

N d = Atot ⋅ f d

Af
N f = Nd
Atot

N w = N d − 2N f

0 )

Nf
Vb , v = ≤ V f ,o
n b n v ,b Nf nv ,b = 1 singolo coprigiunto d' ala
nb =
µN s µN s nv ,b = 2 doppio coprigiunto d' ala
V f ,o = n v ,b
γf γf

$ )

0 )

Nw
Vb , v = ≤ V f ,o
nb n v ,b Nw
nb = n v ,b = 2
µN s µN s
V f ,o = n v ,b
γf γf

$ )
 & -
# "!
$

0
t min
≤ s f ≤ t min sf
2 a gf =
t min = min[etrave ; ecolonna ] 2

t min
≤ s w ≤ t min sw
2 a gw =
t min = a trave 2

,
!

V 0.85 f d Fe 360
τ // = ≤d
w w w
→ Lwc Lwc ≤ h1
a Ln 0.7 f d Fe 430 ; Fe 510
g c c

0
$$

Md 0.85 f d Fe 360
σ ⊥,1 = ≤
W1,cordoni totali 0.7 f d Fe 430 ; Fe 510

2 2
f f

2
h ag
+
2 2
(L
f
c ⋅a f
g ) +2
h2 a g
2
−
2
((L − (2r + a ))⋅ a )
f
c
f
g +2
12
( )
1 w w
a g Lc
3

W1,cordoni totali = f
h ag
+
2 2

" $
$$ 3

Md 0.85 f d Fe 360
σ ⊥,2 = 2
≤
W cordoni totali 0.7 f d Fe 430 ; Fe 510

2 2
f f

2
h ag
+
2 2
(L f
c ⋅a f
g ) +2
h2 a g
2
−
2
((L − (2r + a ))⋅ a )
f
c
f
g +2
1 w w
12
( )
a g Lc
3

W2,cordoni totali =
Lwc
2

Vd 0.85 f d Fe 360
τ // = σ id = σ ⊥2 , 2 + τ //2 ≤
a Lwc ncw
w
g 0.7 f d Fe 430 ; Fe 510

3
 CD 9 ' &C ++ 9 - +<

& E

& $

- & σ cam = 6 +
Rck − 15
4
[N mm 2 ]
- & σ sam [N mm 2 ]
- & $ σ sam [N mm 2 ]
0 $ >

1
Si = Aprofilo y s + (B ⋅ s ) ⋅ yc + Aarmatura yφ
n
s
- $ yc = h +
2
yφ = H − c

1
- Ai = Aprofilo + (B ⋅ s ) + Aaramatura
n

Si
- y $ y=
Ai

[ ]
J i= J profilo + Aprofilo ( y − y s ) +
2 1 1
n 12
[ (
B ⋅ s 3 + (B ⋅ s )( yc − y ) + Aarmatura yφ − y
2
)]
2

*
& $

M
& σ c1 = (H − y ) ≤ σ cam
nJ i
M
& 3 σ c2 = (h − y ) ≤ σ cam
nJ i
M
& 3 σ s2 = (h − y ) ≤ σ sam
Ji
M
& 3 σ s3 = y ≤ σ sam
Ji

σ cam nJ i
M 1max = F
H−y
σ cam nJ i
h− y
3 M 2max =
σ sam J i
h− y
σ sam J i
* M 3max = F $
y

[
M max = min M 1max ; M 2max ; M 3max ]

Q = p.p. + sovraccarico

1 8M max
Max
M calcolo = Ql 2 sovraccarico massimo = − p.p.
8 l2

& &
@ $ G H IJ

TS i
& τ zy = ≤ τ cam
Ji B
1
Si = (B ⋅ s )y + Aarmatura ⋅ yφ 0≤s ≤s
n
y Bs
yφ $

TS
& τ zy = ≤ τ sam
Jia
S $

7
 ! "" # $ %
& && %' & $ $ ( $
& " ( )

"" $ *
$ & & "
&& $ " & & )
" % % $ * $+ $ " "
% % ! && )

, % % " &&

&& " - h
. % && - b
/ - tw
/ - tf
- r
& $ - A
0 & - J xx
0 & - Wxx
0 & - J yy
0 & - W yy

- Aw = (h − 2 ⋅ t f )⋅ t w
- A f = A − Aw
2
b ⋅ t 3f h tf
0 & - J xx , f = 2⋅ + b ⋅t f ⋅ −
12 2 2
0 & - J xx ,w = J xx − J xx , f
, % && "

- fu
$ - fy
- fd
& - τ d = fd 3

, % % (

1 ( - d b, f
1 " - φb , f
( - Ares , f

1 ( - d b ,w
1 " - φb , w
( - Ares ,w

, % && (

& - f d ,N
& - f d ,V

, % &

2 & - Nz & $

2 & - Vy & 34 3

0 " - Mx & 54 5

J xx , f
0 " - Mf =M⋅
J xx
0 " - Mw = M −M f

Aw
2 & - Nw = N ⋅
A
N − Nw
2 & - Nf =
2
 V
e
y
Fs Fs

M M
x x N N z

yi
Gb

xi

Fs Fs

a'+s/2
a''
p''

s p' p' p' a'

6 ( - p′
3 ⋅ d b , f ≤ p′ ≤ 15 ⋅ t min
3 ⋅ d b , f ≤ p′ ≤ 25 ⋅ t min

6 $ ( - p′′
3 ⋅ d b , f ≤ p′′ ≤ 15 ⋅ t min
3 ⋅ d b , f ≤ p′′ ≤ 25 ⋅ t min

1 & ( - a′
2 ⋅ d b , f ≤ a′ ≤ 6 ⋅ t min (
2 ⋅ d b , f ≤ a′ ≤ 9 ⋅ t min (

1 & $ ( - a′′
1.5 ⋅ d b , f ≤ a′′ ≤ 6 ⋅ t min (
1.5 ⋅ d b , f ≤ a′′ ≤ 9 ⋅ t min (
 ( " a = α ⋅ db α = 2 .5

1 & " - s
/ - tc, f
/ - t min = min (t c , f ; t f )

a'+s/2
a''
p''

s p' a'

6 ( - p′
3 ⋅ d b ,w ≤ p ′ ≤ 15 ⋅ t min
3 ⋅ d b ,w ≤ p′ ≤ 25 ⋅ t min

6 $ ( - p′′
3 ⋅ d b ,w ≤ p′′ ≤ 15 ⋅ t min
3 ⋅ d b ,w ≤ p ′′ ≤ 25 ⋅ t min

1 & ( - a′
2 ⋅ d b ,w ≤ a′ ≤ 6 ⋅ t min (
2 ⋅ d b ,w ≤ a′ ≤ 9 ⋅ t min (

1 & $ ( - a′′
1.5 ⋅ d b ,w ≤ a′′ ≤ 6 ⋅ t min (
1.5 ⋅ d b ,w ≤ a′′ ≤ 9 ⋅ t min (

( " a = α ⋅ db α = 2 .5

1 & " - s
/ - t c ,w
/ - t min = min (t c ,w ; t w )
2, 1 . 1 .

/ &
Mf
2 & + - Fs = + Nf
h −tf

" & (
nv , f = 1 # nv , f = 2

Fs
&& " - Vb ,Z =
nv , f ⋅ nb , f
V
" - τ b ,v = b ,Z ≤ f d ,V
Ares , f
1 $
nb , f ( +
nv , f & (

" &

Fs
" - σc = ≤ fd
An ,1

An ,1 = (bc , f ⋅ t c , f ) − 2 ⋅ φb , f ⋅ t c , f

Fs
" - σc = ≤ fd
An , 2

( )
An , 2 = bc , f ⋅ t c , f + 2 ⋅ bc*, f ⋅ t c , f − 4 ⋅ φb , f ⋅ t c , f
1 $
bc , f % &&
bc*, f % &&
tc, f

" "
nv = 1 # nv = 2
 Vb ,Z ⋅ nv , f
" " - σ rif = ≤ α ⋅ fd
d b, f ⋅ t f
2, 1 . 1 0

Mw

z
Gb
Nw

y
/ &
2 & - Vy
2 & - Nw
0 " - Mw
0 - T = Vy ⋅ e
0 - Tb = T + M w

" & (
Vy
$ $ Vy - Vb(,VY ) =
nv ,w ⋅ nb ,w

N w, z
&& $ Nz - Vb(,NZ ) =
nv ,w ⋅ nb ,w

Tb ⋅ z max
$ $ Tb - Vb(,TY ) =
(z )
n
nv ,w ⋅ 2
i + yi2
i =1

Tb ⋅ y max
&& $ Tb - Vb(,TZ) =
(z )
n
nv ,w ⋅ 2
i + yi2
i =1

" - Rb ,v = (V ( ) + V ( ) ) + (V (
V
b ,Y
T
b ,Y
2 N)
b ,Z + Vb(,TZ) )
2
 Rb ,v
" - τ b ,v = ≤ f d ,V
Ares , f

" &

tc,w y

x x
hc,w

y
- An ,cw = 2 ⋅ (hc ,w ⋅ t c ,w − nfori ⋅ φb ,w ⋅ t c ,w )
t c ,w ⋅ hc3,w
0 & ( - J n ,cw = 2 ⋅ − φb , w ⋅ t c , w yi2
12 i

2 ⋅ J n ,cw
0 & - Wn ,cw =
hc ,w

Nw T
" - σ= + b ≤ fd
An ,cw Wn ,cw
Vy fd
" & - τ med = ≤
An ,cw 3
" - σ id = σ 2 + 3 ⋅τ med
2
≤ fd

" " $ nv = 2

Rb ,v ⋅ nv
" " - σ rif = ≤ α ⋅ fd
d b ,w ⋅ t w

" " nv = 2

Rb ,v ⋅ nv
" " - σ rif = ≤ α ⋅ fd
d b ,w ⋅ 2 ⋅ t c ,w
 " & " "

& $ -

An = A − n fori , f ⋅ t f ⋅ φb , f − n fori ,w ⋅ t w ⋅ φb ,w

0 & " -

2
h tf
J n , xx = J xx − n fori , f ⋅ φb , f ⋅tf ⋅ − − φb , w ⋅ t w ⋅ yi2
2 2

0 & -

2 ⋅ J n , xx
Wn , xx =
h

" -

N Mx
σf = + ≤ fd
An Wn , xx

" -

N M h
σw = + x ⋅ − t f ≤ fd
An J n , xx 2

" & -

Vy fd
τ med = ≤
h ⋅ t w − n fori ,w ⋅ φb ,w ⋅ t w 3

" -

σ id = σ w2 + 3 ⋅ τ med
2
≤ fd
, 06. 6 / 1 .. / 7
$ $ && "" $ % & *
& ( " $ (
)) $ /).) )

,
2 & + - [ ]
Fs = A f ,n ⋅ σ amm = b ⋅ t f − nb ⋅ (φ f ⋅ tt ) ⋅ σ amm

,
σ amm
( - Vw,max = Aw,n ⋅ [ ]σ
= h2 ⋅ t w − nb ⋅ (φ f ⋅ t w ) ⋅ amm

3 3
2
0 ( - M w,max = ⋅ J xxw,n ⋅ σ amm
h

1 $-
J xxw,n & ( $ " )
h2 &&
 V

nv = 2
V Fila di bulloni "A"
Vb(,VY ) = eA
nv ⋅ nb
N
!! Vb(,NZ ) =

yi
nv ⋅ nb N

" # $ TA = V ⋅ eA

TA ⋅ y max
!! Vb(,TZ) = n V
nv ⋅ yi2
i =1

Rb ,v = [V ( ) ] + [V (
V
b ,Y
2 N)
b ,Z + Vb(,TZ) ]
2

Rb ,v
! # # τ b ,v = ≤ f d ,V
Ares

% nv = 1 !!
B
(V ) V 2
Vb ,Y =
nv ⋅ nb′
yi

V
" # $ TB = ⋅ eB
2

TB ⋅ ymax
!! Vb(,TX) = n V/2
nv ⋅ y 2
i
i =1
 Rb ,v = [V ( ) ] + [V ( ) ]
V
b ,Y
2 T 2
b, X

Rb ,v
! # # τ b ,v =
Ares

N
! # Nb =
nb′

Nb
# # # σ b ,v =
Ares

2 2
σ b ,v τ b ,v
# !! + ≤1
f d ,N f d ,V

nb′ # &

# # TA $ ' $ $
& # M A = TA
yi

φf
hs

ts

An = 2 ⋅ t s ⋅ hs − 2 ⋅ nb ⋅ (φ f ⋅ t s )

t s ⋅ hs3
− (φ f ⋅ t s ) ⋅ yi2
n
" # ( ! J n , xx = 2 ⋅
12 i =1

N M h
# σ= + A ⋅ s ≤ fd
An J n , xx 2
 V f
! # τ med = ≤ d
An 3

σ id = σ 2 + 3 ⋅ τ med
2
≤ fd

) # ! * $$ & $
$ ( # +

# ( # # nv = 2
RbA,v ⋅ nv
# σ rif = ≤ α ⋅ fd
d b ⋅ t w,secondaria
a
, # 2 ≤α = ≤ 2.5
d

$ $
e2
e1
1' 2' 1' 2'
tw
φf

h
yG

G2
G1
tf
b
1 2
1 2

! - . -(
Vmax
/ !
M 2 = Vmax ⋅ e2

tf h − tf
" # Sx = b ⋅ t f ⋅ + (h − t f ) ⋅ tw ⋅ + tf
2 2

! A = b ⋅ t f + (h − t f ) ⋅ tw

Sx
) ! yG =
A

" # ( ! 00

t w ⋅ (h − t f )
2 3 2
b ⋅ t 3f tf h −tf
J xx = + b ⋅ t f ⋅ yG − + + t w ⋅ (h − t f ) ⋅ + t f − yG
12 2 12 2
 J xx
" ! # # Wxx =
h − yG

N M2
# σ= + ≤ fd
A Wxx

Vmax f
! τ med = ≤ d
tw ⋅ h 3

σ id = σ 2 + 3 ⋅ τ med
2
≤ fd

! 1 . 1(
Vmax
/ !
M 1 = Vmax ⋅ e1

* $ ! - . -( !!
& # & ! $ +
 M sd Vsd

-
1 1

-.
-/
-0

#
σ 2

nb
nbf ,i
Ares ! "" # $

%&' ( & )

"

Vsd
Vb ,v =
nb

% "

Vb ,v
τb = ≤ f dV
Ares

%&' ( & ) ' * &

+ " " + " #

" + ,
" "

&+ "

1
⋅ σ c ⋅ b ⋅ yc − σ 1 ⋅ nbf ,1 ⋅ Ares − σ 2 ⋅ nbf , 2 ⋅ Ares − σ 3 ⋅ nbf ,3 ⋅ Ares = 0
2

n tesi
1
⋅ σ c ⋅ b ⋅ yc − Ares ⋅ nbf ,i ⋅ σ i = 0
2 i =1
 3
"

yi − yc
σ c : yc = σ i : ( yi − y c ) σi = ⋅σ c
yc

4 + " + "
# "

n tesi
b 2
⋅ yc − Ares ⋅ nbf ,i ⋅ ( yi − yc ) = 0
2 i =1

b 2
2
[
⋅ yc − Ares ⋅ nbf ,1 ⋅ ( y1 − yc ) + nbf , 2 ⋅ ( y 2 − yc ) + nbf ,3 ⋅ ( y3 − yc ) = 0 ]

5 6
yc y1 5 3

1 " "

b ⋅ y c3 n tesi
+ Ares ⋅ nbf ,i ⋅ ( yi − y c )
2
J=
3 i =1

b
3
[
J = ⋅ yc3 + Ares ⋅ nbf ,1 ⋅ ( y1 − y c ) + nbf , 2 ⋅ ( y 2 − yc ) + nbf ,3 ⋅ ( y3 − yc )
2 2 2
]
%

M sd
σc = ⋅ yc ≤ f d
J

% "

M sd N b ,i
N b ,i = ⋅ ( yi − yc ) ⋅ Ares σ b ,i = ≤ f dN
J Ares

2 2
σb τb
+ ≤1
f dN f dV
7' ( & 1 & 4&1 7 (

-
1 1

-
2

#
-
σ 2

8 , # " 5
5, 9
! $ + + " 5
"

&+ "

N b ,max M sd ⋅ y max
σ b ,max = = n tesi
≤ f dN
Ares
Ares ⋅ nbf ,i ⋅ y 2
i
i =1

"

M ⋅ y max
N b ,max = n tesi
sd

nbf ,i ⋅ yi2
i =1
 Fy T
! " ex Fy #
$ ! Fy % $ T
& $ ' & & $ $ $ $ $
% #

)*
+

*
+
*

* *

+
+

,+

,*
,*
*

,+
+

(Fy ) Fy Fy
Fy τ // = =
nc ⋅ a g , y ⋅ L y 2 ⋅ ag , y ⋅ Ly

Ty = V y ⋅ x
T
Tx = Vx ⋅ y

T = Fy ⋅ e x
Ty
Tx
Vy
Vx

$ $ $ $ (

Ty . max = V y . max ⋅ x = τ // . max ⋅ a g , y ⋅ L y ⋅ x = α ⋅ f d ⋅ a g , y ⋅ L y ⋅ x

[1]
Tx. max = Vx. max ⋅ y = τ // . max ⋅ a g , x ⋅ Lx ⋅ y = α ⋅ f d ⋅ a g , x ⋅ Lx ⋅ y
- & & ' (

Ty. max
Ty . max : Ty = (Ty . max + Tx. max ) : T → Ty = T ⋅ [2]
Ty . max + Tx. max

Tx. max : Tx = (Ty. max + Tx. max ) : T

Tx. max
→ Tx = T ⋅ [3]
Ty . max + Tx. max

[1] [2] [3] $ $

#

Ty . max α ⋅ f d ⋅ ag , y ⋅ Ly ⋅ x Fy ⋅ ex ⋅ a g , y ⋅ L y ⋅ x
Ty = T ⋅ = Fy ⋅ ex ⋅ =
Ty . max + Tx. max α ⋅ f d ⋅ (a g , y ⋅ L y ⋅ x + a g , x ⋅ Lx ⋅ y ) a g , y ⋅ L y ⋅ x + a g , x ⋅ Lx ⋅ y

Tx. max α ⋅ f d ⋅ a g , x ⋅ Lx ⋅ y Fy ⋅ ex ⋅ a g , x ⋅ Lx ⋅ y
Tx = T ⋅ = Fy ⋅ ex ⋅ =
Ty . max + Tx. max α ⋅ f d ⋅ (a g , y ⋅ L y ⋅ x + a g , x ⋅ Lx ⋅ y ) a g , y ⋅ L y ⋅ x + a g , x ⋅ Lx ⋅ y

Ty Fy ⋅ e x ⋅ a g , y ⋅ L y
! ( Vy = =
x a g , y ⋅ L y ⋅ x + a g , x ⋅ Lx ⋅ y

Tx Fy ⋅ e x ⋅ a g , x ⋅ L x
Vx = =
y a g , y ⋅ L y ⋅ x + a g , x ⋅ Lx ⋅ y

(Vy ) Vy Fy ⋅ e x
( τ // = =
ag , y ⋅ Ly a g , y ⋅ L y ⋅ x + a g , x ⋅ Lx ⋅ y

Vx Fy ⋅ ex
( τ //(V ) =
x
=
a g , x ⋅ Lx a g , y ⋅ L y ⋅ x + a g , x ⋅ Lx ⋅ y

(Vy ) (Fy ) Fy ⋅ ex Fy
. ( τ //, y = τ // + τ // = +
a g , y ⋅ L y ⋅ x + a g , x ⋅ Lx ⋅ y 2 ⋅ ag , y ⋅ Ly

Fy ⋅ e x
. ( τ //, x = τ //(V ) =
x

a g , y ⋅ L y ⋅ x + a g , x ⋅ Lx ⋅ y
 ! !! !
" # ! " $N + M % V#

&

- ' #
- ' #
- ! #
- " !#

" " ( ( (
&

)% ! * ! #
+% " #
,% ! ! ## # ! "
"#
-% ' #

$ . . %&
! / !
#

$ 0 . . 12 0 %&
! B 4* !
!! &

3( ! ## # 3! !
#

Nb
nb N b a = Nb Nb = nb
nb a

Nb
& d=
0.59σ b ,amm

σ b,amm $ %
 3( ! ## #

4 N (a + b )
N (a + b ) = σ M , N
AB
4
a σ M ,N =
AB a
≤ 0.7σ cam σ cam = 60 +
Rck − 150
4
[kg/cm ] 2

! " " " ! #

$ 0 . 2 ' %&
1 " " " 4 " "
3! * " ! #

" * ! 5 4 ( &

2 ! &
( ## #
! &

N
σc =
AB

2 ! 3 ! &
( 3 !
! ## #
! $ %
! #
3( ! (
! ! &

N 6e N 6e
σ c ,max = 1+ σ c ,min = 1−
AB B AB B

2 ! 3 ! $" %%&
! 3 ! * 3 ! *
! !! & " ! " #
6 !! ! *3 ( ! ! "
* ## # 7 ! #$
" %#
1 ! ! # # #* ( "7
!! " m = E a Ec # # # $σ N ,M = σ c %

( !
! &

σb 1 x
mAb d − xσ c A d − h + =0 $)%
m 2 3

&

σb
σc : x = : (h − x )
m
h−x
σ b = mσ c $+%
x
 3 $+% $)% 3 A 3( !
3 &

B 2 A A
x3 + 3 e − x + 6m b dx − 6m b dh = 0
2 A A

"&

M
e= 7
N
π d2
Ab = nb Ares & Ares = 0.75
4
A !!
B !!

&
σb 1
3( ! !! & mAb − xσ c A = N
m 2
( $+% " &

N
σc =
# # #&
x
A − mAb
(h − x ) ≤ 0.7σ cam
2 x

h−x
& σ b = mσ c ≤ σ b ,amm
x

2 ! ! & N b = σ b Ab

0 ! &
1 ! ! &

-
- !!
- "

5 #

V
" " " 3 " ## #& ≤ 0.40
N

! 3 !! * ( *
* " " #

( $' 20 1 1. 1%

' &
!! ! !
" " #

Nb
& d=
0.59σ b,am

Nb
σb = ≤ σ b ,amm
Ares
 &

πd 2
! ! & N b = σ b ,amm Ares = σ b ,amm 0.75
4

c2 d2
1 / ## # ! & N r = 0.7σ cam Ar = 0.7σ cam π −π
4 4

3 ! Nb = N r &

σ b,amm
- σ b = σ b,amm c = d 1.07 +1
σ cam
σb
- σ b < σ b,amm c = d 1.07 +1
σ cam

&
1 !! " &

Nb Nb 1.27 N b
p= = = ≤ 0.7σ cam
Ar c2 d 2 c2 − d 2
π −π
4 4

3 * * "7 "
! &

2
c ηpc 2
ηp ≤ σ amm t=
2t 4σ amm

c d
)#+8 )#89 + , 8 )9
η 9#)+- 9#,:, 9#;-: )#;< ,#,< 8#,9

. ! η&

[η j ]
− ηi :
c
d
−
c
d
= (η − ηi ) :
c
d
−
c
d
j i i

' " ! # # #&

1 " " " n

n * " ## # ! #
σc * ! σ c′ & σ c : x = σ c′ : (x − f )
 x− f
σ c′ = σ c
x

" ## # " & v=

(σ c + σ c′ ) f A
2
7 !! " 5& q=
(σ c + σ c′ ) f
2

" * " * "

( ! ( 3 &

M max M max t p 6 M max

σ= y= = 2 ≤ σ amm tp
Jx 1 3 2 t f
ft p p
12
' " &
5
" &

Nb o
M max =
2 2

M max t p 6 M max
σ= = ≤ σ amm
1 3 2 ot 2
ot p p
12

' " &

! " " # # #&

1
C= σ c xA $ ! 5 %
2

! w
7 3 5&

x
M w,compresso = C w −
3

! " " &

! w 7
3 " &

M w,teso = nb N b k
' &

" &

(
M max = max M w,compresso ; M w,teso )
Vmax = max (C ; nb N b )

6 " ! " &

! Sx ! " &
tp hc
S x = At p + n(hc tc ) + tp n #
2 2

! ! &

Sx
yG =
Atot

! 3 ! Jx 3 3 ! x−x#

2
1 3 1 h tp
Jx = At p + η 2 At p + n t c hc3 + t p + c − yG t c hc η = yG −
12 12 2 2

! ! &

Jx
Wx =
[(t p + hc − yG) ]
! " &

M max
σ= ≤ σ amm
Wx

! ! " &

Anervature = n(tc hc )

Vmax σ
τ med = ≤ τ amm = amm
Anervature 3

! " " &

σ id = σ 2 + 3τ 2 ≤ σ amm