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Personality Development
Personality Development
Personality Development
1. What are the four main factors that affect the development of personality? 2. How does isolation in childhood affect development?
Personality
To social scientists, personality is the sum total of behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and values that are characteristic of an individual. Our personality traits determine how we adjust to our environment and how we react in specific situations. No two individuals have the same personalities. Each individual has his or her own way of interacting with other people and with his or her social environment.
Personality Development
Peoples personalities continue to develop throughout their lifetimes. Specific traits change at different rates and to different degrees. Some personality traits seem to remain constant throughout a persons life, while others undergo dramatic changes. Personality development is more obvious during childhood, when people are experiencing rapid physical, emotional, and intellectual growth. At adulthood, personality traits change at a slower rate. However personality development varies form individual to individual.
Sociobiology
The emergence of sociobiology the systematic study of the biological basis of all social behavior emphasized the nature viewpoint. Sociobiologists argue that such varied cultural characteristics and behavioral traits as religion, cooperation, competition, slavery, envy, etc. are rooted in the genetic make-up of humans. In general sociobioligists argue that most of human social life is determined by biological factors.
Blending of factors
Most social scientists assume that personality and social behavior result from a blending of heredity and social environmental influences. They believe that environmental factors have the greatest influence. Heredity, birth order, parents, and cultural environment are among the principal factors that social scientists see influencing personality and behavior.
Heredity
Everyone has certain characteristics that are present at birth. (body build, hair type, eye color, and skin) Heredity characteristics also include certain aptitudes. An aptitude is a capacity to learn a particular skill or acquire a particular body of knowledge.
Example: a natural talent for music and art would be considered an aptitude.
However, some aptitudes can be learned and developed because of environmental factors.
Example: Parents encouragement
Heredity provides you with certain biological needs, but culture determines how you meet those needs.
Our personalities are influenced by whether we have brothers, sisters, both, or neither. Children with siblings have a different view of the world than do children who have siblings. The order in which we are born into our families also influences our personalities. People born first or last in a family have a different perspective than do people in the middle. Example: first born are likely to be achievement oriented and responsible. Later born are more likely to be better in social relationships, affectionate, friendly, or rebels and risk-takers.
Birth Order
Parental Characteristics
Parents influence their childrens personalities. The age of the parent can be a bearing on the childrens development. (EX. Younger vs. older) Other parental characteristics like level of education, religious orientation, economic status, occupation, and cultural heritage can and often do influence a childs personality and their social behavior.
Cultural Environment
Culture has a strong influence on personality development. The cultural environment determines the basic types of personalities that will be found in a society. Each culture gives rise to a series of personality traits model personalities that are typical of members of that society. EX. U.S. personalities are competitive, assertiveness and individualism. EX. The Ik (eek) of northern Uganda